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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Architecture and operating systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture_and_operating_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TOP500" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TOP500"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>TOP500</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TOP500-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other rankings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_rankings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other rankings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Top countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fastest_supercomputer_in_TOP500_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fastest_supercomputer_in_TOP500_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fastest supercomputer in TOP500 by country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fastest_supercomputer_in_TOP500_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systems_ranked_No._1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systems_ranked_No._1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Systems ranked No. 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systems_ranked_No._1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Additional statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_developments_in_supercomputing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_developments_in_supercomputing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>New developments in supercomputing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_developments_in_supercomputing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Large_machines_not_on_the_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Large_machines_not_on_the_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Large machines not on the list</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Large_machines_not_on_the_list-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Large machines not on the list subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Large_machines_not_on_the_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Computers_and_architectures_that_have_dropped_off_the_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computers_and_architectures_that_have_dropped_off_the_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Computers and architectures that have dropped off the list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computers_and_architectures_that_have_dropped_off_the_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8_500" title="توب 500 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توب 500" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4500" title="טופ500 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טופ500" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D500" title="ടോപ്പ്500 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടോപ്പ്500" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top500" title="Top500 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Top500" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%9F500" title="ТОП500 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ТОП500" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="TOP500" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">TOP500</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Top500_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Top500_logo.svg/220px-Top500_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Top500_logo.svg/330px-Top500_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Top500_logo.svg/440px-Top500_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="227" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Erich Strohmaier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">Jack Dongarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_D._Simon" title="Horst D. Simon">Horst D. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Meuer" title="Hans Meuer">Hans Meuer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">24 June 1993<span class="noprint">; 31 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993-06-24</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/">top500.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>TOP500</b> project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-<a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed computer</a> systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a> twice a year. The first of these updates always coincides with the <a href="/wiki/International_Supercomputing_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International Supercomputing Conference">International Supercomputing Conference</a> in June, and the second is presented at the <a href="/wiki/ACM/IEEE_Supercomputing_Conference" title="ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference">ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference</a> in November. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing and bases rankings on <a href="/wiki/HPL_(benchmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="HPL (benchmark)">HPL benchmarks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a portable implementation of the high-performance <a href="/wiki/LINPACK_benchmarks" title="LINPACK benchmarks">LINPACK benchmark</a> written in <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> for <a href="/wiki/Distributed_memory" title="Distributed memory">distributed-memory</a> computers. </p><p>The most recent edition of TOP500 was published in November 2024 as the 64th edition of TOP500, while the next edition of TOP500 will be published in June 2025 as the 65th edition of TOP500. As of November 2024, the United States' <a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(supercomputer)" title="El Capitan (supercomputer)">El Capitan</a> is the most powerful supercomputer in the TOP500, reaching 1742 <a href="/wiki/PetaFLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="PetaFLOPS">petaFlops</a> (1.742 exaFlops) on the LINPACK benchmarks.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, the United States has by far the highest share of total computing power on the list (nearly 50%).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, the United States has the highest number of systems with 173 supercomputers; China is in second place with 63, and Germany is third at 40. </p><p>The 59th edition of TOP500, published in June 2022, was the first edition of TOP500 to feature only 64-bit supercomputers; as of June 2022, 32-bit supercomputers are no longer listed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The TOP500 list is compiled by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">Jack Dongarra</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville</a>, Erich Strohmaier and Horst Simon of the <a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Research_Scientific_Computing_Center" title="National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center">National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center</a> (NERSC) and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> (LBNL), and, until his death in 2014, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Meuer" title="Hans Meuer">Hans Meuer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">University of Mannheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The TOP500 project also includes lists such as <a href="/wiki/Green500" title="Green500">Green500</a> (measuring energy efficiency) and <a href="/wiki/HPCG_benchmark" title="HPCG benchmark">HPCG</a> (measuring I/O bandwidth).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supercomputers-history.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Supercomputers-history.svg/220px-Supercomputers-history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Supercomputers-history.svg/330px-Supercomputers-history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Supercomputers-history.svg/440px-Supercomputers-history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption>Rapid growth of supercomputer performance, based on data from the top500.org website. The logarithmic <i>y</i>-axis shows performance in G<a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">FLOPS</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Combined performance of 500 largest supercomputers</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Fastest supercomputer</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Supercomputer in 500th place</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1990s, a new definition of <i>supercomputer</i> was needed to produce meaningful statistics. After experimenting with metrics based on processor count in 1992, the idea arose at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">University of Mannheim</a> to use a detailed listing of installed systems as the basis. In early 1993, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">Jack Dongarra</a> was persuaded to join the project with his <a href="/wiki/LINPACK_benchmarks" title="LINPACK benchmarks">LINPACK benchmarks</a>. A first test version was produced in May 1993, partly based on data available on the Internet, including the following sources:<sup id="cite_ref-hpcwire_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hpcwire-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-netlib_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netlib-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"List of the World's Most Powerful Computing Sites" maintained by Gunter Ahrendt<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>David Kahaner, the director of the Asian Technology Information Program (ATIP);<sup id="cite_ref-kahaner_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kahaner-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published a report in 1992, titled "Kahaner Report on Supercomputer in Japan"<sup id="cite_ref-netlib_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netlib-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had an immense amount of data.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>The information from those sources was used for the first two lists. Since June 1993, the TOP500 is produced bi-annually based on site and vendor submissions only. Since 1993, performance of the No. 1 ranked position has grown steadily in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_law" title="Moore's law">Moore's law</a>, doubling roughly every 14 months. In June 2018, <i><a href="/wiki/Summit_(supercomputer)" title="Summit (supercomputer)">Summit</a></i> was fastest with an Rpeak<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 187.6593 P<a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">FLOPS</a>. For comparison, this is over 1,432,513 times faster than the <a href="/wiki/Connection_Machine" title="Connection Machine">Connection Machine</a> CM-5/1024 (1,024 cores), which was the fastest system in November 1993 (twenty-five years prior) with an Rpeak of 131.0 G<a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">FLOPS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture_and_operating_systems">Architecture and operating systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture and operating systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Processor_families_in_TOP500_supercomputers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Processor_families_in_TOP500_supercomputers.svg/390px-Processor_families_in_TOP500_supercomputers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Processor_families_in_TOP500_supercomputers.svg/585px-Processor_families_in_TOP500_supercomputers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Processor_families_in_TOP500_supercomputers.svg/780px-Processor_families_in_TOP500_supercomputers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="873" /></a><figcaption>Share of processor families in TOP500 supercomputers by year<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (August 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As of June 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, all supercomputers on TOP500 are <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> supercomputers, mostly based on <a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPUs</a> with the <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">instruction set architecture</a>, 384 of which are <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> <a href="/wiki/EMT64" class="mw-redirect" title="EMT64">EMT64</a>-based and 101 of which are <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> <a href="/wiki/AMD64" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD64">AMD64</a>-based, with the latter including the top eight supercomputers. 15 other supercomputers are all based on <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a> architectures, including six based on <a href="/wiki/AArch64" title="AArch64">ARM64</a> and seven based on the <a href="/wiki/Power_ISA" title="Power ISA">Power ISA</a> used by <a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_microprocessors" title="IBM Power microprocessors">IBM Power microprocessors</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In recent years, <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_computing" title="Heterogeneous computing">heterogeneous computing</a> has dominated the TOP500, mostly using <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">graphics processing units</a> (GPUs) or Intel's x86-based <a href="/wiki/Xeon_Phi" title="Xeon Phi">Xeon Phi</a> as <a href="/wiki/Coprocessor" title="Coprocessor">coprocessors</a>. This is because of better <a href="/wiki/Performance_per_watt" title="Performance per watt">performance per watt</a> ratios and higher absolute performance. AMD GPUs have taken the top 1 and displaced Nvidia in top 10 part of the list. The recent exceptions include the aforementioned <a href="/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)" title="Fugaku (supercomputer)">Fugaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunway_TaihuLight" title="Sunway TaihuLight">Sunway TaihuLight</a>, and <a href="/wiki/K_computer" title="K computer">K computer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tianhe-2" title="Tianhe-2">Tianhe-2A</a> is also an interesting exception, as US <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">sanctions</a> prevented use of Xeon Phi; instead, it was upgraded to use the Chinese-designed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matrix-2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matrix-2000 (page does not exist)">Matrix-2000</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accelerators.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Two computers which first appeared on the list in 2018 were based on architectures new to the TOP500. One was a new x86-64 <a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">microarchitecture</a> from Chinese manufacturer Sugon, using <a href="/wiki/Hygon_Dhyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygon Dhyana">Hygon Dhyana</a> CPUs (these resulted from a collaboration with AMD, and are a minor variant of <a href="/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)" title="Zen (microarchitecture)">Zen</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Epyc#Chinese_variants" title="Epyc">AMD EPYC</a>) and was ranked 38th, now 117th,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the other was the first <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a>-based computer on the list –  using <a href="/wiki/Cavium_ThunderX" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavium ThunderX">Cavium ThunderX2</a> CPUs.