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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Canon de 75 modèle 1897</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanol_75_mm_stumm_1897" title="Kanol 75 mm stumm 1897 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kanol 75 mm stumm 1897" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_75_mm_modelo_1897" title="Cañón de 75 mm modelo 1897 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cañón de 75 mm modelo 1897" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/75_mm_Mle._1897" title="75 mm Mle. 1897 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="75 mm Mle. 1897" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%97_75_%D7%9E%22%D7%9E_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C_1897" title="תותח 75 מ"מ מודל 1897 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תותח 75 מ"מ מודל 1897" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/75_mm-kanon_model_1897" title="75 mm-kanon model 1897 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="75 mm-kanon model 1897" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1897_75mm%E9%87%8E%E7%A0%B2" title="M1897 75mm野砲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="M1897 75mm野砲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8l_1897" title="Canon de 75 mm modèl 1897 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Canon de 75 mm modèl 1897" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/75_mm_armata_mle_1897" title="75 mm armata mle 1897 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="75 mm armata mle 1897" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_de_75_mm_model_1897" title="Tun de 75 mm model 1897 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tun de 75 mm model 1897" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/75-%D0%BC%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%86%D0%B0_1897_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="75-мм пушка образца 1897 года – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="75-мм пушка образца 1897 года" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/75-%D0%BC%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0_1897_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="75-мм польова гармата зразка 1897 року – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="75-мм польова гармата зразка 1897 року" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1897%E5%BC%8F75mm%E9%87%8E%E6%88%98%E7%82%AE" title="M1897式75mm野战炮 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="M1897式75mm野战炮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q958738#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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searchaux" style="display:none">Regimental artillery field gun</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> Canon de 75 mm Modele 1897 </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0_Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Paris_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/0_Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Paris_2.JPG/300px-0_Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Paris_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/0_Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Paris_2.JPG/450px-0_Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Paris_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/0_Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Paris_2.JPG/600px-0_Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1897_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Paris_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3704" data-file-height="2408" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Canon de 75 Modèle 1897 on display in <a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">Regimental artillery field gun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">1898–present (still used as a saluting gun)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial campaigns</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Rif_War_(1909)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif War (1909)">Rif War</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino_Japanese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sino Japanese War">Second Sino Japanese War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a><br />and other conflicts and wars</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data">Albert Deport, Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville and Emile Rimailho.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1891–1896</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data">Government arsenals: <a href="/wiki/Puteaux" title="Puteaux">Puteaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Etienne" class="mw-redirect" title="St Etienne">St Etienne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">1897–1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">21,000+</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1,544 kg (3,404 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> length</th><td class="infobox-data">8 ft 10 in (2.69 m) L/36</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">6 feet 7 inches (2 m)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">4 feet 7 inches (1.4 m)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">Shell</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_British_ordnance_terms#Fixed_QF" title="Glossary of British ordnance terms">Fixed QF</a> 75×350 mm R<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">Shell</a> weight</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/High_explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive">HE</a> – 5.4 kg (12 lb)<br /><a href="/wiki/High_explosive_anti-tank_warhead" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive anti-tank warhead">HEAT</a> – 5.97–7.25 kg (13.2–16.0 lb)<br /><a href="/wiki/Shrapnel_shell" title="Shrapnel shell">Shrapnel</a> – 7.24 kg (16 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">Caliber</a></th><td class="infobox-data">75 mm (2.95 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">Breech</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nordenfelt eccentric screw<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">Recoil</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hydraulic<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Carriage</th><td class="infobox-data">6 horse team,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Artillery_tractor" title="Artillery tractor">Artillery tractor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(ballistics)" title="Elevation (ballistics)">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−11° to +18°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_laying" title="Gun laying">Traverse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15–30 rpm burst (dependent on crew training and fatigue) 3–4 rpm sustained (dependent on rate of cooling)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Muzzle velocity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">500 m/s (1,600 ft/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Effective firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">8,500 m (9,300 yd) HE<br />6,800 m (7,400 yd) shrapnel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Maximum firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">11,000 m (12,000 yd)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_lieutenant-colonel_Joseph_Albert_Deport_-_Paul_Jobert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Le_lieutenant-colonel_Joseph_Albert_Deport_-_Paul_Jobert.jpg/170px-Le_lieutenant-colonel_Joseph_Albert_Deport_-_Paul_Jobert.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Le_lieutenant-colonel_Joseph_Albert_Deport_-_Paul_Jobert.jpg/255px-Le_lieutenant-colonel_Joseph_Albert_Deport_-_Paul_Jobert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Le_lieutenant-colonel_Joseph_Albert_Deport_-_Paul_Jobert.jpg/340px-Le_lieutenant-colonel_Joseph_Albert_Deport_-_Paul_Jobert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2763" data-file-height="4221" /></a><figcaption>Lieutenant-colonel Joseph Albert Deport, the developer of the 75 mm field gun</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canon_ray%C3%A9_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale_img_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Canon_ray%C3%A9_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale_img_1967.jpg/220px-Canon_ray%C3%A9_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale_img_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Canon_ray%C3%A9_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale_img_1967.jpg/330px-Canon_ray%C3%A9_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale_img_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Canon_ray%C3%A9_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale_img_1967.jpg/440px-Canon_ray%C3%A9_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale_img_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Rifling of a 75 modèle 1897</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niveau_d%27artillerie_Mle_1890-1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Niveau_d%27artillerie_Mle_1890-1900.jpg/220px-Niveau_d%27artillerie_Mle_1890-1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Niveau_d%27artillerie_Mle_1890-1900.jpg/330px-Niveau_d%27artillerie_Mle_1890-1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Niveau_d%27artillerie_Mle_1890-1900.jpg/440px-Niveau_d%27artillerie_Mle_1890-1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption>Range setting device</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>French 75 mm field gun</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Quick-firing_gun" title="Quick-firing gun">quick-firing</a> <a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">field artillery</a> piece adopted in March 1898. Its official French designation was: <b>Matériel de 75 mm Mle 1897</b>. It was commonly known as the <b>French 75</b>, simply the <b>75</b> and <b>Soixante-Quinze</b> (French for "seventy-five"). The French 75 was designed as an <a href="/wiki/Anti-personnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-personnel">anti-personnel</a> weapon system for delivering large volumes of time-fused <a href="/wiki/Shrapnel_shell" title="Shrapnel shell">shrapnel shells</a> on enemy troops advancing in the open. After 1915 and the onset of <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a>, impact-detonated high-explosive shells prevailed. By 1918 the 75s became the main agents of delivery for <a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare#Dispersion" title="Chemical warfare">toxic gas shells</a>. The 75s also became widely used as truck mounted <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft artillery">anti-aircraft artillery</a>. They were the main armament of the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Chamond_(tank)" title="Saint-Chamond (tank)">Saint-Chamond tank</a> in 1918 and the <a href="/wiki/Char_2c" class="mw-redirect" title="Char 2c">Char 2c</a>. </p><p>The French 75 is widely regarded as the first modern artillery piece.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roberts_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first <a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">field gun</a> to include a <a href="/wiki/Hydro-pneumatic_recoil_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism">hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism</a>, which kept the gun's trail and wheels perfectly still during the firing sequence. Since it did not need to be re-aimed after each shot, the crew could reload and fire as soon as the barrel returned to its resting position. In typical use the French 75 could deliver fifteen rounds per minute on its target, either shrapnel or <a href="/wiki/Picric_acid" title="Picric acid">melinite</a> <a href="/wiki/High-explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High-explosive">high-explosive</a>, up to about 8,500 m (5.3 mi) away. Its firing rate could even reach close to 30 rounds per minute, albeit only for a very short time and with a highly experienced crew. </p><p>At the opening of World War I, in 1914, the <a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">French Army</a> had about 4,000 of these field guns in service. By the end of the war about 12,000 had been produced. It was also in service with the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Forces" title="American Expeditionary Forces">American Expeditionary Forces</a>, which had been supplied with about 2,000 French 75 field guns. Several thousand were still in use in the French Army at the opening of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, updated with new wheels and tires to allow towing by trucks rather than by horses. The French 75 set the pattern for almost all early-20th century field pieces, with guns of mostly 75 mm forming the basis of many field artillery units into the early stages of World War II. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The forerunner of the French 75 was an experimental 57 mm gun which was first assembled in September 1891 at the <a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> arsenal under the direction of Captain Sainte-Claire Deville. This 57 mm gun took advantage of a number of the most advanced artillery technologies available at the time: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marie_Eug%C3%A8ne_Vieille" title="Paul Marie Eugène Vieille">Vieille</a>'s smokeless powder, which was introduced in 1884.</li> <li>Self-contained ammunition, with the powder charge in a <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> case which also held the shell.</li> <li>An early <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_recoil_mechanism" title="Hydraulic recoil mechanism">hydro-pneumatic</a> short recoil mechanism that was designed by Major Louis Baquet.</li> <li>A rotating screw <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">breech</a> built under license from <a href="/wiki/Thorsten_Nordenfelt" title="Thorsten Nordenfelt">Thorsten Nordenfelt</a>.</li></ol> <p>The only major design difference between the 57 and 75 that would emerge was the recoil system. But even before the 57 entered testing, in 1890 General Mathieu, Director of Artillery at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(France)" title="Ministry of War (France)">Ministry of War</a>, had been informed that Konrad Haussner, a German engineer working at the <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a> arsenal, had patented an oil-and-compressed-air long-recoil system. They also learned that <a href="/wiki/Krupp" title="Krupp">Krupp</a> was considering introducing the system after testing it. Krupp would later reject Haussner's invention, due to insoluble technical problems caused by <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid" title="Hydraulic fluid">hydraulic fluid</a> leakage. </p><p>In 1891 Haussner sold his patents to a firm named <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Gruson" class="extiw" title="de:Hermann Gruson">Gruson</a>, which searched for potential buyers. After reviewing the blueprints in February 1892, the French artillery engineers advised that a gun should be produced without purchasing the Haussner invention. Accordingly, General Mathieu turned to Lt. Colonel <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Albert_Deport" title="Joseph-Albert Deport">Joseph-Albert Deport</a>, at the time the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Atelier_de_Construction_de_Puteaux" title="Atelier de Construction de Puteaux">Atelier de Construction de Puteaux</a> (APX), and asked him whether he could construct a gun on the general principle of the Haussner long-cylinder recoil without infringing the existing patents. After it was judged possible, a formal request was sent out on 13 July 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It took five more years under the overall leadership of Mathieu's successor, General Deloye, to perfect and finally adopt in March 1898 an improved and final version of the Deport 75 mm long-recoil field gun. Various deceptions, some of them linked to the <a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus Case</a> which erupted in 1894, had been implemented by Deloye and French counter-intelligence to distract German espionage.