Epidermal Dysfunction Leads to an Age-Associated Increase in Levels of Serum Inflammatory Cytokines

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0xejZMvDzAFNOqITtMz6h51C0qOkZaZXOLHrjgQU072yLn85fcJts07xsUNG8u7x"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0xejZMvDzAFNOqITtMz6h51C0qOkZaZXOLHrjgQU072yLn85fcJts07xsUNG8u7x"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0xejZMvDzAFNOqITtMz6h51C0qOkZaZXOLHrjgQU072yLn85fcJts07xsUNG8u7x"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0xejZMvDzAFNOqITtMz6h51C0qOkZaZXOLHrjgQU072yLn85fcJts07xsUNG8u7x"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="28115059"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-202X(17)30036-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3048&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=28115059&db=pubmed&nlmid=0426720" title="See full text options at Elsevier Science" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Elsevier Science" data-ga-label="28115059" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-elsevieroa.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Elsevier Science </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/28115059/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=28115059&db=pubmed&nlmid=0426720" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="28115059" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> 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data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F28115059%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="0xejZMvDzAFNOqITtMz6h51C0qOkZaZXOLHrjgQU072yLn85fcJts07xsUNG8u7x"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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class="article-details" id="article-details">   <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="publication-type" >Comparative Study</div> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="The Journal of investigative dermatology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal The Journal of investigative dermatology" data-pinger-ignore> J Invest Dermatol </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The Journal of investigative dermatology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22J+Invest+Dermatol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22J+Invest+Dermatol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=J Invest Dermatol" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Invest Dermatol"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Invest+Dermatol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Invest Dermatol"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"J Invest Dermatol"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"J Invest Dermatol"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2017 Jun;137(6):1277-1285.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.007. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2017 Jan 20. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Epidermal Dysfunction Leads to an Age-Associated Increase in Levels of Serum Inflammatory Cytokines </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hu+L&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lizhi Hu">Lizhi Hu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lizhihuleopard@yahoo.com." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mauro+TM&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Theodora M Mauro">Theodora M Mauro</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Dang+E&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Erle Dang">Erle Dang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Man+G&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="George Man">George Man</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhang+J&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jing Zhang">Jing Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lee+D&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dale Lee">Dale Lee</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wang+G&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gang Wang">Gang Wang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Feingold+KR&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kenneth R Feingold">Kenneth R Feingold</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Metabolism, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Elias+PM&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Peter M Elias">Peter M Elias</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Man+MQ&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mao-Qiang Man">Mao-Qiang Man</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. Electronic address: mqman@hotmail.com." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/28115059/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lizhihuleopard@yahoo.com.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Metabolism, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7" id="full-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. Electronic address: mqman@hotmail.com.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">28115059</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC5441930&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5441930/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC5441930 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.007&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.007" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.007 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Comparative Study</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Epidermal Dysfunction Leads to an Age-Associated Increase in Levels of Serum Inflammatory Cytokines </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Lizhi Hu</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> J Invest Dermatol<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2017 Jun</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/28115059/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span 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dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="The Journal of investigative dermatology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal The Journal of investigative dermatology" data-pinger-ignore> J Invest Dermatol </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The Journal of investigative dermatology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22J+Invest+Dermatol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22J+Invest+Dermatol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=J Invest Dermatol" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Invest Dermatol"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Invest+Dermatol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Invest Dermatol"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"J Invest Dermatol"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"J Invest Dermatol"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2017 Jun;137(6):1277-1285.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.007. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2017 Jan 20. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hu+L&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lizhi Hu">Lizhi Hu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lizhihuleopard@yahoo.com." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mauro+TM&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Theodora M Mauro">Theodora M Mauro</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Dang+E&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Erle Dang">Erle Dang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Man+G&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="George Man">George Man</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhang+J&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jing Zhang">Jing Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lee+D&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dale Lee">Dale Lee</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wang+G&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gang Wang">Gang Wang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Feingold+KR&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kenneth R Feingold">Kenneth R Feingold</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Metabolism, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Elias+PM&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Peter M Elias">Peter M Elias</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Man+MQ&cauthor_id=28115059" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mao-Qiang Man">Mao-Qiang Man</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. Electronic address: mqman@hotmail.com." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lizhihuleopard@yahoo.com.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Metabolism, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7" id="short-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Dermatology Services, Veterans Affair Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. Electronic address: mqman@hotmail.com.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">28115059</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC5441930&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5441930/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC5441930 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.007&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.007" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.007 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/28115059/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/28115059/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Even though elderly populations lack visible or other clinical signs of inflammation, their serum cytokine and C-reactive protein levels typically are elevated. However, the origin of age-associated systemic inflammation is unknown. Our previous studies showed that abnormalities in epidermal function provoke cutaneous inflammation, and because intrinsically aged skin displays compromised permeability barrier homeostasis and reduced stratum corneum hydration, we hypothesized here that epidermal dysfunction could contribute to the elevations in serum cytokines in the elderly. Our results show first that acute disruption of the epidermal permeability barrier in young mice leads not only to a rapid increase in cutaneous cytokine mRNA expression but also an increase in serum cytokine levels. Second, cytokine levels in both the skin and serum increase in otherwise normal, aged mice (>12 months). Third, expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and amyloid A mRNA levels increased in the epidermis, but not in the liver, in parallel with a significant elevation in serum levels of cytokines. Fourth, disruption of the permeability barrier induced similar elevations in epidermal and serum cytokine levels in normal and athymic mice, suggesting that T cells play a negligible role in the elevations in cutaneous and serum inflammatory cytokines induced by epidermal dysfunction. Fifth, correction of epidermal function significantly reduced cytokine levels not only in the skin but also in the serum of aged mice. Together, these results indicate that the sustained abnormalities in epidermal function in chronologically aged skin contribute to the elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, potentially predisposing the elderly to the subsequent development or exacerbation of chronic inflammatory disorders. </p> </div> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one"><bold>Conflicts of Interest</bold></p> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">All authors declare no conflicts of interest except that invention disclosure has been filed for the concept of preventing/treating systemic disorders using strategies to improve epidermal functions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9691/5441930/02902fd5809b/nihms845500f1.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="784" data-image-height="777" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC5441930" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9691/5441930/81c80fa4fdb5/nihms845500f1.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="784"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="777"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. Acute Barrier Disruption Induces Not… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. Acute Barrier Disruption Induces Not only Cutaneous, but also Systemic Inflammation in Normal… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1. Acute Barrier Disruption Induces Not only Cutaneous, but also Systemic Inflammation in Normal Mice </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Both flanks of 8-week old C57BL/6J mice were repeatedly tape-stripped until in transepidermal water loss rates increased 4-fold. One group of non-tape stripped mice served as normal controls. Three hours after tape-stripping, blood was collected for cytokine analysis (see Methods). Skin samples were collected for determination of cytokine mRNA levels in the dermis and epidermis, separated by brief heating (Feingold et al., 1991). Fig 1a: Serum cytokine levels, measured by ELISA assay; 1b: Changes in mRNA levels, measured by Q-PCR in the dermis and epidermis 3 hrs after acute barrier disruption. Data were normalized to non-tape stripped normal controls, setting normal controls as 100% (dotted line in Fig 1b). A Mann Whitney two-tailed test was used to determine the significances between tape-stripped vs. non-tape stripped mice.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9691/5441930/02e2cd180d2a/nihms845500f2.