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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Province_of_New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Province of New York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Province_of_New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Revolutionary War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Post-independence era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urbanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Urbanization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Twin city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seth_Low_as_mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seth_Low_as_mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.1</span> <span>Seth Low as mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seth_Low_as_mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayors_of_the_City_of_Brooklyn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayors_of_the_City_of_Brooklyn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.2</span> <span>Mayors of the City of Brooklyn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayors_of_the_City_of_Brooklyn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_City_borough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_City_borough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>New York City borough</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_City_borough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boroughscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boroughscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Boroughscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boroughscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Neighborhoods subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Community_diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Community diversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jewish_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Jewish American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Chinese American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caribbean_and_African_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caribbean_and_African_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Caribbean and African American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caribbean_and_African_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hispanic_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hispanic_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Hispanic American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hispanic_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_and_Ukrainian_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_and_Ukrainian_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Russian and Ukrainian American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_and_Ukrainian_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.6</span> <span>Polish American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.7</span> <span>Italian American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_American_&_Muslim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_American_&_Muslim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.8</span> <span>Arab American & Muslim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_American_&_Muslim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irish_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irish_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.9</span> <span>Irish American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irish_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asian_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asian_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.10</span> <span>South Asian American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asian_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.11</span> <span>Greek American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBTQ_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBTQ_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.12</span> <span>LGBTQ community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBTQ_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists-in-residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists-in-residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.13</span> <span>Artists-in-residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists-in-residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cultural venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_periodicals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_periodicals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Local periodicals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_periodicals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Ethnic press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_other_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_other_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Parks and other attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parks_and_other_attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Parks and other attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_other_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Federal representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>Public colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>Private colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.3</span> <span>Community colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brooklyn_Public_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brooklyn_Public_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Brooklyn Public Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brooklyn_Public_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roadways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roadways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Roadways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roadways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Waterways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnerships_with_districts_of_foreign_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships_with_districts_of_foreign_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Partnerships with districts of foreign cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships_with_districts_of_foreign_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitals_and_healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitals_and_healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Hospitals and healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitals_and_healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>General links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>History of neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.3</span> <span>General history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Published_before_1941" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_before_1941"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Published before 1941</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_before_1941-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_1941–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_1941–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>Published 1941–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_1941–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Brooklyn: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" title="Brooklyn, New York – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brooklyn, New York" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocoland" title="Brocoland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Brocoland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بروكلين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروكلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruklin" title="Bruklin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bruklin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بروکلین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بروکلین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ব্রুকলিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রুকলিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Бруклін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бруклін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Бруклін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бруклін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Brooklyn (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Brooklyn (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Μπρούκλιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπρούκλιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broklino" title="Broklino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Broklino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بروکلین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بروکلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8A%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D9%86%D9%8A%DB%8A%DB%8C%D8%A4%D8%B1%DA%A9)" title="برۊکلين (نيۊیؤرک) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="برۊکلين (نيۊیؤرک)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0" title="브루클린 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브루클린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Բրուքլին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրուքլին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रुकलीन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रुकलीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" title="Brooklyn, New York – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brooklyn, New York" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF,_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="কিংস কাউন্টি, নিউ ইয়র্ক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কিংস কাউন্টি, নিউ ইয়র্ক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ברוקלין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברוקלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" title="Brooklyn, New York – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Brooklyn, New York" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბრუკლინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრუკლინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklynium" title="Brooklynium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Brooklynium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruklina" title="Bruklina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bruklina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruklinas" title="Bruklinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bruklinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ബ്രൂക്ലിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രൂക്ലിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रुकलिन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रुकलिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბრუკლინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრუკლინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بروكلين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بروكلين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3k-g%C3%AC-l%C4%81ng" title="Bók-gì-lāng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bók-gì-lāng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_(New_York)" title="Brooklyn (New York) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brooklyn (New York)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%BA" title="ブルックリン区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブルックリン区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruklin" title="Bruklin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bruklin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86" title="بروکلن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بروکلن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucculinu" title="Brucculinu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Brucculinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%95%DB%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بڕۆکلین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بڕۆکلین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="புரூக்ளின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புரூக்ளின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бруклин – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бруклин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="บรุกลิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บรุกลิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Бруклін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бруклін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="بروکلن، نیویارک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بروکلن، نیویارک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%BA" title="布鲁克林区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布鲁克林区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ברוקלין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ברוקלין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%A2%8C%E5%B4%99" title="布碌崙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布碌崙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn&oldid=1256883066" title="Brooklyn">Revision as of 01:19, 12 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn&action=edit&oldid=1256883066" title="Brooklyn">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-12T01:19:08Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:14D:4B80:1950:ADC8:2DB2:27F6:D85C" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/2601:14D:4B80:1950:ADC8:2DB2:27F6:D85C" data-mw-revid="1256883066"><bdi>2601:14d:4b80:1950:adc8:2db2:27f6:d85c</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2601:14D:4B80:1950:ADC8:2DB2:27F6:D85C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" 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It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:14D:4B80:1950:ADC8:2DB2:27F6:D85C" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/2601:14D:4B80:1950:ADC8:2DB2:27F6:D85C" data-mw-revid="1256886025"><bdi>2601:14d:4b80:1950:adc8:2db2:27f6:d85c</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2601:14D:4B80:1950:ADC8:2DB2:27F6:D85C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:2601:14D:4B80:1950:ADC8:2DB2:27F6:D85C (page does not exist)">talk</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#New_Netherland">→<bdi dir="ltr">New Netherland</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tags</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_edit">Mobile edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_web_edit">Mobile web edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-disambiguator-link-added"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation#Links_to_disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation links</a> added</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn&diff=next&oldid=1256886025" title="Brooklyn" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 149:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 149:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>===Colonial era===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>===Colonial era===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>====New Netherland====</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>====New Netherland====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The [[Dutch <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Republic|</del>Dutch]] were the first Europeans to settle Long Island's western edge, which was then largely inhabited by the [[Lenape]], an Algonquian-speaking [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] tribe often referred to in European documents by a variation of the place name "[[Canarsie]]". Bands were associated with place names, but the colonists thought their names represented different tribes. The ''Breuckelen'' settlement was named after [[Breukelen]] in the [[Netherlands]]; it was part of [[New Netherland]]. The [[Dutch West India Company]] lost little time in chartering the six original parishes (listed here by their later English town names):<ref>[http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Town/Bushwick/index.html ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629011359/http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Town/Bushwick/index.html |date=June 29, 2014 }}, "Map of six townships"</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The [[Dutch<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the [[</ins>Dutch<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Republic]] / [[Holland</ins>]] were the first <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Europe|</ins>Europeans<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins> to settle <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Long Island<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>'s western edge, which was then largely inhabited by the [[Lenape]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> indigenous natives</ins>, an Algonquian-speaking<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> language</ins> [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] tribe often referred to in European documents by a variation of the place name "[[Canarsie]]". Bands<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> of people</ins> were associated with place names, but the<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Dutch European</ins> colonists thought their names represented different tribes. The<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> new</ins> ''Breuckelen'' settlement<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> village</ins> was named after<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> the town of</ins> [[Breukelen<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] across the [[ Atlantic Ocean</ins>]] in the [[Netherlands]]; it was part of<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> newly established</ins> [[New Netherland]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> colony in [[North America]] along the middle [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] and further inland upstream along the renamed [[Hudson River]] and the nearby [[Delaware River]], further south</ins>. The<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> mercantile entrepreneurs and colonists of the</ins> [[Dutch West India Company]] lost little time in chartering the six original parishes<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> of their newly-claimed North American colony,</ins> (listed here by their later English town names):<ref>[http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Town/Bushwick/index.html ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629011359/http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Town/Bushwick/index.html |date=June 29, 2014 }}, "Map of six townships"</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*[[Gravesend, Brooklyn|Gravesend]]: in 1645, settled under Dutch patent by English followers of [[Anabaptist]] [[Deborah Moody]], named for [['s-Gravenzande]], Netherlands, or [[Gravesend]], England;</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*[[Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn|Brooklyn Heights]]: chartered as ''Breuckelen'' in 1646, after the town now spelled [[Breukelen]], Netherlands. Breuckelen was along Fulton Street (now Fulton Mall) between Hoyt Street and Smith Street (according to H. Stiles and P. Ross). Brooklyn Heights, or Clover Hill, is where the village of Brooklyn was founded in 1816;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*[[Gravesend, Brooklyn|Gravesend]]: in 1645, settled under Dutch patent by English followers of [[Anabaptist]] [[Deborah Moody]], named for [['s-Gravenzande]], Netherlands, or [[Gravesend]], [[England]];</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>*[[Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn|Brooklyn Heights]]: chartered as ''Breuckelen'' in 1646, after the town now spelled [[Breukelen]],<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> in the</ins> Netherlands. Breuckelen was along Fulton Street (now Fulton Mall) between Hoyt Street and Smith Street (according to H. Stiles and P. Ross). Brooklyn Heights, or Clover Hill, is where the village of Brooklyn was founded in 1816;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*[[Flatlands, Brooklyn|Flatlands]]: chartered as ''Nieuw [[Amersfoort]]'' in 1647;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*[[Flatlands, Brooklyn|Flatlands]]: chartered as ''Nieuw [[Amersfoort]]'' in 1647;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*[[Flatbush, Brooklyn|Flatbush]]: chartered as ''[[Midwood, Brooklyn|Midwout]]'' in 1652;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*[[Flatbush, Brooklyn|Flatbush]]: chartered as ''[[Midwood, Brooklyn|Midwout]]'' in 1652;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*[[New Utrecht, Brooklyn|''Nieuw Utrecht'']] in 1652, named after the city of [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], Netherlands; and</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*[[New Utrecht, Brooklyn|''Nieuw Utrecht'']] in 1652, named after the city of [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], Netherlands; and</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*[[Bushwick, Brooklyn|Bushwick]]: chartered as ''Boswijck'' in 1661.