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賰丕馗賲 噩賵丕丿 - 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕
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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>兀丨丿孬 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-wrecentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9"><span>兀丨丿孬 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 鬲氐賮丨 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-subjects" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9"><span>兀亘噩丿賷</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>亘賵丕亘丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="丨賲賱 氐賮丨丞 毓卮賵丕卅賷丞 [x]" accesskey="x"><span>賲賯丕賱丞 毓卮賵丕卅賷丞</span></a></li><li id="n-Kiwix" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3"><span>鬲氐賮丨 賲賳 睾賷乇 廿賳鬲乇賳鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-contributing" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-contributing" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賲卮丕乇賰丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>鬲賵丕氐賱 賲毓 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="丨賷孬 鬲噩丿 丕賱賲爻丕毓丿丞"><span>賲爻丕毓丿丞</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>丕賱賲賷丿丕賳</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" style="width: 7em; 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>丿禺賵賱</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 氐賮丨丕鬲 賱賱賲丨乇乇賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 爻噩賻賾賱賵丕 禺乇賵噩賴賲 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="鬲毓賱賻賾賲 丕賱賲夭賷丿 亘禺氐賵氐 丕賱鬲丨乇賷乇"><span>鬲毓賱賻賾賲 丕賱賲夭賷丿</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="賯丕卅賲丞 亘鬲毓丿賷賱丕鬲 賯丕賲 亘賴丕 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱丌賷 亘賷 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>賲爻丕賴賲丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="賳賯丕卮 丨賵賱 丕賱鬲毓丿賷賱丕鬲 賲賳 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱兀賷亘賷 賴匕丕 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>賳賯丕卮</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> 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href=\"/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_2023\" title=\"鬲氐賳賷賮:賲匕丕亘丨 禺賱丕賱 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賯鬲賱 丕賱賲丿賳賷賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E \n\u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\" title=\"賲噩夭乇丞 賲爻鬲卮賮賶 丕賱賲毓賲丿丕賳賷\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮 丕賱賲爻鬲卮賮賷丕鬲 賵丕賱賲丿丕乇爻\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E .... \u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89#丕賱丿毓丕賷丞_丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞\" title=\"毓賲賱賷丞 胤賵賮丕賳 丕賱兀賯氐賶\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賱鬲囟賱賷賱 賵丕賱賰賷賱 亘賲賰賷丕賱賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"賵賯賮 廿胤賱丕賯 丕賱賳丕乇 賮賷 睾夭丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003E兀賵賯賮賵丕 丕賱丨乇亘\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E .... 賵丕賳卮乇賵丕 丕賱爻賱丕賲 丕賱毓丕丿賱 賵丕賱卮丕賲賱\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲賵賯毓"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">丕賳賯賱 賱賱卮乇賷胤 丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-賲氐丕丿乇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賲氐丕丿乇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>賲氐丕丿乇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賲氐丕丿乇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="鬲亘丿賷賱 毓乇囟 噩丿賵賱 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">鬲亘丿賷賱 毓乇囟 噩丿賵賱 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">賰丕馗賲 噩賵丕丿</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="賴匕賴 丕賱賲賯丕賱丞 鬲鬲賵丕噩丿 賮賯胤 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賱睾丞. 兀囟賮賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 丕賱兀禺乇賶." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀囟賮 賱睾丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12234296#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="廿囟丕賮丞 賵氐賱丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱賱睾丕鬲" class="wbc-editpage">兀囟賮 賵氐賱丕鬲</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="賳胤丕賯丕鬲"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="丕毓乇囟 氐賮丨丞 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>賲賯丕賱丞</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4:%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" rel="discussion" title="賳賯丕卮 氐賮丨丞 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>賳賯丕卮</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="睾賷賾乇 賱賴噩丞 丕賱賱睾丞" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="賲毓丕賷賳丞"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF"><span>丕賯乇兀</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF&action=edit" title="毓丿賱 丕賱賰賵丿 丕賱賲氐丿乇賷 