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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mishars as Volga Tatars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mishars_as_Volga_Tatars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regional_formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Regional formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ancestors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mishars_and_Russians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mishars_and_Russians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mishars and Russians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mishars_and_Russians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Mishar_Tatars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Mishar_Tatars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable Mishar Tatars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Mishar_Tatars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finnish_Mishars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finnish_Mishars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Finnish Mishars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finnish_Mishars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="mw-page-title-main">Mishar Tatars</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixars" title="Mixars – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mixars" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%9F%C9%99rl%C9%99r" title="Mişərlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mişərlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мишәрҙәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мишәрҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1ar_Tatari" title="Mišar Tatari – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mišar Tatari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixars" title="Mixars – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mixars" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Мишерсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мишерсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mischaren" title="Mischaren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mischaren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81" title="Τάταροι Μισάρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τάταροι Μισάρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%9Daroj" title="Miŝaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miŝaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мишарлар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мишарлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misarok" title="Misarok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Misarok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misjaren" title="Misjaren – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Misjaren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="ミシャル・タタール人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミシャル・タタール人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мишари – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мишари" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis%C3%A4%C3%A4rit" title="Misäärit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Misäärit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мишәрләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мишәрләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%9Ferler" title="Mişerler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mişerler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мішари – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мішари" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%96%A9%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="米薩韃靼人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="米薩韃靼人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subgroup of the Volga Tatars</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tartary" title="Tartary">Tartary</a></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mishar Tatars</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>мишәрләр, мишәр татарлары, татарлар mişərlər, mişər tatarları, tatarlar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nizhgarlar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Nizhgarlar.jpg/220px-Nizhgarlar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Nizhgarlar.jpg/330px-Nizhgarlar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Nizhgarlar.jpg/440px-Nizhgarlar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Mishar Tatar couple, late 1800s.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">apprx. 2.3 million (or 1/3 of <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Russia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></span>: <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Penza_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Penza_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Penza_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Penza_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Penza_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Penza_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Penza_Oblast" title="Penza Oblast">Penza Oblast</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mordovia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mordovia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mordovia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mordovia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mordovia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mordovia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mordovia" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ulyanovsk_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ulyanovsk_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ulyanovsk_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ulyanovsk_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ulyanovsk_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ulyanovsk_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk Oblast</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Region.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Region.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Region.svg/45px-Flag_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1757" data-file-height="1173" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Samara_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samara_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Samara_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samara_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Samara_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Samara_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" title="Samara Oblast">Samara Oblast</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Saratov_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saratov_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Saratov_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saratov_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Saratov_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saratov_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saratov_Oblast" title="Saratov Oblast">Saratov Oblast</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd Oblast</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg Oblast</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li></ul></th><td class="infobox-data">1.5–2.3 million<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">Mishar dialect</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Kazan Tatars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Mishar Tatars</b> (endonyms: мишәрләр, мишәр татарлары, <i>mişärlär, mişär tatarları</i>), previously known as the <b>Meshcheryaki</b> (мещеряки), are the second largest subgroup of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a>, after the Kazan Tatars. Traditionally, they have inhabited the middle and western side of <a href="/wiki/Volga_region" title="Volga region">Volga</a>, including the nowadays <a href="/wiki/Mordovia" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Oblast" title="Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penza_Oblast" title="Penza Oblast">Penza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" title="Samara Oblast">Samara</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Many have since relocated to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mishars also comprise the majority of <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a> and Tatars living in other <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a> countries.