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<li id="toc-Predecessors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predecessors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Predecessors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predecessors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low_whistle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_whistle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Low whistle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_whistle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_tin_whistle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_tin_whistle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modern tin whistle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_tin_whistle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tuning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tuning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tuning subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tuning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whistle_keys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whistle_keys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Whistle keys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whistle_keys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low_whistle_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_whistle_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Low whistle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_whistle_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Playing technique</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Playing_technique-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Playing technique subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Playing_technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fingering_and_range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fingering_and_range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fingering and range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fingering_and_range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ornamentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ornamentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ornamentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ornamentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_tricks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_tricks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Some tricks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_tricks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repertoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repertoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Repertoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Repertoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Repertoire subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Repertoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Irish_and_Scottish_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irish_and_Scottish_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Irish and Scottish music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irish_and_Scottish_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kwela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kwela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Other music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standard_musical_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_musical_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Standard musical notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_musical_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ABC_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ABC_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>ABC notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ABC_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Well-known_performers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Well-known_performers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Well-known performers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Well-known_performers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tin whistle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="صفارة القصدير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صفارة القصدير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistle" title="Whistle – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Whistle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsk%C3%A1_p%C3%AD%C5%A1%C5%A5alka" title="Irská píšťalka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irská píšťalka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blikfl%C3%B8jte" title="Blikfløjte – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blikfløjte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_Whistle" title="Tin Whistle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tin Whistle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flauta_irlandesa" title="Flauta irlandesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Flauta irlandesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanfajfilo" title="Stanfajfilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stanfajfilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blikkfloyta" title="Blikkfloyta – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Blikkfloyta" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin-whistle" title="Tin-whistle – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tin-whistle" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fead%C3%B3g_st%C3%A1in" title="Feadóg stáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Feadóg stáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feddan_stainnagh" title="Feddan stainnagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Feddan stainnagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feadag" title="Feadag – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Feadag" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B4_%ED%9C%98%EC%8A%AC" title="틴 휘슬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="틴 휘슬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC" title="Թին վիսլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թին վիսլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluit_timah" title="Peluit timah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peluit timah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חלילית אירית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלילית אירית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinwhistle" title="Tinwhistle – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tinwhistle" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blikfluite" title="Blikfluite – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Blikfluite" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AB" title="ティン・ホイッスル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティン・ホイッスル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_Whistle" title="Tin Whistle – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tin Whistle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blikkfl%C3%B8yte" title="Blikkfløyte – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blikkfløyte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blekkfl%C3%B8yte" title="Blekkfløyte – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Blekkfløyte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB" title="Вистл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вистл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapilli" title="Tinapilli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tinapilli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tin whistle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB" title="Вістл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вістл" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Tin whistle</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tin_Whistles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tin_Whistles.jpg/250px-Tin_Whistles.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tin_Whistles.jpg/375px-Tin_Whistles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tin_Whistles.jpg/500px-Tin_Whistles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Several high D tin whistles<br /> from left to right: Clarke Sweetone; Shaw (customised); O'Brien; Reyburn; Generation (customised); Copeland; Overton</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f4bf92"><a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">Woodwind instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Penny whistle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind">Woodwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">Wind instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">Aerophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_system_flute" title="Simple system flute">Simple system flute</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">421.221.12<br />(Open flute with internal duct and fingerholes)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f4bf92"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Playing range</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> Two octaves</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f4bf92"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_flute" title="Irish flute">Irish flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_and_tabor" title="Pipe and tabor">Pipe and tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fife (musical instrument)">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flageolet" title="Flageolet">Flageolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">Recorder</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>tin whistle</b>, also known as the <b>penny whistle</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a simple six-holed <a href="/wiki/Woodwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind">woodwind</a> instrument. It is a type of <a href="/wiki/Fipple_flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Fipple flute">fipple flute</a>, putting it in the same class as the <a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">recorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_flute" title="Native American flute">Native American flute</a>, and other woodwind instruments that meet such criteria. A tin whistle player is called a whistler. The tin whistle is closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish traditional music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic music</a>. Other names for the instrument are the <b>flageolet</b>, <b>English flageolet</b>, <b>Scottish penny whistle</b>, <b>tin flageolet</b>, or <b>Irish whistle</b> (also <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga"><b>feadóg stáin</b> or <b>feadóg</b></i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tin whistle in its modern form is from a wider family of <a href="/wiki/Fipple_flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Fipple flute">fipple flutes</a> which have been seen in many forms and cultures throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Europe, such instruments have a long and distinguished history and take various forms, of which the most widely known are the <a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">recorder</a>, tin whistle, <a href="/wiki/Flabiol" title="Flabiol">Flabiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txistu" title="Txistu">Txistu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pipe_and_tabor" title="Pipe and tabor">tabor pipe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predecessors">Predecessors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Predecessors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almost all early cultures had a type of fipple flute, and it is most likely the first pitched flute-type instrument in existence.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples found to date include a <a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_Flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Divje Babe Flute">possible Neanderthal fipple flute</a> from <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, which according to some scientists may date from 81,000 to 53,000 BC;<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a German flute from 35,000 years ago; and a flute, known as the Malham Pipe, made from sheep's bone in <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a> dating to the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (A revised dating of the Malham Pipe now places it within the early medieval period.