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style="overflow:hidden;max-height:35px;line-height:18px;word-break:break-word;"> AGU meeting</div> <div class="v-card__text event-content"><div class="event-text-truncate" style="height:70px;overflow:hidden;">AGU24: annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union.</div> <a>Read more about this event <i aria-hidden="true" class="v-icon notranslate mdi mdi-arrow-right-circle theme--light" style="font-size:14px;color:#2d5273;caret-color:#2d5273;"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div><div target="_self" aria-hidden="true" class="vueperslide" style="width:32.666666666666664%;margin-right:1%;"><div class="v-card v-sheet theme--light elevation-0" style="background:none;"><div class="d-flex flex-no-wrap"><div class="v-avatar ma-0 mt-0 rounded-0" style="height:140px;min-width:120px;width:120px;"><time datetime="2024-12-11" class="icon" style="color:#2d5273;"><em>Wednesday</em> <strong style="background-color:#2d5273;box-shadow:0 2px 0 #2d5273;">December</strong> <span>11</span></time></div> 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Director’s Seminar</div> <div class="v-card__text event-content"><div class="event-text-truncate" style="height:70px;overflow:hidden;">Please join us for the SED Director’s Seminar hosted by the Observational Cosmology Laboratory, Code 665!<br><br> More information to come!</div> <a>Read more about this event <i aria-hidden="true" class="v-icon notranslate mdi mdi-arrow-right-circle theme--light" style="font-size:14px;color:#2d5273;caret-color:#2d5273;"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div><div data-v-5a957a44>  <div class="section-margins-1" data-v-5a957a44><div data-v-5a957a44><div class="container"><div class="mb-4" data-v-cbef2158><div class="d-flex" data-v-cbef2158><div class="mb-3 me-auto justify-start" data-v-cbef2158><h2 class="section-header-home-title" data-v-cbef2158>Press Releases</h2> <div class="heading-after" style="background:#2d5273;" data-v-cbef2158></div></div> <div class="justify-end" style="padding-top: 0px;" 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It’s a trend that will continue at least through the end of this century, according to NASA researchers. The change in forest structure could absorb more of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, or increase permafrost thawing, ...",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nasa.gov\u002Fearth\u002Ftundra-vegetation-to-grow-taller-greener-through-2100-nasa-study-finds\u002F",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14341.jpg",image_alt_text:"Photo of landscape at Murphy Dome fire scar ouside Fairbanks, Alaska."}],featured:a,youtube:a,apod:{date:"2024-11-23",explanation:"In an interplanetary first, on July 19, 2013 Earth was photographed on the same day from two other worlds of the Solar System, innermost planet Mercury and ringed gas giant Saturn. Pictured on the left, Earth is the pale blue dot just below the rings of Saturn, as captured by the robotic Cassini spacecraft then orbiting the outermost gas giant. On that same day people across planet Earth snapped many of their own pictures of Saturn. On the right, the Earth-Moon system is seen against the dark background of space as captured by the sunward MESSENGER spacecraft, then in Mercury orbit. MESSENGER took its image as part of a search for small natural satellites of Mercury, moons that would be expected to be quite dim. In the MESSENGER image, the brighter Earth and Moon are both overexposed and shine brightly with reflected sunlight. Destined not to return to their home world, both Cassini and MESSENGER have since retired from their missions of Solar System exploration.",hdurl:"https:\u002F\u002Fapod.nasa.gov\u002Fapod\u002Fimage\u002F2411\u002Fearth_cassinimessenger_1799.jpg",media_type:"image",service_version:"v1",title:iM,url:iN,"sed-cache-hit":g},apodData:{title:iM,image:iN,link:b},eo:{title:["Signs of Sea Level Rise in the Bahamas"],link:[iO],"media:thumbnail":[{$:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Feoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002Fimagerecords\u002F153000\u002F153568\u002Fandrosisland_oli2_20240515_th.jpg"}}],description:["Rising seas have redistributed cyanobacterial mats blanketing part of Andros Island and restructured the island’s marshes and mudflats."],"content:encoded":["\n \n \u003Cp\u003E\n \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002F153568\u002Fsigns-of-sea-level-rise-in-the-bahamas\"\u003E\u003Cimg\n src=\"https:\u002F\u002Feoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002Fimagerecords\u002F153000\u002F153568\u002Fandrosisland_oli2_20240515_th.jpg\"\n border=\"0\" alt=\"Signs of Sea Level Rise in the Bahamas\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E\n Rising seas have redistributed cyanobacterial mats blanketing part of Andros Island and restructured the island’s marshes and mudflats.