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href="#English_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>English translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Władysław Reymont</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="فواديسواف ريمونت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فواديسواف ريمونت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislav_Reymont" title="Vladislav Reymont – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vladislav Reymont" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ولادیسلاو ریمونت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ولادیسلاو ریمونت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ভ্লাডিস্লো রেইমন্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভ্লাডিস্লো রেইমন্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Уладзіслаў Рэймант – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уладзіслаў Рэймант" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Уладзіслаў Рэймант – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Уладзіслаў Рэймант" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Владислав Реймонт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Владислав Реймонт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%86_%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Βουαντίσουαφ Ρέιμοντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουαντίσουαφ Ρέιμοντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Stanisław Reymont – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Władysław Stanisław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladyslaw_Stanislaw_Reymont" title="Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ووادیسواف ریمونت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ووادیسواف ریمونت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EC%99%80%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%94%84_%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%AA%AC%ED%8A%B8" title="브와디스와프 레이몬트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브와디스와프 레이몬트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE_%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE_%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Վլադիսլավ Ստանիսլավ Ռայմոնտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վլադիսլավ Ստանիսլավ Ռայմոնտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="व्लाडिस्लाव रेमांट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्लाडिस्लाव रेमांट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98" title="ולדיסלב ריימונט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ולדיסלב ריימונט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ವ್ಲಾಡಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ರೇಮಾಂಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಲಾಡಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ರೇಮಾಂಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვლადისლავ რეიმონტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვლადისლავ რეიმონტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Владислав Станислав Реймонт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Владислав Станислав Реймонт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislaus_Reymont" title="Vladislaus Reymont – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vladislaus Reymont" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislavs_Rejmonts" title="Vladislavs Rejmonts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vladislavs Rejmonts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Владислав Рејмонт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Владислав Рејмонт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F" title="व्हादिस्वाफ रेमाँट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हादिस्वाफ रेमाँट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვლადისლავ რეიმონტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვლადისლავ რეიმონტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="فواديسواف ريمونت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فواديسواف ريمونت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ووادیسوف ریمونت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ووادیسوف ریمونت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%83%AF%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="ヴワディスワフ・レイモント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴワディスワフ・レイモント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4" title="ਵਲਾਦੀਸਲਾਵ ਰੇਮੌਂਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਲਾਦੀਸਲਾਵ ਰੇਮੌਂਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9" title="ولیڈیسلا ریمونٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیڈیسلا ریمونٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Реймонт, Владислав – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Реймонт, Владислав" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Stanisław Reymont – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Władysław Stanisław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Владислав Рејмонт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Владислав Рејмонт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Владыслав Реймонт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Владыслав Реймонт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Władysław Reymont" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Polish novelist (1867–1925)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Władysław Reymont</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wladyslaw_Reymont_1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reymont in 1924"><img alt="Reymont in 1924" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Wladyslaw_Reymont_1924.jpg/220px-Wladyslaw_Reymont_1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Wladyslaw_Reymont_1924.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Reymont in 1924</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Stanisław Władysław Rejment<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1867-05-07</span>)</span>7 May 1867<br /><a href="/wiki/Kobiele_Wielkie" title="Kobiele Wielkie">Kobiele Wielkie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">5 December 1925<span style="display:none">(1925-12-05)</span> (aged 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1896–1924</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Young_Poland" title="Young Poland">Young Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Promised_Land_(novel)" title="The Promised Land (novel)">The Promised Land</a></i> (1899)<br /><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peasants" title="The Peasants">The Peasants</a></i> (1904–1909)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> <br /> 1924 <br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont_podpis_z_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_Ch%C5%82opi_Tom_I,II_page005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont_podpis_z_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_Ch%C5%82opi_Tom_I%2CII_page005.jpg/150px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont_podpis_z_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_Ch%C5%82opi_Tom_I%2CII_page005.