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final experimental version of Deport's 75 mm field gun was tested during the summer of 1894 and judged very promising. Extensive trials, however, revealed that it was still prone to <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid" title="Hydraulic fluid">hydraulic fluid</a> leakage from the long-recoil mechanism. The Deport 75 was returned to Puteaux arsenal for further improvements. Hydraulic fluid leakage was typical of this experimental phase of artillery development during the 1890s, as Haussner and Krupp had previously experienced. </p><p>In December 1894, Deport was passed over for promotion, and resigned to join "<a href="/wiki/Compagnie_anonyme_de_Ch%C3%A2tillon_et_Commentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie anonyme de Châtillon et Commentry">Chatillon-Commentry</a>", a private armaments firm. Two young military engineers from <a href="/wiki/Ecole_Polytechnique" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecole Polytechnique">Ecole Polytechnique</a>, Captains Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville and Emile Rimailho, continued development and introduced an improved version in 1896. Their contribution was a leakproof hydro-pneumatic long-recoil mechanism which they named "Frein II" (Brake # II). A major improvement was the placement of improved silver-alloy rings on the freely moving piston which separated the compressed air and the hydraulic fluid inside the main hydro-pneumatic recoil cylinder. These and other modifications achieved the desired result: the long-term retention of hydraulic fluid and compressed air inside the recoil system, even under the worst field conditions. </p><p>Captain Sainte-Claire Deville also designed important additional features, such as a device for piercing the <a href="/wiki/Fuse_(explosives)" title="Fuse (explosives)">fuzes</a> of shrapnel shells automatically during the firing sequence (an "automatic fuze-setter"), thus selecting the desired bursting distance. The independent sight had also been perfected for easy field use by the crews, and a nickel-steel shield was added to protect the gunners. The armored <a href="/wiki/Limbers_and_caissons" title="Limbers and caissons">caissons</a> were designed to be tilted in order to present the shells horizontally to the crews. The wheel brakes could be swung under each wheel ("abattage"), and, together with the trail spade, they immobilized the gun during firing. </p><p>The gun was officially adopted on 28 March 1898 under the name "<b><i>Matériel de</i> 75 mm <i>Mle 1</i>897</b>". The public saw it for the first time during the <a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> parade of 14 July 1899. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydro-pneumatic_recoil_mechanism">Hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canon_de_75_breech_mechanism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Canon_de_75_breech_mechanism.jpg/220px-Canon_de_75_breech_mechanism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Canon_de_75_breech_mechanism.jpg/330px-Canon_de_75_breech_mechanism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Canon_de_75_breech_mechanism.jpg/440px-Canon_de_75_breech_mechanism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2162" data-file-height="2544" /></a><figcaption>The Nordenfelt breech mechanism</figcaption></figure> <p>The gun's barrel slid back on rollers, including a set at the muzzle, when the shot was fired. The barrel was attached near the breech to a piston rod extending into an oil-filled cylinder placed just underneath the gun. When the barrel recoiled, the piston was pulled back by the barrel's recoil and thus pushed the oil through a small orifice and into a second cylinder placed underneath. That second cylinder contained a freely floating piston which separated the surging oil from a confined volume of compressed air. During the barrel's recoil the floating piston was forced forward by the oil, compressing the air even further. This action absorbed the recoil progressively as the internal air pressure rose and, at the end of recoil, generated a strong but decreasing back pressure that returned the gun forward to its original position. The smoothness of this system had no equal in 1897, and for at least another ten years. Each recoil cycle on the French 75, including the return forward, lasted about two seconds, permitting a maximum theoretical firing rate of about 30 rounds per minute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ammunition">Ammunition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ammunition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning in 1914, the French 75 fired two main types of shells, both with high muzzle velocities (535 m/s for the shrapnel shell) and a maximum range of 8,500 metres. Their relatively flat trajectories extended all the way to the designated targets. French 75 shells, at least initially in 1914, were essentially <a href="/wiki/Anti-personnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-personnel">anti-personnel</a>. They had been designed for the specific purpose of inflicting maximum <a href="/wiki/Casualties" class="mw-redirect" title="Casualties">casualties</a> on enemy troops stationing or advancing in the open. </p> <ul><li>A 5.3-kilogram (12 lb) impact-detonated, thin-walled steel, high-explosive (HE) shell with a time-delay <a href="/wiki/Fuze" title="Fuze">fuze</a>. It was filled with <a href="/wiki/Picric_acid" title="Picric acid">picric acid</a>, known in France as "Melinite", used since 1888. The delay lasted five hundredths of a second, designed to detonate the shell in the air and at a man's height after bouncing forward off the ground. These shells were particularly destructive to men's lungs when exploding in their proximity.</li> <li>A 7.24-kilogram (16.0 lb) time-fused <a href="/wiki/Shrapnel_shell" title="Shrapnel shell">shrapnel shell</a> containing 290 lead balls. The balls shot forward when the fuse's timer reached zero, ideally bursting high above the ground and enemy troops. During 1914 and 1915, the shrapnel shell was the dominant type of ammunition found in the French 75 batteries. However, by 1918, high-explosive shells had become virtually the sole type of 75 mm ammunition remaining in service.</li></ul> <p>Several new shells and fuses were introduced due to the demands of trench warfare. In 1918, a boat-tailed shell (with a superior <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_coefficient" title="Ballistic coefficient">ballistic coefficient</a>) which could reach 11,000 metres (12,000 yd) was deployed for use during the latter part of the war. Developed through French artillery research, it increased the effective range of the French 75 by about thirty-eight percent.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every shell, whether it be a high-explosive or shrapnel shell, was fixed to a brass case which was ejected when the breech was manually opened. Semi-automatic breech opening and shell ejection during recoil and return had not been developed yet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rapid_fire_capability">Rapid fire capability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rapid fire capability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canon_de_75_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canon_de_75_back.jpg/220px-Canon_de_75_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canon_de_75_back.jpg/330px-Canon_de_75_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canon_de_75_back.jpg/440px-Canon_de_75_back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1863" /></a><figcaption>Rear view of the French 75</figcaption></figure> <p>The French 75 introduced a new concept in artillery technology: rapid firing without realigning the gun after each shot.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Older artillery had to be resighted after each shot in order to stay on target, and thus fired no more than two aimed shots per minute. The French 75 easily delivered fifteen aimed rounds per minute and could fire even faster for short periods of time, but the long-term sustained rate was 3-4 rounds per minute as more than this would overheat the barrel.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rate of fire, the gun's accuracy, and the lethality of the ammunition against personnel, made the French 75 superior to all other regimental field artillery at the time. When made ready for action, the first shot buried the trail spade and the two wheel anchors into the ground, following which all other shots were fired from a stable platform. Bringing down the wheel anchors tied to the braking system was called "<i>abattage</i>". The gun could not be elevated beyond eighteen degrees, unless the trail spade had been deeply dug into the ground; however, the 75 mm field gun was not designed for <a href="/wiki/Plunging_fire" title="Plunging fire">plunging fire</a>. The gun could be traversed laterally 3 degrees to the sides by sliding the trail on the wheel's axle. Progressive traversing together with small changes in elevation could be carried out while continuously firing, called "<i>fauchage</i>" or "sweeping fire". A four-gun battery firing shrapnel could deliver 17,000 ball projectiles over an area 100 metres wide by 400 metres long in a single minute, with devastating results. Because of the gun's traversing ability, the greater the distance to the enemy concentration, the wider the area that could be swept. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I_service">World War I service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Special:EditPage/Canon de 75 modèle 1897">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Militaire-Notre_glorieux_75-ND.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Militaire-Notre_glorieux_75-ND.JPG/170px-Militaire-Notre_glorieux_75-ND.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Militaire-Notre_glorieux_75-ND.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>"Our glorious 75", propaganda postcard</figcaption></figure> <p>Each Mle 1897 75 mm field gun battery of 4 guns consisted of 170 men led by four officers recruited among graduates of engineering schools. Enlisted men from the countryside were given charge of the six horses that pulled each gun and its first limber. Another six horses pulled each additional limber and caisson which were assigned to each gun. A battery included 160 horses, most of them pulling ammunition as well as repair and supply caissons. </p><p>The French artillery entered the war in August 1914 with more than 4,000 Mle 1897 75 mm field guns (1,000 batteries of four guns each). Over 17,500 Mle 1897 75 mm field guns were produced during World War I, over and above the 4,100 French 75s which were already deployed by the French Army in August 1914. All the essential parts, including the gun's barrel and the oleo-pneumatic recoil mechanisms were manufactured by French State arsenals: Puteaux, Bourges, <a href="/wiki/Manufacture_d%27armes_de_Ch%C3%A2tellerault" title="Manufacture d'armes de Châtellerault">Châtellerault</a> and St Etienne. A truck-mounted anti-aircraft version of the French 75 was assembled by the automobile firm of <a href="/wiki/De_Dion-Bouton" title="De Dion-Bouton">De Dion-Bouton</a> and adopted in 1913. </p><p>The total production of 75 mm shells during World War I exceeded 200 million rounds, mostly by private industry. In order to increase shell production from 20,000 rounds per day to 100,000 in 1915, the government turned to civilian contractors, and, as a result, shell quality deteriorated. This led to an epidemic of burst barrels which afflicted 75 mm artillery during 1915. Colonel Sainte-Claire Deville corrected the problem, which was due to microfissures in the bases of the shells, due to shortcuts in manufacturing. Shell quality was restored by September 1915, but never to the full exacting standards of pre-war manufacture. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Char_St_Chamond_tank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Char_St_Chamond_tank.jpg/220px-Char_St_Chamond_tank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Char_St_Chamond_tank.jpg/330px-Char_St_Chamond_tank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Char_St_Chamond_tank.jpg/440px-Char_St_Chamond_tank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>The M.1897 75 mm field gun was used as the main armament of the <a href="/wiki/St_Chamond_(tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Chamond (tank)">St Chamond</a> tank, after the production of the 165th vehicle.</figcaption></figure> <p>The French 75 gave its best performances during the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">Battle of the Marne</a> in August–September 1914 and at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Verdun</a> in 1916. At the time the contribution of 75 mm artillery to these military successes, and thus to the French victories that ensued, was seen as significant.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the case of Verdun, over 1,000 French 75s (250 batteries) were constantly in action, night and day, on the battlefield during a period of nearly nine months. The total consumption of 75 mm shells at Verdun during the period February 21 to September 30, 1916, is documented by the public record at the <i>Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre</i> to have been in excess of 16 million rounds, or nearly 70% of all shells fired by French artillery during that battle. The French 75 was a devastating anti-personnel weapon against waves of infantry attacking in the open, as at the Marne and Verdun. However, its shells were comparatively light and lacked the power to obliterate <a href="/wiki/Trench" title="Trench">trench</a> works, concrete bunkers and deeply buried shelters. Thus, with time, the French 75 batteries became routinely used to cut corridors with high-explosive shells, across the belts of German <a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">barbed wire</a>. After 1916, the 75 batteries became the carriers of choice to deliver <a href="/wiki/Toxic_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic gas">toxic gas</a> shells, including <a href="/wiki/Mustard_gas" title="Mustard gas">mustard gas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phosgene" title="Phosgene">phosgene</a>. </p><p>The French Army had to wait until early 1917 to receive in numbers fast-firing heavy artillery equipped with hydraulic recoil brakes (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_C_mod%C3%A8le_1917_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider">155 mm Schneider howitzer</a> and the long-range <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_mm_GPF" title="Canon de 155 mm GPF">Canon de 155 mm GPF</a>). In the meantime it had to do with a total of about four thousand <a href="/wiki/De_Bange" class="mw-redirect" title="De Bange">de Bange</a> 90 mm, 120 mm and 155 mm field and converted fortress guns, all without recoil brakes, that were effective but inferior in rate of fire to the more modern German heavy artillery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interwar_service">Interwar service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interwar service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visite_de_l%27%C3%A9mir_Fay%C3%A7al_au_camp_de_Satory_1932_-_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Visite_de_l%27%C3%A9mir_Fay%C3%A7al_au_camp_de_Satory_1932_-_05.jpg/220px-Visite_de_l%27%C3%A9mir_Fay%C3%A7al_au_camp_de_Satory_1932_-_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Visite_de_l%27%C3%A9mir_Fay%C3%A7al_au_camp_de_Satory_1932_-_05.jpg/330px-Visite_de_l%27%C3%A9mir_Fay%C3%A7al_au_camp_de_Satory_1932_-_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Visite_de_l%27%C3%A9mir_Fay%C3%A7al_au_camp_de_Satory_1932_-_05.jpg/440px-Visite_de_l%27%C3%A9mir_Fay%C3%A7al_au_camp_de_Satory_1932_-_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="5234" /></a><figcaption>French Army <i>Canon de 75 Mle 97</i> mounted on bogies, 1932.