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Werkzeugleiste mit Verweisen zu Schwesterprojekten wie Wikimedia Commons rechts neben dem Link zur Versionsgeschichte. \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Hilfe:Skin/Vector_2022\" title=\"Hilfe:Skin/Vector 2022\"\u003EWeitere Informationen\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Website"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Anfang)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Gewinnung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gewinnung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gewinnung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gewinnung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wortherkunft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wortherkunft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wortherkunft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wortherkunft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwendung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwendung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwendung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwendung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weblinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weblinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Weblinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weblinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Einzelnachweise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Einzelnachweise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Einzelnachweise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Einzelnachweise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhaltsverzeichnis" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Balsame</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 23 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85_(%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="بلسم (عصارة) – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلسم (عصارة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96)" title="Бальзам (лекі) – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бальзам (лекі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Балсам – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Балсам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0lsam" title="Bàlsam – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bàlsam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzamo" title="Balzamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balzamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1lsamo" title="Bálsamo – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bálsamo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsami" title="Balsami – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balsami" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzam" title="Balzam – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Balzam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzsamolaj" title="Balzsamolaj – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Balzsamolaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A0" title="バルサム – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルサム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бальзам – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бальзам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzamas" title="Balzamas – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balzamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsama" title="Balsama – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Balsama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsem" title="Balsem – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balsem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бальзам – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бальзам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balsam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Бальзами – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бальзами" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzam" title="Balzam – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Balzam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%84%82" title="香脂 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="香脂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1776037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namensräume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Balsame" title="Seiteninhalt anzeigen [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Balsame" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion zum Seiteninhalt [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sprachvariante ändern" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Deutsch</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ansichten"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Balsame"><span>Lesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&veaction=edit" title="Diese Seite mit dem VisualEditor bearbeiten [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=edit" title="Den Quelltext dieser Seite bearbeiten [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=history" title="Frühere Versionen dieser Seite [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Versionsgeschichte</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Werkzeuge" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Werkzeuge</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Werkzeuge</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Weitere Optionen" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aktionen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Balsame"><span>Lesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&veaction=edit" title="Diese Seite mit dem VisualEditor bearbeiten [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=edit" title="Den Quelltext dieser Seite bearbeiten [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=history"><span>Versionsgeschichte</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allgemein </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linkliste/Balsame" title="Liste aller Seiten, die hierher verlinken [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links auf diese Seite</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderungen_an_verlinkten_Seiten/Balsame" rel="nofollow" title="Letzte Änderungen an Seiten, die von hier verlinkt sind [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Änderungen an verlinkten Seiten</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&oldid=251633758" title="Dauerhafter Link zu dieser Seitenversion"><span>Permanenter Link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=info" title="Weitere Informationen über diese Seite"><span>Seiteninformationen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilfe&page=Balsame&id=251633758&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hinweise, wie diese Seite zitiert werden kann"><span>Artikel zitieren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBalsame"><span>Kurzlink</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBalsame"><span>QR-Code herunterladen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drucken/exportieren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Balsame&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In anderen Projekten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Balsam" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Balsam" hreflang="de"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1776037" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav 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padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/38px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/50px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340" /></span></span></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div role="navigation"> <i>Balsam</i> ist eine Weiterleitung auf diesen Artikel. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter <a href="/wiki/Balsam_(Begriffskl%C3%A4rung)" class="mw-disambig" title="Balsam (Begriffsklärung)">Balsam (Begriffsklärung)</a> aufgeführt.</div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg/220px-Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg/330px-Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg/440px-Myroxylon_peruiferum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Balsambaum (<i>Myroxylon peruiferum</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Balsam</b> oder <b>Balsamharz</b> ist ein pflanzliches <a href="/wiki/Sekret" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekret">Sekret</a> aus den Interzellulärgängen der <a href="/wiki/Balsambaumgew%C3%A4chse" title="Balsambaumgewächse">Balsambaumgewächse</a> und anderer Balsampflanzen, z. B. aus der Gattung der <a href="/wiki/Balsamb%C3%A4ume" title="Balsambäume">Balsambäume</a>. Balsame sind mehr oder weniger fettlösliche, halb- bis dickflüssige, sirupartige Gemische aus <a href="/wiki/Harz_(Material)" title="Harz (Material)">Harzen</a> und <a href="/wiki/%C3%84therisches_%C3%96l" class="mw-redirect" title="Ätherisches Öl">ätherischen Ölen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunnius_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunnius-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balsame zeichnen sich durch einen charakteristischen Geruch aus, der durch die Kombination von <a href="/wiki/Benzoes%C3%A4ure" title="Benzoesäure">Benzoesäure</a>- und <a href="/wiki/Zimts%C3%A4ure" title="Zimtsäure">Zimtsäure</a><a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">estern</a> mit etwas <a href="/wiki/Vanillin" title="Vanillin">Vanillin</a> entsteht.<sup id="cite_ref-Römpp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Römpp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typische Balsame sind <a href="/wiki/Perubalsam" title="Perubalsam">Perubalsam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolubalsam" title="Tolubalsam">Tolubalsam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanadabalsam" title="Kanadabalsam">Kanadabalsam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kopaivabalsam" title="Kopaivabalsam">Copaivabalsam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurjunbalsam" title="Gurjunbalsam">Gurjunbalsam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzoe" title="Benzoe">Benzoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elemi" title="Elemi">Elemi</a> und <a href="/wiki/Myrrhe" title="Myrrhe">Myrrhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weihrauch" title="Weihrauch">Weihrauch</a> sowie <a href="/wiki/Styrax_(R%C3%A4ucherwerk)" title="Styrax (Räucherwerk)">Styrax</a>, ferner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabureibabalsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabureibabalsam (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Cabureibabalsam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cativobalsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cativobalsam (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Cativobalsam</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung">Gewinnung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Gewinnung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gewinnung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balsame werden, soweit sie nicht von selbst ausfließen, durch Einschnitte oder Auskochen der betreffenden Pflanzenteile gewonnen. Während der Lagerung können die ätherischen Öle verdunsten, so dass die Balsame in ihrer Konsistenz oft beinahe glasartig werden.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunnius_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunnius-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wortherkunft">Wortherkunft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Wortherkunft" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Wortherkunft"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Das deutsche Wort Balsam stammt wahrscheinlich von <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Latein" title="Latein">lateinisch</a></span> <span lang="la-Latn" style="font-style:italic"><i>balsamum</i></span> („Balsambaum, Harz des Balsambaumes, Balsamharz von Commiphora<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-Arten wie <a href="/wiki/Myrrhe" title="Myrrhe">Commiphora abyssinica</a>“), welches wiederum auf <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Neugriechische_Sprache" title="Neugriechische Sprache">griechisch</a></span> <span lang="el-Grek" class="Grek" style="font-style:normal">βάλσαμον</span> <i>balsamon</i> zurückgeht. Der frühest greifbare Stamm des Wortes findet sich im <a href="/wiki/Althebr%C3%A4isch" class="mw-redirect" title="Althebräisch">Althebräischen</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r238817682">.mw-parser-output .Hebr{font-size:115%}</style><bdi dir="rtl" lang="he-Hebr" class="Hebr hebrew" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-style:normal">בשם</bdi></bdo> <i>bōśæm</i> bezeichnet nicht nur den <a href="/wiki/Balsambaumgew%C3%A4chse" title="Balsambaumgewächse">Balsambaum</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commiphora_gileadensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commiphora gileadensis (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Commiphora gileadensis</a></i>, synonym auch <i>Amyris opobalsamum</i> und <i>Balsamum Gileadense</i>, Familie: <a href="/wiki/Burseraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a>) und sein <a href="/wiki/Harz_(Pflanze)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harz (Pflanze)">Harz</a> (etwa als <i>Balsamum Judaicum</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sondern bedeutet auch allgemein „Gewürz“ und (wie auch im <a href="/wiki/Ivrit" title="Ivrit">Neuhebräischen</a>) „Wohlgeruch, Parfum“. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Redewendung" title="Redewendung">Redewendung</a> „Balsam für die Seele“ ist ein bekanntes sprachliches Bild für etwas, das Entspannung bringt. Damit hängt der heute häufig für <a href="/wiki/Kosmetik" title="Kosmetik">Kosmetik</a>- und <a href="/wiki/Hautpflege" title="Hautpflege">Hautpflegeprodukte</a> verwendete Begriff „Balsam“ zusammen. (Beispiel: „After-Shave-Balsame“, enthalten wenig oder keinen Alkohol.)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verwendung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die kulturelle Nutzung von Balsam ist seit dem <a href="/wiki/Altertum" title="Altertum">Altertum</a> belegt. So wurde er u. a. zur <a href="/wiki/Einbalsamierung" title="Einbalsamierung">Einbalsamierung</a> von Toten, für medizinische Zwecke sowie zur Herstellung von Salben zur <a href="/wiki/Parf%C3%BCmierung" class="mw-redirect" title="Parfümierung">Parfümierung</a> verwendet. Im jüdischen <a href="/wiki/Kult" title="Kult">Kult</a> war er außerdem ein Bestandteil des sakralen Räucherwerks.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seit dem Spätmittelalter stellte Balsam, der im Vergleich zu Ölen besser an Wunden hafte und leichter abzuwaschen sei sowie (gemäß <a href="/wiki/Pedanios_Dioskurides" title="Pedanios Dioskurides">Dioskurides</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) sich beim Lösen in Wasser dieses weiß färbe,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> auch die Grundlage für pharmazeutische, zum Teil durch Destillation hergestellte „Wunderdrogen“<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wie den <i>Magdalenenbalsam</i> (bzw. die Knochenmarkfette unterschiedlicher Tiere und Schneckenschleim<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enthaltende <i><a href="/wiki/Maria_Magdalena" title="Maria Magdalena">Maria-Magdalenen</a>-Salbe</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder den <i><a href="/wiki/Wzg%C3%B3rze_Marii_(Wojciechowice)#Jerusalemer_Balsam" title="Wzgórze Marii (Wojciechowice)">Jerusalemer Balsam</a></i> dar. Ein Haupthandelsplatz für <i>Balsamum</i> war Mekka, weshalb der echte Balsam (auch <i>Balsamus verus</i> genannt) auch als <i>Balsamum de Mecca</i> bezeichnet wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Balsam" class="extiw" title="wikt:Balsam">Wiktionary: Balsam</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balsame&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hunnius-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hunnius_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hunnius_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermann Ammon (Hrsg.): <i><a href="/wiki/Hunnius_Pharmazeutisches_W%C3%B6rterbuch" title="Hunnius Pharmazeutisches Wörterbuch">Hunnius Pharmazeutisches Wörterbuch</a>.</i> 8. Auflage. De Gruyter, Berlin 2004, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3110157926" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-11-015792-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Römpp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Römpp_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <i>Balsame</i>. In: <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6mpp_Lexikon_Chemie#Römpp_Online" title="Römpp Lexikon Chemie">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 22. Dezember 2014.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Harz-Träger" (aus dem Griechischen), gehören zur Familie der <a href="/wiki/Balsambaumgew%C3%A4chse" title="Balsambaumgewächse">Balsambaumgewächse</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vgl. auch Wouter S. van den Berg (Hrsg.): <i>Eene Middelnederlandsche vertaling van het Antidotarium Nicolaï (Ms. 15624–15641, Kon. Bibl. te Brussel) met den latijnschen tekst der eerste gedrukte uitgave van het Antidotarium Nicolaï.</i> Hrsg. von Sophie J. van den Berg, <a href="/wiki/Brill_(Verlag)" title="Brill (Verlag)">N. V. Boekhandel en Drukkerij E. J. Brill</a>, Leiden 1917, S. 204 f. (<i>Balsamum</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://after-shave-balsam.de/was-ist-ein-balsam/"><i>Was ist ein Balsam? | Simple & einfache Erklärung.</i></a> In: <i>After-Shave-Balsam.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 21. Mai 2019</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ABalsame&rft.title=Was+ist+ein+Balsam%3F+%7C+Simple+%26+einfache+Erkl%C3%A4rung&rft.description=Was+ist+ein+Balsam%3F+%7C+Simple+%26+einfache+Erkl%C3%A4rung&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fafter-shave-balsam.de%2Fwas-ist-ein-balsam%2F"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(Bibel)" title="Exodus (Bibel)">Exodus</a> 25,6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des Pedanios Dioskurides aus Anazarbos Arzneimittellehre in fünf Büchern.</i> Übersetzt und mit Erklärungen versehen von <a href="/wiki/Julius_Berendes_(Apotheker)" title="Julius Berendes (Apotheker)">Julius Berendes</a>. Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1902, S. 45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Be%C3%9Fler" title="Otto Beßler">Otto Beßler</a>: <i>Prinzipien der Drogenkunde im Mittelalter. Aussage und Inhalt des Circa instans und Mainzer Gart.</i> Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Habilitationsschrift, Halle an der Saale 1959, S. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gundolf_Keil" title="Gundolf Keil">Gundolf Keil</a>: <i>Wunderdrogentraktat.</i> In: <a href="/wiki/Werner_E._Gerabek" title="Werner E. Gerabek">Werner E. Gerabek</a>, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (Hrsg.): <i>Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte.</i> De Gruyter, Berlin/New York 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3110157144" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-11-015714-4</a>, S. 1504. Vgl. auch: Francis B. Brévart: <i>Between medicine, magic, and religion: Wonder drugs in German medico-pharmaceutical treatises of the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries.</i> In: <i>Speculum.</i> Band 83, 2008, S. 1–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthias Kreienkamp: <i>Das St. Georgener Rezeptar. Ein alemannisches Arzneibuch des 14. Jahrhunderts aus dem Karlsruher Kodex St. Georgen 73</i>, Teil II: Kommentar (A) und textkritischer Vergleich, Medizinische Dissertation Würzburg 1992, S. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Sudhoff" title="Karl Sudhoff">Karl Sudhoff</a>: <i>Die heilsamen Eigenschaften des Magdalenenbalsams.</i> In: <i>Sudhoffs Archiv.</i> Band 1, 1908, S. 388–390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Wegner: <i>‚Magdalenenbalsam‘.</i> In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Hrsg.): <i>Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte.</i> 2005, S. 878 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Otto Zekert (Hrsg.): <i>Dispensatorium pro pharmacopoeis Viennensibus in Austria 1570.</i> Hrsg. vom österreichischen Apothekerverein und der Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie. 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