App Flip for iOS | Authorization | Google for Developers

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href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Dropdown menu for Authentication" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/authentication" track-metadata-position="nav - authentication" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Authentication" track-name="authentication" class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-toggle devsite-icon devsite-icon-arrow-drop-down"></a> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" aria-label="submenu" hidden> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Sign In with Google SDKs</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/android-credential-manager" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/android-credential-manager" 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authentication" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="sign in with google sdks" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Google Sign-In for Android </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/sign-in/web/sign-in" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/sign-in/web/sign-in" track-metadata-position="nav - authentication" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="sign in with google sdks" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Google Sign-In for Web </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> <tab class="devsite-dropdown devsite-active "> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/authorization" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/authorization" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - authorization" track-metadata-module="primary nav" aria-label="Authorization, selected" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Authorization" track-name="authorization" > Authorization </a> <a href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Dropdown menu for Authorization" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/authorization" track-metadata-position="nav - authorization" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Authorization" track-name="authorization" class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-toggle devsite-icon devsite-icon-arrow-drop-down"></a> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" aria-label="submenu" hidden> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Call Google APIs</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/sign-in/android/authorize-access" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/sign-in/android/authorize-access" track-metadata-position="nav - authorization" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="call google apis" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Authorizing for Android </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/oauth2/web/guides/overview" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/oauth2/web/guides/overview" track-metadata-position="nav - authorization" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="call google apis" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Authorizing for Web </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/sign-in/ios/api-access" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/sign-in/ios/api-access" track-metadata-position="nav - authorization" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="call google apis" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Authorizing for iOS/macOS </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2" track-metadata-position="nav - authorization" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="call google apis" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Using OAuth 2.0 </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Share data with Google apps and devices</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/account-linking" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/account-linking" track-metadata-position="nav - authorization" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="call google apis" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Google Account Linking </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> <tab class="devsite-dropdown "> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/credential-management" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/credential-management" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - credential management" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Credential management" track-name="credential management" > Credential management </a> <a href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Dropdown menu for Credential management" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/credential-management" track-metadata-position="nav - credential management" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Credential management" track-name="credential management" class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-toggle devsite-icon devsite-icon-arrow-drop-down"></a> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" aria-label="submenu" hidden> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Android</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/android-credential-manager" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/android-credential-manager" track-metadata-position="nav - credential management" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="android" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Credential Manager </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/blockstore/android" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/blockstore/android" track-metadata-position="nav - credential management" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="android" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Blockstore </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/smartlock-passwords/android/associate-apps-and-sites" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/smartlock-passwords/android/associate-apps-and-sites" track-metadata-position="nav - credential management" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="android" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Digital Asset Links </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> 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tooltip>Cross-platform</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/credential-sharing" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/credential-sharing" track-metadata-position="nav - credential management" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="android" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Seamless credential sharing </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> <tab class="devsite-dropdown "> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/credential-verification" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/credential-verification" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - credential verification" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Credential verification" track-name="credential verification" > Credential verification </a> <a href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Dropdown menu for Credential verification" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/credential-verification" track-metadata-position="nav - credential verification" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Credential verification" track-name="credential verification" class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-toggle devsite-icon devsite-icon-arrow-drop-down"></a> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" aria-label="submenu" hidden> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Android</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/sms-retriever/overview" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/sms-retriever/overview" track-metadata-position="nav - credential verification" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="android" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Verify users by SMS </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/phone-number-hint/android" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/phone-number-hint/android" track-metadata-position="nav - credential verification" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="android" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Phone Number Hint </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Web</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.dev/web-otp/" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://web.dev/web-otp/" track-metadata-position="nav - credential verification" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="android" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Verify phone numbers on the web </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> </nav> </devsite-tabs> </div> <devsite-search enable-signin enable-search enable-suggestions enable-query-completion project-name="Authorization" tenant-name="Google for Developers" project-scope="/identity/authorization" url-scoped="https://developers.google.com/s/results/identity/authorization" > <form class="devsite-search-form" action="https://developers.google.com/s/results" method="GET"> <div class="devsite-search-container"> <button type="button" search-open class="devsite-search-button devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Open search"></button> <div class="devsite-searchbox"> <input aria-activedescendant="" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-label="Search" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" autocomplete="off" class="devsite-search-field devsite-search-query" name="q" placeholder="Search" role="combobox" type="text" value="" > <div class="devsite-search-image material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="devsite-search-shortcut-icon-container" aria-hidden="true"> <kbd class="devsite-search-shortcut-icon">/</kbd> </div> </div> </div> </form> <button type="button" search-close class="devsite-search-button devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Close search"></button> </devsite-search> </div> <devsite-language-selector> <ul role="presentation"> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="en" >English</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="de" >Deutsch</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="es" >Español</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="es_419" >Español – América Latina</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="fr" >Français</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="id" >Indonesia</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="it" >Italiano</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="pl" >Polski</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="pt_br" >Português – Brasil</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="vi" >Tiếng Việt</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="tr" >Türkçe</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ru" >Русский</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="he" >עברית</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ar" >العربيّة</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="fa" >فارسی</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="hi" >हिंदी</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="bn" >বাংলা</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="th" >ภาษาไทย</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="zh_cn" >中文 – 简体</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="zh_tw" >中文 – 繁體</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ja" >日本語</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ko" >한국어</a> </li> </ul> </devsite-language-selector> <devsite-user enable-profiles fp-auth id="devsite-user"> Sign in </devsite-user> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-collapsible-section "> <div class="devsite-header-background"> <div class="devsite-product-id-row" > <div class="devsite-product-description-row"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" > <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/authorization" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Lower Header" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Authorization" > Authorization </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-doc-set-nav-row"> <devsite-tabs class="lower-tabs"> <nav class="devsite-tabs-wrapper" aria-label="Lower tabs"> <tab > <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - oauth 2.0" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: OAuth 2.0" track-name="oauth 2.0" > OAuth 2.0 </a> </tab> <tab > <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/authorization/android" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/authorization/android" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - android" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Android" track-name="android" > Android </a> </tab> <tab > <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/oauth2/web/guides/overview" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/oauth2/web/guides/overview" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - web" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Web" track-name="web" > Web </a> </tab> <tab class="devsite-active"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity/account-linking" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/identity/account-linking" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - google account linking" track-metadata-module="primary nav" aria-label="Google Account Linking, selected" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Google Account Linking" track-name="google account linking" > Google Account Linking </a> </tab> </nav> </devsite-tabs> </div> </div> </div> </div> </devsite-header> <devsite-book-nav scrollbars > <div class="devsite-book-nav-filter" > <input type="text" placeholder="Filter" aria-label="Type to filter" role="searchbox"> </div> <nav class="devsite-book-nav devsite-nav nocontent" aria-label="Side menu"> <div class="devsite-mobile-header"> <button type="button" id="devsite-close-nav" class="devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Close navigation" aria-label="Close navigation"> </button> <div class="devsite-product-name-wrapper"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" > <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item devsite-has-google-wordmark"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/identity" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Upper Header" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Identity" > <svg class="devsite-google-wordmark" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 