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont_podpis_z_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_Ch%C5%82opi_Tom_I%2CII_page005.jpg/225px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont_podpis_z_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_Ch%C5%82opi_Tom_I%2CII_page005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont_podpis_z_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_Ch%C5%82opi_Tom_I%2CII_page005.jpg/300px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont_podpis_z_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_Ch%C5%82opi_Tom_I%2CII_page005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Władysław Stanisław Reymont</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Polish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[vwaˈdɨswaf<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈrɛjmɔnt]</a></span>; born <b>Rejment</b>; 7 May 1867 – 5 December 1925) was a <a href="/wiki/Polish_literature" title="Polish literature">Polish novelist</a> and the laureate of the <a href="/wiki/1924_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1924 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924 Nobel Prize in Literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His best-known work is the award-winning four-volume novel <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%82opi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chłopi">Chłopi</a></i> (<i>The Peasants</i>). </p><p>Born into an impoverished <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">noble</a> family, Reymont was educated to become a master <a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">tailor</a>, but instead worked as a gateman at a railway station and then as an actor in a troupe. His intensive travels and voyages encouraged him to publish <a href="/wiki/Short_stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Short stories">short stories</a>, with notions of <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">literary realism</a>. Reymont's first successful and widely praised novel was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Promised_Land_(novel)" title="The Promised Land (novel)">The Promised Land</a></i> from 1899, which brought attention to the bewildering social inequalities, poverty, conflictive multiculturalism and <a href="/wiki/Labour_exploitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour exploitation">labour exploitation</a> in the industrial city of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> (Lodz). The aim of the novel was to extensively emphasize the consequences of extreme <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a> and how it affects <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a> as a whole. In 1900, Reymont was severely injured in a railway accident, which halted his writing career until 1904 when he published the first part of <i>Chłopi</i>. </p><p>Władysław Reymont was popular in <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">communist Poland</a> due to his style of writing and the <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">symbolism</a> he used, including <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> concepts, romantic portrayal of the <a href="/wiki/Farmland" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmland">agrarian</a> countryside and toned <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">criticism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, all present in literary realism. His work is widely attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Young_Poland" title="Young Poland">Young Poland</a> movement, which featured <a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">decadence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">literary impressionism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surname">Surname</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Surname"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reymont's baptism certificate gives his birth name as Stanisław Władysław Rejment. The change of surname from "Rejment" to "Reymont" was made by the author himself during his publishing debut, as it was supposed to protect him, in the Russian sector of <a href="/wiki/Partitioned_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitioned Poland">partitioned Poland</a>, from any potential trouble for having already published in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Central_Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia (Central Europe)">Austrian Galicia</a> a work not allowed under the Tsar's censorship. <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Wyka" title="Kazimierz Wyka">Kazimierz Wyka</a>, an enthusiast of Reymont's work, believes that the alteration could also have been intended to remove any association with the word <i>rejmentować</i>, which in some local Polish dialects means "to swear". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reymont was born in the village of <a href="/wiki/Kobiele_Wielkie" title="Kobiele Wielkie">Kobiele Wielkie</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Radomsko" title="Radomsko">Radomsko</a>, as one of the nine children of Józef Rejment, an organist. His mother, Antonina Kupczyńska, had a talent for story-telling. She descended from the impoverished <a href="/wiki/Polish_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish nobility">Polish nobility</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> region. Reymont spent his childhood in <a href="/wiki/Tuszyn" title="Tuszyn">Tuszyn</a>, near <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, to which his father had moved to work at a wealthier church parish. Reymont was defiantly stubborn; after a few years of education in the local school, he was sent by his father to <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> into the care of his eldest sister and her husband to teach him his vocation. In 1885, after passing his examinations and presenting "a tail-coat, well-made", he was given the title of journeyman tailor, his only formal certificate of education.