[[File: Dining table in Brooklyn, c. 1664 IMG 3837.JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|A dining table from the Dutch village of Brooklyn, {{circa|1664}}, in [[The Brooklyn Museum]]]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*[[Bushwick, Brooklyn|Bushwick]]: chartered as ''Boswijck'' in 1661.[[File: Dining table in Brooklyn, c. 1664 IMG 3837.JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|A dining table from the Dutch village of Brooklyn, {{circa|1664}}, in [[The Brooklyn Museum]]]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The colony's capital of [[New Amsterdam]], across the East River, obtained its charter in 1653. The neighborhood of [[Marine Park, Brooklyn|Marine Park]] was home to North America's first [[tide mill]]. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today. But the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in [[Gabriel Furman]]'s 1824 compilation.<ref>[http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/30/ ''Notes Geographical and Historical, relating to the Town of Brooklyn, in Kings County on Long-Island''].</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The colony's <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>capital<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> city|capital town]]</ins> of [[New Amsterdam]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, on the southern portion of the island of [[Manhattan]] to the west</ins>, across the East River, obtained its charter in 1653. The neighborhood of [[Marine Park, Brooklyn|Marine Park]] was home to North America's first [[tide mill]]. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today. But the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in [[Gabriel Furman]]'s 1824 compilation.<ref>[http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/30/ ''Notes Geographical and Historical, relating to the Town of Brooklyn, in Kings County on Long-Island''].</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>====Province of New York====</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>====Province of New York====</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 01:40, 12 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Borough and county in New York, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the borough in New York City. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Brooklyn (disambiguation)">Brooklyn (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Borough and county in New York, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Brooklyn</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Kings County, New York</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Borough</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">county</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Brooklyn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brooklyn skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Downtown_Brooklyn.jpg/288px-Downtown_Brooklyn.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Downtown_Brooklyn.jpg/432px-Downtown_Brooklyn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Downtown_Brooklyn.jpg/576px-Downtown_Brooklyn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> seen from <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Bridge_Manhattan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brooklyn Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brooklyn_Bridge_Manhattan.jpg/142px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Manhattan.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brooklyn_Bridge_Manhattan.jpg/213px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Manhattan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brooklyn_Bridge_Manhattan.jpg/284px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Manhattan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_(June_2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coney Island beach and amusement parks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/142px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/213px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/284px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Entrance_(52302265063).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Entrance_%2852302265063%29.jpg/137px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Entrance_%2852302265063%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Entrance_%2852302265063%29.jpg/206px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Entrance_%2852302265063%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Entrance_%2852302265063%29.jpg/274px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Entrance_%2852302265063%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3768" data-file-height="2826" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brooklyn Borough Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG/147px-Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="147" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG/221px-Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG/294px-Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3732" data-file-height="2626" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Borough_Hall" title="Brooklyn Borough Hall">Borough Hall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BarclayCenter-2_(48034233762).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Barclays Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/BarclayCenter-2_%2848034233762%29.jpg/170px-BarclayCenter-2_%2848034233762%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/BarclayCenter-2_%2848034233762%29.jpg/255px-BarclayCenter-2_%2848034233762%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/BarclayCenter-2_%2848034233762%29.jpg/340px-BarclayCenter-2_%2848034233762%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Barclays_Center" title="Barclays Center">Barclays Center</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brooklyn College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg/114px-2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg/171px-2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg/228px-2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="3368" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_College" title="Brooklyn College">Brooklyn College</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brooklyn,_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brooklyn"><img alt="Flag of Brooklyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg/110px-Flag_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg/165px-Flag_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg/220px-Flag_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="252" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City" title="Flags of New York City">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Brooklyn,_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Brooklyn"><img alt="Official seal of Brooklyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Seal_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg/90px-Seal_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Seal_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg/135px-Seal_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Seal_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg/180px-Seal_of_Brooklyn%2C_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="315" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i><a href="/wiki/Unity_makes_strength" title="Unity makes strength">Eendraght Maeckt Maght</a></i><br />("Unity makes strength")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-overlays="["_00ad1d065066593f9b727923e454e0100bf95aa1"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brooklyn&revid=1256886025&groups=_00ad1d065066593f9b727923e454e0100bf95aa1" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brooklyn&revid=1256886025&groups=_00ad1d065066593f9b727923e454e0100bf95aa1 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map outlining Brooklyn</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Kings_County.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooklyn in New York State"><img alt="Brooklyn in New York State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Kings_County.svg/250px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Kings_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Kings_County.svg/375px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Kings_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Kings_County.svg/500px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Kings_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="838" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Brooklyn in New York State</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_New_York_City_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooklyn is located in New York City"><img alt="Brooklyn is located in New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/USA_New_York_City_location_map.svg/250px-USA_New_York_City_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/USA_New_York_City_location_map.svg/375px-USA_New_York_City_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/USA_New_York_City_location_map.svg/500px-USA_New_York_City_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="757" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.842%;left:47.41%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brooklyn"><img alt="Brooklyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Brooklyn</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of New York City</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_New_York_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooklyn is located in New York"><img alt="Brooklyn is located in New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/250px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/375px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/500px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:92.144%;left:72.406%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brooklyn"><img alt="Brooklyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Brooklyn</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/State_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="State of New York">State of New York</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of New York</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooklyn is located in the United States"><img alt="Brooklyn is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.626%;left:85.741%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brooklyn"><img alt="Brooklyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Brooklyn</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooklyn is located in Earth"><img alt="Brooklyn is located in Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/250px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/375px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/500px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.393%;left:29.447%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brooklyn"><img alt="Brooklyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Brooklyn</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Earth</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brooklyn&params=40_41_34_N_73_59_25_W_region:US-NYC_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°41′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°59′25″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.69278°N 73.99028°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.69278; -73.99028</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of counties in New York (state)">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kings (coterminous)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York (state)">City</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1634</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Breukelen" title="Breukelen">Breukelen</a>, Netherlands</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Borough</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Borough_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough President">Borough President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Reynoso" title="Antonio Reynoso">Antonio Reynoso</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) <br />— <i>(Borough of Brooklyn)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_District_Attorney" title="Brooklyn District Attorney">District Attorney</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Gonzalez_(lawyer)" title="Eric Gonzalez (lawyer)">Eric Gonzalez</a> (D) <br />— <i>(Kings County)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">97 sq mi (250 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">70.82 sq mi (183.4 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">26 sq mi (67 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">220 ft (67 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,736,074<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusMap_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusMap-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">38,634/sq mi (14,917/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Brooklynite<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-bea.gov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bea.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">US$107.274 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a> prefix</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">112</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_718,_347,_and_929" title="Area codes 718, 347, and 929">718/347/929</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_917" title="Area code 917">917</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Congressional districts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="New York's 7th congressional district">7th</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="New York's 8th congressional district">8th</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="New York's 9th congressional district">9th</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="New York's 10th congressional district">10th</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="New York's 11th congressional district">11th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynbp.nyc.gov">brooklynbp.nyc.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Brooklyn</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> located at the westernmost end of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/State_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="State of New York">State of New York</a>. Formerly an independent city, the borough is coextensive with <b>Kings County</b>, one of the twelve original colonial-era <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">counties</a> established under <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> / <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> rule of 1683 (of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> / later <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>, after 1707 merger of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> with <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> to the north on the island of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>), in the then colonial <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>, set up as one of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> / <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> also known as <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a>, on the continent of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, part of the world-wide <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. </p><p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusMap_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusMap-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the population of Brooklyn stood at 2,736,074 (2.74 million citizens/residents), making it the most populous of the five boroughs of New York City, the most populous <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)#County" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">county</a> of the 62 constituent counties in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">state of New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Counties2020NYS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Counties2020NYS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CensusPopulation2022_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusPopulation2022-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brooklyn, at 37,339.9 inhabitants per square mile (14,417.0/km<sup>2</sup>), is the second <a href="/wiki/County_statistics_of_the_United_States#Most_densely_populated" title="County statistics of the United States">most densely populated county</a> in the U.S.A. after the adjacent island / borough of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New York County">New York County</a>), as of 2022. Both Manhattan and Brooklyn <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> / <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">counties</a> are also the most densely populated of the 62 counties / jurisdictions in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusDensity2022_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusDensity2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Had Brooklyn remained an independent city after the merger / consolidation act of the City of Greater New York of 1898, it would today 126 years later, be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">fourth most populous</a> American city after the rest of New York City alone (with the four remaining boroughs) as still first, and two other ranking American cities of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> - as second, and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> - as third.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusPopulation2022_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusPopulation2022-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Named after the <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Dutch</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Breukelen" title="Breukelen">Breukelen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a>, later part of the modern <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, Brooklyn shares a border with the New York City borough of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> to the northeast, at the western end of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. It has several bridge and tunnel connections of streets and highways, plus underwater tunnels of railroads and subways to the borough of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> to the west, and is connected to another New York City borough of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> further to the southwest across <a href="/wiki/The_Narrows" title="The Narrows">The Narrows</a> strait between <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_New_York_Bay" title="Lower New York Bay">Lower New York Bay</a> by way of the prominent landmark <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension span</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a> (built 1960-1964), and an underwater subway system tunnel line from the <a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a> beneath <a href="/wiki/New_York_Bay" title="New York Bay">New York Bay</a>. </p><p>With a land area of 69.38 square miles (179.7 km<sup>2</sup>) and a water area of 27.48 square miles (71.2 km<sup>2</sup>), Kings County is the state of New York's fourth-smallest county by land area and third smallest by total area.