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</a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bid_for_PSOE_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bid_for_PSOE_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Bid for PSOE leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bid_for_PSOE_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_leader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_leader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Opposition leader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_2004_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_2004_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>The 2004 general election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_2004_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premiership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premiership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Premiership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Premiership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Premiership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Premiership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Withdrawal_from_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawal_from_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Withdrawal from Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawal_from_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Domestic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Economic problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>LGBT rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_territorial_tensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_territorial_tensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Regional territorial tensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_territorial_tensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_of_the_Civil_War_and_Francoism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_of_the_Civil_War_and_Francoism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Legacy of the Civil War and Francoism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_of_the_Civil_War_and_Francoism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_of_the_education_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_of_the_education_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Reform of the education system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_of_the_education_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ETA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ETA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>ETA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ETA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.2</span> <span>Latin America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.5</span> <span>Presidency of the Council of the European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France_and_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_and_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.6</span> <span>France and Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_and_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gibraltar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gibraltar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.7</span> <span>Gibraltar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gibraltar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>2008 election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Premiership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Premiership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Post-Premiership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Premiership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Decorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Informational_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informational_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Informational notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informational_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Official</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="خوسيه لويس ثباتيرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوسيه لويس ثباتيرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xose_Luis_Rodriges_Sapatero" title="Xose Luis Rodriges Sapatero – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xose Luis Rodriges Sapatero" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хасэ Луіс Радрыгес Сапатэра – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хасэ Луіс Радрыгес Сапатэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D-%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хасэ-Люіс Радрыгес-Сапатэра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хасэ-Люіс Радрыгес-Сапатэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AD_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CF%82_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B8_%CE%98%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Χοσέ Λουίς Ροδρίγκεθ Θαπατέρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χοσέ Λουίς Ροδρίγκεθ Θαπατέρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88" title="خوزه لوئیز رودریگز ساپاترو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوزه لوئیز رودریگز ساپاترو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lu%C3%ADs_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EA%B2%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%82%AC%ED%8C%8C%ED%85%8C%EB%A1%9C" title="호세 루이스 로드리게스 사파테로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호세 루이스 로드리게스 사파테로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A5_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8" title="Խոսե Լուիս Ռոդրիգես Սապատերո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խոսե Լուիս Ռոդրիգես Սապատերո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Luis_Rodriguez_Zapatero" title="Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A1_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95" title="חוסה לואיס רודריגס ספאטרו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוסה לואיס רודריגס ספאטרו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ხოსე ლუის საპატერო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხოსე ლუის საპატერო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Ludovicus_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="Iosephus Ludovicus Rodríguez Zapatero – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Ludovicus Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hos%C4%93_Luiss_Rodrigess_Sapatero" title="Hosē Luiss Rodrigess Sapatero – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hosē Luiss Rodrigess Sapatero" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lu%C3%ADs_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Хосе Луис Родригес Сапатеро – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хосе Луис Родригес Сапатеро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9D_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="होजे लुइस रोद्रिगेझ झपातेरो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="होजे लुइस रोद्रिगेझ झपातेरो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="خوسيه لويس رودريجيز ثاباتيرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خوسيه لويس رودريجيز ثاباتيرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88" title="خوزه لوئیس رودریگز زاپاترو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خوزه لوئیس رودریگز زاپاترو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%91%E3%83%86%E3%83%AD" title="ホセ・ルイス・ロドリゲス・サパテロ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホセ・ルイス・ロドリゲス・サパテロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE,_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Родригес Сапатеро, Хосе Луис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Родригес Сапатеро, Хосе Луис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Хосе Луис Родригез Запатеро – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хосе Луис Родригез Запатеро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%86%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3" title="โฆเซ ลุยส์ โรดริเกซ ซาปาเตโร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โฆเซ ลุยส์ โรดริเกซ ซาปาเตโร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Хосе Луис Сапатеро – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хосе Луис Сапатеро" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Хосе Луїс Сапатеро – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хосе Луїс Сапатеро" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%92_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="خوزے لوئیس رودریگیز ساپاتیرو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خوزے لوئیس رودریگیز ساپاتیرو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97" title="何塞·路易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="何塞·路易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85" title="薩帕特羅 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="薩帕特羅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97" title="何塞·路易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="何塞·路易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41395#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" 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2011</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Zapatero" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Zapatero_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zapatero (disambiguation)">Zapatero (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Rodríguez</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Zapatero</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>article has multiple issues- article is overlong and appears to have been conflated from tangential subjects, suggest separating out election content; article contains weasel words, biased statements and unverifiable statements which need to be removed; article needs structural cleanup once the first two issues have been corrected.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="Special:EditPage/José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Excelent%C3%ADsimo_Se%C3%B1or" class="mw-redirect" title="Excelentísimo Señor">The Most Excellent</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="859" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Rodríguez Zapatero in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 April 2004 – 21 December 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>First deputy</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_la_Vega" title="María Teresa Fernández de la Vega">María Teresa Fernández de la Vega</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_P%C3%A9rez_Rubalcaba" title="Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba">Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elena_Salgado" title="Elena Salgado">Elena Salgado</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Second deputy</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Solbes" title="Pedro Solbes">Pedro Solbes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elena_Salgado" title="Elena Salgado">Elena Salgado</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chaves_(politician)" title="Manuel Chaves (politician)">Manuel Chaves</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 July 2000 – 4 February 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chaves_(politician)" title="Manuel Chaves (politician)">Manuel Chaves</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Blanco_L%C3%B3pez" title="José Blanco López">José Blanco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_P%C3%A9rez_Rubalcaba" title="Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba">Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Spain)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Spain)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 July 2000 – 16 April 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mart%C3%ADnez_Noval" title="Luis Martínez Noval">Luis Martínez Noval</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Member of the Congress of Deputies</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 March 2004 – 27 September 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madrid_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency)" title="Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency)">Madrid</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 July 1986 – 2 August 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_(Congress_of_Deputies_constituency)" title="León (Congress of Deputies constituency)">León</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1960-08-04</span>) </span>4 August 1960<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 64)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Castile and León, <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">PSOE</a> (since 1979)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sonsoles_Espinosa" title="Sonsoles Espinosa">Sonsoles Espinosa</a> <br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1990)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="University of León">University of León</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_Signature.svg/128px-Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_Signature.svg/192px-Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_Signature.svg/256px-Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="67" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[xoseˈlwis<span class="wrap"> </span>roˈðɾiɣeθ<span class="wrap"> </span>θapaˈteɾo]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7b\/Es-Jos%C3%A9_Lu%C3%ADs_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero.oga\/Es-Jos%C3%A9_Lu%C3%ADs_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Es-Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/Es-Jos%C3%A9_Lu%C3%ADs_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero.oga/Es-Jos%C3%A9_Lu%C3%ADs_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Es-Jos%C3%A9_Lu%C3%ADs_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero.oga" title="File:Es-José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> born 4 August 1960) is a Spanish politician and member of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE). He was the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> being elected for two terms, in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Spanish_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Spanish legislative election">2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Spanish_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Spanish legislative election">2008</a> general elections.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 April 2011 he announced he would not stand for re-election in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Spanish_general_election" title="2011 Spanish general election">2011 general election</a> and left office on 21 December 2011. </p><p>Among the main actions taken by the Zapatero administration were <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq#2004_withdrawals" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">the withdrawal of Spanish troops from the Iraq war</a>, the increase of Spanish troops in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>; the idea of an <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Civilizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Civilizations">Alliance of Civilizations</a>; the legalisation of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">same-sex marriage in Spain</a>; reform of <a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">abortion law</a>; a <a href="/wiki/ETA%27s_2006_%22permanent_ceasefire%22" class="mw-redirect" title="ETA's 2006 "permanent ceasefire"">peace negotiation</a> attempt with <a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a>; the end of ETA terrorism; increase of <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">tobacco</a> restrictions; and the reform of various <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous community">autonomous statutes</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Catalonia">Statute of Catalonia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_background_and_early_life">Family background and early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family background and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero was born in <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Castile and León, to Juan Rodríguez y García-Lozano (born 1928), a lawyer, and María de la Purificación Zapatero Valero (<a href="/wiki/Tordehumos" title="Tordehumos">Tordehumos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valladolid_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valladolid (province)">Valladolid</a>, 1927 – <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, 30 October 2000). He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a>, where his family originated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200430_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200430-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His paternal grandfather, Juan Rodríguez y Lozano (28 July 1893 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puente_Castro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puente Castro (page does not exist)">Puente Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a>, 18 August 1936), had been a <a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">captain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Army" title="Spanish Republican Army">Spanish Republican Army</a>; he was executed by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">Nationalist</a> forces a month into the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, for refusing to fight with them.<sup id="cite_ref-cidob_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cidob-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His whereabouts were revealed by fascists in Valladolid.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His maternal grandfather, Faustino Valentín Zapatero Ballesteros (<a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, 14 February 1899 – 1978), was a <a href="/wiki/Paediatrics" class="mw-redirect" title="Paediatrics">paediatrician</a> and middle class liberal. His maternal grandmother María de la Natividad Valero y Asensio (<a href="/wiki/Zamora,_Spain" title="Zamora, Spain">Zamora</a>, 9 December 1902 – Valladolid, 28 June 2006) was a conservative and died at age 103.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200458_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200458-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zapatero was born in Valladolid not only because of his mother's attachment to her family, who lived there, but also because of the medical profession of her father. </p><p>Zapatero has said that, as a youngster, "as I remember it, I used to participate in late night conversations with my father and brother about politics, law or literature". However, he did not get along very well with his father at times. Sources say that his father refused to let him work or take any part in his law firm,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and this scarred him for life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200431_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200431-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He says that his family taught him to be tolerant, thoughtful, prudent and austere.