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002F153568\u002Fsigns-of-sea-level-rise-in-the-bahamas\"\u003ERead More...\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n \n "],"dc:creator":[" NASA Earth Observatory "],pubDate:["Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0500"],categories:[{category:["Land,Water"]}],guid:[iO],"georss:point":["-78.154044518104 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Because the host stars are bright and nearby, they will be ideal for ground-based observations and well suited to transit spectroscopy with JWST.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, the full-frame images acquired every 30 minutes will provide a nearly complete sky survey, allowing for detailed study of ~2 million stars in our galactic neighborhood. From these data, TESS will discover over 10,000 additional exoplanets (largely Jupiter-sized objects), which will help improve the statistical knowledge of the population of exoplanets. The full-frame images will also provide unique new data for a wide range of non-exoplanet science including studies of white dwarfs, active galactic nuclei, and young stars. Much of this work will be supported through the TESS Guest Investigator Program.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETESS will be equipped with four wide-angle telescopes and charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors, with a total size of 192 megapixels. Together, these four cameras provide an instantaneous field-of-view of 24x96 degrees; over the course of the nominal two year mission, each of these observing sectors will be observed continuously for 27 days. Where observation sectors overlap, the time coverage will be longer, up to a full year at the ecliptic poles. Data from TESS will be sent to the ground monthly, and will be available to the public quickly, with no proprietary data period.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Principal Investigator for TESS is Dr. G. Ricker at MIT, and TESS is being built in collaboration between MIT, Orbital, NASA Goddard, and NASA Ames. The TESS Science Team has international membership, and is led out of MIT and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t",url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Ftess.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:A,launch_year:dA,launch_month:"4",launch_day:"18",image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Fsatelite-tess.jpg",image_alt:"artist's conception of TESS in space",status:k,instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:H,org_code:A,uupic:"841715271",prx_first_name:jT,prx_last_name:jU,prx_mid_name:"Ann",pb_last_name:jU,pb_first_name:jT,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:A,phonebook_id:80765,bio:"allison.a.youngblood"},{role_disp:a$,org_code:A,uupic:"543659552",prx_first_name:"SUSAN",prx_last_name:"NEFF",prx_mid_name:"GALE",pb_last_name:"Neff",pb_first_name:"Susan",pb_mid_name:"Gale",p_org_code:bl,phonebook_id:12134,bio:"susan.g.neff"}]},{id:aR,code:E,disp:jV,acronym:jW,desc_short:jX,desc:a,url_home:jY,url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:A,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:jZ,image_alt:j_,status:k,instruments:[{id:j$,disp:ka},{id:kb,disp:kc}],staff:[{role_disp:H,org_code:A,uupic:kd,prx_first_name:ke,prx_last_name:kf,prx_mid_name:X,pb_last_name:kg,pb_first_name:bx,pb_mid_name:X,p_org_code:x,phonebook_id:kh,bio:ki},{role_disp:dm,org_code:A,uupic:kj,prx_first_name:kk,prx_last_name:kl,prx_mid_name:aT,pb_last_name:km,pb_first_name:b$,pb_mid_name:aT,p_org_code:A,phonebook_id:kn,bio:ko}]},{id:kp,code:ai,disp:kq,acronym:kr,desc_short:ks,desc:a,url_home:kt,url_epo:ku,url_staff:a,org_codes:I,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:kv,image_alt:kw,status:k,instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:kx,org_code:I,uupic:ky,prx_first_name:kz,prx_last_name:kA,prx_mid_name:cf,pb_last_name:kB,pb_first_name:dB,pb_mid_name:cf,p_org_code:I,phonebook_id:kC,bio:kD},{role_disp:H,org_code:I,uupic:kE,prx_first_name:kF,prx_last_name:kG,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:kH,pb_first_name:kI,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:j,phonebook_id:kJ,bio:kK}]}],alphabeticalMissions:{recordCount:jK,alphabet:[{letter:s,count:i},{letter:cO,count:i},{letter:cP,count:m},{letter:cQ,count:e},{letter:cR,count:e},{letter:cS,count:l},{letter:cT,count:e},{letter:cU,count:G},{letter:cV,count:i},{letter:cW,count:d},{letter:cX,count:e},{letter:cY,count:d},{letter:cZ,count:e},{letter:c_,count:m},{letter:c$,count:e},{letter:da,count:d},{letter:db,count:e},{letter:dc,count:e},{letter:dd,count:D},{letter:de,count:i},{letter:df,count:e},{letter:dg,count:e},{letter:dh,count:i},{letter:di,count:q},{letter:t,count:e},{letter:dj,count:e}],records:[{id:S,code:E,disp:"Advanced