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<span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teaching_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Teaching and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Codes_and_numbering_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Codes_and_numbering_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Codes and numbering system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Codes_and_numbering_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Statistics_in_France_before_the_INSEE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics_in_France_before_the_INSEE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Statistics in France before the INSEE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics_in_France_before_the_INSEE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_the_INSEE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_the_INSEE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Creation of the INSEE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_the_INSEE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IRIS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IRIS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>IRIS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IRIS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>List of directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المعهد الوطني للإحصاء والدراسات الاقتصادية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المعهد الوطني للإحصاء والدراسات الاقتصادية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_National_de_la_Statistique_et_des_%C3%89tudes_%C3%89conomiques" title="Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_National_de_la_Statistique_et_des_%C3%89tudes_%C3%89conomiques" title="Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_Statistika_v%C9%99_%C4%B0qtisadi_Ara%C5%9Fd%C4%B1rmalar_%C3%BCzr%C9%99_Milli_%C4%B0nstitutu" title="Fransa Statistika və İqtisadi Araşdırmalar üzrə Milli İnstitutu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa Statistika və İqtisadi Araşdırmalar üzrə Milli İnstitutu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87" title="ইন্সে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্সে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Нацыянальны інстытут статыстыкі і эканамічных даследаванняў Францыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянальны інстытут статыстыкі і эканамічных даследаванняў Францыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBSSA" title="EBSSA – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="EBSSA" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_y_de_Estudios_Econ%C3%B3micos_(Francia)" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística y de Estudios Económicos (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística y de Estudios Económicos (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE_(Francio)" title="INSEE (Francio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="INSEE (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مؤسسه ملی آمار و مطالعات اقتصاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مؤسسه ملی آمار و مطالعات اقتصاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD_%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="국립 통계 경제 연구소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국립 통계 경제 연구소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%87_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF" title="Ֆրանսիայի վիճակագրության և տնտեսական հետազոտությունների ազգային ինստիտուտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիայի վիճակագրության և տնտեսական հետազոտությունների ազգային ինստիտուտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_and_Economic_Studies" title="National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Nasional_Statistik_dan_Studi_Ekonomi" title="Institut Nasional Statistik dan Studi Ekonomi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Institut Nasional Statistik dan Studi Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalinis_statistikos_ir_ekonomikos_studij%C5%B3_institutas" title="Nacionalinis statistikos ir ekonomikos studijų institutas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nacionalinis statistikos ir ekonomikos studijų institutas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Nacional_de_l%27Estatistica_e_dels_Estudis_Economics" title="Institut Nacional de l'Estatistica e dels Estudis Economics – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Institut Nacional de l'Estatistica e dels Estudis Economics" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya_milliy_statistika_va_iqtisodiy_tadqiqotlar_instituti" title="Fransiya milliy statistika va iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar instituti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya milliy statistika va iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar instituti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Национальный институт статистики и экономических исследований Франции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальный институт статистики и экономических исследований Франции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Национални институт за статистику и економска истраживања – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Национални институт за статистику и економска истраживања" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulusal_%C4%B0statistik_ve_Ekonomik_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Ulusal İstatistik ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ulusal İstatistik ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%96_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Національний інститут статистики і економічних досліджень Франції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національний інститут статистики і економічних досліджень Франції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="قومی ادارہ برائے شماریات و معاشی مطالعات، فرانس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قومی ادارہ برائے شماریات و معاشی مطالعات، فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="INSEE" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="法国国家统计与经济研究所 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国国家统计与经济研究所" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&params=48_48_59_N_02_18_26_E_type:landmark_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°48′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°18′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.81639°N 2.30722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.81639; 2.30722</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">France's principal government institution in charge of statistics and census data</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Office for National Statistics</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Insee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Logo_Insee.png/220px-Logo_Insee.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Logo_Insee.png/330px-Logo_Insee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Logo_Insee.png/440px-Logo_Insee.png 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="273" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:INSEE_White.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/INSEE_White.jpg/220px-INSEE_White.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/INSEE_White.jpg/330px-INSEE_White.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/INSEE_White.jpg/440px-INSEE_White.