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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Official code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_and_Internet_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_and_Internet_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Digital and Internet versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_and_Internet_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotated_codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotated_codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Annotated codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotated_codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Proposed titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_repealed_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_repealed_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Treatment of repealed laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_repealed_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Number_and_growth_of_federal_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_and_growth_of_federal_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Number and growth of federal crimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_and_growth_of_federal_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_codifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_codifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related codifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_codifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="مدونة قانون الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدونة قانون الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Code" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Código de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Código de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کد ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کد ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Code des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Code des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%B2%95%EC%A0%84" title="미국 법전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 법전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="United States Code" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanun_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Kanun Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanun Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Code" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="合衆国法典 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="合衆国法典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="United States Code" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodeks_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Kodeks Stanów Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kodeks Stanów Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Código dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Código dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Кодекс США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кодекс США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Code" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Кодекс Сполучених Штатів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кодекс Сполучених Штатів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_lu%E1%BA%ADt_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Bộ luật Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ luật Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="美国法典 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国法典" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1196092#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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searchaux" style="display:none">Official compilation of U.S. federal statutes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The USC is not to be confused with the CFR, the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a>, which represents regulatory law, not statutory law.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"U.S.C." redirects here. For other uses of this acronym, see <a href="/wiki/USC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="USC (disambiguation)">USC (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Code of Laws of the United States of America <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Code+of+Laws+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pub=%5B%5BUnited+States+Government+Publishing+Office%7CGovernment+Publishing+Office%5D%5D&rft_id=info:oclcnum/2368380"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Seal of the U.S."><img alt="Great Seal of the U.S." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/225px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/300px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Obverse of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Great Seal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Office of the Law Revision Counsel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2368380">2368380</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_States_Code" class="extiw" title="s:United States Code">Code of Laws of the United States of America</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Code</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png/100px-Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Great_Seal_of_the_US_obverse_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1980" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Code</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_1_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 1 of the United States Code">Title 1</a> - General Provisions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_2_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 2 of the United States Code">Title 2</a> - The Congress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_3_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 3 of the United States Code">Title 3</a> - The President</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_4_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 4 of the United States Code">Title 4</a> - Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">Title 5</a> - Government Organization and Employees</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_6_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 6 of the United States Code">Title 6</a> - Domestic Security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_7_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 7 of the United States Code">Title 7</a> - Agriculture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">Title 8</a> - Aliens and Nationality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_9_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 9 of the United States Code">Title 9</a> - Arbitration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10</a> - Armed Forces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_11_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 11 of the United States Code">Title 11</a> - Bankruptcy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 12 of the United States Code">Title 12</a> - Banks and Banking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_13_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 13 of the United States Code">Title 13</a> - Census</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">Title 14</a> - Coast Guard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">Title 15</a> - Commerce and Trade</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_16_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 16 of the United States Code">Title 16</a> - Conservation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">Title 17</a> - Copyrights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">Title 18</a> - Crimes and Criminal Procedure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_19_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 19 of the United States Code">Title 19</a> - Customs Duties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_20_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 20 of the United States Code">Title 20</a> - Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_21_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 21 of the United States Code">Title 21</a> - Food and Drugs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_22_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 22 of the United States Code">Title 22</a> - Foreign Relations and Intercourse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_23_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 23 of the United States Code">Title 23</a> - Highways</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_24_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 24 of the United States Code">Title 24</a> - Hospitals and Asylums</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_25_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 25 of the United States Code">Title 25</a> - Indians</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_26_of_the_United_States_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Title 26 of the United States Code">Title 26</a> - Internal Revenue Code</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_27_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 27 of the United States Code">Title 27</a> - Intoxicating Liquors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">Title 28</a> - Judiciary and Judicial Procedure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_29_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 29 of the United States Code">Title 29</a> - Labor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_30_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 30 of the United States Code">Title 30</a> - Mineral Lands and Mining</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">Title 31</a> - Money and Finance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">Title 32</a> - National Guard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_33_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 33 of the United States Code">Title 33</a> - Navigation and Navigable Waters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_34_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 34 of the United States Code">Title 34</a> - Crime Control and Law Enforcement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_35_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 35 of the United States Code">Title 35</a> - Patents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36</a> - Patriotic Societies and Observances</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_37_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 37 of the United States Code">Title 37</a> - Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_38_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 38 of the United States Code">Title 38</a> - Veterans' Benefits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_39_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 39 of the United States Code">Title 39</a> - Postal Service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_40_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 40 of the United States Code">Title 40</a> - Public Buildings, Properties, and Works</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_41_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 41 of the United States Code">Title 41</a> - Public Contracts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">Title 42</a> - The Public Health and Welfare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_43_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 43 of the United States Code">Title 43</a> - Public Lands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_44_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 44 of the United States Code">Title 44</a> - Public Printing and Documents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_45_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 45 of the United States Code">Title 45</a> - Railroads</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_46_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 46 of the United States Code">Title 46</a> - Shipping</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_47_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 47 of the United States Code">Title 47</a> - Telecommunications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_48_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 48 of the United States Code">Title 48</a> - Territories and Insular Possessions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_49_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 49 of the United States Code">Title 49</a> - Transportation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">Title 50</a> - War and National Defense</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_51_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 51 of the United States Code">Title 51</a> - National and Commercial Space Programs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_52_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 52 of the United States Code">Title 52</a> - Voting and Elections</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_53_of_the_United_States_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Title 53 of the United States Code">Title 53</a> - [Reserved]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_54_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 54 of the United States Code">Title 54</a> - National Park Service and Related Programs</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Code_sidebar" title="Template:United States Code sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Code_sidebar" title="Template talk:United States Code sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Code_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Code sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Code_2012_Official_Edition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/United_States_Code_2012_Official_Edition.jpg/220px-United_States_Code_2012_Official_Edition.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/United_States_Code_2012_Official_Edition.jpg/330px-United_States_Code_2012_Official_Edition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/United_States_Code_2012_Official_Edition.jpg/440px-United_States_Code_2012_Official_Edition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3069" /></a><figcaption>A few volumes of the official 2012 edition of the United States Code</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>United States Code</b> (formally the <b>Code of Laws of the United States of America</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the official <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codification</a> of the general and permanent <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States#Federal_law" title="Law of the United States">federal statutes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains 53 titles, which are organized into numbered sections.