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mishars speak the <a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">western dialect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar language</a> and like the Tatar majority, practice <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>. They have at least partially different ethnogenesis from the Kazan Tatars, though many differences have since disappeared. Different versions about their origin exist to this day, but most researchers connect their ancestors to the population of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>. The Mishar dialect is said to be "faithfully close" to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language">Kipchak Turkic language</a>. </p><p>In the 1897 census, their total number was 622,600. The estimates have varied greatly since, because they are often identified simply as <i>Tatars</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meshchera, or <a href="/wiki/Mishar_Yurt" title="Mishar Yurt">Mescherski Yurt</a> (Мещерский юрт, Tatar: <i>Mişär yortı</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>)</i> is a name used by the Russians for certain areas where the ancestors of the Mishars lived. For the first time it is mentioned in the Golden Horde and later in <a href="/wiki/Qasim_Khanate" title="Qasim Khanate">Kasim Khanate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Meshchera" class="mw-redirect" title="Meshchera">Meshchera</a> is also an ancient Finno-Ugric tribe, although it has been also claimed that it was originally Turkic.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linguist <a href="/wiki/J._J._Mikkola" title="J. J. Mikkola">J. J. Mikkola</a> thought the name might come from a reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Mordvinic_languages" title="Mordvinic languages">Mordvinic</a> word <i>ḿeškär,</i> meaning "beekeeper".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its connection to proto-Hungarian Magyars has also been suggested (mazhar, mishar).<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mishars living separately from Kazan Tatars do not call themselves Mishars, they consider themselves simply <i>Tatars</i>. The Tatar Turkologist of the early 19th century, Akhmarov, believed that the name "Mishar" has a geographical character and originates from the historical region of Meshchera.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Mişär" most likely comes from the Kazan Tatars. Previously, in Russian sources, they were known as the <i>Meshcheryaki</i> (мещеряки).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1926 census, 200,000 called themselves "Mishars". The Tatar name originates from the time of Golden Horde, when the <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> nobility used it for its population. Later, Russian feudals and the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsar</a> government started using the name, though many of them still called themselves <i>möselman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, based on a single interview done in an ethnically diverse <a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia">Chuvash</a> village, the Mishars saw Islam central to their identity; they stated that <a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a>, the Christian Tatars, were not Tatars at all. They themselves identified as "Tatar", and the term <i>Mishar</i> only came up after repeated questioning.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mishars_as_Volga_Tatars">Mishars as Volga Tatars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mishars as Volga Tatars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mishars are the second main subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a>, the other one being the <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a> Tatars. They differ mainly in living locations and dialect, though the Mishars also have at least partially different ethnogenesis from the Kazan Tatars. </p><p>According to R. G. Mukhamedova, the Mishar Tatars are ethnic relatives of the Kazan Tatars, descendants of the Kipchaks, some of whom may be of ancient Hungarian origin.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukhamedova presented that "the role of the Kipchaks in the formation of the Mishars was somewhat greater than in the formation of the Kazan Tatars".<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Allen J. Frank, the Mishar Tatars "have the same language and religion as the Kazan Tatars, but differ from them in their ethnic and political history". He emphasizes the Mishar's "long association with the Russian state".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yevfimi Aleksandrovich Malov, a missionary who was active in Kazan, compared the two groups in question in his 1885 writing as follows: "The Mishar Tatars have bushier beards, they don't show off their clothes. They speak loudly, as if shouting, and add Russian expressions to their speech".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mullah named Ahsän, from the village of Yendovich interviewed by Malov, said that they came from Kasimov and differed from the Kazan Tatars in terms of language and customs.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the Mishar and Kazan Tatars have become closer as a result of migration, the differences between them have decreased.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mi%C5%9F%C9%99rl%C9%99r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Mi%C5%9F%C9%99rl%C9%99r.jpg/220px-Mi%C5%9F%C9%99rl%C9%99r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Mi%C5%9F%C9%99rl%C9%99r.jpg/330px-Mi%C5%9F%C9%99rl%C9%99r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Mi%C5%9F%C9%99rl%C9%99r.jpg/440px-Mi%C5%9F%C9%99rl%C9%99r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Mishar Tatars in <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergachsky_District" title="Sergachsky District">Sergachsky District</a>. </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_formation">Regional formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regional formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The formation of the group took place in the forest-steppe zone on the west side of the <a href="/wiki/Sura_(river)" title="Sura (river)">Sura river</a>, along the tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Oka_(river)" title="Oka (river)">Oka</a>. Individual nomadic groups began to move to this area inhabited by the Finnic peoples at the beginning of the 11th century. During the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> moved to the region and founded e.g. Temnikov, Narovchat, Shatsky and Kadom fortresses. After the Golden Horde weakened, they became subjects of Russia, who farmed the land and paid the <a href="/wiki/Yasak" title="Yasak">yasak tax</a> or performed military service.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ethnic character of the Mishars was mostly finally formed during 1400–1500 in <a href="/wiki/Qasim_Khanate" title="Qasim Khanate">Qasim Khanate</a>, though <a href="/wiki/Temnikov_Principality" title="Temnikov Principality">principality of Temnikov</a> is also named as an important factor.