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To his family's annoyance, Reymont did not work a single day as a tailor. Instead, he first ran away to work in a travelling provincial theatre and then returned in the summer to Warsaw for the "garden theatres". Without a penny to his name, he then returned to Tuszyn after a year, and, thanks to his father's connections, he took up employment as a gateman at a railway crossing near <a href="/wiki/Koluszki" title="Koluszki">Koluszki</a> for 16 rubles a month. He ran away twice more: in 1888 to Paris and London as a medium with a German spiritualist<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then again to join a theatre troupe. After his lack of success (he was not a talented actor), he returned home again. Reymont also stayed for a time in <a href="/wiki/Krosnowa" title="Krosnowa">Krosnowa</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lipce_Reymontowskie" title="Lipce Reymontowskie">Lipce</a> and for a time considered joining the <a href="/wiki/The_Order_of_Saint_Paul_the_First_Hermit" class="mw-redirect" title="The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit">Pauline Order</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a>. He also lived in <a href="/wiki/Gmina_Ko%C5%82aczkowo" title="Gmina Kołaczkowo">Kołaczkowo</a>, where he bought a mansion.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wladyslaw_Reymont_1897_(71364799)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wladyslaw_Reymont_1897_%2871364799%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-Wladyslaw_Reymont_1897_%2871364799%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wladyslaw_Reymont_1897_%2871364799%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/188px-Wladyslaw_Reymont_1897_%2871364799%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wladyslaw_Reymont_1897_%2871364799%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Wladyslaw_Reymont_1897_%2871364799%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3286" data-file-height="3343" /></a><figcaption>Reymont</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rekopis_Chlopi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Rekopis_Chlopi.jpg/150px-Rekopis_Chlopi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Rekopis_Chlopi.jpg/225px-Rekopis_Chlopi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Rekopis_Chlopi.jpg/300px-Rekopis_Chlopi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5585" data-file-height="6803" /></a><figcaption>Manuscript of opening of <i>The Peasants: Autumn</i></figcaption></figure> <p>When his <i>Korespondencje</i> (<i>Correspondence</i>) from <a href="/wiki/Rog%C3%B3w,_Brzeziny_County" title="Rogów, Brzeziny County">Rogów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koluszki" title="Koluszki">Koluszki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skierniewice" title="Skierniewice">Skierniewice</a> was accepted for publication by <i>Głos</i> (<i>The Voice</i>) in Warsaw in 1892, he returned to Warsaw, with several unpublished short stories and just a few rubles. Reymont visited the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, and eventually met other writers who became interested in his talent including Świętochowski. In 1894 he went on an eleven-day pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a> and turned his experience there into a report entitled "Pielgrzymka do Jasnej Góry" (Pilgrimage to the <a href="/wiki/Jasna_G%C3%B3ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasna Góra">Luminous Mount</a>) published in 1895, and considered his classic example of travel writing.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rejmont sent his short stories to different magazines and, encouraged by good reviews, decided to write novels: <i>Komediantka</i> (<i>The Deceiver</i>) (1895) and <i>Fermenty</i> (<i>Ferments</i>) (1896). No longer poor, he would soon satisfy his passion for travel, visiting Berlin, London, Paris, and Italy. Then, he spent a few months in Łódź collecting material for a new novel ordered by the <i>Kurier Codzienny</i> (<i>The Daily Courier</i>) from Warsaw. The earnings from this book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Promised_Land_(novel)" title="The Promised Land (novel)">Ziemia Obiecana</a></i> (<i>The Promised Land</i>) (1899) enabled him to go on his next trip to France where he socialized with other exiled Poles (<a href="/wiki/Jan_Lorentowicz" title="Jan Lorentowicz">Jan Lorentowicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_%C5%BBeromski" title="Stefan Żeromski">Żeromski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Przybyszewski" title="Stanisław Przybyszewski">Przybyszewski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucjan_Rydel" title="Lucjan Rydel">Lucjan Rydel</a>). </p><p>His earnings did not allow for this kind of life of travel. However, in 1900 he was awarded 40,000 rubles in compensation from the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw-Vienna_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw-Vienna Railway">Warsaw-Vienna Railway</a> after an accident in which Reymont was severely injured. During the treatment he was looked after by Aurelia Szacnajder Szabłowska, whom he married in 1902, having first paid for the annulment of her earlier marriage. Thanks to her discipline, he marginally restrained his travel-mania, but never gave up either his stays in France (where he partly wrote <i>Chłopi</i> between 1901 and 1908) or in <a href="/wiki/Zakopane" title="Zakopane">Zakopane</a>. Rejmont also journeyed to the United States in 1919 at the (Polish) government's expense. Despite his ambitions to become a landowner, which led to an unsuccessful attempt to manage an estate he bought in 1912 near <a href="/wiki/Sieradz" title="Sieradz">Sieradz</a>, the life of the land proved not to be for him. He would later buy a mansion in <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82aczkowo,_Wrze%C5%9Bnia_County" title="Kołaczkowo, Września County">Kołaczkowo</a> near <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a> in 1920, but still spent his winters in Warsaw or France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prize">Nobel Prize</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nobel Prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wyczolkowski-portretReymonta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wyczolkowski-portretReymonta.jpg/120px-Wyczolkowski-portretReymonta.