Composition Explorer",acronym:"ACE",desc_short:"The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) studies energetic particles from the sun as well as sources within and outside our galaxy. ACE observations contribute to our understanding of the formation and evolution of the solar system as well as the astrophysical processes involved. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center provided detectors and telescopes for several of ACE's instruments. The mission launched in 1997. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.srl.caltech.edu\u002FACE",url_epo:a,url_staff:"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.srl.caltech.edu\u002FACE\u002Face_personnel.html",org_codes:kL,launch_year:"1997",launch_month:"8",launch_day:"27",image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Face_stamp.gif",image_alt:"ace 100 image",status:k,status_display:y,class:[],instruments:[{id:152,disp:"ACE Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer"},{id:153,disp:"ACE Solar Isotope Spectrometer"}],staff:[{role_disp:H,org_code:kL,uupic:"305377261",prx_first_name:"ERIC",prx_last_name:"CHRISTIAN",prx_mid_name:aE,pb_last_name:i$,pb_first_name:kM,pb_mid_name:aE,p_org_code:bH,phonebook_id:6792,bio:"eric.r.christian"}]},{id:665,code:E,disp:kN,acronym:a,desc_short:"ASTROSAT is a multi-wavelength astronomy mission on an IRS-class satellite in a 650-km, near-equatorial orbit. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fastrosat-ssc.iucaa.in",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:x,launch_year:kO,launch_month:kP,launch_day:"28",image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FAstrosat_SCI.png",image_alt:kN,status:k,status_display:y,class:[],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:jM,code:ai,disp:jN,acronym:"BAT",desc_short:"With its large field-of-view (2 steradians) and high sensitivity, the BAT detects about 100 Gamma Ray Bursts per year, and computes burst positions onboard the satellite with arc-minute positional accuracy. ",desc:a,url_home:a,url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:j,launch_year:jL,launch_month:aK,launch_day:dr,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Fbat_diagram.jpg",image_alt:"Diagram of the BAT",status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:"instrument",project_class_type_disp:"Instrument",project_class_type_desc:"Instrument description",last_update_date:an,last_update_user:ao}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:"Team Lead",org_code:j,uupic:ds,prx_first_name:dt,prx_last_name:ba,prx_mid_name:du,pb_last_name:ba,pb_first_name:dv,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:j,phonebook_id:dw,bio:dx}]},{id:662,code:E,disp:kQ,acronym:a,desc_short:"The BurstCube mission is a small (6U) Cubesat to detect gamma-ray burst events, providing rapid alerts and initial detection localization. It operates from low earth orbit after being deployed from the International Space Station. BurstCube has been developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center’s Astrophysics Science Division. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fdocs\u002Fburstcube\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:dC,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Fburstcube_logo.png",image_alt:kQ,status:k,status_display:y,class:[],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:373,code:E,disp:"Calorimetric Electron Telescope",acronym:"CALET",desc_short:"CALET will measure the high-energy spectra of electrons, nuclei, and gamma-rays to address outstanding questions including signatures of dark matter, the sources of high-energy particles and photons, and the details of particle acceleration and transport in the galaxy. ",desc:"CALET is a new mission selected by JAXA for the Japanese Experiment Module—Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) on the International Space Station, manifested for HTV-5 (H-II Transfer Vehicle 5) in 2014. CALET will measure the high-energy spectra of electrons, nuclei, and gamma-rays to address outstanding questions including signatures of dark matter, the