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Written sources that describe a fipple-type flute include the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> tibia and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> aulos. In the early Middle Ages, peoples of northern Europe were playing the instrument as seen in 3rd-century <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> bone flutes,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Irish <a href="/wiki/Brehon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Brehon Law">Brehon Law</a> describes a flute-like instrument. By the 12th century, Italian flutes came in a variety of sizes,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fragments of 12th-century Norman bone whistles have been found in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, as well as an intact 14 cm Tusculum clay whistle from the 14th century in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. In the 17th century, whistles were called flageolets, a term to describe a whistle with a French-made fipple headpiece (common to the modern penny whistle); and such instruments are linked to the development of the English flageolet, French flageolet and recorders of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">baroque</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term flageolet is still preferred by some modern tin whistlers, who feel that this better describes the instrument, as the term characterises a wide variety of fipple flutes, including penny whistles.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern penny whistle is indigenous to <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular to England,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when factory-made "tin whistles" were produced by Robert Clarke from 1840 to 1889 in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, and later New Moston, England. Down to 1900, they were also marketed as "Clarke London Flageolets" or "Clarke Flageolets".<sup id="cite_ref-Dannatt_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dannatt-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whistle's <a href="/wiki/Fingering_(music)" title="Fingering (music)">fingering</a> system is similar to that of the six-hole, "<a href="/wiki/Irish_flute" title="Irish flute">simple system Irish flutes</a>" ("simple" in comparison to <a href="/wiki/Boehm_system" title="Boehm system">Boehm system</a> flutes). The six-hole, diatonic system is also used on <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">baroque</a> flutes, and was of course well-known before Robert Clarke began producing his tin whistles. Clarke's first whistle, the Meg, was pitched in high A, and was later made in other keys suitable for Victorian parlour music. The company showed the whistles in <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">The Great Exhibition</a> of 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-DannattCollection_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DannattCollection-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Clarke tin whistle is voiced somewhat on an organ-pipe with a flattened tube forming the lip of the fipple mouthpiece,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is usually made from rolled tin sheet or brass. They were mass-produced and widespread due to their relative affordability. </p><p>As the penny whistle was generally considered a toy,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been suggested that children or street musicians were paid a penny by those who heard them playing the whistle. However, in reality, the instrument was so called because it could be purchased for a penny.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "tin-whistle" was also coined as early as 1825<sup id="cite_ref-OED_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but neither the tin whistle nor the penny whistle name seems to have been common until the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument became popular in several musical traditions, namely: <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of England">English</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scottish</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Irish</a> and<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American</a> traditional music.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to its affordability, the tin whistle was a popular household instrument, as ubiquitous as the harmonica.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second half of the 19th century, some flute manufacturers such as Barnett Samuel and Joseph Wallis also sold whistles. These had cylindrical brass tubes. Like many old whistles, they had <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> fipple plugs, and since lead is <a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">poisonous</a>, caution should be exercised before playing an old whistle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Low_whistle">Low whistle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Low whistle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While whistles have most often been produced in higher pitches, the "low" whistle has historically been produced. The Museum of Fine Arts, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, has in its collection an example of a 19th-century low whistle from the <a href="/wiki/Galpin_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Galpin collection">Galpin collection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TinWhistlePage_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TinWhistlePage-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_tin_whistle">Modern tin whistle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern tin whistle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tinwhistles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Tinwhistles.jpg/220px-Tinwhistles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Tinwhistles.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary tin whistles in several keys</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:AllPlasticTinWhistle.ogg" title="File:AllPlasticTinWhistle.ogg">All Plastic Tin Whistle</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="AllPlasticTinWhistle.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/AllPlasticTinWhistle.ogg/AllPlasticTinWhistle.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/AllPlasticTinWhistle.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sample of music played on all plastic tin whistle in the key of D.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:MetalTinWhistleWoodenStop.ogg" title="File:MetalTinWhistleWoodenStop.ogg">Metal Tin Whistle with Wooden Stop</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="MetalTinWhistleWoodenStop.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/MetalTinWhistleWoodenStop.ogg/MetalTinWhistleWoodenStop.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/MetalTinWhistleWoodenStop.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sample of music played on key of D metal tin whistle with wooden stop.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:MetalTinWhistlePlastic_Fipple.ogg" title="File:MetalTinWhistlePlastic Fipple.ogg">Metal Tin Whistle with Plastic Fipple</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="6" data-mwtitle="MetalTinWhistlePlastic_Fipple.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/MetalTinWhistlePlastic_Fipple.ogg/MetalTinWhistlePlastic_Fipple.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/MetalTinWhistlePlastic_Fipple.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sample of music played on key of D metal tin whistle with plastic fipple.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The most common whistles today are made of <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Electroplating" title="Electroplating">nickel-plated</a> brass, with a <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> mouthpiece, which contains the <a href="/wiki/Fipple" title="Fipple">fipple</a>. Generation, Feadóg, Oak, Acorn, Soodlum's (now Walton's), and other brands fall in this category. </p><p>The Generation Whistle was introduced in 1966, and featured a brass tube with a lead fipple. Founded by businessman and engineer Alfred Brown in Oswestry, Shropshire, their most popular whistle, the Generation Flageolet, was introduced in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Generation_Whistles_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Generation_Whistles-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design was updated somewhat over the years, most notably the substitution of a plastic fipple for the lead fipple. </p><p>Although most whistles have a cylindrical bore, other designs exist, for example a conical sheet metal whistle with a wooden stop in the wide end to form the fipple, the Clarke's brand being the most prevalent. Other less common variants are the all-metal whistle, the <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">PVC</a> whistle, the Flanna square holed whistle, and the wooden whistle. </p><p>Gaining popularity as a folk instrument in the early 19th-century Celtic music revivals, penny whistles now play an integral part in several folk traditions. Whistles are a prevalent starting instrument in <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of England">English traditional music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scottish traditional music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Irish traditional music</a>, since they are usually inexpensive; relatively easy to play, free of tricky <a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">embouchure</a> such as found with the <a href="/wiki/Transverse_flute" title="Transverse flute">transverse flute</a>; and use fingerings are nearly identical to those on traditional six-holed flutes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Irish_flute" title="Irish flute">Irish flute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque flute">Baroque flute</a>. The tin whistle is a good starting instrument to learn the <a href="/wiki/Uilleann_pipes" title="Uilleann pipes">uilleann pipes</a>, which has similar finger technique, range of notes and repertoire. The tin whistle is the most popular instrument in Irish traditional music today.<sup id="cite_ref-VallelyCompanion_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VallelyCompanion-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, a number of instrument builders have started lines of "high-end" hand-made whistles, which can cost hundreds of US dollars each—expensive in comparison to cheap whistles, but nevertheless cheaper than most other instruments. These companies are typically either a single individual or a very small group of craftsmen who work closely together. The instruments are distinguished from the inexpensive whistles in that each whistle is individually manufactured and "voiced" by a skilled person rather than made in a factory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tuning">Tuning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tuning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whistle_keys">Whistle keys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Whistle keys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The whistle is <a href="/wiki/Musical_tuning" title="Musical tuning">tuned</a> <a href="/wiki/Diatonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatonic">diatonically</a>, which allows it to be used to easily play music in two major <a href="/wiki/Key_(music)" title="Key (music)">keys</a> a perfect fourth apart and the <a href="/wiki/Natural_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural minor">natural minor</a> key and <a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian mode</a> a major second above the lowest note. The whistle is identified by its lowest note, which is the <a href="/wiki/Tonic_(music)" title="Tonic (music)">tonic</a> of the lower of two <a href="/wiki/Major_scale" title="Major scale">major keys</a>. This method of determining the key of the instrument is different from the method used to determine the key of a <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">chromatic</a> instrument, which is based on the relationship between notes on a score and sounded pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-CFDeciphersKeys_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFDeciphersKeys-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whistles are available in all 12 chromatic keys; however, the most common whistles are pitched in D, followed by whistles in C and F, G, and then B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> and E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, with other keys being somewhat rarer.