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the interwar, the French army kept the Mle 1897 in service and it continued to be the main gun of the French field artillery. The surplus guns were soon sold to allied countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upgrades were considered in the 1920s, such as the use of a split trail carriages. The prototypes were satisfactory but the French Army decided not to fund the improvements, choosing instead to develop a new model. That new plan was abandoned after the 1920s budget cuts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBM106_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBM106-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, a few Mle 1897 guns were modernized between the wars. The <a href="/wiki/Rif_War" title="Rif War">Rif War</a> showed the vulnerability of the crew against snipers during guerilla operations. The <i>roues métalliques DAG</i>, solid metallic wheels, were developed in the late 1920s to offer more protection to the crew, although they were very noisy during movements. They were mostly sent to units serving in the North African colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBM106_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBM106-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1928, the French Army also adopted bogies to enable transport by motor vehicles, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citro%C3%ABn-K%C3%A9gresse_P17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citroën-Kégresse P17 (page does not exist)">Citroën-Kégresse P17</a>. Mounted on the bogies, the guns could be towed at a maximum speed of 30 km/h on the road<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the removal of the bogies was complicated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202027_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202027-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202030_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202030-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canon_de_75_Mle_1897-33-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Canon_de_75_Mle_1897-33-1.jpg/220px-Canon_de_75_Mle_1897-33-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Canon_de_75_Mle_1897-33-1.jpg/330px-Canon_de_75_Mle_1897-33-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Canon_de_75_Mle_1897-33-1.jpg/440px-Canon_de_75_Mle_1897-33-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Canon de 75 Mle 1897/33</figcaption></figure> <p>A more modern version of the Mle 1897, the <i>Canon de 75 Mle 1897/33</i>, mounted the original barrel and recoil mechanism on a new split-trail carriage. In addition to the new carriage the Mle 1897/33 had a new gun shield, pneumatic tires, sprung suspension, and the wheels "toed in" when the trails were spread. The new carriage offered higher angles of traverse and elevation than the earlier box-trail carriage.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Mle 1897/33 was inferior to the new <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_105_court_mle_1935_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 105 court mle 1935 B"><i>Canon de 105 C Mle 1935 B</i></a> that used the same carriage, so it was only built in small numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202026_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202026-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more modest upgrade to the Mle 1897 was the <i>Canon de 75 Mle 1897/38</i> which was a modernized field artillery variant. The original box-trail carriage was retained but the gun had a new gun shield, sprung suspension and pneumatic tires for motor transport.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 75 Mle 1897 was also considered as a possible anti-tank gun by the French Army, who in 1936 ordered a new circular platform, the <i>plateforme Arbel Mle 1935</i>. Mounted on that platform, the Mle 1897 gun could now quickly traverse to engage enemy tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202027_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202027-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period a number of the guns entered Irish service, being sourced from Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II_service">World War II service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MWP_wz_1897_Schneider_75_mm_gun.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/MWP_wz_1897_Schneider_75_mm_gun.JPG/220px-MWP_wz_1897_Schneider_75_mm_gun.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/MWP_wz_1897_Schneider_75_mm_gun.JPG/330px-MWP_wz_1897_Schneider_75_mm_gun.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/MWP_wz_1897_Schneider_75_mm_gun.JPG/440px-MWP_wz_1897_Schneider_75_mm_gun.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A 75 mm armata wz.1897 in the Polish Army Museum, Warsaw.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite obsolescence brought on by new developments in artillery design, large numbers of 75s were still in use in 1939 (4,500 in the French Army alone), and they eventually found their way into a number of unlikely places. A substantial number had been delivered to Poland in 1919–20, together with infantry ordnance, in order to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Soviet_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Soviet War">Polish-Soviet War</a>. They were known as <i>75 mm armata wz.1897</i>. In 1939 the Polish army had 1,374 of these guns, making it by far the most numerous artillery piece in Polish service.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many were captured by Germany during the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">Fall of France</a> in 1940, in addition to Polish guns captured in 1939. Over 3,500 were modified with a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_brake" title="Muzzle brake">muzzle brake</a> and mounted on a <a href="/wiki/5_cm_Pak_38" title="5 cm Pak 38">5 cm Pak 38</a> carriage, now named <a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_97/38" title="7.5 cm Pak 97/38">7.5 cm Pak 97/38</a> they were used by the Wehrmacht in 1942 as an emergency weapon against the Soviet Union's <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov_tank" title="Kliment Voroshilov tank">KV</a> tanks. Its relatively low velocity and a lack of modern armor-piercing ammunition limited its effectiveness as an anti-tank weapon. When the German <a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_40" title="7.5 cm Pak 40">7.5 cm Pak 40</a> became available in sufficient numbers, most remaining Pak 97/38 pieces were returned to occupied France to reinforce the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a> defenses or were supplied to Axis nations like Romania (PAK 97/38) and Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202044_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202044-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202045_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202045-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-modified remainders were used as second-line and coastal artillery pieces under the German designation <i>7.5 cm FK 231(f)</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202045_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202045-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>7,5 cm FK 97(p)</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The few 60 Mle 1897/33s captured by the Germans were given the designation <i>7.5 cm K232(f)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202043_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202043-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_service">British service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: British service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allied_Forces_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H9522.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Allied_Forces_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H9522.jpg/220px-Allied_Forces_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H9522.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Allied_Forces_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H9522.jpg/330px-Allied_Forces_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H9522.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Allied_Forces_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H9522.jpg/440px-Allied_Forces_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H9522.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>Gunners of the <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Polish_Armed_Forces_in_the_West)" class="mw-redirect" title="I Corps (Polish Armed Forces in the West)">1st Polish Corps</a> hitching their French-built 75 mm field gun to a <a href="/wiki/Morris_C8" title="Morris C8">Morris-Commercial C8 'Quad'</a> artillery tractor during a training exercise.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1915 Britain acquired a number of "autocanon de 75 mm mle 1913" anti-aircraft guns, as a stopgap measure while it developed its own anti-aircraft alternatives. They were used in the defence of Britain, usually mounted on de Dion motor lorries using the French mounting which the British referred to as the "Breech Trunnion". Britain also purchased a number of the standard 75 mm guns and adapted them for AA use using a <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Ordnance_Works" title="Coventry Ordnance Works">Coventry Ordnance Works</a> mounting, the "Centre Trunnion".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Armistice there were 29 guns in service in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1940, with many British field guns lost in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a>, 895 M1897 field guns and a million rounds of ammunition were purchased from the U.S. Army. For political purposes, the sale to the <a href="/wiki/British_Purchasing_Commission" title="British Purchasing Commission">British Purchasing Commission</a> was made through the <a href="/wiki/US_Steel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="US Steel Corporation">US Steel Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basic, unmodified gun was known in British service as "Ordnance, QF, 75 mm Mk 1", although many of the guns were issued to units on converted or updated mountings. They were operated by field artillery and anti-tank units. Some of the guns had their wheels and part of their carriages cut away so that they could be mounted on a pedestal called a "Mounting, 75 mm Mk 1". These weapons were employed as light <a href="/wiki/Coastal_artillery" title="Coastal artillery">coastal artillery</a> and were not declared obsolete until March 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II through <a href="/wiki/Lend_Lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lend Lease">Lend Lease</a>, the British received 170 American half-track <a href="/wiki/M3_gun_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 gun motor carriage">M3 gun motor carriage</a> which mounted a 75 mm; they used these in Italy and Northern Europe until the end of the war as fire-support vehicles in <a href="/wiki/Armoured_car_regiment" title="Armoured car regiment">armoured car regiments</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romanian_service">Romanian service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Romanian service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romania had a considerable number of World War I guns of 75 mm and 76.2 mm. Some models were modernized at <a href="/wiki/Re%C8%99i%C8%9Ba_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Reșița works">Resita works</a> in 1935 including French md. 1897. The upgrade was made with removable barrels. Several types of guns of close caliber were barreled to use the best ammunition available for 75 mm caliber, explosive projectile model 1917 "Schneider". The new barrel was made of steel alloy with chrome and nickel with excellent mechanical resistance to pressure which allowed, after modifying the firing brake, the recovery arch and the sighting devices an increase of the range from 8.5 km to 11.2 km and a rate of fire of 20 rounds/minute. During World War 2 these guns also used Costinescu 75 mm anti-tank round. These upgraded field guns were used in all infantry divisions in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._service">U.S. service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: U.S. service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:75mm_field_gun_m1897_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/75mm_field_gun_m1897_2.jpg/220px-75mm_field_gun_m1897_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/75mm_field_gun_m1897_2.jpg/330px-75mm_field_gun_m1897_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/75mm_field_gun_m1897_2.jpg/440px-75mm_field_gun_m1897_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>"Bridget" in 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/US75FiringWWI.ogv/220px--US75FiringWWI.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="US75FiringWWI.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:US75FiringWWI.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/US75FiringWWI.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/US75FiringWWI.ogv/US75FiringWWI.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/US75FiringWWI.ogv/US75FiringWWI.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Newsreel footage of U.S. gunners preparing a gun position and then engaging in rapid fire in World War I.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JBLM_Artillery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/JBLM_Artillery.jpg/220px-JBLM_Artillery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/JBLM_Artillery.jpg/330px-JBLM_Artillery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/JBLM_Artillery.jpg/440px-JBLM_Artillery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>M1897 on an M2A2 anti-tank gun carriage.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> adopted the French 75 mm field gun during World War I and used it extensively in battle. The U.S. designation of the basic weapon was <b>75 mm Gun M1897</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 480 American 75 mm field gun batteries (over 1,900 guns) on the battlefields of France in November 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowell1919_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowell1919-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manufacture of the French 75 by American industry began in the spring of 1918 and quickly built up to an accelerated pace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowell1919_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowell1919-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carriages were built by <a href="/wiki/Willys-Overland" class="mw-redirect" title="Willys-Overland">Willys-Overland</a>, the hydro-pneumatic recuperators by <a href="/wiki/Singer_Manufacturing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Singer Manufacturing Company">Singer Manufacturing Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_Arsenal" title="Rock Island Arsenal">Rock Island Arsenal</a>, the cannon itself by Symington-Anderson and Wisconsin Gun Company. American industry built 1,050 French 75s during World War I, but only 143 had been shipped to France by 11 November 1918; most American batteries used French-built 75s in action. </p><p>The first U.S. artillery shots in action in World War I were fired by Battery C, 6th Field Artillery on October 23, 1917, with a French 75 named "Bridget" which is preserved today at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Ordnance_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Ordnance Museum">United States Army Ordnance Museum</a>. During his service with the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Forces" title="American Expeditionary Forces">American Expeditionary Forces</a>, Captain (and future U.S. President) <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> commanded a battery of French 75s. </p><p>By the early 1930s, the only U.S. artillery units that remained horse-drawn were those assigned to infantry and cavalry divisions. During the 1930s, most M1897A2 and A3 (French made) and M1897A4 (American made) guns were subsequently modernized for towing behind trucks by <a href="/wiki/75_mm_field_gun_M1897_on_M2_carriage" title="75 mm field gun M1897 on M2 carriage">mounting it on the modern carriage M2A3</a> which featured a <a href="/wiki/Gun_carriage#Modern_gun_carriages" title="Gun carriage">split trail</a>, pneumatic rubber tires allowing towing at any speed, an elevation limit increased to 45 degrees, and traverse increased to 30 degrees left and right. Along with new ammunition, these features increased the effective range and allowed the gun to be used as an anti-tank gun, in which form it equipped the first tank destroyer battalions. </p><p> In 1941, these guns began to become surplus when they were gradually being replaced by the M2A1 <a href="/wiki/M101_howitzer" title="M101 howitzer">105 mm M101 split-trail Howitzer</a>; some were removed from their towed carriages and installed on the <a href="/wiki/M3_Half-Track" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 Half-Track">M3 Half-Track</a> as the <a href="/wiki/M3_gun_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 gun motor carriage">M3 gun motor carriage</a> (GMC) <a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer#United_Stagtes" title="Tank destroyer">tank destroyers</a>. However, equipment shortages led to the M1897s remaining in the inventory of U.S. Army units in the Philippine Islands as well as in artillery units of the Philippine Army as of December 1941, and they would be used in action against the Japanese before the Allied forces in the Philippines surrendered in May 1942. M3 GMCs were used in the Pacific theater during the Battle for the Philippines and by Marine Regimental Weapons Companies until 1944. The M3 GMC also formed the equipment of the early American tank destroyer battalions during operations in North Africa and Italy, and continued in use with the British in Italy and in small numbers in Northern Europe until the end of the war. Many others were used for training until 1942.