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After migration waves from late 1500s to 1700s, they settled especially on the right bank of Volga and Urals. Increased contacts with Kazan Tatars made these two groups even closer, and thus, the "Tatar nation" was born; eventually replacing previously used regional names.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian Alimzhan Orlov thinks the Mishars of <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</a> are "real Mishars". G. Akhmarov says that Mishars arrived in Novgorod in early 1600s, though some of them might have already been on the territory before; Tatars who called themselves the Meshcheryaks had settled to the deserts in the eastern part of the region already before the Invasion of Kazan (1552). In remaining texts, they recall “with great longing the happy life of their ancestors in the Kazan Khanate".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestors">Ancestors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancestors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mishar_Tatar_woman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mishar_Tatar_woman.jpg/220px-Mishar_Tatar_woman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mishar_Tatar_woman.jpg/330px-Mishar_Tatar_woman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mishar_Tatar_woman.jpg/440px-Mishar_Tatar_woman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="857" /></a><figcaption>Mishar Tatar woman in <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, late 1800s.</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of the Mishar Tatars has remained a point of controversy for years.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, however, the same ancient tribes are brought up; <a href="/wiki/Burtas" title="Burtas">Burtas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks / Cumans</a> and Ugrian Magyars.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Researchers such as Velyaminov-Zernov, Radlov and Mozharovski believed that the Mishar Tatars descended from the "Tatarized" Finno-Ugric Meshchera tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> M. Zekiyev, G. Akhmarov and A. Orlov challenge this idea. Zekiyev says: "If this theory (Meschera) turns out to be true, there must be clear traces of Finno-Ugric tribes in the Tatars, but they are not there at all."<sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian Damir Khayretdinov, genetic studies seem to also be against this theory.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theory of A. Orlov is as follows then: The ancestors of Mishar Tatars are formed by <a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a> and Meshchera. However, Orlov denies the Finnic background of the tribe. He thinks Meshchera was all along a Turkic tribe (Polovtsian), that by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a>, were named as <a href="/wiki/Mari_people" title="Mari people">Mari/Tsheremis</a>. Orlov states, that Mishars originate from "ancient Meshchera", which is first mentioned in Golden Horde. He also proposes, that these Turkic Meshchera largely formed the <a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a>, also allegedly known as the "Meschera Cossacks", even before the time of Kasim Khanate. A. Gordeyev connects the formation of Cossacks to Golden Horde and Tatishev made a connection between "Meshchera Tatars" and Don Cossacks. <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a>, according to him, wrote the following: "Cossacks are just Meschera Tatars". Orlov also states, that not all ancestors of Nizhny Novorod Mishars are from Meshchera, rather, some can be traced back to <a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria</a>, and others to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hungarian theory exists also. <a href="/wiki/Friar_Julian" title="Friar Julian">Friar Julian</a> describes <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hungarians" title="Eastern Hungarians">Eastern Hungarians</a> he found in <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkiria</a> in 1235. They spoke to him <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> and their language remained mutually intelligible. Some scientists of the 19th and 20th centuries, based on equivalency of the Turkic ethnonym Madjar (variants: Majgar, Mojar, Mishar, Mochar) with the Hungarian self-name Magyar, associated them with <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian speaking</a> Magyars and came to a conclusion that Turkic-speaking Mishars were formed by a Turkization of those Hungarians who remained in the region after their main part left to the West in the 8th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shift <i>magyar>mozhar</i> is natural for Hungarian phonology and this form of the ethnonym was in use until they shifted to <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> in 15-16th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existence of the ethnic toponyms <i>mozhar, madjar</i> to the east of Carpathian region proves this.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of early medieval Hungarian culture is attested by archeological findings in Volga-Ural region.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence of Hungarian language resulted in forming definite conjugation in <a href="/wiki/Mordvinic_languages" title="Mordvinic languages">Mordvinic languages</a> which is found only in Ugric languages. Medieval Hungarian loans are found in <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Volga Bulgarian</a> and Mordvinic languages.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethnologist R.G. Kuzeyev says that the Mishars by their origin "go back to one of the ancient Ugric tribes of the Magyar union", and this ethnonym itself "has a Ugric-Magyar basis".<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancestors of Mishar Tatars being part of Golden Horde, one way or another, unifies researchers. <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Center_for_Near_East_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA Center for Near East Studies">UCLA Center for Near East Studies</a> states that Mishars most likely descent from the Kipchaks of Golden Horde, that settled on the West side of the Volga.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khayretdinov: "The Meshchersky yurt was considered an integral part of the Golden Horde, and not only in its capital Sarai, but also in Crimea and elsewhere".<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Radlov" title="Vasily Radlov">Radlov</a> noted that the Mishar-Tatar dialect is one of the closest to the Cuman language used in <a href="/wiki/Codex_Cumanicus" title="Codex Cumanicus">Codex Cumanicus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Antero_Leitzinger" title="Antero Leitzinger">Leitzinger</a> called their dialect "faithfully close" to ancient Kipchak.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chembiley%27s_Mosque.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chembiley%27s_Mosque.png/220px-Chembiley%27s_Mosque.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chembiley%27s_Mosque.png/330px-Chembiley%27s_Mosque.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chembiley%27s_Mosque.png/440px-Chembiley%27s_Mosque.png 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Mosque in Mishar village Çümbäli.</figcaption></figure> <p>Like the Tatar majority, Mishars also are <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mishars speak the western dialect of the Tatar language. (<a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">The Mishar Dialect</a>). It is further divided into several local dialects. The Western dialect is characterized by the absence of the labialized [ɒ] and the uvular [q] and [ʁ] found in the Middle Tatar dialect. In some local dialects there is an affricate [tʃ], in others [ts]. The written Tatar language (ie the Kazan dialect) has been formed as a result of the mixing of central and western dialects. The Mishar dialect, especially in the Sergach area, has been said to be very similar to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some linguists (<a href="/wiki/Vasily_Radlov" title="Vasily Radlov">Radlov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Samoylovich" title="Alexander Samoylovich">Samoylovich</a>) think that Mishar Tatar belongs to the Kipchak-Cuman group rather than to the Kipchak-Bulgar group.