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The D whistle can easily play notes in the keys of D and G major. Since the D major key is lower these whistles are identified as <i>D whistles</i>. The next most common whistle tuning is a <i>C whistle</i>, which can easily play notes in the keys of C and F major. The D whistle is by far the most common choice for Irish and Scottish music. </p><p>Although the whistle is essentially a <a href="/wiki/Diatonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatonic">diatonic</a> instrument, it is possible to get notes outside the principal major key of the whistle, either by <i>half-holing</i> (partially covering the highest open finger hole) or by <i>cross-fingering</i> (covering some holes while leaving some higher ones open). However, half-holing is somewhat more difficult to do correctly, and whistles are available in all keys, so for other keys a whistler will typically use a different whistle instead, reserving half-holing for <a href="/wiki/Accidental_(music)" title="Accidental (music)">accidentals</a>. Some whistle designs allow a single mouthpiece to be used on differently keyed bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Low_whistle_2">Low whistle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Low whistle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Low_whistle" title="Low whistle">Low whistle</a></div> <p>During the 1960s revival of traditional Irish music, the low whistle was "recreated" by Bernard Overton at the request of <a href="/wiki/Finbar_Furey" title="Finbar Furey">Finbar Furey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LowWhistleBook_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LowWhistleBook-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are larger whistles which, by virtue of being longer and wider, produce tones an octave (or in rare cases two octaves) lower. Whistles in this category are likely to be made of metal or plastic tubing, sometimes with a tuning-slide head, and are almost always referred to as <i>low whistles</i> but sometimes called <i>concert whistles</i>. The low whistle operates on identical principles to the standard whistles, but musicians in the tradition may consider it a separate instrument. </p><p>The term <i>soprano whistle</i> is sometimes used for higher-pitched whistles when it is necessary to distinguish them from low whistles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playing_technique">Playing technique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Playing technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fingering_and_range">Fingering and range</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fingering and range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_man_demonstrating_a_tin_whistle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Young_man_demonstrating_a_tin_whistle.jpg/170px-Young_man_demonstrating_a_tin_whistle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Young_man_demonstrating_a_tin_whistle.jpg/255px-Young_man_demonstrating_a_tin_whistle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Young_man_demonstrating_a_tin_whistle.jpg/340px-Young_man_demonstrating_a_tin_whistle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1871" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption>Young man demonstrating the use of a tin whistle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tin_whistle_fingering_chart_in_D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tin_whistle_fingering_chart_in_D.png/220px-Tin_whistle_fingering_chart_in_D.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="479" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tin_whistle_fingering_chart_in_D.png/330px-Tin_whistle_fingering_chart_in_D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tin_whistle_fingering_chart_in_D.png/440px-Tin_whistle_fingering_chart_in_D.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="1464" /></a><figcaption>Fingering for the <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">diatonic scale</a> on a D tin whistle: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>VII, <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-natural">♮</span></span>VII, I' <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/27\/Tin_whistle_fingering_chart.mid\/Tin_whistle_fingering_chart.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play on D"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tin whistle fingering chart.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Tin_whistle_fingering_chart.mid/Tin_whistle_fingering_chart.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play on D</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tin_whistle_fingering_chart.mid" title="File:Tin whistle fingering chart.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The notes are selected by opening or closing holes with the fingers. Holes are typically covered with the pads of the fingers, but some players, particularly when negotiating the larger holes and spacing in <a href="/wiki/Low_whistle" title="Low whistle">low whistles</a>, may employ the "piper's grip". With all the holes closed, the whistle generates its lowest note. This lowest available note is commonly referred to as the whistle’s “bell tone”. Successively opening holes from the bottom upward produces the rest of the notes of the scale in sequence: with the lowest hole open it generates the second, with the lowest two holes open, it produces the third and so on. With all six holes open, it produces the seventh. </p><p>As with a number of woodwind instruments, the tin whistle's second and higher registers are achieved by increasing the air velocity into the ducted flue windway.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a transverse flute this is generally done by narrowing the lip/embouchure.<sup id="cite_ref-FluteAcoustics_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FluteAcoustics-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the size and direction of the tin whistle's windway is fixed, like that of the <a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">recorder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fipple" title="Fipple">fipple</a> flute, it is necessary to increase the velocity of the air stream. (See <a href="/wiki/Overblowing" title="Overblowing">overblowing</a>). </p><p>Fingering in the second register is generally the same as in the first/fundamental, though alternate fingerings are sometimes employed in the higher end of the registers to correct a flattening effect caused by higher air column velocity.<sup id="cite_ref-FingeringChart_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FingeringChart-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the tonic note of the second register is usually played with the top hole of the whistle partially uncovered instead of covering all holes as with the tonic note of the first register; this makes it harder to accidentally drop into the first register and helps to correct pitch. Recorders perform this by "pinching" open the dorsal thumb hole. </p><p>Various other notes (relatively flat or sharp with respect to those of the major scale) can be accessed by <i>cross fingering</i> techniques, and all the notes (except the lowest of each octave/register) can be flattened by <i>half holing</i>. Perhaps the most effective and most used cross fingering is that which produces a flattened form of the seventh note (B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> instead of B on a C whistle, for example, or C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-natural">♮</span></span> instead of C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> on a D whistle). This makes available another major scale (F on a C whistle, G on a D whistle). </p><p>The standard range of the whistle is two octaves. For a D whistle, this includes notes from D<sub>5</sub> to D<sub>7</sub>; that is, from the second D above <a href="/wiki/Middle_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle C">middle C</a> to the fourth D above middle C. It is possible to make sounds above this range, by blowing with sufficient force, but, in most musical contexts, the result will be loud and out of tune due to a cylindrical bore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ornamentation">Ornamentation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ornamentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional whistle playing uses a number of <a href="/wiki/Ornament_(music)" title="Ornament (music)">ornaments</a> to embellish the music, including cuts, strikes and rolls. Most playing is <a href="/wiki/Legato" title="Legato">legato</a> with ornaments to create breaks between notes, rather than tongued. The traditional music concept of the word "ornamentation" differs somewhat from that of <a href="/wiki/European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">European classical music</a> in that ornaments are more commonly changes in how a note is articulated rather than the addition of separately-perceived notes to the piece.<sup id="cite_ref-LarsenOrnamentation_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarsenOrnamentation-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common ornaments and articulations include: </p> <dl><dt>Cuts</dt> <dd><i>Cuts</i> are very briefly lifting a finger above the note being sounded without interrupting airflow into the whistle. For example, a player playing a low D on a D whistle can cut the note by very briefly lifting the first finger of their lower hand. This causes the pitch to briefly shift upward. The cut can be performed either at the very start of the note or after the note has begun to sound; some people call the latter a "<i>double cut</i>" or a "<i>mid-note cut</i>."</dd> <dt>Strikes</dt> <dd><i>Strikes</i> or <i>taps</i> are similar to cuts except that a finger below the sounded note is briefly lowered to the whistle. For example, if a player is playing a low E on a D whistle the player could tap by quickly lowering and raising their bottom finger. Both cuts and taps are essentially instantaneous; the listener should not perceive them as separate notes.</dd> <dt>Rolls</dt> <dd>A <i>roll</i> is a note with first a cut and then a strike. Alternatively, a roll can be considered as a group of notes of identical pitch and duration with different articulations.<sup id="cite_ref-LarsenOrnamentation_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarsenOrnamentation-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two common types of rolls: <ul><li>The <i>long roll</i> is a group of three slurred notes of equal pitch and duration, the first sounded without a cut or strike, the second sounded with a cut, and the third sounded with a strike.</li> <li>The <i>short roll</i> is a group of two slurred notes of equal pitch and duration, the first sounded with a cut and the second sounded with a strike.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Cranns</dt> <dd><i>Cranns</i> (or <i>crans</i>) are ornaments borrowed from the <a href="/wiki/Uilleann_pipes" title="Uilleann pipes">Uilleann piping</a> tradition. They are similar to rolls except that only cuts are used, not taps or strikes. On the tin whistle they are generally only used for notes where a roll is impossible, such as the lowest note of the instrument.</dd> <dt>Slides</dt> <dd><i>Slides</i> are similar to <a href="/wiki/Portamento" title="Portamento">portamentos</a> in classical music; a note below or above (usually below) the intended note is fingered, and then the fingering is gradually shifted in order to smoothly raise or lower the pitch to the intended note. The slide is generally a longer duration ornament than, for example, the cut or the tap and the listener should perceive the pitch changing.