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batterie_d%27honneur_de_l%27artillerie_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Investiture_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_du_15_mai_2012_-_031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Batterie_d%27honneur_de_l%27artillerie_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Investiture_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_du_15_mai_2012_-_031.jpg/220px-Batterie_d%27honneur_de_l%27artillerie_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Investiture_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_du_15_mai_2012_-_031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Batterie_d%27honneur_de_l%27artillerie_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Investiture_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_du_15_mai_2012_-_031.jpg/330px-Batterie_d%27honneur_de_l%27artillerie_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Investiture_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_du_15_mai_2012_-_031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Batterie_d%27honneur_de_l%27artillerie_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Investiture_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_du_15_mai_2012_-_031.jpg/440px-Batterie_d%27honneur_de_l%27artillerie_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Investiture_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_du_15_mai_2012_-_031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>A mle 1897 <a href="/wiki/Saluting_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Saluting gun">Saluting gun</a>, in front of the Invalides after firing a 21-gun salute in honor of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande's</a> presidential inauguration.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/75_mm_gun_M2/M3/M6" class="mw-redirect" title="75 mm gun M2/M3/M6">75 mm M2 and M3</a> tank guns of the <a href="/wiki/M3_Lee" title="M3 Lee">M3 Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman</a> Medium tanks, the <a href="/wiki/75_mm_gun_M2/M3/M6" class="mw-redirect" title="75 mm gun M2/M3/M6">75 mm M6</a> tank gun of the <a href="/wiki/M24_Chaffee" title="M24 Chaffee">M24 Chaffee</a> light tank and the 75 mm gun of <a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell#Use_as_a_gunship" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">the -G and -H subtypes of the B-25 Mitchell</a> bomber all used the same ammunition as the M1897. The <a href="/wiki/M116_howitzer" title="M116 howitzer">75 mm Pack Howitzer M1</a> used the same projectiles fired from a smaller 75×272R case. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_usage">Contemporary usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Contemporary usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Canon de 75 modèle 1897 is still used in France as a <a href="/wiki/Gun_salute" title="Gun salute">saluting gun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the French Army discarded its <a href="/wiki/M101_howitzer#Use_by_non-US_militaries" title="M101 howitzer">105 HM2</a> howitzers to replace them with <a href="/wiki/Mortier_120_mm_Ray%C3%A9_Tract%C3%A9_Mod%C3%A8le_F1" title="Mortier 120 mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1">MO-120-RT</a> mortars,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only 155 mm artillery pieces remained, for which no blank cartridges were available. The Army then recommissioned two Canon de 75 modèle 1897, then located at the Musée de l'Artillerie de Draguignan. They are used for State ceremonies. </p><p>The 75 was also innovatively used to mitigate avalanche risk at Alta Ski Area by Monty Atwater after returning from service in WWII. Using artillery and explosives then became the state of the art for avalanche mitigation, and Alta, as a world-renowned home of avalanche research, used this tool for 75 years until it was retired in favor of more modern, effective, and safe techniques after the 2023 ski season. It was notably the only place in the world in which live artillery was allowed to be shot over the heads of civilians, and may be the only place in which this gun was used for a purely peaceful purpose, and to save lives in place of taking them. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants_and_derivatives">Variants and derivatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Variants and derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_and_coastal_artillery">Naval and coastal artillery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Naval and coastal artillery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ignacy_Moscicki_Gdynia_1937_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ignacy_Moscicki_Gdynia_1937_01.jpg/220px-Ignacy_Moscicki_Gdynia_1937_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ignacy_Moscicki_Gdynia_1937_01.jpg/330px-Ignacy_Moscicki_Gdynia_1937_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ignacy_Moscicki_Gdynia_1937_01.jpg/440px-Ignacy_Moscicki_Gdynia_1937_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A navalized mle 1897 on board the Polish torpedo boat <a href="/wiki/ORP_Mazur" title="ORP Mazur">ORP Mazur</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The French Navy adopted the 75 mm modèle 1897 for its coastal batteries<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and warships<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 75 mm modèle 1897–1915<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was placed on SMCA modèle 1925 mountings with a vertical elevation of -10 to +70° and a 360° rotation. This allowed it to be used in an anti-aircraft role. </p><p>New 75 mm guns were developed specifically for anti-aircraft use. The '75 mm modèle 1922', '75 mm modèle 1924' and '75 mm modèle 1927'<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 50 calibre were developed from the 62.5 calibre '75 mm Schneider modèle 1908' mounted on the <a href="/wiki/Danton-class_battleship" title="Danton-class battleship">Danton-class battleships</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_artillery">Field artillery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Field artillery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cayenne_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou_cannon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cayenne_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou_cannon.jpg/220px-Cayenne_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou_cannon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cayenne_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou_cannon.jpg/330px-Cayenne_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou_cannon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cayenne_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou_cannon.jpg/440px-Cayenne_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou_cannon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7056" data-file-height="4424" /></a><figcaption>Canon de 75 modèle 1897 modifié 1938 in <a href="/wiki/Fort_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou" title="Fort Cépérou">Fort Cépérou</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>canon de 75 mm mle 1897 à roues métalliques DAG</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>variant with solid metallic wheels to protect the crew from small arms fire.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>canon de 75 mm mle 1897 modifié 1938</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>motorized artillery variant with wooden wheels replaced by metallic wheels with pneumatic tires, altered shield</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-tank">Anti-tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Anti-tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:75mm_m97-38_hameenlinna_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/75mm_m97-38_hameenlinna_1.jpg/220px-75mm_m97-38_hameenlinna_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/75mm_m97-38_hameenlinna_1.jpg/330px-75mm_m97-38_hameenlinna_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/75mm_m97-38_hameenlinna_1.jpg/440px-75mm_m97-38_hameenlinna_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_97/38" title="7.5 cm Pak 97/38">7.5 cm Pak 97/38</a> anti-tank gun featured a large <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_brake" title="Muzzle brake">muzzle brake</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Canon de 75 mm mle 1897 modifié 1933</i> - split-trail carriage allowing 58° traverse and -6° to +50° elevation. The solid wheels turn with the trails to offer more protection to the crew.</li> <li><i>Canon de 75 mm mle 1897 sur plateforme Arbel modèle 1935</i> - version mounted on a circular platform for quick traverse</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/7.5_cm_Pak_97/38" title="7.5 cm Pak 97/38">7.5 cm Pak 97/38</a></i> - Several thousand captured French guns were modified by the Germans during World War II as makeshift anti-tank guns, by adding a Swiss-designed muzzle brake and mounting it on German-built carriages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-aircraft">Anti-aircraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Anti-aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_AA_gun_Model_1897_LOC_npcc_19802.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/French_AA_gun_Model_1897_LOC_npcc_19802.jpg/220px-French_AA_gun_Model_1897_LOC_npcc_19802.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/French_AA_gun_Model_1897_LOC_npcc_19802.jpg/330px-French_AA_gun_Model_1897_LOC_npcc_19802.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/French_AA_gun_Model_1897_LOC_npcc_19802.jpg/440px-French_AA_gun_Model_1897_LOC_npcc_19802.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>A De Dion-Bouton self-propelled gun</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>autocanon de 75 mm mle 1913</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>self-propelled anti-aircraft variant, on <a href="/wiki/De_Dion-Bouton" title="De Dion-Bouton">De Dion-Bouton</a> chassis using <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_antia%C3%A9rien_mle_1913-1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917">Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>canon de 75 mm contre-aéroplanes sur plateforme mle 1915</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>static anti-aircraft variant on rotating platform</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>canon de 75 mm contre-aéroplanes mle 1917</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>anti-aircraft variant on 1-axle trailer with stabilizer legs.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_75_(cocktail)" title="French 75 (cocktail)">French 75 (cocktail)</a> cocktail named for the gun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QF_18-pounder_gun" title="QF 18-pounder gun">QF 18-pounder gun</a> British gun of similar abilities</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFoss1977" class="citation book cs1">Foss, Christopher (1977). <i>Jane's pocket book of towed artillery</i>. New York: Collier. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0020806004" title="Special:BookSources/978-0020806004"><bdi>978-0020806004</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/911907988">911907988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+pocket+book+of+towed+artillery&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Collier&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F911907988&rft.isbn=978-0020806004&rft.aulast=Foss&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Bishop, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MuGsf0psjvcC&pg=PA137">"Canon de 75 modèle 1897"</a>, The encyclopedia of weapons of World War II, pg. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roberts-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roberts_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Priscilla Mary Roberts, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TogXVHTlxG4C&pg=PA726">"French 75 gun"</a>, World War One, pg. 726</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenne2007" class="citation book cs1">Menne, Bernard (2007). <i>Blood and Steel - the Rise of the House of Krupp</i>. READ BOOKS. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-5533-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-5533-6"><bdi>978-1-4067-5533-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+and+Steel+-+the+Rise+of+the+House+of+Krupp&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=READ+BOOKS&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4067-5533-6&rft.aulast=Menne&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoise1994" class="citation book cs1">Doise, Jean (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028101444/http://www.worldwar1.com/france/dreyfus.htm"><i>Un secret bien garde: Histoire militaire de 1'Affaire Dreyfus</i></a>. Paris: Editions du Seuil. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-02-021100-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-02-021100-0"><bdi>978-2-02-021100-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwar1.com/france/dreyfus.htm">the original</a> on 28 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+secret+bien+garde%3A+Histoire+militaire+de+1%27Affaire+Dreyfus&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Editions+du+Seuil&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-2-02-021100-0&rft.aulast=Doise&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwar1.com%2Ffrance%2Fdreyfus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkson1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Clarkson" title="Grosvenor Clarkson">Clarkson, Grosvenor B.