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the ascendancy of <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> and later <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> in the early 2000s, a variety of RISC processor families made up most TOP500 supercomputers, including <a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/PA-RISC" title="PA-RISC">PA-RISC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operating_systems_used_on_top_500_supercomputers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Operating_systems_used_on_top_500_supercomputers.svg/500px-Operating_systems_used_on_top_500_supercomputers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Operating_systems_used_on_top_500_supercomputers.svg/960px-Operating_systems_used_on_top_500_supercomputers.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Share of operating systems families in TOP500 supercomputers by time trend</figcaption></figure> <p>All the fastest supercomputers since the <a href="/wiki/Earth_Simulator" title="Earth Simulator">Earth Simulator</a> supercomputer have used operating systems based on <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>. Since November 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, all the listed supercomputers use an operating system based on the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-top500stats_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top500stats-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since November 2015, no computer on the list runs <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> (while Microsoft reappeared on the list in 2021 with <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> based on Linux). In November 2014, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Azure" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Azure">Windows Azure</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cloud computer was no longer on the list of fastest supercomputers (its best rank was 165th in 2012), leaving the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Supercomputer_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Supercomputer Center">Shanghai Supercomputer Center</a>'s <i>Magic Cube</i> as the only Windows-based supercomputer on the list, until it also dropped off the list. It was ranked 436th in its last appearance on the list released in June 2015, while its best rank was 11th in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no longer any <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh operating systems">Mac OS</a> computers on the list. It had at most five such systems at a time, one more than the Windows systems that came later, while the total performance share for Windows was higher. Their relative performance share of the whole list was however similar, and never high for either. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/System_X_(supercomputer)" title="System X (supercomputer)">System X</a> supercomputer based on <a href="/wiki/OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X">Mac OS X</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xserve" title="Xserve">Xserve</a>, with 2,200 <a href="/wiki/PowerPC_970" title="PowerPC 970">PowerPC 970</a> processors) once ranked 7th place.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been well over a decade since <a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a> systems dropped entirely off the list<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the <a href="/wiki/Gyoukou" title="Gyoukou">Gyoukou</a> supercomputer that jumped to 4th place<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in November 2017 had a MIPS-based design as a small part of the coprocessors. Use of 2,048-core coprocessors (plus 8× 6-core MIPS, for each, that "no longer require to rely on an external Intel Xeon E5 host processor"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) made the supercomputer much more energy efficient than the other top 10 (i.e. it was 5th on <a href="/wiki/Green500" title="Green500">Green500</a> and other such <i>ZettaScaler-2.2</i>-based systems take first three spots).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 19.86 million cores, it was by far the largest system by core-count, with almost double that of the then-best <a href="/wiki/Manycore_processor" title="Manycore processor">manycore</a> system, the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Sunway_TaihuLight" title="Sunway TaihuLight">Sunway TaihuLight</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TOP500">TOP500</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: TOP500"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of November 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the number one supercomputer is <a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(supercomputer)" title="El Capitan (supercomputer)">El Capitan</a>, the leader on Green500 is JEDI, a Bull Sequana XH3000 system using the Nvidia Grace Hopper GH200 Superchip. In June 2022, the top 4 systems of Graph500 used both AMD CPUs and AMD accelerators. After an upgrade, for the 56th TOP500 in November 2020, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Fugaku grew its HPL performance to 442 petaflops, a modest increase from the 416 petaflops the system achieved when it debuted in June 2020. More significantly, the <a href="/wiki/ARMv8.2" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv8.2">ARMv8.2</a> based Fugaku increased its performance on the new mixed precision HPC-AI benchmark to 2.0 exaflops, besting its 1.4 exaflops mark recorded six months ago. These represent the first benchmark measurements above one exaflop for any precision on any type of hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Summit, a previously fastest supercomputer, is currently highest-ranked IBM-made supercomputer; with IBM <a href="/wiki/POWER9" title="POWER9">POWER9</a> CPUs. <a href="/wiki/IBM_Sequoia" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Sequoia">Sequoia</a> became the last IBM <a href="/wiki/IBM_Blue_Gene#Blue_Gene/Q" title="IBM Blue Gene">Blue Gene/Q</a> model to drop completely off the list; it had been ranked 10th on the 52nd list (and 1st on the June 2012, 41st list, after an upgrade). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For the first time, all 500 systems deliver a petaflop or more on the High Performance Linpack (HPL) benchmark, with the entry level to the list now at 1.022 petaflops." However, for a different benchmark "Summit and Sierra remain the only two systems to exceed a petaflop on the <a href="/wiki/HPCG_benchmark" title="HPCG benchmark">HPCG benchmark</a>, delivering 2.9 petaflops and 1.8 petaflops, respectively. The average HPCG result on the current list is 213.3 teraflops, a marginal increase from 211.2 six months ago.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> is back on the TOP500 list with six <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> instances (that use/are benchmarked with <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>, so all the supercomputers are still Linux-based), with CPUs and GPUs from same vendors, the fastest one currently 11th,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another older/slower previously made 10th.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And Amazon with one AWS instance currently ranked 64th (it was previously ranked 40th). The number of Arm-based supercomputers is 6; currently all Arm-based supercomputers use the same Fujitsu CPU as in the number 2 system, with the next one previously ranked 13th, now 25th.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245584064">@media screen{html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{padding-right:0.4em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort{padding-right:1px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva 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.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable .ts-vertical-header>div{padding-top:0}@media(pointer:coarse){html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:center bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:right bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.6em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.8em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.5em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.4em}}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable sort-under"> <caption>Top 10 positions of the 64th TOP500 in November 2024<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank (previous) </th> <th width="50">Rmax<br />Rpeak<br /><sup>(Peta<a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">FLOPS</a>)</sup> </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Model </th> <th>CPU cores </th> <th>Accelerator (e.g. GPU) cores </th> <th>Total Cores (CPUs + Accelerators) </th> <th>Interconnect </th> <th width="40">Manufacturer </th> <th>Site<br />country </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Operating<br />system </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="New entry"><img alt="New entry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/23px-New_black_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/35px-New_black_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/46px-New_black_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="23" data-file-height="12" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">1,742.00 <br />2,746.38 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(supercomputer)" title="El Capitan (supercomputer)">El Capitan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray"> HPE Cray EX255a</a> </td> <td>1,051,392<br /> (43,808 × 24-core <a href="/wiki/Epyc#Fourth_generation_Epyc_(Genoa,_Bergamo_and_Siena)" title="Epyc">Optimized 4th Generation EPYC 24C</a> @1.8 GHz) </td> <td>9,988,224<br /> (43,808 × 228 AMD <a href="/wiki/AMD_Instinct" title="AMD Instinct">Instinct MI300A</a>) </td> <td align="center">11,039,616 </td> <td>Slingshot-11 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/TOSS_(operating_system)" title="TOSS (operating system)">TOSS</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">1,353.00 <br />2,055.72 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frontier_(supercomputer)" title="Frontier (supercomputer)">Frontier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HPE_Cray_EX235a" class="mw-redirect" title="HPE Cray EX235a">HPE Cray EX235a</a> </td> <td>614,656<br /> (9,604 × 64-core <a href="/wiki/Optimized_3rd_Generation_EPYC_64C" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C">Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C</a> @2.0 GHz) </td> <td>8,451,520<br /> (38,416 × 220 AMD <a href="/wiki/AMD_Instinct" title="AMD Instinct">Instinct MI250X</a>) </td> <td align="center">9,066,176 </td> <td>Slingshot-11 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cray_Linux_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cray Linux Environment">HPE Cray OS</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">1,012.00<br />1,980.01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(supercomputer)" title="Aurora (supercomputer)">Aurora</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray"> HPE Cray EX</a> </td> <td>1,104,896<br /> (21,248 × 52-core Intel <a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Rapids#Sapphire_Rapids-HBM_(High_Banwidth_Memory/Xeon_Max_Series)" title="Sapphire Rapids">Xeon Max 9470</a> @2.4 GHz) </td> <td>8,159,232 <br /> (63,744 × 128 Intel <a href="/wiki/Intel_Xe#Ponte_Vecchio" title="Intel Xe">Max 1550</a>) </td> <td align="center">9,264,128 </td> <td>Slingshot-11 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">561.20<br />846.84 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_(supercomputer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagle (supercomputer) (page does not exist)">Eagle</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_NDv5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microsoft NDv5 (page does not exist)">Microsoft NDv5</a> </td> <td>172,800<br /> (3,600 × 48-core Intel <a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Rapids#Sapphire_Rapids-SP_(Scalable_Performance)" title="Sapphire Rapids">Xeon Platinum 8480C</a> @2.0 GHz) </td> <td>1,900,800 <br /> (14,400 × 132 Nvidia <a href="/wiki/Hopper_(microarchitecture)" title="Hopper (microarchitecture)">Hopper</a> H100) </td> <td align="center">2,073,600 </td> <td>NVIDIA Infiniband NDR </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_22.04_LTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu 22.04 LTS">Ubuntu 22.04 LTS</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="New entry"><img alt="New entry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/23px-New_black_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/35px-New_black_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/46px-New_black_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="23" data-file-height="12" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">477.90<br />606.97 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=HPC6_(supercomputer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HPC6 (supercomputer) (page does not exist)">HPC6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray"> HPE Cray EX235a</a> </td> <td>213,120<br /> (3,330 × 64-core <a href="/wiki/Optimized_3rd_Generation_EPYC_64C" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C">Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C</a> @2.0 GHz) </td> <td>2,930,400 <br /> (13,320 × 220 AMD <a href="/wiki/AMD_Instinct" title="AMD Instinct">Instinct MI250X</a>) </td> <td align="center">3,143,520 </td> <td>Slingshot-11 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eni_S.p.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Eni S.p.A.">Eni S.p.A</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrera_Erbognone" title="Ferrera Erbognone">Ferrera Erbognone</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">RHEL</a> 8.9) </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">442.01<br />537.21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)" title="Fugaku (supercomputer)">Fugaku</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)" title="Fugaku (supercomputer)">Supercomputer Fugaku</a> </td> <td>7,630,848<br /> (158,976 × 48-core <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu_A64FX" title="Fujitsu A64FX">Fujitsu A64FX</a> @2.2 GHz) </td> <td>- </td> <td align="center">7,630,848 </td> <td>Tofu interconnect D </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riken" title="Riken">Riken Center for Computational Science</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">RHEL</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">434.90 <br />574.84 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alps_(supercomputer)" title="Alps (supercomputer)">Alps</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray"> HPE Cray EX254n</a> </td> <td>748,800<br /> (10,400 × 72-Arm Neoverse V2 cores <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_Grace" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvidia Grace">Nvidia Grace</a> @3.1 GHz) </td> <td>1,372,800 <br /> (10,400 × 132 Nvidia <a href="/wiki/Hopper_(microarchitecture)" title="Hopper (microarchitecture)">Hopper</a> H100) </td> <td align="center">2,121,600 </td> <td>Slingshot-11 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centro_Svizzero_di_Calcolo_Scientifico" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico">CSCS Swiss National Supercomputing Centre</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/14px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/21px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cray_Linux_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cray Linux Environment">HPE Cray OS</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">379.70<br />531.51 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LUMI_(supercomputer)" class="mw-redirect" title="LUMI (supercomputer)">LUMI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray"> HPE Cray EX235a</a> </td> <td>186,624<br /> (2,916 × 64-core <a href="/wiki/Optimized_3rd_Generation_EPYC_64C" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C">Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C</a> @2.0 