CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hugh Trevor-Roper - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"552d0eb0-f486-4ae3-b5b7-29cdf556e7bc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hugh_Trevor-Roper","wgTitle":"Hugh Trevor-Roper","wgCurRevisionId":1256232829,"wgRevisionId":1256232829,"wgArticleId":140453,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with reference errors","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y","Pages with broken reference names","Articles containing French-language text","CS1 errors: missing periodical","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from June 2023","Use dmy dates from October 2020","Pages using infobox military person with embed","Articles with hCards", "Articles containing German-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023","CS1: long volume value","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2024","Articles with Internet Archive links","1914 births","2003 deaths","Intelligence Corps officers","Military personnel from Northumberland","British Army personnel of World War II","20th-century English historians","Academic scandals","Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford","Conservative Party (UK) life peers","Deaths from esophageal cancer in England","Fellows of Christ Church, Oxford","Fellows of Merton College, Oxford","Fellows of Peterhouse, Cambridge","Fellows of the Royal Historical Society","Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London","Historians of Nazism","House of Roper","Masters of Peterhouse, Cambridge","People educated at Charterhouse School","People from Northumberland", "Regius Professors of History (University of Oxford)","People educated at Belhaven Hill School","Fellows of the British Academy","Life peers created by Elizabeth II"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hugh_Trevor-Roper","wgRelevantArticleId":140453,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish" :true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q335087","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg/1200px-Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg/800px-Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg/640px-Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hugh Trevor-Roper - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hugh_Trevor-Roper rootpage-Hugh_Trevor-Roper skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hugh+Trevor-Roper" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hugh+Trevor-Roper" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hugh+Trevor-Roper" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hugh+Trevor-Roper" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_service_and_the_Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_service_and_the_Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Military service and the Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service_and_the_Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigating_Hitler's_last_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigating_Hitler's_last_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Investigating Hitler's last days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigating_Hitler's_last_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-communism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-communism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anti-communism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-communism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_debates_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_debates_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical debates and controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_debates_and_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical debates and controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_debates_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>English Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_and_Hitler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_Hitler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>World War II and Hitler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_Hitler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_crisis_of_the_17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_crisis_of_the_17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>General crisis of the 17th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_crisis_of_the_17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>First World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-JFK_Assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JFK_Assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>JFK Assassination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JFK_Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backhouse_frauds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backhouse_frauds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Backhouse frauds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backhouse_frauds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxford_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxford_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Oxford activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxford_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debates_on_African_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debates_on_African_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Debates on African history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debates_on_African_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Hitler_Diaries"_hoax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Hitler_Diaries"_hoax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>"Hitler Diaries" hoax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Hitler_Diaries"_hoax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_as_Master_of_Peterhouse,_Cambridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_as_Master_of_Peterhouse,_Cambridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Election as Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_as_Master_of_Peterhouse,_Cambridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festschrift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festschrift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Festschrift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festschrift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Posthumous books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugh Trevor-Roper</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8E_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Хю Тревър-Ропър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хю Тревър-Ропър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%84-%EB%A1%9C%ED%8D%BC" title="휴 트레버-로퍼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휴 트레버-로퍼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8" title="יו טרבור-רופר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יו טרבור-רופר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugo Trevor-Roper – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hugo Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="هيو تريفور روبر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيو تريفور روبر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC" title="ヒュー・トレヴァー＝ローパー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒュー・トレヴァー＝ローパー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E" title="Тревор-Ропер, Хью – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тревор-Ропер, Хью" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฮิวจ์ เทรเวอร์-โรเปอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิวจ์ เทรเวอร์-โรเปอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hugh Trevor-Roper" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E5%BC%97-%E7%BE%85%E7%8F%80" title="休·特雷弗-羅珀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="休·特雷弗-羅珀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335087#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hugh_Trevor-Roper" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&oldid=1256232829" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&id=1256232829&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHugh_Trevor-Roper"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHugh_Trevor-Roper"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hugh_Trevor-Roper" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335087" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Historian (1914–2003)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn">The Lord Dacre of Glanton</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh_Trevor-Roper_(1975).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cropped black and white photograph of Trevor-Roper being given a book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg/220px-Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg/330px-Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg/440px-Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1295" data-file-height="1727" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Trevor-Roper in 1975</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><span class="nowrap">Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper</span></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-01-15</span>)</span>15 January 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Glanton" title="Glanton">Glanton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-01-26)</span> (aged 89)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Historian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Studies in 17th-century European history, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title"><a href="/wiki/Regius_Professor_of_Modern_History_(Oxford)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regius Professor of Modern History (Oxford)">Regius Professor of Modern History</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term</th><td class="infobox-data">1957–1980</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Hunter_Galbraith" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivian Hunter Galbraith">Vivian Hunter Galbraith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard_(historian)" title="Michael Howard (historian)">Michael Howard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Alexandra Howard-Johnston</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1954; died 1997)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Trevor-Roper" title="Patrick Trevor-Roper">Patrick Trevor-Roper</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)">Intelligence Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span> (15 January 1914 – 26 January 2003) was an English historian. He was <a href="/wiki/Regius_Professor_of_Modern_History_(Oxford)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regius Professor of Modern History (Oxford)">Regius Professor of Modern History</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. </p><p>Trevor-Roper was a <a href="/wiki/Polemic" title="Polemic">polemicist</a> and essayist on a range of historical topics, but particularly England in the 16th and 17th centuries and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. In the view of John Kenyon, "some of [Trevor-Roper's] short essays have affected the way we think about the past more than other men's books".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is echoed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Davenport-Hines" title="Richard Davenport-Hines">Richard Davenport-Hines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Sisman" title="Adam Sisman">Adam Sisman</a> in the introduction to <i>One Hundred Letters from Hugh Trevor-Roper</i> (2014): "The bulk of his publications is formidable<span class="nowrap"> </span>... Some of his essays are of Victorian length. All of them reduce large subjects to their essence. Many of them<span class="nowrap"> </span>... have lastingly transformed their fields." On the other hand, his biographer Adam Sisman also writes that "the mark of a great historian is that he writes great books, on the subject which he has made his own. By this exacting standard Hugh failed."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trevor-Roper's most commercially successful book was titled <i>The Last Days of Hitler</i> (1947). It emerged from his assignment as a British intelligence officer in 1945 to discover what happened in the last days of <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>'s bunker. From interviews with a range of witnesses and study of surviving documents, he demonstrated that Hitler was dead and had not escaped from Berlin. He also showed that Hitler's dictatorship was not an efficient unified machine but a hodge-podge of overlapping rivalries. </p><p>Trevor-Roper's reputation was "severely damaged" in 1983 when he authenticated the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Diaries" title="Hitler Diaries">Hitler Diaries</a> shortly before they were shown to be forgeries.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trevor-Roper was born at <a href="/wiki/Glanton" title="Glanton">Glanton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, England, the son of Kathleen Elizabeth Davidson (died 1964) and Bertie William Edward Trevor-Roper (1885–1978), a doctor, descended from <a href="/wiki/Henry_Roper,_8th_Baron_Teynham" title="Henry Roper, 8th Baron Teynham">Henry Roper, 8th Baron Teynham</a> and second husband of Anne, 16th <a href="/wiki/Baron_Dacre#Barons_Dacre,_first_Creation_(1321)" title="Baron Dacre">Baroness Dacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trevor-Roper "enjoyed (but not too seriously)<span class="nowrap"> </span>... that he was a collateral descendant of <a href="/wiki/William_Roper" title="William Roper">William Roper</a>, the son-in-law and biographer of Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>... as a boy he was aware that only a dozen lives (several of them those of elderly bachelors) separated him from inheriting the Teynham peerage."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trevor-Roper's brother, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Trevor-Roper" title="Patrick Trevor-Roper">Patrick</a>, became a leading <a href="/wiki/Eye_surgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Eye surgeon">eye surgeon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> activist. Trevor-Roper was educated at <a href="/wiki/Belhaven_Hill_School" title="Belhaven Hill School">Belhaven Hill School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_School" title="Charterhouse School">Charterhouse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>, where he read first <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classics</a> (<i>Literae Humaniores</i>) and then <a href="/wiki/Modern_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern History">Modern History</a>. He got a first-class degree in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Moderations" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Moderations">Classical Moderations</a> in 1934 and won the Craven, the Ireland, and the Hertford scholarships in Classics. Initially, both he and his brother<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> intended to make their careers in the Classics, but Hugh became bored with what he regarded as the pedantic technical aspects of the classics course at Oxford and switched to history, where he obtained first-class honours in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst at Oxford, he was a member of the exclusive <a href="/wiki/Stubbs_Society" title="Stubbs Society">Stubbs Society</a> and was initiated as a <a href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemason</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_University_Lodge" title="Apollo University Lodge">Apollo University Lodge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, he moved from Christ Church to <a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton College, Oxford</a> to become a <a href="/wiki/Research_fellow" title="Research fellow">research fellow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WWW_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWW-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-htr_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-htr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first book was a 1940 biography of <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a>, in which he challenged many of the prevailing perceptions surrounding Laud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service_and_the_Second_World_War">Military service and the Second World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service and the Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trevor-Roper was a member of the University of Oxford's <a href="/wiki/Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer Training Corps">Officer Training Corps</a>, reaching the rank of <a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet" title="Officer cadet">officer cadet</a> <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">corporal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LG_10_March_1939_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG_10_March_1939-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 February 1939, he was commissioned in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> with seniority in that rank from 1 October 1938, and attached to cavalry unit of the Oxford University Contingent of the OTC.