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004294_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004294-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The memory of Zapatero's grandfather was also kept alive by a last <a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">will</a>, handwritten 24 hours before facing the firing squad, and which can be considered a final declaration of principles. The will comprised six parts, the first three bestowing his possessions on his heirs; the fourth, in which he asked for a civil burial and, the fifth, in which he requested his family to forgive those who had tried and executed him and proclaiming his belief in the <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Supreme Being</a>. In the sixth, Zapatero's grandfather asked his family to clear his name in the future as his creed consisted only in his "love for peace, for good and for improving the living conditions of the lower classes".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200451_fol_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200451_fol-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to an Israeli newspaper, <a href="/wiki/Maariv_(newspaper)" title="Maariv (newspaper)">Maariv</a>, by Zapatero's own statement: "My family, named Zapatero, is of Jewish descent", probably from a family of <a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marranos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is an agnostic.<sup id="cite_ref-agnostic_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnostic-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He studied law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="University of León">University of León</a>, graduating in 1982. His performance as a student was above average before his pre-University year. According to his brother Juan: "He didn't study much but it made no difference, he continued successfully".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200471_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200471-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating, Zapatero worked as a teaching assistant in constitutional law at the University of León until 1986 (he continued working some hours a week without pay until 1991). It was subsequently found that he had been appointed by his department without the usual selection process involving interviews and competitive examinations, which if true, constitutes a case of political favouritism.<sup id="cite_ref-cidob_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cidob-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has declared that the only activity that attracts him besides politics is teaching or, at most, academic research.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200498_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200498-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rodríguez Zapatero met <a href="/wiki/Sonsoles_Espinosa" title="Sonsoles Espinosa">Sonsoles Espinosa</a> in León in 1981. They married on 27 January 1990 and have two daughters named Laura (b. 1993) and Alba (b. 1995). </p><p>Having received successive deferments because of his conditions as a university student and a teaching assistant, Zapatero did not fulfill the compulsory military service. As an <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> he was finally exempted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200482_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200482-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entering_politics">Entering politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Entering politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zapatero attended his first political rally, organized by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE) in <a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gijón">Gijón</a> in 1976. Some political parties had been legal since 21 July 1976, but the PSOE was not legalized until February 1977. The speech of <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, the PSOE leader and future <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a>, who took part in the rally, exerted an important influence on Zapatero. He said, among other things, that "the Socialists' goal was the seizure of power by the working class to transform the ownership of the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a>" and that "the PSOE was a revolutionary party but not <i>revolutionarist</i> or <i>aventurist</i> [...], as it defended the use of elections to come to power".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200429_fol_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200429_fol-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zapatero and his family had been traditionally attracted to the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain_(main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Spain (main)">Communist Party</a> as it was the only party really organized before <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s death in 1975.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> But, after the famous political rally in Gijón, they, and especially Zapatero, started to believe that the Socialist Party was the most probable future for the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Political_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Political left">left</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004111_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004111-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time the Socialist Party was rebuilding its infrastructure in the province of León after having been outlawed following the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004110_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004110-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1977, the year of the first democratic elections after Franco's death, Zapatero supported both the Communist and Socialist parties. He pasted posters of both parties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004111_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004111-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He eventually joined the PSOE on 23 February 1979. The impression Felipe González had caused on him in 1976 played a fundamental role in his decision to join the party. In 1979, during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congreso_Extraordinario_del_PSOE_(1979)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congreso Extraordinario del PSOE (1979) (page does not exist)">Congreso Extraordinario del PSOE (1979)</a>, the PSOE had renounced <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> as its ideological base. He said nothing about joining the party at home, because he was afraid his parents would discourage him, considering him too young to join a political party. </p><p>In 1982, Zapatero became head of the socialist youth organization in the province of <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="León (province)">León</a>. In July 1982, he met Felipe González at the summer school "Jaime Vera" and suggested that he make a "left turn" in the PSOE political program for the General Election of October 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200439_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200439-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> González answered advising him to abandon his conservative (traditional for PSOE [leftist]) viewpoint.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies">Member of the Congress of Deputies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Member of the Congress of Deputies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congresodiputados_10_05_88.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Congresodiputados_10_05_88.jpg/290px-Congresodiputados_10_05_88.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Congresodiputados_10_05_88.jpg/435px-Congresodiputados_10_05_88.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Congresodiputados_10_05_88.jpg/580px-Congresodiputados_10_05_88.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1933" data-file-height="1588" /></a><figcaption>Zapatero having a break during a parliamentary session with some fellow PSOE MPs in 1988.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1986, he was elected to represent the province of León in the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes</a> (Parliament), becoming its youngest member after the election held on 20 June. He was number two on the PSOE list for <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_(Spanish_Congress_Electoral_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="León (Spanish Congress Electoral District)">León</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004130_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004130-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following elections (those held in 1989, 1993, 1996 and 2000) he was number one on the list. In the elections of 2004 he ran for <a href="/wiki/Madrid_(Spanish_Congress_Electoral_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid (Spanish Congress Electoral District)">Madrid</a> as number one. </p><p>Zapatero defined himself as a "left-wing conservative" at the time. He explained that he meant that, for sentimental reasons linked to his family, he came from the left that lost the Spanish Civil War and that what had happened between 1936 and 1939 (the duration of the war) and 1939–1975 (<a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a>'s regime) had a very important significance for him. He further explained that the Spanish left needed to modernize and that "we are finding it difficult to accept the need for the Socialist Party to change many of its ideological parameters and overcome our own conservatism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004141_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004141-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988 he became Secretary General in León after a complex internal fight for power that ended a long period of division. In fact, before the provincial conference held that year, <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial">Ramón Rubial</a>, then national president of the PSOE, had asked the party in León to foster unity. Zapatero was elected as Secretary General at that conference, leading to a period of stability.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004150_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004150-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s and 1990s, the PSOE consisted of two factions: the <i>Guerristas</i> (supporters of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Guerra" title="Alfonso Guerra">Alfonso Guerra</a>, former vice-president under Felipe González) and the reformers (led by Felipe González). The first group had a stronger left-wing ideology whereas the second was more pragmatic. The division became wider after the General Election of 1993, the last election won by the PSOE before <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a>'s victory in 1996, when the bad results exacerbated the internal conflicts. Zapatero never formally joined either of those two groups. </p><p>In 1993, the Socialist Federation of León (FSL – Federación Socialista de León) suffered an important scandal. Some towns experienced unusually sharp increases in PSOE membership in a very short period of time. When some of the supposed new members were questioned by the press, they stated that they were unaware of their membership and that they did not live in the places where they were being registered by the party. It seems that some opponents of Zapatero in León, perhaps with the support of powerful <i>Guerristas</i> at the top of the Spanish Socialist Party wanted to increase their influence within it by increasing the number of members in the towns of León favorable to them. Their main aim would have been to take control of the Regional Socialist Section of <a href="/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilla y León">Castilla y León</a> in the conference to be held in 1994. Zapatero's support for the then Regional Secretary General, Jesús Quijano transformed him into the enemy of the <i>Guerristas</i> in the region as the FSL is the most important Provincial Section.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004169_fol_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004169_fol-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1994 two papers, <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diario_de_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diario de León (page does not exist)">Diario de León</a></i>, published several articles that suggested irregularities in his appointment as a teaching assistant by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="University of León">University of León</a> and in his keeping the job until 1991. The suspicions of political favoritism were due to his having been directly appointed without a prior selection process open to other candidates. On 20 May 1994, he held a press conference where he rejected these accusations. Zapatero attributed to "ignorance" or "bad faith" the content of the articles and linked them to the internal fight for the job of Secretary General of the Regional Chapter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004101_fol_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004101_fol-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, three regional conferences were held: All of them were finally won by Zapatero or his supporters. </p><p>The National Conference (held after most of the representatives elected in the first León Conference were Zapatero's supporters) was won by the <i>reformers</i>, at that time strongly opposed to the <i>Guerristas</i>. That was positive for Zapatero as the list of bogus party members was revised again. Their number grew from 577 to almost 900.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004188_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004188-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zapatero was finally reelected secretary general with 68% of the ballots in the 7th Regional Conference held in July 1994, following the removal of the false memberships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004100_&_192_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004100_&_192-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, new regional and local elections were held. The results were bad for the PSOE in León as they lost four seats in the mayoralty of León and two seats in the regional parliament of Castilla-León. The results were influenced by the bad economic situation and the cases of corruption assailing the party. Zapatero had personally directed the electoral campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004196_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004196-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, after the General Election, Zapatero kept his seat at the Congress of Deputies. The following year, Zapatero was again elected Secretary General of León and after the national conference held by the party that year he entered the National Executive (the party's governing body).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004203_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004203-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Association of Parliamentary Journalists awarded to Zapatero the "Diputado Revelación" prize (something like <i>Most promising MP of the year</i>) in December 1999 for his activities as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a>. From 1996 until 2000, his most conspicuous contributions as an MP were his vigorous opposition to the electrical protocol proposed by the government (initially negative for the important coal sector of León), being the PSOE spokesman in the Commission of Public Administration<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004200_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004200-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and probably his most important success as an MP: the passing of an amendment to the national budget of 2000 in November 1999 that increased the pensions of the non-professional soldiers who fought for the Republic during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939. They were made equal to those of the professional military. The initiative was defended by him in the name of the Parliamentary Socialist Group, proponent of the amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200440_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200440-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bid_for_PSOE_leadership">Bid for PSOE leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bid for PSOE leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12 March 2000, the PSOE had lost its second successive election to José María Aznar's <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a>. Zapatero held his seat, but the Socialist Party obtained only 125 seats, 16 fewer than in 1996. The defeat was especially bitter as the People's Party unexpectedly obtained an absolute majority for the first time and the socialist result was worse than in the previous election. Almunia announced his resignation on the very day the General Election took place. </p><p>Zapatero decided to run for the leadership of the Socialist Party in its 35th Conference to be held in June that year. Together with other socialist members, he founded a new faction within the party called <i>Nueva Vía</i> (New Way) in April 2000, to serve him as a platform to become Secretary General. The name of <i>Nueva Vía</i> was a mix of <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(centrism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Way (centrism)">Third Way</a></i> (<i>tercera vía</i> in Spanish) and <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neue_Mitte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neue Mitte (page does not exist)">Neue Mitte</a></i> (<i>new center</i> or <i>nuevo centro</i> in Spanish).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004232_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004232-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 June 2000 Zapatero officially announced his intention to run for the federal Secretaryship General at an Extraordinary Conference of the Socialist Party of León.