賱賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>毓丿賾賱</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF&action=history" title="丕賱賳爻禺 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賱賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>鬲丕乇賷禺</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲 丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">兀丿賵丕鬲</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">丕賳賯賱 賱賱卮乇賷胤 丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 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.entete.triathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Triathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.ultimate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ultimate_pictogram.svg/70px-Ultimate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.union-europeenne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Picto_Infobox_Europe.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.voile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67892660">@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sm_th{background-color:#27292d!important;color:#fff}}</style> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellspacing="3px"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" class="entete humain" style="line-height:1.5em; background-color:#C0C0C0;color:#000000">賰丕馗賲 噩賵丕丿 </th></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"> 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 卮禺氐賷丞 </th> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">丕賱賲賷賱丕丿</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">1928<br /><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="丕賱賳丕氐乇賷丞 (賲丿賷賳丞)">丕賱賳丕氐乇賷丞</a> <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12234296#P19" title="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P19) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲"><img alt="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P19) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">丕賱賵賮丕丞</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">1984<br /><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="亘乇賱賷賳">亘乇賱賷賳</a> <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12234296#P20" title="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P20) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲"><img alt="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P20) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"> 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 </th> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A9" title="賲賴賳丞">丕賱賲賴賳丞</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="卮丕毓乇">卮丕毓乇</a>貙  <a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_(%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81)" title="賰丕鬲亘 (賲丐賱賮)">賵賰丕鬲亘</a> <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12234296#P106" title="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P106) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲"><img alt="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P106) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #E1E1E1 dotted; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">鬲毓丿賷賱 賲氐丿乇賷</span></a> - <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF&veaction=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">鬲毓丿賷賱</span></a> </span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" title="胤丕賱毓 鬲賵孬賷賯 丕賱賯丕賱亘"><img alt="胤丕賱毓 鬲賵孬賷賯 丕賱賯丕賱亘" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>賰丕馗賲 亘賳 噩賵丕丿 亘賳 毓賮賵賳 丕賱毓丕乇囟賷</b> 賵 卮賴乇鬲賴 <b>賰丕馗賲 噩賵丕丿</b> 賴賵 <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="卮丕毓乇">卮丕毓乇</a><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="毓乇丕賯賷賵賳">毓乇丕賯賷</a> 賵賱丿 賮賷 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)" class="mw-disambig" title="丕賱賳丕氐乇賷丞 (鬲賵囟賷丨)">丕賱賳丕氐乇賷丞</a> 毓丕賲 <a href="/wiki/1347_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1347 賴賭">1347賴賭</a> 丕賱賲賵丕賮賯 <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928賲</a>貙 賵鬲賵賮賷 賮賷 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="亘乇賱賷賳">亘乇賱賷賳</a> 賮賷 毓丕賲 <a href="/wiki/1405_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1405 賴賭">1405賴賭</a> 丕賱賲賵丕賮賯 <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984賲</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 鬲禺乇噩 賲賳 噩丕賲毓丞 丕賱丨賯賵賯 賵毓賲賱 賮賷 賵夭丕乇丞 丕賱廿毓賱丕賲 賵賱賴 <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)" class="mw-disambig" title="丿賷賵丕賳 (鬲賵囟賷丨)">丿賷賵丕賳</a> 賱賴 丿賷賵丕賳 兀睾丕賳賷 丕賱丨乇賷丞 氐丿賿乇 毓丕賲 <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>.賵 鬲乇噩賲 賲爻乇丨賷丞 賯賷孬丕乇丞 睾乇賳丕胤丞 賱賱卮丕毓乇 丕賱廿爻亘丕賳賷 賱賵乇賰丕 鬲賵賮賷 賮賷 賲爻鬲卮賮賶 亘亘乇賱賷賳.