sources of high-energy particles and photons, and the details of particle acceleration and transport in the galaxy. The CALET project includes researchers from Japan, the U.S., Italy, and China. The CALET-U.S. team of Louisiana State University, GSFC, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Denver are working in CALET instrument development, testing, instrument modeling, flight operations, flight data processing and science analysis. The ASD team of John Mitchell, Thomas Hams, John Krizmanic, Alexander Moiseev, and Makoto Sasaki are responsible for the instrument simulation and performance model, technical support for instrument development, and accelerator testing and calibration.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n\r\nCALET uses a deep-imaging particle calorimeter for superior energy resolution and excellent separation between hadrons and electrons and between charged particles and gamma rays. The main telescope has a field-of-view of ~45° from the zenith and a geometric acceptance of 0.12 m\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E-sr. The calorimeter is divided into an imaging calorimeter (IMC) section that provides tracking and accurately determines the starting point of showers, and a total absorption calorimeter (TASC) section that measures total particle energy. The IMC contains ~3 radiation lengths (X\u003Csub\u003Eo\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E) of tungsten interspersed between eight x-y layers of scintillating optical fibers read out by multi-anode photomultipliers. Most electrons and photons will initiate showers in the IMC, which measures the starting point of the shower and its development until it enters the TASC. The TASC is a stack of lead tungstate (PWO) crystals arranged in x-y layers to track the axis of the shower. Each crystal is read out by two photodiodes and an avalanche photodiode. The TASC has a total thickness of 27 X\u003Csub\u003Eo\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E and collects the total energy in the shower with a leakage of only a few percent for electrons. A charge detector subsystem at the top of the telescope measures the charge of incident particles and functions as an anti-coincidence detector for gamma-ray measurements.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n\r\nCALET is focused on investigating the high-energy total electron spectrum into the trans-TeV energy range. These measurements have the potential to identify, for the first time, the signature of high-energy particles accelerated in a local astrophysical engine and subsequently released into the Galaxy. Electrons lose energy rapidly by synchrotron and inverse Compton processes. The distant-source spectrum is expected to be relatively featureless, falling approximately as E\u003Csup\u003E-3\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E and softening rapidly above 1 TeV. Electrons with TeV energy must have been accelerated within about 10\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E yrs and can have diffused at most a few hundred parsecs. The electron lifetime and the diffusion distance decrease rapidly with energy. Detection of electrons with energy significantly above 1 TeV would indicate the presence of a nearby source and the arrival directions of these electrons should also show detectable anisotropy. Individual sources might also produce features in the spectrum at lower energies. CALET will resolve discrepancies among recent results from balloon experiments (BETS, ATIC, PPB-BETS), space experiments (Fermi, PAMELA) and ground-based air Cherenkov telescope observations (HESS).\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n\r\nHigh-energy electrons and positrons may also be produced by dark-matter annihilation. CALET will search for signatures of dark-matter annihilation producing features in the electron or gamma-ray spectra. Together with measurements at the Large Hadron Collider, details of the spectra of high-energy cosmicray electrons and positrons may hold the key to revealing the nature of dark matter.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n\r\nThe spectra of primary cosmic-ray nuclei, and the important secondary elements such as boron, hold the key to understanding galactic particle transport at very high energy. CALET will measure the B\u002FC ratio with precision to about a decade in energy beyond current results, and thereby test many of the models currently proposed. CALET will also extend the measurements of the spectra of cosmic ray nuclei from hydrogen to iron, with high resolution, into the region of the spectral “knee” to investigate possible structure and energy-dependent composition changes.