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. Code is published by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>' <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Office of the Law Revision Counsel</a>. New editions are published every six years, with cumulative supplements issued each year.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gpo.gov_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpo.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official version of these laws appears in the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">United States Statutes at Large</a></i>, a chronological, uncodified compilation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Codification">Codification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Codification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Process">Process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official text of an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a> is that of the "enrolled bill" (traditionally printed on <a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a>) presented to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> for his signature or <a href="/wiki/Veto_power_in_the_United_States" title="Veto power in the United States">disapproval</a>. Upon enactment of a law, the original bill is delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Federal_Register" title="Office of the Federal Register">Office of the Federal Register</a> (OFR) within the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a> (NARA).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After authorization from the OFR,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> copies are distributed as "<a href="/wiki/Slip_law" title="Slip law">slip laws</a>" (as unbound, individually <a href="/wiki/Pagination" title="Pagination">paginated</a> <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlets</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a> (GPO).<sup id="cite_ref-Bast_Page_138_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bast_Page_138-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The OFR assembles annual volumes of the enacted laws and publishes them as the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">United States Statutes at Large</a>.</i> By law, the text of the <i>Statutes at Large</i> is "legal evidence" of the laws enacted by Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slip laws are also competent evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Statutes at Large</i>, however, is not a convenient tool for legal research. It is arranged strictly in chronological order; statutes addressing related topics may be scattered across many volumes, and are not consolidated with later amendments.<sup id="cite_ref-Bast_Page_139_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bast_Page_139-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statutes often repeal or amend earlier laws, and extensive <a href="/wiki/Cross-reference" title="Cross-reference">cross-referencing</a> is required to determine what laws are in force at any given time.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States Code is the result of an effort to make finding relevant and effective statutes simpler by reorganizing them by subject matter, and eliminating expired and amended sections. The Code is maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Office of the Law Revision Counsel</a> (LRC) of the U.S. House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LRC determines which statutes in the United States Statutes at Large should be codified, and which existing statutes are affected by amendments or repeals, or have simply expired by their own terms. The LRC updates the Code accordingly. </p><p>Because of this codification approach, a single named statute (like the <a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act" title="Taft–Hartley Act">Taft–Hartley Act</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Embargo_Act_of_1807" title="Embargo Act of 1807">Embargo Act</a>) may or may not appear in a single place in the Code. Often, complex legislation bundles a series of provisions together as a means of addressing a social or governmental problem; those provisions often fall in different logical areas of the Code. For example, an Act providing relief for family farms might affect items in Title 7 (Agriculture), Title 26 (Tax), and Title 43 (<a href="/wiki/Public_land" title="Public land">Public Lands</a>). When the Act is codified, its various provisions might well be placed in different parts of those various Titles. Traces of this process are generally found in the Notes accompanying the "lead section" associated with the popular name, and in cross-reference tables that identify Code sections corresponding to particular Acts of Congress. </p><p>Usually, the individual sections of a statute are incorporated into the Code exactly as enacted; however, sometimes editorial changes are made by the LRC (for instance, the phrase "the date of enactment of this Act" is replaced by the actual date). Though authorized by statute, these changes do not constitute <a href="/wiki/Positive_law" title="Positive law">positive law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-house1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The authority for the material in the United States Code comes from its enactment through the legislative process and not from its presentation in the Code. For example, the United States Code omitted <a href="/wiki/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 12 of the United States Code">12 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/92">§ 92</a> for decades, apparently because it was thought to have been repealed. In its 1993 ruling in <i>U.S. National Bank of Oregon v. Independent Insurance Agents of America</i>, the Supreme Court ruled that § 92 was still valid law.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A positive law title is a title that is itself a federal statute, that is to say that it is one that has been <a href="/wiki/Enactment_of_a_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Enactment of a bill">enacted</a> and <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codified</a> into law by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>. The title itself has been enacted. By contrast, a non-positive law title is a title that has not been codified into federal law, and is instead merely an editorial compilation of individually enacted federal statutes. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By law, those titles of the United States Code that have not been enacted into positive law are "<i><a href="/wiki/Prima_facie" title="Prima facie">prima facie</a></i> evidence"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the law in effect. The <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">United States Statutes at Large</a></i> remains the ultimate authority. If a dispute arises as to the accuracy or completeness of the codification of an unenacted title, the courts will turn to the language in the United States Statutes at Large. In case of a conflict between the text of the Statutes at Large and the text of a provision of the United States Code that has not been enacted as positive law, the text of the Statutes at Large takes precedence. </p><p>In contrast, if Congress enacts a particular title (or other component) of the Code into positive law, the enactment repeals all of the previous Acts of Congress from which that title of the Code derives; in their place, Congress gives the title of the Code itself the force of law. This process makes that title of the United States Code "legal evidence"<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the law in force. Where a title has been enacted into positive law, a court may neither permit nor require proof of the underlying original Acts of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distinction between enacted and unenacted titles is largely academic because the Code is nearly always accurate. The United States Code is routinely cited by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> and other federal courts without mentioning this theoretical caveat. On a day-to-day basis, very few lawyers cross-reference the Code to the <i>Statutes at Large</i>. Attempting to capitalize on the possibility that the text of the United States Code can differ from the <i>United States Statutes at Large</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bancroft-Whitney" class="mw-redirect" title="Bancroft-Whitney">Bancroft-Whitney</a> for many years published a series of volumes known as United States Code Service (USCS), which used the actual text of the <i>United States Statutes at Large</i>; the series is now published by the <a href="/wiki/Michie_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Michie Company">Michie Company</a> after Bancroft-Whitney parent <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Corporation" title="Thomson Corporation">Thomson Corporation</a> divested the title as a condition of acquiring <a href="/wiki/West_(publisher)" title="West (publisher)">West</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uncodified_statutes">Uncodified statutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uncodified statutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only "general and permanent" laws are codified in the United States Code; the Code does not usually include provisions that apply only to a limited number of people (a <a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">private law</a>) or for a limited time, such as most <a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(law)" title="Appropriation (law)">appropriation</a> acts or <a href="/wiki/Budget" title="Budget">budget</a> laws, which apply only for a single <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a>. If these limited provisions are significant, however, they may be printed as "notes" underneath related sections of the Code. The codification is based on the content of the laws, however, not the vehicle by which they are adopted; so, for instance, if an appropriations act contains substantive, permanent provisions (as is sometimes the case), these provisions will be incorporated into the Code even though they were adopted as part of a non-permanent enactment.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions_and_history">Versions and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Versions and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_compilations">Early compilations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early compilations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early efforts at codifying the Acts of Congress were undertaken by private publishers; these were useful shortcuts for research purposes, but had no official status. Congress undertook an official codification called the <i><a href="/wiki/Revised_Statutes_of_the_United_States" title="Revised Statutes of the United States">Revised Statutes of the United States</a></i> approved June 22, 1874, for the laws in effect as of December 1, 1873. Congress re-enacted a corrected version in 1878. The 1874 version of the Revised Statutes were enacted as positive law, but the 1878 version was not and subsequent enactments of Congress were not incorporated into the official code, so that over time researchers once again had to delve through many volumes of the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Statutes at Large</a></i>. </p><p>According to the preface to the Code, "From 1897 to 1907 a commission was engaged in an effort to codify the great mass of accumulating legislation. The work of the commission involved an expenditure of over $300,000, but was never carried to completion." Only the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criminal_Code_of_1909&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criminal Code of 1909 (page does not exist)">Criminal Code of 1909</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Code_of_1911" title="Judicial Code of 1911">Judicial Code of 1911</a> were enacted. In the absence of a comprehensive official code, private publishers once again collected the more recent statutes into unofficial codes. The first edition of the <i>United States Code</i> (published as Statutes at Large Volume 44, Part 1) includes cross-reference tables between the USC and two of these unofficial codes, <i>United States Compiled Statutes Annotated</i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomson_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson West">West Publishing Co.</a> and <i>Federal Statutes Annotated</i> by Edward Thompson Co. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_code">Official code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Official code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1920s, some members of Congress revived the codification project, resulting in the approval of the United States Code by Congress in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official version of the Code is published by the LRC (<a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Office of the Law Revision Counsel</a>) as a series of paper volumes. The first edition of the Code was contained in a single bound volume; today, it spans several large volumes. Normally, a new edition of the Code is issued every six years, with annual cumulative supplements identifying the changes made by Congress since the last "main edition" was published.<sup id="cite_ref-gpo.gov_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpo.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official code was last printed in 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_and_Internet_versions">Digital and Internet versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Digital and Internet versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">LRC</a> and the GPO offer electronic versions of the Code to the public. The LRC electronic version used to be as much as 18 months behind current legislation, but as of 2014 it is one of the most current versions available online. The United States Code is available from the LRC at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscode.house.gov/">uscode.house.gov</a> in both HTML and XML bulk formats.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "United States Legislative Markup" (USLM) schema of the XML was designed to be consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Akoma_Ntoso" title="Akoma Ntoso">Akoma Ntoso</a> project (from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>) XML schema,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/LegalDocML" class="mw-redirect" title="LegalDocML">OASIS <i>LegalDocML</i></a> technical committee standard will be based upon Akoma Ntoso.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of other online versions are freely available, such as <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Legal_Information_Institute" title="Legal Information Institute">Legal Information Institute</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annotated_codes">Annotated codes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Annotated codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Practicing lawyers who can afford them almost always use an annotated version of the Code from a private company. The two leading annotated versions are the <i>United States Code Annotated</i>, abbreviated as USCA, and the <i>United States Code Service</i>, abbreviated as USCS.