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wyczolkowski-portretReymonta.jpg/180px-Wyczolkowski-portretReymonta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wyczolkowski-portretReymonta.jpg/240px-Wyczolkowski-portretReymonta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>Reymont, by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Wycz%C3%B3%C5%82kowski" title="Leon Wyczółkowski">Wyczółkowski</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1924 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature over rivals <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>, after he had been nominated by <a href="/wiki/Anders_%C3%96sterling" title="Anders Österling">Anders Österling</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public opinion in Poland supported this recognition for <a href="/wiki/Stefan_%C5%BBeromski" title="Stefan Żeromski">Stefan Żeromski</a>, but the prize went to the author of <i>Chłopi</i>. Żeromski was reportedly refused for his allegedly anti-German sentiments. However, Reymont could not take part in the award ceremony in Sweden due to a heart condition. The award and the check for 116,718 Swedish kronor were sent to Reymont in France, where he was being treated. </p><p>In 1925, somewhat recovered, he went to a farmers' meeting in <a href="/wiki/Wierzchos%C5%82awice,_Lesser_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Wierzchosławice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship">Wierzchosławice</a> near <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Wincenty Witos</a> welcomed him as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">Polish People's Party</a> "Piast" and praised his writing skills. Soon afterward, Reymont's health deteriorated. He died in Warsaw in December 1925 and was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Pow%C4%85zki_Cemetery" title="Powązki Cemetery">Powązki Cemetery</a>. The urn holding his heart was laid in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in Warsaw. </p><p>Reymont's literary output includes about 30 extensive volumes of prose. There are works of reportage: <i>Pielgrzymka do Jasnej Góry</i> (<i>Pilgrimage to Jasna Góra</i>) (1894), <i>Z ziemi chełmskiej</i> (<i>From the Chełm Lands</i>) (1910 – about the persecutions of the Uniates), <i>Z konstytucyjnych dni</i> (<i>From the Days of the Constitution</i>) (about the revolution of 1905). Also, there are some sketches from the collection <i>Za frontem</i> (<i>Beyond the Front</i>) (1919) and numerous short stories on life in the theatre and the village or on the railway: "Śmierć" ("Death") (1893), "Suka" ("Bitch") (1894), "Przy robocie" ("At Work") and "W porębie" ("In the Clearing") (1895), "Tomek Baran" (1897), "Sprawiedliwie" ("Justly") (1899) and a sketch for a novel <i>Marzyciel</i> (<i>Dreamer</i>) (1908). There are also novels: <i>Komediantka</i>, <i>Fermenty</i>, <i>Ziemia obiecana</i>, <i>Chłopi</i>, <i>Wampir</i> (<i>The Vampire</i>) (1911), which were sceptically received by the critics, and a trilogy written in the years 1911–1917: <i>Rok 1794</i> (<i>1794</i>) (<i>Ostatni Sejm Rzeczypospolitej</i>, <i>Nil desperandum</i> and <i>Insurekcja</i>) (<i>The Last Parliament of the Commonwealth</i>, <i>Nil desperandum</i> and <i>Insurrection</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_books">Major books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Major books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malczewski_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Malczewski_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont.jpg/220px-Malczewski_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Malczewski_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont.jpg/330px-Malczewski_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Malczewski_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont.jpg/440px-Malczewski_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption><i>Portrait of Władysław Reymont</i>, 1905, by <a href="/wiki/Jacek_Malczewski" title="Jacek Malczewski">Jacek Malczewski</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Critics admit a number of similarities between Reymont and the <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(literature)" title="Naturalism (literature)">Naturalists</a>. They stress that this was not a "borrowed" Naturalism but rather a record of life as experienced by the writer. Moreover, Reymont never formulated an aesthetic of his writing. In that, he resembled other Polish autodidacts such as <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Rej" title="Mikołaj Rej">Mikołaj Rej</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro">Aleksander Fredro</a>. With little higher education and inability to read another language, Reymont realized that it was his knowledge of grounded reality, not literary theory, that was his strong suit. </p><p>His novel <i>Komediantka</i> paints the drama of a rebellious girl from the provinces who joins a traveling theatre troupe and finds, instead of escape from the mendacity of her native surroundings, a nest of intrigue and sham. In <i>Fermenty</i>, a sequel to <i>Komediantka</i>, the heroine, rescued after a suicide attempt, returns to her family and accepts the burden of existence. Aware that dreams and ideas do not come true, she marries a <i><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveau riche</a></i> who is in love with her. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Promised_Land_(novel)" title="The Promised Land (novel)">Ziemia Obiecana</a></i> (<i>The Promised Land</i>), possibly Reymont's best-known novel, is a social panorama of the city of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> during the industrial revolution, full of dramatic detail, presented as an arena of the struggle for survival. In the novel, the city destroys those who accept the rules of the "rat race", as well as those who do not. The moral gangrene equally affects the three main characters, a German, a Jew, and a Pole. This dark vision of cynicism, illustrating the bestial qualities of men and the law of the jungle, where ethics, noble ideas and holy feelings turn against those who believe in them, are, as the author intended, at the same time a denunciation of industrialisation and urbanisation. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Promised_Land_(novel)" title="The Promised Land (novel)">Ziemia Obiecana</a></i> has been translated into at least 15 languages and two film adaptations—one in 1927, directed by A. Węgierski and A. Hertz, the other, in 1975, directed by <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a>. </p><p>In <i>Chłopi</i>, Reymont created a more complete and suggestive picture of country life than any other Polish writer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The novel impresses the reader with its authenticity of the material reality, customs, behaviour and spiritual culture of the people. It is authentic and written in the local dialect. Reymont uses dialect in dialogues and in narration, creating a kind of a universal language of Polish peasants. Thanks to this, he presents the colourful reality of the "spoken" culture of the people better than any other author.