</dd> <dt>Tonguing</dt> <dd><i>Tonguing</i> is used as a means of emphasizing certain notes, such as the first note in a tune. Some tin whistle players usually do not tongue most notes, but this varies depending on the player and their background. To tongue a note a player briefly touches their tongue to the front of the roof of the mouth at the start of the note (as if articulating a 't'), creating a percussive <a href="/wiki/ADSR_envelope" class="mw-redirect" title="ADSR envelope">attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Vibrato</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">Vibrato</a></i> can be achieved on most notes by opening and closing one of the open holes, or by variation of breath pressure (this last is actually both vibrato (pitch modulation), and tremolo (amplitude modulation)). Of the two, fingered (i.e., true) vibrato is much more common than diaphragmatic (breath) vibrato (i.e., tremolo), except on notes like the lowest note on the whistle where fingered vibrato is much more difficult. A common method of achieving vibrato is to finger a note, and then quickly flick a finger on and off, not the hole below the fingered note, but the hole two below the fingered note, leaving an open hole in between. This technique can be heard on <a href="/wiki/The_Chieftains" title="The Chieftains">The Chieftains</a>' iconic air, Women of Ireland (Chieftains IV).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Some_tricks">Some tricks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Some tricks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Leading tone</dt> <dd><i>Leading tones</i> are the seventh just before the tonic, so named because melodic styling often uses the seventh to lead into the tonic at the end of a phrase. On most tin whistles the leading tone to the lowest tonic can be played by using the little finger of the lower hand to partially cover the very end opening of the whistle, while keeping all other holes covered as usual for the tonic.</dd> <dt>Tone</dt> <dd>The tone of the tin whistle is largely determined by its manufacturing. Clarke style rolled metal whistles tend to have an airy "impure" sound, while Generation style cylindrical instruments tend to have clear or "pure" whistle sounds. Inexpensive rolled metal whistles, such as those from Cooperman Fife and Drum (which also produces high-end instruments) may be very airy in sound, and may be difficult to play in the upper register (second octave). Often placing a piece of tape over one edge of the fipple slot (just below the mouthpiece) to narrow the fipple will improve the instrument's tone and playability significantly. Another method of tone improvement on some molded plastic mouthpieces is to lengthen the block with a small piece of poster-putty inserted on the downstream side of the mouthpiece, to lengthen the block and maintain a narrow airstream prior to the fipple's edge.</dd> <dt>Scales</dt> <dd>While, as mentioned under Fingering, a player will usually play a given instrument only in its tonic key and the key beginning on the fourth (e.g. G on a D whistle), nearly any key is possible, becoming progressively more difficult to keep in tune as the player moves away from the whistle's tonic, according to the <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_fifths" title="Circle of fifths">circle of fifths</a>. Thus a D whistle is fairly apt for playing both G and A, and a C instrument can be used fairly easily for F and G.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repertoire">Repertoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Repertoire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">music genres</a> commonly feature the tin whistle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irish_and_Scottish_music">Irish and Scottish music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Irish and Scottish music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_03_-_The_old_grey_goose.ogg" title="File:Dancing Willow - Demo-CD 2007 03 - The old grey goose.ogg">The Old Grey Goose</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="184" data-mwtitle="Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_03_-_The_old_grey_goose.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_03_-_The_old_grey_goose.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_03_-_The_old_grey_goose.ogg/Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_03_-_The_old_grey_goose.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">A jig featuring the tin whistle, performed by Dancing Willow</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_02_-_The_foggy_dew.ogg" title="File:Dancing Willow - Demo-CD 2007 02 - The foggy dew.ogg">The Foggy Dew</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="163" data-mwtitle="Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_02_-_The_foggy_dew.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_02_-_The_foggy_dew.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_02_-_The_foggy_dew.ogg/Dancing_Willow_-_Demo-CD_2007_02_-_The_foggy_dew.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Instrumental version, featuring low whistle and <a href="/wiki/Viola_da_gamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Viola da gamba">viola da gamba</a>, performed by Dancing Willow</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Traditional music from <a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a> is by far the most common music to play on the tin whistle, and comprises the vast majority of published scores suitable for whistle players. The tin whistle is very common in Irish music to the point that it could be called characteristic of the genre and fairly common in Scottish music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kwela">Kwela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Kwela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kwela" title="Kwela">Kwela</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kwela" title="Kwela">Kwela</a> is a genre of <a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Africa" title="Music of South Africa">music created in South Africa</a> in the 1950s, and is characterized by an upbeat, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazzy</a> tin whistle lead. Kwela is the only <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">music genre</a> created around the sound of the tin whistle. The low cost of the tin whistle, or <b>jive flute</b>, made it an attractive instrument in the impoverished, <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid-era</a> townships; the <a href="/wiki/Hohner" title="Hohner">Hohner</a> tin whistle was especially popular in kwela performance. The kwela craze accounted for the sale of more than one million tin whistles.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaldach_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaldach-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Mbaqanga" title="Mbaqanga">mbaqanga</a> music largely superseded kwela in South Africa, and so it followed that the <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a> surpassed the tin whistle as the township people's wind instrument of choice. Kwela master <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lerole" title="Jack Lerole">Aaron "Big Voice Jack" Lerole</a> continued to perform into the 1990s; a few bands, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Positively_Testcard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Positively Testcard (page does not exist)">The Positively Testcard</a> of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, continue to record kwela music. </p><p>Kwela <a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">sheet music</a> is rarely published, and many of the recordings of founding kwela artists are <a href="/wiki/Out_of_print" title="Out of print">out of print</a>. One representative compilation is <i>Drum: South African Jazz and Jive</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_music">Other music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tin whistle is used in many other types of music, including the <a href="/wiki/Tuk_band" title="Tuk band">Tuk band</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>. In some Irish music composed for symphonic ensembles, it is often replaced with <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a>. It is not unusual to hear the tin whistle used in <a href="/wiki/Praise_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Praise song">praise music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_soundtrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Film soundtrack">film soundtracks</a>, notably the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lord_of_the_Rings_Trilogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Lord of the Rings Trilogy">soundtrack to Lord of the Rings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titanic:_Music_from_the_Motion_Picture" title="Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture">Titanic</a>. Published scores suitable for tin whistle performance are available in both of these genres. The tin whistle also appears in "crossover" genres like <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">folk metal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">folk punk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notation">Notation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tin whistle music collections are generally notated in one of three different formats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_musical_notation">Standard musical notation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Standard musical notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is common to score music for the whistle using standard <a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a>. The tin whistle is not a <a href="/wiki/Transposing_instrument" title="Transposing instrument">transposing instrument</a> - for example, music for the D tin whistle is written in concert pitch, not transposed down a tone as would be normal for transposing instruments. Nevertheless, there is no real consensus on how tin whistle music should be written, or on how reading music onto the whistle should be taught. However, when music is scored for a soprano whistle it will be written an octave lower than it sounds, to spare <a href="/wiki/Ledger_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledger lines">ledger lines</a> and make it much easier to read. </p><p>The traditional music of Ireland and Scotland constitutes the majority of published scores for the whistle.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the majority of that music is written in D major, G major, or one of the corresponding musical modes, use of the D major or G major key signatures is a <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> standard. For example, the "C whistle" edition of Bill Ochs's popular <i>The Clarke Tin Whistle Handbook</i> is scored in D and differs from the D edition only in that the accompanying audio CD is played on a C whistle.<sup id="cite_ref-OchsTutor_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OchsTutor-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reading directly onto the C whistle is popular for the obvious reason that its <i>home key</i> or <i>name key</i> is the <i>all-natural</i> major key (<a href="/wiki/C_major" title="C major">C major</a>). Some musicians are encouraged to learn to read directly onto one whistle, while others are taught to read directly onto another. </p><p>The whistle player who wants music to read on to all whistles will need to learn the mechanics of written <a href="/wiki/Transposition_(music)" title="Transposition (music)">transposition</a>, taking music with one <a href="/wiki/Key_signature" title="Key signature">key signature</a> and rewriting it with another. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tablature" title="Tablature">Tablature</a> notation for the tin whistle is a graphical representation of which tone holes the player should cover. The most common format is a vertical column of six circles, with holes to be covered for a given note shown filled with black, and a plus sign (+) at the top for notes in the second octave. Tablature is most commonly found in tutorial books for beginners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ABC_notation">ABC notation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: ABC notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the majority of popular tin whistle music is traditional and out of copyright, it is common to share tune collections on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DmozTunes_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DmozTunes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ABC_notation" title="ABC notation">ABC notation</a> is the most common means of electronic exchange of tunes. It is also designed to be easy to read by people, and many musicians learn to read it directly instead of using a computer program to transform it into a standard musical notation score. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Well-known_performers">Well-known performers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Well-known performers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>In Irish traditional music</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_All-Ireland_Champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of All-Ireland Champions">List of All-Ireland Champions</a></div> <p>During the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Makem" title="Tommy Makem">Tommy Makem</a> played the tin whistle as a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Clancy_Brothers_and_Tommy_Makem" class="mw-redirect" title="The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem">The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem</a>, one of the most influential Irish folk groups, especially popular during the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">American folk music revival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Moloney" title="Paddy Moloney">Paddy Moloney</a> (of <a href="/wiki/The_Chieftains" title="The Chieftains">The Chieftains</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Potts" class="mw-redirect" title="Sean Potts">Sean Potts</a> released the album <i>Tin Whistles</i>, which helped to popularise the tin whistle in particular, and <a href="/wiki/Irish_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish music">Irish music</a> in general. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Bergin" title="Mary Bergin">Mary Bergin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Fead%C3%B3ga_St%C3%A1in" title="Feadóga Stáin">Feadóga Stáin</a></i> (1979) and <i><a href="/wiki/Fead%C3%B3ga_St%C3%A1in_2" title="Feadóga Stáin 2">Feadóga Stáin 2</a></i> (1993) were similarly influential.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable players include <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Gunning" title="Carmel Gunning">Carmel Gunning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micho_Russell" title="Micho Russell">Micho Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanie_Madden" title="Joanie Madden">Joanie Madden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flook_(band)" title="Flook (band)">Brian Finnegan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathal_McConnell" title="Cathal McConnell">Cathal McConnell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Ryan_(Irish_fiddler)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seán Ryan (Irish fiddler)">Seán Ryan</a>. Many traditional pipers and flute players also play the whistle to a high standard. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Festy_Conlon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festy Conlon (page does not exist)">Festy Conlon</a> is considered by some to be the best slow air player.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>In Scottish traditional music</dt></dl> <p>Award-winning singer and musician <a href="/wiki/Julie_Fowlis" title="Julie Fowlis">Julie Fowlis</a> recorded several tracks on the tin whistle, both in her solo work and with the band <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2chas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dòchas (page does not exist)">Dòchas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>In kwela</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lerole" title="Jack Lerole">Aaron "Big Voice Jack" Lerole</a> and his band recorded a single called "<a href="/wiki/Tom_Hark" title="Tom Hark">Tom Hark</a>", which sold five million copies worldwide, and which <a href="/wiki/Associated_Television" title="Associated Television">Associated Television</a> used as the theme song for the 1958 television series <i>The Killing Stones</i>. But the most famous star of the kwela era was <a href="/wiki/Spokes_Mashiyane" title="Spokes Mashiyane">Spokes Mashiyane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaldach_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaldach-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a>'s 1986 album <i><a href="/wiki/Graceland_(album)" title="Graceland (album)">Graceland</a></i> draws heavily on South African music, and includes pennywhistle solos in the traditional style, played by <a href="/wiki/Morris_Goldberg" title="Morris Goldberg">Morris Goldberg</a>. </p> <dl><dt>In popular music</dt></dl> <p>As a traditional Irish musical instrument, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish rock">Irish rock</a> bands <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">The Cranberries</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Pogues" title="The Pogues">The Pogues</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Spider_Stacy" title="Spider Stacy">Spider Stacy</a> as whistler) incorporate the tin whistle in some of their songs, as do such American <a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a> bands as <a href="/wiki/The_Tossers" title="The Tossers">The Tossers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dropkick_Murphys" title="Dropkick Murphys">Dropkick Murphys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flogging_Molly" title="Flogging Molly">Flogging Molly</a> (in which <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Regan_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridget Regan (musician)">Bridget Regan</a> plays the instrument). <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Corr" title="Andrea Corr">Andrea Corr</a> of Irish <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/The_Corrs" title="The Corrs">The Corrs</a> also plays the tin whistle. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saxophonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxophonist">Saxophonist</a> <a href="/wiki/LeRoi_Moore" title="LeRoi Moore">LeRoi Moore</a>, founding member of the American <a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">jam band</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Matthews_Band" title="Dave Matthews Band">Dave Matthews Band</a>, plays the tin whistle in a few of the band's songs. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hallett" title="Bob Hallett">Bob Hallett</a> of the Canadian folk rock group <a href="/wiki/Great_Big_Sea" title="Great Big Sea">Great Big Sea</a> is also a renowned performer of the tin whistle, playing it in arrangements of both traditional and original material. </p><p>Icelandic <a href="/wiki/Post_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Post rock">post rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Sigur_R%C3%B3s" title="Sigur Rós">Sigur Rós</a> concludes their song "Hafsól" with a tin whistle solo. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Privett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Privett (page does not exist)">Barry Privett</a> of the American Celtic rock band <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Leaf" title="Carbon Leaf">Carbon Leaf</a> performs several songs using the tin whistle. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lambchop_(band)" title="Lambchop (band)">Lambchop</a> uses the tin whistle in the song "The Scary Caroler." </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Unicorns" title="The Unicorns">The Unicorns</a> use the tin whistle in the song "Sea Ghost". </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> song <a href="/wiki/You_Can_Call_Me_Al" title="You Can Call Me Al">You Can Call Me Al</a> features a penny whistle solo, played by jazz musician <a href="/wiki/Morris_Goldberg" title="Morris Goldberg">Morris Goldberg</a>. </p><p>Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull plays a tin whistle on "The Whistler" from the <i><a href="/wiki/Songs_from_the_Wood" title="Songs from the Wood">Songs from the Wood</a></i> album (1977). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mike_Oldfield" title="Mike Oldfield">Mike Oldfield</a> plays the tin whistle in the first part of "<a href="/wiki/Tubular_Bells" title="Tubular Bells">Tubular Bells</a>" (1973). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rusted_Root" title="Rusted Root">Rusted Root</a> features the tin whistle, played by band member John Buynak, in its 1994 cult song "<a href="/wiki/Send_Me_on_My_Way" title="Send Me on My Way">Send Me On My Way</a>". </p> <dl><dt>In jazz</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Steve_Buckley_(musician)" title="Steve Buckley (musician)">Steve Buckley</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> musician is renowned for using the penny whistle as a serious instrument. His whistle playing can be heard on recordings with <a href="/wiki/Loose_Tubes" title="Loose Tubes">Loose Tubes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Django_Bates" title="Django Bates">Django Bates</a> and his album with <a href="/wiki/Chris_Batchelor" title="Chris Batchelor">Chris Batchelor</a> Life As We Know It. </p><p>Les Lieber is a celebrated American Jazz Tin whistle player. Lieber has played with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a>'s Band and also with the <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> Sextet. Lieber made a record with <a href="/wiki/Django_Reinhardt" title="Django Reinhardt">Django Reinhardt</a> in the AFN Studios in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in the post Second World War era and started an event called "Jazz at Noon" every Friday in a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> restaurant playing with a nucleus of advertising men, doctors, lawyers, and business executives who had been or could have been jazz musicians. </p><p>Howard Johnson has also been known to play this instrument. Musical polymath Howard Levy introduces the tune True North with a jazz and very traditionally Celtic-inspired whistle piece on <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Fleck_and_the_Flecktones" title="Béla Fleck and the Flecktones">Bela Fleck and the Flecktones</a>' UFO TOFU. </p><p>Musician and producer Tyler Duncan (Millish, the olllam, <a href="/wiki/Darren_Criss" title="Darren Criss">Daren Criss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vulfpeck" title="Vulfpeck">Vulfpeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ella_Riot" title="Ella Riot">Ella Riot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Street_Dive" title="Lake Street Dive">Lake Street Dive</a>) is known for his incorporation of jazz into traditional Celtic melodies on tin whistle. He was the first Low Whistle player to be accepted into the jazz studies major at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He plays a custom made <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_and_chromatic" title="Diatonic and chromatic">chromatic</a> low whistle designed for Jazz. Duncan's modern big band arrangement of <i>The May Morning Dew</i> was featured on <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR's</a> <i>Jazz Set</i> and showcases him on tin whistle as lead instrumentalist.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>In film and video game music</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> called for a tin whistle in D for a passage in his "<a href="/wiki/Concerning_Hobbits" title="Concerning Hobbits">Concerning Hobbits</a>" from <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)"><i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film trilogy</a>. The tin whistle symbolizes the <a href="/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire (Middle-earth)">Shire</a>, together with other instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">bodhrán</a>. The tin whistle also plays a passage in the <a href="/wiki/Main_theme" class="mw-redirect" title="Main theme">main theme</a> in the same trilogy. </p><p>The tin whistle is featured prominently in the song "<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> in the movie <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)"><i>Titanic</i></a>. The song's introduction consists of a tin whistle solo which has become iconic. </p><p>The tin whistle also features prominently in the soundtrack of the film <a href="/wiki/How_to_Train_Your_Dragon_(2010_film)" title="How to Train Your Dragon (2010 film)"><i>How to Train Your Dragon</i></a>, and is connected to the main character, Hiccup. </p><p>The tin whistle is heard at the start of the 1984 short film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Andre_and_Wally_B" class="mw-redirect" title="The Adventures of Andre and Wally B">The Adventures of Andre and Wally B</a></i> </p><p>The tin whistle is featured in the winning song of the <a href="/wiki/2013_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Eurovision Song Contest">2013 Eurovision Song Contest</a> <a href="/wiki/Only_Teardrops" title="Only Teardrops">Only Teardrops</a> by <a href="/wiki/Emmelie_de_Forest" title="Emmelie de Forest">Emmelie de Forest</a>. </p><p>The tin whistle is featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Mario_Kart_8" title="Mario Kart 8">Mario Kart 8</a>'</i>s track Wild Woods of the DLC Pack, <i>Animal Crossing × Mario Kart 8</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fife_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fife (musical instrument)">Fife</a> – Woodwind musical instrument<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tin_whistle_players" title="List of tin whistle players">List of tin whistle players</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The words "tin whistle" and "pennywhistle" in any <a href="/wiki/English_compound" title="English compound">compound form</a> do not generally appear in early-20th-century dictionaries, encyclopedias, or thesauri.