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_152_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_152-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The USCA is published by <a href="/wiki/West_(publisher)" title="West (publisher)">West</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>), and USCS is published by <a href="/wiki/LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Reed_Elsevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Elsevier">Reed Elsevier</a>), which purchased the publication from the <a href="/wiki/Lawyers_Co-operative_Publishing_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Co.">Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Co.</a> in 1997 as a result of an antitrust settlement when the parent of Lawyers Co-operative Publishing acquired West.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These annotated versions contain notes following each section of the law, which organize and summarize court decisions, law review articles, and other authorities that pertain to the code section, and may also include uncodified provisions that are part of the Public Laws.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_152_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_152-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The publishers of these versions frequently issue supplements (in hard copy format as <a href="/wiki/Pocket_part" title="Pocket part">pocket parts</a>) that contain newly enacted laws, which may not yet have appeared in an official published version of the Code, as well as updated secondary materials such as new court decisions on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_152_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_152-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When an attorney is viewing an annotated code on an online service, such as <a href="/wiki/Westlaw" title="Westlaw">Westlaw</a> or LexisNexis, all the citations in the annotations are <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinked</a> to the referenced court opinions and other documents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions">Divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Code is divided into 53 titles (listed below), which deal with broad, logically organized areas of legislation. Titles may optionally be divided into subtitles, parts, subparts, chapters, and subchapters. All titles have sections (represented by a <a href="/wiki/%C2%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="§">§</a>) as their basic coherent units, and sections are numbered sequentially across the entire title without regard to the previously-mentioned divisions of titles. Sections are often divided into (from largest to smallest) subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, clauses, subclauses, items, and subitems.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-house_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress, by convention, names a particular subdivision of a section according to its largest element. For example, "subsection (c)(3)(B)(iv)" is not a subsection but a clause, namely clause (iv) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of subsection (c); if the identity of the subsection and paragraph were clear from the context, one would refer to the clause as "subparagraph (B)(iv)".<sup id="cite_ref-irs_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irs-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not all titles use the same series of subdivisions above the section level, and they may arrange them in different order. For example, in Title 26 (the tax code), the order of subdivision runs: Title – Subtitle – Chapter – Subchapter – Part – Subpart – Section – Subsection – Paragraph – Subparagraph – Clause – Subclause – Item – Subitem. </p><p>The "Section" division is the core organizational component of the Code, and the "Title" division is always the largest division of the Code. Which intermediate levels between Title and Section appear, if any, varies from Title to Title. For example, in Title 38 (Veteran's Benefits), the order runs Title – Part – Chapter – Subchapter – Section. </p><p>The word "title" in this context is roughly akin to a printed "volume", although many of the larger titles span multiple volumes. Similarly, no particular size or length is associated with other subdivisions; a section might run several pages in print, or just a sentence or two. Some subdivisions within particular titles acquire meaning of their own; for example, it is common for lawyers to refer to a "<a href="/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter 11 bankruptcy">Chapter 11 bankruptcy</a>" or a "Subchapter S <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporation</a>" (often shortened to "<a href="/wiki/S_corporation" title="S corporation">S corporation</a>"). </p><p>In the context of federal statutes, the word "title" has two slightly different meanings. It can refer to the highest subdivision of the Code itself, but it can also refer to the highest subdivision of an Act of Congress which subsequently becomes part of an existing title of the Code.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, when Americans refer to Title VII, they are usually referring to the seventh title of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That Act is actually codified in <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">Title 42 of the United States Code</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Title_7_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 7 of the United States Code">Title 7</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The intermediate subdivisions between title and section are helpful for reading the Code (since Congress uses them to group together related sections), but they are not needed to cite a section in the Code. To cite any particular section, it is enough to know its title and section numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one legal style manual,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a sample citation would be "<a href="/wiki/Privacy_Act_of_1974" title="Privacy Act of 1974">Privacy Act of 1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/552a">§ 552a</a> (2006)", read aloud as "Title five, United States Code, section five fifty-two A" or simply "five USC five fifty-two A". </p><p>Some section numbers consist of awkward-sounding combinations of letters, hyphens, and numerals.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_147-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are especially prevalent in Title 42.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_147-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical example is the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act" title="Religious Freedom Restoration Act">Religious Freedom Restoration Act</a> of 1993 (RFRA), which is codified in Chapter 21B of Title 42 at <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/2000bb">§ 2000bb</a> through <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/2000bb-4">§ 2000bb-4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_147-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of RFRA, Congress was trying to squeeze a new act into Title 42 between Chapter 21A (ending at <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/2000aa-12">§ 2000aa-12</a>) and Chapter 22 (beginning at <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/2001">§ 2001</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_147-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The underlying problem is that the original drafters of the Code in 1926 failed to foresee the explosive growth of federal legislation directed to "The Public Health and Welfare" (as Title 42 is literally titled) and did not fashion statutory classifications and section numbering schemes that could readily accommodate such expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_147-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Title 42 grew in size from 6 chapters and 106 sections in 1926 to over 160 chapters and 7,000 sections as of 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson_1999_147-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles">Titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uscatitle11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Uscatitle11.jpg/220px-Uscatitle11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Uscatitle11.jpg/330px-Uscatitle11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Uscatitle11.jpg/440px-Uscatitle11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="1711" /></a><figcaption>A few volumes of an annotated version of the United States Code</figcaption></figure> <p>Titles that have been enacted into <a href="/wiki/Positive_law" title="Positive law">positive law</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are indicated by blue shading below with the year of last enactment. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_1_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 1 of the United States Code">Title 1</a> </td> <td>General Provisions </td> <td>1947 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_2_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 2 of the United States Code">Title 2</a> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_3_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 3 of the United States Code">Title 3</a> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> </td> <td>1948 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_4_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 4 of the United States Code">Title 4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Seal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Seat of Government</a>, and the States </td> <td>1947 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">Title 5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Government</a> Organization and <a href="/wiki/Employee" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee">Employees</a><sup id="cite_ref-star_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1966 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_6_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 6 of the United States Code">Title 6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Domestic Security</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_7_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 7 of the United States Code">Title 7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">Title 8</a> </td> <td>Aliens and Nationality </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_9_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 9 of the United States Code">Title 9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arbitration" title="Arbitration">Arbitration</a> </td> <td>1947 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1956 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_11_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 11 of the United States Code">Title 11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_in_the_United_States" title="Bankruptcy in the United States">Bankruptcy</a> </td> <td>1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 12 of the United States Code">Title 12</a> </td> <td>Banks and Banking </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_13_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 13 of the United States Code">Title 13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">Census</a> </td> <td>1954 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">Title 14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">Title 15</a> </td> <td>Commerce and Trade </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_16_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 16 of the United States Code">Title 16</a> </td> <td>Conservation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">Title 17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">Copyrights</a> </td> <td>1947 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">Title 18</a> </td> <td>Crimes and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Procedure">Criminal Procedure</a><sup id="cite_ref-star_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_19_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 19 of the United States Code">Title 19</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">Customs</a> Duties </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_20_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 20 of the United States Code">Title 20</a> </td> <td>Education </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_21_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 21 of the United States Code">Title 21</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drugs</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_22_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 22 of the United States Code">Title 22</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign Relations</a> and Intercourse </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_23_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 23 of the United States Code">Title 23</a> </td> <td>Highways </td> <td>1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_24_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 24 of the United States Code">Title 24</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospitals" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatric hospitals">Asylums</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_25_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 25 of the United States Code">Title 25</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Title 26</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_27_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 27 of the United States Code">Title 27</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Intoxicating Liquors</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">Title 28</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial Procedure">Judicial Procedure</a> </td> <td>1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_29_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 29 of the United States Code">Title 29</a> </td> <td>Labor </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_30_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 30 of the United States Code">Title 30</a> </td> <td>Mineral Lands and <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">Title 31</a> </td> <td>Money and Finance </td> <td>1982 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">Title 32</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard of the United States">National Guard</a> </td> <td>1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_33_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 33 of the United States Code">Title 33</a> </td> <td>Navigation and Navigable Waters </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_34_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 34 of the United States Code">Title 34</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_34_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 34 of the United States Code">Crime Control and Law Enforcement</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_35_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 