GHz) </td> <td>2,566,080 <br /> (11,664 × 220 AMD <a href="/wiki/AMD_Instinct" title="AMD Instinct">Instinct MI250X</a>) </td> <td align="center">2,752,704 </td> <td>Slingshot-11 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EuroHPC_JU" class="mw-redirect" title="EuroHPC JU">EuroHPC JU</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kajaani" title="Kajaani">Kajaani</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cray_Linux_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cray Linux Environment">HPE Cray OS</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">241.20<br />306.31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(supercomputer)" title="Leonardo (supercomputer)">Leonardo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BullSequana" title="BullSequana">BullSequana</a> XH2000 </td> <td>110,592<br /> (3,456 × 32-core <a href="/wiki/Ice_Lake_(microprocessor)#Xeon_Platinum_series" title="Ice Lake (microprocessor)">Xeon Platinum 8358</a> @2.6 GHz) </td> <td>1,714,176 <br /> (15,872 × 108 <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_Ampere" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvidia Ampere">Nvidia Ampere</a> A100) </td> <td align="center">1,824,768 </td> <td>Quad-rail NVIDIA HDR100 <a href="/wiki/Infiniband" class="mw-redirect" title="Infiniband">Infiniband</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">Atos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EuroHPC_JU" class="mw-redirect" title="EuroHPC JU">EuroHPC JU</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">RHEL</a> 8)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="New entry"><img alt="New entry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/23px-New_black_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/35px-New_black_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/New_black_yellow.svg/46px-New_black_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="23" data-file-height="12" /></span></span> </th> <td align="center">208.10<br />288.88 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuolumne_(supercomputer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuolumne (supercomputer) (page does not exist)">Tuolumne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray"> HPE Cray EX255a</a> </td> <td>110,592<br /> (4,608 × 24-core <a href="/wiki/Epyc#Fourth_generation_Epyc_(Genoa,_Bergamo_and_Siena)" title="Epyc">Optimized 4th Generation EPYC 24C</a> @1.8 GHz) </td> <td>1,050,624 <br /> (4,608 × 228 AMD <a href="/wiki/AMD_Instinct" title="AMD Instinct">Instinct MI300A</a>) </td> <td align="center">1,161,216 </td> <td>Slingshot-11 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tri-Lab_Operating_System_Stack" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-Lab Operating System Stack">TOSS</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Legend:<sup id="cite_ref-top500description_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top500description-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Rank – Position within the TOP500 ranking. In the TOP500 list table, the computers are ordered first by their Rmax value. In the case of equal performances (Rmax value) for different computers, the order is by Rpeak. For sites that have the same computer, the order is by memory size and then alphabetically.</li> <li>Rmax – The highest score measured using the <a href="/wiki/LINPACK_benchmarks" title="LINPACK benchmarks">LINPACK benchmarks</a> suite. This is the number that is used to rank the computers. Measured in <a href="/wiki/1000000000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000000000 (number)">quadrillions</a> of 64-bit <a href="/wiki/Floating_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating point">floating point</a> operations per <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a>, i.e., peta<a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">FLOPS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-top500faq_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top500faq-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rpeak – This is the theoretical peak performance of the system. Computed in petaFLOPS.</li> <li>Name – Some supercomputers are unique, at least on its location, and are thus named by their owner.</li> <li>Model – The computing platform as it is marketed.</li> <li>Processor – The <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction set">instruction set</a> architecture or processor <a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">microarchitecture</a>, alongside GPU and accelerators when available.</li> <li>Interconnect – The <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">interconnect</a> between computing nodes. <a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a> is most used (38%) by performance share, while <a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet">Gigabit Ethernet</a> is most used (54%) by number of computers.</li> <li>Manufacturer – The manufacturer of the platform and hardware.</li> <li>Site – The name of the facility operating the supercomputer.</li> <li>Country – The country in which the computer is located.</li> <li>Year – The year of installation or last major update.</li> <li>Operating system – The operating system that the computer uses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_rankings">Other rankings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_countries">Top countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Top countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numbers below represent the number of computers in the TOP500 that are in each of the listed countries or territories. As of 2024, United States has the most supercomputers on the list, with 173 machines. The United States has the highest aggregate computational power at 6,324 Petaflops Rmax with Japan second (919 Pflop/s) and Germany third (396 Pflop/s). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1274038083">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0;border-spacing:0px}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart tbody{display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{display:block;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:3px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart tr:not(:first-child):hover{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#ffffff)}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{border:dashed 1pt grey}}</style> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Distribution of supercomputers in the TOP500 list by country (as of November 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Country or Territory </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35em">Systems </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:30.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">173</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:11em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">63</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">40</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">34</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">24</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">14</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">14</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">13</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">10</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">9</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">9</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">8</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">8</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">7</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">7</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">6</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">6</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">6</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.9em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">5</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">4</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">4</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">4</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">3</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">3</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">3</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">3</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">3</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">2</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">2</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">2</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Distribution of supercomputers in the TOP500 list by country and by year </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country<br />/<br />Region </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style>Nov 2024<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2024<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2023<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2023<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2022<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2022<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2021<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2021<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2020<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2020<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2019<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2019<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2018<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2018<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2017<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2017<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2016<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2016<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2015<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2015<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2014<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2014<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2013<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2013<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2012<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2012<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2011<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2011<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2010<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2010<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2009<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2009<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2008<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2008<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2007<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Jun 2007<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-top" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606" />Nov 2006<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>173</td> <td>171</td> <td>161</td> <td>150</td> <td>127</td> <td>128</td> <td>149</td> <td>122</td> <td>113</td> <td>114</td> <td>117</td> <td>116</td> <td>109</td> <td>124</td> <td>143</td> <td>168</td> <td>171</td> <td>165</td> <td>199</td> <td>233</td> <td>231</td> <td>232</td> <td>264</td> <td>252</td> <td>251</td> <td>252</td> <td>263</td> <td>255</td> <td>274</td> <td>282</td> <td>277</td> <td>291</td> <td>290</td> <td>257</td> <td>283</td> <td>281</td> <td>309 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a></td> <td>129</td> <td>123</td> <td>112</td> <td>103</td> <td>101</td> <td>92</td> <td>83</td> <td>93</td> <td>79</td> <td>79</td> <td>87</td> <td>92</td> <td>91</td> <td>93</td> <td>86</td> <td>99</td> <td>95</td> <td>93</td> <td>94</td> <td>122</td> <td>110</td> <td>103</td> <td>89</td> <td>97</td> <td>89</td> <td>96</td> <td>95</td> <td>109</td> <td>108</td> <td>126</td> <td>137</td> <td>134</td> <td>140</td> <td>169</td> <td>133</td> <td>115</td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>63</td> <td>80</td> <td>104</td> <td>134</td> <td>162</td> <td>173</td> <td>173</td> <td>188</td> <td>214</td> <td>226</td> <td>228</td> <td>220</td> <td>227</td> <td>206</td> <td>202</td> <td>160</td> <td>171</td> <td>168</td> <td>109</td> <td>37</td> <td>61</td> <td>76</td> <td>63</td> <td>66</td> <td>72</td> <td>68</td> <td>74</td> <td>61</td> <td>41</td> <td>24</td> <td>21</td> <td>21</td> <td>15</td> <td>12</td> <td>10</td> <td>13</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>40</td> <td>40</td> <td>36</td> <td>36</td> <td>34</td> <td>31</td> <td>26</td> <td>23</td> <td>17</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>13</td> <td>17</td> <td>21</td> <td>21</td> <td>28</td> <td>31</td> <td>26</td> <td>33</td> <td>37</td> <td>26</td> <td>22</td> <td>20</td> <td>19</td> <td>19</td> <td>20</td> <td>20</td> <td>30</td> <td>26</td> <td>24</td> <td>27</td> <td>29</td> <td>25</td> <td>46</td> <td>31</td> <td>24</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>34</td> <td>29</td> <td>32</td> <td>33</td> <td>31</td> <td>33</td> <td>32</td> <td>34</td> <td>34</td> <td>29</td> <td>29</td> <td>28</td> <td>31</td> <td>36</td> <td>35</td> <td>33</td> <td>27</td> <td>29</td> <td>37</td> <td>40</td> <td>32</td> <td>30</td> <td>28</td> <td>30</td> <td>32</td> <td>35</td> <td>30</td> <td>26</td> <td>26</td> <td>18</td> <td>16</td> <td>15</td> <td>17</td> <td>22</td> <td>20</td> <td>23</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>23</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>22</td> <td>19</td> <td>16</td> <td>18</td> <td>19</td> <td>18</td> <td>20</td> <td>18</td> <td>18</td> <td>18</td> <td>18</td> <td>20</td> <td>18</td> <td>18</td> <td>27</td> <td>30</td> <td>27</td> <td>22</td> <td>23</td> <td>21</td> <td>22</td> <td>23</td> <td>25</td> <td>26</td> <td>27</td> <td>26</td> <td>23</td> <td>26</td> <td>34</td> <td>17</td> <td>13</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>16</td> <td>15</td> <td>14</td> <td>15</td> <td>12</td> <td>11</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>18</td> <td>20</td> <td>22</td> <td>15</td> <td>17</td> <td>13</td> <td>11</td> <td>18</td> <td>29</td> <td>30</td> <td>30</td> <td>23</td> <td>29</td> <td>24</td> <td>25</td> <td>27</td> <td>27</td> <td>25</td> <td>38</td> <td>45</td> <td>44</td> <td>46</td> <td>53</td> <td>48</td> <td>42</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>11</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>13</td> <td>13</td> <td>12</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>5</td> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>10</td> <td>9</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>10</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td>11</td> <td>16</td> <td>15</td> <td>15</td> <td>15</td> <td>13</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>10</td> <td>10</td> <td>10</td> <td>14</td> <td>11</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>12</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>9</td> <td>11</td> <td>10</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>10</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>10</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>7</td> <td>10</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>11</td> <td>10</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>11</td> <td>11</td> <td>9</td> <td>9</td> <td>12</td> <td>11</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>12</td> <td>11</td> <td>11</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>7</td> <td>5</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>5</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>14</td> <td>14</td> <td>14</td> <td>14</td> <td>13</td> <td>12</td> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>9</td> <td>6</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovak Republic</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fastest_supercomputer_in_TOP500_by_country">Fastest supercomputer in TOP500 by country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fastest supercomputer in TOP500 by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(As of November 2023<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country/Territory </th> <th>Fastest supercomputer of country/territory (name) </th> <th>Rank in TOP500 </th> <th>Rmax<br />Rpeak (TFlop/s) </th> <th>Site </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(supercomputer)" title="El Capitan (supercomputer)">El Capitan</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1,742,000.0<br />2,746,380.