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khayretdinov: "The Mishar dialect is incomparably closer to the Kipchak language than other languages of the Kipchak subgroup in many phonetic and especially morphological features".<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Material from the second half of the 18th century on the Mishar dialect shows references to the Kasimov dialect, which has since disappeared, and especially to the <a href="/wiki/Kadom" title="Kadom">Kadom</a> area. Russian loanwords also appear.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>G. N. Akhmarov noticed a similarity in the Mishar and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakh</a> cultures in the national dress of women and in the ancient Kipchak words, which are not found in the Kazan Tatar dialect, but are in the center for the Kazakhs, as well as <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altai people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russian and Mordvian influences have been observed in Mishar architecture, house construction and home decoration. Mishar tales often contain signs of <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a> and a lot of animal motifs. Social satire has also been popular. It usually targetes the rich and spiritual leaders. Folk poetry is wistful, about the home region and miserable human fates. The wedding songs of the Mishar people are very similar to the songs of the <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a>. According to Orlov, the Mishars resemble the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Karaites</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a> because of their language, traditional food, and the naming of the days of the week. A. Samoylovich writes; "The individual name system of the days of the week is observed in a wide area, from the Meshcheryaks of the Sergach region of Nizhny Novgorod province to the Turks of Anatolia and the Balkan Peninsula."<sup id="cite_ref-:9_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though the Mishars present many different ethnic traits, they are (like Balkars) said to be one of the "purest representatives" of ancient Kipchaks today. Orlov states: "Nizhny Novogord Tatars are one of the original Tatar groups, who maintain the continuity of Kipchak-Turkic language, culture and tradition."<sup id="cite_ref-:9_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A. Leitzinger thinks Mishars have more Kipchak in their dialect, where as Bolgar influence possibly is found better among the Kazan Tatars.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A genetic analysis found that the medieval Hungarian Conqueror elite is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Turkic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic people">Turkic</a> groups in the Volga region, notably <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a>, which, according to the study, can be modeled as ~50% <a href="/wiki/Mansi_people" title="Mansi people">Mansi-like</a>, ~35% <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatian-like</a>, and ~15% <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Hun/Xiongnu-like</a>. The admixture event is suggested to have taken place in the Southern Ural region at 643–431 BCE, which is "in agreement with contemporary historical accounts which denominated the Conquerors as <i>Turks</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>D. Khayretdinov: "Anthropologically, the Mishars mostly belong to the Pontic type of the Caucasoid race, which is well expressed among the pre-Mongol Bulgars, modern <a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a>, Bulgarians of Eastern Bulgaria and some Hungarians (more than 60% of the Mishars). The light Caucasoid type (descended from the Sakaliba mentioned in Arabic sources, or from the Kipchaks) is about 20%. The Ural type, most characteristic of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga-Kama region, is represented among the Mishars less than all other groups of the Tatar nation: 8-10%. The Mongoloid type in its pure form is not found".<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khayretdinov also brings up the possible Iranian-Burtas theory when discussing the dark appearance of Mishar Tatars. N.D. Rusinov suggested that some <a href="/wiki/Hydronym" title="Hydronym">hydronyms</a> in the southern and southeastern parts of the Nizhny Novgorod region may be of Iranian origin.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mishars_and_Russians">Mishars and Russians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mishars and Russians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mishar_Tatars_in_Russian_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mishar_Tatars_in_Russian_Empire.jpg/220px-Mishar_Tatars_in_Russian_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mishar_Tatars_in_Russian_Empire.jpg/330px-Mishar_Tatars_in_Russian_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mishar_Tatars_in_Russian_Empire.jpg/440px-Mishar_Tatars_in_Russian_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="811" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Land Captain of the second section of Sergachsky District P. V. Dmitriev (in the middle) with his subordinates; Mishar Tatars on left, Russians on right. (late 1800s).</figcaption></figure> <p>Accordin to Leitzinger, Mishars are traditionally maybe slightly more "symphatetic" to Russians than Kazan Tatars. These two groups have lived next to each other and therefore the Mishars have been influenced by them. Due to this, the Kazan Tatars have thought, maybe condescendingly, that Mishars are "half Russian". Mishars are not however the so called "Russified Tatars", but still maintain their Kipchak-Turkic language and Sunni Islamic faith.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mishars are known to have partaken in the Cossack army of <a href="/wiki/Stenka_Razin" title="Stenka Razin">Stenka Razin</a> during the 1670–1671 uprising, and probably also in other revolutions in Russian Empire. In 1798-1865, they formed the "Bashkir-Meshcheryaki Army" (Башкиро-мещерякское войско), which was an irregural formation, but took part for example in the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French Invasion of Russia</a>. (1812).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orlov says that "Meshchera Tatars" were in the Cossack army of <a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Russian conquest of Siberia</a>. Orlov has also gave a simple statement relating to this; "The ancestors of Mishars are the <a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some sources, Mishars are known as "Kasimov Tatars", since they were formed <a href="/wiki/Qasim_Khanate" title="Qasim Khanate">there</a>. However, the formation, also known as Qasıym Tatars, was eventually a separate Tatar group; according to S. Ishkhakov, an "ethnically transitional group between Kazan Tatars and Mishar Tatars." Kasimov Tatars took part in the Conquest of Kazan and in wars against Sweden with Ivan the Terrible.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1400-1500s, the Tatars of <a href="/wiki/Qasim_Khanate" title="Qasim Khanate">Kasim Khanate</a> operated as representatives and translators in Russian court.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since World War II, estimates of the number of Mishars have varied; 300,000 - 2,000,000. The census has been complicated by them sometimes being counted as their own group (Mishar/Mescheryaki) and sometimes as Tatars in general. Merging with the people of Kazan has also contributed to the matter. In 1926 census, there were 200 000 Mishars, but the number was thought to be higher in reality, because not everyone identified as Mishar. In 1897, the number of "Mishars" had been 622 600.