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004244_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004244-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pasqual_Maragall" title="Pasqual Maragall">Pasqual Maragall</a> was the only regional leader of the Socialist Party who officially supported him before the Conference was held. <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> also decided to support him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004253_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004253-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zapatero ran against three other opponents (<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bono" title="José Bono">José Bono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosa_D%C3%ADez" title="Rosa Díez">Rosa Díez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matilde_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Matilde Fernández">Matilde Fernández</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matilde Fernández was the candidate of the <i>guerristas</i> while José Bono was the candidate of the <i>reformers</i>. Rosa Díez was a Basque politician who was a kind of intermediate option at the time. </p><p>Zapatero was a <i>dark horse</i> who had against him his inexperience and in favour his image of reform and being the only MP among the candidates. (All the Spanish opposition leaders had been MPs before winning the elections. A very important factor in Spanish politics where electoral campaigns last for only 15 days and to be widely known long before they begin is essential.) Bono was deeply disliked by the <i>guerristas</i>, who also favoured Zapatero. </p><p>Zapatero finally won by a relatively small margin (he obtained 414 votes out of 995 and José Bono obtained 405) on 22 July 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The margin was relatively small because Bono had no likelihood of winning since the supporters of the other two candidates preferred Zapatero as their second choice. Zapatero accepted the cancellation of a run-off between himself and Bono because he was sure of his victory after only one ballot and he apparently did not want to humiliate his adversary. </p><p>After becoming Secretary General, he was congratulated by the French PM <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a>, by the German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> and by José María Aznar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004287_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004287-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He moved to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> with his family that year. As a Congressman he had lived from Monday to Thursday in Madrid and the rest of the time in León.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004201_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004201-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_leader">Opposition leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Opposition leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This was the period when Zapatero was appointed as Secretary General of the PSOE in 2000 until he became <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> on 14 April 2004. </p><p>Zapatero has always claimed to base his political activity on his love of dialogue. When he was an opposition leader, he liked to contrast his behaviour with the "arrogant", "authoritarian" approach of the People's Party and, especially, that of its leader José María Aznar. </p><p>As a result, after being appointed Secretary General, he coined the term <i>Calm Opposition</i> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Oposición Tranquila</i></span>) to refer to his opposition strategy. The <i>Calm Opposition</i> was supposedly based on an "open to dialogue", "soft", "constructive" attitude (<i>talante constructivo</i>, coined as <i>talante</i>) aimed not at damaging the government but at achieving the "best" for the people. (Zapatero has insisted on this point so many times that the term <i>talante</i> has become very popular in Spain.) Because of this supposed tactic, Zapatero received nicknames like <i><a href="/wiki/Bambi" title="Bambi">Bambi</a></i> or <i>Sosoman</i> (where <i>Soso</i>, meaning "dull, insipid, bore", replaces <i>Super</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a></i>), especially in the first months after being appointed General Secretary. </p><p>After his election to the leadership of the PSOE, Zapatero spoke about the influence of the political philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">civic republicanism</a> on him in general, and in particular the ideas of republican political philosopher <a href="/wiki/Philip_Pettit" title="Philip Pettit">Philip Pettit</a>. In an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i>, Zapatero linked civic republicanism's focus on <a href="/wiki/Civic_virtue" title="Civic virtue">civic virtue</a> to tolerance of individual autonomy and expanding political participation.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Zapatero's years as an opposition leader (and later as prime minister), the tension between left-wing and right-wing supporters increased and, according to some opinions, a real radicalization of the society took (and is taking) place <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Zapatero's supporters blame his opponents for that and the People's Party blames him stating facts such as the increase in the acts of violence committed against them, especially in the months before and during the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Iraq">war in Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, a new term has become popular: <i>guerracivilismo</i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (made up of a combination of the Spanish for Civil War and the <i>-ismo</i> <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>, equivalent to the English "-ism"), which would refer to the growing enmity of right and left-wing factions. </p><p>Zapatero's criticisms of the government were very active from the beginning, blaming the government for its inability to control the rise in the price of <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a> and asking for a reduction in the corresponding taxes. </p><p>In 2000, the British <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">nuclear submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Tireless_(S88)" title="HMS Tireless (S88)">HMS <i>Tireless</i></a> arrived at <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> harbour to have its <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a> repaired. Aznar affirmed that there was no risk for the population but Zapatero criticized him for his inability to force the British government to take the submarine to another harbour. After almost one year, the <i>Tireless</i> was repaired and left Gibraltar without having caused any known problems.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another point of friction came from the scheme to transfer water from the River Ebro to other areas, especially the irrigated areas in the South East of Spain, one of the richest agricultural regions in the world. The scheme had received support from, among others, 80% of the affected farmers and the Socialist regional governments of regions such as <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>, Andalusia or <a href="/wiki/Castilla-La_Mancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilla-La Mancha">Castilla-La Mancha</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some Socialist politicians also supported it when they were members of the former Socialist government back in the 90s (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">José Borrell</a>, the current leader of the European Spanish Socialist Group and former president of the European Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheme was mainly opposed by Zapatero, environmentalist groups, the Socialist regional government of <a href="/wiki/Aragon,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Aragon, Spain">Aragon</a> and some of the citizens of the areas from which water was to be transferred. The main criticisms of the scheme were the supposed damage to the environment and an argued real lack of sufficient water for all of the affected parties (the proponents of the scheme answered back that there was no risk of a serious environmental damage and that in 2003, 14 times more water reached the sea than what was needed annually).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The scheme, finally approved by the Government, was canceled by Zapatero soon after becoming prime minister. </p><p>Zapatero was the main proponent of the "Pacto de las Libertades contra el Terrorismo" ("Anti Terrorist Freedom pact) which was signed on 8 December 2000. </p><p>At the end of the year, the <a href="/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy" title="Bovine spongiform encephalopathy">Mad Cow disease</a> came back into the spotlight after its outbreak in 1996. Zapatero repeatedly criticized the Government's management of the crisis arguing that it was out of control.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2005, the disease had caused dozens of deaths all over Europe, though none in Spain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2001 one of the biggest points of friction between the government and the opposition were the proposed reforms affecting the education system. The People's Party first introduced the so-called LOU, a law to change the university system, and later the LOCE (<i>Organic Act for Education Quality</i>), which affected secondary education. Zapatero strongly opposed both. The People's Party used its absolute majority in the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes</a> to pass its reforms. </p><p>A regional election was held in the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> on 13 May 2001. The socialists received 17.8% of the vote (against 17.6% in the previous 1998 elections) but lost one seat. Both, the Socialist Party and the People's Party had formed an alliance against the then ruling nationalist Basque political movements but the latter won again. The results were considered a failure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004319_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004319-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicol%C3%A1s_Redondo_Terreros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolás Redondo Terreros (page does not exist)">Nicolás Redondo Terreros</a>, the Basque Socialist leader during the election who was strongly opposed to Basque nationalism and to <a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a>, resigned after some internal clashes, resigning his seat in the Basque parliament and in the Federal Executive. He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Patxi_L%C3%B3pez" title="Patxi López">Patxi López</a>, elected on 24 March 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004320_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004320-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> López had actively supported Zapatero during his campaign to become Secretary General.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004257_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004257-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 October 2001 a new regional election took place, this time in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>. The People's Party, led in Galicia by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fraga_Iribarne" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Fraga Iribarne">Manuel Fraga Iribarne</a>, obtained a new absolute majority. The Socialist party increased its number of seats from 15 to 17, but, after several years of opposition the results were also considered bad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004321_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004321-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two negative results seemed to confirm that Zapatero's approach was not working. </p><p>On 19 December 2001 Zapatero travelled to <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, after the Moroccan government expelled the Spanish ambassador <a href="/wiki/Sine_die" class="mw-redirect" title="Sine die">sine die</a>. <a href="/wiki/Javier_Arenas_(Spanish_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Javier Arenas (Spanish politician)">Javier Arenas</a>, then secretary general of the People's Party, accused him of not being loyal to Spanish interests. Zapatero denied it and claimed that one of his purposes was to help solve the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004327_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004327-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, Zapatero was chosen as the Socialist candidate for the next general election. </p><p>In 2002, the People's Party Government decided to reform the system of <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">unemployment benefits</a>, as it thought that there were too many workers who being able to find a job preferred to continue receiving public money. This led to a redefinition of those who were eligible for unemployment benefits. Left-wing parties and trade unions considered that redefinition an unacceptable reduction of rights. Zapatero became the political leader of the opposition against the reform (dubbed the <i>Decretazo</i>, because it was passed using a decree-law), which served him as his first important clash with Aznar's government. </p><p>A General Strike was announced for 20 June 2002 (the first since Aznar won the election in 1996). Although, according to official data (including the electrical power consumption and the number of working days calculated by the Social Security), the turnout was lower than 15%, the lowest since the restoration of democracy, neither the unions nor Zapatero believed the data and considered the strike a resounding success,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with more than "10 million" workers having followed the strike. Whatever the result, both the People's Party government and the trade unions signed an agreement that satisfied both parties in November. </p><p>In May 2002, Felipe González declared in reference to the change in the Socialist Party that "My state of mind tells me that a change has taken place, that perhaps a second Suresnes <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> has happened, but it has yet to be proved that a new project with content and ideas really exists", thus doubting Zapatero's leadership. That declaration was expressed in a public event also attended by Zapatero, who calmly expressed his disagreement. González ended his intervention by remembering that his candidate for Secretary General was <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bono" title="José Bono">José Bono</a>, not Zapatero. González backtracked the next day, declaring that either his words had been incorrectly construed or he had expressed his ideas erroneously. José Bono himself confirmed his total support for Zapatero.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004310–311_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004310–311-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident seemed to confirm that Zapatero's strategy was not working. </p><p>On 22 October 2002 Zapatero spoke in the name of the Socialist Party during the debate about the National Budget. Initially, <a href="/wiki/Jordi_Sevilla" title="Jordi Sevilla">Jordi Sevilla</a> was to have been the Socialist spokesman but, at the last moment, he was replaced in a surprise move. When Jordi Sevilla, after being called by the speaker, had already descended to the floor of the Congress of Deputies, Zapatero said to him "let me do it" and climbed to the orator platform. José María Aznar and other members of the People's Party had previously criticized him for not representing his party in the debate, suggesting a lack of the necessary political skills. Although the People's Party considered his action too theatrical, it seems it had quite a positive effect on his supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004316_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004316-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2002, the oil tanker <i><a href="/wiki/Prestige_oil_spill" title="Prestige oil spill">Prestige</a></i> suffered an accident in international waters<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> causing a grave oil slick which mainly affected Galicia, but also, to a lesser degree all the northern coast of Spain, and even the coast of France. The <i>Prestige</i> finally split and sank. </p><p>Zapatero blamed the Government's handling of the events during and after the accident.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main point of friction between Aznar and Zapatero, however, was the war in Iraq. Opinion polls showed that a clear majority of Spanish voters (around 90%) were against the U.S.-led attack against <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s regime.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Among them, Zapatero who considered any action against Saddam's regime to be illegal and was opposed to the very concept of <a href="/wiki/Preemptive_war" title="Preemptive war">preemptive war</a>. </p><p>On 26 May 2003 a <a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-42" title="Yakovlev Yak-42">Yakovlev Yak-42</a> plane carrying Spanish soldiers home from <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> crashed in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. The plane had been hired by an agency of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. Zapatero blamed Aznar and his government for neglecting aspects like the plane insurance or safety. Further, Aznar had rejected calls for a full inquiry into the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-wsws_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsws-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 2004 March elections it was proven that there had been serious irregularities in the identification of the corpses resulting in a high number of mistakes.<sup id="cite_ref-wsws_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsws-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concerning the <a href="/wiki/European_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="European Constitution">European Constitution</a>, Zapatero criticized the People's Party Government for fighting to preserve the distribution of power agreed by the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> in the new Constitution. Zapatero thought that Spain should accept a lesser share of power. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-BLP_sources_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22">"José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 25 May 2003, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=May_2003_Madrid_Assembly_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May 2003 Madrid Assembly election (page does not exist)">first local and regional elections</a> since Zapatero's appointment as leader of the Socialist party were held. The Socialist Party received a larger popular vote (which prompted Zapatero to claim his party had been the winner) but the People's Party obtained more posts in councils and regional governments. In general, there were not many changes in the results compared to those of the previous Elections held in 1999. The Socialists lost the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a> but got enough votes in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> to govern through a coalition with the communists of the <a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">United Left</a>. The "victory" was welcomed by Zapatero, as the winner in Madrid had always won the next general election. However, an unexpected scandal, the so-called Madrid Assembly Scandal, negatively affected the socialist expectations of a victory in 2004. </p><p>After the Madrid election, the People's Party lacked two seats to obtain an absolute majority. This seemed to allow an alliance of Socialists and the United Left to seize power. But an unexpected event happened. Eduardo Tamayo and María Teresa Sáez, two Socialist Assembly Members (AMs) angry at the distribution of power in the future regional government between the United Left and the Socialist Party, started a crisis that led to a re-run of the Election in Madrid in October 2003 with the subsequent victory of the People's Party. </p><p>Zapatero did not accept the account of the Socialist AMs and tried to explain it as a conspiratorial plot caused by speculative interests of the house building industry that would have bribed the AMs to prevent a left-wing government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The People's Party, on the other hand, defended the theory that the anger of the two Socialist AMs was caused by Zapatero's broken promise about the referred distribution of power within the Madrid section of the Socialist Party. That promise would have been made some months before the crisis in exchange of support for one of his more immediate collaborators (<a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Trinidad Jiménez">Trinidad Jiménez</a>), who wanted to become the Socialist candidate for mayor of Madrid (the Spanish capital). </p><p>Zapatero's team had entered into contact with José Luis Balbás through Enrique Martínez and <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Caldera" title="Jesús Caldera">Jesús Caldera</a> (then Minister of Labor)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004237_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004237-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2000, Zapatero, Caldera and José Blanco had had lunch with Eduardo Tamayo in a restaurant in Madrid. Tamayo would later become a representative of Zapatero in the 35th party national conference. At the end of the month "Renovadores de la Base" (the faction of Tamayo and Balbás) decided to support Zapatero and the later agreed to be part of Zapatero's team.