<sup id="cite_ref-LG_10_March_1939_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG_10_March_1939-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 July 1940, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/War_substantive" class="mw-redirect" title="War substantive">war substantive</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)">lieutenant</a> and transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)">Intelligence Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Army (United Kingdom)">Territorial Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LG_7_March_1941_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG_7_March_1941-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, he served as an officer in the Radio Security Service of the <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Intelligence Service">Secret Intelligence Service</a>, and then on the interception of messages from the German intelligence service, the <i><a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-J._Winter_2007_pp_847_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._Winter_2007_pp_847-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1940, Trevor-Roper and E. W. B. Gill decrypted some of these intercepts, demonstrating the relevance of the material and spurring <a href="/wiki/Bletchley_Park" title="Bletchley Park">Bletchley Park</a> efforts to decrypt the traffic. Intelligence from <i>Abwehr</i> traffic later played an important part in many operations including the <a href="/wiki/Double-Cross_System" title="Double-Cross System">Double-Cross System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He formed a low opinion of most pre-war professional intelligence officers, but a higher one of some of the post-1939 recruits. In <i>The Philby Affair</i> (1968) Trevor-Roper argues that the Soviet spy <a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a> was never in a position to undermine efforts by the chief of the <i>Abwehr</i>, German Military Intelligence, <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Canaris" title="Wilhelm Canaris">Wilhelm Canaris</a>, to overthrow the Nazi regime and negotiate with the British government.<sup id="cite_ref-J._Winter_2007_pp_847_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._Winter_2007_pp_847-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigating_Hitler's_last_days"><span id="Investigating_Hitler.27s_last_days"></span>Investigating Hitler's last days</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Investigating Hitler's last days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1945, Trevor-Roper was ordered by <a href="/wiki/Dick_White" title="Dick White">Dick White</a>, then head of counter-intelligence in the British sector of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, to investigate the circumstances of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf Hitler's death">Adolf Hitler's death</a>, and to rebut the Soviet propaganda that Hitler was alive and living in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using the alias of "Major Oughton", Trevor-Roper interviewed or prepared questions for several officials, high and low, who had been present in the <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Führerbunker">Führerbunker</a></i> with Hitler, and who had been able to escape to the West, including <a href="/wiki/Bernd_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernd von Freytag-Loringhoven">Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the most part Trevor-Roper relied on investigations and interviews by hundreds of British, American and Canadian intelligence officers.<sup id="cite_ref-Parker_2014_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker_2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not have access to Soviet materials. Working rapidly, Trevor-Roper drafted his report, which served as the basis for his most famous book, <i>The Last Days of Hitler</i>, in which he described the last ten days of Hitler's life and the fates of some of the higher-ranking members of the inner circle, as well as those of key lesser figures. Trevor-Roper transformed the evidence into a literary work, with sardonic humour and drama, and was much influenced by the prose styles of two of his favourite historians, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay,_1st_Baron_Macaulay" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay">Lord Macaulay</a>. </p><p>The book was cleared by British officials in 1946 for publication as soon as the war crimes trials ended. It was published in English in 1947; six English editions and many foreign language editions followed.<sup id="cite_ref-Parker_2014_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker_2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to American journalist <a href="/wiki/Ron_Rosenbaum" title="Ron Rosenbaum">Ron Rosenbaum</a>, Trevor-Roper received a letter from Lisbon written in Hebrew stating that the <a href="/wiki/Stern_Gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Stern Gang">Stern Gang</a> would assassinate him for <i>The Last Days of Hitler</i>, which, they believed, portrayed Hitler as a "demoniacal" figure but <a href="/wiki/Myth_of_the_Clean_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Myth of the Clean Wehrmacht">let ordinary Germans who followed Hitler off the hook</a>, and that for this he deserved to die.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosenbaum reports that Trevor-Roper told him this was the most extreme response he had ever received for one of his books.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Anti-communism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1950, Trevor-Roper attended a conference in Berlin of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Communism">anti-Communist</a> intellectuals along with <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Sidney Hook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_J._Lasky" title="Melvin J. Lasky">Melvin J. Lasky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Silone" title="Ignazio Silone">Ignazio Silone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Arthur Koestler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Raymond Aron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Borkenau" title="Franz Borkenau">Franz Borkenau</a> that resulted in the founding of the CIA front group <a href="/wiki/Congress_for_Cultural_Freedom" title="Congress for Cultural Freedom">Congress for Cultural Freedom</a> and its magazine <a href="/wiki/Encounter_(magazine)" title="Encounter (magazine)"><i>Encounter</i></a>. In the 1950s and 1960s, he was a frequent contributor to <i>Encounter</i>, but had reservations about what he regarded as the over-didactic tone of some of its contributors, particularly Koestler and Borkenau.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_debates_and_controversies">Historical debates and controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical debates and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trevor-Roper was famous for his lucid and acerbic writing style. In reviews and essays he could be pitilessly sarcastic, and devastating in his mockery. In attacking <a href="/wiki/Arnold_J._Toynbee" title="Arnold J. Toynbee">Arnold J. Toynbee</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_of_History" title="A Study of History">A Study of History</a></i>, for instance, Trevor-Roper accused Toynbee of regarding himself as a Messiah complete with "the youthful Temptations; the missionary Journeys; the Miracles; the Revelations; the Agony".<sup id="cite_ref-Sisman_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sisman-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Trevor-Roper, the major themes of early modern Europe were its intellectual vitality, and the quarrels between Protestant and Catholic states, the latter being outpaced by the former, economically and constitutionally.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Trevor-Roper's view, another theme of early modern Europe was expansion overseas in the form of colonies and intellectual expansion in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Trevor-Roper's view, the witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries can ultimately be traced back to the conflict between the religious values of the Reformation and the rationalistic approach of what became the Enlightenment.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trevor-Roper argued that <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> should be understood as an art, not a science and that the attribute of a successful historian was imagination.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He viewed history as full of contingency, with the past neither a story of continuous advance nor of continuous decline but the consequence of choices made by individuals at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his studies of early modern Europe, Trevor-Roper did not focus exclusively upon <a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">political history</a> but sought to examine the interaction between the political, <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_history" title="Intellectual history">intellectual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_history" title="Social history">social</a> and religious trends.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His preferred medium of expression was the essay rather than the book. In his essays in social history, written during the 1950s and 1960s, Trevor-Roper was influenced by the work of the French <a href="/wiki/Annales_school" title="Annales school"><i>Annales</i> school</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Braudel" title="Fernand Braudel">Fernand Braudel</a> and did much to introduce the work of the <i>Annales</i> school to the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>. In the 1950s, Trevor-Roper wrote that Braudel and other Annalists were doing much innovative historical work but were "totally excluded from Oxford which remains, in historical matters, a retrograde provincial backwater".<sup id="cite_ref-Ascherson_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ascherson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_Civil_War">English Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: English Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminians</a> was a major, although not the sole, cause of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For him, the dispute was over such issues as free will and predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments; only later did the dispute become a matter of the structure of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Puritans desired a more decentralised and egalitarian church, with an emphasis on the laity, while the Arminians wished for an ordered church with a hierarchy, an emphasis on divine right and salvation through free will.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a historian of early modern Britain, Trevor-Roper was known for his disputes with fellow historians such as <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Stone" title="Lawrence Stone">Lawrence Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hill_(historian)" title="Christopher Hill (historian)">Christopher Hill</a>, whose materialist (and in some measure "inevitablist") explanations of the English Civil War he attacked. Trevor-Roper was a leading player in the historiographical <a href="/wiki/Storm_over_the_gentry" title="Storm over the gentry">storm over the gentry</a> (also known as the <i>Gentry controversy</i>), a dispute with the historians <a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">R. H. Tawney</a> and Stone, about whether the English <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a> were, economically, on the way down or up, in the century before the English Civil War and whether this helped cause that war. </p><p>Stone, Tawney and Hill argued that the gentry were rising economically and that this caused the Civil War. Trevor-Roper argued that while office-holders and lawyers were prospering, the lesser gentry were in decline. A third group of history men around <a href="/wiki/J._H._Hexter" title="J. H. Hexter">J. H. Hexter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Elton" title="Geoffrey Elton">Geoffrey Elton</a>, argued that the causes of the Civil War had nothing to do with the gentry. In 1948, a paper put forward by Stone in support of Tawney's thesis was vigorously attacked by Trevor-Roper, who showed that Stone had exaggerated the debt problems of the Tudor nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also rejected Tawney's theories about the rising gentry and declining nobility, arguing that he was guilty of selective use of evidence and that he misunderstood the statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_and_Hitler">World War II and Hitler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II and Hitler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trevor-Roper attacked the philosophies of history advanced by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_J._Toynbee" title="Arnold J. Toynbee">Arnold J. Toynbee</a> and <a href="/wiki/E._H._Carr" title="E. H. Carr">E. H. Carr</a>, as well as his colleague <a href="/wiki/A._J._P._Taylor" title="A. J. P. Taylor">A. J. P. Taylor</a>'s account of the origins of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Another dispute was with Taylor and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock">Alan Bullock</a> over the question of whether <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> had fixed aims. In the 1950s, Trevor-Roper was ferocious in his criticism of Bullock for his portrayal of Hitler as a "<a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">mountebank</a>" instead of the ideologue Trevor-Roper believed him to be.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Taylor offered a picture of Hitler similar to Bullock's, in his 1961 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Origins_of_the_Second_World_War" title="The Origins of the Second World War">The Origins of the Second World War</a></i>, the debate continued. Another feud was with the novelist and Catholic convert <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Waugh" title="Evelyn Waugh">Evelyn Waugh</a>, who was angered by Trevor-Roper's repeated harsh attacks on the Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Foreign_Policy_(debate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi Foreign Policy (debate)">globalist–continentalist debate</a> between those who argued that Hitler aimed to conquer the world and those who argued that he sought only the conquest of Europe, Trevor-Roper was one of the leading continentalists. He argued that the globalist case sought to turn a scattering of Hitler's remarks made over decades into a plan. In his analysis, the only consistent objective Hitler sought was the domination of Europe, as laid out in <i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American historian <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Dawidowicz" title="Lucy Dawidowicz">Lucy Dawidowicz</a> in <i>The Holocaust and Historians</i> (1981) delivered what the British historian <a href="/wiki/David_Cesarani" title="David Cesarani">David Cesarani</a> called an "<i>ad hominem</i> attack", writing that Trevor-Roper in his writings on Nazi Germany was indifferent to Nazi antisemitism, because she believed that he was a snobbish antisemite, who was apathetic about the murder of six million Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 341">: 341 </span></sup> Cesarani wrote that Dawidowicz was wrong to accuse Trevor-Roper of antisemitism but argued that there was an element of truth to her critique in that the <i>Shoah</i> was a blind-spot for Trevor-Roper.