35 of the United States Code">Title 35</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patents</a> </td> <td>1952 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations</a> </td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_37_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 37 of the United States Code">Title 37</a> </td> <td>Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services </td> <td>1962 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_38_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 38 of the United States Code">Title 38</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Veteran" title="Veteran">Veterans' Benefits</a> </td> <td>1958 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_39_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 39 of the United States Code">Title 39</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">Postal Service</a> </td> <td>1970 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_40_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 40 of the United States Code">Title 40</a> </td> <td>Public Buildings, Properties, and <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">Works</a> </td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_41_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 41 of the United States Code">Title 41</a> </td> <td>Public Contracts </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">Title 42</a> </td> <td>The Public Health and <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">Welfare</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_43_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 43 of the United States Code">Title 43</a> </td> <td>Public Lands </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_44_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 44 of the United States Code">Title 44</a> </td> <td>Public <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> and Documents </td> <td>1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_45_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 45 of the United States Code">Title 45</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Railroads</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_46_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 46 of the United States Code">Title 46</a> </td> <td>Shipping </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_47_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 47 of the United States Code">Title 47</a> </td> <td>Telecommunications </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_48_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 48 of the United States Code">Title 48</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Territories and Insular Possessions</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_49_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 49 of the United States Code">Title 49</a> </td> <td>Transportation<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">Title 50</a> </td> <td>War and National Defense </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_51_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 51 of the United States Code">Title 51</a> </td> <td>National and Commercial Space Programs </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_52_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 52 of the United States Code">Title 52</a> </td> <td>Voting and Elections </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_53_of_the_United_States_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Title 53 of the United States Code">Title 53</a> </td> <td>[Reserved] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#addfff;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Title_54_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 54 of the United States Code">Title 54</a> </td> <td>National Park Service and Related Programs </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_titles">Proposed titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Proposed titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Law_Revision_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Law Revision Counsel">Office of Law Revision Counsel</a> (LRC) has produced draft text for three additional titles of federal law. The subject matter of these proposed titles exists today in one or several existing titles. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Title 53<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Small Business<sup id="cite_ref-2009-CONG-US-HR-1983_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009-CONG-US-HR-1983-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Title 55 </td> <td>Environment </td></tr> <tr> <td>Title 56 </td> <td>Wildlife </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The LRC announced an "editorial reclassification" of the federal laws governing voting and elections that went into effect on September 1, 2014. This reclassification involved moving various laws previously classified in Titles 2 and 42 into a new <a href="/wiki/Title_52_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 52 of the United States Code">Title 52</a>, which has not been enacted into positive law.<sup id="cite_ref-gpo.gov_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpo.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H.R.6389 in the 115th Congress<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposed putting it in Title 57.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_repealed_laws">Treatment of repealed laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Treatment of repealed laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When sections are repealed, their text is deleted and replaced by a note summarizing what used to be there. This is so that lawyers reading old cases can understand what the cases are talking about. As a result, some portions of the Code consist entirely of empty chapters full of historical notes. For example, Title 8, Chapter 7 is labeled "Exclusion of Chinese".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contains historical notes relating to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Exclusion Act (United States)">Chinese Exclusion Act</a>, which is no longer in effect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_and_growth_of_federal_crimes">Number and growth of federal crimes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Number and growth of federal crimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are conflicting opinions on the number of federal crimes,<sup id="cite_ref-failed_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-failed-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-revisiting_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revisiting-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but many have argued that there has been explosive growth and it has become overwhelming.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> could not come up with a number, but estimated 3,000 crimes in the United States Code.<sup id="cite_ref-failed_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-failed-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-revisiting_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revisiting-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a> said that it was likely much higher than 3,000, but did not give a specific estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-failed_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-failed-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-revisiting_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revisiting-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a> published a report that put the number at a minimum of 4,450.<sup id="cite_ref-revisiting_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revisiting-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When staff for a task force of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">U.S. House Judiciary Committee</a> asked the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> (CRS) to update its 2008 calculation of criminal offenses in the USC in 2013, the CRS responded that they lack the manpower and resources to accomplish the task.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_codifications">Related codifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Related codifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Code generally contains only those Acts of Congress, or statutes, designated as public laws. The Code itself does not include <a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive order (United States)">Executive Orders</a> or other executive-branch documents related to the statutes, or rules promulgated by the courts. However, such related material is sometimes contained in notes to relevant statutory sections or in appendices. The Code does not include statutes designated at enactment as private laws, nor statutes that are considered temporary in nature, such as appropriations. These laws are included in the <i><a href="/wiki/Statutes_at_Large" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutes at Large">Statutes at Large</a></i> for the year of enactment. </p><p>Regulations promulgated by executive agencies through the rulemaking process set out in the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Act_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative Procedure Act (United States)">Administrative Procedure Act</a> are published chronologically in the <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></i> and then codified in the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a> (CFR). Similarly, state statutes and regulations are often codified into state-specific codes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">List of U.S. state statutory codes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">United States Reports</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscode.house.gov/pdf/2010/2010usc01.pdf">Title 1 of the Code</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110308201143/http://uscode.house.gov/pdf/2010/2010usc01.pdf">Archived</a> March 8, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> as published by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olson_1999_146-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_146_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOlson1999" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Kent C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legalinformation00kent/page/146"><i>Legal Information: How to Find It, How to Use It</i></a>. Phoenix: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legalinformation00kent/page/146">146</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897749634" title="Special:BookSources/0897749634"><bdi>0897749634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+Information%3A+How+to+Find+It%2C+How+to+Use+It&rft.place=Phoenix&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0897749634&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Kent+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegalinformation00kent%2Fpage%2F146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/1068">"Public Law No: 113-287, Enacted title 54, United States Code, "National Park Service and Related Programs", as positive law"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210329173701/https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/1068">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Law+No%3A+113-287%2C+Enacted+title+54%2C+United+States+Code%2C+%22National+Park+Service+and+Related+Programs%22%2C+as+positive+law.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F113th-congress%2Fhouse-bill%2F1068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Title 34 <i>(Navy)</i> was repealed, but the numbering system was retained until the creation of a new Title 34 in 2017. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/">USC Table of Contents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805053116/http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text">Archived</a> August 5, 2012, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USC_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216204602/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/uscode/about.html">"United States Code"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/uscode/about.html">the original</a> on February 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpoaccess.gov%2Fuscode%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gpo.gov-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gpo.gov_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpo.gov_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpo.gov_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/help/about_united_states_code.htm">About United States Code</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002185723/http://www.gpo.gov/help/about_united_states_code.htm">Archived</a> October 2, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Gpo.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105231122/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/plaws/about.html"><i>Public and Private Laws: About</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Publishing Office</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/plaws/about.html">the original</a> on January 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2010</span>, <q>After the President signs a bill into law, it is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR), National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) …</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+and+Private+Laws%3A+About&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Publishing+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpoaccess.gov%2Fplaws%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105231122/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/plaws/about.html"><i>Public and Private Laws: About</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Publishing Office</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/plaws/about.html">the original</a> on January 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2010</span>, <q>Public and private laws are prepared and published by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) … The database for the current session of Congress is updated when the publication of a slip law is authorized by OFR.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+and+Private+Laws%3A+About&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Publishing+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpoaccess.gov%2Fplaws%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bast_Page_138-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bast_Page_138_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastHawkins2013" class="citation book cs1">Bast, Carol M.; Hawkins, Margie A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8foKAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA138"><i>Foundations of Legal Research and Writing</i></a> (5th ed.). Clifton Park, New York: Delmar. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781285402604" title="Special:BookSources/9781285402604"><bdi>9781285402604</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029133122/https://books.google.com/books?id=8foKAAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA138&hl=en&source=newbks_fb">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Legal+Research+and+Writing&rft.place=Clifton+Park%2C+New+York&rft.pages=138&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Delmar&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781285402604&rft.aulast=Bast&rft.aufirst=Carol+M.&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+Margie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8foKAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Title_1_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 1 of the United States Code">1 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/1/112">§ 112</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Title_1_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 1 of the United States Code">1 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/1/113">§ 113</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bast_Page_139-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bast_Page_139_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastHawkins2013" class="citation book cs1">Bast, Carol M.; Hawkins, Margie A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8foKAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA139"><i>Foundations of Legal Research and Writing</i></a> (5th ed.). Clifton Park, New York: Delmar. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781285402604" title="Special:BookSources/9781285402604"><bdi>9781285402604</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029133123/https://books.google.com/books?id=8foKAAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA139&hl=en&source=newbks_fb">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Legal+Research+and+Writing&rft.place=Clifton+Park%2C+New+York&rft.pages=139&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Delmar&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781285402604&rft.aulast=Bast&rft.aufirst=Carol+M.&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+Margie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8foKAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-house1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-house1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscode.house.gov/detailed_guide.xhtml">"DETAILED GUIDE TO THE UNITED STATES CODE CONTENT AND FEATURES"</a>. <i>uscode.house.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126181652/http://uscode.house.gov/detailed_guide.xhtml">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uscode.house.gov&rft.atitle=DETAILED+GUIDE+TO+THE+UNITED+STATES+CODE+CONTENT+AND+FEATURES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuscode.house.gov%2Fdetailed_guide.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>United States Nat. Bank of Ore. v. Independent Ins. Agents of America, Inc.</i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_508" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 508">508</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/508/439/#440">439, 440</a> (1993)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscode.house.gov/codification/legislation.shtml#current_plaw">"POSITIVE LAW CODIFICATION"</a>. <i>uscode.house.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421023928/https://uscode.house.gov/codification/legislation.shtml#current_plaw">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uscode.house.gov&rft.atitle=POSITIVE+LAW+CODIFICATION&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuscode.house.gov%2Fcodification%2Flegislation.shtml%23current_plaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Title_1_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 1 of the United States Code">1 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/1/204">§ 204</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"[ … ] whenever titles of such Code shall have been enacted into positive law the text thereof shall be legal evidence of the laws therein contained, in all the courts of the United States [ … ]" <a href="/wiki/Title_1_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 1 of the United States Code">1 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/1/204">§ 204</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., <i>United States v. Zuger</i>, 602 F. Supp. 889, 891 (D. Conn. 1984) ("Where a title has, however, been enacted into positive law, the Code title itself is deemed to constitute conclusive evidence of the law; recourse to other sources is unnecessary and precluded.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Appropriations_Act,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2006">Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/109/public/148?link-type=html">109–148 (text)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/109/public/148?link-type=pdf&.pdf">(PDF)</a>, 119 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-119-2680">2680</a> (2005)—a time-specific appropriations act that the President signed into law on December 30, 2005—contains in its Division A, Title X the <a href="/wiki/Detainee_Treatment_Act" title="Detainee Treatment Act">Detainee Treatment Act</a> of 2005 ("DTA"). The DTA set out, among other things, permanent provisions governing standards for interrogation of persons in Defense Department custody, prohibitions on cruel and unusual punishment, and procedures for status review of extraterritorial detainees. <i>See id.</i> at div. A, tit. X, §§ 1001–1006, 119 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-119-2739">2739</a>–44. Notably, DTA section 1002 was printed as a note to <a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">10 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/801">§ 801</a>; DTA section 1003 was codified as <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/2000dd">§ 2000dd</a> (though the section has not yet been enacted into positive law); and DTA section 1005(e)(1) codified a new subsection (e) of <a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/2241">§ 2241</a> (which became positive law upon the DTA's enactment). Congress also enacted a nearly identical version of the DTA as a component of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (page does not exist)">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006</a>, <i>see</i> <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/109/public/163?link-type=html">109–163 (text)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/109/public/163?link-type=pdf&.pdf">(PDF)</a>, div. A, tit. XIV, §§ 1401–1406, 119 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-119-3136">3136</a>, 3474–80 (2006)—an authorization act that the President signed into law on January 6, 2006 (a week after he signed the original DTA into law). The December 2005 and January 2006 versions of the DTA are generally identical except for certain provisions in the section relating to training of Iraqi security forces (section 1006 of the Dec. '05 DTA and section 1406 of the Jan. '06 DTA). As a result, both the Dec. '05 and Jan. '06 DTAs appear to have made essentially simultaneous and duplicative amendments to the Code and its notes. <i>But see</i> the legislative history notes under <a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/2241">§ 2241</a> (to the effect that two subsection (e)s of that statutory section have apparently been enacted). As of 22 November 2024, there has been no litigation challenging the validity of either of the DTA statutes on these grounds.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/69/440">69–440</a>, 44 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-44-777">777</a>, enacted <span data-sort-value="000000001926-06-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 30, 1926</span>; <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/69/441">69–441</a>, 44 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-44-778">778</a>, enacted <span data-sort-value="000000001926-06-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 30, 1926</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2013" class="citation web cs1">Howard, Alexander B. (July 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-pluribusunum.com/2013/07/30/house-of-representatives-publishes-u-s-code-as-open-government-data/">"U.S. House of Representatives publishes U.S. Code as open government data"</a>. <i>e-pluribusunum.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130823214124/http://e-pluribusunum.com/2013/07/30/house-of-representatives-publishes-u-s-code-as-open-government-data/">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=e-pluribusunum.com&rft.atitle=U.S.+House+of+Representatives+publishes+U.S.+Code+as+open+government+data&rft.date=2013-07-30&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Alexander+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-pluribusunum.com%2F2013%2F07%2F30%2Fhouse-of-representatives-publishes-u-s-code-as-open-government-data%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuman2012" class="citation web cs1">Schuman, Daniel (November 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2012/11/13/testers-wanted-beta-website-for-us-code-now-online/">"Testers wanted: Beta Website for US Code Now Online"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sunlight_Foundation" title="Sunlight Foundation">Sunlight Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140109050355/http://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2012/11/13/testers-wanted-beta-website-for-us-code-now-online/">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testers+wanted%3A+Beta+Website+for+US+Code+Now+Online&rft.pub=Sunlight+Foundation&rft.date=2012-11-13&rft.aulast=Schuman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsunlightfoundation.com%2Fblog%2F2012%2F11%2F13%2Ftesters-wanted-beta-website-for-us-code-now-online%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscode.house.gov/download/resources/USLM-User-Guide.pdf">"United States Legislative Markup: User Guide for the USLM Schema"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Office of the Law Revision Counsel</a>. July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927223531/http://uscode.house.gov/download/resources/USLM-User-Guide.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Legislative+Markup%3A+User+Guide+for+the+USLM+Schema&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Law+Revision+Counsel&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuscode.house.gov%2Fdownload%2Fresources%2FUSLM-User-Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGheen2012" class="citation web cs1">Gheen, Tina (April 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.loc.gov/law/2012/04/oasis-puts-akoma-ntoso-on-the-standards-track/">"OASIS Puts Akoma Ntoso on the Standards Track"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130219230905/http://blogs.loc.gov/law/2012/04/oasis-puts-akoma-ntoso-on-the-standards-track/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OASIS+Puts+Akoma+Ntoso+on+the+Standards+Track&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2012-04-23&rft.aulast=Gheen&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.loc.gov%2Flaw%2F2012%2F04%2Foasis-puts-akoma-ntoso-on-the-standards-track%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olson_1999_152-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_152_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_152_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_152_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1999" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Kent C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legalinformation00kent/page/152"><i>Legal Information: How to Find It, How to Use It</i></a>. Phoenix: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legalinformation00kent/page/152">152</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897749634" title="Special:BookSources/0897749634"><bdi>0897749634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+Information%3A+How+to+Find+It%2C+How+to+Use+It&rft.place=Phoenix&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0897749634&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Kent+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegalinformation00kent%2Fpage%2F152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/f2200/2225.htm">Final Judgment : U.S. et al. v. The Thomson Corporation and West Publishing Company</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090512074046/http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/f2200/2225.htm">Archived</a> May 12, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Usdoj.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bellis MD. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.gov/public/pdf.nsf/lookup/draftcon.pdf/$file/draftcon.pdf">Statutory Structure and Legislative Drafting Conventions: A Primer for Judges</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120064942/http://www.fjc.gov/public/pdf.nsf/lookup/draftcon.pdf/$file/draftcon.pdf">Archived</a> January 20, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Federal Judicial Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-house-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-house_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscode.house.gov/detailed_guide.xhtml">"DETAILED GUIDE TO THE UNITED STATES CODE CONTENT AND FEATURES"</a>. <i>uscode.house.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126181652/http://uscode.house.gov/detailed_guide.xhtml">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uscode.house.gov&rft.atitle=DETAILED+GUIDE+TO+THE+UNITED+STATES+CODE+CONTENT+AND+FEATURES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuscode.house.gov%2Fdetailed_guide.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irs-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irs_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples of naming "<i>section</i> 148(b)(2)" and "<i>subparagraphs</i> (B)(ii) and (C)" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/141">"26 U.S. Code § 141"</a>. <i>LII / Legal Information Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212194304/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/141">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LII+%2F+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=26+U.S.+Code+%C2%A7+141&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F26%2F141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation 102 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olson_1999_147-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_1999_147_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1999" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Kent C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legalinformation00kent/page/147"><i>Legal Information: How to Find It, How to Use It</i></a>. Phoenix: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legalinformation00kent/page/147">147</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897749634" title="Special:BookSources/0897749634"><bdi>0897749634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+Information%3A+How+to+Find+It%2C+How+to+Use+It&rft.place=Phoenix&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0897749634&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Kent+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegalinformation00kent%2Fpage%2F147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscode.house.gov/codification/legislation.shtml">Positive Law Codification</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421023928/https://uscode.house.gov/codification/legislation.shtml">Archived</a> April 21, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-star-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-star_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-star_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Includes Appendix of provisions not yet enacted into positive law.