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004238–239_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004238–239-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He played an important role during Zapatero's promotion. For example, Balbás together with <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Blanco_L%C3%B3pez" title="José Blanco López">José Blanco</a> controlled the list of delegates. </p><p>During the Debate over the State of the Nation, an annual debate that takes place in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Congress_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Congress of Deputies">Spanish Congress of Deputies</a>, Zapatero was harshly criticised by José María Aznar on account of the scandal. For the first time, the opinion polls showed that most Spaniards believed that the then Spanish Prime Minister had been the winner (Zapatero had always been considered the winner since his first debate in 2001). </p><p>Later, in October, a regional election took place in Catalonia, whose results were worse than expected for the Socialist Party. As most of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities of Spain</a> hold the elections to their assemblies the same day, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, Catalonia, <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a>, coinciding with the municipal elections all over Spain, the results are hugely significant. </p><p>On 16 November 2003, the regional election for the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Catalonia" title="Parliament of Catalonia">Assembly of Catalonia</a> was held. Two days before, Zapatero had predicted a historic victory for the <a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Catalonia" title="Socialists' Party of Catalonia">Socialists' Party of Catalonia</a> and the beginning of the People's Party defeat. The Socialist Party won the election in popular vote but CiU obtained more MPs due to the electoral law. The final results were 46 seats for <a href="/wiki/Convergence_and_Union" title="Convergence and Union">Convergence and Union</a> (CiU) (ten fewer than in 1999, the year of the previous election), 42 for the Socialist Party (ten fewer), 15 for the People's Party (three more), 9 for <a href="/wiki/Iniciativa_per_Catalunya-Verds" class="mw-redirect" title="Iniciativa per Catalunya-Verds">Iniciativa per Catalunya-Verds</a> and 23 (nine more) for the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">Republican Left of Catalonia</a>. Zapatero attributed the bad results to the consequences of the crisis of Madrid. However, Maragall became the President of the Regional Government after a Pact with Republican Left of Catalonia and Iniciativa per Catalunya-Verds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004342_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004342-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That alliance resulted in another setback for the Socialist Party when the Spanish newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Diario_ABC" class="mw-redirect" title="Diario ABC">ABC</a></i> published an article stating that Josep-Lluís <a href="/wiki/Carod-Rovira" class="mw-redirect" title="Carod-Rovira">Carod-Rovira</a>, leader of Republican Left of Catalonia, had met some <a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a> members secretly in January 2004. According to <i>ABC</i>, Carod-Rovira had promised to provide ETA with political support if the group did not act in Catalonia, which seemed to have been confirmed by the ETA announcement of a truce affecting only that region some months later, before the general election of 2004. Carod-Rovira resigned as vice president of the Catalan government, but continued to be the leader of his party. The scandal damaged Zapatero's image, as ETA and political violence are controversial issues in Spain and Carod-Rovira's party was seen as a possible ally if Zapatero won the election. </p><p>At end of 2003 and the beginning of 2004 the Spanish political parties started to prepare themselves for the <a href="/wiki/2004_Spanish_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Spanish legislative election">general election of 2004</a>. All of the opinion polls elaborated at the time foreseen a defeat for Zapatero, as they always predicted a new victory for the People's Party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_2004_general_election">The 2004 general election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The 2004 general election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Summarize_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Section_size_policies" title="Help:Section">too long</a> and excessively detailed.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider summarizing the material.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The campaign for the General Election started a fortnight before 14 March 2004. Polls favoured the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a>, with some polls predicting a possible repeat of their absolute majority.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Previously, on 8 January 2004, Zapatero had created a Committee of Notables composed of 10 highly qualified experts with considerable political weight. Its mission was to help him to become prime minister. Among its members: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bono" title="José Bono">José Bono</a> (his ex-rival for the Secretaryship of the party and later appointed Minister of Defence), <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ibarra" title="Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra">Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra</a> (president of the regional government of <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> and one of the most important socialist leaders), <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Moratinos" title="Miguel Ángel Moratinos">Miguel Ángel Moratinos</a> (his minister of foreign affairs 2004–2010), <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Peces-Barba" title="Gregorio Peces-Barba">Gregorio Peces-Barba</a> (later appointed by him High Commissioner for the Victims of Terrorism, although he has already made public his resignation), <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Calvo" title="Carmen Calvo">Carmen Calvo</a> (later appointed minister of culture), etc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004313_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004313-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ten days later, on 18 January 2004, Zapatero announced that he would only become prime minister if the Spanish Socialist Workers Party received a plurality, renouncing possible parliamentary alliances in advance if that situation did not happen after the election. Minority parties (especially <a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">United Left</a>, a communist party) criticized the decision, for they considered it an attempt to attract their own voters, who would rather ensure a defeat of the People's Party even at the expense of voting for an unfavorable party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004317_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004317-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zapatero's slogan became "we deserve a better Spain", which was coupled with "Zapatero Presidente", or "(ZP)", which became a popular nickname of the then Spanish Prime Minister. </p> <dl><dt>Campaign promises</dt></dl> <ul><li>180,000 new houses every year to buy or to rent</li> <li>Preservation of a balanced budget with no deficit but with a more flexible approach than that of the People's Party</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilingual_education" title="Bilingual education">Bilingual education</a> (English and Spanish, together with the official regional language in the areas where it existed)</li> <li>A computer for every two students</li> <li>A two-year maximum for legal processes or financial compensation</li> <li>Further investment in research and development</li> <li>Make the <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">state-owned television company</a> more independent from the government by making its director answerable to parliament, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004312_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004312-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-#answer_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#answer-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>During the campaign, Zapatero harshly criticized the People's Party for its management of the <i><a href="/wiki/Prestige_oil_spill" title="Prestige oil spill">Prestige</a></i> crisis, its attitude towards the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and the high cost of housing. <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>, the new leader of the People's Party after <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">Aznar's</a> voluntary retirement, on his part, attacked Zapatero's foreseeable future alliances with parties like United Left or Republican Left of Catalonia (a pro-Independence Catalan party). </p><p>One of the most important points of friction was the absence of televised debates between the candidates. Zapatero was the first to propose a debate to Mariano Rajoy. Rajoy accepted on the condition that Zapatero could not be alone but accompanied at least by two of his potential allies after the election: <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Llamazares" title="Gaspar Llamazares">Gaspar Llamazares</a> (the leader of United Left) and <a href="/wiki/Josep-Llu%C3%ADs_Carod-Rovira" title="Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira">Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira</a> (leader of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">Republican Left of Catalonia</a>). Rajoy justified his decision on the grounds that, in his opinion, he was not running against the Socialist Party but against a "coalition" of forces opposed to the People's Party's policies. Zapatero never formally responded to this proposal and throughout the campaign he continued criticizing what he always defined as Rajoy's reluctance to defend his political program face-to-face. (Zapatero has promised to change electoral law to make televised debates compulsory.) </p><p>On 11 March 2004 the most deadly peacetime <a href="/wiki/11_March_2004_Madrid_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="11 March 2004 Madrid attacks">attacks</a> in Spanish history took place. Several commuter trains were bombed, causing 191 deaths and outrage all over Spain. The attacks took place three days before the General Election and all electoral activities were suspended. The common sorrow, instead of promoting unity among Spaniards, increased the already bitter tone of the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The People's Party government and Zapatero (who accused ETA in a radio statement broadcast at 8:50 am), initially claimed the attacks to be the work of ETA, an armed <a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque nationalist</a> separatist organization. Later, after an audiotape in Arabic was found in a van near a railway station where the perpetrators boarded one of the trains, Aznar declared that all of the possibilities were being investigated.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government was accused of manipulating information about who was responsible for the attacks to avoid the consequences of public anger at a bombing motivated by its foreign policy – Aznar personally phoned the editors of the four national daily newspapers to tell them that ETA were responsible, whilst Minister of the Interior <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Acebes" title="Ángel Acebes">Ángel Acebes</a> attacked those who believed that responsibility lay elsewhere, despite not offering any evidence for ETA's culpability,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the state broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a> initially failed to report the protest outside the Popular Party's headquarters which ran through the night before the day of the election.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zapatero himself has repeatedly accused the Popular Party of lying about those who were responsible for the attacks. On the other hand, the book <i>11-M. La venganza</i> by Casimiro Abadillo, a Spanish journalist who works for the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i>, claims that, before the General Election, Zapatero had told that newspaper's director, Pedro J. Ramirez, that two <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">suicide bombers</a> had been found among the victims (although the specialists that examined the bodies said they found no such evidence).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was asked in December 2004 about the issue by the Parliamentary Investigative Committee created to find the truth about the attacks, he declared that he did not remember what he had said.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The campaign had ended abruptly two days before it was expected to convene as a result of the bombings. The day before the elections – in this case 13 March 2004 – is considered to be a "Day of Reflection" under Spanish electoral law, with candidates and their parties legally barred from political campaigning. Despite this prohibition, numerous demonstrations took place against the government of José María Aznar in front of the premises of the People's Party all over Spain. There were some claims that most of these demonstrations were instigated or orchestrated by the Socialist Party, through the use of SMS text messaging from mobile phones belonging to the Socialist Party. The Socialist Party publicly denied these accusations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the demonstrations escalated, Mariano Rajoy himself appeared on national TV to denounce the illegal demonstrations. In reply, both José Blanco and Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba broke the silence from the Socialist Party's side, in separate appearances. In the end both sides accused each other of breaking the electoral law on reflection day. </p><p>In this climate of social unrest and post-attack shock, the <a href="/wiki/2004_Spanish_general_election" title="2004 Spanish general election">elections</a> were held on 14 March 2004. Zapatero's Socialist Party won the elections, with 164 seats in the Cortes, while the People's Party obtained 148. It seems likely that the election result was influenced to a greater or lesser extent by the Spanish public's response to the attacks<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the informative coverage by the different media and political parties. He took office on 17 April. </p><p>An important point of controversy is if the purpose of the Madrid attacks were to force a Socialist victory; at issue as well was that, if that was the case, whether they succeeded in altering the final result. This has been called the "4 March theory" (that is, if the election had been scheduled for 7 March, the attacks would have taken place on 4 March) by Aznar, among others. No definitive data exists in favour of that possibility but some facts have been used to support it. Thus, the first question Jamal Zougam (one of the first arrested suspects) made when he arrived at the Courthouse on 15 March 2004 was: 'Who won the election?'.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>How the bombing influenced the results is widely debated. The three schools of thought are: </p> <ul><li>The attacks themselves might have changed the electoral winner. A sufficient number of voters suddenly decided to vote for the Socialist party because they thought that if it won, Islamist terrorism would be placated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The handling of the attacks by the government, rather than the attacks themselves, might have changed the electoral winner. People who had the perception that the information about the attacks was being manipulated decided to vote the Socialist party as a response.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The attacks might have changed the result but not the winner. The Socialist Party was going to win but with fewer votes. (Despite this claim, most polls before the attacks gave a victory to <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>.)</li></ul> <p>The theory that the bombing affected the result is a <a href="/wiki/Counterfactual_conditional" title="Counterfactual conditional">counterfactual</a> that cannot be verified. As elections in European states hinge on social and economic policies mainly, it is equally possible the terrorist events had no notable effect. In this regard, a majority of 74%<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Spanish people were against Spanish involvement in the war. </p><p>On 13 June 2004 (three months after the General Election) the Election for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> took place. The Socialist Party tied with 25 seats vs 25 for the People's Party (out of 54), but narrowly won in popular vote. Although <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">José Borrell</a> was the official candidate, Zapatero played an important role in that campaign (as is usual in Spain). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premiership">Premiership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Premiership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Governments_of_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="Governments of Rodríguez Zapatero">Governments of Rodríguez Zapatero</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #DEDEDE;"><span style="font-size:80%">Styles of</span><br /><b><span class="fn">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Presidential_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Spanish_Presidential_Flag.svg/50px-Spanish_Presidential_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Spanish_Presidential_Flag.svg/75px-Spanish_Presidential_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Spanish_Presidential_Flag.svg/100px-Spanish_Presidential_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2071" data-file-height="2071" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Excelentísimo Señor (Don)</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Señor Presidente</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative style</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Señor</i> Zapatero, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Don</a></i> José Luis</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>His style's defining word is <i>(buen) talante</i>, roughly "pleasantness", "niceness" or "good disposition", which is in brisk and carefully chosen contrast with the more confrontational and brusque premiership style of previous Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a>. Similarly, Zapatero has been quoted to shy away from adopting unpopular measures, having a "habit of showering public money on any problem" and, in all, being "averse to tough decisions".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawal_from_Iraq">Withdrawal from Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Withdrawal from Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the first measures he carried out as soon as he took office was to withdraw every Spanish soldier fighting in Iraq, calling the invasion of that country "an error based on lies".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In less than a month, his nation's 1,300 troops were withdrawn from Iraq. This drew criticism from the right, who held the view that he was ceding to the pressure of the terrorists who attacked Spain. However, it was a measure announced by him before the general elections and supported by the majority of Spanish population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Domestic policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of Zapatero's work has been on social issues, including <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>-motivated violence and discrimination,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> divorce<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent social issue tackled has been the Dependency Law,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a plan to regulate help and resources for people in dire need of them, and who cannot provide for themselves and must rely on others on a daily basis. Zapatero has also made it clear that he values funding of research and development and higher education and believes them to be essential for Spain's economic competitiveness. At the same time, he increased the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> and pursued other socialist policies. Scholarships were made available to all, and young adults received rent subsidies called “emancipation” money. The elderly got stipends for nursing care, mothers got €2,500 for the birth of a child, and toddlers attended free nurseries.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislation against domestic abuse was introduced, together with a law under which people who are dependent (for reasons such as having a disability) are entitled to a state pension. To safeguard dependents, a board was established that estimates for each person based on their disability what they are entitled to, as a right. Equally, people required to stay at home to look after the disabled are entitled to a dependency salary. In regards to migrants, 700,000 were granted amnesty in the first year of the Zapatero Government. Steps were also taken to address the vulnerability of people on temporary work contracts, making it more difficult for employers to fire at will and easier for workers to get mortgages.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_problems">Economic problems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economic problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Facing a recession and rising unemployment, Zapatero pledged to cut government spending by 4.5% and raise taxes, but not income taxes. The Popular Party contended that Zapatero lacked a coherent economic plan and stated "There is no tax increase capable of filling the hole that you have created". On 23 June 2008 Zapatero announced 21 reforms designed to aid economic recovery in a speech pointedly avoiding popular terms of the period such as 'crisis'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although government deficits were projected to increase to 10% of GDP, Zapatero promised to reduce it to 3% required by EU policy by 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2011 Spain's Unemployment Rate had risen to 20.33% exceeding his target rate of 19.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: LGBT rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legalization of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">same-sex marriage in Spain</a> on 1 July 2005 includes <a href="/wiki/LGBT_adoption" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT adoption">adoption rights</a>, as well as other rights that were previously only available to heterosexual couples. This caused a stir within the Catholic Church,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which opposed the measures and supported a demonstration attended by some 166,000 (according to official figures) and one million people (according to the organisers) in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Zapatero's government was also responsible for a Gender Identity Law that allowed <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> persons the right to have their identity legally recognised, the criteria being one clinical evaluation and two years of treatment (generally hormone replacement therapy), without the need for mandatory genital surgery or irreversible sterility. The law was, along with the legislation of some US states, one of the most simple and non-bureaucratic in the world. Transgender persons also have the right to marry persons of the opposite or same sex they have transitioned into, and to biologically parent children either before or after transitioning.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_territorial_tensions">Regional territorial tensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Regional territorial tensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zapatero has often declared that his government will not be "soft on terrorism", and will not allow regional nationalists to endanger Spanish unity. </p><p>On 13 November 2003, in a rally in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> during the election campaign that took <a href="/wiki/Pasqual_Maragall" title="Pasqual Maragall">Pasqual Maragall</a> to power in the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat" title="Generalitat">Generalitat</a>, Rodríguez Zapatero gave a famous promise to approve the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Catalonia">Statute of Catalonia</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I will support the reform of the Statute of Catalonia that the Parliament of Catalonia approves.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In October 2005, a controversial<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposal to reform the Catalan statute arrived at the Spanish parliament after being passed in Catalonia. Zapatero, who had often expressed his support for a change of the statute (although he did not entirely support the draft passed by the Catalan Parliament), supported the reform. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy_of_the_Civil_War_and_Francoism">Legacy of the Civil War and Francoism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legacy of the Civil War and Francoism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2004, Zapatero's government undertook the task of morally and legally rehabilitating those who were suppressed during and after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, by instituting a Memorial Commission chaired by Vice-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_la_Vega" title="María Teresa Fernández de la Vega">María Teresa Fernández de la Vega</a>. </p><p>On 17 March 2005, Zapatero's government ordered the removal of the last remaining statue of former dictator <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> that remained in Madrid.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The measures taken have been criticized as an over-correction by the opposition arguing that the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Memory_Law" title="Historical Memory Law">Historical Memory Law</a> of 2007 reopens old wounds and has been taken advantage of by certain groups to present a unilateral version of the war which focuses solely on the crimes of one side whilst widely ignoring those of the other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_of_the_education_system">Reform of the education system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Zapatero_junto_con_los_nuevos_ministros_del_Gobierno.jpg/330px-Zapatero_junto_con_los_nuevos_ministros_del_Gobierno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Zapatero_junto_con_los_nuevos_ministros_del_Gobierno.jpg/440px-Zapatero_junto_con_los_nuevos_ministros_del_Gobierno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Zapatero along with some of the Government, 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>Just after he took office, Zapatero repealed the law reforming the Education System passed by the previous government and, in November 2005, introduced his own reform bill. The bill was opposed by the People's Party, the Catholic Church, the Muslim community, The Catholic Confederation of Parents' Associations and an important part of the educational community, often for disparate reasons. Complaints against the reform include the limits it imposes upon parents' freedom to choose a school, the decrease in academic status of voluntary religious education, the introduction of a compulsory course ("<a href="/wiki/Education_for_Citizenship_(Spain)" title="Education for Citizenship (Spain)">Education for Citizenship</a>") and a perceived ineffectiveness of the reform in terms of combating poor educational results. The last complaint would be reinforced by the opinion that Spain has ranked poorly amongst the developed countries in the quality and results of its education. </p><p>After a major demonstration took place against this education reform, the government held a series of meetings with many of the organizations that opposed the reform, reaching agreements with some of them (especially parents' associations and teachers' unions). Some others, most prominently the People's Party and the Catholic Church remain staunchly opposed to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ETA">ETA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: ETA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ETA%27s_2006_ceasefire_declaration" title="ETA's 2006 ceasefire declaration">ETA's 2006 ceasefire declaration</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a> declared what it described at the time as a "permanent <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a>" that began on midnight 23 March 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 June 2007, ETA declared this ceasefire over.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the initial ceasefire declaration, he informed the Congress that steps would be taken to negotiate with them in order to end its terrorist campaign while denying that there would be any political price paid to put an end to ETA.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PP grew concerned about the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Concession_(politics)" title="Concession (politics)">political concessions</a> being made to the group to stop their ways, and actively opposed anything other than the possibility of an organized surrender and dismantling of ETA, refusing to support any kind of negotiation.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 December 2006 the ceasefire was broken when a car bomb exploded in <a href="/wiki/2006_Madrid_Barajas_International_Airport_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Madrid Barajas International Airport bombing">Madrid's International Airport, Barajas</a> and ETA claimed authorship. Following this, Zapatero gave orders to halt initiatives leading to negotiations with ETA.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demonstrations across Spain followed the next day, most condemning the attack, others condemning the Government's policies and a minority even questioning the authorship of the Madrid bombings.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A massive rally in Madrid followed on 25 February 2007 promoted by the Victims of Terrorism Association (AVT in Spanish acronym), rejecting what are perceived to be concessions from the government to the separatists.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 March 2007, a new massive rally was held in Madrid, gathering - depending on the source's relationships to the government - between 342,000 and over two million people.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This demonstration was organized by the opposition party PP and backed by the AVT and several other associations of victims, to not allow <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1aki_de_Juana_Chaos" title="Iñaki de Juana Chaos">Iñaki de Juana Chaos</a> out of prison and accusing Zapatero's government of surrendering to terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the meeting of the European Union Justice and Home Affairs Ministers held in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a> on 22 September 2006, some of the European ministers reprimanded the Spanish authorities for the aforementioned massive regularisation of undocumented immigrants which was regarded as too loose and opposed to the policies of other State members (on 2 September and 3 alone, during the height of the last illegal immigration wave, 2,283 people arrived illegally in the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> having shipped from <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> aboard 27 <a href="/wiki/Pirogue" title="Pirogue">pirogues</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_presidente_del_Gobierno_asiste_a_la_III_Cumbre_UE_-_%C3%81frica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/El_presidente_del_Gobierno_asiste_a_la_III_Cumbre_UE_-_%C3%81frica.jpg/220px-El_presidente_del_Gobierno_asiste_a_la_III_Cumbre_UE_-_%C3%81frica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/El_presidente_del_Gobierno_asiste_a_la_III_Cumbre_UE_-_%C3%81frica.jpg/330px-El_presidente_del_Gobierno_asiste_a_la_III_Cumbre_UE_-_%C3%81frica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/El_presidente_del_Gobierno_asiste_a_la_III_Cumbre_UE_-_%C3%81frica.jpg/440px-El_presidente_del_Gobierno_asiste_a_la_III_Cumbre_UE_-_%C3%81frica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a> with Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero at the third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli in November 2010.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iraq">Iraq</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before being elected, Zapatero opposed the American policy in regard to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> pursued by Prime Minister Aznar. During the electoral campaign Zapatero promised to withdraw the troops if control in Iraq was not passed to the United Nations after 30 June (the ending date of the initial Spanish military agreement with the multinational coalition that had overthrown Saddam Hussein). Zapatero declared that he did not intend to withdraw the Spanish troops before that date after being questioned about the issue by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party's</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> in his inauguration parliamentary debate as prime minister. </p><p>On 19 April 2004 Zapatero announced the withdrawal of the 1,300 Spanish troops in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decision aroused international support worldwide, though the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush administration">Bush administration</a> claimed that terrorists could perceive it as "a victory obtained due to the <a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a>". <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic party</a> candidate for the U.S. presidency, asked Zapatero not to withdraw the Spanish soldiers. Some months after withdrawing the troops, the Zapatero government agreed to increase the number of Spanish soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and to send troops to <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> to show the Spanish Government's willingness to spend resources on international missions approved by the United Nations. </p><p>On 8 June 2004, with the withdrawal already complete, Zapatero's government voted in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> in favour of Resolution 1546 where the following could be read: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Security Council, Recognising the importance of international support [...] for the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi people">people of Iraq</a> [...], Affirming the importance of international assistance in reconstruction and development of the Iraqi economy [...] 15. Requests Member States and international and regional organizations to contribute assistance to the multinational force, including <b>military forces</b>, as agreed with the Government of Iraq, to help meet the needs of the Iraqi people for security and stability, humanitarian and reconstruction assistance, and to support the efforts of UNAMI […]<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-BLP_sources_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22">"José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas?">¿Por qué no te callas?</a></div> <p>An important change in Spanish foreign policy was Zapatero's decision to approach left-wing leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>. Zapatero played an important role in the improvement of the relationship between the Cuban government and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. </p><p>At the end of March 2005, Zapatero travelled to Venezuela to sign a deal to sell military ships and aircraft to Venezuela worth around US$1 billion. The US government attempted to intervene but failed, accusing Venezuela of being a "dangerous country." </p><p>After the election of <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a> in Bolivia, Spain was one of the countries the new president visited during his first international tour. </p><p>At the 2007 Ibero–American Summit, Chávez called Zapatero's predecessor <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a> a fascist for allegedly supporting the 2002 coup attempt. Zapatero used his speaking time to defend Aznar, noting that he was "democratically elected by the Spanish people." Chávez kept trying to interrupt Zapatero, even as summit organisers turned off his microphone. <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain">King Juan Carlos</a>, who was seated beside Zapatero, attempted to rebuke Chávez, but was stopped by Zapatero who, displaying significant patience, told him to wait a moment. When Chávez continued to interrupt Zapatero, Juan Carlos, in a rare outburst of anger, asked Chávez "<a href="/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas?">¿Por qué no te callas?