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 342–43">: 342–43 </span></sup> </p><p>Trevor-Roper was a very firm "intentionalist" who treated Hitler as a serious, if slightly deranged thinker who, from 1924 until his death in 1945, was obsessed with "the conquest of Russia, the extermination of the Slavs, and the colonization of the English".<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 345">: 345 </span></sup> In his 1962 essay "The Mind of Adolf Hitler", Trevor-Roper again criticized Bullock, writing "Even Mr. Bullock seems content to regard him as a diabolical adventurer animated solely by an unlimited lust for personal power<span class="nowrap"> </span>... Hitler was a systematic thinker and his mind is, to the historian, as important as the mind of Bismarck or Lenin".<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 346">: 346 </span></sup> Trevor-Roper maintained that Hitler, on the basis of a wide range of antisemitic literature, from the writings of <a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Houston Stewart Chamberlain</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Learned_Elders_of_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion</a></i>, had constructed a racist ideology that called for making Germany the world's greatest power and the extermination of perceived enemies such as the Jews and Slavs.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 346">: 346 </span></sup> </p><p>Trevor-Roper wrote that the mind of Hitler was "a terrible phenomenon, imposing indeed in its granite harshness and yet infinitely squalid in its miscellaneous cumber, like some huge barbarian monolith; the expression of giant strength and savage genius; surrounded by a festering heap of refuse, old tins and vermin, ashes and eggshells and ordure, the intellectual detritus of centuries".<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarani_2008_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarani_2008-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 346">: 346 </span></sup> Cesarani wrote that Trevor-Roper regarded Hitler, in marked contrast to Bullock, as a man who was serious about what he said but at the same time, Trevor-Roper's picture of Hitler as a somewhat insane leader, fanatically pursuing lunatic policies, meant paradoxically that it was hard to take Hitler seriously, at least on the basis of Trevor-Roper's writings.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 345–346">: 345–346 </span></sup> Cesarani stated that Trevor-Roper was sincere in his hatred and contempt for the Nazis and everything they stood for but he had considerable difficulty when it came to writing about the complicity and involvement of traditional German elites in National Socialism, because the traditional elites in Germany were so similar in many ways to the British establishment, which Trevor-Roper identified with so strongly. </p><p>In this respect, Cesarani argued that it was very revealing that Trevor-Roper in <i>The Last Days of Hitler</i> was especially damning in his picture of the German Finance Minister, Count <a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk</a>, who Trevor-Roper noted "had been a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, but he had acquired none of its values".<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 352">: 352 </span></sup> Cesarani wrote "Thus, to Trevor-Roper the values of Oxford University stood at the opposite pole to those of Hitler's Reich, and one reason for the ghastly character of Nazism was that it did not share them".<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 352">: 352 </span></sup> Cesarani noted that while Trevor-Roper supported the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a> and ended his days as a Tory life-peer, he was broadly speaking a liberal and believed that Britain was a great nation because of its liberalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 352–53">: 352–53 </span></sup> Because of this background, Cesarani wrote that Trevor-Roper naturally saw the liberal democracy Britain as anathema to Nazi Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 352–53">: 352–53 </span></sup> Cesarani concluded that "to maintain the illusion of virtuous British liberalism, Hitler had to be depicted as either a statesman like any other or a monster without equal, and those who did business with him as, respectively, pragmatists or dupes. Every current of Nazi society that made it distinctive could be charted, while the anti-Jewish racism that it shared with Britain was discreetly avoided".<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 354">: 354 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_crisis_of_the_17th_century">General crisis of the 17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: General crisis of the 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A notable thesis propagated by Trevor-Roper was the "<a href="/wiki/The_General_Crisis" title="The General Crisis">general crisis of the 17th century</a>". He argued that the middle years of the 17th century in Western Europe saw a widespread break-down in politics, economics and society caused by demographic, social, religious, economic and political problems.<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this "general crisis", various events, such as the English Civil War; <a href="/wiki/The_Fronde" title="The Fronde">The Fronde</a> in France; the climax of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> in Germany; <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">troubles in the Netherlands</a>; and revolts against the Spanish Crown in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portugal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647%E2%80%931648)" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647–1648)">Kingdom of Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reapers%27_War" title="Reapers' War">Catalonia</a>; were all manifestations of the same problems.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most important causes of the "general crisis" in Trevor-Roper's opinion were conflicts between "Court" and "Country"; that is, between the increasingly powerful centralizing, bureaucratic, sovereign princely states, represented by the Court, and the traditional, regional, land-based aristocracy and gentry, representing the country.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, he said that the religious and intellectual changes introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> were important secondary causes of the "general crisis".<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_25-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "general crisis" thesis generated controversy between supporters of this theory, and those, such as the Marxist historian <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a>, who agreed with him that there was a "general crisis", but saw the problems of 17th century Europe as more economic in origin than Trevor-Roper would allow. A third faction denied that there was any "general crisis", for example the Dutch historian Ivo Schöffer, the Danish historian Niels Steensgaard, and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> historian <a href="/wiki/A._D._Lublinskaya" class="mw-redirect" title="A. D. Lublinskaya">A. D. Lublinskaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trevor-Roper's "general crisis" thesis provoked much discussion, and led experts in 17th century history such as <a href="/wiki/Roland_Mousnier" title="Roland Mousnier">Roland Mousnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Huxtable_Elliott" class="mw-redirect" title="John Huxtable Elliott">J. H. Elliott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Stone" title="Lawrence Stone">Lawrence Stone</a>, E. H. Kossmann, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._H._Hexter" title="J. H. Hexter">J. H. Hexter</a> to become advocates of the pros and cons of the theory. </p><p>At times the discussion became quite heated; the Italian Marxist historian Rosario Villari, speaking of the work of Trevor-Roper and Mousnier, claimed that: "The hypothesis of imbalance between bureaucratic expansion and the needs of the state is too vague to be plausible, and rests on inflated rhetoric, typical of a certain type of political conservative, rather than on effective analysis."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Villari accused Trevor-Roper of downgrading the importance of what Villari called the English Revolution (the usual Marxist term for the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>), and insisted that the "general crisis" was part of a Europe-wide revolutionary movement.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Marxist critic of Trevor-Roper, the Soviet historian <a href="/wiki/A._D._Lublinskaya" class="mw-redirect" title="A. D. Lublinskaya">A. D. Lublinskaya</a>, attacked the concept of a conflict between "Court" and "Country" as fiction, arguing there was no "general crisis"; instead she maintained that the so-called "general crisis" was merely the emergence of capitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_World_War">First World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973, Trevor-Roper in the foreword to a book by <a href="/wiki/John_C._G._R%C3%B6hl" title="John C. G. Röhl">John Röhl</a> endorsed the view that Germany was largely responsible for the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trevor-Roper wrote that in his opinion far too many British historians had allowed themselves to be persuaded of the theory that the outbreak of war in 1914 had been the fault of all the great powers.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claimed that this theory had been promoted by the German government's policy of selective publication of documents, aided and abetted by most German historians in a policy of "self-censorship".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He praised Röhl for finding and publishing two previously secret documents that showed German responsibility for the war.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JFK_Assassination">JFK Assassination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: JFK Assassination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trevor-Roper was critical of the official account of the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a>. He voiced his scepticism of the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a> which concluded that a lone gunman by the name of <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> was responsible. In a 3500 word essay published in <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> he said that the commission employed a "smokescreen of often irrelevant material" and "accepted impermissible axioms, constructed invalid arguments, and failed to ask elementary and essential questions".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote the introduction to <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lane_(author)" title="Mark Lane (author)">Mark Lane</a>'s book <a href="/wiki/Rush_to_Judgment" title="Rush to Judgment">Rush to Judgment</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune;_May_23,_1966_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune;_May_23,_1966-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was thanked in the acknowledgements section for being "kind enough to read the manuscript and make suggestions".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backhouse_frauds">Backhouse frauds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Backhouse frauds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973, Trevor-Roper was invited to visit Switzerland to examine a manuscript entitled <i>Décadence Mandchoue</i> written by the <a href="/wiki/Sinology" title="Sinology">sinologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Backhouse,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet">Sir Edmund Backhouse</a> (1873–1944) in a mixture of English, French, Latin and Chinese that had been in the custody of Reinhard Hoeppli, a Swiss diplomat who was the Swiss consul in Beijing during World War II. Hoeppli, given <i>Décadence Mandchoue</i> in 1943 by his friend Backhouse, had been unable to publish it owing to its sexually explicit content. But by 1973 looser censorship and the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights movement">gay rights movement</a> meant a publisher was willing to release <i>Décadence Mandchoue</i> to the market. However, before doing so they wanted Trevor-Roper, who as a former MI6 officer was an expert on clandestine affairs, to examine some of the more outlandish claims contained in the text. </p><p>For an example, Backhouse claimed in <i>Décadence Mandchoue</i> that the wives and daughters of British diplomats in Beijing had trained their dogs and tamed foxes to perform <a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">cunnilingus</a> on them, which the fascistic Backhouse used as evidence of British "decadence", which in turn explained why he was supporting Germany and Japan in the Second World War. Trevor-Roper regarded <i>Décadence Mandchoue</i> with considerable distaste calling the manuscript "pornographic" and "obscene" as Backhouse related in graphic detail sexual encounters he claimed to have had with the French poet <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a>, the Irish playwright <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, Wilde's lover <a href="/wiki/Lord_Alfred_Douglas" title="Lord Alfred Douglas">Lord Alfred Douglas</a>, the French poet <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rimbaud" title="Arthur Rimbaud">Arthur Rimbaud</a>, the Russian ballet dancer <a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Vaslav Nijinsky</a>, the British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Lord Rosebery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi">Empress Dowager Cixi</a> of China whom the openly gay Backhouse had maintained had forced herself on him.<sup id="cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_pages_295_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_pages_295-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Backhouse also claimed to have been the friend of the Russian novelist <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> and the French actress <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bernhardt" title="Sarah Bernhardt">Sarah Bernhardt</a>. For the next two years, Trevor-Roper went on an odyssey that took him all over Britain, France, Switzerland, the United States, Canada and China as he sought to unravel the mystery of just who the elusive Backhouse was. Backhouse had between 1898 and his death in 1944 worked as a sinologist, the business agent for several British and American companies in China, a British spy, gun-runner and translator before finally ending his days in World War II China as a fascist and a Japanese collaborator who wished fervently for an Axis victory which would destroy Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_pages_295_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_pages_295-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trevor-Roper noted that despite Backhouse's homosexuality and Nazi Germany's policy of persecuting homosexuals, Backhouse's intense hatred of his own country together with his sadistic-masochistic sexual needs meant that Backhouse longed to be "ravished and possessed by the brutal, but still perverted masculinity of the fascist <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Führerprinzip</i></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The end result was one of Trevor-Roper's most successful later books, his 1976 biography of Backhouse, originally entitled <i>A Hidden Life</i> but soon republished in Britain and the US as <i>The Hermit of Peking</i>. Backhouse had long been regarded as a world's leading expert on China. In his biography, Trevor-Roper exposed the vast majority of Sir Edmund's life-story and virtually all of his scholarship as a fraud. In <i>Décadence Mandchoue</i>, Backhouse spoke of his efforts to raise money to pay the defence lawyers for Wilde while he was an undergraduate at Oxford. Trevor-Roper established that while Backhouse did indeed raise money for the Wilde defence fund, he spent it all on buying expensive jewellery, especially pearl necklaces, which were a special passion of Backhouse's. It was this embezzlement of the money Backhouse had raised for the Wilde defence fund that led to him fleeing Britain in 1895. The discrediting of Backhouse as a source led to much of China's history being re-written in the West. Backhouse had portrayed Prince <a href="/wiki/Ronglu" title="Ronglu">Ronglu</a> as a friend of the West and an enemy of the Boxers when the opposite was true.