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brooklyn was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Dutch</a> explorers / colonizers of the adjacent <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> colony established 1614, and town of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> with its protecting battery of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a> on the southern point and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">southern / lower portion</a> of the central island of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, flanked by two rivers, the North River to the west (later renamed the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>) and on the east side of the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> (actually a long <a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">strait</a> leading northeast to the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a>), in the early <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a>. </p><p>It grew northward and outward into a busy seaport city on <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> and adjacent <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> extending west and southwest into adjacent lands of the <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">northern portion</a> of the separate colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> by the subsequent <a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th</a> and <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th centuries</a>. First under <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> colonial rule, then after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (1775-1783), with the continued extended <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> military occupation of the town, then the final 1776 / 1783 independence of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and Americans home-rule. The development of the seaport towns and region extended further east up the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a> onto <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> and residential, commercial and industrial growth filled the coastline of the river, bay, sound and inlets and interior of the adjacent Long Island and first village of Brooklyn, along with numerous others in <a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings County, New York">Kings County</a> and adjacent <a href="/wiki/Queens_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens County, New York">Queens County</a>. </p><p>On January<span class="nowrap"> </span>1, 1898, after a long <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">political and media campaign and public-relations battle</a> during the late <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> and heating up especially in the <a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a> and despite opposition and doubts from the old <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brooklyn">City of Brooklyn</a> residents and officials, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">independent City of Brooklyn</a> was consolidated in and annexed (along with other outlying areas) to form the metropolitan-wide <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">City of Greater New York</a> with the current five-boroughs governmental structure of modern <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in accordance to the new municipal charter adopted for the new "<a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">City of Greater New York</a>" (occasionally modified, amended and restructured in the 127 years since).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The borough continues to maintain some <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brooklyn" title="Culture of Brooklyn">distinct culture</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/List_of_Brooklyn_neighborhoods" title="List of Brooklyn neighborhoods">Brooklyn neighborhoods</a> are <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_enclave" title="Ethnic enclave">ethnic enclaves</a>. With <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in New York City">Jews</a> forming around a quarter of its population, the borough has been described as "the most Jewish spot on Earth".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brooklyn's official motto, displayed on the borough seal and <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City%27s_boroughs#Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of New York City's boroughs">flag</a>, is <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Eendraght Maeckt Maght</i></span>, which translates from early modern <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a> as '<a href="/wiki/Unity_makes_strength" title="Unity makes strength">Unity makes strength</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Educational institutions in the borough of Brooklyn include the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>, the municipal higher education system's <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_College" title="Brooklyn College">Brooklyn College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers_College" title="Medgar Evers College">Medgar Evers College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_College_of_Technology" title="New York City College of Technology">College of Technology</a>. In the first decades of the <a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a>, Brooklyn has experienced a renaissance as a destination and national public awareness for <a href="/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)" title="Hipster (contemporary subculture)">"hipsters"</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with concomitant <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a>, dramatic house-price increases, and a decrease in housing affordability.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some new developments are required to include affordable housing units.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the <a href="/wiki/2010s" title="2010s">2010s</a>, parts of Brooklyn have evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship, high-technology <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup firms</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynDesignHub_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynDesignHub-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">postmodern art</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynArt1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynArt1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and design.<sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynDesignHub_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynDesignHub-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2></div> <p>The name Brooklyn is derived from the original <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Breukelen" title="Breukelen">Breukelen</a>. The oldest mention of the settlement in the Netherlands is in a charter of 953 by <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor_Otto_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman Emperor Otto I">Holy Roman Emperor Otto I</a> as <i>Broecklede</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This form is made up of the words <i>broeck</i>, meaning bog or <a href="/wiki/Marshland" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshland">marshland</a>, and <i>lede</i>, meaning small (dug) water stream, specifically in peat areas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breuckelen on the American continent was established in 1646, and the name first appeared in print in 1663.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the past two millennia, the name of the ancient town in Holland has been <i>Bracola</i>, <i>Broccke</i>, <i>Brocckede</i>, <i>Broiclede</i>, <i>Brocklandia</i>, <i>Broekclen</i>, <i>Broikelen</i>, <i>Breuckelen,</i> and finally <i>Breukelen</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New Amsterdam settlement of <i>Breuckelen</i> also went through many spelling variations, including <i>Breucklyn</i>, <i>Breuckland</i>, <i>Brucklyn</i>, <i>Broucklyn</i>, <i>Brookland</i>, <i>Brockland</i>, <i>Brocklin</i>, and <i>Brookline/Brook-line</i>. There have been so many variations of the name that its origin has been debated; some have claimed <i>breuckelen</i> means "broken land."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current name, however, is the one that best reflects its meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brooklyn" title="Timeline of Brooklyn">Timeline of Brooklyn</a>.</div> <style 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Long_Island%E2%80%94Title.svg/220px-Long_Island%E2%80%94Title.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Long_Island%E2%80%94Title.svg/330px-Long_Island%E2%80%94Title.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Long_Island%E2%80%94Title.svg/440px-Long_Island%E2%80%94Title.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="361" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Long_Island" title="Geography of Long Island">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Long_Island" title="History of Long Island">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Long_Island" title="Economy of Long Island">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Long_Island_public_school_districts_and_schools" title="List of Long Island public school districts and schools">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_on_Long_Island" title="Transportation on Long Island">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Long_Island" title="Politics of Long Island">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Long_Islanders" title="List of Long Islanders">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_on_Long_Island" title="List of tallest buildings on Long Island">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_on_Long_Island" title="List of tourist attractions on Long Island">Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Long_Island_law_enforcement_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Long Island law enforcement agencies">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_AVA" title="Long Island AVA">Viticulture</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Regions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk County</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_on_Long_Island" title="List of municipalities on Long Island">Municipalities</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="North Shore (Long Island)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="South Shore (Long Island)">South Shore</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Fork,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="North Fork, Suffolk County, New York">North Fork</a></li> 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ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size: 88%; white-space:nowrap; padding-left:3em;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> series</span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Exploration_ships_of_the_Dutch_Republic" title="Category:Exploration ships of the Dutch Republic">Exploration</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_New_Netherland" title="Fortifications of New Netherland">Fortifications</a>:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nassau_(North_River)" title="Fort Nassau (North River)">Fort Nassau (North)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Orange_(New_Netherland)" title="Fort Orange (New Netherland)">Fort Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nassau_(South_River)" title="Fort Nassau (South River)">Fort Nassau (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Good_Hope_(Connecticut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Good Hope (Connecticut)">Fort Goede Hoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">De Wal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Casimir" title="Fort Casimir">Fort Casimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Christina" title="Fort Christina">Fort Altena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wilhelmus" title="Fort Wilhelmus">Fort Wilhelmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Beversreede" title="Fort Beversreede">Fort Beversreede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nya_Korsholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Nya Korsholm">Fort Nya Korsholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rondout" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rondout">De Rondout</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland_settlements" title="New Netherland settlements">Settlements</a>:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Noten Eylandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">Nieuw Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaerswyck" title="Rensselaerswyck">Rensselaerswijck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Harlem" title="History of Harlem">Nieuw Haarlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverwijck" title="Beverwijck">Beverwijck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York#History" title="Kingston, New York">Wiltwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen,_New_Netherland" title="Bergen, New Netherland">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavonia,_New_Netherland" title="Pavonia, New Netherland">Pavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriessendael" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriessendael">Vriessendael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achter_Col" class="mw-redirect" title="Achter Col">Achter Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing,_Queens" title="Flushing, Queens">Vlissingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Staten_Island" title="Old Town, Staten Island">Oude Dorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colen_Donck" title="Colen Donck">Colen Donck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heemstede_(Nieuw-Nederland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heemstede (Nieuw-Nederland)">Heemstede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica,_Queens" title="Jamaica, Queens">Rustdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brooklyn">Breuckelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatlands,_Brooklyn" title="Flatlands, Brooklyn">Nieuw Amersfoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Utrecht,_Brooklyn" title="New Utrecht, Brooklyn">Nieuw Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Boswijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaanendael" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaanendael">Swaanendael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">Nieuw Amstel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Dorp,_Staten_Island" title="New Dorp, Staten Island">Nieuw Dorp</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Patroon" title="Patroon">The Patroon System</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Freedoms_and_Exemptions" title="Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions">Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Jacobsen_May" title="Cornelius Jacobsen May">Cornelius Jacobsen May</a> <i>(1620–25)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Verhulst" title="Willem Verhulst">Willem Verhulst</a> <i>(1625–26)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit">Peter Minuit</a> <i>(1626–32)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiaen_Jansen_Krol" title="Sebastiaen Jansen Krol">Sebastiaen Jansen Krol</a> <i>(1632–33)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wouter_van_Twiller" title="Wouter van Twiller">Wouter van Twiller</a> <i>(1633–38)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Kieft" title="Willem Kieft">Willem Kieft</a> <i>(1638–47)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> <i>(1647–64)</i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_New_Netherland" title="Category:People from New Netherland">People of New Netherland</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherlander" title="New Netherlander">New Netherlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Men" title="Twelve Men">Twelve Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Men" title="Eight Men">Eight Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Men" title="Nine Men">Nine Men</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance" title="Flushing Remonstrance">Flushing Remonstrance</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black, circular seal with a notched, outer border. The center contains a shield or crest with a crown atop it. In the shield is a beaver. Surrounding the shield are the words "SIGILLVM NOVI BELGII"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg/75px-New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg/113px-New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg/150px-New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1763" data-file-height="1758" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Netherland" title="Template:New Netherland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Netherland" title="Template talk:New Netherland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Netherland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Netherland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The history of <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European settlement</a> in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years. The settlement began in the 17th century as the small <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Dutch colonization of the Americas">Dutch-founded</a> town of "Breuckelen" on the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> shore of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, grew to be a sizeable city in the 19th century and was consolidated in 1898 with New York City (then confined to <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>), the remaining rural areas of Kings County, and the largely rural areas of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, to form the modern City of New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Netherland">New Netherland</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dutch" class="mw-disambig" title="Dutch">Dutch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> were the first <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europeans</a> to settle <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>'s western edge, which was then largely inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> indigenous natives, an Algonquian-speaking language <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> tribe often referred to in European documents by a variation of the place name "<a href="/wiki/Canarsie" class="mw-redirect" title="Canarsie">Canarsie</a>". Bands of people were associated with place names, but the Dutch European colonists thought their names represented different tribes. The new <i>Breuckelen</i> settlement village was named after the town of <a href="/wiki/Breukelen" title="Breukelen">Breukelen</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>; it was part of newly established <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> colony in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> along the middle <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> and further inland upstream along the renamed <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a>, further south. The mercantile entrepreneurs and colonists of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> lost little time in chartering the six original parishes of their newly-claimed North American colony, (listed here by their later English town names):<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a>: in 1645, settled under Dutch patent by English followers of <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a> <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Moody" title="Deborah Moody">Deborah Moody</a>, named for <a href="/wiki/%27s-Gravenzande" title="'s-Gravenzande">'s-Gravenzande</a>, Netherlands, or <a href="/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn">Brooklyn Heights</a>: chartered as <i>Breuckelen</i> in 1646, after the town now spelled <a href="/wiki/Breukelen" title="Breukelen">Breukelen</a>, in the Netherlands. Breuckelen was along Fulton Street (now Fulton Mall) between Hoyt Street and Smith Street (according to H. Stiles and P. Ross). Brooklyn Heights, or Clover Hill, is where the village of Brooklyn was founded in 1816;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flatlands,_Brooklyn" title="Flatlands, Brooklyn">Flatlands</a>: chartered as <i>Nieuw <a href="/wiki/Amersfoort" title="Amersfoort">Amersfoort</a></i> in 1647;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flatbush,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbush, Brooklyn">Flatbush</a>: chartered as <i><a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwout</a></i> in 1652;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Utrecht,_Brooklyn" title="New Utrecht, Brooklyn"><i>Nieuw Utrecht</i></a> in 1652, named after the city of <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a>, Netherlands; and</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Bushwick</a>: chartered as <i>Boswijck</i> in 1661.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dining_table_in_Brooklyn,_c._1664_IMG_3837.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dining_table_in_Brooklyn%2C_c._1664_IMG_3837.JPG/250px-Dining_table_in_Brooklyn%2C_c._1664_IMG_3837.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dining_table_in_Brooklyn%2C_c._1664_IMG_3837.JPG/375px-Dining_table_in_Brooklyn%2C_c._1664_IMG_3837.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dining_table_in_Brooklyn%2C_c._1664_IMG_3837.JPG/500px-Dining_table_in_Brooklyn%2C_c._1664_IMG_3837.