</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/industrialameric00clar_0/page/90/mode/1up"><i>Industrial America in the World War: The Strategy Behind the Line, 1917–1918</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+America+in+the+World+War%3A+The+Strategy+Behind+the+Line%2C+1917%E2%80%931918&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Clarkson&rft.aufirst=Grosvenor+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findustrialameric00clar_0%2Fpage%2F90%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Shelford, and Graham, Dominick, <i>Fire-power — The British Army Weapons and Theory of War 1904–1945</i>, Pen & Sword Books, 2004, pp 8–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian V. Hogg, 1971, <i>The Guns 1914–18</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-23838-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-23838-0">978-0-330-23838-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202025_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZaloga2020">Zaloga 2020</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBM106-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GBM106_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GBM106_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois2013" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">François, Guy (October 2013). "Améliorer le canon de 75 ? - Seconde partie, 1919-1940" [Improve the 75 mm gun? Second part, 1919-1940]. <i>Histoire de Guerre, Blindés et Matériel</i> (in French). No. 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histoire+de+Guerre%2C+Blind%C3%A9s+et+Mat%C3%A9riel&rft.atitle=Am%C3%A9liorer+le+canon+de+75+%3F+-+Seconde+partie%2C+1919-1940&rft.issue=106&rft.date=2013-10&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVauvillier2022" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vauvillier, François (January 2022). "Les tracteurs d'artillerie Citroën-Kégresse" [The Citroën-Kégresse artillery tractors]. <i>Histoire de Guerre, Blindés et Matériel</i> (in French). No. 139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histoire+de+Guerre%2C+Blind%C3%A9s+et+Mat%C3%A9riel&rft.atitle=Les+tracteurs+d%27artillerie+Citro%C3%ABn-K%C3%A9gresse&rft.issue=139&rft.date=2022-01&rft.aulast=Vauvillier&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202027-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202027_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202027_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZaloga2020">Zaloga 2020</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga202030-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga202030_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZaloga2020">Zaloga 2020</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamberlain1975" class="citation book cs1">Chamberlain, Peter (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2067331"><i>Light and medium field artillery</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rft.forter.ro&rft.atitle=Ministerul+Ap%C4%83r%C4%83rii+Na%C8%9Bionale+-+Revista+For%C8%9Belor+Terestre+%26%23124%3B+Artileria+rom%C3%A2n%C4%83+%C3%AEn+date+%C5%9Fi+imagini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frft.forter.ro%2Fbiblioteca-virtuala%2F721%2Fartileria-rom%25C3%25A2n%25C4%2583-%25C3%25AEn-date-%25C5%259Fi-imagini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gregkrenzelok/veterinary%20corp%20in%20ww1/75mm%20M1897gun.html">U.S. Army Veterinary Corps Historical Preservation Group - 75-MM GUN M1897, U.S. ARMY</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowell1919-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowell1919_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowell1919_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowell1919">Crowell 1919</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120517134116/http://www.marianne2.fr/blogsecretdefense/Investiture-du-President-les-coups-de-canons-etaient-made-in-USA-_a602.html#">"Investiture du Président : les coups de canons étaient... made in United States !"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marianne2.fr/blogsecretdefense/Investiture-du-President-les-coups-de-canons-etaient-made-in-USA-_a602.html#">the original</a> on 2012-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investiture+du+Pr%C3%A9sident+%3A+les+coups+de+canons+%C3%A9taient...+made+in+United+States+%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne2.fr%2Fblogsecretdefense%2FInvestiture-du-President-les-coups-de-canons-etaient-made-in-USA-_a602.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://basart.artillerie.asso.fr/article.php3?id_article=949">L’ARTILLERIE FRANÇAISE DE 1945 A 1990 (LES PIÈCES ET LEUR ENVIRONNEMENT)</a>, Lieutenant-colonel Jean-Paul PAILHES.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alienor.org/publications/aux-armes/canon-75.php"><i>Canon de 75 mm. Recueil de renseignements sur le matériel et les munitions de l'artillerie de côte</i></a>, Planche XXI : canon G de 75 mil. modèle 1897 sur affût de campagne modèle 1897 approprié aux côtes. 1903., Centre des archives de l'armement et du personnel civil 578 1F3 477 – via Alienor.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canon+de+75+mm.+Recueil+de+renseignements+sur+le+mat%C3%A9riel+et+les+munitions+de+l%27artillerie+de+c%C3%B4te&rft.series=Planche+XXI+%3A+canon+G+de+75+mil.+mod%C3%A8le+1897+sur+aff%C3%BBt+de+campagne+mod%C3%A8le+1897+appropri%C3%A9+aux+c%C3%B4tes.+1903.&rft.pub=Centre+des+archives+de+l%27armement+et+du+personnel+civil+578+1F3+477&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alienor.org%2Fpublications%2Faux-armes%2Fcanon-75.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2011" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Norman (2011). <i>Naval Weapons of World War One</i>. Seaforth Publishing. p. 227.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Weapons+of+World+War+One&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiGiulian2012" class="citation cs2">DiGiulian, Tony (3 March 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_3-35_m1925.htm"><i>France 75 mm/35 (2.95") Model 1925 and 1928.</i></a>, <q>citing Campbell, John <i>Naval Weapons of World War Two</i>, Henri le Masson, Navies of the Second World War - The French Navy, The French Navy under Steam" picture essay in "United States Naval Institute Proceedings" Vol. 80, No. 7, July 1954</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+75+mm%2F35+%282.95%22%29+Model+1925+and+1928.&rft.date=2012-03-03&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWNFR_3-35_m1925.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiGiulian2013" class="citation cs2">DiGiulian, Tony (28 March 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_3-50_m1922.htm"><i>75 mm/50 (2.95") Model 1922, 1924 and 1927</i></a>, <q>citing, John Campbell, <i>Naval Weapons of World War Two</i>, Henri le Masson, <i>Navies of the Second World War - The French Navy</i>, Jean Guigliani and Albert Moreau, "French Light Cruisers", <i>Warships International</i> No.3, 2001, John Jordan and Jean Moulin, French Cruisers: 1922 - 1954", <a href="/wiki/M._J._Whitley" class="mw-redirect" title="M. J. Whitley">M. J. Whitley</a>, <i>Battleships of World War Two</i>, <i>Cruisers of World War Two</i> and <i>Destroyers of World War Two</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=75+mm%2F50+%282.95%22%29+Model+1922%2C+1924+and+1927&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWNFR_3-50_m1922.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvinAndré,_Commandant1923" class="citation book cs1">Alvin, Colonel; André, Commandant (1923). <i>Les Canons de la Victoire (Manuel d'Artillerie)</i>. Paris: Charles Lavauzelle & Cie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Canons+de+la+Victoire+%28Manuel+d%27Artillerie%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Charles+Lavauzelle+%26+Cie&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Alvin&rft.aufirst=Colonel&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9%2C+Commandant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenoît1996" class="citation book cs1">Benoît, Lt-Col. Christian (1996). <i>Le Canon de 75: Une gloire centenaire</i>. Vincennes, France: Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86323-102-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86323-102-9"><bdi>978-2-86323-102-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Canon+de+75%3A+Une+gloire+centenaire&rft.place=Vincennes%2C+France&rft.pub=Service+Historique+de+l%27Arm%C3%A9e+de+Terre&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-2-86323-102-9&rft.aulast=Beno%C3%AEt&rft.aufirst=Lt-Col.+Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalleat1935" class="citation book cs1">Challeat, J. (1935). <i>Histoire technique de l'artillerie en France pendant un siècle (1816–1919)</i>. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+technique+de+l%27artillerie+en+France+pendant+un+si%C3%A8cle+%281816%E2%80%931919%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Imprimerie+Nationale&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Challeat&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowell1919" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Crowell" title="Benedict Crowell">Crowell, Benedict</a> (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americasmunitio01deptgoog#page/n8/mode/2up"><i>America's Munitions 1917-1918</i></a>. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Munitions+1917-1918&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Crowell&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Famericasmunitio01deptgoog%23page%2Fn8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>[Detailed history.] <span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.1939.pl/uzbrojenie/polskie/artyleria/a_75mm_wz97/index.html">http://www.1939.pl/uzbrojenie/polskie/artyleria/a_75mm_wz97/index.html</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoise1994" class="citation book cs1">Doise, Jean (1994). <i>Un secret bien gardé: Histoire militaire de l'Affaire Dreyfus</i>. Editions du Seuil. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-02-021100-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-02-021100-0"><bdi>978-2-02-021100-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+secret+bien+gard%C3%A9%3A+Histoire+militaire+de+l%27Affaire+Dreyfus&rft.pub=Editions+du+Seuil&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-2-02-021100-0&rft.aulast=Doise&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGudmundsson1993" class="citation book cs1">Gudmundsson, Bruce I. (1993). <i>On Artillery</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94047-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94047-8"><bdi>978-0-275-94047-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Artillery&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-275-94047-8&rft.aulast=Gudmundsson&rft.aufirst=Bruce+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogg1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_V._Hogg" title="Ian V. Hogg">Hogg, Ian V.</a> (1998). <i>Allied Artillery of World War I</i>. Crowood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86126-104-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86126-104-5"><bdi>978-1-86126-104-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allied+Artillery+of+World+War+I&rft.pub=Crowood+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-86126-104-5&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Ian+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogg1972" class="citation book cs1">Hogg, Ian V. (1972). <i>British Artillery Weapons & Ammunition 1914-1918</i>. London: Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-0381-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-0381-1"><bdi>978-0-7110-0381-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Artillery+Weapons+%26+Ammunition+1914-1918&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-7110-0381-1&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Ian+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoutledge1994" class="citation book cs1">Routledge, Brigadier N.W. (1994). <i>History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Anti-aircraft artillery 1914-55</i>. London: Brassey's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85753-099-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85753-099-5"><bdi>978-1-85753-099-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Royal+Regiment+of+Artillery.+Anti-aircraft+artillery+1914-55.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Brassey%27s&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-85753-099-5&rft.aulast=Routledge&rft.aufirst=Brigadier+N.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTouzinVauvillier,_François2006" class="citation book cs1">Touzin, Pierre; Vauvillier, François (2006). <i>Les Matériels de l'Armée Française: Les canons de la victoire, 1914–1918. Tome 1: L'Artillerie de Campagne</i>. Paris: Histoire et Collections. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35250-022-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35250-022-3"><bdi>978-2-35250-022-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Mat%C3%A9riels+de+l%27Arm%C3%A9e+Fran%C3%A7aise%3A+Les+canons+de+la+victoire%2C+1914%E2%80%931918.+Tome+1%3A+L%27Artillerie+de+Campagne&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Histoire+et+Collections&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-2-35250-022-3&rft.aulast=Touzin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Vauvillier%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaloga2020" class="citation book cs1">Zaloga, Steven J. (2020). <i>The French 75: The 75mm M1897 field gun that revolutionized modern artillery</i>. New Vanguard 288. London: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472839305" title="Special:BookSources/9781472839305"><bdi>9781472839305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+75%3A+The+75mm+M1897+field+gun+that+revolutionized+modern+artillery&rft.place=London&rft.series=New+Vanguard+288&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781472839305&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanon+de+75+mod%C3%A8le+1897" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll9,69">Manual For The Battery Commander. 75-mm Gun. FROM "L'ECOLE DU COMMANDANT DU BATTERIE, I PARTIE, CANON 75", Of THE FRENCH ARTILLERY SCHOOL, OF DECEMBER, 1916, CORRECTED TO MARCH, 1917. Translated to English and republished by US Army War College 1917</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130118234150/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll9,69">Archived</a> 2013-01-18 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll9,245">Notes on the French 75-mm Gun. US Army War College. October 1917</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130118230750/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll9,245">Archived</a> 2013-01-18 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924032188868#page/n3/mode/2up">Range tables for French 75-/mm Gun Model 1897</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076053204;view=1up;seq=9">Firing tables</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofartill00unitrich">75 Millimeter Gun Material Model of 1897 M1 (French). Pages 80–93 in "Handbook of artillery : including mobile, anti-aircraft and trench matériel (1920)" United States. Army. Ordnance Dept, May 1920</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100410230449/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/TM/PDFs/TM_9_305.PDF">United States War Department. TM 9-305 Technical Manual 75-MM Gun Matériel, M1897 and Modifications. 