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)" title="Fugaku (supercomputer)">Fugaku</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>442,010.0<br />537,210.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RIKEN" class="mw-redirect" title="RIKEN">RIKEN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LUMI" title="LUMI">LUMI</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>379,700.0<br />531,510.0 </td> <td>Center for Scientific Computing </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(supercomputer)" title="Leonardo (supercomputer)">Leonardo</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>238,700.0<br />304,470.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CINECA" title="CINECA">CINECA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MareNostrum" title="MareNostrum">MareNostrum</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>138,200.0<br />265,570.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Supercomputing_Center" title="Barcelona Supercomputing Center">Barcelona Supercomputing Center</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunway_TaihuLight" title="Sunway TaihuLight">Sunway TaihuLight</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>93,010.0<br />125,440.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Supercomputing_Center_in_Wuxi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi">National Supercomputing Center, Wuxi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>ISEG </td> <td>16 </td> <td>46,540.0<br />86,790.0 </td> <td>Nebius </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>Adastra </td> <td>17 </td> <td>46,100.0<br />61,610.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GENCI" title="GENCI">GENCI</a>-<a href="/wiki/National_Computer_Center_for_Higher_Education_(France)" title="National Computer Center for Higher Education (France)">CINES</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JUWELS" title="JUWELS">JUWELS</a> (booster module) </td> <td>18 </td> <td>44,120.0<br />70,980.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forschungszentrum_J%C3%BClich" title="Forschungszentrum Jülich">Forschungszentrum Jülich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_(supercomputer)" title="Shaheen (supercomputer)">Shaheen III</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>35,660.0<br />39,610.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_Abdullah_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdullah University of Science and Technology">King Abdullah University of Science and Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td>Sejong </td> <td>22 </td> <td>32,970.0<br />40,770.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naver_Corporation" title="Naver Corporation">Naver Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>Setonix </td> <td>25 </td> <td>27,160.0<br />35,000.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pawsey_Supercomputing_Centre" title="Pawsey Supercomputing Centre">Pawsey Supercomputing Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>DeepL Mercury </td> <td>34 </td> <td>21,850.0<br />33,850.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DeepL_Translator" title="DeepL Translator">DeepL SE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>Chervonenkis </td> <td>36 </td> <td>21,530.0<br />29,420.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piz_Daint_(supercomputer)" title="Piz Daint (supercomputer)">Piz Daint</a> </td> <td>37 </td> <td>21,230.0<br />27,150.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Supercomputing_Centre" title="Swiss National Supercomputing Centre">Swiss National Supercomputing Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>ARCHER2 </td> <td>39 </td> <td>19,540.0<br />25,800.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Engineering_and_Physical_Sciences_Research_Council" title="Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council">EPSRC</a>/<a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>Pégaso </td> <td>45 </td> <td>19,070.0<br />42,000.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petróleo Brasileiro S.A</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PRIMEHPC_FX10" title="PRIMEHPC FX10">PRIMEHPC</a> FX1000 </td> <td>69 </td> <td>11,160.0<br />12,980.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Weather_Administration" title="Central Weather Administration">Central Weather Administration</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>MeluXina - Accelerator Module </td> <td>71 </td> <td>10,520.0<br />15,290.0 </td> <td>LuxProvide </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Airawat </td> <td>90 </td> <td>8,500.0<br />13,170.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Development_of_Advanced_Computing" title="Centre for Development of Advanced Computing">Centre for Development of Advanced Computing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>Lanta </td> <td>94 </td> <td>8,150.0<br />13,770.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NECTEC" title="NECTEC">NECTEC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>Underhill </td> <td>102 </td> <td>7,760.0<br />10,920.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shared_Services_Canada" title="Shared Services Canada">Shared Services Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> </td> <td>Artemis </td> <td>107 </td> <td>7,260.0<br />9,490.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Group_42_(Emirati_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 42 (Emirati company)">Group 42</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a> </td> <td>Karolina, GPU partition </td> <td>113 </td> <td>6,750.0<br />9,080.0 </td> <td>IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center, VSB-<a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Ostrava" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Ostrava">Technical University of Ostrava</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>Athena </td> <td>155 </td> <td>5,050.0<br />7,710.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AGH_University_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="AGH University of Science and Technology">AGH University of Science and Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td>Betzy </td> <td>161 </td> <td>4,720.0<br />6,190.0 </td> <td>UNINETT Sigma2 AS </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>Discoverer </td> <td>166 </td> <td>4,520.0<br />5,940.0 </td> <td>Consortium Petascale Supercomputer Bulgaria </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>Clementina XXI </td> <td>196 </td> <td>3,880.0<br />5,990.0 </td> <td>Servicio Meteorológico Nacional </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td>VEGA HPC CPU </td> <td>198 </td> <td>3,820.0<br />5,370.0 </td> <td>IZUM </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>AIC1 </td> <td>218 </td> <td>3,550.0<br />6,970.0 </td> <td>Software Company MIR </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td>Aspire 2A </td> <td>233 </td> <td>3,330.0<br />6,480.0 </td> <td>National Supercomputing Centre Singapore </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>Toubkal </td> <td>246 </td> <td>3,160.0<br />5,010.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_Polytechnic_University" title="Mohammed VI Polytechnic University">Mohammed VI Polytechnic University</a> - African Supercomputing Centre </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td>Komondor </td> <td>266 </td> <td>3,100.0<br />4,510.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nemzeti_Inform%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_Infrastrukt%C3%BAra_Fejleszt%C3%A9si_Int%C3%A9zet" title="Nemzeti Információs Infrastruktúra Fejlesztési Intézet">Governmental Information Technology Development Agency (KIFÜ)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>VSC-4 </td> <td>319 </td> <td>2,730.0<br />3,760.0 </td> <td>Vienna Scientific Cluster </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>Lucia </td> <td>322 </td> <td>2,720.0<br />5,310.0 </td> <td>Cenaero </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Systems_ranked_No._1">Systems ranked No. 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Systems ranked No. 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_fastest_computers" title="List of fastest computers">List of fastest computers</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/TOP500" title="Special:EditPage/TOP500">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22TOP500%22">"TOP500"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22TOP500%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22TOP500%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22TOP500%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22TOP500%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22TOP500%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>HPE Cray <a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(supercomputer)" title="El Capitan (supercomputer)">El Capitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, November 2024 – Present)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>HPE Cray <a href="/wiki/Frontier_(supercomputer)" title="Frontier (supercomputer)">Frontier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, June 2022 – November 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Supercomputer <a href="/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)" title="Fugaku (supercomputer)">Fugaku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Riken" title="Riken">Riken</a> Center for Computational Science <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, June 2020 – June 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/Summit_(supercomputer)" title="Summit (supercomputer)">Summit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, June 2018 – June 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>NRCPC <a href="/wiki/Sunway_TaihuLight" title="Sunway TaihuLight">Sunway TaihuLight</a> (National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, June 2016 – November 2017)</li> <li>NUDT <a href="/wiki/Tianhe-2" title="Tianhe-2">Tianhe-2</a>A (National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, June 2013 – June 2016)</li> <li>Cray <a href="/wiki/Titan_(supercomputer)" title="Titan (supercomputer)">Titan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, November 2012 – June 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_(supercomputer)" title="Sequoia (supercomputer)">Sequoia</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Gene/Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Gene/Q">Blue Gene/Q</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, June 2012 – November 2012)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fujitsu <a href="/wiki/K_computer" title="K computer">K computer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Riken" title="Riken">Riken</a> Advanced Institute for Computational Science <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, June 2011 – June 2012)</li> <li>NUDT <a href="/wiki/Tianhe-1" title="Tianhe-1">Tianhe-1</a>A (<a href="/wiki/National_Supercomputing_Center_of_Tianjin" title="National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin">National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, November 2010 – June 2011)</li> <li>Cray <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_(supercomputer)" title="Jaguar (supercomputer)">Jaguar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, November 2009 – November 2010)</li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/Roadrunner_(supercomputer)" title="Roadrunner (supercomputer)">Roadrunner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, June 2008 – November 2009)</li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/IBM_Blue_Gene" title="IBM Blue Gene">Blue Gene</a>/L (<a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, November 2004 – June 2008)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>NEC <a href="/wiki/Earth_Simulator" title="Earth Simulator">Earth Simulator</a> (Earth Simulator Center <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, June 2002 – November 2004)</li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/ASCI_White" title="ASCI White">ASCI White</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, November 2000 – June 2002)</li> <li>Intel <a href="/wiki/ASCI_Red" title="ASCI Red">ASCI Red</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, June 1997 – November 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hitachi <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_SR2201" title="Hitachi SR2201">CP-PACS</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Tsukuba" title="University of Tsukuba">University of Tsukuba</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, November 1996 – June 1997)</li> <li>Hitachi <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_SR2201" title="Hitachi SR2201">SR2201</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, June 1996 – November 1996)</li> <li>Fujitsu <a href="/wiki/Numerical_Wind_Tunnel" title="Numerical Wind Tunnel">Numerical Wind Tunnel</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan" title="National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan">National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, November 1994 – June 1996)</li> <li>Intel <a href="/wiki/Intel_Paragon" title="Intel Paragon">Paragon XP/S</a>140 (<a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, June 1994 – November 1994)</li> <li>Fujitsu <a href="/wiki/Numerical_Wind_Tunnel" title="Numerical Wind Tunnel">Numerical Wind Tunnel</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan" title="National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan">National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, November 1993 – June 1994)</li> <li>TMC <a href="/wiki/Connection_Machine" title="Connection Machine">CM-5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, June 1993 – November 1993)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_statistics">Additional statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Additional statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By number of systems as of November 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>:<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1274038083" /> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Top five accelerators/co-processors </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Accelerator </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35em">Systems </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ampere_(microarchitecture)" title="Ampere (microarchitecture)">NVIDIA AMPERE A100</a> (Launched: 2020) </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:23.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">27</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Volta_(microarchitecture)" title="Volta (microarchitecture)">NVIDIA TESLA V100</a> (Launched: 2017) </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:19.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">22</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ampere_(microarchitecture)" title="Ampere (microarchitecture)">NVIDIA AMPERE A100 SXM4 40 GB</a> (Launched: 2020) </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:14em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">16</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(microarchitecture)" title="Hopper (microarchitecture)">NVIDIA HOPPER H100</a> (Launched: 2022) </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:13.