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A dining table from the Dutch village of Brooklyn, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1664</span>, in <a href="/wiki/The_Brooklyn_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Brooklyn Museum">The Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure></li></ul> <p>The colony's <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital town</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, on the southern portion of the island of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> to the west, across the East River, obtained its charter in 1653. The neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Park, Brooklyn">Marine Park</a> was home to North America's first <a href="/wiki/Tide_mill" title="Tide mill">tide mill</a>. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today. But the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Furman" title="Gabriel Furman">Gabriel Furman</a>'s 1824 compilation.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Province_of_New_York">Province of New York</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BrooklynMap1766.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BrooklynMap1766.jpg/250px-BrooklynMap1766.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BrooklynMap1766.jpg/375px-BrooklynMap1766.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BrooklynMap1766.jpg/500px-BrooklynMap1766.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1629" /></a><figcaption>Village of Brooklyn and environs, 1766</figcaption></figure> <p>Present-day Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> captured the <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> colony in 1664, a prelude to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a>. New Netherland was taken in a naval action, and the English renamed the new capture for their naval commander, <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James, Duke of York</a>, brother of the then monarch <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a> and future king himself as <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">King James II</a>. Brooklyn became a part of the West Riding of <a href="/wiki/York_Shire_(Province_of_New_York)" title="York Shire (Province of New York)">York Shire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Colonies" title="Middle Colonies">Middle Colonies</a> of nascent <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a>. </p><p>On November 1, 1683, <i>Kings County</i> was partitioned from the West Riding of York Shire, containing the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as one of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York#Counties" title="Province of New York">"original twelve counties"</a>. This tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of a Brooklyn identity. </p><p>Lacking the <a href="/wiki/Patroon" title="Patroon">patroon</a> and tenant farmer system established along the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson River Valley</a>, this <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a> county unusually came to have one of the highest percentages of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the colonial United States">slaves</a> among the population in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">"Original Thirteen Colonies"</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> eastern coast of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolutionary_War">Revolutionary War</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Battle of Long Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle-of-Long-Island-Map-sml.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Battle-of-Long-Island-Map-sml.jpg/250px-Battle-of-Long-Island-Map-sml.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Battle-of-Long-Island-Map-sml.jpg/375px-Battle-of-Long-Island-Map-sml.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Battle-of-Long-Island-Map-sml.jpg/500px-Battle-of-Long-Island-Map-sml.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Battle of Long Island</a> was fought across Kings County.</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 27, 1776, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Battle of Long Island</a> (also known as the 'Battle of Brooklyn') was fought, the first major engagement fought in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> after <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">independence was declared</a>, and the largest of the entire conflict. <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British troops</a> forced <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> troops under <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> off the heights near the modern sites of <a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza" title="Grand Army Plaza">Grand Army Plaza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough,_David_2005_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough,_David_2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a>, viewing particularly fierce fighting at the <a href="/wiki/Gowanus_Canal" title="Gowanus Canal">Gowanus Creek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_House_(Brooklyn)" title="Old Stone House (Brooklyn)">Old Stone House</a> from atop a hill near the west end of present-day <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Avenue_(Brooklyn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Avenue (Brooklyn)">Atlantic Avenue</a>, was reported to have emotionally exclaimed: "What brave men I must this day lose!".<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough,_David_2005_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough,_David_2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortified</a> American positions at <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn">Brooklyn Heights</a> consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, leaving the British in control of <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>. While Washington's defeat on the battlefield cast early doubts on his ability as the commander, the <a href="/wiki/Tactical_withdrawal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical withdrawal">tactical withdrawal</a> of all his troops and supplies across the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> in a single night is now seen by historians as one of his most brilliant triumphs.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough,_David_2005_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough,_David_2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British controlled the surrounding region for the duration of the war, as New York City was soon occupied and became their military and political base of operations in <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">North America</a> for the remainder of the conflict. The <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriot</a> residents largely fled or were cleared from the area, and afterward the British generally enjoyed a dominant <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalist</a> sentiment from the residents in Kings County who did not evacuate, though the region was also the center of the fledgling—and largely successful—<a href="/wiki/Intelligence_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War">Patriot intelligence network</a>, headed by Washington himself. </p><p>The British set up a system of <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War">prison ships</a> off the coast of Brooklyn in <a href="/wiki/Wallabout_Bay" title="Wallabout Bay">Wallabout Bay</a>. More American <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a> died there than <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">in combat</a> on all the battlefield engagements of the American Revolutionary War combined. One result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1783 was the <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">evacuation of the British from New York City</a>, which was celebrated by New Yorkers into the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_era">Post-independence era</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Guy_-_Winter_Scene_in_Brooklyn_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Francis_Guy_-_Winter_Scene_in_Brooklyn_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Francis_Guy_-_Winter_Scene_in_Brooklyn_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Francis_Guy_-_Winter_Scene_in_Brooklyn_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/375px-Francis_Guy_-_Winter_Scene_in_Brooklyn_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Francis_Guy_-_Winter_Scene_in_Brooklyn_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Francis_Guy_-_Winter_Scene_in_Brooklyn_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4001" data-file-height="3204" /></a><figcaption><i>Winter Scene in Brooklyn</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1819–20</span>, by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Guy" title="Francis Guy">Francis Guy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first half of the 19th century saw the beginning of the development of urban areas on the economically strategic East River shore of Kings County, facing the adolescent City of New York confined to Manhattan Island. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Naval_Shipyard" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Naval Shipyard">New York Navy Yard</a> operated in <a href="/wiki/Wallabout_Bay" title="Wallabout Bay">Wallabout Bay</a> (border between Fort Greene and Williamsburg) during the 19th century and two-thirds of the 20th century. </p><p>The first center of <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1816. Reliable steam <a href="/wiki/List_of_ferries_across_the_East_River" title="List of ferries across the East River">ferry service</a> across the East River to <a href="/wiki/Fulton_Ferry,_Brooklyn" title="Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn">Fulton Landing</a> converted <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn">Brooklyn Heights</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter town</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became <a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_(Brooklyn)" title="Fulton Street (Brooklyn)">Fulton Street</a> to <a href="/wiki/East_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="East New York">East New York</a>. Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. </p><p>In a parallel development, the Town of Bushwick, farther up the river, saw the incorporation of the Village of <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburgh</a> in 1827, which separated as the Town of Williamsburgh in 1840 and formed the short-lived City of Williamsburgh in 1851. <a href="/wiki/Industrial_deconcentration" title="Industrial deconcentration">Industrial deconcentration</a> in the mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the northern part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems. </p><p>However, the East River shore was growing too fast for the three-year-old infant City of Williamsburg; it, along with its Town of <a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Bushwick</a> hinterland, was subsumed within a greater City of Brooklyn in 1855, subsequently dropping the 'h' from its name.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1841, with the appearance of <i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Eagle" title="Brooklyn Eagle">The Brooklyn Eagle, and Kings County Democrat</a></i> published by Alfred G. Stevens, the growing city across the East River from Manhattan was producing its own prominent newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19, 1842,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the paper was renamed <i>The Brooklyn Daily Eagle and Kings County Democrat</i> on June 1, 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 14, 1849, the name was shortened to <i>The Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on September 5, 1938, it was further shortened to <i>Brooklyn Eagle</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of the paper in the 1840s helped develop a separate identity for Brooklynites over the next century. The borough's soon-to-be-famous <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> baseball team, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers" title="Brooklyn Dodgers">Brooklyn Dodgers</a>, also assisted with this. Both major institutions were lost in the 1950s: the paper closed in 1955 after unsuccessful attempts at a sale following a reporters' strike, and the baseball team decamped for Los Angeles in a realignment of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> in 1957. </p><p>Agitation against <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a> was stronger in Brooklyn than in New York,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and under Republican leadership, the city was fervent in the Union cause in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. After the war the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher_Monument" title="Henry Ward Beecher Monument">Henry Ward Beecher Monument</a> was built downtown to honor a famous local <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a>. A great victory arch was built at what was then the south end of town to celebrate the armed forces; this place is now called <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza" title="Grand Army Plaza">Grand Army Plaza</a>. </p><p>The number of people living in Brooklyn grew rapidly early in the 19th century. There were 4,402 by 1810, 7,175 in 1820 and 15,396 by 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's population was 25,000 in 1834, but the police department comprised only 12 men on the day shift and another 12 on the night shift. Every time a rash of burglaries broke out, officials blamed burglars from New York City. Finally, in 1855, a modern police force was created, employing 150 men. Voters complained of inadequate protection and excessive costs. In 1857, the state legislature merged the Brooklyn force with that of New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h4></div> <p>Fervent in the Union cause, the city of Brooklyn played a major role in supplying troops and <a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">materiel</a> for the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The best-known regiment to be sent off to war from the city was the <a href="/wiki/14th_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Brooklyn">14th Brooklyn</a> <i>"Red Legged Devils"</i>. They fought from 1861 to 1864, wore red the entire war, and were the only regiment named after a city. President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> called them into service, making them part of a handful of three-year enlisted soldiers in April 1861. Unlike other regiments during the American Civil War, the 14th wore a uniform inspired by the French <a href="/wiki/Chasseur" title="Chasseur">Chasseurs</a>, a light infantry used for quick assaults. </p><p>As a seaport and a manufacturing center, Brooklyn was well prepared to contribute to the Union's strengths in shipping and manufacturing. The two combined in shipbuilding; the ironclad <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">Monitor</a></i> was built in Brooklyn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twin_city">Twin city</h4></div> <p>Brooklyn is referred to as the twin city of New York in the 1883 poem, "<a href="/wiki/The_New_Colossus" title="The New Colossus">The New Colossus</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a>, which appears on a plaque inside the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>. The poem calls New York Harbor "the air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame". As a twin city to New York, it played a role in national affairs that was later overshadowed by decades of subordination by its old partner and rival. </p><p>During this period, the affluent, contiguous districts of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Clinton Hill, Brooklyn">Clinton Hill</a> (then characterized collectively as The Hill) were home to such notable figures as <a href="/wiki/Astral_Oil_Works" title="Astral Oil Works">Astral Oil Works</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pratt" title="Charles Pratt">Charles Pratt</a> and his children, including local civic leader <a href="/wiki/Charles_Millard_Pratt" title="Charles Millard Pratt">Charles Millard Pratt</a>; <a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a> co-founder <a href="/wiki/William_Quan_Judge" title="William Quan Judge">William Quan Judge</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> co-founders <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pfizer" title="Charles Pfizer">Charles Pfizer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Erhart" title="Charles F. Erhart">Charles F. Erhart</a>. Brooklyn Heights remained one of the New York metropolitan area's most august patrician redoubts into the early 20th century under the aegis of such figures as abolitionist clergyman <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher" title="Henry Ward Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologians</a> <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Abbott" title="Lyman Abbott">Lyman Abbott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newell_Dwight_Hillis" title="Newell Dwight Hillis">Newell Dwight Hillis</a> (who followed Beecher as the second and third pastors of <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Church_(Brooklyn)" title="Plymouth Church (Brooklyn)">Plymouth Church</a>, respectively), financier <a href="/wiki/John_Jay_Pierrepont" title="John Jay Pierrepont">John Jay Pierrepont</a> (a grandson of founding Heights resident <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah_Pierrepont" title="Hezekiah Pierrepont">Hezekiah Pierrepont</a>), banker/art collector <a href="/wiki/David_Leavitt_(banker)" title="David Leavitt (banker)">David Leavitt</a>, educator/politician <a href="/wiki/Seth_Low" title="Seth Low">Seth Low</a>, merchant/banker <a href="/wiki/Horace_Brigham_Claflin" title="Horace Brigham Claflin">Horace Brigham Claflin</a>, attorney <a href="/wiki/William_Cary_Sanger" title="William Cary Sanger">William Cary Sanger</a> (who served for two years as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Assistant Secretary of War">United States Assistant Secretary of War</a> under Presidents <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>) and publisher <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Smith_Barnes" title="Alfred Smith Barnes">Alfred Smith Barnes</a>. Contiguous to the Heights, the less exclusive <a href="/wiki/South_Brooklyn" title="South Brooklyn">South Brooklyn</a> was home to longtime civic leader <a href="/wiki/James_S._T._Stranahan" title="James S. T. Stranahan">James S. T. Stranahan</a>, who became known (often derisively) as the "<a href="/wiki/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann" title="Georges-Eugène Haussmann">Baron Haussmann</a> of Brooklyn" for championing <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a> and other public works. </p><p>Economic growth continued, propelled by <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>, and Brooklyn established itself as the third-most populous American city for much of the 19th century. The waterfront from <a href="/wiki/Gowanus,_Brooklyn" title="Gowanus, Brooklyn">Gowanus</a> to <a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint</a> was developed with piers and factories. Industrial access to the waterfront was improved by the <a href="/wiki/Gowanus_Canal" title="Gowanus Canal">Gowanus Canal</a> and the canalized <a href="/wiki/Newtown_Creek" title="Newtown Creek">Newtown Creek</a>. <a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">USS <i>Monitor</i></a> was the most famous product of the large and growing <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipbuilding industry">shipbuilding industry</a> of Williamsburg. After the <a href="/wiki/US_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="US Civil War">Civil War</a>, trolley lines and other transport brought <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> beyond Prospect Park (completed by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calvert_Vaux" title="Calvert Vaux">Calvert Vaux</a> in 1873 and widely heralded as an improvement upon the earlier <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>) into the center of the county, as evinced by gradual settlement in the comparatively rustic villages of <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Terrace,_Brooklyn" title="Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn">Windsor Terrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Brooklyn" title="Kensington, Brooklyn">Kensington</a> in the Town of Flatbush. By century's end, <a href="/wiki/Dean_Alvord" title="Dean Alvord">Dean Alvord</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_South" title="Prospect Park South">Prospect Park South</a> development (adjacent to the village of Flatbush) would serve as the template for contemporaneous "<a href="/wiki/Victorian_Flatbush" title="Victorian Flatbush">Victorian Flatbush</a>" micro-neighborhoods and the post-consolidation emergence of outlying districts, such as <a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Park, Brooklyn">Marine Park</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_Illinois" title="Oak Park, Illinois">Oak Park, Illinois</a>, it also presaged the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_automobile" title="History of the automobile">automobile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a>-driven vogue for more remote prewar suburban communities, such as <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York" title="Garden City, New York">Garden City, New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair, New Jersey</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Currier_and_Ives_Brooklyn_Bridge2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Currier_and_Ives_Brooklyn_Bridge2.jpg/250px-Currier_and_Ives_Brooklyn_Bridge2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Currier_and_Ives_Brooklyn_Bridge2.jpg/375px-Currier_and_Ives_Brooklyn_Bridge2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Currier_and_Ives_Brooklyn_Bridge2.jpg/500px-Currier_and_Ives_Brooklyn_Bridge2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7948" data-file-height="5707" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a> in 1883, by <a href="/wiki/Currier_and_Ives" title="Currier and Ives">Currier and Ives</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The rapidly growing population needed more water, so the City built centralized waterworks, including the <a href="/wiki/Ridgewood_Reservoir" title="Ridgewood Reservoir">Ridgewood Reservoir</a>. The municipal Police Department, however, was abolished in 1854 in favor of a Metropolitan force covering also New York and Westchester Counties. In 1865 the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Fire_Department" title="Brooklyn Fire Department">Brooklyn Fire Department</a> (BFD) also gave way to the new Metropolitan Fire District. </p><p>Throughout this period the peripheral towns of Kings County, far from Manhattan and even from urban Brooklyn, maintained their rustic independence. The only municipal change seen was the secession of the eastern section of the Town of Flatbush as the Town of New Lots in 1852. The building of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_York_City_Subway" title="History of the New York City Subway">rail links</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/BMT_Brighton_Line" title="BMT Brighton Line">Brighton Beach Line</a> in 1878 heralded the end of this isolation. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Brooklyn" title="Sports in Brooklyn">Sports in Brooklyn</a> became a business. The Brooklyn Bridegrooms played professional baseball at Washington Park in the convenient suburb of <a href="/wiki/Park_Slope,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Slope, Brooklyn">Park Slope</a> and elsewhere. Early in the next century, under their new name of Brooklyn Dodgers, they brought baseball to <a href="/wiki/Ebbets_Field" title="Ebbets Field">Ebbets Field</a>, beyond Prospect Park. Racetracks, <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement parks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beach_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach resort">beach resorts</a> opened in <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a>, and elsewhere in the southern part of the county. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Currier_%26_Ives_Brooklyn2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Currier_%26_Ives_Brooklyn2.jpg/250px-Currier_%26_Ives_Brooklyn2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Currier_%26_Ives_Brooklyn2.jpg/375px-Currier_%26_Ives_Brooklyn2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Currier_%26_Ives_Brooklyn2.jpg/500px-Currier_%26_Ives_Brooklyn2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8635" data-file-height="5927" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Currier_and_Ives" title="Currier and Ives">Currier and Ives</a> print of Brooklyn, 1886</figcaption></figure> <p>Toward the end of the 19th century, the City of Brooklyn experienced its final, explosive growth spurt. Park Slope was rapidly urbanized, with its eastern summit soon emerging as the city's third "Gold Coast" district alongside Brooklyn Heights and The Hill; notable residents of the era included <a href="/wiki/American_Chicle_Company" title="American Chicle Company">American Chicle Company</a> co-founder Thomas Adams Jr. and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a> executive Clinton L. Rossiter. East of The Hill, <a href="/wiki/Bedford-Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn">Bedford-Stuyvesant</a> coalesced as an upper middle class enclave for lawyers, shopkeepers, and merchants of German and Irish descent (notably exemplified by John C. Kelley, a water meter magnate and close friend of President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>), with nearby <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a> gradually fulfilling an analogous role for the city's Jewish population as development continued through the early 20th century. Northeast of Bedford-Stuyvesant, Bushwick (by now a working class, predominantly German district) established a considerable <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">brewery</a> industry; the so-called "Brewer's Row" encompassed 14 breweries operating in a 14-block area in 1890. On the southwestern waterfront of Kings County, railroads and industrialization spread to <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a> (then coterminous with the city's sprawling, sparsely populated Eighth Ward) and adjacent <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a> (hitherto a resort-like subsection of the Town of <a href="/wiki/New_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="New Utrecht">New Utrecht</a>). Within a decade, the city had annexed the Town of <a href="/wiki/New_Lots,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="New Lots, Brooklyn">New Lots</a> in 1886; the Towns of <a href="/wiki/Flatbush,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbush, Brooklyn">Flatbush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a> and New Utrecht in 1894; and the Town of <a href="/wiki/Flatlands,_Brooklyn" title="Flatlands, Brooklyn">Flatlands</a> in 1896. Brooklyn had reached its natural municipal boundaries at the ends of Kings County. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Seth_Low_as_mayor">Seth Low as mayor</h5></div> <p>Low's time in office from 1882 to 1885 was marked by a number of reforms:<sup id="cite_ref-Kurland_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurland-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Secured a degree of "home rule" of the city. Previously, the State Government dictated city policies, hiring, salaries, and other affairs. Low managed to secure an unofficial veto over all Brooklyn bills in the State Assembly.</li> <li>Instituted a number of educational reforms. He was the first to integrate Brooklyn schools. He introduced free textbooks for all students, not just those who had taken a pauper's oath. He instituted a competitive examination for hiring teachers, instead of giving teaching jobs to pay political debts. He set aside $430,000 (equivalent to $13,576,138 in 2023) for the construction of new schools to accommodate 10,000 new students.</li> <li>Introduced Civil Service Code to all city employees, eliminating patronage jobs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a> wanted to enjoy their local beer gardens on the Sabbath, in violation of state "dry" laws and the demands of local puritanical clergy. Low's compromise solution was that saloons could stay open as long as they were orderly. At the first sign of rowdiness, they would be closed.</li> <li>Served as a member of the board of the New York Bridge Company, the company that built the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a>, and led an unsuccessful effort to remove <a href="/wiki/Washington_Roebling" title="Washington Roebling">Washington Roebling</a> as the chief engineer on that project.<sup id="cite_ref-GreatBridge_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreatBridge-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Raised the tax rate from 2.33% of $100 assessed valuation in 1881 to 2.59% in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-Kurland_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurland-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also went after property owners who had not paid back taxes. This increase in city revenue enabled him to reduce the city's debt and increase services. However, raising taxes proved extremely unpopular.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mayors_of_the_City_of_Brooklyn">Mayors of the City of Brooklyn</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_New_York_City" title="List of mayors of New York City">List of mayors of New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_President#Brooklyn_Borough_Presidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough President">Brooklyn borough presidents</a></div> <p>Brooklyn elected a mayor from 1834 until 1898, after which it was consolidated into the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">City of Greater New York</a>, whose own second mayor (1902–1903), Seth Low, had been Mayor of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885. Since 1898, Brooklyn has, in place of a separate mayor, elected a <a href="/wiki/Borough_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough President">Borough President</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Mayors of the City of Brooklyn<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Mayor </th> <th class="unsortable">  </th> <th style="border-left-style:hidden;padding:0.1em 0em">Party </th> <th>Start year </th> <th>End year </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Hall_(Brooklyn)" title="George Hall (Brooklyn)">George Hall</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#008000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> </td> <td>1834 </td> <td>1834 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trotter" title="Jonathan Trotter">Jonathan Trotter</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1835 </td> <td>1836 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Johnson_(mayor)" title="Jeremiah Johnson (mayor)">Jeremiah Johnson</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0C862"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> </td> <td>1837 </td> <td>1838 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_P._Smith" title="Cyrus P. Smith">Cyrus P. Smith</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0C862"> </td> <td>Whig </td> <td>1839 </td> <td>1841 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Murphy" title="Henry C. Murphy">Henry C. Murphy</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1842 </td> <td>1842 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sprague" title="Joseph Sprague">Joseph Sprague</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1843 </td> <td>1844 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Talmage" title="Thomas G. Talmage">Thomas G. Talmage</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1845 </td> <td>1845 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_B._Stryker" title="Francis B. Stryker">Francis B. Stryker</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0C862"> </td> <td>Whig </td> <td>1846 </td> <td>1848 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Copland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Copland (page does not exist)">Edward Copland</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0C862"> </td> <td>Whig </td> <td>1849 </td> <td>1849 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(mayor_of_Brooklyn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Smith (mayor of Brooklyn)">Samuel Smith</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1850 </td> <td>1850 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conklin_Brush" title="Conklin Brush">Conklin Brush</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0C862"> </td> <td>Whig </td> <td>1851 </td> <td>1852 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Lambert" title="Edward A. Lambert">Edward A. Lambert</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1853 </td> <td>1854 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Hall_(Brooklyn)" title="George Hall (Brooklyn)">George Hall</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D99FE8"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Know Nothing Party">Know Nothing</a> </td> <td>1855 </td> <td>1856 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Powell" title="Samuel S. Powell">Samuel S. Powell</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1857 </td> <td>1860 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kalbfleisch" title="Martin Kalbfleisch">Martin Kalbfleisch</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1861 </td> <td>1863 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_M._Wood" title="Alfred M. Wood">Alfred M. Wood</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E81B23"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td>1864 </td> <td>1865 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Booth_(politician)" title="Samuel Booth (politician)">Samuel Booth</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E81B23"> </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>1866 </td> <td>1867 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kalbfleisch" title="Martin Kalbfleisch">Martin Kalbfleisch</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1868 </td> <td>1871 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Powell" title="Samuel S. Powell">Samuel S. Powell</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1872 </td> <td>1873 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hunter" title="John W. Hunter">John W. Hunter</a> </td> <td bgcolor="(#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1874 </td> <td>1875 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Schroeder" title="Frederick A. Schroeder">Frederick A. Schroeder</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E81B23"> </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>1876 </td> <td>1877 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Howell_(Brooklyn_Politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Howell (Brooklyn Politician)">James Howell</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1878 </td> <td>1881 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seth_Low" title="Seth Low">Seth Low</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E81B23"> </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>1882 </td> <td>1885 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Whitney" title="Daniel D. Whitney">Daniel D. Whitney</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1886 </td> <td>1887 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_C._Chapin" title="Alfred C. Chapin">Alfred C. Chapin</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1888 </td> <td>1891 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_A._Boody" title="David A. Boody">David A. Boody</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3333FF"> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1892 </td> <td>1893 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Schieren" title="Charles A. Schieren">Charles A. Schieren</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E81B23"> </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>1894 </td> <td>1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Wurster" title="Frederick W. Wurster">Frederick W. Wurster</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E81B23"> </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>1896 </td> <td>1897 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_City_borough">New York City borough</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1898%E2%80%931945)" title="History of New York City (1898–1945)">History of New York City (1898–1945)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1897_Brooklyn_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1897_Brooklyn_map.jpg/250px-1897_Brooklyn_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1897_Brooklyn_map.jpg/375px-1897_Brooklyn_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1897_Brooklyn_map.jpg/500px-1897_Brooklyn_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4134" data-file-height="3084" /></a><figcaption>Brooklyn in 1897</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1883, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a> was completed, transportation to Manhattan was no longer by water only, and the City of Brooklyn's ties to the City of New York were strengthened. </p><p>The question became whether Brooklyn was prepared to engage in the still-grander process of consolidation then developing throughout the region, whether to join with the county of <a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond County, New York">Richmond</a> and the western portion of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens County</a>, and the county of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">New York</a>, which by then already included <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, to form the five boroughs of a united City of New York. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Haswell_Green" title="Andrew Haswell Green">Andrew Haswell Green</a> and other progressives said yes, and eventually, they prevailed against the <i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Eagle" title="Brooklyn Eagle">Daily Eagle</a></i> and other conservative forces. In 1894, residents of Brooklyn and the other counties voted by a slight majority to merge, effective in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kings County retained its status as one of New York State's counties, but the loss of Brooklyn's separate identity as a city was met with consternation by some residents at the time. Many newspapers of the day called the merger the "Great Mistake of 1898", and the phrase still elicits Brooklyn pride among old-time Brooklynites.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_location_Brooklyn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New_York_City_location_Brooklyn.svg/220px-New_York_City_location_Brooklyn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New_York_City_location_Brooklyn.svg/330px-New_York_City_location_Brooklyn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New_York_City_location_Brooklyn.svg/440px-New_York_City_location_Brooklyn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1978" /></a><figcaption>Location of Brooklyn (red) within New York City (remainder yellow)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NY_Brooklyn_20190925_TM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NY_Brooklyn_20190925_TM.jpg/220px-NY_Brooklyn_20190925_TM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NY_Brooklyn_20190925_TM.jpg/330px-NY_Brooklyn_20190925_TM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NY_Brooklyn_20190925_TM.jpg/440px-NY_Brooklyn_20190925_TM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7409" data-file-height="8874" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> map of Brooklyn (2019)</figcaption></figure> <p>Brooklyn is 97 square miles (250 km<sup>2</sup>) in area, of which 71 square miles (180 km<sup>2</sup>) is land (73%), and 26 square miles (67 km<sup>2</sup>) is water (27%); the borough is the second-largest by land area among the New York City's boroughs. However, Kings County, coterminous with Brooklyn, is New York State's fourth-smallest <a href="/wiki/County_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (New York)">county</a> by land area and third-smallest by total area.<sup id="cite_ref-GR1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brooklyn lies at the southwestern end of Long Island, and the borough's western border constitutes the island's western tip. </p><p>Brooklyn's water borders are extensive and varied, including <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Narrows" title="The Narrows">The Narrows</a>, separating Brooklyn from the borough of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> in New York City and crossed by the <a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a>, separating Brooklyn from <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a>, separating Brooklyn from the borough of Manhattan in New York City and traversed by the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn-Battery_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge" title="Williamsburg Bridge">Williamsburg Bridge</a>, and numerous routes of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>. To the east of Brooklyn lies the borough of Queens, which contains <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> in that borough's <a href="/wiki/Jamaica,_Queens" title="Jamaica, Queens">Jamaica</a> neighborhood, approximately two miles from the border of Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York</a> neighborhood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Brooklyn experiences a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<i>Cfa</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-Peel,_M._C.;_Finlayson,_B._L.;_McMahon,_T._A_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peel,_M._C.;_Finlayson,_B._L.;_McMahon,_T._A-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with partial shielding from the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> and moderating influences from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. Brooklyn receives plentiful precipitation all year round, with nearly 50 in (1,300 mm) yearly. The area averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually, and averages 57% of possible sunshine annually, accumulating 2,535 hours of sunshine per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brooklyn lies in the <a href="/wiki/USDA" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA">USDA</a> <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">plant hardiness zone 7b</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">JFK Airport</a>, New York (normals 1981–2010,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1948–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71<br />(22) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71<br />(22) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75<br />(24) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9<br />(14.