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trevor-Roper noted that in the "diary" of Ching Shan, which Backhouse claimed to have looted from Ching's house just before it was burned down by Indian troops in the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>, it has Prince Ronglu saying in French about the government's support of the Boxers: "It was worse than a crime; it was a blunder."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trevor-Roper argued that it was extremely unlikely that Prince Ronglu – who only knew Manchu and Mandarin – would be quoting a well-known French expression, but noted that Backhouse was fluent in French.<sup id="cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Backhouse was fluent in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin language">Mandarin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a>, lived most of his life in Beijing and after moving to China had declined to wear western clothes, preferring instead the gown of a Chinese mandarin, which led most Westerners to assume that Backhouse "knew" China. Trevor-Roper noted that despite his superficial appearance of affection for the Chinese, much of what Backhouse wrote about on China worked subtly to confirm Western "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_Peril" title="Yellow Peril">Yellow Peril</a>" stereotypes, as Backhouse variously depicted the Chinese as pathologically dishonest, sexually perverted, morally corrupt and generally devious and treacherous – in short, Chinese civilization for Backhouse was a deeply sick civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Derek Sandhaus, however, notes that Trevor-Roper did not consult specialists in Chinese affairs, and seems to have read only enough of the text to have been disgusted by its homosexuality.[14] While conceding that Backhouse fabricated or imagined many of these assignations, Sandhaus finds that others are plausible or independently confirmed and he reasons that Backhouse spoke Chinese, Manchu, and Mongolian, the languages of the imperial household, and his account of the atmosphere and customs of the Empress Dowager's court may be more reliable than Trevor-Roper allowed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxford_activities">Oxford activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Oxford activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1960, Trevor-Roper waged a successful campaign against the candidacy of Sir <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Franks">Oliver Franks</a> who was backed by the heads of houses marshalled by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bowra" title="Maurice Bowra">Maurice Bowra</a>, for the Chancellorship of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, helping the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> to be elected instead. In 1964, Trevor-Roper edited a <i><a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">Festschrift</a></i> in honour of his friend Sir <a href="/wiki/Keith_Feiling" title="Keith Feiling">Keith Feiling</a>'s 80th birthday. In 1970, he was the author of <i>The Letters of Mercurius</i>, a satirical work on the student revolts and university politics of the late 1960s, originally published as letters in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debates_on_African_history">Debates on African history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Debates on African history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another aspect of Trevor-Roper's outlook on history and on scholarly research that has inspired controversy is his statement about the historical experiences of pre-literate societies. Following Voltaire's remarks on the fall of the Roman Empire at the hands of barbarian tribes, he asserted that Africa had no history prior to <a href="/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africa" title="European exploration of Africa">European exploration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonization of Africa">colonisation</a>. Trevor-Roper said "there is only the history of Europeans in Africa. The rest is darkness", its past "the unedifying gyrations of barbarous tribes in picturesque but irrelevant corners of the globe".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These comments, recapitulated in a later article which called Africa "unhistoric", spurred intense debate between historians, <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologists</a>, in the emerging fields of <a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">postcolonial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">cultural studies</a> about the definition of "history".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians have argued, in response, that historical myths of the kind perpetrated by Trevor-Roper need to be actively countered: "Only a process of counter-selection can correct this, and African historians have to concentrate on those aspects which were ignored by the disparaging mythologies".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many historians now argue, against Trevor-Roper, that historical evidence should also include <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral traditions</a> as well as any type of <a href="/wiki/Written_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Written history">written history</a>, a former criterion for a society having left "<a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistory</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics of Trevor-Roper's claim have questioned the validity of systematic interpretations of the African past, whether by <a href="/wiki/Historical_materialism" title="Historical materialism">materialist</a>, Annalist or the traditional historical methods used by Trevor-Roper.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some say approaches which compare Africa with Europe or directly integrate it into European history cannot qualify as accurate descriptions of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Africa" title="Culture of Africa">African societies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most scholars of any mettle now agree that Africa has a "history". Despite controversies over historical accuracy in oral records, as in <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots: The Saga of an American Family</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Roots_(1977_miniseries)" title="Roots (1977 miniseries)">popular TV mini-series based on it</a>, many historians believe that African <a href="/wiki/Griot" title="Griot">griots</a>, or oral memoirists, provide a historical oral record.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Hitler_Diaries"_hoax"><span id=".22Hitler_Diaries.22_hoax"></span>"Hitler Diaries" hoax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Hitler Diaries" hoax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nadir" title="Nadir">nadir</a> of his career came in 1983, when as a director of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, Trevor-Roper (by now <a href="/wiki/Baron_Dacre" title="Baron Dacre">Baron Dacre</a> of Glanton) made statements that authenticated the so-called <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Diaries" title="Hitler Diaries">Hitler Diaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others were unsure: holocaust denier <a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a>, for example, initially decried them as forgeries but subsequently changed his mind and declared that they could be genuine, before finally stating that they were a forgery. Historians <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Weinberg" title="Gerhard Weinberg">Gerhard Weinberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_J%C3%A4ckel" title="Eberhard Jäckel">Eberhard Jäckel</a> had also expressed doubt regarding the authenticity of the diaries.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within two weeks, forensic scientist <a href="/wiki/Julius_Grant" title="Julius Grant">Julius Grant</a> demonstrated that the diaries were forgeries. The ensuing fiasco gave Trevor-Roper's enemies the opportunity to criticise him openly, while Trevor-Roper's initial endorsement of the diaries raised questions about his integrity: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>, a newspaper to which he regularly contributed book reviews and of which he was an independent director, had already paid a considerable sum for the right to serialise the diaries if and only if they were genuine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Trevor-Roper explained that he had been given assurances (that turned out to be false) about how the diaries had come into the possession of their "discoverer", and about the age of the paper and ink used in them and of their authenticity. Nonetheless, this incident prompted the satirical magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Private_Eye" title="Private Eye">Private Eye</a></i> to nickname him "Hugh Very-Ropey", "Lord Lucre of Claptout", or more concisely, "Lord Facre". </p><p>Despite the shadow this cast over his later career, he continued to write and publish and his work remained well received.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_as_Master_of_Peterhouse,_Cambridge"><span id="Election_as_Master_of_Peterhouse.2C_Cambridge"></span>Election as Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Election as Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterhouse_Master%27s_Lodge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_615416.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peterhouse_Master%27s_Lodge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_615416.jpg/220px-Peterhouse_Master%27s_Lodge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_615416.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peterhouse_Master%27s_Lodge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_615416.jpg/330px-Peterhouse_Master%27s_Lodge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_615416.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peterhouse_Master%27s_Lodge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_615416.jpg/440px-Peterhouse_Master%27s_Lodge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_615416.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Peterhouse Master's Lodge</figcaption></figure><p> In 1980 at the age of 67, he became <a href="/wiki/Master_(college)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master (college)">Master</a> of <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterhouse">Peterhouse</a>, the oldest and smallest college in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. His election, which surprised his friends, was engineered by a group of fellows led by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cowling" title="Maurice Cowling">Maurice Cowling</a>, then the leading <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse_school_of_history" title="Peterhouse school of history">Peterhouse historian</a>. The fellows chose him because Cowling's reactionary clique thought he would be an arch-conservative who would oppose the admission of women. In the event, Trevor-Roper feuded constantly with Cowling and his allies, while launching a series of administrative reforms. Women were admitted in 1983 at his urging. The British journalist <a href="/wiki/Neal_Ascherson" title="Neal Ascherson">Neal Ascherson</a> summarised the quarrel between Cowling and Trevor-Roper as:</p><blockquote><p>Lord Dacre, far from being a romantic Tory ultra, turned out to be an anti-clerical Whig with a preference for free speech over superstition. He did not find it normal that fellows should wear mourning on the anniversary of General Franco’s death, attend parties in SS uniform or insult black and Jewish guests at high table. For the next seven years, Trevor-Roper battled to suppress the insurgency of the Cowling clique ("a strong mind trapped in its own glutinous frustrations"), and to bring the college back to a condition in which students might actually want to go there. Neither side won this struggle, which soon became a campaign to drive Trevor-Roper out of the college by grotesque rudeness and insubordination.<sup id="cite_ref-Ascherson_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ascherson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> In a review of Adam Sisman's 2010 biography of Trevor-Roper, the <i>Economist</i> wrote that the picture of Peterhouse in the 1980s was "startling", stating the college had become under Cowling's influence a sort of right-wing "lunatic asylum", who were determined to sabotage Trevor-Roper's reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987 he retired complaining of "seven wasted years".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festschrift">Festschrift</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Festschrift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1981 a <a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">Festschrift</a> was published in honour of Trevor-Roper, <i>History and the Imagination</i>. Some of the contributors were <a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Elton" title="Geoffrey Elton">Geoffrey Elton</a>, John Clive, <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Momigliano" title="Arnaldo Momigliano">Arnaldo Momigliano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Yates" title="Frances Yates">Frances Yates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Catto" title="Jeremy Catto">Jeremy Catto</a>, Robert S. Lopez, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard_(historian)" title="Michael Howard (historian)">Michael Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_S._Katz" title="David S. Katz">David S. Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Obolensky" title="Dimitri Obolensky">Dimitri Obolensky</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Huxtable_Elliott" class="mw-redirect" title="John Huxtable Elliott">J. H. Elliott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cobb" title="Richard Cobb">Richard Cobb</a>, Walter Pagel, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lloyd-Jones" title="Hugh Lloyd-Jones">Hugh Lloyd-Jones</a>, Valerie Pearl and <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Braudel" title="Fernand Braudel">Fernand Braudel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The topics contributed by this group of American, British, French, Russian, Italian, Israeli, Canadian and German historians extended from whether the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> was a part of an oral tradition that was later written down, to the question of the responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Jameson_Raid" title="Jameson Raid">Jameson Raid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 October 1954, Trevor-Roper married Lady Alexandra Henrietta Louisa Howard-Johnston (9 March 1907 – 15 August 1997),<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field marshal (United Kingdom)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">The 1st Earl Haig</a> by his wife, the former Hon. Dorothy Maud Vivian. Lady Alexandra was a goddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Queen Alexandra</a> and had previously been married to Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Johnston" title="Clarence Johnston">Clarence Dinsmore Howard-Johnston</a>, by whom she had had three children. There were no children by his marriage with her.