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">15</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(microarchitecture)" title="Hopper (microarchitecture)">NVIDIA HOPPER H100 SXM5 80 GB</a> (Launched: 2022) </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:12.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">14</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1274038083" /> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Top five manufacturers by system quantity </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Manufacturer </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35em">Systems </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:28.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">162</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:20.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">115</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Atos#Eviden" title="Atos">EVIDEN</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:9.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">52</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">DELL</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:6.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">37</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">26</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1274038083" /> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Top five operating systems </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Operating System </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35em">Systems </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:26.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">191</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">34</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HPE_Cray_OS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HPE Cray OS (page does not exist)">HPE Cray OS</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">25</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">24</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cray_Linux_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cray Linux Environment">Cray Linux Environment</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 35em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 35em;"><span class="nowrap">17</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Note: All operating systems of the TOP500 systems are <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>-family based, but Linux above is generic Linux. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sunway_TaihuLight" title="Sunway TaihuLight">Sunway TaihuLight</a> is the system with the most CPU cores (10,649,600). <a href="/wiki/Tianhe-2" title="Tianhe-2">Tianhe-2</a> has the most GPU/accelerator cores (4,554,752). <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(supercomputer)" title="Aurora (supercomputer)">Aurora</a> is the system with the greatest power consumption with 38,698 kilowatts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_developments_in_supercomputing">New developments in supercomputing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New developments in supercomputing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2014, it was announced that the United States was developing two new supercomputers to exceed China's Tianhe-2 in its place as world's fastest supercomputer. The two computers, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_(supercomputer)" title="Sierra (supercomputer)">Sierra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Summit_(supercomputer)" title="Summit (supercomputer)">Summit</a>, will each exceed Tianhe-2's 55 peak petaflops. Summit, the more powerful of the two, will deliver 150–300 peak petaflops.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 April 2015, US government agencies banned selling chips, from Nvidia to supercomputing centers in China as "acting contrary to the <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> ... interests of the United States";<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Intel Corporation from providing Xeon chips to China due to their use, according to the US, in researching nuclear weapons – research to which US <a href="/wiki/Export_control" title="Export control">export control</a> law bans US companies from contributing – "The Department of Commerce refused, saying it was concerned about nuclear research being done with the machine."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 July 2015, <a href="/wiki/President_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="President Obama">President Obama</a> signed an executive order creating a <a href="/wiki/National_Strategic_Computing_Initiative" title="National Strategic Computing Initiative">National Strategic Computing Initiative</a> calling for the accelerated development of an <a href="/wiki/Exascale_computing" title="Exascale computing">exascale</a> (1000 petaflop) system and funding research into post-semiconductor computing.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2016, Japanese firm Fujitsu announced at the <a href="/wiki/International_Supercomputing_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International Supercomputing Conference">International Supercomputing Conference</a> that its future <a href="/wiki/Exascale_computing" title="Exascale computing">exascale</a> supercomputer will feature processors of its own design that implement the <a href="/wiki/ARMv8" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv8">ARMv8</a> architecture. The Flagship2020 program, by Fujitsu for RIKEN plans to break the exaflops barrier by 2020 through the <a href="/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)" title="Fugaku (supercomputer)">Fugaku supercomputer</a>, (and "it looks like China and France have a chance to do so and that the United States is content – for the moment at least – to wait until 2023 to break through the exaflops barrier."<sup id="cite_ref-Flagship2020_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flagship2020-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) These processors will also implement extensions to the ARMv8 architecture equivalent to HPC-ACE2 that Fujitsu is developing with <a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Flagship2020_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flagship2020-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2016, Sunway TaihuLight became the No. 1 system with 93 petaflop/s (PFLOP/s) on the Linpack benchmark.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2016, Piz Daint was upgraded, moving it from 8th to 3rd, leaving the US with no systems under the TOP3 for the 2nd time.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Inspur" title="Inspur">Inspur</a>, based out of <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, China, is one of the largest HPC system manufacturers. As of May 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Inspur" title="Inspur">Inspur</a> has become the third manufacturer to have manufactured a 64-way system – a record that has previously been held by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HP</a>. The company has registered over $10B in revenue and has provided a number of systems to countries such as Sudan, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Inspur was also a major technology partner behind both the <a href="/wiki/Tianhe-2" title="Tianhe-2">Tianhe-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunway_TaihuLight" title="Sunway TaihuLight">Taihu</a> supercomputers, occupying the top 2 positions of the TOP500 list up until November 2017. Inspur and <a href="/wiki/Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a> released a few platforms aimed at HPC using GPU such as SR-AI and AGX-2 in May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2018, Summit, an IBM-built system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee, US, took the No. 1 spot with a performance of 122.3 petaflop/s (PFLOP/s), and Sierra, a very similar system at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, US took #3. These systems also took the first two spots on the HPCG benchmark. Due to Summit and Sierra, the US took back the lead as consumer of HPC performance with 38.2% of the overall installed performance while China was second with 29.1% of the overall installed performance. For the first time ever, the leading HPC manufacturer was not a US company. Lenovo took the lead with 23.8% of systems installed. It is followed by HPE with 15.8%, Inspur with 13.6%, Cray with 11.2%, and Sugon with 11%. <sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 March 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> announced the first exaFLOP supercomputer would be operational at <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a> by the end of 2021. The computer, named <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(supercomputer)" title="Aurora (supercomputer)">Aurora</a>, was delivered to Argonne by Intel and <a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray">Cray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 May 2019, The U.S. Department of Energy announced a contract with <a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray">Cray</a> to build the "Frontier" supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Frontier is anticipated to be operational in 2021 and, with a performance of greater than 1.5 exaflops, should then be the world's most powerful computer.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since June 2019, all TOP500 systems deliver a petaflop or more on the <a href="/wiki/HPL_(benchmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="HPL (benchmark)">High Performance Linpack</a> (HPL) benchmark, with the entry level to the list now at 1.022 petaflops.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2022, the Frontier supercomputer broke the <a href="/wiki/Exascale_computing" title="Exascale computing">exascale barrier</a>, completing more than a <a href="/wiki/Quintillion" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintillion">quintillion</a> 64-bit floating point arithmetic calculations per second. Frontier clocked in at approximately 1.1 <a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">exaflops</a>, beating out the previous record-holder, <a href="/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)" title="Fugaku (supercomputer)">Fugaku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Large_machines_not_on_the_list">Large machines not on the list</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Large machines not on the list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some major systems are not on the list. A prominent example is the NCSA's <a href="/wiki/Blue_Waters" title="Blue Waters">Blue Waters</a> which publicly announced the decision not to participate in the list<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because they do not feel it accurately indicates the ability of any system to do useful work.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other organizations decide not to list systems for security and/or commercial competitiveness reasons. One such example is the National Supercomputing Center at Qingdao's <a href="/w/index.php?title=OceanLight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OceanLight (page does not exist)">OceanLight</a> supercomputer, completed in March 2021, which was submitted for, and won, the <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bell_Prize" title="Gordon Bell Prize">Gordon Bell Prize</a>. The computer is an exaflop computer, but was not submitted to the TOP500 list; the first exaflop machine submitted to the TOP500 list was Frontier. Analysts suspected that the reason the NSCQ did not submit what would otherwise have been the world's first exascale supercomputer was to avoid inflaming political sentiments and fears within the United States, in the context of the United States – China trade war.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional purpose-built machines that are not capable or do not run the benchmark were not included, such as <a href="/wiki/RIKEN_MDGRAPE-3" title="RIKEN MDGRAPE-3">RIKEN MDGRAPE-3</a> and <a href="/wiki/MDGRAPE-4" title="MDGRAPE-4">MDGRAPE-4</a>. </p><p>A Google <a href="/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit" title="Tensor Processing Unit">Tensor Processing Unit</a> v4 pod is capable of 1.1 exaflops of peak performance,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while TPU v5p claims over 4 exaflops in <a href="/wiki/Bfloat16_floating-point_format" title="Bfloat16 floating-point format">Bfloat16 floating-point format</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however these units are highly specialized to run <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> workloads and the TOP500 measures a specific benchmark algorithm using a specific numeric precision. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Dojo" title="Tesla Dojo">Tesla Dojo</a>'s primary unnamed cluster using 5,760 <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_A100" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvidia A100">A100</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">graphics processing units</a> (GPUs) was touted by <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Karpathy" title="Andrej Karpathy">Andrej Karpathy</a> in 2021 at the fourth <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Joint_Conference_on_Computer_Vision_and_Pattern_Recognition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Joint Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (page does not exist)">International Joint Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition</a> (CCVPR 2021) to be "roughly the number five supercomputer in the world"<sup id="cite_ref-HPWire2_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPWire2-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at approximately 81.6 <a href="/wiki/PetaFLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="PetaFLOPS">petaflops</a>, based on scaling the performance of the Nvidia <a href="/wiki/Selene_(supercomputer)" title="Selene (supercomputer)">Selene supercomputer</a>, which uses similar components.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2024, <a href="/wiki/Meta_AI" title="Meta AI">Meta AI</a> disclosed the operation of two datacenters with 24,576 H100 GPUs,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is almost 2x as on the Microsoft Azure Eagle (#3 as of September 2024), which could have made them occupy 3rd and 4th places in TOP500, but neither have been benchmarked. During company's Q3 2024 <a href="/wiki/Earnings_call" title="Earnings call">earnings call</a> in October, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">M. Zuckerberg</a> disclosed usage of a cluster with over 100,000 H100s.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a></i> Memphis Supercluster (also known as "Colossus") allegedly features 100,000 of the same H100 GPUs, which could have put in on the first place, but it is reportedly not in full operation due to power shortages.