148 48"> <title>Google</title> <path class="devsite-google-wordmark-svg-path" d="M19.58,37.65c-9.87,0-18.17-8.04-18.17-17.91c0-9.87,8.3-17.91,18.17-17.91c5.46,0,9.35,2.14,12.27,4.94l-3.45,3.45c-2.1-1.97-4.93-3.49-8.82-3.49c-7.21,0-12.84,5.81-12.84,13.02c0,7.21,5.64,13.02,12.84,13.02c4.67,0,7.34-1.88,9.04-3.58c1.4-1.4,2.32-3.41,2.66-6.16H19.58v-4.89h16.47c0.18,0.87,0.26,1.92,0.26,3.06c0,3.67-1.01,8.21-4.24,11.44C28.93,35.9,24.91,37.65,19.58,37.65z M61.78,26.12c0,6.64-5.1,11.53-11.36,11.53s-11.36-4.89-11.36-11.53c0-6.68,5.1-11.53,11.36-11.53S61.78,19.43,61.78,26.12z M56.8,26.12c0-4.15-2.96-6.99-6.39-6.99c-3.43,0-6.39,2.84-6.39,6.99c0,4.11,2.96,6.99,6.39,6.99C53.84,33.11,56.8,30.22,56.8,26.12z M87.25,26.12c0,6.64-5.1,11.53-11.36,11.53c-6.26,0-11.36-4.89-11.36-11.53c0-6.68,5.1-11.53,11.36-11.53C82.15,14.59,87.25,19.43,87.25,26.12zM82.28,26.12c0-4.15-2.96-6.99-6.39-6.99c-3.43,0-6.39,2.84-6.39,6.99c0,4.11,2.96,6.99,6.39,6.99C79.32,33.11,82.28,30.22,82.28,26.12z M112.09,15.29v20.7c0,8.52-5.02,12.01-10.96,12.01c-5.59,0-8.95-3.76-10.22-6.81l4.41-1.83c0.79,1.88,2.71,4.1,5.81,4.1c3.8,0,6.16-2.36,6.16-6.77v-1.66h-0.18c-1.14,1.4-3.32,2.62-6.07,2.62c-5.76,0-11.05-5.02-11.05-11.49c0-6.51,5.28-11.57,11.05-11.57c2.75,0,4.93,1.22,6.07,2.58h0.18v-1.88H112.09z M107.64,26.16c0-4.06-2.71-7.03-6.16-7.03c-3.49,0-6.42,2.97-6.42,7.03c0,4.02,2.93,6.94,6.42,6.94C104.93,33.11,107.64,30.18,107.64,26.16z M120.97,3.06v33.89h-5.07V3.06H120.97z M140.89,29.92l3.93,2.62c-1.27,1.88-4.32,5.11-9.61,5.11c-6.55,0-11.28-5.07-11.28-11.53c0-6.86,4.77-11.53,10.71-11.53c5.98,0,8.91,4.76,9.87,7.34l0.52,1.31l-15.42,6.38c1.18,2.31,3.01,3.49,5.59,3.49C137.79,33.11,139.58,31.84,140.89,29.92zM128.79,25.77l10.31-4.28c-0.57-1.44-2.27-2.45-4.28-2.45C132.24,19.04,128.66,21.31,128.79,25.77z"/> </svg>Identity </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-book-nav-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-top"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/authentication" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Authentication" track-name="authentication" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Authentication" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Authentication </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> More </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/authorization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Authorization" track-name="authorization" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Authorization" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Authorization </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> More </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/protocols/oauth2" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: OAuth 2.0" track-name="oauth 2.0" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: OAuth 2.0" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> OAuth 2.0 </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/authorization/android" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Android" track-name="android" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Android </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/oauth2/web/guides/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Web" track-name="web" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Web" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Web </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/account-linking" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Google Account Linking" track-name="google account linking" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Account Linking" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Account Linking </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/credential-management" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Credential management" track-name="credential management" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Credential management" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Credential management </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> More </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/credential-verification" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Credential verification" track-name="credential verification" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Credential verification" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Credential verification </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> More </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking" >Overview</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/unlinking" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/unlinking" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/unlinking" >Unlinking</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/registration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/registration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/registration" >Registration</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> Linking types </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/oauth-linking" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/oauth-linking" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/oauth-linking" >OAuth linking</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/oauth-with-sign-in-linking" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/oauth-with-sign-in-linking" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/oauth-with-sign-in-linking" >OAuth-based Google Sign-in Streamlined linking</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/app-flip-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/app-flip-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/app-flip-overview" >OAuth-based App Flip linking</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/app-flip-android" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/app-flip-android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/app-flip-android" >App Flip for Android</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/app-flip-ios" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/app-flip-ios" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/app-flip-ios" >App Flip for iOS</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/link-from-your-platform" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/link-from-your-platform" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/link-from-your-platform" >Link from your Platform</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> Tools </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/error-logs-monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/error-logs-monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/error-logs-monitoring" >Error Monitoring</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/identity/account-linking/gal-validation-tool" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /identity/account-linking/gal-validation-tool" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/identity/account-linking/gal-validation-tool" >OAuth Validation Test Tool</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> Resources </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="/terms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /terms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/terms" >APIs Terms of