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.1<br />(25.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.9<br />(29.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.1<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.7<br />(33.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.4<br />(30.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.0<br />(25.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.1<br />(20.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1<br />(15.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">96.6<br />(35.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.0<br />(9.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.0<br />(15.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.0<br />(25.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.2<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.9<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.3<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.5<br />(18.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(6.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61.6<br />(16.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(−3.2) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(−2.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.8<br />(11.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(−0.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.3<br />(8.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(−12.3) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(−10.3) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(−7.2) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.6<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7<br />(11.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.7<br />(15.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.6<br />(14.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.2<br />(9.6) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(−2.6) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(−8.7) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5<br />(−13.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(−16) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(13) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(4) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(−17) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.16<br />(80) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.59<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.78<br />(96) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.87<br />(98) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.94<br />(100) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.86<br />(98) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.08<br />(104) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.68<br />(93) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.50<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.62<br />(92) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.30<br />(84) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.39<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.77<br />(1,086) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #0000A6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(8.9) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.8<br />(60) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 inch)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">119.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 inch)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.9 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.4 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.4 </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.9 </td> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NWS_Upton,_NY_(OKX)_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWS_Upton,_NY_(OKX)-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_JFK_txt_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_JFK_txt-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_RH_JFK_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_RH_JFK-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Brooklyn, New York City (Avenue V) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.7<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.4<br />(5.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.5<br />(15.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.5<br />(21.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.3<br />(26.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.8<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.3<br />(28.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.5<br />(6.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.5<br />(16.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(−2.5) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(−1.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.8<br />(7.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.0<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.3<br />(21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.9<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.2<br />(10.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.5<br />(9.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.53<br />(90) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.97<br />(75) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.37<br />(111) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.85<br />(98) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.03<br />(102) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.44<br />(113) </td> <td style="background: #47FF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.85<br />(123) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.92<br />(100) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.92<br />(100) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.02<br />(102) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.23<br />(82) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.00<br />(102) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.13<br />(1,197) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #000096; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(22) </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.5<br />(62) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boroughscape">Boroughscape</h3></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;direction:rtl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Skyline_(9910358874).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="‪ The Downtown Brooklyn skyline, the Manhattan Bridge (far left), and the Brooklyn Bridge (near left) are seen across the East River from Lower Manhattan at sunset in 2013. ‬"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brooklyn_Skyline_%289910358874%29.jpg/1200px-Brooklyn_Skyline_%289910358874%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brooklyn_Skyline_%289910358874%29.jpg/1800px-Brooklyn_Skyline_%289910358874%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brooklyn_Skyline_%289910358874%29.jpg/2400px-Brooklyn_Skyline_%289910358874%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8894" data-file-height="1793" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Skyline_(9910358874).jpg" title="File:Brooklyn Skyline (9910358874).jpg"> </a></div><div align="center">The <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> skyline, the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan Bridge</a> (far left), and the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a> (near left) are seen across the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> at sunset in 2013.</div></div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the Brooklyn skyline from the Gowanus Canal in 2021"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Union_Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_2.jpg/700px-Union_Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Union_Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_2.jpg/1050px-Union_Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Union_Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_2.jpg/1400px-Union_Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13580" data-file-height="5820" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Street_Gowanus_New_York_October_2021_panorama_2.jpg" title="File:Union Street Gowanus New York October 2021 panorama 2.jpg"> </a></div>View of the Brooklyn skyline from the <a href="/wiki/Gowanus_Canal" title="Gowanus Canal">Gowanus Canal</a> in 2021</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Brooklyn_neighborhoods" title="List of Brooklyn neighborhoods">List of Brooklyn neighborhoods</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">New York City ethnic enclaves</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpoint_Houses.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Greenpoint_Houses.JPG/250px-Greenpoint_Houses.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Greenpoint_Houses.JPG/375px-Greenpoint_Houses.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Greenpoint_Houses.JPG/500px-Greenpoint_Houses.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Landmark 19th-century rowhouses on tree-lined Kent Street, in <a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint Historic District</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_Slope_Houses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Park_Slope_Houses.jpg/220px-Park_Slope_Houses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Park_Slope_Houses.jpg/330px-Park_Slope_Houses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Park_Slope_Houses.jpg/440px-Park_Slope_Houses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Park_Slope,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Slope, Brooklyn">Park Slope</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willow_Street_Brooklyn_Heights_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Willow_Street_Brooklyn_Heights_2006.jpg/220px-Willow_Street_Brooklyn_Heights_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Willow_Street_Brooklyn_Heights_2006.jpg/330px-Willow_Street_Brooklyn_Heights_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Willow_Street_Brooklyn_Heights_2006.jpg/440px-Willow_Street_Brooklyn_Heights_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>150–159 Willow Street, three original red-brick early 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal Style</a> houses in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights" title="Brooklyn Heights">Brooklyn Heights</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Brooklyn's neighborhoods are dynamic in ethnic composition. For example, the early to mid-20th century, <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Brooklyn" title="Brownsville, Brooklyn">Brownsville</a> had a majority of <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in New York City">Jewish</a> residents; since the 1970s it has been majority African American. <a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwood</a> during the early 20th century was filled with ethnic <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a>, then filled with Jewish residents for nearly 50 years, and is slowly becoming a <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani</a> enclave. Brooklyn's most populous racial group, white, declined from 97.2% in 1930 to 46.9% by 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson2005_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson2005-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The borough attracts people previously living in other cities in the United States. Of these, most come from <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-US_Census_Bureau,_California,_racial_breakdown_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_California,_racial_breakdown-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_diversity">Community diversity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imatra_Society%27s_summer_festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Imatra_Society%27s_summer_festival.jpg/220px-Imatra_Society%27s_summer_festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Imatra_Society%27s_summer_festival.jpg/330px-Imatra_Society%27s_summer_festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Imatra_Society%27s_summer_festival.jpg/440px-Imatra_Society%27s_summer_festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Imatra_Society" title="Imatra Society">Imatra Society</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish immigrants</a>, celebrating its summer festival in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton" title="Fort Hamilton">Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn</a>, in 1894</figcaption></figure> <p>Given New York City's role as a crossroads for immigration from around the world, Brooklyn has evolved a globally <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a> ambiance of its own, demonstrating a robust and growing demographic and cultural diversity with respect to metrics including nationality, religion, race, and <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">domiciliary partnership</a>. In 2010, 51.6% of the population was counted as members of religious congregations.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, there were 914 religious organizations in Brooklyn, the 10th most of all counties in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brooklyn contains dozens of distinct neighborhoods representing many of the major culturally identified groups found within New York City. Among the most prominent are listed below: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jewish_American">Jewish American</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn.jpg/220px-Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn.jpg/330px-Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn.jpg/440px-Hasidic_Family_in_Street_-_Borough_Park_-_Hasidic_District_-_Brooklyn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2707" data-file-height="2378" /></a><figcaption>The world's largest metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic Jewish</a> community resides in Brooklyn.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in New York City">Jews in New York City</a></div> <p>Over 600,000 <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic Jews</a>, have become concentrated in such historically Jewish areas as <a href="/wiki/Borough_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Borough Park, Brooklyn">Borough Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwood</a>, where there are many <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a> restaurants, as well as a variety of Jewish businesses. Adjacent to Borough Park, the <a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Brooklyn" title="Kensington, Brooklyn">Kensington</a> area housed a significant population of <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Jews</a> (under the aegis of such nationally prominent midcentury rabbis as <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bosniak" title="Jacob Bosniak">Jacob Bosniak</a> and Abraham Heller)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when it was still considered to be a subsection of Flatbush; many of their defunct facilities have been repurposed to serve extensions of the Borough Park Hasidic community. Other notable religious Jewish neighborhoods with a longstanding cultural lineage include <a href="/wiki/Canarsie,_Brooklyn" title="Canarsie, Brooklyn">Canarsie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_Gate,_Brooklyn" title="Sea Gate, Brooklyn">Sea Gate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> world headquarters. Neighborhoods with largely defunct yet historically notable Jewish populations include central Flatbush, East Flatbush, Brownsville, East New York, Bensonhurst and Sheepshead Bay (particularly its Madison subsection). Many hospitals in Brooklyn were started by Jewish charities, including <a href="/wiki/Maimonides_Medical_Center" title="Maimonides Medical Center">Maimonides Medical Center</a> in Borough Park and Brookdale Hospital in East Flatbush.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the American Jewish Population Project in 2020, Brooklyn was home to over 480,000 Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/UJA-Federation_of_New_York" title="UJA-Federation of New York">UJA-Federation of New York</a> estimated that Brooklyn is home to 462,000 Jews, a large decrease compared to the 561,000 estimated in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The predominantly Jewish, Crown Heights (and later East Flatbush)-based Madison Democratic Club served as the borough's primary "clubhouse" political venue for decades until the ascendancy of <a href="/wiki/Meade_Esposito" title="Meade Esposito">Meade Esposito</a>'s rival, Canarsie-based Thomas Jefferson Democratic Club in the 1960s and 1970s, playing an integral role in the rise of such figures as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_York_State_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the New York State Assembly">Speaker of the New York State Assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Steingut" title="Irwin Steingut">Irwin Steingut</a>; his son, fellow Speaker <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Steingut" title="Stanley Steingut">Stanley Steingut</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Mayor">New York City Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Beame" title="Abraham Beame">Abraham Beame</a>; real estate developer <a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a>; Democratic district leader Beadie Markowitz; and political fixer Abraham "Bunny" Lindenbaum. </p><p>Many non-Orthodox Jews (ranging from observant members of various denominations to <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheists</a> of Jewish cultural heritage) are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Ditmas_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Ditmas Park, Brooklyn">Ditmas Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Park_Slope,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Slope, Brooklyn">Park Slope</a>, with smaller observant and culturally Jewish populations in Brooklyn Heights, Cobble Hill, Brighton Beach, and Coney Island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chinese_American">Chinese American</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Chinatown.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Brooklyn_Chinatown.png/220px-Brooklyn_Chinatown.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Brooklyn_Chinatown.png/330px-Brooklyn_Chinatown.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Brooklyn_Chinatown.png/440px-Brooklyn_Chinatown.