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the Mishars have inhabited the western side of the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga River</a>. Majority of the Nizhny Novgorod Mishars currently live in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Mishar_Tatars">Notable Mishar Tatars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable Mishar Tatars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tatars" title="List of Tatars">List of Tatars</a></div> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Husain_Portret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Husain_Portret.jpg/220px-Husain_Portret.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Husain_Portret.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Husain_Faizkhanov" title="Husain Faizkhanov">Husain Faizkhanov</a> (1823–1866), a Mishar Tatar historian, philologist and teacher.</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Ayaz_%C4%B0shaki" title="Ayaz İshaki">Ayaz İshaki</a> (1878–1954) - leading figure of the Tatar national movement</li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Абдрезаков, Али Касимович">Ali Abderazakov</a> (1912–1992) - World War II hero</li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Богданов, Хамзя Салимович">Hamzya Bogdanov</a> (1904–1983) - World War II hero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamil_Tarpishchev" title="Shamil Tarpishchev">Shamil Tarpishchev</a> (b. 1948) - tennis coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Chagaev" title="Ruslan Chagaev">Ruslan Chagaev</a> (b. 1978) - boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmir_Hazetdinov" title="Ilmir Hazetdinov">Ilmir Hazetdinov</a> (b. 1991) - ski jumper</li> <li>Sadek Abdulzhalilov (1829–1886) – sheikh, ulama, philosopher<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bedretdin Alimov (1870–1937<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) – first imam of <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Cathedral_Mosque" title="Moscow Cathedral Mosque">Moscow Cathedral Mosque</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marat_Basharov" title="Marat Basharov">Marat Basharov</a> (b. 1974) – actor<sup id="cite_ref-:13_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Khaydar Bigichev (1949–1998) – singer<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diniyar_Bilyaletdinov" title="Diniyar Bilyaletdinov">Diniyar Bilyaletdinov</a> (b. 1985) – footballer<sup id="cite_ref-:13_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinetula_Bilyaletdinov" title="Zinetula Bilyaletdinov">Zinetula Bilyaletdinov</a> (b. 1955) – hockey player, coach<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husain_Faizkhanov" title="Husain Faizkhanov">Husain Faizkhanov</a> (1823–1866) – historian, philologist<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lotfulla Fattakhov (1918–1981) – painter<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rifat Fattakhov (b. 1966) – journalist, cultural worker<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marat_Izmailov" title="Marat Izmailov">Marat Izmailov</a> (b. 1982) – footballer<sup id="cite_ref-:13_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliya_Mustafina" title="Aliya Mustafina">Aliya Mustafina</a> (b. 1994) – artistic gymnast<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Tatar father)</li> <li>Alimzhan Orlov (b. 1929) – historian<sup id="cite_ref-:12_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marat_Safin" title="Marat Safin">Marat Safin</a> (b. 1980) – tennis player<sup id="cite_ref-:13_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Abdulvakhid Suleymanov (1786–1862) – third mufti of <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Muslim_Spiritual_Assembly" title="Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly">Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4%C5%9Fit_Wahapov" title="Räşit Wahapov">Rashid Vagapov</a> (1908–1962) – singer<sup id="cite_ref-:12_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mukhammed-Zarif Yunusov (1850–1914) – imam of the first Muslim congregation of Saint Petersburg<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a> (b. 1966) - businessman</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finnish_Mishars">Finnish Mishars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Finnish Mishars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aisa_Hakimcan_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aisa_Hakimcan_1920.jpg/200px-Aisa_Hakimcan_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aisa_Hakimcan_1920.jpg/300px-Aisa_Hakimcan_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aisa_Hakimcan_1920.jpg/399px-Aisa_Hakimcan_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1729" data-file-height="2658" /></a><figcaption>Minhacetdin Bedretdin, <a href="/wiki/Aisa_Hakimcan" title="Aisa Hakimcan">Aisa Hakimcan</a> and Ibrahim Teregul; Mishar Tatars from Nizhny Novgorod, pictured in Finland, year 1920.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Tatars in Finland are Mishar Tatars, whose ancestors came from the villages of <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A nickname for such Mishars is "Nizhgar" / Nizhgarlar" (Нижгар / Нижгарлар).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A project focused on Nizhny Novgorod Mishars, which historian Alimzhan Orlov calls "the pure Mishars",<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is <i>tatargenealogy.ru</i>, created by Ruslan Akmetdinov.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hungarians" title="Eastern Hungarians">Eastern Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friar_Julian" title="Friar Julian">Friar Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktuk" title="Aktuk">Aktuk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Leitzinger, Antero: <i>Mishäärit – Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö</i>. (Sisältää Hasan Hamidullan ”Yañaparin historian”. Suomentanut ja kommentoinut Fazile Nasretdin). Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/952-9752-08-3" title="Special:BookSources/952-9752-08-3">952-9752-08-3</a>.</li> <li>Орлов, Алимжан Мустафинович: <i>Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы</i>. Н. Новгород : Изд-во Нижегор. ун-та, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-8746-407-8" title="Special:BookSources/5-8746-407-8">5-8746-407-8</a><span class="error" style="font-size:100%"> Parameter error in {{<a href="/wiki/Template:ISBN" title="Template:ISBN">ISBN</a>}}: length</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54625854">54625854</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216095121/http://www.kitap.net.ru/orlov0.php">(Archived online version)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090701210148/http://www.islamnn.ru/modules.php?name=News&file=articles&sid=4115#3">Mishar religious figures (in Russian)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oppps.ru/zhizn-tatarov-misharej.html">Life of Mishar Tatars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishar_Tatars&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pGClDAAAQBAJ">Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World</a>, 2016, page 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180131000748/http://www.selcuk.edu.tr/turkiyat/tr">"Selçuk Üni̇versi̇tesi̇"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.selcuk.edu.tr/turkiyat/tr">the original</a> on 2018-01-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sel%C3%A7uk+%C3%9Cni%CC%87versi%CC%87tesi%CC%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.selcuk.edu.tr%2Fturkiyat%2Ftr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVovina2006" class="citation journal cs1">Vovina, Olessia (September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/rss/34-3_255.pdf">"Islam and the Creation of Sacred Space: The Mishar Tatars in Chuvashia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Religion, State & Society</i>. <b>34</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09637490600819374">10.1080/09637490600819374</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-3974">1465-3974</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53454004">53454004</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion%2C+State+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Islam+and+the+Creation+of+Sacred+Space%3A+The+Mishar+Tatars+in+Chuvashia&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2006-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53454004%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1465-3974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09637490600819374&rft.aulast=Vovina&rft.aufirst=Olessia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblicalstudies.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Frss%2F34-3_255.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 6 (S. Ishkhakov)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsson2009" class="citation book cs1">Larsson, Göran (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xVHmmLZg0A0C"><i>Islam in the Nordic and Baltic Countries</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 94, 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-48519-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-48519-7"><bdi>978-0-415-48519-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+the+Nordic+and+Baltic+Countries&rft.pages=94%2C+103&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-48519-7&rft.aulast=Larsson&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6ran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxVHmmLZg0A0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tatarica.org/tat/razdely/istoriya/srednie-veka/meshcherskij-yurt">"Мишәр йорты"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D3%99%D1%80+%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftatarica.org%2Ftat%2Frazdely%2Fistoriya%2Fsrednie-veka%2Fmeshcherskij-yurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhayretdinov2017" class="citation web cs1">Khayretdinov, Damir (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psv4.userapi.com/c237131/u66340837/docs/d28/d1bcd5de0d88/khayretdinov_diss.pdf?extra=46raNDDWSlpv5CsJehZRkcR2m4Ijaai_YPVFNPAHHCkyDqf_ocu7cptDhyJBE3h9ue2mLvqpOiIhmI2jiRG8S8co2BHton2HkbH9lbsZdFOYanbW7OQAh7PxBSZqtj8TtXHr-CqOOhB-Mw">"ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ НИЖЕГОРОДСКИХ ТАТАР-МИШАРЕЙ (IX – НАЧАЛО ХХ ВЕКА)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%98+%D0%AD%D0%A2%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%AF+%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%96%D0%95%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A5+%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A0-%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A8%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%99+%28IX+%E2%80%93+%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%9E+%D0%A5%D0%A5+%D0%92%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%90%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Khayretdinov&rft.aufirst=Damir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsv4.userapi.com%2Fc237131%2Fu66340837%2Fdocs%2Fd28%2Fd1bcd5de0d88%2Fkhayretdinov_diss.pdf%3Fextra%3D46raNDDWSlpv5CsJehZRkcR2m4Ijaai_YPVFNPAHHCkyDqf_ocu7cptDhyJBE3h9ue2mLvqpOiIhmI2jiRG8S8co2BHton2HkbH9lbsZdFOYanbW7OQAh7PxBSZqtj8TtXHr-CqOOhB-Mw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamnews.ru/news-6593.html">"Алимжан Орлов: Нижегородские татары - Потомки древней Мещеры"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+-+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamnews.ru%2Fnews-6593.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fasmer, Maks: <i>Etimologitšeski slovar russkogo jazyka, tom 2</i>, p. 616, 630. Moskva: Progress, 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКадимовна2016" class="citation journal cs1">Кадимовна, Салахова Эльмира (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problema-proishozhdeniya-tatar-misharey-i-teptyarey-v-trudah-g-n-ahmarova">"Проблема происхождения татар-мишарей и тептярей в трудах Г. Н. Ахмарова"</a>. <i>Историческая этнология</i>. <b>1</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">349–</span>362. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2587-9286">2587-9286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%93.+%D0%9D.+%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E349-%3C%2Fspan%3E362&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=2587-9286&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fproblema-proishozhdeniya-tatar-misharey-i-teptyarey-v-trudah-g-n-ahmarova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Narody mira: Narody jevropeiskoi tšasti SSSR, II</i>, p. 638. Moskva: Nauka, 1964.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, pp. 33-34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Narody jevropeiskoi tšasti SSSR II</i>, s. 636. Moskva: Nauka, 1964.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halikov, A. H. 1991: Tataarit, keitä te olette? Suomeksi tekijän täydentämänä toimittaneet Ymär Daher ja Lauri Kotiniemi. Abdulla Tukain Kulttuuriseura r.y.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tatarica.org/ru/razdely/narody/tatary/etnicheskie-gruppy-tatar/mishari">"Мишари"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftatarica.org%2Fru%2Frazdely%2Fnarody%2Ftatary%2Fetnicheskie-gruppy-tatar%2Fmishari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRorlich1986" class="citation web cs1">Rorlich, Azade-Ayshe (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groznijat.tripod.com/fadlan/rorlich1.html">"Excerpts from "The Volga Tatars, a Profile in National Resilience"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Excerpts+from+%22The+Volga+Tatars%2C+a+Profile+in+National+Resilience%22&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Rorlich&rft.aufirst=Azade-Ayshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroznijat.tripod.com%2Ffadlan%2Frorlich1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVovina2006" class="citation web cs1">Vovina, Olessia (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/rss/34-3_255.pdf">"Islam and the Creation of Sacred Space: The Mishar Tatars in Chuvashia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Creation+of+Sacred+Space%3A+The+Mishar+Tatars+in+Chuvashia&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Vovina&rft.aufirst=Olessia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblicalstudies.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Frss%2F34-3_255.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2001" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Allen J. 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BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11975-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11975-2"><bdi>90-04-11975-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Religious+Institutions+in+Imperial+Russia%3A+The+Islamic+World+of+Novouzensk+District+and+the+Kazakh+Inner+Horde%2C+1780-1910&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=90-04-11975-2&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Allen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DudUR_uKyE1kC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFОрлов" class="citation web cs1">Орлов, Алимжан. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608184702/http://kitap.net.ru/orlov1.php">"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы: Глава I. Поиск истоков: находки и проблемы"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kitap.net.ru/orlov1.php">the original</a> on 2012-06-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%3A+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B%3A+%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+I.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B.