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He set the action in Lipce, a real village which he came to know during his work on the railway near Skierniewice, and restricted the time of events to ten months in the unspecified "now" of the 19th century. It is not history that determines the rhythm of country life, but the "unspecified time" of eternal returns. The composition of the novel astonishes the reader with its strict simplicity and functionality. </p><p>The titles of the volumes signal a tetralogy in one vegetational cycle, which regulates the eternal and repeatable rhythm of village life. Parallel to that rhythm is a calendar of religion and customs, also repeatable. In such boundaries Reymont placed a colourful country community with sharply drawn individual portraits. The repertoire of human experience and the richness of spiritual life, which can be compared with the repertoire of <a href="/wiki/Biblical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical">Biblical</a> books and <a href="/wiki/Greek_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek myths">Greek myths</a>, has no doctrinal ideas or didactic exemplifications. The author does not believe in doctrines, but rather in his knowledge of life, the mentality of the people described, and his sense of reality. It is easy to point to moments of Naturalism (e.g., some erotic elements) or to illustrative motives characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a>. It is equally easy to prove the Realistic values of the novel. None of the "isms" however, would be enough to describe it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The novel was filmed twice (directed by E. Modzelewski in 1922 and by J. Rybkowski in 1973) and has been translated into at least 27 languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolt"><i>Revolt</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Revolt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Orwell_press_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/George_Orwell_press_photo.jpg/220px-George_Orwell_press_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/George_Orwell_press_photo.jpg/330px-George_Orwell_press_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/George_Orwell_press_photo.jpg/440px-George_Orwell_press_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="1594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Reymont's last book, <i>Bunt</i> (<i>Revolt</i>), serialized in 1922 and published in book form in 1924, describes a revolt by animals which take over their farm in order to introduce "equality". The revolt quickly degenerates into abuse and bloody terror. </p><p>The story was a metaphor for the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution of 1917">Revolution of 1917</a> and was banned from 1945 to 1989 in communist Poland, along with <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s similar novella, <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Farm" title="Animal Farm">Animal Farm</a></i> (published in Britain in 1945). Reymont's novel was reprinted in Poland in 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Władysław Stanisław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><i>Pielgrzymka do Jasnej Góry</i> (<i>A Pilgrimage to Jasna Góra</i>, 1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komediantka_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komediantka (book) (page does not exist)">Komediantka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komediantka_(powie%C5%9B%C4%87)" class="extiw" title="pl:Komediantka (powieść)">pl</a>]</span></i> (<i>The Deceiver</i>, 1896)</li> <li><i>Fermenty</i> (<i>Ferments</i>, 1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Promised_Land_(novel)" title="The Promised Land (novel)">Ziemia obiecana</a></i> (<i>The Promised Land</i>, 1898)</li> <li><i>Lili : żałosna idylla (Lily: A Pathetic Idyll 1899)</i></li> <li><i>Sprawiedliwie (Justly, 1899)</i></li> <li><i>Na Krawędzi: Opowiadania (On the Edge: Stories, 1907)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%82opi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chłopi">Chłopi</a></i> (<i>The Peasants</i>, 1904–1909), Nobel Prize for Literature, 1924</li> <li><i>Marzyciel</i> (<i>The Dreamer</i>, 1910),</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rok_1794&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rok 1794 (page does not exist)">Rok 1794</a></i> (1794, 1914–1919) <ul><li>Part I: <i>Ostatni Sejm Rzeczypospolitej</i> (<i>The Last <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a></i>)</li> <li>Part II: <i>Nil desperandum! </i> (<i>Never Despair!</i>)</li> <li>Part III: <i>Insurekcja</i> (<i>The Uprising</i>), about the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wampir_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wampir (book) (page does not exist)">Wampir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wampir_(powie%C5%9B%C4%87)" class="extiw" title="pl:Wampir (powieść)">pl</a>]</span> – powieść grozy</i> (<i>The Vampire</i>, 1911)</li> <li><i>Przysiega</i> (<i>Oaths</i>, 1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunt_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunt (book) (page does not exist)">Bunt</a></i> (<i>The Revolt</i>, 1924)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_translations">English translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: English translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Comédienne (Komediantka)</i> translated by Edmund Obecny (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peasants" title="The Peasants">The Peasants</a> (Chłopi)</i> translated by Michael Henry Dziewicki (1924–1925); translated by Anna Zaranko (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Promised_Land_(novel)" title="The Promised Land (novel)">The Promised Land</a> (Ziemia obiecana)</i> translated by Michael Henry Dziewicki (1927)</li> <li><i>Polish Folklore Stories</i> (1944)</li> <li><i>Burek The Dog That Followed the Lord Jesus and Other Stories</i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Pilgrimage_to_Jasna_G%C3%B3ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Pilgrimage to Jasna Góra (page does not exist)">A Pilgrimage to Jasna Góra</a></i> (<i>Pielgrzymka do Jasnej Góry</i>) translated by Filip Mazurczak (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Revolt_of_the_Animals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Revolt of the Animals (page does not exist)">The Revolt of the Animals</a></i> (<i>Bunt</i>) translated by Charles S. Kraszewski (2022)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 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href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize-1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1924/">"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1924. Wladyslaw Reymont"</a>. The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature+1924.