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n\r\nCALET will perform a gamma-ray all-sky survey, complementing Fermi and HESS observations, to detect intense high-energy sources, study the diffuse component, and search for new regions of emission. CALET includes a low energy (7 KeV–20 MeV) gamma-ray burst monitor. GRB measurements are also extended to high energy using the main telescope.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n\r\nConstruction of the instrument and spacecraft are well underway. A test of prototype detectors at the CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics) Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) using proton and electron beams up to 350 GeV in energy showed the instrument to be capable of the needed discrimination between cosmic-ray electrons and the far more numerous protons, with energy resolution of a few percent for electrons. The engineering model of CALET will be calibrated in both singly-charged particle and heavy-ion beams at the SPS in Fall 2012.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n\r\nThe electron, nucleus, and gamma-ray measurements of CALET would be extended to higher energy and greater precision by the HEPCaT (High-Energy Particle Calorimeter Telescope) instrument studied by a team led by Mitchell and proposed as part of the OASIS (Orbiting Astrophysical Spectrometer in Space) mission. HEPCaT would measure cosmic-ray electrons to energies well above 10 TeV and nuclei to energies of 10\u003Csup\u003E15\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E eV.\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t",url_home:a,url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:j,launch_year:kO,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Fcalet.jpg",image_alt:"CALET instrument",status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:aL,project_class_type_disp:Q,project_class_type_desc:Q,last_update_date:an,last_update_user:ao}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:309,code:kR,disp:"Cosmic Ray Balloon Instruments",acronym:a,desc_short:"NASA scientists have flown several instruments on high-altitude balloons to study the origin of cosmic rays. The Balloon Experiment Superconducting Spectrometer (\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fasd.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fbess\u002F\"\u003EBESS\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), in partnership with the University of Tokyo, observes antimatter cosmic rays. The Cosmic Ray Energetic and Mass (\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fcosmicray.umd.edu\u002Fcream\"\u003ECREAM\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) with University of Maryland, targets high-energy cosmic rays. And the Super Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fsed\u002Findex.cfm?fuseAction=projects.view&project_id=164\"\u003ESuperTIGER\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) with Washington University, focuses on cosmic ray elemental abundances. ",desc:a,url_home:a,url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:j,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FBESS launch.jpg",image_alt:"BESS launch",status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:aL,project_class_type_disp:Q,project_class_type_desc:Q,last_update_date:an,last_update_user:ao}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:368,code:ai,disp:"Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass",acronym:"CREAM",desc_short:"The balloon-borne CREAM instrument was developed for direct measurements of cosmic-ray spectra \u003Cnobr\u003E1 ≤ Z ≤ 26\u003C\u002Fnobr\u003E at total energies greater than 10\u003Csup\u003E11\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E eV to test models of cosmic-ray acceleration. A version of the experiment called ISS-CREAM is being developed to fly on the space station. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fcosmicray.umd.edu\u002Fcream",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:dC,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FCREAM.jpg",image_alt:"The CREAM instrument just prior to launch from Williams Field, McMurdo Station, Antarctica.",status:k,status_display:y,class:[],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:aJ,code:E,disp:ji,acronym:a,desc_short:jj,desc:a,url_home:jk,url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:j,launch_year:do0,launch_month:cb,launch_day:aK,image:jl,image_alt:jm,status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:aL,project_class_type_disp:Q,project_class_type_desc:Q,last_update_date:an,last_update_user:ao}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:H,org_code:j,uupic:jn,prx_first_name:jo,prx_last_name:jp,prx_mid_name:aH,pb_last_name:jq,pb_first_name:jr,pb_mid_name:aH,p_org_code:x,phonebook_id:js,bio:jt},{role_disp:H,org_code:j,uupic:ju,prx_first_name:jv,prx_last_name:jw,prx_mid_name:jx,pb_last_name:jy,pb_first_name:dp,pb_mid_name:jz,p_org_code:j,phonebook_id:jA,bio:jB},{role_disp:a$,org_code:j,uupic:jC,prx_first_name:jD,prx_last_name:jE,prx_mid_name:X,pb_last_name:dq,pb_first_name:am,pb_mid_name:X,p_org_code:j,phonebook_id:jF,bio:jG},{role_disp:a$,org_code:j,uupic:jH,prx_first_name:cc,prx_last_name:cd,prx_mid_name:ce,pb_last_name:cd,pb_first_name:cc,pb_mid_name:ce,p_org_code:j,phonebook_id:jI,bio:jJ}]},{id:389,code:ai,disp:"Fermi Science Tools",acronym:a,desc_short:"The Fermi mission is providing a suite of tools called the Fermi Science Tools for the analysis of both LAT and GBM data. This suite was developed by the FSSC and the instrument teams, and was reviewed by the Fermi Users' Group. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Ffermi.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fssc\u002Fdata\u002Fanalysis\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:dC,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:a,image_alt:a,status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:by,project_class_type_disp:aj,project_class_type_desc:aj,last_update_date:bz,last_update_user:bA}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:383,code:ai,disp:kS,acronym:kS,desc_short:"CFITSIO is a library of C and Fortran subroutines for reading and writing data files in FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) data format. CFITSIO provides simple high-level routines for reading and writing FITS files that insulate the programmer from the internal complexities of the FITS format. CFITSIO also provides many advanced features for manipulating and filtering the information in FITS files. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fdocs\u002Fsoftware\u002Ffitsio\u002Ffitsio.html",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:I,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:a,image_alt:a,status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:by,project_class_type_disp:aj,project_class_type_desc:aj,last_update_date:bz,last_update_user:bA}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:385,code:ai,disp:"FV: The Interactive FITS File Editor",acronym:a,desc_short:"Fv is the easy to use graphical program for viewing and editing any FITS format image or table.",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fdocs\u002Fsoftware\u002Fftools\u002Ffv\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:I,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:a,image_alt:a,status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:by,project_class_type_disp:aj,project_class_type_desc:aj,last_update_date:bz,last_update_user:bA}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:484,code:E,disp:kT,acronym:kT,desc_short:"HaloSat was designed to survey the distribution of hot gas in the Milky Way and constrain the mass and geometry of the Galactic halo. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fdocs\u002Fhalosat\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:"660,662",launch_year:dA,launch_month:kU,launch_day:"21",image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FHaloSat-600px.jpg",image_alt:"ISS photograph of HaloSat being deployed. Solar panels in the upper right are panels on the ISS.",status:k,status_display:y,class:[],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:384,code:ai,disp:"HEASoft",acronym:a,desc_short:"A Unified Release of the FTOOLS and XANADU Software Packages",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fdocs\u002Fsoftware\u002Flheasoft\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:I,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:a,image_alt:a,status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:by,project_class_type_disp:aj,project_class_type_desc:aj,last_update_date:bz,last_update_user:bA}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:386,code:ai,disp:"Hera -- Astronomical Data Analysis over the Internet",acronym:a,desc_short:"Hera is the new data processing facility provided by the HEASARC at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for analyzing FITS format. astronomical data files. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fhera\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:I,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:a,image_alt:a,status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:by,project_class_type_disp:aj,project_class_type_desc:aj,last_update_date:bz,last_update_user:bA}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:405,code:E,disp:"Herschel Space Observatory",acronym:a,desc_short:"The European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory (formerly called Far Infrared and Sub-millimetre Telescope or FIRST) has the largest single mirror ever built for a space telescope. At 3.5-metres in diameter the mirror will collect long-wavelength radiation from some of the coldest and most distant objects in the Universe. In addition, Herschel is the only space observatory to cover a spectral range from the far infrared to sub-millimetre. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fsci.esa.int\u002Fherschel\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:A,launch_year:"2009",launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:a,image_alt:a,status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:aL,project_class_type_disp:Q,project_class_type_desc:Q,last_update_date:an,last_update_user:ao}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:H,org_code:A,uupic:"208378206",prx_first_name:dl,prx_last_name:"DANCHI",prx_mid_name:W,pb_last_name:"Danchi",pb_first_name:dy,pb_mid_name:W,p_org_code:x,phonebook_id:4652,bio:"william.c.danchi"}]},{id:kp,code:ai,disp:kq,acronym:kr,desc_short:ks,desc:a,url_home:kt,url_epo:ku,url_staff:a,org_codes:I,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:kv,image_alt:kw,status:k,status_display:y,class:[{project_class_type_code:"dc",project_class_type_disp:"Data Centers",project_class_type_desc:"Data Centers description",last_update_date:an,last_update_user:ao}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:kx,org_code:I,uupic:ky,prx_first_name:kz,prx_last_name:kA,prx_mid_name:cf,pb_last_name:kB,pb_first_name:dB,pb_mid_name:cf,p_org_code:I,phonebook_id:kC,bio:kD},{role_disp:H,org_code:I,uupic:kE,prx_first_name:kF,prx_last_name:kG,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:kH,pb_first_name:kI,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:j,phonebook_id:kJ,bio:kK}]},{id:491,code:kR,disp:"High-Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray",acronym:"Micro-X",desc_short:"Micro-X is a NASA-funded X-ray space telescope payload, part of NASA's sounding rocket program. We successfully flew the first Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) microcalorimeter array in space during our first flight in July, 2018. Our next flight to observe Cas-A is scheduled for September 2019. Our versatile science program includes high-resolution spectroscopy of supernova remnants and searches for dark matter in the Milky Way. 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As electrically charged particles from the sun (the solar wind) flow outward beyond the orbits of the planets, they collide with the material between the stars -- the interstellar medium, or ISM. These interactions create energetic neutral atoms (ENAs), fast-moving particles with no charge. This region emits no light that can be collected by conventional telescopes, so IBEX, measures the ENAs that happen to be traveling inward from the boundary. IBEX's sole science objective is to discover the nature of the interactions between the solar wind and the interstellar medium at the edge of our solar system. 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Fermi is advancing our understanding of a broad range of topics, including supermassive black holes, dark matter studies, the physics of pulsars and gamma-rays bursts, and the origin of cosmic rays. The mission observes high-energy gamma rays over a broad range of energies as well as more focused gamma-ray bursts. Fermi was launched in 2008. ","http:\u002F\u002Ffermi.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F","images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FFermi-600px.png","artist's conception of Fermi in orbit","219356915","JULIE","MC ENERY","McEnery","Julie",4897,"julie.e.mcenery","799463330","ELIZABETH","HAYS","ANNE","Hays","Anne",17930,"elizabeth.a.hays","418546655","DAVID","THOMPSON",9236,"david.j.thompson","471877422",10516,"judith.racusin",41,"2004",428,"Burst Alert Telescope","Principal Investigator","Zhang","3","Zaven","Arzoumanian","Allison","Youngblood","Hubble Space Telescope","HST","The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a multi-instrument observatory that has dramatically changed humanity's understanding of the universe for over two decades, with dramatic images of stars, planets, and