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Disponibil în 60 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskonstante" title="Gaskonstante – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gaskonstante" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ثابت الغازات العام – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثابت الغازات العام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%95" title="গেছ ধ্ৰুৱক – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গেছ ধ্ৰুৱক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaz_sabiti" title="Qaz sabiti – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaz sabiti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Універсальная газавая пастаянная – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Універсальная газавая пастаянная" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Универсална газова константа – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Универсална газова константа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95" title="গ্যাস ধ্রুবক – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যাস ধ্রুবক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzalna_plinska_konstanta" title="Univerzalna plinska konstanta – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Univerzalna plinska konstanta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_dels_gasos" title="Constant dels gasos – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Constant dels gasos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_plynov%C3%A1_konstanta" title="Molární plynová konstanta – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Molární plynová konstanta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%C4%83%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Газăн универсаллă константти – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Газăн универсаллă константти" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskonstant" title="Gaskonstant – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gaskonstant" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskonstante" title="Gaskonstante – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gaskonstante" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Παγκόσμια σταθερά των αερίων – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παγκόσμια σταθερά των αερίων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant" title="Gas constant – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gas constant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universala_gaskonstanto" title="Universala gaskonstanto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universala gaskonstanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constante_de_los_gases_ideales" title="Constante de los gases ideales – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Constante de los gases ideales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universaalne_gaasikonstant" title="Universaalne gaasikonstant – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Universaalne gaasikonstant" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_idealen_konstante" title="Gas idealen konstante – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gas idealen konstante" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7" title="ثابت گازها – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ثابت گازها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaasuvakio" title="Kaasuvakio – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaasuvakio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constante_universelle_des_gaz_parfaits" title="Constante universelle des gaz parfaits – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Constante universelle des gaz parfaits" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קבוע הגזים – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוע הגזים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="सार्वत्रिक गैस नियतांक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सार्वत्रिक गैस नियतांक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plinska_konstanta" title="Plinska konstanta – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plinska konstanta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyetemes_g%C3%A1z%C3%A1lland%C3%B3" title="Egyetemes gázállandó – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egyetemes gázállandó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գազային հաստատուն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գազային հաստատուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetapan_gas" title="Tetapan gas – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tetapan gas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costante_dei_gas" title="Costante dei gas – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Costante dei gas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9A%E6%95%B0" title="気体定数 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気体定数" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="აირის მუდმივა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აირის მუდმივა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%82%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Универсал газ тұрақтысы – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Универсал газ тұрақтысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EC%83%81%EC%88%98" title="기체 상수 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기체 상수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duj%C5%B3_konstanta" title="Dujų konstanta – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dujų konstanta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%81zu_konstante" title="Gāzu konstante – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gāzu konstante" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Универзална гасна константа – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Универзална гасна константа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വാതക സ്ഥിരാങ്കം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാതക സ്ഥിരാങ്കം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95" title="वैश्विक वायू एकक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वैश्विक वायू एकक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemalar_gas" title="Pemalar gas – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemalar gas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasconstante" title="Gasconstante – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gasconstante" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasskonstant" title="Gasskonstant – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gasskonstant" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasskonstant" title="Gasskonstant – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gasskonstant" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C5%82a_gazowa" title="Stała gazowa – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stała gazowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constante_universal_dos_gases_perfeitos" title="Constante universal dos gases perfeitos – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Constante