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, the Open Directory's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Music/Instruments/Winds/Tin_Whistle/Tune_Collections/">Tin whistle tune collections</a> or the books published by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Shopping/Music/Instruments/Winds/Tin_Whistle/">online stores catering to tin whistle players</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Feadoga+Stain%2C+Vol.+1+-+Mary+Bergin+%26%23124%3B+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits+%26%23124%3B+AllMusic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Ffeadoga-stain-vol-1-mw0000620341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedigitalfolklife.org/Mick.htm">"Mick Moloney"</a>. Folk Life. 1977<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mick+Moloney&rft.pub=Folk+Life&rft.date=1977&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedigitalfolklife.org%2FMick.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juliefowlis.com/">"Julie Fowlis"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Julie+Fowlis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juliefowlis.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tylerduncan.work/about">"About"</a>. <i>Tyler Duncan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tyler+Duncan&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftylerduncan.work%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tylerduncan.work/videowarehouse/2017/11/6/the-olllam-songs-from-studio-east">"Tyler Duncan and Michael Shimmin - The May Morning Dew"</a>. <i>Tyler Duncan</i>. 2017-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tyler+Duncan&rft.atitle=Tyler+Duncan+and+Michael+Shimmin+-+The+May+Morning+Dew&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftylerduncan.work%2Fvideowarehouse%2F2017%2F11%2F6%2Fthe-olllam-songs-from-studio-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDannatt,_Norman1993" class="citation book cs1">Dannatt, Norman (1993). <i>The Penny Whistle</i>. The Clarke Tinwhistle Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penny+Whistle&rft.pub=The+Clarke+Tinwhistle+Co.&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Dannatt%2C+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dannatt, Norman (2005) <i>The History of the Tinwhistle.</i> The Clarke Tinwhistle Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9549693-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9549693-2-4">0-9549693-2-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGatherer,_Nigel" class="citation web cs1">Gatherer, Nigel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nigelgatherer.com/whistle/hist.html">"History"</a>. <i>The Scottish Whistle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Scottish+Whistle&rft.atitle=History&rft.au=Gatherer%2C+Nigel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigelgatherer.com%2Fwhistle%2Fhist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross,_Richard" class="citation web cs1">Gross, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719162739/http://fullbodyburn.com/?page_id=108">"Tinwhistle fingering chart"</a>. <i>Tinwhistle Fingering Research Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fullbodyburn.com/?page_id=108">the original</a> on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tinwhistle+Fingering+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Tinwhistle+fingering+chart&rft.au=Gross%2C+Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffullbodyburn.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannigan,_SteáfánLedsam,_David2000" class="citation book cs1">Hannigan, Steáfán; Ledsam, David (2000). "Whistory: A Low Whistle History". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060721113006/http://www.soarmusic.demon.co.uk/whistle.htm"><i>The Low Whistle Book</i></a>. Sin É Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9525305-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9525305-1-1"><bdi>0-9525305-1-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soarmusic.demon.co.uk/whistle.htm">the original</a> on 2006-07-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whistory%3A+A+Low+Whistle+History&rft.btitle=The+Low+Whistle+Book&rft.pub=Sin+%C3%89+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9525305-1-1&rft.au=Hannigan%2C+Ste%C3%A1f%C3%A1n&rft.au=Ledsam%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soarmusic.demon.co.uk%2Fwhistle.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsen,_Grey" class="citation web cs1">Larsen, Grey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218232120/http://www.greylarsen.com/services/tunebank/notationsystem.pdf">"A Guide to Grey Larsen's Notation System for Irish Ornamentation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greylarsen.com/services/tunebank/notationsystem.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Grey+Larsen%27s+Notation+System+for+Irish+Ornamentation&rft.au=Larsen%2C+Grey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greylarsen.com%2Fservices%2Ftunebank%2Fnotationsystem.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCullough,_L.E.1976" class="citation book cs1">McCullough, L.E. (1976). "Historical Notes on the Tinwhistle". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070607120215/http://www.chiffandfipple.com/lehistory.html"><i>The Complete Irish Tin Whistle Tutor</i></a>. Oak Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8256-0340-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8256-0340-4"><bdi>0-8256-0340-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chiffandfipple.com/lehistory.html">the original</a> on 2007-06-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+Notes+on+the+Tinwhistle&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Irish+Tin+Whistle+Tutor&rft.pub=Oak+Publications&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-8256-0340-4&rft.au=McCullough%2C+L.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiffandfipple.com%2Flehistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchs,_Bill2001" class="citation book cs1">Ochs, Bill (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701100410/http://www.pennywhistle.com/clarkepage.html"><i>The Clarke Tin Whistle: Deluxe Edition</i></a>. The Pennywhistler's Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pennywhistle.com/clarkepage.html">the original</a> on 2018-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Clarke+Tin+Whistle%3A+Deluxe+Edition&rft.pub=The+Pennywhistler%27s+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Ochs%2C+Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennywhistle.com%2Fclarkepage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060425123655/http://dmoz.org/Arts/Music/Instruments/Winds/Tin_Whistle/Tune_Collections/">"Tin Whistle Tune Collections"</a>. <i>Open Directory</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Music/Instruments/Winds/Tin_Whistle/Tune_Collections/">the original</a> on 25 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Directory&rft.atitle=Tin+Whistle+Tune+Collections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmoz.org%2FArts%2FMusic%2FInstruments%2FWinds%2FTin_Whistle%2FTune_Collections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWisely,_Dale2000" class="citation web cs1">Wisely, Dale (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060406003057/http://www.chiffandfipple.com/whistlekeys.html">"Deciphering Whistle Keys"</a>. <i>Chiff and Fipple</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chiffandfipple.com/whistlekeys.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chiff+and+Fipple&rft.atitle=Deciphering+Whistle+Keys&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Wisely%2C+Dale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiffandfipple.com%2Fwhistlekeys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe,_Joe" class="citation web cs1">Wolfe, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~jw/fluteacoustics.html#airjet">"Introduction to flute acoustics"</a>. <i>UNSW Music Acoustics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNSW+Music+Acoustics&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+flute+acoustics&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phys.unsw.edu.au%2F~jw%2Ffluteacoustics.html%23airjet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVallely,_Fintan1999" class="citation book cs1">Vallely, Fintan, ed. (1999). <i>The Companion to Irish Traditional Music</i>. New York, NY: New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-8802-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-8802-5"><bdi>0-8147-8802-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Companion+to+Irish+Traditional+Music&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8147-8802-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATin+whistle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_whistle&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_to_Play_the_Irish_Pennywhistle" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:How to Play the Irish Pennywhistle">How to Play the Irish Pennywhistle</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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.navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irish_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Ireland" title="Template:Music of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Music of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Irish music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh" title="Cèilidh">Cèilidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish traditional music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Irish dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Music of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance" title="Sean-nós dance">Sean-nós dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Set dance">Set dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk song</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Irish_singing" title="Traditional Irish singing">Traditional Irish singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilting" title="Lilting">Lilting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">Bodhrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bones_(instrument)" title="Bones (instrument)">Bones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bouzouki" title="Irish bouzouki">Bouzouki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertina" title="Concertina">Concertina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">Fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_flute" title="Irish flute">Flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammered_dulcimer" title="Hammered dulcimer">Hammered dulcimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_harp" title="Celtic harp">Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeg_drum" title="Lambeg drum">Lambeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatonic_button_accordion" title="Diatonic button accordion">Melodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_banjo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenor banjo">Tenor banjo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tin whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uilleann_pipes" title="Uilleann pipes">Uilleann pipes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tune types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barn_dance" title="Barn dance">Barn dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fling_(Irish)" title="Fling (Irish)">Fling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Highland_(Irish)" title="Highland (Irish)">Highland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">Reel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Strathspey_(dance)" title="Strathspey (dance)">Strathspey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Schottische#Ireland" title="Schottische">Schottische</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>3</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mazurka#In_Ireland" title="Mazurka">Mazurka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">Waltz</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Single and double jigs</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>9</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Slip_jig" title="Slip jig">Hop and slip jigs</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>12</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Slide_(tune_type)" title="Slide (tune type)">Slide</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Non-dance tunes</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">Marches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_(music)" title="Air (music)">airs</a> which exist in various meters.