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trevor-Roper was made a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> in 1979 on the recommendation of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised to the <a href="/wiki/British_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British honours system">Peerage</a> on 27 September 1979, and was introduced to the House of Lords as <b>Baron Dacre of Glanton</b>, of <a href="/wiki/Glanton" title="Glanton">Glanton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Northumberland" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Northumberland">County of Northumberland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not base his title on his surname, because "double-barrelled titles are an invention, and a monopoly, of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilsonian</a> peers", and "under the rules of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a> either ['Lord Trevor' or 'Lord Roper'] would require him to change his surname to either 'Trevor' or 'Roper.'" On mentioning the family's connection to the Dacre title to his wife, who liked the sound of it, Trevor-Roper was persuaded to opt for the title of "Baron Dacre", despite staunch opposition from the <i>suo jure</i> <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Douglas-Home,_27th_Baroness_Dacre" title="Rachel Douglas-Home, 27th Baroness Dacre">27th Baroness Dacre</a> (née Brand). She had her cousin, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Brand,_6th_Viscount_Hampden" title="Anthony Brand, 6th Viscount Hampden">the 6th Viscount Hampden</a>, "as titular head of the Brand family", inform Trevor-Roper that the Dacre title belonged to the Brand family "and no-one else should breach their monopoly", on the grounds of the title's antiquity of over six centuries. This high-handed treatment strengthened Trevor-Roper's resolve in the face of his initial ambivalence; he observed "why should the Brands be so 'proud', or so jealous, of a mere title<span class="nowrap"> </span>... a gewgaw, which has been bandied intermittently from family to family for six centuries, without tradition or continuity or distinction (except for murder, litigation and extravagance) or, for the last 250 years, land? They only acquired this pretty toy, in 1829, because a <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brand_(junior)" title="Thomas Brand (junior)">Mr Brand</a>, of whom nothing whatever is known, had married into the Trevor-Ropers (who had themselves acquired it by marrying into the Lennards). Now they behave as if they had owned it for six centuries and had a monopoly of it for ever. A fig for their stuffiness!" Notwithstanding objections, Trevor-Roper duly took the title of Baron Dacre of Glanton.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his last years he had suffered from failing eyesight, which made it difficult for him to read and write. He underwent cataract surgery and obtained a magnifying machine, which allowed him to continue writing. In 2002, at the age of 88, Trevor-Roper submitted a sizable article on <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sutton" title="Thomas Sutton">Thomas Sutton</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_School" title="Charterhouse School">Charterhouse School</a>, to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> in part with notes he had written decades earlier, which editor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Harrison_(historian)" title="Brian Harrison (historian)">Brian Harrison</a> praised as "the work of a master". Trevor-Roper suffered several other minor ailments related to his advanced age, but according to his stepson, "bore all his difficulties stoically and without complaint". That year, he was diagnosed with cancer and died on 26 January 2003 in a <a href="/wiki/Hospice_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospice care">hospice</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, aged 89.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumous_books">Posthumous books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Posthumous books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five books by Trevor-Roper were published posthumously. The first was <i>Letters from Oxford</i>, a collection of letters written by Trevor-Roper between 1947 and 1959 to his close friend the American art collector <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Berenson" title="Bernard Berenson">Bernard Berenson</a>. The second book was 2006's <i>Europe’s Physician</i>, a biography of Sir <a href="/wiki/Theodore_de_Mayerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore de Mayerne">Theodore de Mayerne</a>, the Franco-Swiss court physician to <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henri IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>. The latter work was largely completed by 1979, but for unknown reasons was not finished. </p><p>The third book was <i>The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History</i>, a critique written in the mid-1970s of what Trevor-Roper regarded as the myths of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish nationalism</a>. It was published in 2008. The fourth book collecting together some of his essays on <i>History and the Enlightenment: Eighteenth Century Essays</i> was published in 2010. The fifth book was <i>The Wartime Journals</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Davenport-Hines" title="Richard Davenport-Hines">Richard Davenport-Hines</a>, published in 2011. <i>The Wartime Journals</i> are from the journals that Trevor-Roper kept during his years in the Secret Intelligence Service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Archbishop Laud, 1573–1645</i>, 1940.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastdaysofhitler00trev">The Last Days of Hitler</a></i>, 1947 (revised editions followed, until the last in 1995)</li> <li>"The Elizabethan Aristocracy: An Anatomy Anatomized," <i>Economic History Review</i> (1951) 3 No 3 pp. 279–298 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2599988">in JSTOR</a></li> <li><i>Secret Conversations, 1941–1944</i> (published later as <i><a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Table_Talk" title="Hitler's Table Talk">Hitler's Table Talk, 1941–1944</a></i>), 1953.</li> <li><i>Historical Essays</i>, 1957 (published in the United States in 1958 as <i>Men and Events</i>).</li> <li>"The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century", <i>Past and Present</i>, Volume 16, 1959 pp. 31–64.</li> <li>"Hitlers Kriegsziele", in <i>Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitsgeschichte</i>, Volume 8, 1960 pp. 121–133, translated into English as "Hitler's War Aims" pages 235–250 from <i>Aspects of the Third Reich</i> edited by H.W. Koch, London: Macmillan Ltd, 1985.</li> <li>"A. J. P. Taylor, Hitler and the War", <i>Encounter</i>, Volume 17, July 1961 pp. 86–96.</li> <li>"E. H. Carr's Success Story", <i>Encounter</i>, Volume 84, Issue No 104, 1962 pp. 69–77.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlerswardirect0000germ">Blitzkrieg to Defeat: Hitler's War Directives, 1939–1945</a></i>, 1964, 1965.</li> <li><i>Essays in British history presented to Sir Keith Feiling</i> edited by H.R. Trevor-Roper; with a foreword by Lord David Cecil (1964)</li> <li><i>The Rise of Christian Europe</i> (History of European Civilization series), 1965.</li> <li><i>Hitler's Place in History</i>, 1965.</li> <li><i>The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: Religion, the Reformation, and Social Change, and Other Essays</i>, 1967.</li> <li><i>The Age of Expansion, Europe and the World, 1559–1600</i>, edited by Hugh Trevor-Roper, 1968.</li> <li><i>The Philby Affair: Espionage, Treason and Secret Services</i>, 1968.</li> <li><i>The Romantic Movement and the Study of History: the John Coffin memorial lecture delivered before the University of London on 17 February 1969</i>, 1969.</li> <li><i>The European Witch-Craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries</i>, 1969</li> <li><i>The Plunder of the Arts in the Seventeenth Century</i>, 1970.</li> <li><i>The Letters of Mercurius</i>, 1970. (London: John Murray)</li> <li><i>Queen Elizabeth's First Historian: William Camden and the Beginning of English "Civil History",</i> 1971.</li> <li>"Fernand Braudel, the <i>Annales</i>, and the Mediterranean," <i>The Journal of Modern History</i> Vol. 44, No. 4, December 1972</li> <li>"Foreword" pages 9–16 from <i>1914: Delusion or Design The Testimony of Two German Diplomats</i> edited by John Röhl, 1973.</li> <li><i>A Hidden Life: The Enigma of Sir Edmund Backhouse</i> (published in the US, and in later <a href="/wiki/Eland_Books" title="Eland Books">Eland</a> editions in the UK, as <i>The Hermit of Peking: The Hidden Life of Sir Edmund Backhouse</i>), 1976.</li> <li><i>Princes and Artists: Patronage and Ideology at Four Habsburg Courts, 1517–1633</i>, 1976.</li> <li><i>History and Imagination: A Valedictory Lecture Delivered before the University of Oxford on 20 May 1980</i>, 1980.</li> <li><i>Renaissance Essays</i>, 1985.</li> <li><i>Catholics, Anglicans and Puritans: Seventeenth Century Essays</i>, 1987.</li> <li><i>The Golden Age of Europe: From Elizabeth I to the Sun King</i>, edited by Hugh Trevor-Roper, 1987.</li> <li><i>From Counter-Reformation to Glorious Revolution</i>, 1992.</li> <li><i>Edward Gibbon – The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</i>, vol. 1 introduction (London: Everyman's Library, 1993).</li> <li><i>Letters from Oxford: Hugh Trevor-Roper to Bernard Berenson</i>. Edited by Richard Davenport-Hines. L.: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-85084-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-85084-9">0-297-85084-9</a>.</li> <li><i>Europe’s Physician: The Various Life of Sir Theodore De Mayerne</i>, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-11263-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-11263-7">0-300-11263-7</a>.</li> <li><i>The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History</i>, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-13686-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-13686-2">0-300-13686-2</a></li> <li><i>History and the Enlightenment: Eighteenth Century Essays</i>, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-13934-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-13934-9">0-300-13934-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i> Letters from Oxford: Hugh Trevor-Roper to Bernard Berenson</i> edited by Richard Davenport-Hines (2007)</li> <li><i>My Dear Hugh: Letters from Richard Cobb to Hugh Trevor-Roper and Others</i> edited by Tim Heald (2011) [NB does not contain any letters written by Trevor-Roper]</li> <li><i>One Hundred Letters From Hugh Trevor-Roper,</i> edited by Richard Davenport-Hines, and Adam Sisman (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/One-Hundred-Letters-Hugh-Trevor-Roper-ebook/dp/B00HRTLDWQ/">except and text search</a> Corrected paperback edition, 2015.</li> <li><i>The Wartime Journals: Hugh Trevor-Roper</i>, Edited by Richard Davenport-Hines, 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84885-990-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84885-990-2">1-84885-990-2</a>. Corrected paperback edition, 2015.</li> <li>Dacre made an <a href="/wiki/After_Dark_(TV_programme)#Tony_Benn_and_"Out_of_Bounds"" title="After Dark (TV programme)">extended appearance</a> on the television programme <i><a href="/wiki/After_Dark_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="After Dark (TV series)">After Dark</a></i> in 1989<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_by_or_about_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books by or about Adolf Hitler">List of books by or about Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Historiography of the United Kingdom">Historiography of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted at Adam Sisman, <i>Hugh Trevor-Roper</i> (2010) p. 414</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam Sisman, <i>Hugh Trevor-Roper</i> (2010) p. 375</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrahairMiller2013" class="citation book cs1">Trahair, R. C. S.; Miller, Robert L. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g3LtFS3rl9MC&pg=PA399"><i>Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations</i></a>. Enigma Books. p. 399. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781936274253" title="Special:BookSources/9781936274253"><bdi>9781936274253</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Cold+War+Espionage%2C+Spies%2C+and+Secret+Operations&rft.pages=399&rft.pub=Enigma+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781936274253&rft.aulast=Trahair&rft.aufirst=R.+C.+S.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg3LtFS3rl9MC%26pg%3DPA399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Biography</i>, Adam Sisman, Hachette, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>One Hundred Letters from Hugh Trevor-Roper</i>, ed. Richard Davenport-Hines, Adam Sisman, Oxford University Press, Introduction</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond2004" class="citation journal cs1">Richmond, Caroline (8 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC406337/">"Patrick Trevor-Roper"</a>. <i>British Medical Journal</i>. <b>328</b> (7448). Supplementary Material (Longer Version). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-8138">0959-8138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Patrick+Trevor-Roper&rft.volume=328&rft.issue=7448&rft.pages=Supplementary+Material+%28Longer+Version%29&rft.date=2004-05-08&rft.issn=0959-8138&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC406337%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeran2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Beran, Michael Knox (30 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709172943/http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-beran013103.asp">"H. R. Trevor-Roper, R.I.P."</a> <i>National Review</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-beran013103.asp">the original</a> on 9 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=H.+R.+Trevor-Roper%2C+R.I.P.&rft.date=2003-01-30&rft.aulast=Beran&rft.aufirst=Michael+Knox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fcomment%2Fcomment-beran013103.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrookDaniel2019" class="citation book cs1">Crook, Joe Mordaunt; Daniel, James W. (2019). <i>Oxford Freemasons: A Social History of the Apollo University Lodge</i> (First ed.). Oxford: Bodleian Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851244676" title="Special:BookSources/9781851244676"><bdi>9781851244676</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Freemasons%3A+A+Social+History+of+the+Apollo+University+Lodge&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Bodleian+Library&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781851244676&rft.aulast=Crook&rft.aufirst=Joe+Mordaunt&rft.au=Daniel%2C+James+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bodleianshop.co.uk/products/oxford-freemasons">"Oxford Freemasons"</a>. Bodleian Libraries Shop<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+Freemasons&rft.pub=Bodleian+Libraries+Shop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbodleianshop.co.uk%2Fproducts%2Foxford-freemasons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWW-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWW_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U12709">"Dacre of Glanton, Baron, (Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper) (1914–26 Jan. 2003)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Was_Who" class="mw-redirect" title="Who Was Who">Who Was Who</a></i>. Oxford University Press. 1 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who+Was+Who&rft.atitle=Dacre+of+Glanton%2C+Baron%2C+%28Hugh+Redwald+Trevor-Roper%29+%281914%E2%80%9326+Jan.+2003%29&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU12709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1420131/Lord-Dacre-of-Glanton.html">"Lord Dacre of Glanton"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i> (obituary). 27 January 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Lord+Dacre+of+Glanton&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1420131%2FLord-Dacre-of-Glanton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-htr-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-htr_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Sisman2012" class="citation book cs1">Adam Sisman (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x9DuYfKwAugC&pg=PT380"><i>Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Biography</i></a>. pp. 12–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0297858560" title="Special:BookSources/978-0297858560"><bdi>978-0297858560</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hugh+Trevor-Roper%3A+The+Biography&rft.pages=12-15&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0297858560&rft.au=Adam+Sisman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx9DuYfKwAugC%26pg%3DPT380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|newspaper=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_10_March_1939-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LG_10_March_1939_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LG_10_March_1939_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette34606" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34606/page/1640">"No. 34606"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 10 March 1939. p. 1640.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+34606&rft.pages=1640&rft.date=1939-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F34606%2Fpage%2F1640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_7_March_1941-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LG_7_March_1941_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette35099" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35099/supplement/1436">"No. 35099"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 7 March 1941. p. 1436.