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Brooklyn)#Chinatown" title="Eighth Avenue (Brooklyn)">8th Avenue</a> in Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a> Chinatown</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Brooklyn" title="Chinatowns in Brooklyn">Chinatowns in Brooklyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese people in New York City">Chinese people in New York City</a></div> <p>Over 200,000 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese people in New York City">Chinese Americans</a> live throughout the southern parts of Brooklyn, primarily concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst,_Brooklyn" title="Bensonhurst, Brooklyn">Bensonhurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Homecrest,_Brooklyn" title="Homecrest, Brooklyn">Homecrest</a>. Brooklyn is the borough that is home to the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Chinatowns_in_the_Americas#New_York_City" title="Chinatowns in the Americas">Chinatowns in New York City</a>. The largest concentration is in Sunset Park along 8th Avenue, which has become known for its <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Chinese culture</a> since the opening of the now-defunct Winley Supermarket in 1986 spurred widespread settlement in the area. It is called <a href="/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Brooklyn" title="Chinatowns in Brooklyn">"Brooklyn's Chinatown"</a> and originally it was a small Chinese enclave with <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> speakers being the main <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> population during the late 1980s and 1990s, but since the 2000s, the Chinese population in the area dramatically shifted to majority <a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans" title="Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhounese Americans</a>, which contributed immensely to expanding this Chinatown, and bestowing the nicknames "<a href="/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Brooklyn#Fuzhou_Town,_Brooklyn" title="Chinatowns in Brooklyn">Fuzhou Town</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">福州埠</span></span>), Brooklyn" or the "<a href="/wiki/Little_Fuzhou" title="Little Fuzhou">Little Fuzhou</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">小福州</span></span>)" of Brooklyn. Many <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese restaurants</a> can be found throughout Sunset Park, and the area hosts a popular <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> celebration. Since the 2000s going forward, the growing concentration of the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> speaking population in Brooklyn have dramatically shifted to Bensonhurst/Gravesend and Homecrest creating newer Chinatowns of Brooklyn and these newer Brooklyn Chinatowns are known as "Brooklyn's Little Hong Kong/Guangdong" due to their Chinese populations being overwhelmingly Cantonese populated.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caribbean_and_African_American">Caribbean and African American</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_immigration_to_New_York_City" title="Caribbean immigration to New York City">Caribbean immigration to New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Indian_Day_Parade_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/West_Indian_Day_Parade_2008.jpg/220px-West_Indian_Day_Parade_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/West_Indian_Day_Parade_2008.jpg/330px-West_Indian_Day_Parade_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/West_Indian_Day_Parade_2008.jpg/440px-West_Indian_Day_Parade_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Day_Parade" title="West Indian Day Parade">West Indian Day Parade</a> marching by the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_people" title="Caribbean people">Caribbean</a> communities are spread throughout much of Brooklyn. Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/West_Indian" title="West Indian">West Indian</a> community is concentrated in the Crown Heights, Flatbush, <a href="/wiki/East_Flatbush,_Brooklyn" title="East Flatbush, Brooklyn">East Flatbush</a>, Kensington, and Canarsie neighborhoods in central Brooklyn. Brooklyn is home to the largest community of West Indians outside of the Caribbean. Although the largest West Indian groups in Brooklyn are <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaican American">Jamaicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Americans" title="Guyanese Americans">Guyanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitians</a>, there are <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">West Indian immigrants</a> from nearly every part of the Caribbean. Crown Heights and Flatbush are home to many of Brooklyn's West Indian restaurants and bakeries. Brooklyn has an annual, celebrated Carnival in the tradition of pre-Lenten celebrations in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Started by natives of <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Day_Parade" title="West Indian Day Parade">West Indian Labor Day Parade</a> takes place every Labor Day on <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Parkway" title="Eastern Parkway">Eastern Parkway</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a> also holds the <a href="/wiki/DanceAfrica" title="DanceAfrica">DanceAfrica</a> festival in late May, featuring street vendors and dance performances showcasing food and culture from all parts of Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the opening of the <a href="/wiki/IND_Fulton_Street_Line" title="IND Fulton Street Line">IND Fulton Street Line</a> in 1936, <a href="/wiki/Bedford-Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn">Bedford-Stuyvesant</a> has been home to one of the most famous African American communities in the United States. Working-class communities remain prevalent in <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Brooklyn" title="Brownsville, Brooklyn">Brownsville</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Coney Island, Brooklyn">Coney Island</a>, while remnants of similar communities in <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Prospect Heights, Brooklyn">Prospect Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Clinton Hill, Brooklyn">Clinton Hill</a> have endured amid widespread gentrification. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hispanic_American">Hispanic American</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_New_York_City" title="Puerto Ricans in New York City">Puerto Ricans in New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuyorican" title="Nuyorican">Nuyorican</a></div> <p>In the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> initiatives that decimated longtime Manhattan enclaves (most notably on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a>), Puerto Rican migrants began to settle in such waterfront industrial neighborhoods as <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gowanus,_Brooklyn" title="Gowanus, Brooklyn">Gowanus</a>, near the shipyards and factories where they worked. The borough's Hispanic population diversified after the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Hart-Cellar_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart-Cellar Act">Hart-Cellar Act</a> loosened restrictions on immigration from elsewhere in Latin America. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Bushwick</a> has since emerged as the largest hub of Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic American</a> community. Like other Hispanic neighborhoods in New York City, Bushwick has an established <a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> presence, along with an influx of many <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexicans</a>. As nearly 80% of Bushwick's population is Hispanic, its residents have created many businesses to support their various national and distinct traditions in food and other items. Sunset Park's population is 42% Hispanic, made up of these various ethnic groups. Brooklyn's main Hispanic groups are Puerto Ricans, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexicans</a>, Dominicans and <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorians</a>; they are spread out throughout the borough. Puerto Ricans and Dominicans are predominant in Bushwick, <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a>'s South Side and East New York. Mexicans (especially from the state of <a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a>) now predominate alongside Chinese immigrants in Sunset Park, although remnants of the neighborhood's once-substantial postwar Puerto Rican and Dominican communities continue to reside below 39th Street. Save for <a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a> (which remained roughly one-fifth Hispanic American as of the 2010 Census), the South Side and Sunset Park, similar postwar communities in other waterfront neighborhoods—including western Park Slope, the north end of Greenpoint,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Boerum_Hill" title="Boerum Hill">Boerum Hill</a>, long considered the northern subsection of Gowanus—largely disappeared by the turn of the century due to various factors, including deindustrialization, ensuing gentrification and suburbanization among more affluent Dominicans and Puerto Ricans. A Panamanian enclave exists in <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_and_Ukrainian_American">Russian and Ukrainian American</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="Russian Americans in New York City">Russian Americans in New York City</a></div> <p>Brooklyn is also home to many <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a>, who are mainly concentrated in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton Beach, Brooklyn">Brighton Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay,_Brooklyn" title="Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn">Sheepshead Bay</a>. Brighton Beach features many Russian and Ukrainian businesses and has been nicknamed <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans_in_New_York_City#Russiantownscape" title="Russian Americans in New York City">Little Russia</a></i> and <i>Little <a href="/wiki/Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa">Odessa</a></i>, respectively. In the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Jewry_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Jewry Movement">Soviet Jews won the right to immigrate</a>, and many ended up in Brighton Beach. In recent years, the non-Jewish Russian and Ukrainian communities of Brighton Beach have grown, and the area is now home to a diverse collection of immigrants from across the <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet States">former USSR</a>. Smaller concentrations of Russian and Ukrainian Americans are scattered elsewhere in south Brooklyn, including Bay Ridge, Bensonhurst, Homecrest, Coney Island, and <a href="/wiki/Mill_Basin,_Brooklyn" title="Mill Basin, Brooklyn">Mill Basin</a>. A growing community of <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek Americans</a> have settled alongside them in recent years due to their ability to speak <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Polish_American">Polish American</h4></div> <p>Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/Polish-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Americans">Polish</a> inhabitants are historically concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/Little_Poland,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Poland, Brooklyn">Little Poland</a>. Other longstanding settlements in <a href="/wiki/Borough_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Borough Park, Brooklyn">Borough Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a> have endured, while more recent immigrants are scattered throughout the southern parts of Brooklyn alongside the Russian and Ukrainian American communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italian_American">Italian American</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italians_in_New_York_City" title="Italians in New York City">Italians in New York City</a></div> <p>Despite widespread migration to <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> and more suburban areas in metropolitan New York throughout the postwar era, notable concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> continue to reside in the neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Bensonhurst">Bensonhurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dyker_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Dyker Heights, Brooklyn">Dyker Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bath_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Bath Beach, Brooklyn">Bath Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a>. Less perceptible remnants of older communities have persisted in <a href="/wiki/Cobble_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Cobble Hill, Brooklyn">Cobble Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carroll_Gardens,_Brooklyn" title="Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn">Carroll Gardens</a>, where the homes of the remaining Italian Americans can often be contrasted with more recent <a href="/wiki/Upper_middle_class" title="Upper middle class">upper middle class</a> residents through the display of small <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(art)" title="Madonna (art)">Madonna</a> statues, the retention of plastic-metal stoop awnings and the use of <a href="/wiki/Formstone" title="Formstone">Formstone</a> in house cladding. All of the aforementioned neighborhoods have retained Italian restaurants, bakeries, delicatessens, pizzerias, cafes and social clubs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arab_American_&_Muslim"><span id="Arab_American_.26_Muslim"></span>Arab American & Muslim</h4></div> <p>In the early 20th century, many <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Lebanon" title="Christianity in Lebanon">Lebanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Syria" title="Christianity in Syria">Syrian Christians</a> settled around <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Avenue_(New_York_City)" title="Atlantic Avenue (New York City)">Atlantic Avenue</a> west of <a href="/wiki/Flatbush_Avenue" title="Flatbush Avenue">Flatbush Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boerum_Hill" title="Boerum Hill">Boerum Hill</a>; more recently, this area has evolved into a Yemeni commercial district. More recent, predominantly <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab immigrants</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a>, have moved into the southwest portion of Brooklyn, particularly to <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a>, where many Middle Eastern restaurants, hookah lounges, halal grocers, Islamic shops and mosques line the commercial thoroughfares of Fifth and Third Avenues below 86th Street. Brighton Beach is home to a growing <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani American</a> community, while Midwood is home to <i>Little <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></i> along <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Avenue" title="Coney Island Avenue">Coney Island Avenue</a> (recently co-named <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> Way). Pakistani Independence Day is celebrated every year with parades and parties on Coney Island Avenue. Just to the north, Kensington is one of New York's several emerging <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi</a> enclaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Irish_American">Irish American</h4></div> <p>Third-, fourth- and fifth-generation <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a> can be found throughout Brooklyn, with moderate concentrations<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="vague (January 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> enduring in the neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Terrace,_Brooklyn" title="Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn">Windsor Terrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Park_Slope,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Slope, Brooklyn">Park Slope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Park, Brooklyn">Marine Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerritsen_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn">Gerritsen Beach</a>. Historical communities also existed in <a href="/wiki/Vinegar_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn">Vinegar Hill</a> and other waterfront industrial neighborhoods, such as Greenpoint and Sunset Park. Paralleling the Italian American community, many moved to Staten Island and suburban areas in the postwar era. Those that stayed engendered close-knit, stable working-to-middle class communities through employment in the civil service (especially in law enforcement, transportation, and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a>) and the building and construction trades, while others were subsumed by the <a href="/wiki/Professional-managerial_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional-managerial class">professional-managerial class</a> and largely shed the Irish American community's distinct cultural traditions (including continued worship in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and other social activities, such as <a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance" title="Irish stepdance">Irish stepdance</a> and frequenting Irish American bars).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Asian_American">South Asian American</h4></div> <p>While not as extensive as the <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area#New_York_City_boroughs" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">Indian American</a> population in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Temple_Society_of_North_America" title="Hindu Temple Society of North America">Queens</a>, younger professionals of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Indian</a> origin are finding Brooklyn to be a convenient alternative to Manhattan to find housing. Nearly 30,000 Indian Americans call Brooklyn home.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Brighton Beach is home to a growing <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani American</a> community, while Midwood is home to <a href="/wiki/Little_Pakistan" title="Little Pakistan">Little Pakistan</a> along <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Avenue" title="Coney Island Avenue">Coney Island Avenue</a> recently renamed <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> way. <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Independence Day">Pakistan Independence Day</a> is celebrated every year with parades and parties on Coney Island Avenue. Just to the north, <a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Brooklyn" title="Kensington, Brooklyn">Kensington</a> is one of New York's several emerging <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi">Bangladeshi</a> enclaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greek_American">Greek American</h4></div> <p>Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek Americans</a> live throughout the borough. A historical concentration has endured in Bay Ridge and adjacent areas, where there is a noticeable cluster of Hellenic-focused schools, businesses and cultural institutions. Other businesses are situated in Downtown Brooklyn near Atlantic Avenue. As in much of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, Greek-owned diners are found throughout the borough. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBTQ_community">LGBTQ community</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City#Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in New York City">LGBT culture in New York City § Brooklyn</a></div> <p>Brooklyn is home to a large and growing number of same-sex couples. <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_York" title="Same-sex marriage in New York">Same-sex marriages in New York</a> were legalized on June 24, 2011, and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Park_Slope,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Slope, Brooklyn">Park Slope</a> neighborhood spearheaded the popularity of Brooklyn among lesbians, and <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Prospect Heights, Brooklyn">Prospect Heights</a> has an LGBT residential presence.<sup id="cite_ref-RosenbergDunfordp379_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RosenbergDunfordp379-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous neighborhoods have since become home to LGBT communities. Brooklyn Liberation March, the largest <a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">transgender-rights</a> demonstration in LGBTQ history, took place on June 14, 2020, stretching from <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza" title="Grand Army Plaza">Grand Army Plaza</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene</a>, focused on supporting Black transgender lives, drawing an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 participants.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artists-in-residence">Artists-in-residence</h4></div> <p>Brooklyn became a preferred site for artists and <a href="/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)" title="Hipster (contemporary subculture)">hipsters</a> to set up live/work spaces after being priced out of the same types of living arrangements in Manhattan. Various neighborhoods in Brooklyn, including Williamsburg, <a href="/wiki/Dumbo,_Brooklyn" title="Dumbo, Brooklyn">DUMBO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a>, and Park Slope evolved as popular neighborhoods for <a href="/wiki/Artists-in-residence" class="mw-redirect" title="Artists-in-residence">artists-in-residence</a>. However, rents and costs of living have since increased dramatically in these same neighborhoods, forcing artists to move to somewhat less expensive neighborhoods in Brooklyn or across Upper New York Bay to locales in New Jersey, such as <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Brooklyn" title="Demographics of Brooklyn">Demographics of Brooklyn</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1731</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,150</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1756</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,707</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1771</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,623</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1786</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,966</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">4,549</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,740</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,303</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+44.