</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleadh_Cheoil_na_h%C3%89ireann" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann">Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_na_Gaeilge" title="Oireachtas na Gaeilge">Oireachtas na Gaeilge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gradam_Ceoil_TG4" title="Gradam Ceoil TG4">Gradam Ceoil TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Radio_1_Folk_Awards" title="RTÉ Radio 1 Folk Awards">RTÉ Radio 1 Folk Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scottish_folk_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scottish_folk_music" title="Template:Scottish folk music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scottish_folk_music" title="Template talk:Scottish folk music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish_folk_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish folk music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scottish_folk_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk song</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bothy_ballad" title="Bothy ballad">Bothy ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornkister" title="Cornkister">Cornkister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_psalm_singing" title="Gaelic psalm singing">Gaelic psalm singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilting" title="Lilting">Lilting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puirt_%C3%A0_beul" title="Puirt à beul">Puirt à beul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waulking_song" title="Waulking song">Waulking song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk dances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh" title="Cèilidh">Cèilidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_dance" title="Dirk dance">Dirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_highland_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish highland dance">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_country_dance" title="Scottish country dance">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_sword_dances" title="Scottish sword dances">Sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_accordion" title="Piano accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">Acoustic guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">Bass drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_pipes" title="Border pipes">Border pipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">Cello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_harp" title="Celtic harp">Clàrsach (Harp)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_fiddling" title="Scottish fiddling">Fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">Flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Highland_bagpipe" title="Great Highland bagpipe">Great Highland bagpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_whistle" title="Low whistle">Low whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatonic_button_accordion" title="Diatonic button accordion">Melodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_smallpipes" title="Scottish smallpipes">Scottish smallpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Side drum">Side drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_tenor_drum" title="Scottish tenor drum">Tenor drum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tin whistle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Common forms<br /><span class="nobold">(by <a href="/wiki/Metre_(music)" title="Metre (music)">metre</a>)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Duple_and_quadruple_metre" title="Duple and quadruple metre">Duple-time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schottische#Scotland" title="Schottische">Highland Schottische</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Duple_and_quadruple_metre" title="Duple and quadruple metre">Duple / Quadruple-time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barn_dance" title="Barn dance">Barn dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Fling" title="Highland Fling">Highland Fling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe#Folk_hornpipes" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">Reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathspey_(dance)" title="Strathspey (dance)">Strathspey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Triple_metre" title="Triple metre">Triple-time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">Waltz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Duple_and_quadruple_metre" title="Duple and quadruple metre">Duple compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-step_(dance_move)" title="Two-step (dance move)">Two-step</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Triple_metre" title="Triple metre">Triple compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slip_jig" title="Slip jig">Slip jig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">Marches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">Modes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characteristics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_rhythm" title="Lombard rhythm">Scotch snap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish traditional music</a> (particularly the <a href="/wiki/Donegal_fiddle_tradition" title="Donegal fiddle tradition">Donegal fiddle tradition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;24px&#124;Flag_of_England_English_folk_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_folk_music" title="Template:English folk music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_folk_music" title="Template talk:English folk music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_folk_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English folk music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;24px&#124;Flag_of_England_English_folk_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of England"><img alt="Flag of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/24px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/36px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English folk music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk music by era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1500%E2%80%931899)" title="English folk music (1500–1899)">1500–1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1900%E2%80%931949)" title="English folk music (1900–1949)">1900–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1950%E2%80%931959)" title="English folk music (1950–1959)">1950–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="English folk music (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="English folk music (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="English folk music (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="English folk music (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="English folk music (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres and fusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>General</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abbots_Bromley_Horn_Dance" title="Abbots Bromley Horn Dance">Abbots Bromley Horn Dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/English_country_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="English country dance">English country dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Furry_Dance" title="Furry Dance">Furry Dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garland_dance" title="Garland dance">Garland dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Long_Sword_dance" title="Long Sword dance">Long Sword dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maypole_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Maypole dance">Maypole dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rapper_sword" title="Rapper sword">Rapper dance</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2/4 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2/2 and 4/4 Dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">Reel</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>3/4 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">Waltz</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>3/2 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe#Folk_hornpipes" title="Hornpipe">Triple Hornpipe</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>6/8 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jigs</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>9/8 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Slip_jig" title="Slip jig">Slip jig</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Song forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_song" title="Children's song">Children's songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song#Early_protest_songs_from_Britain" title="Protest song">Protest songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song" title="Work song">Work songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertina" title="Concertina">Concertina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdy-crawn" title="Crowdy-crawn">Crowdy-crawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">Fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_(instrument)" title="Fife (instrument)">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">Flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_bagpipe" title="Lancashire bagpipe">Lancashire bagpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_bagpipes" title="Lincolnshire bagpipes">Lincolnshire bagpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatonic_button_accordion" title="Diatonic button accordion">Melodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_smallpipes" title="Northumbrian smallpipes">Northumbrian smallpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabor_(instrument)" title="Tabor (instrument)">Tabor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tin whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_bagpipe" title="Yorkshire bagpipe">Yorkshire bagpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_pipes" title="Border pipes">Half-long pipes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Northumbria" title="Music of Northumbria">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somerset#Folk_music" title="Music of Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sussex" title="Music of Sussex">Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>External relations</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Folk music of Denmark</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Miscellaneous</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">Folk clubs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_festivals" title="List of folk festivals">Folk