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally <a href="/wiki/Surety_Bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Surety Bonds">Surety Bonds</a> (<i>repealed</i>). Enacted into positive law by the 80th Congress in 1947; combined into Title 31 when it was enacted into positive law.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Originally <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> (<i>repealed</i>). In 1956 Title 34 was moved into <a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10</a> subtitle C).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enacted into positive law in stages; Title IV in 1978, Title I in 1983, and Titles II, III, and V-X in 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6389">"H.R.6389 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): To enact certain laws relating to small business as title 57, United States Code, "Small Business"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Congress.gov</i>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blog+of+Legal+Times&rft.atitle=Way+Too+Many+Criminal+Laws%2C+Lawyers+Tell+Congress&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft.aulast=Ruger&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegaltimes.typepad.com%2Fblt%2F2013%2F06%2Fway-too-many-criminal-laws-lawyers-tell-congress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Code&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Seal, Seat of Government, and the States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5: Government Organization and Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_6_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 6 of the United States Code">6: Domestic Security (formerly titled Surety Bonds)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_7_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 7 of the United States Code">7: Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8: Aliens and Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_9_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 9 of the United States Code">9: Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">10: Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_11_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 11 of the United States Code">11: Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_12_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 12 of the United States Code">12: Banks and Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_13_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 13 of the United States Code">13: Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">14: Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">15: Commerce and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_16_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 16 of the United States Code">16: Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">17: Copyrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18: Crimes and Criminal Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_19_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 19 of the United States Code">19: Customs Duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_20_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 20 of the United States Code">20: Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_21_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 21 of the United States Code">21: Food and Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_22_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 22 of the United States Code">22: Foreign Relations and Intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_23_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 23 of the United States Code">23: Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_24_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 24 of the United States Code">24: Hospitals and Asylums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_25_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 25 of the United States Code">25: Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">26: Internal Revenue Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_27_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 27 of the United States Code">27: Intoxicating Liquors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_29_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 29 of the United States Code">29: Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_30_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 30 of the United States Code">30: Mineral Lands and Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">31: Money and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">32: National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_33_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 33 of the United States Code">33: Navigable Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_34_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 34 of the United States Code">34: Crime Control and Law Enforcement (formerly titled Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_35_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 35 of the United States Code">35: Patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">36: Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_37_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 37 of the United States Code">37: Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_38_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 38 of the United States Code">38: Veterans' Benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_39_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 39 of the United States Code">39: Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_40_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 40 of the United States Code">40: Public Buildings, Properties, and Public Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_41_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 41 of the United States Code">41: Public Contracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42: The Public Health and Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_43_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 43 of the United States Code">43: Public Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_44_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 44 of the United States Code">44: Public Printing and Documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_45_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 45 of the United States Code">45: Railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_46_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 46 of the United States Code">46: Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_47_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 47 of the United States Code">47: Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_48_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 48 of the United States Code">48: Territories and Insular Possessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_49_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 49 of the United States Code">49: Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">50: War and National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_51_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 51 of the United States Code">51: National and Commercial Space Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_52_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 52 of the United States Code">52: Voting and Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_54_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 54 of the United States Code">54: National Parks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Congress" title="Template:United States Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Congress" title="Template talk:United States Congress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Congress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Congress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">Joint session</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a> ← <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> → <a href="/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress" title="119th United States Congress">119th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_Congress" title="Lists of United States Congress">Lists of United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Members_and_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_congress" title="Member of congress">Members and leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_longevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service">By length of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_brevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by brevity of service">By shortness of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_youngest_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of youngest members of the United States Congress">Youngest members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Non-voting members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unseated_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Unseated members of the United States Congress">Unseated members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_senators" title="List of former United States senators">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_expelled_or_censured" title="List of United States senators expelled or censured">Expelled or censured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_born_outside_the_United_States" title="List of United States senators born outside the United States">Born outside the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_from_the_United_States_Senate" title="Resignation from the United States Senate">Resigned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appointed_United_States_senators" title="List of appointed United States senators">Appointed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States senators who switched parties">Switched parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Seniority in the United States House of Representatives">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of former members of the United States House of Representatives">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_expelled,_censured,_or_reprimanded" title="List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded">Expelled, censured, and reprimanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_served_a_single_term" title="List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term">Served a single term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_lost_re-election_in_a_primary" title="List of members of the United States House of Representatives who lost re-election in a primary">Lost re-election in a primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States representatives who switched parties">Switched parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members-elect_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_never_took_their_seats" title="List of members-elect of the United States House of Representatives who never took their seats">Elected but did not serve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_90th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 90th United States Congress">90th (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_91st_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 91st United States Congress">91st (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_92nd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 92nd United States Congress">92nd (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_93rd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 93rd United States Congress">93rd (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_94th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 94th United States Congress">94th (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_95th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 95th United States Congress">95th (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_96th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 96th United States Congress">96th (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_97th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 97th United States Congress">97th (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_98th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 98th United States Congress">98th (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_99th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 99th United States Congress">99th (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_100th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 100th United States Congress">100th (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_101st_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 101st United States Congress">101st (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_102nd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 102nd United States Congress">102nd (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_103rd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 103rd United States Congress">103rd (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_104th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 104th United States Congress">104th (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_105th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 105th United States Congress">105th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_106th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 106th United States Congress">106th (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_107th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 107th United States Congress">107th (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_108th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 108th United States Congress">108th (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_109th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 109th United States Congress">109th (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_110th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 110th United States Congress">110th (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_111th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 111th United States Congress">111th (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_112th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 112th United States Congress">112th (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_113th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 113th United States Congress">113th (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_114th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 114th United States Congress">114th (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_115th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 115th United States Congress">115th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_116th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 116th United States Congress">116th (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_117th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 117th United States Congress">117th (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_118th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 118th United States Congress">118th (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus#Chairs" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus#Caucus_secretary" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee Chair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference" title="Senate Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference#List_of_conference_chairmen_and_chairwomen" title="Senate Republican Conference">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference#List_of_Secretary_and_Vice_Chairman" title="Senate Republican Conference">Vice-Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Republican_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Republican Policy Committee">Policy Committee Chair</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Legal_Advisory_Group" title="Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group">Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Republican_Conference" title="House Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering#United_States" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucus" title="Congressional caucus">Congressional caucus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucuses_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Caucuses of the United States Congress">Caucuses of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and racial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="African Americans in the United States Congress">African-American members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Black Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_and_Middle_Eastern_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Arab and Middle Eastern Americans in the United States Congress">Arab and Middle Eastern members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Americans_and_Pacific_Islands_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress">Asian Pacific American members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus" title="Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus">Asian Pacific American Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">Hispanic and Latino members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Caucus" title="Congressional Hispanic Caucus">Hispanic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Hispanic Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">Jewish members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Jewish_Caucus" title="Congressional Jewish Caucus">Congressional Jewish Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Native Americans in the United States Congress">Native American members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gender and sexual identity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT members of the United States Congress">LGBT members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Equality_Caucus" title="Congressional Equality Caucus">Equality Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus_for_Women%27s_Issues" title="Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues">Issues Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#Current_female_members" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">current House</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Physicians in the United States Congress">Physicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Buddhist members of the United States Congress">Buddhist members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hindu members of the United States Congress">Hindu members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">Jewish members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mormon_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Mormon members of the United States Congress">Mormon (LDS) members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Muslim members of the United States Congress">Muslim members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quaker_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Quaker members of the United States Congress">Quaker members</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dalip_Singh_Saund" title="Dalip Singh Saund">Sikh members</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_longest-serving_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of historical longest-serving members of the United States Congress">By length of service historically</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_wealth" title="List of current members of the United States Congress by wealth">Current members by wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_from_multiple_states" title="List of members of the United States Congress from multiple states">From multiple states</a></li> <li>Died in office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1790%E2%80%931899)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)">1790–1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1900%E2%80%931949)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–1949)">1900–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1950%E2%80%931999)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–1999)">1950–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(2000%E2%80%93)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (2000–)">2000–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_killed_or_wounded_in_office" title="List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office">Killed or wounded in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_party_switchers_in_the_United_States" title="List of party switchers in the United States">Party switchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_who_owned_slaves" title="List of members of the United States Congress who owned slaves">Slave owners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Powers,_privileges,_procedure,_committees,_history,_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Powers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">(Dormant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress">Contempt of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war_by_the_United_States" title="Declaration of war by the United States">Declaration of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">Impeachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment inquiry in the United States">Inquiries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_trial_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment trial in the United States">Trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">Naturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">"Necessary and Proper"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_power_of_enforcement" title="Congressional power of enforcement">Power of enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing/spending</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Privileges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salaries_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Salaries of members of the United States Congress">Salaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franking" title="Franking">Franking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Immunity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_legislation" title="List of United States federal legislation">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriations_bill_(United_States)" title="Appropriations bill (United States)">Appropriation bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(United_States_Congress)" title="Bill (United States Congress)">Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_budget_process" title="United States budget process">Budget process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_in_the_United_States" title="Censure in the United States">Censure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Closed session of the United States Congress">Closed sessions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Closed sessions of the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Closed sessions of the United States Senate">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">Cloture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_resolution" title="Concurrent resolution">Concurrent resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_resolution" title="Continuing resolution">Continuing resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Colleague_letter_(United_States)" title="Dear Colleague letter (United States)">Dear Colleague letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_petition" title="Discharge petition">Discharge petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrolled_bill" title="Enrolled bill">Enrolled bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress" title="Expulsion from the United States Congress">Expulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_resolution" title="Joint resolution">Joint resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">Joint session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_joint_sessions_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of joint sessions of the United States Congress">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lame-duck_session" title="Lame-duck session">Lame-duck session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_minute" title="Magic minute">Magic minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastert_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Hastert Rule">Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_referral" title="Multiple referral">Multiple referral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedures_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Procedures of the United States House of Representatives">House procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum_call" title="Quorum call">Quorum call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider_(legislation)" title="Rider (legislation)">Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(legislative)" title="Sponsor (legislative)">Sponsorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_rules_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Suspension of the rules in the United States Congress">Suspension of the rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unanimous_consent" title="Unanimous consent">Unanimous consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">Veto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line-item_veto" title="Line-item veto">Line-item veto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_veto" title="Pocket veto">Pocket veto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">Advice and consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_slip_(U.S._Senate)" title="Blue slip (U.S. Senate)">Blue slip (U.S. Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_communication" title="Executive communication">Executive communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_session" title="Executive session">Executive session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">Filibuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Manual" title="Jefferson's Manual">Jefferson's <i>Manual</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Journal" title="United States Senate Journal"><i>Senate Journal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_business" title="Morning business">Morning business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_option" title="Nuclear option">Nuclear option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Presiding Officer of the United States Senate">Presiding Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddick%27s_Senate_Procedure" title="Riddick's Senate Procedure">Riddick's Senate Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_hold" title="Senate hold">Senate hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatorial_courtesy" title="Senatorial courtesy">Senatorial courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">Seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rules_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Standing Rules of the United States Senate">Standing Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">Tie-breaking votes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Traditions of the United States Senate">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Clause" title="Treaty Clause">Treaty Clause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_committee" title="United States congressional committee">Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranking_member" title="Ranking member">ranking member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Whole_(United_States_House_of_Representatives)" title="Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives)">Of the Whole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_conference_committee" title="United States congressional conference committee">Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_petition" title="Discharge petition">Discharge petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_hearing" title="United States congressional hearing">Hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markup_(legislation)" title="Markup (legislation)">Markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_oversight" title="Congressional oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_joint_committees" title="List of United States congressional joint committees">List (Joint)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_House_of_Representatives_committees" title="List of United States House of Representatives committees">List (House)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_committees" title="List of United States Senate committees">List (Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_or_special_committee_(United_States_Congress)" title="Select or special committee (United States Congress)">Select and special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_committee_(United_States_Congress)" title="Standing committee (United States Congress)">Standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_subcommittee" title="United States congressional subcommittee">Subcommittees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gavel#United_States_Congress_gavels" title="Gavel">Gavels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mace_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Mace of the United States House of Representatives">Mace of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the United States Senate">Seal of the Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="History of the United States Congress">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="History of the United States House of Representatives">House history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._representative_bibliography_(congressional_memoirs)" title="U.S. representative bibliography (congressional memoirs)">memoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="List of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives elections">speaker elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="History of the United States Senate">Senate history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_election_disputes" title="List of United States Senate election disputes">election disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._senator_bibliography_(congressional_memoirs)" title="U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs)">memoirs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall (1789–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall (1790–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Brick_Capitol" title="Old Brick Capitol">Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress"><i>Biographical Directory</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_government_in_the_United_States" title="Divided government in the United States">Divided government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_divisions_of_United_States_Congresses" title="Party divisions of United States Congresses">Party divisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Capitol_Complex_(Capitol_Hill)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Complex" title="United States Capitol Complex">Capitol Complex</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_staff" title="Congressional staff">Congressional staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_General_of_the_United_States" title="Comptroller General of the United States">Comptroller General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol" title="Architect of the Capitol">Architect of the Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Cap. Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Police Board">Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Guide_Service" title="United States Capitol Guide Service">Cap. Guide Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congr. Budget Office (CBO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Congressional_Workplace_Rights" title="Office of Congressional Workplace Rights">Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Technology_Assessment" title="Office of Technology Assessment">Technology Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Curator of the United States Senate">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Library" title="United States Senate Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Congressional_Ethics" title="Office of Congressional Ethics">Congr. Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Emergency_Planning,_Preparedness,_and_Operations" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations">Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Interparliamentary_Affairs" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Interparliamentary Affairs">Interparliamentary Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Law Revision Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Legislative_Counsel" title="Office of the Legislative Counsel">Legislative Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Library" title="United States House of Representatives Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Secretary of the United States Senate">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Chaplain of the United States Senate">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Curator of the United States Senate">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Librarian" title="United States Senate Librarian">Librarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Page of the United States Senate">Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Parliamentarian of the United States Senate">Parliamentarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Administrative_Officer_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives">Chief Administrative Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doorkeeper_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives">Doorkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Floor_Operations" title="Director of Floor Operations">Floor Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_Services_Chief" title="Floor Services Chief">Floor Services Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Historian of the United States House of Representatives">Historian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Page of the United States House of Representatives">Pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Page_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="House Page Board">Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives">Parliamentarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmaster_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives">Postmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Reading Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of<br />Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Research Service reports">reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office">Copyright Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Register_of_Copyrights" title="Register of Copyrights">Register of Copyrights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Library_of_Congress" title="Law Library of Congress">Law Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Poet_Laureate" title="United States Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THOMAS" title="THOMAS">THOMAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">Adams Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building" title="Thomas Jefferson Building">Jefferson Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Memorial_Building" title="James Madison Memorial Building">Madison Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Gov.<br />Publishing Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Printer_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Printer of the United States">Public Printer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Pictorial_Directory" title="Congressional Pictorial Directory">Congressional Pictorial Directory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_Congressional_Directory" title="Official Congressional Directory">Official Congressional Directory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Manual" title="United States Government Manual">U.S. Gov. Manual</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Serial_Set" title="United States Congressional Serial Set">Serial Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Statutes at Large</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol Building</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artwork_at_the_United_States_Capitol_complex" title="List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex">List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_portraits_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_collection_(A-J)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)">List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumidi_Corridors" title="Brumidi Corridors">Brumidi Corridors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Prayer_Room" title="Congressional Prayer Room">Congressional Prayer Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_crypt" title="United States Capitol crypt">Crypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_dome" title="United States Capitol dome">Dome</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Columns" title="Hall of Columns">Hall of Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">Statuary Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Visitor_Center" title="United States Capitol Visitor Center">Visitor Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)"><i>Declaration of Independence</i> painting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Democracy" title="Apotheosis of Democracy">Apotheosis of Democracy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment" title="Progress of Civilization Pediment">Progress of Civilization Pediment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Reading_of_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_of_President_Lincoln" title="First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln">First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne" title="Surrender of General Burgoyne">Surrender of General Burgoyne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Doors" title="Columbus Doors">Columbus Doors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton">Washington at Princeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Westward_the_Course_of_Empire_Takes_Its_Way" title="Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way">Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President%27s_Room" title="Vice President's Room">VP's Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Vice_Presidential_Bust_Collection" title="United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection">VP Bust Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_buildings" title="Congressional office buildings">Office<br />buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirksen_Senate_Office_Building" title="Dirksen Senate Office Building">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Senate_Office_Building" title="Hart Senate Office Building">Hart</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_Clouds" title="Mountains and Clouds">Mountains and Clouds</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building" title="Russell Senate Office Building">Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Office_Building_Commission" title="House Office Building Commission">Building Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_lottery" title="Congressional office lottery">office lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_House_Office_Building" title="Cannon House Office Building">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_House_Office_Building" title="Ford House Office Building">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longworth_House_Office_Building" title="Longworth House Office Building">Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_House_Office_Building" title="O'Neill House Office Building">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayburn_House_Office_Building" title="Rayburn House Office Building">Rayburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Staff_Health_and_Fitness_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Staff Health and Fitness Facility">Health and Fitness Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_Studio_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Recording Studio of the United States House of Representatives">House Recording Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_chamber" title="United States Senate chamber">Senate chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Senate_Chamber" title="Old Senate Chamber">Old Senate Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Supreme_Court_Chamber" title="Old Supreme Court Chamber">Old Supreme Court Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Power_Plant" title="Capitol Power Plant">Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Senate_Page_Residence" title="Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence">Webster Page Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_subway_system" title="United States Capitol subway system">Subway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Law_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Law of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Law_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Law of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Law_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Law of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law_of_the_United_States" title="Constitutional law of the United States">Constitutional law</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_legislation" title="List of United States federal legislation">legislation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">Civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(United_States_Congress)" title="Bill (United States Congress)">Bill (United States Congress)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scale_of_justice.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scales of justice"><img alt="Scales of justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Scale_of_justice.svg/40px-Scale_of_justice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Scale_of_justice.svg/60px-Scale_of_justice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Scale_of_justice.svg/80px-Scale_of_justice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="206" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_of_the_United_States" title="List of courts of the United States">Courts of the<br />United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Federal courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_bankruptcy_court" title="United States bankruptcy court">Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Federal_Claims" title="United States Court of Federal Claims">Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade">International Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Tax_Court" title="United States Tax Court">Tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">State courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">State supreme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legal_education_in_the_United_States" title="Legal education in the United States">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_school_in_the_United_States" title="Law school in the United States">Law school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_School_Admission_Test" title="Law School Admission Test">Law School Admission Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_examination_in_the_United_States" title="Bar examination in the United States">US bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">Admission to the bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">Reading law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_administrative_law" title="United States administrative law">Administrative law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_custody_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child custody laws in the United States">Child custody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child sexual abuse laws in the United States">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Civil procedure in the United States">Civil procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Conflict of laws in the United States">Conflict of laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law_of_the_United_States" title="Constitutional law of the United States">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_contract_law" title="United States contract 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