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2558" /></a></span><br />Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Montrouge" title="Montrouge">Montrouge</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">27 April 1946<span class="noprint">; 78 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1946-04-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Service national des statistiques</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">Government agency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">88 Avenue Verdier<br /><a href="/wiki/Montrouge" title="Montrouge">Montrouge</a><br />France<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&params=48_48_59_N_02_18_26_E_type:landmark_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°48′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°18′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.81639°N 2.30722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.81639; 2.30722</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister responsible</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economics_and_Finance_(France)" title="Ministry of Economics and Finance (France)">Ministry of Economics and Finance</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Luc_Tavernier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Luc Tavernier (page does not exist)">Jean-Luc Tavernier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Luc_Tavernier" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Luc Tavernier">fr</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Director_general" title="Director general">Director general</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insee.fr">insee<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques</i>), abbreviated <b>INSEE</b> or <b>Insee</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">in-<span style="font-size:90%">SAY</span></i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[inse]</a></span>), is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_and_international_statistical_services" title="List of national and international statistical services">national statistics bureau</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It collects and publishes information about the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">French economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">people</a> and carries out the periodic national census. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Montrouge" title="Montrouge">Montrouge</a>, a commune in the southern <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisian</a> suburbs, it is the French branch of <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. The INSEE was created in 1946 as a successor to the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy regime</a>'s National Statistics Service (SNS). It works in close cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_d%27%C3%A9tudes_d%C3%A9mographiques" title="Institut national d'études démographiques">Institut national d'études démographiques</a> (INED). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The INSEE is responsible for the production and analysis of official statistics in France. Its best known responsibilities include: </p> <ul><li>Organising and publishing the national census.</li> <li>Producing various <a href="/wiki/Index_(economics)" title="Index (economics)">indices</a> – which are widely recognised as being of excellent quality – including an inflation index used for determining the rates of rents and the costs associated with construction.</li> <li>Eurostat uses INSEE statistics in combination with those of other national statistical agencies to compile comparable statistics for the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> as a whole. It is also widely recognized as representing France on international questions of statistics.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The INSEE is the responsibility of <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (France)">MINEFI</a>, the French Ministry of Finance. The current director is Jean-Luc Tavernier. However, Eurostat considers INSEE as an independent body, although its independence is not written in the law.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_and_research">Teaching and research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Teaching and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research and teaching for the INSEE is undertaken by GENES or Group of the National Schools of the Economy and Statistics (French: <i>Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique</i>) which includes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ENSAE_ParisTech" class="mw-redirect" title="ENSAE ParisTech">ENSAE</a> (<i>École nationale de la statistique et de l'administration économique</i>), a <i><a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%A9cole" title="Grande école">grande école</a></i> which trains INSEE administrators and engineers specialized in statistics, the economy, and finance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_de_la_statistique_et_de_l%27analyse_de_l%27information" title="École nationale de la statistique et de l'analyse de l'information">ENSAI</a>, (<i>École nationale de la statistique et de l'analyse de l'information</i>), an engineering school.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Codes_and_numbering_system">Codes and numbering system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Codes and numbering system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE code</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Insee" class="extiw" title="fr:Code Insee">fr:Code Insee</a></div> <p>INSEE gives numerical indexing codes (French: <i>les Codes INSEE</i>) to various entities in France: </p> <ul><li><b>INSEE codes</b> (known as <b>COG</b>) are given to various administrative units, notably the French <a href="/wiki/Commune_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Commune in France">communes</a> (they do not coincide with <a href="/wiki/Postal_code" title="Postal code">postcodes</a>). The 'complete' code has 8 digits and 3 spaces within, but there is a popular 'simplified' code with 5 digits and no space within: <ul><li>2 digits (<i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" class="mw-redirect" title="Département">département</a></i>) and 3 digits (commune) for the 96 <i>départements</i> of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a>.</li> <li>3 digits (<i>département</i> or collectivity) and 2 digits (commune) for the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas departments">Overseas departments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territorial_collectivity" title="Territorial collectivity">Overseas Territorial Collectivities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Countries_and_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Countries and Territories">Overseas Countries and Territories</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>INSEE numbers</b> (13 digits + a two-digit key) are <a href="/wiki/National_identification_number" title="National identification number">national identification numbers</a> given to people. The format is as follows: <i>syymmlllllooo kk</i>, where <ul><li><i>s</i> is 1 for a male, 2 for a female for a permanent number; it is 7 for a male, 8 for a female for a temporary number,</li> <li><i>yy</i> are the last two digits of the year of birth,</li> <li><i>mm</i> is the month of birth or a number above 20 if the birthdate is unknown</li> <li><i>lllll</i> is the COG for the location of birth,</li> <li><i>ooo</i> is an order number to distinguish people being born at the same place in the same year and month.</li> <li>'kk' is the "control key", equal to 97-(the rest of the number <a href="/wiki/Modular_arithmetic" title="Modular arithmetic">modulo</a> 97).<br />There are exceptions for people in particular situations.