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computers_and_architectures_that_have_dropped_off_the_list">Computers and architectures that have dropped off the list</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Computers and architectures that have dropped off the list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/IBM_Roadrunner" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Roadrunner">IBM Roadrunner</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is no longer on the list (nor is any other using the <a href="/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell</a> coprocessor, or <a href="/wiki/PowerXCell" class="mw-redirect" title="PowerXCell">PowerXCell</a>). </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a>-based systems reached second rank in 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> none now remain. </p><p>Similarly (non-<a href="/wiki/SIMD" class="mw-redirect" title="SIMD">SIMD</a>-style) <a href="/wiki/Vector_processor" title="Vector processor">vector processors</a> (NEC-based such as the <a href="/wiki/Earth_simulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth simulator">Earth simulator</a> that was fastest in 2002<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) have also fallen off the list. Also the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Starfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Starfire">Sun Starfire</a> computers that occupied many spots in the past now no longer appear. </p><p>The last non-Linux computers on the list –  the two <a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a> ones –  running on <a href="/wiki/POWER7" title="POWER7">POWER7</a> (in July 2017 ranked 494th and 495th,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally 86th and 85th), dropped off the list in November 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first edition of TOP500 to feature only 64-bit supercomputers was the 59th edition of TOP500, which was published in June 2022.</li> <li>As of June 2022, TOP500 features only 64-bit supercomputers.</li> <li>The world’s most powerful supercomputers are from the United States and Japan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/23px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/35px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/47px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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title="LINPACK benchmarks">LINPACK benchmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fastest_computers" title="List of fastest computers">List of fastest computers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFA._PetitetR._C._WhaleyJ._DongarraA._Cleary2016" class="citation web cs1">A. Petitet; R. C. Whaley; J. Dongarra; A. Cleary (24 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netlib.org/benchmark/hpl/">"HPL – A Portable Implementation of the High-Performance Linpack Benchmark for Distributed-Memory Computers"</a>. <i>ICL – UTK Computer Science Department</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001102052127/https://www.netlib.org/benchmark/hpl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICL+%E2%80%93+UTK+Computer+Science+Department&rft.atitle=HPL+%E2%80%93+A+Portable+Implementation+of+the+High-Performance+Linpack+Benchmark+for+Distributed-Memory+Computers&rft.date=2016-02-24&rft.au=A.+Petitet&rft.au=R.+C.+Whaley&rft.au=J.+Dongarra&rft.au=A.+Cleary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.netlib.org%2Fbenchmark%2Fhpl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2024/11/">"November 2024 | TOP500"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241118192039/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2024/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=November+2024+%7C+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2Ftop500%2F2024%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/statistics/list/">"List Statistics | TOP500"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718013118/https://www.top500.org/statistics/list/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+Statistics+%26%23124%3B+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fstatistics%2Flist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hpcwire-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hpcwire_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004531/https://www.hpcwire.com/archives/10219.html">"An Interview with Jack Dongarra by Alan Beck, editor in chief HPCwire"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpcwire.com/archives/10219.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Interview+with+Jack+Dongarra+by+Alan+Beck%2C+editor+in+chief+HPCwire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpcwire.com%2Farchives%2F10219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-netlib-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-netlib_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-netlib_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/top500/reports/report93/section2_16_4.html">"Statistics on Manufacturers and Continents"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070918072815/http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/top500/reports/report93/section2_16_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+on+Manufacturers+and+Continents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netlib.org%2Fbenchmark%2Ftop500%2Freports%2Freport93%2Fsection2_16_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123053650/http://www.hoise.com/primeur/PL/96/pl-top500/ES-PL-11-96-4.html">"The TOP25 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoise.com/primeur/PL/96/pl-top500/ES-PL-11-96-4.html">the original</a> on 23 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+TOP25+Supercomputer+Sites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoise.com%2Fprimeur%2FPL%2F96%2Fpl-top500%2FES-PL-11-96-4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kahaner-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kahaner_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129231750/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Where+does+Asia+stand%3f+This+rising+supercomputing+power+is+reaching...-a0272245319">"Where does Asia stand? This rising supercomputing power is reaching for real-world HPC leadership"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Where+does+Asia+stand%3F+This+rising+supercomputing+power+is+reaching...-a0272245319">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+does+Asia+stand%3F+This+rising+supercomputing+power+is+reaching+for+real-world+HPC+leadership.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FWhere%2Bdoes%2BAsia%2Bstand%253F%2BThis%2Brising%2Bsupercomputing%2Bpower%2Bis%2Breaching...-a0272245319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rpeak</i> – This is the theoretical peak performance of the system. Measured in PetaFLOPS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120827204901/http://www.top500.org/sublist/">"Sublist Generator"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/sublist">the original</a> on 27 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sublist+Generator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsublist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/nudt/matrix-2000">"Matrix-2000 - NUDT"</a>. <i>WikiChip</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719113526/https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/nudt/matrix-2000">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WikiChip&rft.atitle=Matrix-2000+-+NUDT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikichip.org%2Fwiki%2Fnudt%2Fmatrix-2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/179593">"Advanced Computing System(PreE) - Sugon TC8600, Hygon Dhyana 32C 2GHz, Deep Computing Processor, 200Gb 6D-Torus | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181206234927/https://www.top500.org/system/179593">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=Advanced+Computing+System%28PreE%29+-+Sugon+TC8600%2C+Hygon+Dhyana+32C+2GHz%2C+Deep+Computing+Processor%2C+200Gb+6D-Torus+%7C+TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F179593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/179565">"Astra - Apollo 70, Cavium ThunderX2 CN9975-2000 28C 2GHz, 4xEDR Infiniband | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181206234929/https://www.top500.org/system/179565">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=Astra+-+Apollo+70%2C+Cavium+ThunderX2+CN9975-2000+28C+2GHz%2C+4xEDR+Infiniband+%7C+TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F179565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-top500stats-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-top500stats_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/statistics/details/osfam/1">"Top500 – List Statistics"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119205719/https://www.top500.org/statistics/details/osfam/1">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=Top500+%E2%80%93+List+Statistics&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fstatistics%2Fdetails%2Fosfam%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/2017/11/linux-runs-all-of-the-worlds-fastest-supercomputers/">"Linux Runs All of the World's Fastest Supercomputers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">The Linux Foundation</a>. 20 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20171126030125/http://linuxfoundation.org/blog/linux-runs-all-of-the-worlds-fastest-supercomputers/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linux+Runs+All+of+the+World%27s+Fastest+Supercomputers&rft.pub=The+Linux+Foundation&rft.date=2017-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxfoundation.org%2Fblog%2F2017%2F11%2Flinux-runs-all-of-the-worlds-fastest-supercomputers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/site/50454">"Microsoft Windows Azure"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112124/https://www.top500.org/site/50454">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Windows+Azure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsite%2F50454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/176118">"Magic Cube – Dawning 5000A, QC Opteron 1.9 GHz, Infiniband, Windows HPC 2008"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112108/https://www.top500.org/system/176118">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magic+Cube+%E2%80%93+Dawning+5000A%2C+QC+Opteron+1.9+GHz%2C+Infiniband%2C+Windows+HPC+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F176118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/173736/">"System X - 1100 Dual 2.3 GHz Apple XServe/Mellanox Infiniband 4X/Cisco GigE | TOP500"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628233225/https://www.top500.org/system/173736/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=System+X+-+1100+Dual+2.3+GHz+Apple+XServe%2FMellanox+Infiniband+4X%2FCisco+GigE+%7C+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F173736%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/167525">"Origin 2000 195/250 MHz"</a>. <i>Top500</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116025633/https://www.top500.org/system/167525">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Top500&rft.atitle=Origin+2000+195%2F250+MHz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F167525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/179102/">"Gyoukou - ZettaScaler-2.2 HPC system, Xeon D-1571 16C 1.3 GHz, Infiniband EDR, PEZY-SC2 700 MHz"</a>. <i>Top 500</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928051027/https://www.top500.org/system/179102/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Top+500&rft.atitle=Gyoukou+-+ZettaScaler-2.2+HPC+system%2C+Xeon+D-1571+16C+1.3+GHz%2C+Infiniband+EDR%2C+PEZY-SC2+700+MHz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F179102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/pezy/pezy-scx/pezy-sc2">"PEZY-SC2 - PEZY"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114205300/https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/pezy/pezy-scx/pezy-sc2">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PEZY-SC2+-+PEZY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikichip.org%2Fwiki%2Fpezy%2Fpezy-scx%2Fpezy-sc2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/191/the-2048-core-pezy-sc2-sets-a-green500-record/">"The 2,048-core PEZY-SC2 sets a Green500 record"</a>. <i>WikiChip Fuse</i>. 1 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116033345/https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/191/the-2048-core-pezy-sc2-sets-a-green500-record/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2017</span>. <q>Powering the ZettaScaler-2.2 is the PEZY-SC2. The SC2 is a second-generation chip featuring twice as many cores –  i.e., 2,048 cores with 8-way SMT for a total of 16,384 threads. […] The first-generation SC incorporated two ARM926 cores and while that was sufficient for basic management and debugging its processing power was inadequate for much more. The SC2 uses a hexa-core P-Class P6600 MIPS processor which share the same memory address as the PEZY cores, improving performance and reducing data transfer overhead. With the powerful MIPS management cores, it is now also possible to entirely eliminate the Xeon host processor. However, PEZY has not done so yet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WikiChip+Fuse&rft.atitle=The+2%2C048-core+PEZY-SC2+sets+a+Green500+record&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuse.wikichip.org%2Fnews%2F191%2Fthe-2048-core-pezy-sc2-sets-a-green500-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2020/11/">"November 2020 | TOP500"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511144106/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2020/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=November+2020+%7C+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2Ftop500%2F2020%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/news/top500-becomes-a-petaflop-club-for-supercomputers/">"TOP500 Becomes a Petaflop Club for Supercomputers | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624230822/https://www.top500.org/news/top500-becomes-a-petaflop-club-for-supercomputers/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=TOP500+Becomes+a+Petaflop+Club+for+Supercomputers+%7C+TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fnews%2Ftop500-becomes-a-petaflop-club-for-supercomputers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/180171/">"Explorer-WUS3 - ND96_amsr_MI200_v4, AMD EPYC 7V12 48C 2.45GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Infiniband HDR | TOP500"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=Explorer-WUS3+-+ND96_amsr_MI200_v4%2C+AMD+EPYC+7V12+48C+2.45GHz%2C+AMD+Instinct+MI250X%2C+Infiniband+HDR+%7C+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F180171%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/180024/">"Voyager-EUS2"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405053317/https://www.top500.org/system/180024/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=Voyager-EUS2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F180024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/179962/">"Wisteria/BDEC-01 (Odyssey) - PRIMEHPC FX1000, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D | TOP500"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=Wisteria%2FBDEC-01+%28Odyssey%29+-+PRIMEHPC+FX1000%2C+A64FX+48C+2.2GHz%2C+Tofu+interconnect+D+%7C+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F179962%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://top500.org/lists/top500/2024/11/">"November 2024 | TOP500"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=November+2024+%7C+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftop500.org%2Flists%2Ftop500%2F2024%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurisiniCestariAmati2024" class="citation journal cs1">Turisini, Matteo; Cestari, Mirko; Amati, Giorgio (15 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jlsrf.org/index.php/lsf/article/view/186">"LEONARDO: A Pan-European Pre-Exascale Supercomputer for HPC and AI applications"</a>. <i>Journal of Large-scale Research Facilities JLSRF</i>. <b>9</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17815%2Fjlsrf-8-186">10.17815/jlsrf-8-186</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2364-091X">2364-091X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Large-scale+Research+Facilities+JLSRF&rft.atitle=LEONARDO%3A+A+Pan-European+Pre-Exascale+Supercomputer+for+HPC+and+AI+applications&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2024-01-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17815%2Fjlsrf-8-186&rft.issn=2364-091X&rft.aulast=Turisini&rft.aufirst=Matteo&rft.au=Cestari%2C+Mirko&rft.au=Amati%2C+Giorgio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjlsrf.org%2Findex.php%2Flsf%2Farticle%2Fview%2F186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-top500description-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-top500description_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/project/top500_description/">"TOP500 