galaxies. Hubble orbits Earth; its position above the atmosphere, which distorts and reduces the light that reaches the surface, gives it a view of the universe that typically surpasses that of ground-based telescopes. HST's various instruments investigate the universe in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared portions of the spectrum. HST was deployed from the space shuttle Discovery on April 25, 1990. After that, the telescope underwent five servicing missions to repair or upgrade various instruments and systems. ","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.nasa.gov\u002Fmission_pages\u002Fhubble\u002Fmain\u002Findex.html","images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Fhubble-600px.jpeg","photo of Hubble in space",206,"Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph",207,"Wide Field Camera 3 ","078773834","JENNIFER","WISEMAN","Wiseman",1713,"jennifer.j.wiseman","486472261","KENNETH","CARPENTER","Carpenter",10874,"kenneth.g.carpenter",141,"High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center","HEASARC","The High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) is the primary archive for NASA missions dealing with extremely energetic phenomena, from black holes to the Big Bang. Having recently merged with the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA), it includes data obtained by NASA's high-energy astronomy missions from the extreme ultraviolet through gamma-ray bands, along with missions that study the relic cosmic microwave background. ","http:\u002F\u002Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F","http:\u002F\u002Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fdocs\u002Foutreach.html","images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FHEASARC-newlogo-600px.jpg","heasarc logo","Project Manager","043357240","ALAN","SMALE","Smale",949,"alan.p.smale","013514532","LORELLA","ANGELINI","Angelini","Lorella",331,"lorella.angelini-1","661,672","Eric","AstroSat","2015","9","BurstCube","prog","FITSIO","HaloSat","5","7","19","17","B. A. Franz","Applied Optics","959198845","sean.w.bailey@nasa.gov","261054212","Frederick","Patt","Craig","Jeffrey","Remote Sensing of Environment","302","T.","Sasha","Kramer","Siegel","D. A. Siegel","Nima","Pahlevan","N. Pahlevan",19,21,"Peter","Lachlan","McKinna","L. I. McKinna","Caren","Binding","C. E. Binding","000158336","Sanjuan Calzado","violeta.sanjuancalzado@nasa.gov","UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE CO","109370445","J. Blake","852040216","Schollaert Uz","Stephanie","stephanie.uz@nasa.gov","Emmanuel","Boss","E. Boss","Amy","Taylor","I. Cetinić","CS","129","Nicolas",117019,"Windle DiPaola","Windle DiPaola, Anna E. (GSFC-616.0)[SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS INC]","Anna E Windle Dipaola","anna.e.windledipaola@nasa.gov","443.907.0498","SR RESEARCH SCIENTIST","W161B","awindled","awindled, GS110860","GS110860","2023-05-16 08:04:37","0000-0002-4852-5848","anna.windledipaola@nasa.gov","I.","W.","B.","000691764","jaehwa.lee@nasa.gov","RESEARCH SCIENTIST","UNIV OF MARYLAND COLLEGE PARK","412860072","Vincent","woogyung.v.kim@nasa.gov","589655963","Tsay","si-chee.tsay-1@nasa.gov","H.","976643016","samuel.j.kitchen-mckinley@nasa.gov","241901734","Schaeffer","B. A. Schaeffer","Stumpf","2","611,616","Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer","Salesin","Salesin K.","K. D. Knobelspiesse","126337151","Jacek","Chowdhary","J. Chowdhary","Wojciech","Jarosz","W. Jarosz","Salesin K., \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fauthor\u002F536081930\"\u003EK. D. Knobelspiesse\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fauthor\u002F126337151\"\u003EJ. Chowdhary\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, P. Zhai, and W. Jarosz","Hannah"));</script><script>!function(){var e=document,t=e.createElement("script");if(!("noModule"in t)&&"onbeforeload"in t){var n=!1;e.addEventListener("beforeload",function(e){if(e.target===t)n=!0;else if(!e.target.hasAttribute("nomodule")||!n)return;e.preventDefault()},!0),t.type="module",t.src=".",e.head.appendChild(t),t.remove()}}();</script><script nomodule src="/_nuxt/6fedc31.js" defer></script><script type="module" src="/_nuxt/13d5a80.modern.js" defer></script><script nomodule src="/_nuxt/1694d0f.js" defer></script><script type="module" src="/_nuxt/0a7356f.modern.js" defer></script><script nomodule src="/_nuxt/e06710f.js" defer></script><script type="module" src="/_nuxt/d0d501d.modern.js" defer></script><script nomodule src="/_nuxt/a0a3957.js" defer></script><script type="module" src="/_nuxt/6122384.modern.js" defer></script> </body> </html>