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIREN_code" title="SIREN code">SIREN codes</a> are given to businesses and nonprofit associations, <a href="/wiki/SIRET_code" title="SIRET code">SIRET codes</a> to their establishments and facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A2timent_de_la_direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27INSEE,_Malakoff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/B%C3%A2timent_de_la_direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27INSEE%2C_Malakoff.jpg/220px-B%C3%A2timent_de_la_direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27INSEE%2C_Malakoff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/B%C3%A2timent_de_la_direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27INSEE%2C_Malakoff.jpg/330px-B%C3%A2timent_de_la_direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27INSEE%2C_Malakoff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/B%C3%A2timent_de_la_direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27INSEE%2C_Malakoff.jpg/440px-B%C3%A2timent_de_la_direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27INSEE%2C_Malakoff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1494" /></a><figcaption>Former INSEE headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Malakoff,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Malakoff, Hauts-de-Seine">Malakoff, Hauts-de-Seine</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistics_in_France_before_the_INSEE">Statistics in France before the INSEE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Statistics in France before the INSEE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The INSEE was preceded by several related statistical agencies in France. In 1833, the Statistics Bureau (French: <i>Bureau de la statistique</i>) was created by <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a>. In 1840 it was renamed <i>SGF</i> or <i>General Statistics of France</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the direction of Lucien March, the SGF expanded its activities. It began an investigation of consumption habits in 1907, following with periodic investigations on retail prices in 1911. </p><p>In 1920 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sauvy" title="Alfred Sauvy">Alfred Sauvy</a> introduced competitive entrance exams for SGF recruitment. However, it was <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Carmille" title="René Carmille">René Carmille</a>, a pioneer of the use of the <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculators</a>, who laid the foundations of the modern organization. In 1940, the Demographic Service (<i>Service de la démographie</i>) was created under the Ministry of Finance in order to replace the military recruitment office prohibited by the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_France_(Second_Compi%C3%A8gne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with France (Second Compiègne)">June 1940 Armistice</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. In order to better conceal its undertakings, the Demographic Service absorbed the SGF on 11 October 1941. The new organization was called the <i>SNS</i> or <i>National Statistics Service</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of this reorganization, six new offices were created in the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Northern (occupied) zone</a> whose regional structure is maintained today in INSEE. </p><p>René Carmille created an Applied Sciences School (predecessor of the current <a href="/wiki/Ecole_Nationale_de_la_Statistique_et_de_l%27Administration_Economique" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Economique">ENSAE</a>) to specially train members for the SNS. </p><p>Carmille worked for Vichy France but he was actually a double agent for the French underground. From his position in the SNS he sabotaged the Nazi census of France, which saved untold numbers of Jewish people from death camps. He also used his department to help mobilize French resistance in Algeria. He was caught by the Nazis and sent to <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau</a> where he died in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_the_INSEE">Creation of the INSEE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Creation of the INSEE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SNS was finally transformed into the INSEE by the law of 27 April 1946, The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Surveys for the metropolis and overseas France (<i>L'Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques pour la métropole et la France d'outre-mer</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IRIS">IRIS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: IRIS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IRIS is the name for France's unit of <a href="/wiki/Census_tract" title="Census tract">division of geographical regions for the purposes of taking a census</a>. In order to prepare for the dissemination of the 1999 French population census, INSEE developed a system for dividing the country into units of equal size, known as IRIS2000, now known simply as 'IRIS'.<sup id="cite_ref-iris_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iris-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acronym stands for 'Ilots Regroupés pour l'Information Statistique' ('aggregated units for statistical information')<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 2000 in the name referred not only to the upcoming <a href="/wiki/Millennium_celebrations" title="Millennium celebrations">millennium</a> year but to the target size of 2,000 residents per basic unit. Since 1999, IRIS has represented the fundamental unit for dissemination of infra-municipal data in France and its <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments and regions</a>. Towns with more than 10,000 inhabitants, and a large proportion of towns with between 5,000 and 10,000 inhabitants, are divided into several IRIS units. France is composed of around 16,100 IRIS in total, of which 650 are in the overseas departments.<sup id="cite_ref-iris_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iris-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 3 types of IRIS unit in use; residential IRIS (pop. between 1,800 and 5,000), business IRIS (containing more than 1,000 employees) and miscellaneous IRIS (specific large zones which are sparsely inhabited and have large surface areas (leisure parks, ports, forests etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-iris_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iris-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_directors">List of directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of directors of the INSEE since it was founded: </p> <ul><li>1946–1961: <a href="/wiki/Francis-Louis_Closon" title="Francis-Louis Closon">Francis-Louis Closon</a></li> <li>1961–1967: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Gruson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Gruson (page does not exist)">Claude Gruson</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Gruson" class="extiw" title="fr:Claude Gruson">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>1967–1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Ripert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Ripert (page does not exist)">Jean Ripert</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Ripert" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Ripert">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>1974–1987: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a></li> <li>1987–1992: Jean-Claude Milleron</li> <li>1992–2003: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Champsaur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Champsaur (page does not exist)">Paul Champsaur</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Champsaur" class="extiw" title="fr:Paul Champsaur">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>2003–2007: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Charpin" title="Jean-Michel Charpin">Jean-Michel Charpin</a></li> <li>2007–2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Philippe_Cotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Philippe Cotis (page does not exist)">Jean-Philippe Cotis</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Cotis" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Philippe