DESCRIPTION"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623154459/https://www.top500.org/project/top500_description/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2023%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2022/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901162030/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2022/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2022-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2022%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2022/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901162030/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2022/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2022%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2021/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901162030/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2021/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2021%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2021/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901162045/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2021/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2021-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2021%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2020/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901162027/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2020/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2019%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2018/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612113742/https://www.top500.org/lists/2018/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2018-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2018%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2018/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625132505/https://www.top500.org/lists/2018/06//">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2018%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2017/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115014821/https://www.top500.org/lists/2017/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2017%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2017/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531094635/https://www.top500.org/lists/2017/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2017%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2016/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203221716/https://www.top500.org/lists/2016/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2016-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2016%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2016/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619182052/https://www.top500.org/lists/2016/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2016%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2015/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221111421/https://www.top500.org/lists/2015/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2015%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2015/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828155133/https://www.top500.org/lists/2015/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2015%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2014/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127234417/https://www.top500.org/lists/2014/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2014%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2014/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619090318/https://www.top500.org/lists/2014/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2014%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2013/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619051425/https://www.top500.org/lists/2013/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2013-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2013%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2013/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621012345/http://www.top500.org/lists/2013/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2013%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2012/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618235745/https://www.top500.org/lists/2012/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2012%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2012/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702220320/https://www.top500.org/lists/2012/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2012%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2011/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618102147/https://www.top500.org/lists/2011/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2011%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2011/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619141302/https://www.top500.org/lists/2011/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2011%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2010/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619122059/https://www.top500.org/lists/2010/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2010%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2010/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619120546/https://www.top500.org/lists/2010/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2010%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2009/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619070216/https://www.top500.org/lists/2009/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2009-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2009%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2009/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619120522/https://www.top500.org/lists/2009/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2009%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2008/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619125219/https://www.top500.org/lists/2008/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2008%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2008/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. June 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619122104/https://www.top500.org/lists/2008/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2008%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2007/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102204636/https://www.top500.org/lists/2007/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2007%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2007/06/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102204636/https://www.top500.org/lists/2007/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2007%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2006/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102204636/https://www.top500.org/lists/2006/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2006%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/list/2023/11/">"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. 13 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113205110/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/list/2023/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft.date=2023-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2Ftop500%2Flist%2F2023%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://top500.org/lists/top500/2024/11/">"November 2024 | TOP500"</a>. <i>top500.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=top500.org&rft.atitle=November+2024+%7C+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftop500.org%2Flists%2Ftop500%2F2024%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://top500.org/lists/top500/2023/11/">"TOP500 List - November 2023"</a>. November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301212444/https://top500.org/lists/top500/2023/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+List+-+November+2023&rft.date=2023-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftop500.org%2Flists%2Ftop500%2F2023%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2020/06/">"June 2020"</a>. June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901162030/https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2020/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=June+2020&rft.date=2020-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2020%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summit, an IBM-built supercomputer now running at the Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), captured the number one spot June 2018 with a performance of 122.3 petaflops on High Performance Linpack (HPL), the benchmark used to rank the TOP500 list. Summit has 4,356 nodes, each one equipped with two 22-core POWER9 CPUs, and six NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPUs. The nodes are linked together with a Mellanox dual-rail EDR InfiniBand network.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2018/06/">"TOP500 List - June 2018"</a>. <i>The TOP500 List of the 500 most powerful commercially available computer systems known</i>. The TOP500 project. 30 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625132505/https://www.top500.org/lists/2018/06//">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+TOP500+List+of+the+500+most+powerful+commercially+available+computer+systems+known&rft.atitle=TOP500+List+-+June+2018&rft.date=2018-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2018%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Advanced reports that Oak Ridge National Laboratory was fielding the world's fastest supercomputer were proven correct when the 40th edition of the twice-yearly TOP500 List of the world's top supercomputers was released today (Nov. 12, 2012). Titan, a Cray XK7 system installed at Oak Ridge, achieved 17.59 Petaflop/s (quadrillions of calculations per second) on the Linpack benchmark. Titan has 560,640 processors, including 261,632 NVIDIA K20x accelerator cores.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2012/06/">"TOP500 List - November 2012"</a>. <i>The TOP500 List of the 500 most powerful commercially available computer systems known</i>. The TOP500 project. 12 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702220320/https://www.top500.org/lists/2012/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+TOP500+List+of+the+500+most+powerful+commercially+available+computer+systems+known&rft.atitle=TOP500+List+-+November+2012&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2012%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the first time since November 2009, a United States supercomputer sits atop the TOP500 list of the world's top supercomputers. Named Sequoia, the IBM BlueGene/Q system installed at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory achieved an impressive 16.32 petaflop/s on the Linpack benchmark using 1,572,864 cores.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2012/06/">"TOP500 List - June 2012"</a>. <i>The TOP500 List of the 500 most powerful commercially available computer systems known</i>. The TOP500 project. 30 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702220320/https://www.top500.org/lists/2012/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+TOP500+List+of+the+500+most+powerful+commercially+available+computer+systems+known&rft.atitle=TOP500+List+-+June+2012&rft.date=2012-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2012%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The DOE/IBM BlueGene/L beta-System was able to claim the No. 1 position on the new TOP500 list with its record Linpack benchmark performance of 70.72 Tflop/s ("teraflops" or trillions of calculations per second). This system, once completed, will be moved to the DOE's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, Calif.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2004/11/">"TOP500 List - November 2004"</a>. <i>The TOP500 List of the 500 most powerful commercially available computer systems known</i>. The TOP500 project. 30 November 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702224908/https://www.top500.org/lists/2004/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+TOP500+List+of+the+500+most+powerful+commercially+available+computer+systems+known&rft.atitle=TOP500+List+-+November+2004&rft.date=2004-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2004%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ASCI Red a Sandia National Laboratories machine with 7264 Intel cores nabbed the #1 position in June of 1997.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/1997/06/">"TOP500 List -June 1997"</a>. <i>The TOP500 List of the 500 most powerful commercially available computer systems known</i>. The TOP500 project. 30 June 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702225817/https://www.top500.org/lists/1997/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+TOP500+List+of+the+500+most+powerful+commercially+available+computer+systems+known&rft.atitle=TOP500+List+-June+1997&rft.date=1997-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F1997%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/statistics/list/">"List Statistics"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718013118/https://www.top500.org/statistics/list/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fstatistics%2Flist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBalthasar" class="citation web cs1">Balthasar, Felix. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119014606/http://newsmaine.net/21403-us-government-funds-425-million-build-two-new-supercomputers">"US Government Funds $425 million to build two new Supercomputers"</a>. <i>News Maine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsmaine.net/21403-us-government-funds-425-million-build-two-new-supercomputers">the original</a> on 19 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Maine&rft.atitle=US+Government+Funds+%24425+million+to+build+two+new+Supercomputers&rft.aulast=Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsmaine.net%2F21403-us-government-funds-425-million-build-two-new-supercomputers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2015/04/10/technology/security/intel-blocked-nuclear/">"Nuclear worries stop Intel from selling chips to Chinese supercomputers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. 10 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208190614/https://money.cnn.com/2015/04/10/technology/security/intel-blocked-nuclear/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Nuclear+worries+stop+Intel+from+selling+chips+to+Chinese+supercomputers&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2015%2F04%2F10%2Ftechnology%2Fsecurity%2Fintel-blocked-nuclear%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32247532">"US nuclear fears block Intel China supercomputer update"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616115454/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32247532">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+nuclear+fears+block+Intel+China+supercomputer+update&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-32247532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/29/executive-order-creating-national-strategic-computing-initiative">"Executive Order -- Creating a National Strategic Computing Initiative"</a> (Executive order). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Racing+Against+China%2C+U.S.