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="604" data-image-height="960" data-image-alt="Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC5441930" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9691/5441930/eec8a3dbb6bf/nihms845500f2.gif" alt="Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="604"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="960"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. Cutaneous and Serum Cytokines Increase… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. Cutaneous and Serum Cytokines Increase in Aged Mice </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Both flanks of 12-month old… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2. Cutaneous and Serum Cytokines Increase in Aged Mice </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Both flanks of 12-month old C57BL/6J mice were used in this study. The dermis and epidermis were separated by heat (Feingold et al., 1991). Fig 2a: Expression levels of cytokine mRNA in the skin; Fig 2b: Serum cytokine levels; Fig 2c: Serum amyloid A levels in 7-week old vs. 12-month old mice. Fig 2d: mRNA levels for amyloid A and TNFα in the liver (red dots) and the epidermis (black dots) of 12-month old mice. Data were normalized to normal young controls, setting normal young controls as 100% (dotted lines). A Mann Whitney two-tailed test was used to determine the significances between aged and young mice. P values were vs. the non-tape stripped normal controls.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9691/5441930/78142eb536d5/nihms845500f3.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="601" data-image-height="988" data-image-alt="Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC5441930" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9691/5441930/400fa01648d2/nihms845500f3.gif" alt="Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="601"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="988"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Acute Barrier Disruption Induces Increases… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Acute Barrier Disruption Induces Increases in Cutaneous and Systemic Cytokines in Athymic Mice </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3. Acute Barrier Disruption Induces Increases in Cutaneous and Systemic Cytokines in Athymic Mice </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Both flanks of 8-week old athymic mice were repeatedly tape-stripped until transepidermal water loss rates ≥4-fold increases. Groups of mice and experimental methods were the same as that in C57BL/6J mice. Fig 3a: Changes in mRNA levels in the dermis and epidermis; Fig 3b: Serum cytokine levels 3 hrs after barrier disruption. Fig 3c: Changes in serum cytokine levels in athymic vs. C57BL/6J mice following acute barrier disruption by sequential tape stripping. Data were normalized to non-tape stripped normal controls, setting normal controls as 100% (dotted line). A Mann Whitney two-tailed test was used to determine the significances between tape-stripped vs. non-tape stripped mice. P values were vs. the non-tape stripped normal controls.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="figure-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9691/5441930/c9170e96a2d1/nihms845500f4.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="754" data-image-height="449" data-image-alt="Figure 4" data-pmc-id="PMC5441930" data-figure-id="F4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9691/5441930/52781f3cc948/nihms845500f4.gif" alt="Figure 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="754"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="449"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4. Improvements in Epidermal Function Alleviate… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4. Improvements in Epidermal Function Alleviate Not only Cutaneous, but also Systemic Inflammation </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> 12-month… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 4. Improvements in Epidermal Function Alleviate Not only Cutaneous, but also Systemic Inflammation </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">12-month old C57BL/6J mice were treated topically with either petrolatum or glycerol twice-daily for 10 days, followed by collection of blood and skin for analyses of serum cytokines and cutaneous cytokine mRNA. Fig 4a and c: Expression levels of cutaneous pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in aged mice following treatment with petrolatum or glycerol; Fig 4b and d: Changes in serum cytokine levels in aged mice treated with petrolatum and glycerol, respectively. The data are expressed as % of untreated young mice, setting the level of young mice as 100% (dotted line). One way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significances. The significances are indicated in the figures. N=8 for all groups. Significances indicated in column bars represent the differences between treated vs. untreated aged mice.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="linked-articles" id="linked-commentary"> <h2 class="title"> Comment in </h2> <ul class="item-list usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/28395899/" ref="article_id=28395899&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> Epidermal Barrier Protects against Age-Associated Systemic Inflammation. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Velarde MC.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Velarde MC.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Jun;137(6):1206-1208. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.964. 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href="/?term=%22Amyloid%2Fblood%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Amyloid%2Fblood%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Amyloid/blood"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Amyloid / blood"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Amyloid" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Amyloid / blood"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Amyloid/blood"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Amyloid/blood"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Analysis of Variance" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Analysis of Variance </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Analysis of Variance"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Analysis+of+Variance%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Analysis+of+Variance%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Analysis of Variance"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Analysis of Variance"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" 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class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Glycerol%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Glycerol%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Glycerol/pharmacology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Glycerol / pharmacology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Glycerol" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Glycerol / pharmacology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Glycerol/pharmacology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" 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Epidermal Dysfunction Leads to an Age-Associated Increase in Levels of Serum Inflammatory Cytokines - PubMed