+Wladyslaw+Reymont&rft.pub=The+Official+Web+Site+of+the+Nobel+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1924%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Reymont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize-2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWladyslaw_Reymont" class="citation web cs1">Wladyslaw Reymont. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1924/reymont-autobio.html">"Autobiography"</a>. The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2012</span>. <q>This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series <i>Les Prix Nobel</i>. It was later edited and republished in <i>Nobel Lectures</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autobiography&rft.pub=The+Official+Web+Site+of+the+Nobel+Prize&rft.au=Wladyslaw+Reymont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1924%2Freymont-autobio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Reymont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://culture.pl/en/article/reymont-in-london-a-writers-spiritualistic-adventures">"Reymont in London: A Writer's Spiritualistic Adventures"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reymont+in+London%3A+A+Writer%27s+Spiritualistic+Adventures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fculture.pl%2Fen%2Farticle%2Freymont-in-london-a-writers-spiritualistic-adventures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Reymont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=6109">"Nomination Archive"</a>. April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomination+Archive&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Farchive%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D6109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Reymont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stanis%C5%82aw_Reymont" class="extiw" title="commons:Władysław Stanisław Reymont"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Władysław Stanisław Reymont</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/594">Władysław Reymont</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121180#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/reymont.html">Reymont pages at University of Buffalo's Polish Info Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culture.pl/en/artist/wladyslaw-stanislaw-reymont">Władysław Stanislaw Reymont</a> at Culture.pl</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/31559">Works by Władysław Reymont</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noblib.internet-box.ch/NLEW.php?authorid=24">List of Works</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%20Stanisław%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%20S%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Reymont%2C%20W%2E%20S%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Władysław%20Stanisław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Władysław%20S%2E%20Reymont%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22W%2E%20S%2E%20Reymont%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Władysław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Władysław%20Stanisław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Władysław%20S%2E%20Reymont%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22W%2E%20S%2E%20Reymont%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22W%2E%20Stanisław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%20Stanisław%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%20S%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Reymont%2C%20W%2E%20S%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Reymont%2C%20W%2E%20Stanisław%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Władysław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Władysław%20Stanisław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Władysław%20S%2E%20Reymont%22%20OR%20title%3A%22W%2E%20S%2E%20Reymont%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Władysław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Władysław%20Stanisław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Władysław%20S%2E%20Reymont%22%20OR%20description%3A%22W%2E%20S%2E%20Reymont%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%20Stanisław%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%20S%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Władysław%20Reymont%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Reymont%2C%20Władysław%22%20OR%20%28W%2Aadys%2Aaw%20Reymont%29%29%20OR%20%28%221867-1925%22%20AND%20Reymont%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Władysław Reymont</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2908">Works by Władysław Reymont</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121180#P1899" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1901 Nobel Prize in Literature">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1902_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1902 Nobel Prize in Literature">1902</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1903_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1903 Nobel Prize in Literature">1903</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1906_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1906 Nobel Prize in Literature">1906</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1907_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1907 Nobel Prize in Literature">1907</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1908_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1908 Nobel Prize in Literature">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1909_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1909 Nobel Prize in Literature">1909</a>: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1910_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1910 Nobel Prize in Literature">1910</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1911_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1911 Nobel Prize in Literature">1911</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1912 Nobel Prize in Literature">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1913_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1913 Nobel Prize in Literature">1913</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1914_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1914 Nobel Prize in