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賲氐丕丿乇"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B5.D8.A7.D8.AF.D8.B1"></span>賲氐丕丿乇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="毓丿賱 丕賱賯爻賲: 賲氐丕丿乇"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185426">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal;overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67739214">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121442/http://www.almoajam.org/poet_details.php?id=5671">"賰丕馗賲 噩賵丕丿"</a>. <i>賲毓噩賲 丕賱亘丕亘胤賷賳 賱卮毓乇丕亍 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳賷賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇 賵丕賱毓卮乇賷賳</i>. 賲丐爻爻丞 噩丕卅夭丞 毓亘丿 丕賱毓夭賷夭 爻毓賵丿 丕賱亘丕亘胤賷賳 賱賱廿亘丿丕毓 丕賱卮毓乇賷. 賲丐乇卮賮 賲賳 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almoajam.org/poet_details.php?id=5671">丕賱兀氐賱</a> 賮賷 14 賷賵賱賷賵 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 丕胤賱毓 毓賱賷賴 亘鬲丕乇賷禺 鬲卮乇賷賳 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9+%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86&rft.atitle=%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almoajam.org%2Fpoet_details.php%3Fid%3D5671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="賯丕賱亘:丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿 賵賷亘">丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿 賵賷亘</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">鬲丨賯賯 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賮賷: <code class="cs1-code">|鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賵氐賵賱=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF#bad_date" title="賲爻丕毓丿丞:兀禺胤丕亍 丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿">賲爻丕毓丿丞</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67739214"><cite id="CITEREF丕賱賲丕賱丨1999" class="citation book cs1">丕賱賲丕賱丨貙 賳夭丕乇 兀亘丕馗丞-賲丨賲丿 乇賷丕囟 (1 賷賳丕賷乇 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215220220/https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=CEKyVprAN_4C&lpg=PT139&dq=賲賰鬲亘%20毓賳亘乇&pg=PT208"><i>廿鬲賲丕賲 丕賱兀毓賱丕賲</i></a>. IslamKotob. 賲丐乇卮賮 賲賳 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=CEKyVprAN_4C&lpg=PT139&dq=%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%20%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1&pg=PT208#v=onepage&q=%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%20%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1&f=false">丕賱兀氐賱</a> 賮賷 2019-12-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A5%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.pub=IslamKotob&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.aulast=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD&rft.aufirst=%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.sa%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCEKyVprAN_4C%26lpg%3DPT139%26dq%3D%25D9%2585%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8%2520%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%26pg%3DPT208%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25D9%2585%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8%2520%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67739214"><cite id="CITEREF賰丕賲賱_爻賱賲丕賳_丕賱噩亘賵乇賷2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="賰丕賲賱 爻賱賲丕賳 丕賱噩亘賵乇賷">賰丕賲賱 爻賱賲丕賳 丕賱噩亘賵乇賷</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JAB2003ARAR"><i>賲毓噩賲 丕賱兀丿亘丕亍 賲賳 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱噩丕賴賱賷 丨鬲賶 爻賳丞 2002賲</i></a>. 亘賷乇賵鬲: <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="丿丕乇 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞">丿丕乇 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞</a>. 噩. 5. 氐. 7. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8" title="丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱賯賷丕爻賷 丕賱丿賵賱賷 賱鬲乇賯賷賲 丕賱賰鬲亘">ISBN</a>:<a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/978-2-7451-3694-7" title="禺丕氐:賲氐丕丿乇 賰鬲丕亘/978-2-7451-3694-7"><bdi>978-2-7451-3694-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="賲乇賰夭 丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞 丕賱乇賯賲賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賳鬲乇賳鬲">OCLC</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54614801">54614801</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL21012293M">21012293M</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲">QID</a>:<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111309344" class="extiw" title="d:Q111309344">Q111309344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%89+%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9+2002%D9%85&rft.place=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54614801&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL21012293M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-2-7451-3694-7&rft.au=%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FJAB2003ARAR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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