31 March 1941</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passioncompassion1418.com/Canons/english_CanonsIndex_Nation.html">List and pictures of World War I surviving 75 mm Mle 1897 guns</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vojsko.net/index.php/pozemni-technika/47-delostrelectvo/893-canon-de-75-mod-le-1897">Canon de 75 Modèle 1897</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovettartillery.com/US%20M%201918%20Limber.html">Photos of a reproduction or restored US M1918 limber for the 75 mm gun M1897 with all accoutrements</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_d%27Infanterie_de_37_mod%C3%A8le_1916_TRP" title="Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP">Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37_mm_Infantry_Gun_Model_1917" title="37 mm Infantry Gun Model 1917">37 mm Infantry Gun Model 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QF_2.95-inch_mountain_gun" title="QF 2.95-inch mountain gun">QF 2.95-inch mountain gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Field, medium and heavy guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_M1902_field_gun" title="3-inch M1902 field gun">3-inch M1902 field gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_gun_M1897" class="mw-redirect" title="75 mm gun M1897">75 mm gun M1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_gun_M1916" title="75 mm gun M1916">75 mm gun M1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_gun_M1917" title="75 mm gun M1917">75 mm gun M1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3.2-inch_gun_M1897" title="3.2-inch gun M1897">3.2-inch gun M1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4.7-inch_gun_M1906" title="4.7-inch gun M1906">4.7-inch gun M1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-inch_gun_M1897" title="5-inch gun M1897">5-inch gun M1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1908_6-inch_howitzer" title="M1908 6-inch howitzer">6-inch howitzer M1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-inch_gun_M1903" class="mw-redirect" title="6-inch gun M1903">6-inch gun M1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BL_6-inch_gun_Mk_XIX#US_Service" title="BL 6-inch gun Mk XIX">6-inch gun M1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155_mm_GPF_M1918" class="mw-redirect" title="155 mm GPF M1918">155 mm GPF M1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155_mm_howitzer_M1917" class="mw-redirect" title="155 mm howitzer M1917">155 mm howitzer M1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BL_8-inch_howitzer_Mk_VI_%E2%80%93_VIII" title="BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII">BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BL_9.2-inch_howitzer" title="BL 9.2-inch howitzer">BL 9.2-inch howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/240_mm_trench_mortar" title="240 mm trench mortar">240 mm trench mortar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Anti-aircraft guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_gun_M1897" class="mw-redirect" title="75 mm gun M1897">75 mm gun M1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_gun_M1916" title="75 mm gun M1916">75 mm gun M1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M1917" class="mw-redirect" title="3-inch gun M1917">3-inch gun M1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M1918" title="3-inch gun M1918">3-inch gun M1918</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Coast artillery guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M1903" title="3-inch gun M1903">3-inch gun M1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QF_4.7-inch_Mk_I_%E2%80%93_IV_naval_gun#United_States_service" class="mw-redirect" title="QF 4.7-inch Mk I – IV naval gun">4.72-inch Armstrong gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-inch_gun_M1897" title="5-inch gun M1897">5-inch gun M1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QF_6-inch_naval_gun" title="QF 6-inch naval gun">6-inch Armstrong gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-inch_gun_M1897" title="6-inch gun M1897">6-inch gun M1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-inch_gun_M1888" title="8-inch gun M1888">8-inch gun M1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10-inch_gun_M1895" title="10-inch gun M1895">10-inch gun M1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_gun_M1895" title="12-inch gun M1895">12-inch gun M1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_coast_defense_mortar" title="12-inch coast defense mortar">12-inch coast defense mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14-inch_gun_M1907" title="14-inch gun M1907">14-inch gun M1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_gun_M1895" title="16-inch gun M1895">16-inch gun M1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_gun_M1919" class="mw-redirect" title="16-inch gun M1919">16-inch gun M1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155_mm_gun_M1918MI" class="mw-redirect" title="155 mm gun M1918MI">155 mm gun M1918MI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Railway artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7%22/44_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="7"/44 caliber gun">7"/45 caliber gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-inch_gun_M1888" title="8-inch gun M1888">8-inch gun M1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10-inch_gun_M1895" title="10-inch gun M1895">10-inch gun M1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_coast_defense_mortar" title="12-inch coast defense mortar">12-inch coast defense mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_gun_M1895" title="12-inch gun M1895">12-inch gun M1895MIA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14%22/50_caliber_railway_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="14"/50 caliber railway gun">14"/50 caliber railway gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_artillery_of_World_War_I4193" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIFrenchGuns" title="Template:WWIFrenchGuns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIFrenchGuns" title="Template talk:WWIFrenchGuns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWIFrenchGuns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWIFrenchGuns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_artillery_of_World_War_I4193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">French artillery of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Anti-aircraft guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_antia%C3%A9rien_mle_1913-1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917">Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Coastal artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_100_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1891" title="Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891">Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_19_C_mod%C3%A8le_1870/93" title="Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93">Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_19_C_mod%C3%A8le_1875" title="Canon de 19 C modèle 1875">Canon de 19 C modèle 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_24_C_mod%C3%A8le_1870" title="Canon de 24 C modèle 1870">Canon de 24 C modèle 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_24_C_mod%C3%A8le_1876" title="Canon de 24 C modèle 1876">Canon de 24 C modèle 1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_240_L_Mle_1884" title="Canon de 240 L Mle 1884">Canon de 240 L Mle 1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_270_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1889" title="Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889">Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Field artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canon de 75 modèle 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1912_Schneider" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1912 Schneider">Canon de 75 modèle 1912 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1914_Schneider" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1914 Schneider">Canon de 75 modèle 1914 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Bange_90_mm_cannon" title="De Bange 90 mm cannon">De Bange 90 mm cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_120_mm_C_mod%C3%A8le_1890" title="Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890">Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_120_mm_mle_15TR" title="Obusier de 120 mm mle 15TR">Obusier de 120 mm mle 15TR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Infantry guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_d%27Infanterie_de_37_mod%C3%A8le_1916_TRP" title="Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP">Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Medium and heavy artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_105_mle_1913_Schneider" title="Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider">Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimailho_Model_1904TR" title="Rimailho Model 1904TR">Canon de 155 court modèle 1904 Rimailho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_120_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1878" title="Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878">Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_145_L_modele_1916_Saint-Chamond" title="Canon de 145 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond">Canon de 145 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_155_mm_C_mod%C3%A8le_1881" title="Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1881">Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_155_mm_C_mod%C3%A8le_1890" title="Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1890">Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_C_mod%C3%A8le_1917_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider">Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_C_mod%C3%A8le_1915_St._Chamond" title="Canon de 155 C modèle 1915 St. Chamond">Canon de 155 C modèle 1915 St. Chamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_L_mod%C3%A8le_1877/14_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 L modèle 1877/14 Schneider">Canon de 155 L modèle 1877/14 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_L_Modele_1917_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 L Modele 1917 Schneider">Canon de 155 L Modele 1917 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_L_mod%C3%A8le_1918_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 L modèle 1918 Schneider">Canon de 155 L modèle 1918 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_mm_GPF" title="Canon de 155 mm GPF">Canon de 155 mm GPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Bange_155_mm_cannon" title="De Bange 155 mm cannon">De Bange 155 mm cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_220_L_mle_1917" title="Canon de 220 L mle 1917">Canon de 220 L mle 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/220_mm_TR_mle_1915/1916" title="220 mm TR mle 1915/1916">Mortier de 220 modèle 1915/1916 Schneider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Mortars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellerier_Mortar" title="Cellerier Mortar">Cellerier Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_58_T_N%C2%B01" title="Mortier de 58 T N°1">Mortier de 58 T N°1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_58_T_N%C2%B01_bis" title="Mortier de 58 T N°1 bis">Mortier de 58 T N°1 bis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_58_mm_type_2" title="Mortier de 58 mm type 2">Mortier de 58 mm type 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1915_Schneider" title="Mortier de 75 modèle 1915 Schneider">Mortier de 75 modèle 1915 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_150_mm_T_Mle_1916_Batignolles" title="Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1916 Batignolles">Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1916 Batignolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_150_mm_T_Mle_1917_Fabry" title="Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1917 Fabry">Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1917 Fabry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_240_mm" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortier de 240 mm">Mortier de 240 mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_270_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1885" title="Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885">Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_270_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1889" title="Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889">Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Mountain artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_65_M_(montagne)_modele_1906" title="Canon de 65 M (montagne) modele 1906">Canon de 65 M modele 1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_Schneider-Danglis_06/09" title="75 mm Schneider-Danglis 06/09">75 mm Schneider-Danglis 06/09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Court_de_105_M(montagne)_modele_1909_Schneider" title="Canon Court de 105 M(montagne) modele 1909 Schneider">Canon Court de 105 M modele 1909 Schneider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Railway artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_120_L_mle_1878_sur_aff%C3%BBt-truc_Peign%C3%A9-Canet-Schneider_mle_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 120 L mle 1878 sur affût-truc Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897">Canon de 120 L mle 1878 sur affût-truc Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_138_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893_naval_gun#Railway_artillery" title="Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893 naval gun">Canon de 140 sur affut-truc mle 1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_155_C_mle_1881_sur_aff%C3%BBt-truc_Peign%C3%A9-Canet-Schneider_mle_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Obusier de 155 C mle 1881 sur affût-truc Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897">Obusier de 155 C mle 1881 sur affût-truc Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materiel_de_155_Sur_Affut-truck_Schneider" class="mw-redirect" title="Materiel de 155 Sur Affut-truck Schneider">Materiel de 155 sur affut-truc Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_164_mod%C3%A8le_1893/96_TAZ" title="Canon de 164 modèle 1893/96 TAZ">Canon de 164 modèle 1893/96 TAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_19_C_mod%C3%A8le_1875" title="Canon de 19 C modèle 1875">Canon de 19 C modèle 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_19_mod%C3%A8le_1870/93_TAZ" title="Canon de 19 modèle 1870/93 TAZ">Canon de 19 modèle 1870/93 TAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_200_%22P%C3%A9rou%22_sur_aff%C3%BBt-truck_TAZ_Schneider" title="Obusier de 200 "Pérou" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider">Obusier de 200 "Pérou" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_24_C_mod%C3%A8le_1876#Railway_guns" title="Canon de 24 C modèle 1876">24 cm Canon G modèle 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_240_L_Mle_1884" title="Canon de 240 L Mle 1884">Canon de 240 L Mle 1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_240_mod%C3%A8le_93/96_TAZ" title="Canon de 240 modèle 93/96 TAZ">Canon de 240 modèle 93/96 TAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_274_mod%C3%A8le_93/96_Berceau" title="Canon de 274 modèle 93/96 Berceau">Canon de 274 modèle 93/96 Berceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_274_mod%C3%A8le_87/93_Glissement" title="Canon de 274 modèle 87/93 Glissement">Canon de 274 modèle 87/93 Glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_305_mod%C3%A8le_93/96_TAZ" title="Canon de 305 modèle 93/96 TAZ">Canon de 305 modèle 93/96 TAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_305_mod%C3%A8le_1893/96_%C3%A0_berceau" title="Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à berceau">Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à berceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_305_mod%C3%A8le_1893/96_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à glissement">Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_32_mod%C3%A8le_1870/81_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 32 modèle 1870/81 à glissement">Canon de 32 modèle 1870/81 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_32_mod%C3%A8le_1870/84_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 32 modèle 1870/84 à glissement">Canon de 32 modèle 1870/84 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_32_mod%C3%A8le_1870/93" title="Canon de 32 modèle 1870/93">Canon de 32 modèle 1870/93 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_340_mod%C3%A8le_1893_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 340 modèle 1893 à glissement">Canon de 340 modèle 1893 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_340_mod%C3%A8le_1912_%C3%A0_berceau" title="Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau">Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_340_mod%C3%A8le_1912_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à glissement">Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_370_mod%C3%A8le_1915" title="Obusier de 370 modèle 1915">Obusier de 370 modèle 1915 à berceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_370_mod%C3%A8le_75/79_Glissement" title="Canon de 370 modèle 75/79 Glissement">Canon de 370 modèle 75/79 Glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_400_Mod%C3%A8le_1915/1916" title="Obusier de 400 Modèle 1915/1916">Obusier de 400 Modèle 1915/1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_520_mod%C3%A8le_1916" title="Obusier de 520 modèle 1916">Obusier de 520 modèle 1916</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Siege artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_120_mm_C_mod%C3%A8le_1890" title="Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890">Obusier de 120 mm C modèle 1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_120_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1878" title="Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878">Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_155_mm_C_mod%C3%A8le_1881" title="Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1881">Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_155_mm_C_mod%C3%A8le_1890" title="Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1890">Obusier de 155 mm C modèle 1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_220_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1880" title="Mortier de 220 mm modèle 1880">Mortier de 220 mm modèle 1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_240_L_Mle_1884" title="Canon de 240 L Mle 1884">Canon de 240 L Mle 1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_240_TR_Mle_1903" title="Canon de 240 TR Mle 1903">Canon de 240 TR Mle 1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_270_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1885" title="Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885">Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_270_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1889" title="Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889">Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_280_mod%C3%A8le_1914_Schneider" title="Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider">Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_293_Danois_sur_affut-truck_mod%C3%A8le_1914" title="Mortier de 293 Danois sur affut-truck modèle 1914">Mortier de 293 Danois sur affut-truck modèle 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_370_mod%C3%A8le_1914_Filloux" title="Mortier de 370 modèle 1914 Filloux">Mortier de 370 modèle 1914 Filloux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Self propelled artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_194_GPF" title="Canon de 194 GPF">Canon de 194 GPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_220_L_mle_1917#Self-propelled_gun_variant" title="Canon de 220 L mle 1917">Canon de 220mm L Mle1917 Schneider (FAHM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_280_mm_TR_de_Schneider_sur_aff%C3%BBt-chenilles_St_Chamond" title="Mortier 280 mm TR de Schneider sur affût-chenilles St Chamond">Mortier 280 mm TR de Schneider sur affût-chenilles St Chamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Armoured vehicle guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puteaux_SA_18" title="Puteaux SA 18">Puteaux 37 mm SA 18</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canon de 75 modèle 1897</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_artillery_of_World_War_II3052" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIIFrenchGuns" title="Template:WWIIFrenchGuns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIIFrenchGuns" title="Template talk:WWIIFrenchGuns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIFrenchGuns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIFrenchGuns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_artillery_of_World_War_II3052" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">French artillery of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Anti-aircraft guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/25_mm_Hotchkiss_anti-aircraft_gun" title="25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun">Mitrailleuse de 25 mm CA mle 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_antia%C3%A9rien_mle_1913-1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917">Canon de 75 antiaérien mle 1913-1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_CA_mod%C3%A8le_1940_Schneider" title="Canon de 75 CA modèle 1940 Schneider">Canon de 75 CA modèle 1940 Schneider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Anti-tank guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/25_mm_Hotchkiss_anti-tank_gun" title="25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun">25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_mm_APX_mod%C3%A8le_1937" title="25 mm APX modèle 1937">25 mm APX modèle 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC_37_anti-tank_gun" title="AC 37 anti-tank gun">AC 37 anti-tank gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC_47_anti-tank_gun" title="AC 47 anti-tank gun">AC 47 anti-tank gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47_mm_APX_anti-tank_gun" title="47 mm APX anti-tank gun">47 mm APX anti-tank gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Coastal artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_100_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1891" title="Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891">Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_19_C_mod%C3%A8le_1870/93" title="Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93">Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_240_L_Mle_1884" title="Canon de 240 L Mle 1884">Canon de 240 L Mle 1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_270_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1889" title="Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889">Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Field artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canon de 75 modèle 1897</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Infantry guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_d%27Infanterie_de_37_mod%C3%A8le_1916_TRP" title="Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP">Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Medium and Heavy <br />artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_105_court_mle_1934_Schneider" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 105 court mle 1934 Schneider">Canon de 105 court mle 1934 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_105_court_mle_1935_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 105 court mle 1935 B">Canon de 105 court mle 1935 B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_105_L_mle_1936_Schneider" title="Canon de 105 L mle 1936 Schneider">Canon de 105 L mle 1936 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_105_mle_1913_Schneider" title="Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider">Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_145_L_modele_1916_Saint-Chamond" title="Canon de 145 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond">Canon de 145/155 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_C_mod%C3%A8le_1917_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider">Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_L_mod%C3%A8le_1877/14_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 L modèle 1877/14 Schneider">Canon de 155 L modèle 1877/14 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_L_Modele_1917_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 L Modele 1917 Schneider">Canon de 155 L Modele 1917 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_L_mod%C3%A8le_1918_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 L modèle 1918 Schneider">Canon de 155 L modèle 1918 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155mm_GPF" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 155mm GPF">Canon de 155mm GPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_194_GPF" title="Canon de 194 GPF">Canon de 194 GPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_220_L_mle_1917" title="Canon de 220 L mle 1917">Canon de 220 L mle 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/220_mm_TR_mle_1915/1916" title="220 mm TR mle 1915/1916">Mortier de 220 modèle 1915/1916 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_280_mm_TR_de_Schneider_sur_aff%C3%BBt-chenilles_St_Chamond" title="Mortier 280 mm TR de Schneider sur affût-chenilles St Chamond">Mortier 280 mm TR de Schneider-St Chamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Mortars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_150_mm_T_Mle_1917_Fabry" title="Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1917 Fabry">Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1917 Fabry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Mountain artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_65_M_(montagne)_modele_1906" title="Canon de 65 M (montagne) modele 1906">Canon de 65 M modele 1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_M(montagne)_modele_1919_Schneider" title="Canon de 75 M(montagne) modele 1919 Schneider">Canon de 75 M modele 1919 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_M(montagne)_modele_1928" title="Canon de 75 M(montagne) modele 1928">Canon de 75 M modele 1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Court_de_105_M(montagne)_modele_1909_Schneider" title="Canon Court de 105 M(montagne) modele 1909 Schneider">Canon Court de 105 M modele 1909 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Court_de_105_M(montagne)_mod%C3%A8le_1919_Schneider" title="Canon Court de 105 M(montagne) modèle 1919 Schneider">Canon Court de 105 M modèle 1919 Schneider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Railroad artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_164_mod%C3%A8le_1893/96_TAZ" title="Canon de 164 modèle 1893/96 TAZ">Canon de 164 modèle 1893/96 TAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_19_mod%C3%A8le_1870/93_TAZ" title="Canon de 19 modèle 1870/93 TAZ">Canon de 19 modèle 1870/93 TAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_240_mod%C3%A8le_93/96_TAZ" title="Canon de 240 modèle 93/96 TAZ">Canon de 240 modèle 93/96 TAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_305_mod%C3%A8le_1906/10_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 305 modèle 1906/10 à glissement">Canon de 305 modèle 1906/10 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_32_mod%C3%A8le_1870/84_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 32 modèle 1870/84 à glissement">Canon de 32 modèle 1870/84 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_32_mod%C3%A8le_1870/93" title="Canon de 32 modèle 1870/93">Canon de 32 modèle 1870/93 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_305_mod%C3%A8le_1893/96_%C3%A0_glissement#World_War_I" title="Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à glissement">Canon de 320 modèle 1917 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_340_mod%C3%A8le_1893_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 340 modèle 1893 à glissement">Canon de 340 modèle 1893 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_340_mod%C3%A8le_1912_%C3%A0_berceau" title="Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau">Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_340_mod%C3%A8le_1912_%C3%A0_glissement" title="Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à glissement">Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_370_mod%C3%A8le_1915" title="Obusier de 370 modèle 1915">Obusier de 370 modèle 1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_370_mod%C3%A8le_75/79_Glissement" title="Canon de 370 modèle 75/79 Glissement">Canon de 370 modèle 75/79 Glissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_400_Mod%C3%A8le_1915/1916" title="Obusier de 400 Modèle 1915/1916">Obusier de 400 Modèle 1915/1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_520_mod%C3%A8le_1916" title="Obusier de 520 modèle 1916">Obusier de 520 modèle 1916</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Siege artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_240_L_Mle_1884" title="Canon de 240 L Mle 1884">Canon de 240 L Mle 1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_280_mod%C3%A8le_1914_Schneider" title="Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider">Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_293_Danois_sur_affut-truck_mod%C3%A8le_1914" title="Mortier de 293 Danois sur affut-truck modèle 1914">Mortier de 293 Danois sur affut-truck modèle 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_370_mod%C3%A8le_1914_Filloux" title="Mortier de 370 modèle 1914 Filloux">Mortier de 370 modèle 1914 Filloux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tank guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puteaux_SA_18" title="Puteaux SA 18">37 mm SA 18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_37_SA_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon de 37 SA 38 (page does not exist)">37 mm SA mle 1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47_mm_APX_anti-tank_gun#Variants" title="47 mm APX anti-tank gun">47mm SA mle 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_ABS_mod%C3%A8le_1929&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon de 75 ABS modèle 1929 (page does not exist)">75 mm ABS mle 1929</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_naval_weapons_of_the_First_World_War2551" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIFrenchNavalWeapons" title="Template:WWIFrenchNavalWeapons"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIFrenchNavalWeapons" title="Template talk:WWIFrenchNavalWeapons"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWIFrenchNavalWeapons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWIFrenchNavalWeapons"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_naval_weapons_of_the_First_World_War2551" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">French naval weapons of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">Battleship</a> primary armament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_274_mod%C3%A8le_1893/1896" title="Canon de 274 modèle 1893/1896">274 mm/40 Modèle 1893/1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_305_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1887" title="Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1887">305 mm/45 Modèle 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_305_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893/96_gun" title="Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893/96 gun">305 mm/40 Modèle 1893/96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/305mm/45_Mod%C3%A8le_1906_gun" title="305mm/45 Modèle 1906 gun">305 mm/45 Modèle 1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/340mm/28_Mod%C3%A8le_1881_gun" title="340mm/28 Modèle 1881 gun">340mm/28 Modèle 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_340_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1887_gun" title="Canon de 340 mm Modèle 1887 gun">340 mm/42 Modèle 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/340mm/45_Mod%C3%A8le_1912_gun" title="340mm/45 Modèle 1912 gun">340 mm/45 Modèle 1912</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battleship secondary armament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QF_3-pounder_Hotchkiss#French_service" title="QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss">47 mm/40 Modèle 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_47_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1902" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 47 mm modèle 1902">47 mm/50 Modèle 1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QF_6-pounder_Hotchkiss" title="QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss">57 mm/40 Modèle 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_mm_mod%C3%A8le_1908" title="Canon de 75 mm modèle 1908">75 mm/62 Modèle 1908</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Naval_and_coastal_artillery">75 mm/34 Modèle 1915/1916/1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_138_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1910_naval_gun" title="Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1910 naval gun">138 mm/55 Modèle 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_164_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1887&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1887 (page does not exist)">164 mm/45 Modèle 