Literature">1914</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1915_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1915 Nobel Prize in Literature">1915</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1916_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1916 Nobel Prize in Literature">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1917_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1917 Nobel Prize in Literature">1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1918_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1918 Nobel Prize in Literature">1918</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1919_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1919 Nobel Prize in Literature">1919</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1920_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1920 Nobel Prize in Literature">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1921_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1921 Nobel Prize in Literature">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1922 Nobel Prize in Literature">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Władysław Reymont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1925_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1925 Nobel Prize in Literature">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1927_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1927 Nobel Prize in Literature">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1928_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1928 Nobel Prize in Literature">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1930_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1930 Nobel Prize in Literature">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1931_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1931 Nobel Prize in Literature">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (<i>posthumously</i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1932_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1932 Nobel Prize in Literature">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1934_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1934 Nobel Prize in Literature">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1935_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1935 Nobel Prize in Literature">1935</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1937_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1937 Nobel Prize in Literature">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1938_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1938 Nobel Prize in Literature">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1939 Nobel Prize in Literature">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1940_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1940 Nobel Prize in Literature">1940</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1941_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1941 Nobel Prize in Literature">1941</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1942_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1942 Nobel Prize in Literature">1942</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1943_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1943 Nobel Prize in Literature">1943</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1944_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1944 Nobel Prize in Literature">1944</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1945_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1945 Nobel Prize in Literature">1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1946 Nobel Prize in Literature">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1948 Nobel Prize in Literature">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1950_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1950 Nobel Prize in Literature">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1952_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1952 Nobel Prize in Literature">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1953_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1953 Nobel Prize in Literature">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1954_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1954 Nobel Prize in Literature">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1955_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1955 Nobel Prize in Literature">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1956_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1956 Nobel Prize in Literature">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1957 Nobel Prize in Literature">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1958_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1958 Nobel Prize in Literature">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1960 Nobel Prize in Literature">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1961_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1961 Nobel Prize in Literature">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1962_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1962 Nobel Prize in Literature">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1963_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1963 Nobel Prize in Literature">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1964 Nobel Prize in Literature">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (declined award)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1965 Nobel Prize in Literature">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1966 Nobel Prize in Literature">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1967 Nobel Prize in Literature">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1970 Nobel Prize in Literature">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1971 Nobel Prize in Literature">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1973 Nobel Prize in Literature">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1976_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1976 Nobel Prize in Literature">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1979_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1979 Nobel Prize in Literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1980_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1980 Nobel Prize in Literature">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1981_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1981 Nobel Prize in Literature">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1982 Nobel Prize in Literature">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1984_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1984 