CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b2b879a23dc3',cH: 'Y0y0yyS597g9ReDIjGtwtOaMPxIkWh2DXjMAgvSSVzM-1739783991-1.2.1.1-xogShG6NSutwovtgniih58Wu3zhzx3oAvtbXAm1SAJ1sVx6FE8r.dRX_yN7IWMlG',cUPMDTk: "\/10001178\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=BD6tZNeeK716G2QPQOv8M7LhDoNrtlSu0GMqCLfjYKA-1739783991-1.0.1.1-IqZ_W3VqeXU_vHMjDu_60cyAMLCvhYOoSvK.s_5WAyQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783991',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10001178\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=BD6tZNeeK716G2QPQOv8M7LhDoNrtlSu0GMqCLfjYKA-1739783991-1.0.1.1-IqZ_W3VqeXU_vHMjDu_60cyAMLCvhYOoSvK.s_5WAyQ",md: "7Wm.FirbIKy04b2_Id9reJbQGL82YwmMTSjF2Up9Vfc-1739783991-1.2.1.1-GUiI42ctOE_3Q2wjLt3Yxj1zYB.nT..qZcqTtbCH_W4YXR5msmg9kKlMNnOsyKL2pZB8TgyrTc7kMTo1MNqnZcGSk0.mA8t49pw.FV8pUO47qyyELZyS_utdCP0uUeMJywfL0uVGMpRSbH2zqDO6Y4xmyPQWCGrx6X4Py8ixL.9LCQiZh0YW0P2ET6MLsSWjNoSJGdpI3c91y_xHU3avKklIIVxQDqCmUqHfQhwf0wpOK5OAYTu4bhBsp2hLDsGEMhIjL7EuAQ8RsOuCmZdAwkPalhyBk8g8qAjdC3H3irN.dURpSQeZ.HO5e_APjYMaw5xillBlnwbiQyVXVgtrnpTugjqU48UWyU3reQe8NVYHAjytiAUJ3l8CiEAuH9dOcY_1wuP7J9F85ITUrrBArO6nB3VihJgD3g4QDwlbQZRWfTgLPE6LsfzMZHwPAgqHaWP8m6jGioCjR0o1FDNmesRCyKwn_vKFEbgNcJE2IegFXa7SrX37lB3E4Z28k_JondPn5aSblcRdxVipQmcp_DDMntLlUCL_mrJruJJNvlFhSKuoxEAMZQY1lk0xMOciBS1ReDQ5iKxxC0VfqLocBMJG__Mx33p0DBX5H.GCuzhmi6u92Dmdut4nvIhGhndSWqeD5D4GkDlRpgCX1Unowc94h_O3tskZQwq2Q65urEqY2skmtx1g.XQq6gkfVsXCHllfg_3ik_IV4EXHZpCrS6kmV0cZnUo_QKFzfVuQKFMIanOKnAGBT6bKbc0qSzFoYf4H16X2tVy_SZ5WtJKaXTZS.y16pXPzSviCUMWEwTIyBYjhG8gfoCYvwGIBRL8yU6QGzbcp9n28e_4aUS3PluKaUZ6k58BBCpMf464L73JKS.UD7tWP_l23jQCcxO0dM8HpBu2VHax5IXF8tSEaK2M4jjm7CjXkOBpA6SXJaW4seROUZ0klzwF4TSGItkUOWh_i8nrTGZaeKNIq9OyV1rPP6GfYZ5..NihxKgsPPWc9VmYnknVI0mGd3G_yRA9Wxu.LAyGXJY0Snn06zn6lpNPNd0UoQEi3cQ6JexIV2lvtyLNa2Ntg9FLPjeTuw2KIIGfhieJcQkofXKkmgMukfGDIRDh8sMABv_FNTdz3KG0sEMajIHn3RT6hdb8cGCmD9PJx5GijYVohSIV11fIdtrHAQ6XsAccilonbdpnWWNq4JdvSIbthaepQbBR5WAfw8qJMtDCstDhOg1FFFu2h1tycP5gw7z5fVdBnd4gf2mZQGQxepmgJF1lO3PWhfPaDB7kA.D4PrxUVdJFy9nG3x.NnE54qsBhMBCpXvUxWobteZTS8jrg7fL5kX8YiZt2fSMZc8tWdzp52Qqzy0IyS6wzFXT9z5UpFLIgGuSDQ6dae_aqJ9EaON.vDxL0fW3ZM5sTBWP9YQ_tmb7WpEgJ19eJoI.Kh_lzQ4Sjf5N.XyOSs3aKJ9gH38Vw6AhHaIqFOLg9nInUHm8N6Md1dD1fRVLBEMQETVdu0YV_Hkv6Yq6swvpqqahxSeHveY6KcNhsK4BxrlSmyWJF6NwkZLe6Ei5AQ68KMeu9dNCRrh_IBXAeC9veEIQFxzOaZXyBGR._4E1agG_Y48rB1lNHae6YhJamvJ7Hn9WhnrNh_sirw.wR11QJYlkWJu_IWVd5o7uRL7vsHK01Lts8dMpko3TFgKko56KydF0oz_cBKjn9T7z7AOJXhDNeK7PMGP.htvmE9lqYK_6pIEirSA7zfZgplpibWNnioxcLZrRCJfJ0QBzPI3T_y70twhyHE7U0eNo..pzmd66ORtE4fmVnwg7KY2slT7DZNy7NpjM9oYKH5_..Hg1xZlXhTgNdjfb5uZXRfIlUOK4SLA20.vwUNS3prnR3Yydk2shUOfoyNk8YAHzo",mdrd: "VkPuY5yE9NFaBx.1JJb_tWQ4MVBFJSEow_2GMI0WPAg-1739783991-1.2.1.1-q1ybo92wccC6OySEI51D2QyfguKKQFSeB8NmKuXRD0Y5yeYAwaGarACv46gzrQSuZ0zAUArcb7bUxiTIuCfqiyyC6VE19jHz0caCAW8nmQJQkBeo_tJ7H8el9cFRxV3KtpkpN21CoHBDAX_1NTPN3IkanZidaeLUCafgnrc3Z3fSkuws4vjkFw_s0Cp6ywtsMUxIa4KGbUa_e7cS.u5g1vE5.dzPxSZrT3xNTfkBofpIvfyvMrVC1R3fwOIezjMuaCavRkAhJ7avzMDKySu73Vh.FUMDvSPCsrtOjkxJIWkfFdSPBApK.__HepcZipooPfziA9Gpexrx0uYfCThtOCWsKGG6ak_nLQNfwAhaYKEM4wDViNhb24Dk.KCPwpWBLL3iTgVjUA1dAJN5RejHxXa.uFbQeHV_z0NYajnOnGWlVh.VjQ1zxz.57Vx8hWF2Ulj7_VRR_D_mQHs4H83B4MuaMYemKZjtrgWJoVshTx.ou1.kLKcTQKBn844MdaSyzWVpozBgGy_qjscE_6Nsv9hBfsS1Sxt85E_cYlc.cFQJARIJ.B0YOzlP4L7v85cpDSE7PNmxTKxiyfwjhBLnLw5jQYZE64U0A6BUUX4qr_Vcxuo3XO2UDhf_UPkcwC0EYd8jDEaMSi43_KBLobp0X1LkYhx9bJtutW8u_OoYiZXU5FaQW7wLgRRAx2q5Pmz19Q96l2oFaVJO3OurF9nURRQ8z4CHLfddm8F.khRZ8OQgxLQp95JCRaXJVYMQKP2e4q4Qd_r3ODe0ddTtpmuggHj8F.qUglmAY60w8SxLm8TfpJF67oWuQLATyi18A13BbkJhzO09vJaC3eFIr1KROCffmtE8Vis_tjQzTNi_E4IPHQ0s14upHzAeMs47ccxuNbYl72mTRrZsytJqyqWGAgv1wrzhAKeTzQ1.QkJ0g6Hyyo5q9aMp07PQuJF3Dynj4ybsdA6HpDO0PvuCpT1qbxYgGuwxNshwAbT1NE.t2x_VCEXiTcretouuJVgP1UsTUdrhL4K.E39GunPz7AiiGerdvsOHOy6SuVFSMydX1eXAhZG5jR5TPDfbuxYeHfjEDw4A08oC.vgqOK6GG6QlTYiTOAnco4eZYzoRs2lOB.d1.BoFYUTwSVKKUSVbLbzfwtspFoJSM8MYnov9Zzf3Xn86pfGIMGyvh0nQq3BcISSWzefIDh_B306qijuQl9XsXX_8p2Dwd3LKxE.cGGGYVmH6KXYNH0LDghu4BBg7T8YI7tFrBKlSVXRHqDsGRtOLqDcb7etDzcBNBKTIJ7DLkOPaKFyCmHeZlWG5qulc.gvMKr11mnOmAnXMsKMNsd.gp.N9qnb.VnfzGI_KmNv6q.K0eXQcXJQuuf8lSJ0XTb7pWhr7hZNxeJjxrM7Vif1w_e.toKNRKlVqXTGI46d.73vi93imVxlxI0f3QeoZ5b1e81237fscH0bipmwISwygvTZr9KYnrH37GROLGXwbBwgWnvakDNgpquR2uvhUrUPLbtC.liIO_fKitHxwuknHqZrd9Mp8dfOywBTP6KSXl76eeKOd4p4lCUSPaQvPibZZtQVoNDdvD8gIBTRTPJwaO6IW7vv.eex9xOXRmleDbMeliErUWcQPq2obbNRd77VkrT_JXcBvjk.iZmZ5VP4WLAkoQMMe7SECrVAezT1P4zSJWKYCG6p7_Fof52gLFvUaUad.h3qclA7GM4BUbHuHbxu8gi5vc18dLmG6eQWcG18f6OBO64XMGpDu0GgFvr4M.btZ4_DR5ajq1i0.f17nkl5xKRV3mUplhxQYczd8BgpvaJdQEE2JktcuL_g9HE2wu5FbpVmLX_M4x97PMV0K_mGM1M_o8MDnp_z9MfqEtkAKA3Sm9nHm_hyjbqZyx0I4ZcRcX2Jei1kCzFbp.dh2q1TgZ7C4BO6pO5iGXJBzMsS5Mbncro.djXmZRiT6pC7oXMd3SD9KAH0TbHa04Yill3V5.sJbpT7sebatoSk.rw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b2b879a23dc3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10001178\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=BD6tZNeeK716G2QPQOv8M7LhDoNrtlSu0GMqCLfjYKA-1739783991-1.0.1.1-IqZ_W3VqeXU_vHMjDu_60cyAMLCvhYOoSvK.s_5WAyQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>