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+35099&rft.pages=1436&rft.date=1941-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F35099%2Fsupplement%2F1436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J._Winter_2007_pp_847-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J._Winter_2007_pp_847_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J._Winter_2007_pp_847_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. R. J. Winter, "A Higher Form of Intelligence: Hugh Trevor-Roper and Wartime British Secret Service," <i>Intelligence & National Security</i> (Dec 2007), 22#6 pp 847–880,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatey2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Batey" title="Keith Batey">Batey, Keith</a> (2011). "Chapter 17: How Dilly Knox and His Girls Broke the Abwehr Enigma". In Erskine, Ralph; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(newspaper_reporter)" title="Michael Smith (newspaper reporter)">Smith, Michael</a> (eds.). <i>The Bletchley Park Codebreakers</i>. Biteback Publishing. pp. 35–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1849540780" title="Special:BookSources/978-1849540780"><bdi>978-1849540780</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+17%3A+How+Dilly+Knox+and+His+Girls+Broke+the+Abwehr+Enigma&rft.btitle=The+Bletchley+Park+Codebreakers&rft.pages=35-39&rft.pub=Biteback+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1849540780&rft.aulast=Batey&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span> (Updated and extended version of <i>Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer</i> Bantam Press 2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MI5 Security Service (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/about-us/who-we-are/mi5-history/world-war-ii/hitlers-last-days.html">Hitler's last days</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>In The Bunker with Hitler</i> – Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven with Francois d' Alancon – Weidenfeld & Nicolson/Orion Books – 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-84555-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-84555-1">0-297-84555-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parker_2014-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parker_2014_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parker_2014_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rosenbaum,_Ron" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenbaum, Ron">Rosenbaum, Ron</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hitler:_The_Search_for_the_Origins_of_His_Evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil">Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil</a></i>, (1999) page 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosenbaum, Ron <i>Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil</i>, (1999) pp. 63 & 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DXdAispMpXwC&pg=PA278"><i>An Honourable Englishman: The Life of Hugh Trevor-Roper</i></a>. Random House of Canada. 2011. pp. 278–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400069767" title="Special:BookSources/9781400069767"><bdi>9781400069767</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Honourable+Englishman%3A+The+Life+of+Hugh+Trevor-Roper&rft.pages=278-9&rft.pub=Random+House+of+Canada&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781400069767&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDXdAispMpXwC%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sisman-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sisman_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sisman, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-robinson-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinson_25-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Robinson, Kristen (1999). "Trevor-Roper, Hugh". In Kelly Boyd (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing</i>. Vol. 2. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 1024–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-33-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-33-8"><bdi>1-884964-33-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trevor-Roper%2C+Hugh&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Historians+and+Historical+Writing&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1024-5&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-884964-33-8&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ascherson-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ascherson_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ascherson_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAscherson2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Ascherson, Neal (19 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v32/n16/neal-ascherson/liquidator">"The Liquidator"</a>. <i>London Review of Books</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Liquidator&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.aulast=Ascherson&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv32%2Fn16%2Fneal-ascherson%2Fliquidator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, Kenneth "Tawney, R.H." pages 1172–1173 from <i>The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing</i> page 1173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. R. Trevor-Roper, "The Elizabethan Aristocracy: An Anatomy Anatomized," <i>Economic History Review</i> (1951) 3#3 pp. 279–298 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2599988">in JSTOR</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRon_Rosenbaum2011" class="citation book cs1">Ron Rosenbaum (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f6MmCEzVs6oC&pg=PT118"><i>Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil</i></a>. Faber and Faber. pp. 118–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780571276868" title="Special:BookSources/9780571276868"><bdi>9780571276868</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explaining+Hitler%3A+The+Search+for+the+Origins+of+His+Evil&rft.pages=118-19&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780571276868&rft.au=Ron+Rosenbaum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df6MmCEzVs6oC%26pg%3DPT118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sisman, (2010) pp 178, 261, 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2012" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Stephen J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gLXkGLDxSkAC&pg=PA242"><i>European Dictatorships 1918–1945</i></a>. Routledge. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135690113" title="Special:BookSources/9781135690113"><bdi>9781135690113</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Dictatorships+1918%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781135690113&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgLXkGLDxSkAC%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cesarini_2008-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cesarini_2008_32-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCesarani2008" class="citation book cs1">Cesarani, David (2008). "From Bullock to Kershaw: Some Peculiarities of British Historical Writing About the Nazi Persecution and Mass Murder of the Jews". In Bankier, David; Michman, Dan (eds.). <i>Holocaust Historiography In Context</i>. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem. pp. 339–354.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Bullock+to+Kershaw%3A+Some+Peculiarities+of+British+Historical+Writing+About+the+Nazi+Persecution+and+Mass+Murder+of+the+Jews&rft.btitle=Holocaust+Historiography+In+Context&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=339-354&rft.pub=Yad+Vashem&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Cesarani&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cesarani_2008-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cesarani_2008_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Cesarani 2008</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabb, Theodore K., <i>The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, page 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabb, Theodore K., <i>The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, pages 20–21 & 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabb, Theodore K., <i>The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, page 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabb, Theodore K., <i>The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, pages 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabb, Theodore K., <i>The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, page 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Foreword" to <i>1914: Delusion or Design?</i> page 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Foreword" to <i>1914: Delusion or Design?</i> page 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Foreword" to <i>1914: Delusion or Design?</i> pages 9–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Foreword" to <i>1914: Delusion or Design?</i> pages 13–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/14/archives/briton-questions-warren-findings-historian-calls-the-kennedy-death.html">"BRITON QUESTIONS WARREN FINDINGS; Historian Calls the Kennedy Death Report 'Suspect'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 14 December 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BRITON+QUESTIONS+WARREN+FINDINGS%3B+Historian+Calls+the+Kennedy+Death+Report+%E2%80%98Suspect%E2%80%99&rft.date=1964-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F12%2F14%2Farchives%2Fbriton-questions-warren-findings-historian-calls-the-kennedy-death.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chicago_Tribune;_May_23,_1966-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune;_May_23,_1966_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassidy1966" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Cassidy" title="Claudia Cassidy">Cassidy, Claudi</a> (23 May 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1966/05/23/page/47/article/on-the-aisle">"On the Aisle: Preview of Mark Lane's 'Rush to Judgment,' In Inquiry into the Evidence's Other Side"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Section 2, p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=On+the+Aisle%3A+Preview+of+Mark+Lane%27s+%27Rush+to+Judgment%2C%27+In+Inquiry+into+the+Evidence%27s+Other+Side&rft.pages=Section+2%2C+p.+5&rft.date=1966-05-23&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.aufirst=Claudi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1966%2F05%2F23%2Fpage%2F47%2Farticle%2Fon-the-aisle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane1992" class="citation book cs1">Lane, Mark (1992). <i>Rush to Judgment</i>. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rush+to+Judgment&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_pages_295-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_pages_295_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_pages_295_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor-Roper, Hugh <i>The Hermit of Peking</i>, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976 pages 295–296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor-Roper, Hugh, <i>The Hermit of Peking</i>, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976, page 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor-Roper, Hugh, <i>The Hermit of Peking</i>, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976, page 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">"C'est pire qu'un crime, c'est une faute." Commonly attributed to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a>, more likely spoken by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Fouché</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trevor-Roper,_Hugh_page_203_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor-Roper, Hugh, <i>The Hermit of Peking</i>, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976, page 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standpointmag.co.uk/node/380/full">"Guest Speaker: Nigel Lawson"</a>. <i>Standpoint</i>. August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Standpoint&rft.atitle=Guest+Speaker%3A+Nigel+Lawson&rft.date=2008-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandpointmag.co.uk%2Fnode%2F380%2Ffull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"What's New About African History?" John Edward Philips, History News Network, 6 April 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor-Roper1965" class="citation book cs1">Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/riseofchristiane0000hugh_c2c1"><i>The Rise of Christian Europe</i></a>. Harcourt, Brace & World – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Christian+Europe&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+World&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Trevor-Roper&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseofchristiane0000hugh_c2c1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor-Roper1969" class="citation journal cs1">Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1969). "The Past and Present: History and Sociology". <i>Past and Present</i>. <b>42</b>: 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+and+Present&rft.atitle=The+Past+and+Present%3A+History+and+Sociology&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Trevor-Roper&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1973" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, R. Hunt (1973). "Interpreting the Colonial Period in African History". <i>African Affairs</i>. <b>72</b> (289): 383–400.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Affairs&rft.atitle=Interpreting+the+Colonial+Period+in+African+History&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=289&rft.pages=383-400&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R.+Hunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeveneaux1978" class="citation journal cs1">Deveneaux, Gus (1978). "The Frontier in Recent African History". <i>The International Journal of African Studies</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 63–85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Frontier+in+Recent+African+History&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-85&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Deveneaux&rft.aufirst=Gus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrech1991" class="citation journal cs1">Krech, Shepard III (1991). "The State of Ethnohistory". <i>Annual Review of Anthropology</i>. <b>20</b>: 345.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Ethnohistory&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=345&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Krech&rft.aufirst=Shepard+III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazrui1969" class="citation journal cs1">Mazrui, Ali A. (1969). "European Exploration and Africa's Self-Discovery". <i>The Journal of Modern African Studies</i>. <b>7</b> (4): 661–676. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022278X00018887">10.1017/S0022278X00018887</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/159156">159156</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145062805">145062805</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=European+Exploration+and+Africa%27s+Self-Discovery&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=661-676&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145062805%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F159156%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022278X00018887&rft.aulast=Mazrui&rft.aufirst=Ali+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWylie1973" class="citation journal cs1">Wylie, Kenneth C. (1973). "The Uses and Misuses of Ethnohistory". <i>Journal of Interdisciplinary History</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 707–720.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+History&rft.atitle=The+Uses+and+Misuses+of+Ethnohistory&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=707-720&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Wylie&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGailey1989" class="citation journal cs1">Gailey, Alan (1989). "The Nature of Tradition". <i>Folklore</i>. <b>100</b> (2): 143–161.