&rft.aulast=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkitap.net.ru%2Forlov1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tatarica.org/tat/razdely/narody/tatary/etnik-trkemnr/mishrlr">"Мишәрләр"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftatarica.org%2Ftat%2Frazdely%2Fnarody%2Ftatary%2Fetnik-trkemnr%2Fmishrlr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Narody jevropeiskoi tšasti SSSR II</i>, pp. 638, 640. Moskva: Nauka, 1964.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tatar.yuldash.com/eng_tatary.html">"The Tatars in Mordovia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tatars+in+Mordovia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftatar.yuldash.com%2Feng_tatary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Narody Rossii: entsiklopedija</i>, p. 322. Moskva: Bolšaja Rossijskaja entsiklopedija, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85270-082-7" title="Special:BookSources/5-85270-082-7">5-85270-082-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalakhova2016" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Salakhova, Elmira K. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicalethnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/%D0%98%D0%AD-2016-2-349-362.pdf"><bdi lang="ru">ПРОБЛЕМА ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ТАТАР-МИШАРЕЙ И ТЕПТЯРЕЙ В ТРУДАХ Г.Н. АХМАРОВА</bdi></a> [The origin of Mishar Tatars and Teptyars in the work of G. N. Akhmarov] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Historical Ethnology</i> (in Russian). <b>1</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>: State-funded institution Shigabutdin Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences: 349. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2619-1636">2619-1636</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Ethnology&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%90+%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%96%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A0-%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A8%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%99+%D0%98+%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%9F%D0%A2%D0%AF%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%99+%D0%92+%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%94%D0%90%D0%A5+%D0%93.%D0%9D.+%D0%90%D0%A5%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%90&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=349&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=2619-1636&rft.aulast=Salakhova&rft.aufirst=Elmira+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoricalethnology.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F11%2F%25D0%2598%25D0%25AD-2016-2-349-362.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger (Salavat Ishakov) 1996, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Z. Zekiyev <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkiyat.selcuk.edu.tr/pdfdergi/s19/toker.pdf">Mişerler, Başkurtlar ve dilleri / Mishers, Bashkirs and their languages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408212715/http://www.turkiyat.selcuk.edu.tr/pdfdergi/s19/toker.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. In <i>Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi</i> 73–86 <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFОрлов" class="citation web cs1">Орлов, Алимжан. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608185032/http://kitap.net.ru/orlov3.php">"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы: Маджары и мещера – кипчакские племена"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kitap.net.ru/orlovzakl.php">the original</a> on 2012-06-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%3A+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B%3A+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&rft.aulast=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkitap.net.ru%2Forlovzakl.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Рахимзянов Б. 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М. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/ru/content/nizhegorodskie-tatary-etnicheskie-korni-i-istoricheskie-sudby-0">"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%3A+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B&rft.aulast=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90.+%D0%9C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fxn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai%2Fru%2Fcontent%2Fnizhegorodskie-tatary-etnicheskie-korni-i-istoricheskie-sudby-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mirfatyh_Zakiev" title="Mirfatyh Zakiev">Mirfatyh Zakiev</a>. (1995) <i>ETHNIC ROOTS of the TATAR PEOPLE</i>. In: <i>TATARS: PROBLEMS of the HISTORY and LANGUAGE</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кушкумбаев А.К. «По Преданиям древних они знают, что те венгры произошли от них…» К вопросу о восточных мадьярах. 3. 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Kazan. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issues+of+early+ethnic+history+of+the+Hungarians-Magyars&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Povolzhskaya+Arkheologiya.+%E2%84%961+%2811%29.+Kazan&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Rastoropov&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F24520640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Шушарин, В. П. Ранний этап этнической истории венгров. Проблемы этнического самосознания. Москва, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olga V. Zelencova ’Magyar’ jellegű övdíszek Volga menti finn nyelvű népek temetőiből a Volga jobb partvidékéről. 3. NEMZETKÖZI KORAI MAGYARTÖRTÉNETI ÉS RÉGÉSZETIKONFERENCIA, Budapest 2018.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-9987-35-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-9987-35-7">978-963-9987-35-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Серебренников Б.А. Исторические загадки // Советское финноугроведение. –1984. – № 3. – Москва: Наука. – p. 69–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Kefeli: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.international.ucla.edu/cnes/article/123623">"Tatar"</a>, <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Center_for_Near_East_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA Center for Near East Studies">UCLA Center for Near East Studies</a>. [Published: Wednesday, January 11, 2012]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10085556">"Публикация ННР О языке куманов: По поводу издания куманского словаря"</a>. <i>books.e-heritage.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=books.e-heritage.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%A0+%D0%9E+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%9F%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.e-heritage.ru%2Fbook%2F10085556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jazyki Rossijskoi Federatsii i sosednih gosudarstv. Tom 3, p. 68. Moskva: Nauka, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-02-011237-2" title="Special:BookSources/5-02-011237-2">5-02-011237-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jazyki mira: Tjurkskije jazyki, p. 371. Moskva: Indrik, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85759-061-2" title="Special:BookSources/5-85759-061-2">5-85759-061-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bedretdin, Kadriye (toim.): <i>Tugan Tel - Kirjoituksia Suomen tataareista</i>. Helsinki: Suomen Itämainen Seura, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-9380-78-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-9380-78-0">978-951-9380-78-0</a>. (p. 265).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 35-37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Махмутова Л. Т. Опыт исследования тюркских диалектов: мишарский диалект татарского языка. — М.: Наука, 1978,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, pp. 35-37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Р. Г. Мухамедова "Татары-мишари. Историко-этнографическое исследование. — М.: Наука, 1972.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristó, G. <i>Hungarian History in the Ninth Century</i>. (<span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">Szegedi Középkorász Műhely</i></span>, 1996). Cited in Neparáczki, E., Maróti, Z., Kalmár, T. <i>et al.