festival</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDBEA; text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">Portal:England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Portal:Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flutes_and_whistles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Flutes" title="Template:Flutes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Flutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Flutes (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Flutes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Flutes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flutes_and_whistles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">Flutes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whistle" title="Whistle">whistles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transverse_flute" title="Transverse flute">Side-<br />blown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bansuri" title="Bansuri">Bansuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daegeum" title="Daegeum">Daegeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizi_(instrument)" title="Dizi (instrument)">Dizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_(instrument)" title="Fife (instrument)">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-key_flute" title="Five-key flute">Five-key flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fue_(flute)" title="Fue (flute)">Fue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kagurabue" title="Kagurabue">Kagurabue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komabue" title="Komabue">Komabue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minteki" title="Minteki">Minteki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nohkan" title="Nohkan">Nohkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABteki" title="Ryūteki">Ryūteki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinobue" title="Shinobue">Shinobue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokobue" title="Yokobue">Yokobue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_flute" title="Glass flute">Glass flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_flute" title="Irish flute">Irish flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koudi" title="Koudi">Koudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1o" title="Sáo">Sáo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_system_flute" title="Simple system flute">Simple system flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambin" title="Tambin">Tambin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venu" title="Venu">Venu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xindi_(instrument)" title="Xindi (instrument)">Xindi</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Concert" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_western_concert_flute_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the western concert flute family">Concert</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">Piccolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treble_flute" title="Treble flute">Treble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_flute" title="Soprano flute">Soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BBte_d%27amour" title="Flûte d'amour">Flûte d'amour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_flute" title="Alto flute">Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_flute" title="Bass flute">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra-alto_flute" title="Contra-alto flute">Contra-alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_flute" title="Contrabass flute">Contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcontrabass_flute" title="Subcontrabass flute">Subcontrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_contrabass_flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Double contrabass flute">Double contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbass_flute" title="Hyperbass flute">Hyperbass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/End-blown_flute" title="End-blown flute">End-<br />blown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anasazi_flute" title="Anasazi flute">Anasazi flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danso" title="Danso">Danso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floghera" title="Floghera">Floghera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frilka" title="Frilka">Frilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fue_(flute)" title="Fue (flute)">Fue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotchiku" title="Hotchiku">Hotchiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakuhachi" title="Shakuhachi">Shakuhachi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">Gudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaval" title="Kaval">Kaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dauau" title="Kōauau">Kōauau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nose_flute" title="Nose flute">Nose flute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalaleng" title="Kalaleng">Kalaleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nose_whistle" title="Nose whistle">Nose whistle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinkillu" title="Pinkillu">Pinkillu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quena" title="Quena">Qina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quray" title="Quray">Quray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodina" title="Sodina">Sodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopilka" title="Sopilka">Sopilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0upelka" title="Šupelka">Šupelka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svirel" title="Svirel">Svirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washint" title="Washint">Washint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_(flute)" title="Xiao (flute)">Xiao</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pan" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan_flute" title="Pan flute">Pan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuvytsi" title="Kuvytsi">Kuvytsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larchemi" title="Larchemi">Larchemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_(pan_flute)" title="Nai (pan flute)">Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskal" title="Miskal">Miskal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paixiao" title="Paixiao">Paixiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siku_(instrument)" title="Siku (instrument)">Siku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larchemi" title="Larchemi">Soinari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wot_(instrument)" title="Wot (instrument)">Wot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fipple" title="Fipple">Fipple</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almpfeiferl" title="Almpfeiferl">Almpfeiferl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atenteben" title="Atenteben">Atenteben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsivka" title="Dentsivka">Dentsivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diple" title="Diple">Diple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvoyanka" title="Dvoyanka">Dvoyanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabiol" title="Flabiol">Flabiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flageolet" title="Flageolet">Flageolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frula" title="Frula">Frula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujara" title="Fujara">Fujara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulophone" title="Hydraulophone">Hydraulophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khloy" title="Khloy">Khloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khlui" title="Khlui">Khlui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuisi" title="Kuisi">Kuisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_whistle" title="Low whistle">Low whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_flute" title="Native American flute">Native American flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_pipe" title="Organ pipe">Organ pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamuri" title="Salamuri">Salamuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvi" title="Shvi">Shvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B8fl%C3%B8yte" title="Sjøfløyte">Sjøfløyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_whistle" title="Slide whistle">Slide whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souravli" title="Souravli">Souravli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spil%C3%A5pipa" title="Spilåpipa">Spilåpipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabule" title="Stabule">Stabule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarka_(flute)" title="Tarka (flute)">Tarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-hole_pipe" title="Three-hole pipe">Tabor pipe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tin whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txistu" title="Txistu">Txistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistle" title="Whistle">Whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xirula" title="Xirula">Xirula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuffolo" title="Zuffolo">Zuffolo</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Recorders" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">Recorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garklein_recorder" title="Garklein recorder">Garklein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopranino_recorder" title="Sopranino recorder">Sopranino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_recorder" title="Soprano recorder">Soprano (descant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_recorder" title="Alto recorder">Alto (treble)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_flute" title="Voice flute">Voice flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_recorder" title="Tenor recorder">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_recorder" title="Bass recorder">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_bass_recorder" title="Great bass recorder">Great bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_recorder" title="Contrabass recorder">Contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-great_bass_recorder" title="Sub-great bass recorder">Sub-great bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-contrabass_recorder" title="Sub-contrabass recorder">Sub-contrabass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overtone_flute" title="Overtone flute">Overtone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujara" title="Fujara">Fujara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyuka" title="Kalyuka">Kalyuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koncovka" title="Koncovka">Koncovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_flute" title="Willow flute">Willow flute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vessel_flute" title="Vessel flute">Vessel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemshorn" title="Gemshorn">Gemshorn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pifana" title="Pifana">Pifana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun_(instrument)" title="Hun (instrument)">Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinukai" title="Molinukai">Molinukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocarina" title="Ocarina">Ocarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonette" title="Tonette">Tonette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_(instrument)" title="Xun (instrument)">Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_whistle" title="Shepherd's whistle">Shepherd's whistle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_flute_music" title="Chinese folk flute music">Chinese folk flute music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_for_flute" title="List of compositions for flute">List of compositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_hole" title="Tone hole">Tone hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uakti_(myth)" title="Uakti (myth)">Uakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_flute" title="Vertical flute">Vertical flute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615403#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615403#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615403#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4476511-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85099560">United 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