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folklore&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+Tradition&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=143-161&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Gailey&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deveneaux, 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMount2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Mount, Ferdinand (2006). "The Voltaire of St Aldates". <i>The Spectator</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=The+Voltaire+of+St+Aldates&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFugelstad1992" class="citation journal cs1">Fugelstad, Finn (1992). "The Trevor-Roper Trap or the Imperialism of History. An Essay". <i>History in Africa</i>. <b>19</b>: 309–326.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+in+Africa&rft.atitle=The+Trevor-Roper+Trap+or+the+Imperialism+of+History.+An+Essay&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=309-326&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Fugelstad&rft.aufirst=Finn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRwodzi" class="citation journal cs1">Rwodzi, Aaron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38081422/Historiography_of_oral_traditions">"Historiography of oral traditions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Historiography+of+oral+traditions&rft.aulast=Rwodzi&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38081422%2FHistoriography_of_oral_traditions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1986" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Robert (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sellinghitler00harr"><i>Selling Hitler: The Extraordinary Story of the Con Job of the Century – The Faking of the Hitler "Diaries"</i></a></span>. New York: Pantheon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780394553368" title="Special:BookSources/9780394553368"><bdi>9780394553368</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Hitler%3A+The+Extraordinary+Story+of+the+Con+Job+of+the+Century+%E2%80%93+The+Faking+of+the+Hitler+%22Diaries%22&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Pantheon&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780394553368&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsellinghitler00harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard J. Evans, <i>Telling Lies About Hitler: The Holocaust, History and the David Irving Trial</i> (London, 2002), p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rowse and Trevor-Roper defined</i>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Adamson" title="Donald Adamson">Donald Adamson</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101141837/http://www.theroselandinstitute.co.uk/html/cornish_banner_publications_14.html">"The Cornish Banner"</a>. August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theroselandinstitute.co.uk/html/cornish_banner_publications_14.html">the original</a> on 1 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cornish+Banner&rft.date=2014-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theroselandinstitute.co.uk%2Fhtml%2Fcornish_banner_publications_14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/16636401">"Not so ropey"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 22 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Not+so+ropey&rft.date=2010-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F16636401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sisman, pp 483, 487, 490, 493, 506, 558, 562</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd-Jones, Hugh & Pearl, Valerie <i>History & the Imagination</i>, New York: Holmes & Meier, 1981 page vii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd-Jones, Hugh & Pearl, Valerie <i>History & the Imagination</i>, New York: Holmes & Meier, 1981 pages viii–ix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp17057/lady-alexandra-henrietta-louisa-haig-later-alexandra-trevor-roper-lady-dacre">"Lady Alexandra Henrietta Louisa Haig (later Alexandra Trevor-Roper, Lady Dacre) (1907–1997), Wife of Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre; daughter of Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig"</a>. National Portrait Gallery.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lady+Alexandra+Henrietta+Louisa+Haig+%28later+Alexandra+Trevor-Roper%2C+Lady+Dacre%29+%281907%E2%80%931997%29%2C+Wife+of+Hugh+Trevor-Roper%2C+Baron+Dacre%3B+daughter+of+Douglas+Haig%2C+1st+Earl+Haig&rft.pub=National+Portrait+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npg.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%2Fperson%2Fmp17057%2Flady-alexandra-henrietta-louisa-haig-later-alexandra-trevor-roper-lady-dacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jan/27/guardianobituaries.booksobituaries">"Obituary: Lord Dacre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. 27 January 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Lord+Dacre&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2Fjan%2F27%2Fguardianobituaries.booksobituaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette47968" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/47968/page/12353">"No. 47968"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 2 October 1979. p. 12353.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+47968&rft.pages=12353&rft.date=1979-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F47968%2Fpage%2F12353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>One Hundred Letters from Hugh Trevor-Roper</i>, ed. Richard Davenport-Hines, Adam Sisman, Oxford University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox_Beran2003" class="citation news cs1">Knox Beran, Michael (31 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/205716/h-r-trevor-roper-r-i-p/michael-knox-beran">"H. R. Trevor-Roper, R.I.P. – Michael Knox Beran – National Review Online"</a>. <i>nationalreview.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nationalreview.com&rft.atitle=H.+R.+Trevor-Roper%2C+R.I.P.+%E2%80%93+Michael+Knox+Beran+%E2%80%93+National+Review+Online&rft.date=2003-01-31&rft.aulast=Knox+Beran&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Farticles%2F205716%2Fh-r-trevor-roper-r-i-p%2Fmichael-knox-beran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/List_of_After_Dark_editions#Series_3" title="List of After Dark editions">List of After Dark editions</a> (Series 3, episode 1, 13 May 1989 <i>Out of Bounds</i>)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAscherson2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neal_Ascherson" title="Neal Ascherson">Ascherson, Neal</a> (19 August 2010). "Liquidator". <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i>. <b>32</b> (16): 10–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Liquidator&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=10-12&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.aulast=Ascherson&rft.aufirst=Neal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas2014" class="citation journal cs1">Douglas, Sarah K. (January 2014). "The Search for Hitler: Hugh Trevor-Roper, Humphrey Serle and the Last Days of Hitler: Text". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Military_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Military History">Journal of Military History</a></i>. <b>78</b> (1): 165–210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=The+Search+for+Hitler%3A+Hugh+Trevor-Roper%2C+Humphrey+Serle+and+the+Last+Days+of+Hitler%3A+Text&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=165-210&rft.date=2014-01&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Sarah+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2014" class="citation journal cs1">Parker, Geoffrey (January 2014). "The Search for Hitler: Hugh Trevor-Roper, Humphrey Serle, and the Last Days of Hitler: Prologue". <i>Journal of Military History</i>. <b>78</b> (1): 159–64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=The+Search+for+Hitler%3A+Hugh+Trevor-Roper%2C+Humphrey+Serle%2C+and+the+Last+Days+of+Hitler%3A+Prologue&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=159-64&rft.date=2014-01&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd-Jones1981" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (1981). Pearl, Valerie; <a href="/wiki/Blair_Worden" title="Blair Worden">Worden, Blair</a> (eds.). <i>History and Imagination: Essays in Honor of H. R. Trevor-Roper</i>. London: Duckworth.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Imagination%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+H.+R.+Trevor-Roper&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Lloyd-Jones&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalloch2015" class="citation journal cs1">Malloch, S. J. V. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34153/1/Final%20text%20Malloch%20HTR%20classicism.pdf">"The Classicism of Hugh Trevor-Roper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cambridge Classical Journal</i>. <b>61</b>: 29–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1750270515000068">10.1017/S1750270515000068</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171147489">171147489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Classical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Classicism+of+Hugh+Trevor-Roper&rft.volume=61&rft.pages=29-61&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1750270515000068&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171147489%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Malloch&rft.aufirst=S.+J.+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.nottingham.ac.uk%2F34153%2F1%2FFinal%2520text%2520Malloch%2520HTR%2520classicism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabb1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_K._Rabb" title="Theodore K. Rabb">Rabb, Theodore</a> (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/struggleforstabi03rabb"><i>The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195019563" title="Special:BookSources/0195019563"><bdi>0195019563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+for+Stability+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0195019563&rft.aulast=Rabb&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstruggleforstabi03rabb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Robinson, Kristen (1999). "Trevor-Roper, Hugh". In Boyd, Kelly (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing</i>. Vol. 2 M–Z. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 1204–1205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-33-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-33-8"><bdi>1-884964-33-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trevor-Roper%2C+Hugh&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Historians+and+Historical+Writing&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1204-1205&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-884964-33-8&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Rosenbaum" title="Ron Rosenbaum">Rosenbaum, Ron</a> (1998). <a href="/wiki/Explaining_Hitler:_The_Search_for_the_Origins_of_His_Evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil"><i>Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil</i></a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-43151-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-43151-9"><bdi>0-679-43151-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explaining+Hitler%3A+The+Search+for+the+Origins+of+His+Evil&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-679-43151-9&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaleh1958" class="citation book cs1">Saleh, Zaki (1958). <i>Trevor-Roper's Critique of Arnold Toynbee: A Symptom of Intellectual Chaos</i>. Baghdad: Al-Ma'eref Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trevor-Roper%27s+Critique+of+Arnold+Toynbee%3A+A+Symptom+of+Intellectual+Chaos&rft.place=Baghdad&rft.pub=Al-Ma%27eref+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Saleh&rft.aufirst=Zaki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisman2010" class="citation book cs1">Sisman, Adam (2010). <i>Hugh Trevor-Roper</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85214-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85214-8"><bdi>978-0-297-85214-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hugh+Trevor-Roper&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-297-85214-8&rft.aulast=Sisman&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span>; published in North America as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisman2011" class="citation book cs1">Sisman, Adam (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DXdAispMpXwC"><i>An Honourable Englishman: The Life of Hugh Trevor-Roper</i></a>. Random House of Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400069767" title="Special:BookSources/9781400069767"><bdi>9781400069767</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Honourable+Englishman%3A+The+Life+of+Hugh+Trevor-Roper&rft.pub=Random+House+of+Canada&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781400069767&rft.aulast=Sisman&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDXdAispMpXwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter2007" class="citation journal cs1">Winter, P. R. (December 2007). "A Higher Form of Intelligence: Hugh Trevor-Roper and Wartime British Secret Service". <i><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_National_Security" title="Intelligence and National Security">Intelligence and National Security</a></i>. <b>22</b> (6): 847–880. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02684520701770642">10.1080/02684520701770642</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145567507">145567507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intelligence+and+National+Security&rft.atitle=A+Higher+Form+of+Intelligence%3A+Hugh+Trevor-Roper+and+Wartime+British+Secret+Service&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=847-880&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02684520701770642&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145567507%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Discussion of H. R. Trevor-Roper: "The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century" pages 8–42 from <i><a href="/wiki/Past_%26_Present_(journal)" title="Past & Present (journal)">Past and Present</a></i>, No. 18, November 1960 with contributions from <a href="/wiki/Roland_Mousnier" title="Roland Mousnier">Roland Mousnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._H._Elliott" title="J. H. Elliott">J. H. Elliott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Stone" title="Lawrence Stone">Lawrence Stone</a>, H. R. Trevor-Roper, <a href="/wiki/E._H._Kossmann" class="mw-redirect" title="E. H. Kossmann">E. H. Kossmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._J._Hobsbawm" class="mw-redirect" title="E. J. Hobsbawm">E. J. Hobsbawm</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._H._Hexter" title="J. H. Hexter">J. H. Hexter</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastings2015" class="citation book cs1">Hastings, Max (2015). <i>The Secret War: Spies, Codes and Guerrillas 1939–1945</i> (Paperback ed.). London: William Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-750374-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-750374-2"><bdi>978-0-00-750374-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+War%3A+Spies%2C+Codes+and+Guerrillas+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=William+Collins&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-00-750374-2&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Watson, George (Fall 2010). "The Trope Hugh Trevor-Roper". <i>The Sewanee Review</i>. <b>118</b> (4): 608–617. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsew.2010.0043">10.1353/sew.2010.0043</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40927521">40927521</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161585485">161585485</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sewanee+Review&rft.atitle=The+Trope+Hugh+Trevor-Roper&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=608-617&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161585485%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40927521%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsew.2010.0043&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>About Trevor-Roper</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp05218">Portraits of Hugh Trevor-Roper</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335087#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li>Michael Knox Beran: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-beran013103.asp">H. R. Trevor-Roper, R.I.P</a>, nationalreview.com, 31 January 2003.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1420131/Lord-Dacre-of-Glanton.html">"Lord Dacre of Glanton"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. 