Service</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="/terms/api-services-user-data-policy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /terms/api-services-user-data-policy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/terms/api-services-user-data-policy" >APIs User Data Policy</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> Assistant platform </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="/assistant/smarthome/concepts/account-linking" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /assistant/smarthome/concepts/account-linking" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/assistant/smarthome/concepts/account-linking" >Google Assistant account linking</a></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Authentication" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> Sign In with Google SDKs </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/android-credential-manager" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Credential Manager for Android" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Credential Manager for Android </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity/gsi/web/guides/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Sign In with Google for Web (including One Tap)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Sign In 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href="https://developers.google.com/identity/account-linking" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="5" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="5" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Google Account Linking </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <devsite-feedback position="header" project-name="Authorization" product-id="5186570" bucket="Identity guides" context="External devsite feedback" version="t-devsite-webserver-20241114-r00-rc02.464922260396498922" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="header" class="nocontent" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/developers/images/touchicon-180-new.png" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> App Flip for iOS </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> OAuth-based App Flip linking (App Flip) opens your iOS app from a Google app to help the Google app user link their account more easily. You need to make minor code changes to your iOS app to implement this feature. In this document, you learn how to modify your iOS app to support App Flip. <h3 id="try_the_sample" data-text="Try the sample" tabindex="-1">Try the sample</h3> The App Flip <a href="https://github.com/googlesamples/identity-appflip-ios" class="external">sample app</a> demonstrates an account linking integration on iOS that's App Flip-compatible. You can use this app to verify how to respond to an incoming App Flip universal link from Google mobile apps. The sample app is preconfigured to integrate with the <a href="https://github.com/googlesamples/identity-appflip-tester-ios" class="external">App Flip Test Tool for iOS</a>, which you can use to verify your iOS app's integration with App Flip before you configure account linking with Google. This app simulates the universal link triggered by Google mobile apps when App Flip is enabled. <h3 id="how_it_works" data-text="How it works" tabindex="-1">How it works</h3> The following are the flow steps that the Google app and your app take when App Flip occurs: <ol> <li>The Google app attempts to open your app’s universal link. It's able to open your app if it's installed on the user’s device and associated with the universal link. See <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/inter-process_communication/allowing_apps_and_websites_to_link_to_your_content" class="external">Supporting Universal Links</a> for details.</li> <li>Your app checks that the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">client_id</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">redirect_uri</code> parameter encoded in the incoming URL matches the expected Google universal link.</li> <li>Your app requests an authorization code from your OAuth2 server. At the end of this flow, your app returns either an authorization code or an error to the Google app. To do this, it opens Google's universal link with appended parameters for the authorization code or error.</li> <li>The Google app handles the incoming Google universal link and continues with the rest of the flow. If an authorization code is provided, the linking is completed immediately. The token exchange happens server-to-server, the same way it does in the browser-based OAuth linking flow. If an error code is returned, the linking flow continues with the alternative options.</li> </ol> <h3 id="modify_your_ios_app_to_support_app_flip" data-text="Modify your iOS app to support App Flip" tabindex="-1">Modify your iOS app to support App Flip</h3> To support App Flip, make the following code changes to your iOS app: <ol> <li>Handle <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NSUserActivityTypeBrowsingWeb</code> in your App Delegate.</li> <li>Capture <code translate="no" dir="ltr">redirect_uri</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">state</code> parameters from the URL to use later.</li> <li>Check that <code translate="no" dir="ltr">redirect_uri</code> matches this format: <div></div><devsite-code><pre translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded>https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/a/<var translate="no">GOOGLE_APP_BUNDLE_ID</var> https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/a/<var translate="no">GOOGLE_APP_BUNDLE_ID</var></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>Verify that the client ID matches the expected value. Use the following code sample: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Transact-SQL"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">func application(_ application: UIApplication, continue userActivity: NSUserActivity, restorationHandler: @escaping ([Any]?) -> Void) -> Bool { guard userActivity.activityType == NSUserActivityTypeBrowsingWeb, let incomingURL = userActivity.webpageURL, let components = URLComponents(url: incomingURL, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false), let params = components.queryItems else { return false } if let clientId = params.filter({$0.name == "client_id"}).first?.value, let state = params.filter({$0.name == "state"}).first?.value, let redirectUri = params.filter({$0.name == "redirect_uri"}).first?.value { // Save the redirect_uri and state for later... // Verify the client id return (clientId == GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID) } else { // Missing required parameters return false } } </code></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>Upon successful authorization, call the redirect URI with the authorization code. Use the following code sample: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Objective-C"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">func returnAuthCode(code: String, state: String, redirectUri: String) { var redirectURL = URL(string: redirectUri) var components = URLComponents(url: redirectURL, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false) // Return the authorization code and original state let paramAuthCode = URLQueryItem(name: "code", value: code) let paramState = URLQueryItem(name: "state", value: state) components?.queryItems = [paramAuthCode, paramState] if let resultURL = components?.url { UIApplication.shared.open( resultURL, options: [UIApplicationOpenURLOptionUniversalLinksOnly : true], completionHandler: nil) } } </code></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>If an error occurred, attach an error result to the redirect URI instead. Use the following code sample: <aside class="note">Note: Do not handle the error directly within your app, instead return the error result to the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">REDIRECT_URL</code>. This ensures that the appropriate fallback method is trigerred if the app linking flow fails.