Nobel Prize in Literature">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1985_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1985 Nobel Prize in Literature">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1987 Nobel Prize in Literature">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1988_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1988 Nobel Prize in Literature">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1989_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1989 Nobel Prize in Literature">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1990 Nobel Prize in Literature">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1991 Nobel Prize in Literature">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1993 Nobel Prize in Literature">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1996 Nobel Prize in Literature">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1997 Nobel Prize in Literature">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1998 Nobel Prize in Literature">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2000 Nobel Prize in Literature">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2001 Nobel Prize in Literature">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2004 Nobel Prize in Literature">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2009 Nobel Prize in Literature">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2010 Nobel Prize in Literature">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2012 Nobel Prize in Literature">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2013 Nobel Prize in Literature">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2015 Nobel Prize in Literature">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2018 Nobel Prize in Literature">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2020 Nobel Prize in Literature">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2021 Nobel Prize in Literature">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2022 Nobel Prize in Literature">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2023 Nobel Prize in Literature">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2024 Nobel Prize in Literature">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1924_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1924_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1924 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1924_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1924 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1924_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1924 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1924_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1924 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>None</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1924 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Władysław Reymont</a> (Poland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>None</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a> (Sweden)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Willem Einthoven</a> (Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1919_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1919 Nobel Prize winners">1919</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1920_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1920 Nobel Prize winners">1920</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1921_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1921 Nobel Prize winners">1921</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1922_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1922 Nobel Prize winners">1922</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1923_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1923 Nobel Prize winners">1923</a></dd> <dd><b>1924 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1925_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1925 Nobel Prize winners">1925</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1926_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1926 Nobel Prize winners">1926</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1927_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1927 Nobel Prize winners">1927</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1928_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1928 Nobel Prize winners">1928</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1929_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1929 Nobel Prize winners">1929</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121180#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000115876441">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4935777">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/19327/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj8VjMrxFxHXvKWRw8Bfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11878854X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50075843">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11921719v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11921719v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00550870">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reymont, Wladysław Stanisław"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV036816">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35789823">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990006988&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000133851&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4660325">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068893310">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90696401">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000080275&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000098099&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000082573">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200505211">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr574kqc0fgq15q">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810547042705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/15955">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267022405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513227206706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13914396">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06657303?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1088855">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11878854X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11878854X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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