universal dos gases perfeitos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Универсальная газовая постоянная – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Универсальная газовая постоянная" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant" title="Gas constant – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gas constant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plinska_konstanta" title="Plinska konstanta – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Plinska konstanta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerz%C3%A1lna_plynov%C3%A1_kon%C5%A1tanta" title="Univerzálna plynová konštanta – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Univerzálna plynová konštanta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splo%C5%A1na_plinska_konstanta" title="Splošna plinska konstanta – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Splošna plinska konstanta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasna_konstanta" title="Gasna konstanta – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Gasna konstanta" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allm%C3%A4nna_gaskonstanten" title="Allmänna gaskonstanten – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Allmänna gaskonstanten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="வளிம மாறிலி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளிம மாறிலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA" title="ค่าคงตัวของแก๊ส – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ค่าคงตัวของแก๊ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstant_ng_gas" title="Konstant ng gas – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konstant ng gas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Універсальна газова стала – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Універсальна газова стала" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_gaz_doimiysi" title="Universal gaz doimiysi – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Universal gaz doimiysi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%B1ng_s%E1%BB%91_kh%C3%AD" title="Hằng số khí – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hằng số khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B0" title="气体常数 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="气体常数" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="氣體常數 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氣體常數" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="理想氣體常數 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="理想氣體常數" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182333#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p><b>Constanta universală a gazului ideal</b><sup id="cite_ref-S1647_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S1647-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sau <b>constanta molară a gazelor</b><sup id="cite_ref-S7109_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S7109-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> este o <a href="/wiki/Constant%C4%83_fizic%C4%83" title="Constantă fizică">constantă fizică</a> care intervine în multe relații din <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83" title="Fizică">fizică</a>, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Ecua%C8%9Bie_de_stare" title="Ecuație de stare">ecuația de stare</a> a <a href="/wiki/Gaz_ideal" title="Gaz ideal">gazului ideal</a> (numită și <a href="/wiki/Legea_gazelor_ideale" title="Legea gazelor ideale">legea gazelor ideale</a>) sau <a href="/wiki/Ecua%C8%9Bia_lui_Nernst" title="Ecuația lui Nernst">ecuația lui Nernst</a>. Este similară cu <a href="/wiki/Constanta_Boltzmann" title="Constanta Boltzmann">constanta Boltzmann</a>, însă, în loc de a fi exprimată în unități de <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> per <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a> și particulă, este exprimată în unități de energie (ca produs <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle pV\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle pV\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f72dbfe2c8d86a495b4270888cb78b37283aedd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:3.433ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle pV\,}"></span> ) per Kelvin și <a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a>. Constanta se exprimă în aceleași unități ca și <a href="/wiki/Entropie" title="Entropie">entropia</a> molară. </p><p>Simbolul său este <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/293563891196765d2d51e0dd54e1ae1000ba9def" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.151ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\,}"></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-S1647_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S1647-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-S7109_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S7109-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atribuit în onoarea lui <a href="/wiki/Henri_Victor_Regnault" title="Henri Victor Regnault">Henri Victor Regnault</a>. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valoare_(matematic%C4%83)" title="Valoare (matematică)">valoarea</a> standardizată este:<sup id="cite_ref-S2848_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S2848-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R=8,314\,510(70)~{\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {mol~K} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>314</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>510</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>70</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R=8,314\,510(70)~{\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {mol~K} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa508f47fdcd0cb26d10be353393c52c7b22feeb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:26.106ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R=8,314\,510(70)~{\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {mol~K} }}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>unde cifrele din paranteză indică incertitudinea măsurătorilor, în milionimi (la ultimele două cifre), ceea ce dă o eroare relativă de 8,4×10<sup>-6</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/CODATA" title="CODATA">CODATA</a> furnizează o valoare mai exactă:<sup id="cite_ref-CODATA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODATA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R=8,314\,472(15)~{\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {mol~K} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>314</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>472</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R=8,314\,472(15)~{\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {mol~K} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d13a8e8c7a77b0a034b8d6c014c8543a7a564a4f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:26.106ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R=8,314\,472(15)~{\frac {\mathrm {J} }{\mathrm {mol~K} }}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>cu o eroare relativă de 1,8×10<sup>−6</sup>. </p><p>Ecuația