</aside><div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Objective-C"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">func returnError(redirectUri: String) { var redirectURL = URL(string: redirectUri) var components = URLComponents(url: redirectURL, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false) // Return the authorization code and original state let paramError = URLQueryItem(name: "error", value: "invalid_request") let paramDescription = URLQueryItem(name: "error_description", value: "Invalid Request") components?.queryItems = [paramError, paramDescription] if let resultURL = components?.url { UIApplication.shared.open( resultURL, options: [UIApplicationOpenURLOptionUniversalLinksOnly : true], completionHandler: nil) } } </code></pre></devsite-code></li> </ol> <h3 id="query_parameters_for_your_app’s_universal_link" data-text="Query parameters for your app’s universal link" tabindex="-1">Query parameters for your app’s universal link</h3> When opened by the Google app, your app’s universal link includes the following query parameters: <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">client_id</code> (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">String</code>): Google <code translate="no" dir="ltr">client_id</code> that's registered under your app.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">scope</code> (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">List of String</code>): A list of space-separated scopes requested.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">state</code> (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">String</code>): A nonce used by Google to verify that the authorization result is in response to Google’s outgoing request.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">redirect_uri</code> (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">String</code>): Google's universal link. The "flip" URI to open the Google app and pass results.</li> </ul> <h3 id="query_parameters_for_google’s_universal_link" data-text="Query parameters for Google’s universal link" tabindex="-1">Query parameters for Google’s universal link</h3> Parameters used when the authorization result is returned successfully: <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">code</code> (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">String</code>): The value of the authorization code, if available.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">state</code> (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">String</code>): The exact value received from the incoming universal link.</li> </ul> Parameters used when the authorization result is returned unsuccessfully: <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">error</code> (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">String</code>), with the following values: <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">cancelled</code>: A recoverable error. The Google app will attempt account linking using the authorization URL. Some examples are the user failing to sign in, a device being offline or a connection timing out.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">unrecoverable</code>: An unrecoverable error. For example, the user attempts to link with a disabled account.The Google app will abort account linking.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">invalid_request</code>: The request parameters are invalid or missing. This is a recoverable error. The Google app will attempt account linking using the authorization URL.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">access_denied</code>: The user rejects the consent request. This is a non-recoverable error; the Google app aborts linking.</li> </ul></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">error_description</code> (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">String</code>, optional): A user-friendly error message. <aside class="note">Note: For more information on <a href="https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/possible-errors/" class="external">possible errors</a> and the optional contents of the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">error_description</code> field, see the OAuth 2.0 standard.</aside></li> </ul> For all error types, you must return the response data to the specified <code translate="no" dir="ltr">REDIRECT_URI</code> to ensure the appropriate fallback is trigerred. <h3 id="modify_your_authorization_endpoint_to_support_app_flip" data-text="Modify your authorization endpoint to support App Flip" tabindex="-1">Modify your authorization endpoint to support App Flip</h3> Configure your platform to accept requests using Google's App Flip redirect URLs: <ul> <li>Google Home app <div></div><devsite-code><pre translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.Chromecast.dev https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.Chromecast.enterprise https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.Chromecast https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.Chromecast.dev https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.Chromecast.enterprise https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.Chromecast </pre></devsite-code></li> <li>Google Assistant app <div></div><devsite-code><pre translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.OPA.dev https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.OPA.enterprise https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.OPA https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.OPA.dev https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.OPA.enterprise https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/a/com.google.OPA </pre></devsite-code></li> </ul> Check that <code translate="no" dir="ltr">client_id</code> and the URL specified by the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">redirect_uri</code> parameter match the expected values when a request is received. if the client verification fails, return the error <code translate="no" dir="ltr">invalid_request</code> to the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">redirect_uri</code>. </div> <devsite-recommendations display="in-page" hidden yield> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-feedback position="footer" project-name="Authorization" product-id="5186570" bucket="Identity guides" context="External devsite feedback" version="t-devsite-webserver-20241114-r00-rc02.464922260396498922" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="footer" class="nocontent" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/developers/images/touchicon-180-new.png" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <devsite-recommendations id="recommendations-link" yield></devsite-recommendations> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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