</a>" (Why don't you shut up?). The king left the hall shortly afterwards when the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President of Nicaragua</a> began to criticize the Spanish government as well. Zapatero continued to participate in the negotiations, later delivering, to loud applause, a speech demanding respect for the leaders of other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Spain–United States relations">Spain–United States relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush-Zapatero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bush-Zapatero.jpg/220px-Bush-Zapatero.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bush-Zapatero.jpg/330px-Bush-Zapatero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bush-Zapatero.jpg/440px-Bush-Zapatero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Zapatero with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, 14 November 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>The relations between Zapatero and former U.S. president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> were difficult, mostly as a result of Zapatero's opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. </p><p>On 12 October 2003, during the <a href="/wiki/Fiesta_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiesta Nacional de España">Fiesta Nacional de España</a> military parade held in Madrid, then <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Spain)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Spain)">opposition leader</a> and presidential candidate Zapatero remained seated as a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> honour guard carrying the <a href="/wiki/American_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="American flag">American flag</a> walked past Zapatero and other VIPs. Everybody else stood as with the rest of the foreign guest armies representations.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He declared afterwards that his action was a protest against the war and certainly not intended as an insult to the American people. </p><p>Later on, during an official visit to Tunisia shortly after Zapatero was elected, he asked all of the countries with troops in Iraq to withdraw their soldiers. This declaration moved Bush to send a letter expressing discontent to the Spanish premier.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>American troops were subsequently instructed to not take part during the traditional military parade on the Spanish national holiday in 2004 and in 2005, something which they used to, as both the Spanish and American armies, being <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> allies, are part of joint humanitarian missions; American troops returned to the military parade in 2006; this time Zapatero, being the Spanish premier, stood.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zapatero publicly stated his support for <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> as a candidate running in the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">U.S. Presidential election in 2004</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the election took place, winner George W. Bush did not return Zapatero's congratulation phone call, though the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> firmly denied that Bush's intention was to snub the Spanish prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Zapatero repeatedly insisted that Spain's relations with the United States were good. In spite of that, Zapatero acknowledged years after that the phone conversation held with President George W. Bush was "unforgettable" and that when told that the Spanish troops were leaving Iraq, the American president had told him "I am very disappointed in you" and that the conversation ended in a "very cold" manner.<sup id="cite_ref-hastalavista_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hastalavista-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zapatero later told a <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> reporter off the record that he had a "certain consideration" for Bush, because "I recognise that my electoral success has been influenced by his governing style", i.e., that Bush was so unpopular in Spain that he helped Zapatero win in 2004 and 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-hastalavista_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hastalavista-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2009, Spain announced that it would withdraw its forces from <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">Kosovo</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">US State Department</a> spokesman Robert Wood issued unusually strong criticism by stating that the United States was "deeply disappointed" by the decision. He said that Washington only learned of the move shortly before Spain announced it publicly. Spanish Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Carme_Chacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Carme Chacon">Carme Chacon</a> made the announcement saying, "The mission has been completed and it is time to return home." Asked if the United States shared that assessment, Wood said, "Not at all."<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> stated that the American relationship with Spain goes beyond "whatever disagreement we may have over Kosovo".<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-BLP_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22">"José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Zapatero's predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a>, defended a strong <a href="/wiki/Atlanticist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanticist">Atlanticist</a> policy. Zapatero has downplayed that policy in favour of a <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">pan-European</a> one. He has also sponsored the idea of an <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Civilizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Civilizations">Alliance of Civilizations</a> which is co-sponsored by Turkish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>. </p><p>In the writing of what was to be the <a href="/wiki/European_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="European Constitution">European Constitution</a> Zapatero accepted the distribution of power proposed by countries such as Germany and France. After signing the treaty in Rome together with other leaders, he decided to call for a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, which was held on 20 February 2005. It was the first referendum on the EU treaty, a fact highly publicized by Zapatero's government. A 'Yes' vote was supported by the Socialist Party and the People's Party and as a result almost 77% voted in favour of the European Constitution, but turnout was around 43%. However, this result came to nothing when a referendum in France voted to reject the European Constitution which meant that the EU could not ratify the treaty because support was not unanimous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union">Presidency of the Council of the European Union</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Presidency of the Council of the European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 January 2010, Spain assumed the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> for the first six months of the 18-month 'Trio' along with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>. The development of the Stockholm Programme Action Plan, the impulse for the EU adhesion to the European Convention on Human Rights, the setting up of the new plan for effective equality between women and men, and the political decision to promote the European protection order, were all important advances achieved under the Spanish Presidency. </p><p>Within days, Spain's website for its presidency was defaced by a picture of the main character of a popular television show, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Bean" title="Mr. Bean">Mr. Bean</a>, the supposed lookalike of Zapatero<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the <a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">XSS</a> attack lasted only several hours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France_and_Germany">France and Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: France and Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapatero_con_Angela_Merkel_en_el_Palacio_de_La_Moncloa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Zapatero_con_Angela_Merkel_en_el_Palacio_de_La_Moncloa.jpg/220px-Zapatero_con_Angela_Merkel_en_el_Palacio_de_La_Moncloa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Zapatero_con_Angela_Merkel_en_el_Palacio_de_La_Moncloa.jpg/330px-Zapatero_con_Angela_Merkel_en_el_Palacio_de_La_Moncloa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Zapatero_con_Angela_Merkel_en_el_Palacio_de_La_Moncloa.jpg/440px-Zapatero_con_Angela_Merkel_en_el_Palacio_de_La_Moncloa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Zapatero with German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, 3 February 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 March 2005, Zapatero became the first Spanish prime minister to speak to the French National Assembly. He supported the PS candidate <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a> during her campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">2007 French presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zapatero directly supported the SPD candidate, Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a>, before the <a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">German election of 18 September 2005</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Gibraltar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-BLP_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22">"José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While Zapatero complained about <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>'s celebrations for the tricentenary of British rule and rejected the Gibraltarians' requests for Spain to recognise their right to self-determination, at the end of 2004 his policy changed and he became the first Spanish prime minister to accept the participation of Gibraltar as a partner on the same level as Spain and the United Kingdom in discussions both countries hold regularly concerning the territory. The decision was criticized by many in Spain as a surrender of their claim to sovereignty over Gibraltar as well as an alleged disruption of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a>. Zapatero said it was a new way to solve a 300-year-old issue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2006_Franco%E2%80%93Italian%E2%80%93Spanish_Middle_East_Peace_Plan" title="2006 Franco–Italian–Spanish Middle East Peace Plan">2006 Franco–Italian–Spanish Middle East Peace Plan</a></div> <p>Zapatero condemned the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a>. Zapatero issued a statement saying that "From my point of view, Israel is wrong. One thing is self defense, and the other is to launch a counter offensive consisting on a general attack in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza strip">Gaza</a> that is just going to further escalate violence in the area".<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_election">2008 election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2008 election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_general_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish general election, 2008">Spanish general election, 2008</a></div> <p>On 9 March 2008, Zapatero's <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE) won the general election with 44% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days earlier, on 7 March, <a href="/wiki/Isa%C3%ADas_Carrasco" title="Isaías Carrasco">Isaías Carrasco</a>, a PSOE <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque</a> politician was shot dead in what is believed to be an attack by <a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a>, and which resulted in the agreed canceling of the final days of the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Premiership">Post-Premiership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Post-Premiership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_Summit_-_170626_180157.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_Summit_-_170626_180157.jpg/220px-WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_Summit_-_170626_180157.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_Summit_-_170626_180157.jpg/330px-WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_Summit_-_170626_180157.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_Summit_-_170626_180157.jpg/440px-WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_Summit_-_170626_180157.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4784" data-file-height="3189" /></a><figcaption>Zapatero in the WorldPride 2017 – Madrid Summit</figcaption></figure> <p>He left office on 20 December 2011<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and left the PSOE's Secretary General chair on 4 February 2012 to <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_P%C3%A9rez_Rubalcaba" title="Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba">Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 February 2012 he took up a role as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Council_of_State" title="Spanish Council of State">Council of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left the Council of State in 2015 in order to become the President of the Advisory Board of the Institute for Cultural Diplomacy,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Berlin-based organization trying to foster intercultural relations.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Backed by <a href="/wiki/UNASUR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNASUR">UNASUR</a>, Zapatero was promoted to a role as mediator in Venezuela in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a results of the conversations he took part in, the so-called "Acuerdo de Convivencia Democrática por Venezuela" (endorsed by Zapatero and <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Medina" title="Danilo Medina">Danilo Medina</a>) was proposed in February 2018 so it could be ratified by the parts in conflict. However, the document (tentatively trying to set a roadmap for legislative elections, respect for the rule of law, a plan to improve the economic situation and a reparatory truth commission) was accepted by the Venezuelan government but rejected by the opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unity_Roundtable" title="Democratic Unity Roundtable">Democratic Unity Roundtable</a> (MUD).<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Zapatero joined the inaugural meeting of the so-called Puebla Group in Buenos Aires, a conference of left-leaning political leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 August, Spanish civil servant union <a href="/wiki/Manos_Limpias" title="Manos Limpias">Manos Limpias</a> has filed a complaint with the ICC against former Spanish prime minister <a class="mw-selflink selflink">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a>, accusing him of being a "collaborator" with the Maduro administration.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zapatero's social-democratic project of <i>Nueva Vía</i> ("New Way") was based to a substantial degree on the republicanism of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Pettit" title="Philip Pettit">Philip Pettit</a> ("freedom as non-domination").<sup id="cite_ref-unam_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unam-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Branded domestically as <i>socialismo cívico</i>, his initial vision was underpinned by the extension of <a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">minority rights</a>, the strengthening of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>, a contrast between "<a href="/wiki/Constitutional_patriotism" title="Constitutional patriotism">constitutional patriotism</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>", the widening of spaces for deliberation and the defence of <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organizations</a> and multilateralism.<sup id="cite_ref-unam_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unam-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations">Decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Honorary Doctorat of the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Toulouse_I_Capitole" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Toulouse I Capitole">Université de Toulouse Capitole</a> 1 (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru" title="Order of the Sun of Peru">Order of the Sun of Peru</a> (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Christ_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Christ (Portugal)">Order of Christ</a> (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Liberator_General_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Order of the Liberator General San Martín">Order of the Liberator San Martín</a> (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Order of Isabella the Catholic">Order of Isabella the Catholic</a> (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Zapatero!" title="Viva Zapatero!">Viva Zapatero!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governments_of_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="Governments of Rodríguez Zapatero">Governments of Rodríguez Zapatero</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously served as Second Deputy Prime Minister.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously served as Third Deputy Prime Minister.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informational_notes">Informational notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Informational notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Diccionario_panhisp%C3%A1nico_de_dudas" title="Diccionario panhispánico de dudas">Diccionario panhispánico de dudas</a></i> explicitly states that <i>José Luis</i> is pronounced [joseluís], i.e. <span class="IPA-label">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[xoseˈlwis]</a></span>, as can be heard in the audio file.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his speech, he stated what can be considered his declaration of principles:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004245_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004245-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ol><li>To build a society that would accept all foreigners notwithstanding their color or cultural background.</li> <li>To give priority to education and to create good jobs for youngsters.</li> <li>To provide parents with more time to spend with their children and in taking care of their elders.</li> <li>To promote culture and its creators, making it possible for them to grab the spotlight from those aiming only at economic interests.