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_164_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893" title="Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1893">164 mm/45 Modèle 1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_194_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893%E2%80%931896" title="Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1893–1896">194 mm/40 Modèle 1893–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/240mm/50_Mod%C3%A8le_1902_gun" title="240mm/50 Modèle 1902 gun">240mm/50 Modèle 1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_274_mod%C3%A8le_1887/1893" title="Canon de 274 modèle 1887/1893">274 mm/45 Modèle 1887/1893</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cruiser primary armament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_164_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1887&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1887 (page does not exist)">164 mm/45 Modèle 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_164_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893" title="Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1893">164 mm/45 Modèle 1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_194_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1887" title="Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1887">194 mm/45 Modèle 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_194_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893%E2%80%931896" title="Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1893–1896">194 mm/40 Modèle 1893–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_194_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1902_gun" title="Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1902 gun">194 mm/50 Modèle 1902</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cruiser secondary armament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_100_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1891" title="Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891">100 mm/45 Modèle 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_138_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893_naval_gun" title="Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893 naval gun">138 mm/45 Modèle 1893</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_164_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1887&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1887 (page does not exist)">164 mm/45 Modèle 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_164_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893" title="Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1893">164 mm/45 Modèle 1893</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aviso" title="Aviso">Aviso</a> Primary armament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_65_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1891" title="Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891">65 mm/50 Modèle 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_100_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1891" title="Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891">100 mm/45 Modèle 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_138_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893_naval_gun" title="Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893 naval gun">138 mm/45 Modèle 1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_138_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1910_naval_gun" title="Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1910 naval gun">138 mm/55 Modèle 1910</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Anti-aircraft</a> weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1914_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun">8 mm/50 Modèle 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QF_6-pounder_Hotchkiss" title="QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss">57 mm/40 Modèle 1902</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> French weapons of the 19th century</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">Small arms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Gustave_Delvigne" title="Henri-Gustave Delvigne">Delvigne rifle (1826)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabine_%C3%A0_tige" title="Carabine à tige">Thouvenin <i>Carabine à tige</i> (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefaucheux_M1858" title="Lefaucheux M1858">Lefaucheux M1858 revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_rifle" title="Minié rifle">Minié rifle (1849)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabati%C3%A8re_rifle" title="Tabatière rifle">Tabatière rifle (1864)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassepot" title="Chassepot">Chassepot rifle (1866)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusil_Gras_mle_1874" title="Fusil Gras mle 1874">Gras rifle (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebel_Model_1886_rifle" title="Lebel Model 1886 rifle">Lebel rifle (1886)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_1892_revolver" title="Modèle 1892 revolver">Modèle 1892 revolver</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitrailleuse_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reffye mitrailleuse"><img alt="Reffye mitrailleuse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mitrailleuse_front.jpg/50px-Mitrailleuse_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mitrailleuse_front.jpg/75px-Mitrailleuse_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mitrailleuse_front.jpg/100px-Mitrailleuse_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="APX 1895"><img alt="APX 1895" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg/50px-Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg/75px-Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg/100px-Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2311" data-file-height="3471" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="De Bange 90 mm"><img alt="De Bange 90 mm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg/50px-90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg/75px-90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg/100px-90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2997" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897,_MDLA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canon de 75"><img alt="Canon de 75" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg/50px-Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg/75px-Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg/100px-Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2141" data-file-height="1411" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitrailleuse" title="Mitrailleuse">Reffye mitrailleuse (1866)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_gun" title="Hotchkiss gun">Hotchkiss "Canon-Revolver" (1872)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Mitrailleuse Gatling modèle APX 1895 (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1914_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun">Mle 1897 Hotchkiss Machine gun (1897)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">Cannons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Year_XI_system" title="Year XI system">Year XI system (1803)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paixhans_gun" title="Paixhans gun">Paixhans gun (1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9e_system" title="Valée system">Valée system (1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_obusier_de_12" title="Canon obusier de 12">Canon obusier de 12 (1853)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hitte_system" title="La Hitte system">La Hitte system (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reffye_85_mm_cannon" title="Reffye 85 mm cannon">Reffye 85 mm (1870)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reffye_75_mm_cannon" title="Reffye 75 mm cannon">Reffye 75 mm (1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahitolle_95_mm_cannon" title="Lahitolle 95 mm cannon">Lahitolle 95 mm (1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Bange_80_mm_cannon" title="De Bange 80 mm cannon">de Bange 80 mm (1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Bange_90_mm_cannon" title="De Bange 90 mm cannon">de Bange 90 mm (1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canet_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Canet guns">Canet 320 mm (1880)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canon de 75 (1897)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Napol%C3%A9on_(1850)" title="French ship Napoléon (1850)">Steam battleship <i>Napoléon</i> (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Lave" class="mw-redirect" title="French ironclad Lave">Ironclad floating battery <i>Lave</i> (1854)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Gloire" title="French ironclad Gloire">Ironclad <i>Gloire</i> (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Plongeur" title="French submarine Plongeur">Mechanical powered submarine <i>Plongeur</i> (1863)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Redoutable" title="French ironclad Redoutable">Steel battleship <i>Redoutable</i> (1876)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Dupuy_de_L%C3%B4me" title="French cruiser Dupuy de Lôme">Armoured cruiser <i>Dupuy de Lôme</i> (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Gymnote_(Q1)" title="French submarine Gymnote (Q1)">Electrical submarine <i>Gymnote</i> (1888)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">Ammunition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lepage" title="Jean Lepage">Lepage fulminate (1807–10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pr%C3%A9lat" title="François Prélat">Pauly-Prélat integrated cartridge (1808)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pr%C3%A9lat" title="François Prélat">Prélat percussion cap (1818)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Lefaucheux" title="Casimir Lefaucheux">Lefaucheux cartridge (1836)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamisier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamisier">Tamisier ball (1841)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball (1847)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8mm_Lebel" class="mw-redirect" title="8mm Lebel">8 mm Lebel smokeless powder cartridge (1886)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lepage" title="Jean Lepage">Lepage percussion system (1807)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Mari%C3%A9-Davy" title="Hippolyte Marié-Davy">Marié-Davy naval periscope (1854)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ragon_de_Bange" title="Charles Ragon de Bange">De Bange breech obturator (1872)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_du_Temple_de_la_Croix" title="Félix du Temple de la Croix">Du Temple high-circulation steam engine (1876)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Constantin_Krebs" title="Arthur Constantin Krebs">Krebs naval electric gyrocompass (1880)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poudre_B" title="Poudre B">Smokeless powder Poudre B (1886)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operational<br />usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Thousand_Sons_of_Saint_Louis" title="Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis">French Intervention in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Algeria" title="French conquest of Algeria">French conquest of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_intervention_in_Mexico" title="Second French intervention in Mexico">French Intervention in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="French weapons in the American Civil War">French weapons in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkin Campaign">Tonkin Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-French_War" title="Sino-French War">Sino-French War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artillery_of_France1507" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Artillery_of_France" title="Template:Artillery of France"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Artillery_of_France" title="Template talk:Artillery of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Artillery_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Artillery of France"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artillery_of_France1507" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Artillery of France</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_of_France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Artillery of France in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibres_de_France" title="Calibres de France">Calibres de France (1552)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Keller" title="Jean-Jacques Keller">Keller (1666)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florent-Jean_de_Valli%C3%A8re" title="Florent-Jean de Vallière">de Vallière system (1732)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribeauval_system" title="Gribeauval system">Gribeauval system (1776)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_XI_system" title="Year XI system">Year XI system (1803)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paixhans_gun" title="Paixhans gun">Paixhans gun (1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9e_system" title="Valée system">Valée system (1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_obusier_de_12" title="Canon obusier de 12">Canon de l’Empereur (1853)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hitte_system" title="La Hitte system">La Hitte system (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Verch%C3%A8re_de_Reffye" title="Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye">de Reffye system (1870)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahitolle_95_mm_cannon" title="Lahitolle 95 mm cannon">Lahitolle system (1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ragon_de_Bange" title="Charles Ragon de Bange">de Bange system (1875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canet_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Canet guns">Canet gun (1880)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canon de 75 (1897)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1912_Schneider" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1912 Schneider">Canon de Schneider (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_C_mod%C3%A8le_1915_St._Chamond" title="Canon de 155 C modèle 1915 St. Chamond">Canon de St. Chamond (1915)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortier_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1915_Schneider" title="Mortier de 75 modèle 1915 Schneider">Mortier de Schneider (1915)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_mm_GPF" title="Canon de 155 mm GPF">Canon de GPF (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_105_court_mle_1935_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 105 court mle 1935 B">Canon de Bourges (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_105_mod%C3%A8le_1950" title="Obusier de 105 modèle 1950">Obusier de 105 modèle 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_61_105_mm_self-propelled_howitzer" title="Mk 61 105 mm self-propelled howitzer">Mk 61 105 mm self-propelled howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_155_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_50" title="Obusier de 155 mm Modèle 50">Obusier de Modèle 50 (1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRF1" title="TRF1">Tr-F1 (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_self-propelled_howitzer" title="CAESAR self-propelled howitzer">CAESAR (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEPAC" title="MEPAC">MEPAC (2020s)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_modèle_1897&oldid=1272417631">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_75_modèle_1897&oldid=1272417631</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I_guns" title="Category:World War I guns">World War I guns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I_field_artillery_of_France" title="Category:World War I field artillery of France">World War I field artillery of 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