de stare a gazului ideal în care intervine constanta universală a gazului ideal este: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle pV=nRT\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle pV=nRT\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eeb01fbc11b96a10b11abf1c8b72cbd36d9b8c94" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:11.327ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle pV=nRT\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>unde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4fa5f88a712eb9b03398066a0577fdcf33e02c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.646ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\,}"></span> este <a href="/wiki/Presiune" title="Presiune">presiunea</a> absolută, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f7ee72790178407e3a145dec860bb78a56672b10" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.174ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V\,}"></span> este <a href="/wiki/Volum" class="mw-redirect" title="Volum">volumul</a> gazului, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/205e33e6845813cc72ca346b896a7945f90ca373" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.782ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\,}"></span> este numărul de moli de gaz, iar <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/476a8389064c06ab89963a2467aef525838da0cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.023ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\,}"></span> este <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">temperatura</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relația_cu_constanta_Boltzmann"><span id="Rela.C8.9Bia_cu_constanta_Boltzmann"></span>Relația cu constanta Boltzmann</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Relația cu constanta Boltzmann" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Relația cu constanta Boltzmann"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Constanta universală a gazului ideal poate fi exprimată ca produs dintre <a href="/wiki/Constanta_Boltzmann" title="Constanta Boltzmann">constanta Boltzmann</a> ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\rm {B}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\rm {B}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f888f2a538c75aa814c617658f6d6cd35a7dea72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.994ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\rm {B}}\,}"></span> sau <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a5665cb00a844c1c6a671c119c6e4984d28fb851" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.598ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\,}"></span> ) și numărul particulelor dintr-un mol, dat de <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83rul_lui_Avogadro" title="Numărul lui Avogadro">numărul lui Avogadro</a> ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b34e9433bb378bce56f7d8b370c784242e27956a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.718ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}\,}"></span> ): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R=N_{\rm {A}}k_{\rm {B}},\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R=N_{\rm {A}}k_{\rm {B}},\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9b4eea134a1be250ccbf12403f3e05ba9c059b38" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.834ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R=N_{\rm {A}}k_{\rm {B}},\,}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Măsurători_experimentale"><span id="M.C4.83sur.C4.83tori_experimentale"></span>Măsurători experimentale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Măsurători experimentale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Măsurători experimentale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Una dintre metodele de <a href="/wiki/Metrologie" title="Metrologie">măsurare</a> a constantei universale a gazului ideal se bazează pe măsurarea <a href="/wiki/Viteza_sunetului" title="Viteza sunetului">vitezei sunetului</a> ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a(p,T)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a(p,T)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2746e1ad5d5d7a6f2cd49a3dae3312dfc63311bb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.266ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a(p,T)\,}"></span> ) în <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> la presiunea <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4fa5f88a712eb9b03398066a0577fdcf33e02c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.646ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\,}"></span> și temperatura <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/476a8389064c06ab89963a2467aef525838da0cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.023ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\,}"></span> a <a href="/wiki/Punct_triplu" title="Punct triplu">punctului triplu</a> al <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apei</a> (273,16 K) și extrapolarea la presiune zero ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a(0,T)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a(0,T)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ac7d85bc495da54c39793af1363724b95c31fc09" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.259ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a(0,T)\,}"></span> ). Valoarea <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/293563891196765d2d51e0dd54e1ae1000ba9def" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.151ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\,}"></span> se obține din relația: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a^{2}(0,T)={\frac {\gamma RT}{M_{\rm {Ar}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a^{2}(0,T)={\frac {\gamma RT}{M_{\rm {Ar}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/169f948e33bb95c488c88e5d11ee69aa6b42ffb6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:16.523ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a^{2}(0,T)={\frac {\gamma RT}{M_{\rm {Ar}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>unde: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma \,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>γ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma \,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65da7961fee8269d576e5d06e838bf8695fc5179" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.649ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma \,}"></span> este <a href="/wiki/Coeficient_de_transformare_adiabatic%C4%83" title="Coeficient de transformare adiabatică">coeficientul de transformare adiabatică</a> (5/3 pentru argon);</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{\rm {Ar}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{\rm {Ar}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e84e4ce4b4971dc3d4e069f074819f40e9c1cddf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.751ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{\rm {Ar}}\,}"></span> este masa molară a argonului.