Cotis">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>2012–present: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Luc_Tavernier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Luc Tavernier (page does not exist)">Jean-Luc Tavernier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Luc_Tavernier" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Luc Tavernier">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_National_de_la_Pauvret%C3%A9_et_de_l%27Exclusion_Sociale" title="Observatoire National de la Pauvreté et de l'Exclusion Sociale">Observatoire National de la Pauvreté et de l'Exclusion Sociale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_added_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value added tax">Value added tax</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeraldManolo2018" class="citation book cs1">Gerald, Adler; Manolo, Guerci (29 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZV2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT289"><i>Riverine: Architecture and Rivers</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-81153-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-81153-3"><bdi>978-1-134-81153-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riverine%3A+Architecture+and+Rivers&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft.isbn=978-1-134-81153-3&rft.aulast=Gerald&rft.aufirst=Adler&rft.au=Manolo%2C+Guerci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiZV2DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitut+national+de+la+statistique+et+des+%C3%A9tudes+%C3%A9conomiques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acdc2007.free.fr/eurosta7.pdf">ACDC2007.free.fr</a>, Eurostat report</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701093708/http://www.dsi.cnrs.fr/conduite-projet/phasedeveloppement/technique/etude-detaillee/modele-de-donnees/regles-numero-INSEE.pdf">"DSI.CNRS.fr"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsi.cnrs.fr/conduite-projet/phasedeveloppement/technique/etude-detaillee/modele-de-donnees/regles-numero-INSEE.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DSI.CNRS.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsi.cnrs.fr%2Fconduite-projet%2Fphasedeveloppement%2Ftechnique%2Fetude-detaillee%2Fmodele-de-donnees%2Fregles-numero-INSEE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitut+national+de+la+statistique+et+des+%C3%A9tudes+%C3%A9conomiques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sirene.tm.fr">SIRENE.tm.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090524161137/http://www.sirene.tm.fr/">Archived</a> 24 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SIRENE database</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French: <i><b>S</b>tatistique <b>G</b>énérale de la <b>F</b>rance</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French: <i><b>S</b>ervice <b>N</b>ational des <b>S</b>tatistiques</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IBM and the Holocaust, Edwin Black, 2001, Crown, pp. 320–332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iris-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iris_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iris_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iris_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c1523">"IRIS. DEFINITIONS. Publication date: 13/10/2016"</a>. INSEE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRIS.+DEFINITIONS.+Publication+date%3A+13%2F10%2F2016&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Fen%2Fmetadonnees%2Fdefinition%2Fc1523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitut+national+de+la+statistique+et+des+%C3%A9tudes+%C3%A9conomiques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definition/c1523">"IRIS. DÉFINITIONS. Date de publication : 13/10/2016"</a>. INSEE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRIS.+D%C3%89FINITIONS.+Date+de+publication+%3A+13%2F10%2F2016&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fmetadonnees%2Fdefinition%2Fc1523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstitut+national+de+la+statistique+et+des+%C3%A9tudes+%C3%A9conomiques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:INSEE" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:INSEE">INSEE</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P374" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P374">INSEE municipality code (P374)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP374%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P374%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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not exist)">Malta</a> (MT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_Netherlands" title="Statistics Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (NL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_Poland" title="Statistics Poland">Poland</a> (PL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estat%C3%ADstica_(Portugal)" title="Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)">Portugal</a> (PT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Romania)" title="National Institute of Statistics (Romania)">Romania</a> (RO)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistical_Office_of_the_Slovak_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a> (SK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Office_of_Slovenia" title="Statistical Office of Slovenia">Slovenia</a> (SI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">Spain</a> (ES)</li> <li><a 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Statistics_(Albania)" title="Institute of Statistics (Albania)">Albania</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Statistics_(Andorra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Statistics (Andorra) (page does not exist)">Andorra</a> (AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Committee_of_Armenia" title="Statistical Committee of Armenia">Armenia</a> (AM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statistical_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a> (BY)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agency_of_Statistics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agency of Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (BA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Office_of_Georgia" title="National Statistics Office of Georgia">Georgia</a> (GE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Agency_of_Statistics" title="Kosovo Agency of Statistics">Kosovo</a> (XK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Statistics" title="Monaco Statistics">Monaco</a> (MC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Office_of_Montenegro" title="Statistical Office of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> (ME)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" title="National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova">Moldova</a> (MD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Statistical_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Statistical Office (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a> (MK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Russia</a> (RU)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Economic_Planning,_Data_Processing_and_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Economic Planning, Data Processing and Statistics (page does not exist)">San Marino</a> (SM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Office_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia">Serbia</a> (RS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Statistical_Institute" title="Turkish Statistical Institute">Turkey</a> (TR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Statistics_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Statistics Service of Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (UA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">United Kingdom</a> (GB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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