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53105-5">"Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i> <b>9</b>, 16569 (2019). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-53105-5">10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, pp. 10 (Ishakov), 34 (Leitzinger)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamrf.ru/news/culture/mosaique/2175">"Нижегородские татары в XXI веке"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B2+XXI+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamrf.ru%2Fnews%2Fculture%2Fmosaique%2F2175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:10_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 8-9 (Salavat Ishkhakov)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, pp. 8 (Ishakov), 35 (Leitzinger)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitzinger 1996, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ovovrag.ru/lyudi-iz-ovechego-ovraga/">"Люди из Овечего Оврага"</a>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%22%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B+%E2%80%93+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%22&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-gazeta.ru%2Farticle%2F325731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" 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Helsinki: Suomen Itämainen Seura, 2011. ISBN 978-951-9380-78-0. (preface)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tatobzor.ru/nizhegorodskie-tatary-kto-oni">"Нижегородские татары кто они?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftatobzor.ru%2Fnizhegorodskie-tatary-kto-oni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkmetdinov" class="citation web cs1">Akmetdinov, Ruslan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tatargenealogy.ru/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Projects to preserve the history and culture of the Nizhny Novgorod Tatars" (in Russian)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Projects+to+preserve+the+history+and+culture+of+the+Nizhny+Novgorod+Tatars%22+%28in+Russian%29&rft.aulast=Akmetdinov&rft.aufirst=Ruslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftatargenealogy.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMishar+Tatars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<li>Tomsk</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars"><b>Volga</b></a> <ul><li>Kazan <ul><li>Noqrat</li> <li>Ostyak</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mishar Tatars</a></li> <li>Qasim</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_peoples437" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_peoples" title="Template talk:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_peoples437" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Azerbaijani communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgian Azerbaijanis</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Western Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Javanshir_Qizilbash" title="Javanshir Qizilbash">Javanshir Qizilbash</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kazakh communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kyrgyz communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Tajikistan">Tajik Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Kyrgyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Kyrgyz">Van Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkmen<sup>1</sup> communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish communities<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Gajal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajal">Gajal</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tahtac%C4%B1" title="Tahtacı">Tahtacıs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algerian Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cypriot Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egyptian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Turkmen" title="Israeli Turkmen">Israeli Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Turkmen" title="Lebanese Turkmen">Lebanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libyan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Macedonian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegrin Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestinian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romanian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic peoples <br /> in Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Chinese Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk people">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tor_Uyghurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Uyghurs">Tor Uyghurs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Crimea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turks" title="Chaharmahali Turks">Chaharmahali Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koibal_people" title="Koibal people">Koibal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a></small></li> <li><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mishar Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tozhu_Tuvans" title="Tozhu Tuvans">Tozhu Tuvans</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Mongolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khotons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukha_people" title="Dukha people">Dukha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic minorities in <br /> Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Timuri" title="Timuri">Timuri</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karategin_Uzbeks" title="Karategin Uzbeks">Karategin Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Europe <br /> <small>(exc. Russia)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria">Bulgarian Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alat_tribe" title="Alat tribe">Alat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az_people" title="Az people">Az</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmyl" title="Basmyl">Basmyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsils" title="Barsils">Barsils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berendei" title="Berendei">Berendei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Black Klobuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolu" title="Duolu">Duolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esegel" title="Esegel">Esegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangly" title="Kangly">Kangly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Sir-K%C4%B1vchak" title="Sir-Kıvchak">Sir-Kıvchak</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurykans" title="Kurykans">Kurykans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushibi" title="Nushibi">Nushibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkomans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhsi" title="Tuhsi">Tuhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tork_people" title="Tork people">Torks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquz_Oghuz" title="Toquz Oghuz">Toquz Oghuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagma" title="Yagma">Yagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabaku" title="Yabaku">Yabaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal_people_(West_Asia)" title="Abdal people (West Asia)">Abdals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatar diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><sup>1</sup> Central Asian (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a>, distinct from Levantine (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a>) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. <sup>2</sup> In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> territories).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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