</li> <li>To convert Spain into a country admired for helping those with more needs.</li> <li>To force the government to help those with initiative and enterprising qualities.</li> <li>To foster democracy, to lend distinction to politics and to promote values over temporary interests.</li></ol> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltGUIBusDPD?lema=acento#11b">"acento"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Diccionario_panhisp%C3%A1nico_de_dudas" title="Diccionario panhispánico de dudas">Diccionario panhispánico de dudas</a></i> (in European Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diccionario+panhisp%C3%A1nico+de+dudas&rft.atitle=acento&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuscon.rae.es%2FdpdI%2FSrvltGUIBusDPD%3Flema%3Dacento%2311b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/presidente/presidentes-desde-1823/Paginas/index.aspx">"La Moncloa. Relación cronológica de los presidentes del Consejo de Ministros y del Gobierno [Presidente/Presidentes desde 1823]"</a>. <i>www.lamoncloa.gob.es</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lamoncloa.gob.es&rft.atitle=La+Moncloa.+Relaci%C3%B3n+cronol%C3%B3gica+de+los+presidentes+del+Consejo+de+Ministros+y+del+Gobierno+%5BPresidente%2FPresidentes+desde+1823%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamoncloa.gob.es%2Fpresidente%2Fpresidentes-desde-1823%2FPaginas%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200430-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200430_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cidob-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cidob_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cidob_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/espana/jose_luis_rodriguez_zapatero">Center for International Relations and Development Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321104729/http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/espana/jose_luis_rodriguez_zapatero">Archived</a> 21 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(text in Spanish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Zapatero. Presidente a la Primera</i></span>. 1st ed. updated. (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">La Esfera de los Libros</i></span>, Spain, April 2004). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-193-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-9734-193-7">84-9734-193-7</a>. p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200458-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200458_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200431-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200431_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004294-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004294_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200451_fol-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200451_fol_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 51 fol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/10/15/espana/1255597824.html">"Zapatero, a un diario israelí: 'Antisemitismo había con Franco'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=Zapatero%2C+a+un+diario+israel%C3%AD%3A+%27Antisemitismo+hab%C3%ADa+con+Franco%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Felmundo%2F2009%2F10%2F15%2Fespana%2F1255597824.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/954/491.html">Original hebrew article</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agnostic-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agnostic_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/2008/06/29/domingo/1214711557_850215.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Miembras' abrió el debate. Y eso vale para luchar por la igualdad"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> (in Spanish). 29 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>Yo siempre me he declarado agnóstico (...) tengo una visión laica de la sociedad</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=%27Miembras%27+abri%C3%B3+el+debate.+Y+eso+vale+para+luchar+por+la+igualdad&rft.date=2008-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F2008%2F06%2F29%2Fdomingo%2F1214711557_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200471-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200471_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200498-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200498_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200482-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200482_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200429_fol-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200429_fol_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 29 fol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004111-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004111_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004111_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004110-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004110_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200439-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200439_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004130-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004130_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004141-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004141_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004150-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004150_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004169_fol-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004169_fol_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 169 fol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004101_fol-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004101_fol_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 101 fol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004188-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004188_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004100_&_192-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004100_&_192_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 100 & 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004196-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004196_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004203-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004203_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004200-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004200_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200440-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal200440_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004232-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004232_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004244-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004244_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004245-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004245_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004">Campillo Madrigal 2004</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampillo_Madrigal2004253-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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Spanish Foreign Policy under Zapatero"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>South European Society and Politics</i>. <b>14</b> (4): 519–536. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13608740903503886">10.1080/13608740903503886</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153664809">153664809</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-toulouse.fr/universite/actualites/doctorat-honoris-causa-2015-au-president-jose-luis-rodriguez-zapatero#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">the original</a> on 15 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wikiwix+Archive+-+Unknown+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-toulouse.fr%2Funiversite%2Factualites%2Fdoctorat-honoris-causa-2015-au-president-jose-luis-rodriguez-zapatero%23federation%3Darchive.wikiwix.com%26tab%3Durl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://cde.gestion2.e3.pe/doc/0/0/1/5/2/152563.pdf">"Condecorados: Orden El Sol del Perú"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>cde.gestion2.e3.pe</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cde.gestion2.e3.pe/doc/0/0/1/5/2/152563.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cde.gestion2.e3.pe&rft.atitle=Condecorados%3A+Orden+El+Sol+del+Per%C3%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcde.gestion2.e3.pe%2Fdoc%2F0%2F0%2F1%2F5%2F2%2F152563.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&list=1">"Estrangeiros com Ordens Portuguesas"</a>. <i>www.ordens.presidencia.pt</i>. Presidência da República Portuguesa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ordens.presidencia.pt&rft.atitle=Estrangeiros+com+Ordens+Portuguesas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordens.presidencia.pt%2F%3Fidc%3D154%26list%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saij.gob.ar/1716-nacional-condecoraciones-autoridades-reino-espaa-dn20090001716-2009-11-10/123456789-0abc-617-1000-9002soterced">"Decreto Nacional 1716/2009. Condecoraciones a autoridades del Reino de España"</a>. SAIJ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decreto+Nacional+1716%2F2009.+Condecoraciones+a+autoridades+del+Reino+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pub=SAIJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saij.gob.ar%2F1716-nacional-condecoraciones-autoridades-reino-espaa-dn20090001716-2009-11-10%2F123456789-0abc-617-1000-9002soterced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación</span>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2011/12/31/pdfs/BOE-A-2011-20862.pdf">"Real Decreto 2096/2011, de 30 de diciembre, por el que se concede el Collar de la Orden de Isabel la Católica a don José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Boletín Oficial del Estado</a></i> (315): 147487. 31 December 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0212-033X">0212-033X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.atitle=Real+Decreto+2096%2F2011%2C+de+30+de+diciembre%2C+por+el+que+se+concede+el+Collar+de+la+Orden+de+Isabel+la+Cat%C3%B3lica+a+don+Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero&rft.issue=315&rft.pages=147487&rft.date=2011-12-31&rft.issn=0212-033X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fboe%2Fdias%2F2011%2F12%2F31%2Fpdfs%2FBOE-A-2011-20862.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampillo_Madrigal2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Campillo Madrigal, Óscar (April 2004). <i>Zapatero. Presidente a la Primera</i> [<i>Zapatero. President at the first attempt</i>] (in Spanish) (1st ed. updated. ed.). Spain: La Esfera de los Libros. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-193-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-9734-193-7"><bdi>84-9734-193-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zapatero.+Presidente+a+la+Primera&rft.place=Spain&rft.edition=1st+ed.+updated.&rft.pub=La+Esfera+de+los+Libros&rft.date=2004-04&rft.isbn=84-9734-193-7&rft.aulast=Campillo+Madrigal&rft.aufirst=%C3%93scar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Luis+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Zapatero" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" class="extiw" title="q:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official">Official</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Official"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040401174817/http://www.psoe.es/ambito/actualidad/home.do">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1009905">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> (2004–2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?9265533">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1659170/">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/jose-luis-zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/z/jose_luis_rodriguez_zapatero/index.html">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Press">Press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.es/temas-personajes/Jose-Luis-Rodriguez-Zapatero.html">News and Videos <i>ABC.es</i></a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2764840">"The second transition, a survey of Spain"</a> <i>The Economist</i>, 24 June 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404204608/http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901040927-699350,00.html">Interview</a> <i>Time</i>, 19 September 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,13509-2280397,00.html">"Accidental Prime Minister"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i>The Times</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/espana/jose_luis_rodriguez_zapatero">Extended biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321104729/http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/espana/jose_luis_rodriguez_zapatero">Archived</a> 21 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by CIDOB Foundation <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thinkingheads.com/en/speaker/jose-luis-rodriguez-zapatero/">Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero Biography</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Secretary-General of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> </b><br />2000–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_P%C3%A9rez_Rubalcaba" title="Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba">Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Spain)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Spain)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />2000–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> </b><br />2004–2011 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EF1C27; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Template talk:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Socialist_Workers&#039;_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EF1C27; color:white;;width:1%;background:#F5767C; color:black;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Lamoneda" title="Ramón Lamoneda">Ramón Lamoneda</a> (1936–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Llopis" title="Rodolfo Llopis">Rodolfo Llopis</a> (1944–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> (1974–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a> (1997–2000)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> (2000–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_P%C3%A9rez_Rubalcaba" title="Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba">Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> (2014–2016; 2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Deputy Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Guerra" title="Alfonso Guerra">Alfonso Guerra</a> (1979–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Blanco_L%C3%B3pez" title="José Blanco López">José Blanco López</a> (2008–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Valenciano" title="Elena Valenciano">Elena Valenciano</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriana_Lastra" title="Adriana Lastra">Adriana Lastra</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Iglesias_Posse" title="Pablo Iglesias Posse">Pablo Iglesias</a> (1879–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Besteiro" title="Julián Besteiro">Julián Besteiro</a> (1925–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Largo_Caballero" title="Francisco Largo Caballero">Francisco Largo Caballero</a> (1931–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indalecio_Prieto" title="Indalecio Prieto">Indalecio Prieto</a> (1935–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trif%C3%B3n_G%C3%B3mez" title="Trifón Gómez">Trifón Gómez</a> (1948–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Tom%C3%A1s" title="Pascual Tomás">Pascual Tomás</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial">Ramón Rubial</a> (1967–1970; 1976–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chaves_(politician)" title="Manuel Chaves (politician)">Manuel Chaves</a> (2000–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Gri%C3%B1%C3%A1n" title="José Antonio Griñán">José Antonio Griñán</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaela_Navarro" title="Micaela Navarro">Micaela Navarro</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Javier_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(Spanish_politician)" title="Javier Fernández (Spanish politician)">Javier Fernández</a> (2017)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Narbona" title="Cristina Narbona">Cristina Narbona</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EF1C27; color:white;;width:1%;background:#F5767C; color:black;">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Regional wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Andalusia" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Aragon" title="Socialists' Party of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Socialist_Federation" title="Asturian Socialist Federation">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Basque_Country%E2%80%93Basque_Country_Left" title="Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Canaries" title="Socialist Party of the Canaries">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Cantabria" title="Socialist Party of Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Socialist Party of Castile and León">Castile and León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Catalonia" title="Socialists' Party of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Extremadura" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Galicia" title="Socialists' Party of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_La_Rioja" title="Socialist Party of La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of the Community of Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Region_of_Murcia" title="Socialist Party of the Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Navarre" title="Socialist Party of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Valencian_Country" title="Socialist Party of the Valencian Country">Valencian Community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Youth_of_Spain" title="Socialist Youth of Spain">Socialist Youth of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEAS_Foundation_for_progress" title="IDEAS Foundation for progress">IDEAS Foundation for progress</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Socialista_(newspaper)" title="El Socialista (newspaper)">El Socialista</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Left_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Left (Spain) (page does not exist)">Socialist Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Former affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Federation_of_the_PSOE" title="Catalan Federation of the PSOE">Catalan Federation of the PSOE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists_of_Catalonia" title="Socialists of Catalonia">Socialists of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Socialist Party (Spain)">People's Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Spain)" title="Democratic Action Party (Spain)">Democratic Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_New_Left" title="Democratic Party of the New Left">Democratic Party of the New Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EF1C27; color:white;;width:1%;background:#F5767C; color:black;">Congresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">1st (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">2nd (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">3rd (1892)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">4th (1894)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">5th (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">6th (1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">7th (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">8th (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">9th (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">10th (1915)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">11th (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1921_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1921 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">12th (1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">13th (1932)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">14th (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">15th (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">16th (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">17th (1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">18th (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=19th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="19th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">19th (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">20th (1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=21st_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="21st Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">21st (1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=22nd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="22nd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">22nd (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=23rd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="23rd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">23rd (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=24th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="24th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">24th (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=25th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="25th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">25th (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=26th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">26th (1974)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=27th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="27th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">27th (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=28th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="28th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">28th (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=29th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="29th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">29th (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=30th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">30th (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=31st_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="31st Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">31st (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="32nd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">32nd (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="33rd Federal Congress of the PSOE">33rd (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="34th Federal Congress of the PSOE">34th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="35th Federal Congress of the PSOE">35th (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="36th Federal Congress of the PSOE">36th (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="37th Federal Congress of the PSOE">37th (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="38th Federal Congress of the PSOE">38th (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="2014 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE">Ext. (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="39th Federal Congress of the PSOE">39th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="40th Federal Congress of the PSOE">40th (2021)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/41st_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="41st Federal Congress of the PSOE">41st (2024)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Template:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Acting prime ministers shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Queen Isabella II</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1833–1868)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_la_Rosa" title="Francisco Martínez de la Rosa">Martínez de la Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Queipo_de_Llano,_7th_Count_of_Toreno" title="José María Queipo de Llano, 7th Count of Toreno">Toreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ricardo_de_%C3%81lava" title="Miguel Ricardo de Álava">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_%C3%81lvarez_Mendiz%C3%A1bal" title="Juan Álvarez Mendizábal">Álvarez Mendizábal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Ist%C3%BAriz" title="Francisco Javier de Istúriz">Istúriz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Calatrava_y_Peinado" title="José María Calatrava y Peinado">Calatrava</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Bardaj%C3%AD_y_Azara" title="Eusebio Bardají y Azara">Bardají</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narciso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Heredia,_2nd_Count_of_Heredia-Sp%C3%ADnola" class="mw-redirect" title="Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola">Heredia-Spínola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Velasco,_14th_Duke_of_Fr%C3%ADas" title="Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías">Frías</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isidro_de_Alaix_F%C3%A1bregas" title="Isidro de Alaix Fábregas">Alaix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaristo_P%C3%A9rez_de_Castro" title="Evaristo Pérez de Castro">Pérez de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez,_1st_Marquess_of_Valdeterrazo" title="Antonio González, 1st Marquess of Valdeterrazo">A. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Ferraz_y_Barrau" title="Valentín Ferraz y Barrau">Ferraz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modesto_Cort%C3%A1zar_y_Leal_de_Ibarra" title="Modesto Cortázar y Leal de Ibarra">Cortázar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Sancho_y_Cobertores" title="Vicente Sancho y Cobertores">Sancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_Ferrer_y_Cafranga" title="Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez,_1st_Marquess_of_Valdeterrazo" title="Antonio González, 1st Marquess of Valdeterrazo">A. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ram%C3%B3n_Rodil,_1st_Marquess_of_Rodil" title="José Ramón Rodil, 1st Marquess of Rodil">Rodil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_y_L%C3%B3pez" title="Joaquín María López y López">J. M. López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_G%C3%B3mez_Becerra" title="Álvaro Gómez Becerra">Gómez Becerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salustiano_de_Ol%C3%B3zaga_y_Almandoz" title="Salustiano de Olózaga y Almandoz">Olózaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Bravo" title="Luis González Bravo">González Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Pando,_6th_Marquess_of_Miraflores" title="Manuel de Pando, 6th Marquess of Miraflores">Miraflores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Irujo,_2nd_Marquess_of_Casa_Irujo" title="Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 2nd Marquess of Casa Irujo">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Francisco_Pacheco_y_Guti%C3%A9rrez-Calder%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquín Francisco Pacheco y Gutiérrez-Calderón">Pacheco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Salamanca,_Marquis_of_Salamanca" title="José de Salamanca, Marquis of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florencio_Garc%C3%ADa_Goyena" title="Florencio García Goyena">García Goyena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraf%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Sotto,_3rd_Count_of_Clonard" title="Serafín María de Sotto, 3rd Count of Clonard">Clonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bravo_Murillo" title="Juan Bravo Murillo">Bravo Murillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_de_Roncali,_1st_Count_of_Alcoy" title="Federico de Roncali, 1st Count of Alcoy">Roncali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Lersundi_y_Hormaechea" title="Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea">Lersundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Jos%C3%A9_Sartorius,_1st_Count_of_San_Luis" title="Luis José Sartorius, 1st Count of San Luis">Sartorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdova,_2nd_Marquess_of_Mendigorr%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquess of Mendigorría">Mendigorría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Rivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Armero,_1st_Marquess_of_Nervi%C3%B3n" title="Francisco Armero, 1st Marquess of Nervión">Armero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Ist%C3%BAriz" title="Francisco Javier de Istúriz">Istúriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Arrazola_y_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Lorenzo Arrazola y García">Arrazola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mon_y_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Alejandro Mon y Menéndez">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Bravo" title="Luis González Bravo">González Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Guti%C3%A9rrez_de_la_Concha,_1st_Marquess_of_Havana" title="José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of Havana">Havana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Sexenio_Democr%C3%A1tico" title="Sexenio Democrático">Democratic Sexennium</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1868–1874)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Madoz" title="Pascual Madoz">Madoz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Prim" title="Juan Prim">Prim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Topete" title="Juan Bautista Topete">Topete</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ruiz_Zorrilla" title="Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla">Ruiz Zorrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Malcampo,_3rd_Marquess_of_San_Rafael" title="José Malcampo, 3rd Marquess of San Rafael">Malcampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Topete" title="Juan Bautista Topete">Topete</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdova,_2nd_Marquess_of_Mendigorr%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquess of Mendigorría">Mendigorría</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ruiz_Zorrilla" title="Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla">Ruiz Zorrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estanislao_Figueras" title="Estanislao Figueras">Figueras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Salmer%C3%B3n_y_Alonso" title="Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso">Salmerón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Castelar" title="Emilio Castelar">Castelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zavala" title="Juan de Zavala">Sierra Bullones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">The Restoration</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1874–1931)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Cánovas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Jovellar_y_Soler" title="Joaquín Jovellar y Soler">Jovellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Campos" title="Arsenio Martínez Campos">Martínez Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Posada_Herrera" title="José Posada Herrera">Posada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Azc%C3%A1rraga_Palmero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero">Azcárraga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Silvela" title="Francisco Silvela">Silvela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Villaverde" title="Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde">Fernández-Villaverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Maura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos" title="Eugenio Montero Ríos">Montero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segismundo_Moret" title="Segismundo Moret">Moret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="José López Domínguez">López Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Aguilar_y_Correa,_Marquis_of_Vega_de_Armijo" title="Antonio Aguilar y Correa, Marquis of Vega de Armijo">Vega de Armijo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Canalejas_y_M%C3%A9ndez" title="José Canalejas y Méndez">Canalejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Garc%C3%ADa_Prieto,_Marquis_of_Alhucemas" title="Manuel García Prieto, Marquis of Alhucemas">García Prieto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Figueroa,_1st_Count_of_Romanones" title="Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones">Romanones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Dato" title="Eduardo Dato">Dato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Maura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_S%C3%A1nchez_de_Toca" title="Joaquín Sánchez de Toca">Sánchez de Toca</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabino_Bugallal_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Gabino Bugallal Araújo">Bugallal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%A1nchez-Guerra_y_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez">Sánchez-Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera" title="Miguel Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_Berenguer" title="Dámaso Berenguer">Berenguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Aznar-Caba%C3%B1as" title="Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas">Aznar-Cabañas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1931–1939)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niceto_Alcal%C3%A1-Zamora" title="Niceto Alcalá-Zamora">Alcalá-Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Aza%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Azaña">Azaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Lerroux" title="Alejandro Lerroux">Lerroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Mart%C3%ADnez_Barrio" title="Diego Martínez Barrio">Martínez Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Samper" title="Ricardo Samper">Samper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chapaprieta" title="Joaquín Chapaprieta">Chapaprieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Portela_Valladares" title="Manuel Portela Valladares">Portela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Barc%C3%ADa_Trelles" title="Augusto Barcía Trelles">Barcía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Casares_Quiroga" title="Santiago Casares Quiroga">Casares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Mart%C3%ADnez_Barrio" title="Diego Martínez Barrio">Martínez Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Giral" title="José Giral">Giral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Largo_Caballero" title="Francisco Largo Caballero">Largo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Negr%C3%ADn" title="Juan Negrín">Negrín</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain under Franco</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1936–1975)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Carrero_Blanco" title="Luis Carrero Blanco">Carrero Blanco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torcuato_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Miranda" title="Torcuato Fernández-Miranda">Fernández-Miranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Arias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Spain (1975–present)">Since 1975</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Arias</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Santiago" title="Fernando de Santiago">Santiago</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Calvo-Sotelo" title="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo">Calvo-Sotelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">F. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">Aznar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zapatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Rajoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fraga" title="Manuel Fraga">Fraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Herrero_y_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Mi%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón">Herrero de Miñón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Mancha" title="Antonio Hernández Mancha">Hernández Mancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">Aznar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Almunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Borrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Almunia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zapatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Rajoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_P%C3%A9rez_Rubalcaba" title="Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba">Rubalcaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Casado" title="Pablo Casado">Casado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Feij%C3%B3o" title="Alberto Núñez Feijóo">Feijóo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41395#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123211909">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/85479360">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/472074/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdmm7trRtRWMdkfytQpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124110932">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2001156612">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15540187q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15540187q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rodríguez Zapatero, José Luis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV017465">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0029196&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1578250">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1668967">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p328670189">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810561006705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007330153905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517650906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13972390">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd124110932.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/077467027">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=José_Luis_Rodríguez_Zapatero&oldid=1259510985">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=José_Luis_Rodríguez_Zapatero&oldid=1259510985</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960_births" title="Category:1960 births">1960 births</a></li><li><a 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