<sup id="cite_ref-CODATA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODATA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constantele_caracteristice_ale_gazelor_ideale">Constantele caracteristice ale gazelor ideale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Constantele caracteristice ale gazelor ideale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Constantele caracteristice ale gazelor ideale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Constanta caracteristică a gazului ideal</b> a unui gaz sau a unui amestec de gaze ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5100c5c633cb9d8613e1863534a23da668fb2453" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.89ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}\,}"></span> ) se obține împărțind constanta universală a gazului ideal la <a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_molar%C4%83" title="Masă molară">masa molară</a> ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa66ea8156203e93f2dca12aca24538c2bdce761" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.829ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M\,}"></span> ) a gazului sau amestecului de gaze: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}={\frac {R}{M}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}={\frac {R}{M}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a3d95e961281c026dd52fda8bd4fe6ecbb81f605" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.88ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}={\frac {R}{M}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Pentru aer uscat, constanta caracteristică are valoarea de 286,9 J/kg K </p><p>La fel ca la constanta universală, constantele caracteristice pot fi legate de constanta Boltzmann prin masa moleculară ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/37129e832c2c81b9f146dd22228d409bd099b295" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.427ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\,}"></span> ) a gazului: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}={\frac {k_{\rm {B}}}{m}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mi>m</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}={\frac {k_{\rm {B}}}{m}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2d18514f450174cfd77a646a3f19a91d7c15a4a8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.045ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}={\frac {k_{\rm {B}}}{m}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>O altă relație importantă în care intervine constanta caracteristică a gazului este cea a lui Robert Mayer: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}=c_{\rm {p}}-c_{\rm {v}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}=c_{\rm {p}}-c_{\rm {v}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/027f742ba6a3a0ae553fc6913420084032ad283e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.089ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{\rm {M}}=c_{\rm {p}}-c_{\rm {v}}\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>unde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{\rm {p}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{\rm {p}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26414c908cf4461570df2ec02d9365610bfaf87e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.54ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{\rm {p}}\,}"></span> este capacitatea termică masică la presiune constantă, iar <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{\rm {v}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{\rm {v}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8edde227ec869c9573db540b34a85cf9f395d18a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.494ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{\rm {v}}\,}"></span> este capacitatea termică masică la volum constant a gazului sau amestecului de gaze respectiv.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În aplicațiile inginerești se obișnuiește să se noteze cu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/293563891196765d2d51e0dd54e1ae1000ba9def" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.151ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\,}"></span> constanta caracteristică a gazului, în loc de constanta universală. În aceste lucrări constanta universală este notată cu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overline {R}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>R</mi> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overline {R}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b6a6811f937aba004759cf7c38ede637b167e6a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.266ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overline {R}}\,}"></span> sau în alte moduri. În caz de dubiu, ecuația dimensională clarifică tipul constantei la ce se referă notația.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-S1647-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S1647_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S1647_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">STAS 1647-85 <i>Căldură. Terminologie și simboluri</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S7109-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S7109_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S7109_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">STAS 7109-86 <i>Termotehnica construcțiilor. Terminologie, simboluri și unități de măsură</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S2848-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-S2848_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">STAS 2848-89 <i>Constante fizice fundamentale</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CODATA-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CODATA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODATA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <cite class="citation journal">Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.; Newell, David B. (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/codata.pdf">„CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reviews_of_Modern_Physics" title="Reviews of Modern Physics">Rev. Mod. Phys.</a></i> <b>80</b>: pp. 633–730. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.80.633">10.1103/RevModPhys.80.633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rev.+Mod.+Phys.&rft.atitle=CODATA+Recommended+Values+of+the+Fundamental+Physical+Constants%3A+2006&rft.volume=80&rft.pages=pp.+633-730&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.80.633&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Barry+N.&rft.au=Newell%2C+David+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2FConstants%2Fcodata.