26 January 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Lord+Dacre+of+Glanton&rft.date=2003-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1420131%2FLord-Dacre-of-Glanton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Barnard, T. (Faculty of History, University of Oxford) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/alumni/oxhistorian/issue_1/09_obituaries.htm">Obituary</a>, <i>History Faculty Alumni Newsletter</i>, No. 1, April 2003.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2696001.stm">"Obituary"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 January 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Obituary&rft.date=2003-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F2696001.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWordern2003" class="citation news cs1">Wordern, Blair (27 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,882944,00.html">"Obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft.aulast=Wordern&rft.aufirst=Blair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fobituaries%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C882944%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span> (there are several discrepancies between these sources)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvester2006" class="citation news cs1">Silvester, Christopher (16 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202170933/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2102-2264598.html">"Review of 'Letters from Oxford', a new edited collection of Trevor-Roper's correspondence with Bernard Berenson in the 1950s"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2102-2264598.html">the original</a> on 2 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Review+of+%27Letters+from+Oxford%27%2C+a+new+edited+collection+of+Trevor-Roper%27s+correspondence+with+Bernard+Berenson+in+the+1950s&rft.date=2006-07-16&rft.aulast=Silvester&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C2102-2264598.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByers2003" class="citation news cs1">Byers, David (27 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/printFriendly/0,,1-45-556173,00.html">"Lord Dacre of Glanton: Obituary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Lord+Dacre+of+Glanton%3A+Obituary&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft.aulast=Byers&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2FprintFriendly%2F0%2C%2C1-45-556173%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2003" class="citation news cs1">Hunt, Tristram (5 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/columnist/story/0,9826,907435,00.html">"Back when it mattered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Back+when+it+mattered&rft.date=2003-03-05&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Tristram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.guardian.co.uk%2Fhigher%2Fcolumnist%2Fstory%2F0%2C9826%2C907435%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvester2006" class="citation news cs1">Silvester, Christopher (16 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202170933/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2102-2264598.html">"Review of Letters from Oxford"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2102-2264598.html">the original</a> on 2 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Review+of+Letters+from+Oxford&rft.date=2006-07-16&rft.aulast=Silvester&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C2102-2264598.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumming2006" class="citation news cs1">Cumming, Laura (6 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/history/0,,1837968,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=10">"Review of Letters from Oxford"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Review+of+Letters+from+Oxford&rft.date=2006-08-06&rft.aulast=Cumming&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.guardian.co.uk%2Freviews%2Fhistory%2F0%2C%2C1837968%2C00.html%3Fgusrc%3Drss%26feed%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612032500/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2008%2F06%2F08%2Fbotre108.xml">"Review of The invention of Scotland"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. 6 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/06/08/botre108.xml">the original</a> on 12 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Review+of+The+invention+of+Scotland&rft.date=2008-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Farts%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Farts%2F2008%2F06%2F08%2Fbotre108.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/arts/hugh-trevor-ropers-the-invention-of-scotland/82417/">"Hugh Trevor-Roper's The Invention of Scotland"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hugh+Trevor-Roper%27s+The+Invention+of+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Farts%2Fhugh-trevor-ropers-the-invention-of-scotland%2F82417%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oll.libertyfund.org/people/hugh-trevor-roper">"Hugh Trevor-Roper"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2019</span> – via Online Library of Liberty.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hugh+Trevor-Roper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foll.libertyfund.org%2Fpeople%2Fhugh-trevor-roper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhyte2019" class="citation web cs1">Whyte, William (May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://literaryreview.co.uk/a-cheat-dog-collared">"A Cheat Dog-Collared The Professor & the Parson: A Story of Desire, Deceit & Defrocking By Adam Sisman"</a>. Literary Review<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Cheat+Dog-Collared+The+Professor+%26+the+Parson%3A+A+Story+of+Desire%2C+Deceit+%26+Defrocking+By+Adam+Sisman&rft.pub=Literary+Review&rft.date=2019-05&rft.aulast=Whyte&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliteraryreview.co.uk%2Fa-cheat-dog-collared&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>By Trevor-Roper</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108042859/http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=719&Itemid=28"><i>The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: Religion, the Reformation and Social Change and Other Essays</i></a>. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. 1967. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=719&Itemid=28">the original</a> on 8 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+the+Seventeenth+Century%3A+Religion%2C+the+Reformation+and+Social+Change+and+Other+Essays&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Liberty+Fund&rft.date=1967&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foll.libertyfund.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_staticxt%26staticfile%3Dshow.php%253Ftitle%3D719%26Itemid%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Trevor-Roper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Trevor-Roper%2C%20Hugh%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hugh%20Trevor-Roper%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Trevor-Roper%2C%20Hugh%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hugh%20Trevor-Roper%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Trevor-Roper%2C%20H%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Hugh%20Trevor-Roper%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Trevor-Roper%2C%20Hugh%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hugh%20Trevor-Roper%22%29%20OR%20%28%221914-2003%22%20AND%20Trevor-Roper%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Hugh Trevor-Roper</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Grahame_Clark" title="Grahame Clark">Grahame Clark</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge</a> </b><br />1980–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(theologian)" title="Henry Chadwick (theologian)">Henry Chadwick</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335087#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335087#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335087#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108643834">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4937390">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1443839/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmTvxJqBhBxrB4F7PrDv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/110363019">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80036607">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11927065j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11927065j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00459087">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Trevor-Roper, Hugh"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV035104">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36127007">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Trevor-Roper, H. R."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990008605&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mercurius"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2010577337&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX972399">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/99232">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068775717">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90178656">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000017637&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000070752&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=278296">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199627828">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbdfxwj1s5wztg">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810629981505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/293620">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268906805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000076218">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520268006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14734035">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0039003X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1216643">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/pKVS1N5J">UK Parliament</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd110363019.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/110363019">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027168972">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xs691k">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&oldid=1256232829">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&oldid=1256232829</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1914_births" title="Category:1914 births">1914 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_deaths" title="Category:2003 deaths">2003 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Intelligence_Corps_officers" title="Category:Intelligence Corps officers">Intelligence Corps officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_Northumberland" title="Category:Military personnel from Northumberland">Military personnel from Northumberland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Army_personnel_of_World_War_II" title="Category:British Army personnel of World War II">British Army personnel of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_historians" title="Category:20th-century English historians">20th-century English historians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_scandals" title="Category:Academic scandals">Academic scandals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford">Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_Party_(UK)_life_peers" title="Category:Conservative Party (UK) life peers">Conservative Party (UK) life peers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_esophageal_cancer_in_England" title="Category:Deaths from esophageal cancer in England">Deaths from esophageal cancer in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Category:Fellows of Christ Church, Oxford">Fellows of Christ Church, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Category:Fellows of Merton College, Oxford">Fellows of Merton College, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Category:Fellows of Peterhouse, Cambridge">Fellows of Peterhouse, Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Historical_Society" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Historical Society">Fellows of the Royal Historical Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Category:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London">Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historians_of_Nazism" title="Category:Historians of Nazism">Historians of Nazism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Roper" title="Category:House of Roper">House of Roper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Masters_of_Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Category:Masters of Peterhouse, Cambridge">Masters of Peterhouse, Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Charterhouse_School" title="Category:People educated at Charterhouse School">People educated at Charterhouse School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Northumberland" title="Category:People from Northumberland">People from Northumberland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regius_Professors_of_History_(University_of_Oxford)" title="Category:Regius Professors of History (University of Oxford)">Regius Professors of History (University of Oxford)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Belhaven_Hill_School" title="Category:People educated at Belhaven Hill School">People educated at Belhaven Hill School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_British_Academy" title="Category:Fellows of the British Academy">Fellows of the British Academy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Life_peers_created_by_Elizabeth_II" title="Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II">Life peers created by Elizabeth II</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="Category:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_London_Gazette_template_with_parameter_supp_set_to_y" title="Category:Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y">Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_broken_reference_names" title="Category:Pages with broken reference names">Pages with broken reference names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_June_2023" title="Category:Use British English from June 2023">Use British English from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2020">Use dmy dates from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_military_person_with_embed" title="Category:Pages using infobox military person with embed">Pages using infobox military person with embed</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2024">Articles with dead external links from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Internet_Archive_links" title="Category:Articles with Internet Archive links">Articles with Internet Archive links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 22:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Trevor-Roper&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-96sb8","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.312","walltime":"1.684","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13351,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":166606,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12875,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":239671,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1430.779 1 -total"," 22.88% 327.322 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 21.66% 309.872 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.93% 127.818 20 Template:Cite_book"," 7.64% 109.368 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text"," 7.44% 106.390 1 Template:Lang"," 6.50% 93.017 8 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 6.30% 90.204 1 Template:Marriage"," 6.16% 88.133 1 Template:Authority_control"," 5.75% 82.236 6 Template:ISBN"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.753","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26732300,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lzhrf","timestamp":"20241122161555","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hugh Trevor-Roper","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hugh_Trevor-Roper","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q335087","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q335087","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-26T17:14:19Z","dateModified":"2024-11-08T22:30:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b0\/Hugh_Trevor-Roper_%281975%29.jpg","headline":"British historian (1914-2003)"}</script> </body> </html>