+Reveals+Details+of+%24500+Million+Supercomputer&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F03%2F18%2Ftechnology%2Fchina-us-500-million-supercomputer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ornl.gov/news/us-department-energy-and-cray-deliver-record-setting-frontier-supercomputer-ornl">"U.S. Department of Energy and Cray to Deliver Record-Setting Frontier Supercomputer at ORNL"</a>. <i>Oak Ridge National Laboratory</i>. 8 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508100358/https://www.ornl.gov/news/us-department-energy-and-cray-deliver-record-setting-frontier-supercomputer-ornl">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oak+Ridge+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=U.S.+Department+of+Energy+and+Cray+to+Deliver+Record-Setting+Frontier+Supercomputer+at+ORNL&rft.date=2019-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ornl.gov%2Fnews%2Fus-department-energy-and-cray-deliver-record-setting-frontier-supercomputer-ornl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/news/top500-becomes-a-petaflop-club-for-supercomputers/">"TOP500 Becomes a Petaflop Club for Supercomputers | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"</a>. <i>www.top500.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624230822/https://www.top500.org/news/top500-becomes-a-petaflop-club-for-supercomputers/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=TOP500+Becomes+a+Petaflop+Club+for+Supercomputers+%7C+TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fnews%2Ftop500-becomes-a-petaflop-club-for-supercomputers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmily_Conover2022" class="citation news cs1">Emily Conover (1 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/supercomputer-exascale-frontier-speed-record-computing-calculations">"The world's fastest supercomputer just broke the exascale barrier"</a>. <i>ScienceNews</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601224431/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/supercomputer-exascale-frontier-speed-record-computing-calculations">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ScienceNews&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+fastest+supercomputer+just+broke+the+exascale+barrier&rft.date=2022-06-01&rft.au=Emily+Conover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Farticle%2Fsupercomputer-exascale-frontier-speed-record-computing-calculations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDon_Clark2022" class="citation news cs1">Don Clark (30 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/business/us-supercomputer-frontier.html">"U.S. Retakes Top Spot in Supercomputer Race"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601230913/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/business/us-supercomputer-frontier.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Retakes+Top+Spot+in+Supercomputer+Race&rft.date=2022-05-30&rft.au=Don+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F05%2F30%2Fbusiness%2Fus-supercomputer-frontier.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpcwire.com/2012/11/16/blue_waters_opts_out_of_top500/"><i>Blue Waters Opts Out of TOP500</i></a> (article), 16 November 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213184408/https://www.hpcwire.com/2012/11/16/blue_waters_opts_out_of_top500/">archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Waters+Opts+Out+of+TOP500&rft.date=2012-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpcwire.com%2F2012%2F11%2F16%2Fblue_waters_opts_out_of_top500%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKramer,_William" class="citation cs2">Kramer, William, <i>Top500 versus Sustained Performance –  Or the Ten Problems with the TOP500 List –  And What to Do About Them. 21st International Conference On Parallel Architectures And Compilation Techniques (PACT12), 19–23 September 2012, Minneapolis, MN, US</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top500+versus+Sustained+Performance+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Or+the+Ten+Problems+with+the+TOP500+List+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+And+What+to+Do+About+Them.+21st+International+Conference+On+Parallel+Architectures+And+Compilation+Techniques+%28PACT12%29%2C+19%E2%80%9323+September+2012%2C+Minneapolis%2C+MN%2C+US&rft.au=Kramer%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpcwire.com/2021/11/24/three-chinese-exascale-systems-detailed-at-sc21-two-operational-and-one-delayed/">"Three Chinese Exascale Systems Detailed at SC21: Two Operational and One Delayed"</a>. 24 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220902060609/https://www.hpcwire.com/2021/11/24/three-chinese-exascale-systems-detailed-at-sc21-two-operational-and-one-delayed/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Chinese+Exascale+Systems+Detailed+at+SC21%3A+Two+Operational+and+One+Delayed&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpcwire.com%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Fthree-chinese-exascale-systems-detailed-at-sc21-two-operational-and-one-delayed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/google-wins-mlperf-benchmarks-with-tpu-v4"><i>Google demonstrates leading performance in latest MLPerf Benchmarks</i></a> (article), 30 June 2021, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710001251/https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/google-wins-mlperf-benchmarks-with-tpu-v4">archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Google+demonstrates+leading+performance+in+latest+MLPerf+Benchmarks&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloud.google.com%2Fblog%2Fproducts%2Fai-machine-learning%2Fgoogle-wins-mlperf-benchmarks-with-tpu-v4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v5p">"TPU v5p"</a>. <i>Google Cloud</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Cloud&rft.atitle=TPU+v5p&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloud.google.com%2Ftpu%2Fdocs%2Fv5p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HPWire2-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HPWire2_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeckham,_Oliver2021" class="citation web cs1">Peckham, Oliver (22 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpcwire.com/2021/06/22/ahead-of-dojo-tesla-reveals-its-massive-precursor-supercomputer/">"Ahead of 'Dojo,' Tesla Reveals Its Massive Precursor Supercomputer"</a>. <i>HPCwire</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HPCwire&rft.atitle=Ahead+of+%27Dojo%2C%27+Tesla+Reveals+Its+Massive+Precursor+Supercomputer&rft.date=2021-06-22&rft.au=Peckham%2C+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpcwire.com%2F2021%2F06%2F22%2Fahead-of-dojo-tesla-reveals-its-massive-precursor-supercomputer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwinhoe,_Dan2021" class="citation news cs1">Swinhoe, Dan (23 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/tesla-detail-pre-dojo-supercomputer-could-be-up-to-80-petaflops/">"Tesla details pre-Dojo supercomputer, could be up to 80 petaflops"</a>. <i>Data Center Dynamics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TweakTown&rft.atitle=Meta+has+two+new+AI+data+centers+equipped+with+over+24%2C000+NVIDIA+H100+GPUs&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tweaktown.com%2Fnews%2F96834%2Fmeta-has-two-new-ai-data-centers-equipped-with-over-24-000-nvidia-h100-gpus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/meta-platforms-meta-q3-2024-010026926.html">https://finance.yahoo.com/news/meta-platforms-meta-q3-2024-010026926.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/elon-musks-xai-data-center-adding-to-memphis-air-quality-problems-campaign-group">"Elon Musk's xAI data center 'adding to Memphis air quality problems' - campaign group"</a>. 27 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk%27s+xAI+data+center+%27adding+to+Memphis+air+quality+problems%27+-+campaign+group&rft.date=2024-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datacenterdynamics.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Felon-musks-xai-data-center-adding-to-memphis-air-quality-problems-campaign-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/176027">"Roadrunner –  BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 GHz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102224423/http://www.top500.org/system/176027">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roadrunner+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+BladeCenter+QS22%2FLS21+Cluster%2C+PowerXCell+8i+3.2+GHz+%2F+Opteron+DC+1.8+GHz%2C+Voltaire+Infiniband&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F176027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://top500.org/system/173300">"Thunder – Intel Itanium2 Tiger4 1.4 GHz – Quadrics"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102205559/http://www.top500.org/system/173300">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thunder+%E2%80%93+Intel+Itanium2+Tiger4+1.4+GHz+%E2%80%93+Quadrics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftop500.org%2Fsystem%2F173300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://top500.org/system/175560">"Columbia – SGI Altix 1.5/1.6/1.66 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103041455/http://www.top500.org/system/175560">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columbia+%E2%80%93+SGI+Altix+1.5%2F1.6%2F1.66+GHz%2C+Voltaire+Infiniband&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftop500.org%2Fsystem%2F175560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://top500.org/site/49318">"Japan Agency for Marine -Earth Science and Technology"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102205541/http://www.top500.org/site/49318">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+Agency+for+Marine+-Earth+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftop500.org%2Fsite%2F49318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/178330">"IBM Flex System p460, POWER7 8C 3.550 GHz, Infiniband QDR"</a>. TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003111249/https://www.top500.org/system/178330">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Flex+System+p460%2C+POWER7+8C+3.550+GHz%2C+Infiniband+QDR&rft.pub=TOP500+Supercomputer+Sites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F178330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATOP500" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOP500&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://top500.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://top500.org/project/linpack/">LINPACK benchmarks</a> at TOP500</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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cabinet">Arcade cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskless_node" title="Diskless node">Diskless node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_appliance" title="Internet appliance">Internet appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent terminal">Intelligent terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_kiosk" title="Interactive kiosk">Interactive kiosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_client" title="Rich client">Rich client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulator_ride" title="Simulator ride">Simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_speaker" title="Smart speaker">Smart speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">Smart TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_client" title="Thin client">Thin client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game console</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_computer" title="Gaming computer">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_PC" title="Industrial PC">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_supercomputer" title="Personal supercomputer">Personal super</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_computer" title="Public computer">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_server" title="Home server">Home server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">Workstation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-in-one_computer" title="All-in-one computer">All-in-one</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panel_PC" title="Panel PC">Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_computer" title="Table computer">Tabletop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_computer" title="Surface computer">Surface</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">Desktop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deskside_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Deskside computer">Deskside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza-box_form_factor" title="Pizza-box form factor">Pizza box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_tower" title="Computer tower">Tower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_form_factor_PC" title="Small form factor PC">Small form factor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mini_PC" title="Mini PC">Mini PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_computer" title="Plug computer">Plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_PC" title="Stick PC">Stick PC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">Rack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blade_server" title="Blade server">Blade server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_PC" title="Blade PC">Blade PC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_computing" title="Mobile computing">Mobile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">Laptop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-in-1_laptop" title="2-in-1 laptop">2-in-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-in-1_laptop#2-in-1_convertible" title="2-in-1 laptop">Convertible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudbook" title="Cloudbook">Cloudbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_workstation" title="Mobile workstation">Mobile workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notebook_(laptop)" title="Notebook (laptop)">Notebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subnotebook" title="Subnotebook">Subnotebook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netbook" title="Netbook">Netbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartbook" title="Smartbook">Smartbook</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-in-1_laptop#2-in-1_detachable" title="2-in-1 laptop">Detachable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Handheld</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_organizer" title="Electronic organizer">Electronic organizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-reader" title="E-reader">E-reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_PC" title="Handheld PC">Handheld PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_data_terminal" title="Mobile data terminal">Mobile data terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Foldable</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmtop_PC" title="Palmtop PC">Palmtop PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">Personal digital assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_computer" title="Pocket computer">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_data_terminal" title="Portable data terminal">Portable data terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">Portable media player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siftable" title="Siftable">Siftable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-mobile_PC" title="Ultra-mobile PC">Ultra-mobile PC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">Calculator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphing_calculator" title="Graphing calculator">Graphing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">Programmable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_calculator" title="Scientific calculator">Scientific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable</a></th><td 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