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AConstanta+universal%C4%83+a+gazului+ideal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Text_%C3%AEn_plus" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus">link</a>) </span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r">Legătură directă spre valoare</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Anderson, <i>Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics</i>, AIAA Education Series, 2nd Ed, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Moran și Shapiro, <i>Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics</i>, Wiley, 4th Ed, 2000</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; 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href="/wiki/Entropie" title="Entropie">Entropie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Entropie_termodinamic%C4%83" title="Entropie termodinamică">Entropie termodinamică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evaporare" title="Evaporare">Evaporare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%83_(termodinamic%C4%83)" title="Fază (termodinamică)">Fază (termodinamică)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fierbere" title="Fierbere">Fierbere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formula_lui_Planck" title="Formula lui Planck">Formula lui Planck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frac%C8%9Bie_molar%C4%83" title="Fracție molară">Fracție molară</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaz_ideal" title="Gaz ideal">Gaz ideal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaz_perfect" title="Gaz perfect">Gaz perfect</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaz_real" title="Gaz real">Gaz real</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_Boyle-Mariotte" title="Legea Boyle-Mariotte">Legea Boyle-Mariotte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_Dulong-Petit" title="Legea Dulong-Petit">Legea Dulong-Petit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Avogadro" title="Legea lui Avogadro">Legea lui Avogadro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Dalton" title="Legea lui Dalton">Legea lui Dalton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Henry" title="Legea lui Henry">Legea lui Henry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Raoult" title="Legea lui Raoult">Legea lui Raoult</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legile_de_deplasare_ale_lui_Wien" title="Legile de deplasare ale lui Wien">Legile de deplasare ale lui Wien</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legile_lui_Kirchhoff_(radia%C8%9Bie)" title="Legile lui Kirchhoff (radiație)">Legile lui Kirchhoff (radiație)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lema_lui_Carath%C3%A9odory_(termodinamic%C4%83)" title="Lema lui Carathéodory (termodinamică)">Lema lui Carathéodory (termodinamică)</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C4%83rimi_molare_de_exces" title="Mărimi molare de exces">Mărimi molare de exces</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paradoxul_lui_Gibbs_(termodinamic%C4%83)" title="Paradoxul lui Gibbs (termodinamică)">Paradoxul lui Gibbs (termodinamică)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Perpetuum_mobile" title="Perpetuum mobile">Perpetuum mobile</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_chimic" title="Potențial chimic">Potențial chimic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_termodinamic" title="Potențial termodinamic">Potențial termodinamic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Presiune_de_vapori" title="Presiune de vapori">Presiune de vapori</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiile_termodinamicii" title="Principiile termodinamicii">Principiile termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_al_doilea_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul al doilea al termodinamicii">Principiul al doilea al termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_al_doilea_al_termodinamicii:_Planck_versus_Carath%C3%A9odory" title="Principiul al doilea al termodinamicii: Planck versus Carathéodory">Principiul al doilea al termodinamicii: Planck versus Carathéodory</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_al_treilea_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul al treilea al termodinamicii">Principiul al treilea al termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_%C3%AEnt%C3%A2i_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul întâi al termodinamicii">Principiul întâi al termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_zero_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul zero al termodinamicii">Principiul zero al termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Proces_adiabatic" title="Proces adiabatic">Proces adiabatic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punct_de_fierbere" title="Punct de fierbere">Punct de fierbere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punct_de_topire" title="Punct de topire">Punct de topire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_termic%C4%83" title="Radiație termică">Radiație termică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rela%C8%9Bia_lui_Mayer" title="Relația lui Mayer">Relația lui Mayer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rezonatorul_lui_Planck" title="Rezonatorul lui Planck">Rezonatorul lui Planck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sistem_termodinamic" title="Sistem termodinamic">Sistem termodinamic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">Temperatură</a> • <a href="/wiki/Termochimie" title="Termochimie">Termochimie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică">Termodinamică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Transformare_Legendre" title="Transformare Legendre">Transformare Legendre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Transformare_termodinamic%C4%83" title="Transformare termodinamică">Transformare termodinamică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică chimică">Termodinamică chimică</a> •</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Mecanică statistică </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Entropie_statistic%C4%83" title="Entropie statistică">Entropie statistică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%83_(mecanic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83)" title="Fază (mecanică statistică)">Fază (mecanică statistică)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Grad_de_libertate" title="Grad de libertate">Grad de libertate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83" title="Mecanică statistică">Mecanică statistică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Operator_statistic" title="Operator statistic">Operator statistic</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Teorie cinetică </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Agita%C8%9Bie_termic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Agitație termică">Agitație termică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Constanta_Boltzmann" title="Constanta Boltzmann">Constanta Boltzmann</a> • <a href="/wiki/Demonul_lui_Maxwell" title="Demonul lui Maxwell">Demonul lui Maxwell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83rul_lui_Avogadro" title="Numărul lui Avogadro">Numărul lui Avogadro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teoria_cinetic%C4%83_a_gazelor" title="Teoria cinetică a gazelor">Teoria cinetică a gazelor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teoria_haosului" title="Teoria haosului">Teoria haosului</a></div> 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