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,187</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+34.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,535</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+83.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">47,613</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+131.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">138,822</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+191.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">279,122</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+101.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">419,921</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+50.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">599,495</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+42.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">838,547</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+39.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,166,582</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,634,351</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+40.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,018,356</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,560,401</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,698,285</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,738,175</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,627,319</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,602,012</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,230,936</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−14.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,300,664</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,465,326</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,504,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,736,074</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:center">1731–1786<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1790–1960<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1900–1990<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1990–2000<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010<sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynQuickFacts_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynQuickFacts-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusMap_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusMap-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Source: <div style="text-align: center;">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="float:center; text-align:right; font-size:85%; margin:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background-color:tan;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header">New York City's <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">five boroughs</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NYC_boroughs" title="Template:NYC boroughs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NYC_boroughs" title="Template talk:NYC boroughs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NYC_boroughs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NYC boroughs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#dedebb;"> <th colspan="2" style="background: transparent">Jurisdiction </th> <th style="background: transparent">Population </th> <th colspan="2" style="background: transparent">Land area </th> <th colspan="2" style="background: transparent">Density of population </th> <th style="background: transparent"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#efefcc; font-style: italic"> <th style="font-weight:normal; background: transparent">Borough</th> <th style="font-weight:normal; background: transparent">County</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">Census<br /> (2020)</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">square<br /> miles</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">square<br />km</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">people/<br />sq. mile</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">people/<br />sq. km</th> <th style="font-weight:normal; background: transparent">billions<br />(2022 US$) <sup>2</sup> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="ee5555"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Bronx</div> </td> <td>1,472,654 </td> <td>42.2 </td> <td>109.2 </td> <td>34,920 </td> <td>13,482 </td> <td>51.574 </td></tr> <tr style="background:lemonchiffon;"> <td bgcolor="crimson"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brooklyn</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="ffee88"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <b>Kings</b></div> </td> <td><b>2,736,074</b> </td> <td><b>69.4</b> </td> <td><b>179.7</b> </td> <td><b>39,438</b> </td> <td><b>15,227</b> </td> <td><b>125.867</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="lightgreen"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> New York</div> </td> <td>1,694,251 </td> <td>22.7 </td> <td>58.7 </td> <td>74,781 </td> <td>28,872 </td> <td>885.652 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="orange"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Queens</div> </td> <td>2,405,464 </td> <td>108.7 </td> <td>281.6 </td> <td>22,125 </td> <td>8,542 </td> <td>122.288 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="plum"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Richmond</div> </td> <td>495,747 </td> <td>57.5 </td> <td>149.0 </td> <td>8,618 </td> <td>3,327 </td> <td>21.103 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ddd;" class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">City of New York</a></b></div></td> <td><b>8,804,190</b></td> <td><b>300.5</b></td> <td><b>778.2</b></td> <td><b>29,303</b></td> <td><b>11,314</b></td> <td><b>1,206.484</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc;" class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">State of New York</a></div></td> <td>20,201,249</td> <td>47,123.6</td> <td>122,049.5</td> <td>429</td> <td>166</td> <td>2,163.209 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="9" align="center"><b>Sources</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and see individual borough articles. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2010<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1990<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson2005_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson2005-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1950<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson2005_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson2005-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1900<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson2005_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson2005-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td> <td>37.6%</td> <td>42.8%</td> <td>46.9%</td> <td>92.2%</td> <td>98.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span>—Non-Hispanic</td> <td>35.4%</td> <td>35.7%</td> <td>40.1%</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a></td> <td>26.7%</td> <td>34.3%</td> <td>37.9%</td> <td>7.6%</td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race)</td> <td>18.9%</td> <td>19.8%</td> <td>20.1%</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>13.6%</td> <td>10.5%</td> <td>4.8%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a></td> <td>8.7%</td> <td>3.0%</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>n/a </td></tr></tbody></table><p> At the 2020 census, 2,736,074 people lived in Brooklyn. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> had estimated Brooklyn's population increased by 2.2% to 2,559,903 between 2010 and 2019. Brooklyn's estimated population represented 30.7% of New York City's estimated population of 8,336,817; 33.5% of Long Island's population of 7,701,172; and 13.2% of New York State's population of 19,542,209.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the government of New York City projected Brooklyn's population at 2,648,403.<sup id="cite_ref-NYC_Open_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYC_Open-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2019 census estimates determined there were 958,567 households with an average of 2.66 persons per household.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 1,065,399 housing units in 2019 and a median gross rent of $1,426. Citing growth, Brooklyn gained 9,696 building permits at the 2019 census estimates program.</p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Brooklyn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ethnic_Origins_in_Brooklyn.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Brooklyn.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ethnic_Origins_in_Brooklyn.png/495px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Brooklyn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ethnic_Origins_in_Brooklyn.png/660px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Brooklyn.png 2x" data-file-width="5430" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Brooklyn</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ancestry in Brooklyn Borough (2014–2018)<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The citation is not specific enough to facilitate source verification (August 2021)">not specific enough to verify</span></a></i>]</sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Origin</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> (Does not include West Indian or African)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:16.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indian American">West Indian American</a> (Except Hispanic Groups)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightblue; width:11.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">11.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian American">East Asian American</a> (Includes Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, etc.)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:8.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English American</a> (*Includes <a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">"American" ancestry</a>)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:7.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.6%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican American">Puerto Rican American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkred; width:5.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightgreen; width:4.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Russian and Eastern European (Includes Russian, Ukrainian, Soviet Union, etc.)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:4.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Central European (Includes Slovakian, Slovenian, Slavic, Czech, etc.) </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:4.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:4.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:pink; width:3.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican American">Dominican American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightred; width:3.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:2.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian American">South Asian American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkblue; width:2.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/South_American" class="mw-redirect" title="South American">South American</a> (Includes Peruvian, Ecuadorian, Argentinian, etc.)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:white; width:2.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American">Central American</a> (Includes Honduran, Salvadoran, Costa Rican, etc.)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:1.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:14.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.7%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div><p>The 2020 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> estimated the racial and ethnic makeup of Brooklyn was 35.4% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic white</a>, 26.7% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black or African American</a>, 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian or Alaska Native</a>, 13.6% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander</a>, 4.1% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a>, and 18.9% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latin American</a> of any race.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 United States census</a>, Brooklyn's population was 42.8% White, including 35.7% non-Hispanic White; 34.3% Black, including 31.9% non-Hispanic black; 10.5% Asian; 0.5% Native American; 0.0% (rounded) Pacific Islander; 3.0% Multiracial American; and 8.8% from other races. Hispanics and Latinos made up 19.8% of Brooklyn's population.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, Brooklyn had some neighborhoods segregated based on race, ethnicity, and religion. Overall, the southwest half of Brooklyn is racially mixed although it contains few black residents; the northeast section is mostly black and Hispanic/Latino.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <p>Brooklyn has a high degree of <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_diversity_index" title="Linguistic diversity index">linguistic diversity</a>. As of 2010, 54.1% (1,240,416) of Brooklyn residents ages 5 and older spoke <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> at home as a <a href="/wiki/Primary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary language">primary language</a>, while 17.2% (393,340) spoke <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, 6.5% (148,012) <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, 5.3% (121,607) <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, 3.5% (79,469) <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>, 2.8% (63,019) <a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a>, 1.4% (31,004) <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, 1.2% (27,440) <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, 1.0% (23,207) <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, 1.0% (22,763) <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, 1.0% (21,773) <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, 0.9% (19,388) <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">various Indic languages</a>, 0.7% (15,936) <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African languages</a> were spoken as a <a href="/wiki/Main_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Main language">main language</a> by 0.5% (12,305) of the population over the age of five. In total, 45.9% (1,051,456) of Brooklyn's population ages 5 and older spoke a <a href="/wiki/Mother_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother tongue">mother tongue</a> other than English.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brooklyn" title="Culture of Brooklyn">Culture of Brooklyn</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">Culture of New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City#Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in New York City">LGBT culture in New York City § Brooklyn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Media_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of New York City">Media of New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_Front_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brooklyn_Museum_Front_Entrance.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_Front_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brooklyn_Museum_Front_Entrance.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_Front_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brooklyn_Museum_Front_Entrance.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_Front_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a> on <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Parkway" title="Eastern Parkway">Eastern Parkway</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge_to_Eden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bridge_to_Eden.jpg/220px-Bridge_to_Eden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bridge_to_Eden.jpg/330px-Bridge_to_Eden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bridge_to_Eden.jpg/440px-Bridge_to_Eden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden" title="Brooklyn Botanic Garden">Brooklyn Botanic Garden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Arch_at_Grand_Army_Plaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Arch_at_Grand_Army_Plaza.jpg/220px-The_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Arch_at_Grand_Army_Plaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Arch_at_Grand_Army_Plaza.jpg/330px-The_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Arch_at_Grand_Army_Plaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Arch_at_Grand_Army_Plaza.jpg/440px-The_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Arch_at_Grand_Army_Plaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="2265" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_and_Sailors%27_Arch" title="Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch">Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza" title="Grand Army Plaza">Grand Army Plaza</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Brooklyn has played a major role in various aspects of American culture, including literature, cinema, and theater. <a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">Brooklyn's accent</a> has often been portrayed as "the typical New Yorker accent" in American media, although this accent and its stereotypes are supposedly diminishing in currency.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brooklyn's official colors are blue and gold.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_venues">Cultural venues</h3></div> <p>Brooklyn hosts the world-renowned <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Philharmonic" title="Brooklyn Philharmonic">Brooklyn Philharmonic</a>, and the second-largest public art collection in the United States, housed in the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>, opened in 1897, is New York City's second-largest public art museum. It has in its permanent collection more than 1.5 million objects, from ancient Egyptian masterpieces to contemporary art. The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Children%27s_Museum" title="Brooklyn Children's Museum">Brooklyn Children's Museum</a>, the world's first museum dedicated to children, opened in December 1899. The only such New York State institution accredited by the <a href="/wiki/American_Alliance_of_Museums" title="American Alliance of Museums">American Alliance of Museums</a>, it is one of the few globally to have a permanent collection – over 30,000 cultural objects and natural history specimens. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a> (BAM) includes a 2,109-seat opera house, an 874-seat theater, and the art-house BAM Rose Cinemas. <a href="/wiki/Bargemusic" title="Bargemusic">Bargemusic</a> and St. Ann's Warehouse are on the other side of Downtown Brooklyn in the <a href="/wiki/DUMBO" class="mw-redirect" title="DUMBO">DUMBO</a> arts district. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Technical_High_School" title="Brooklyn Technical High School">Brooklyn Technical High School</a> has the second-largest auditorium in New York City (after <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a>), with a <a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> of over 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Local_periodicals">Local periodicals</h4></div> <p>Brooklyn has several local newspapers: The <i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Eagle" title="Brooklyn Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bay_Currents" title="Bay Currents">Bay Currents</a></i> (Oceanfront Brooklyn), <i>Brooklyn View</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brooklyn_Paper" title="The Brooklyn Paper">The Brooklyn Paper</a></i>, and Courier-Life Publications. Courier-Life Publications, owned by Rupert Murdoch's <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a>, is Brooklyn's largest chain of newspapers. Brooklyn is also served by the major New York dailies, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i>. Several others are now defunct, including the <span class="anchor" id="Brooklyn_Union"></span><i>Brooklyn Union</i> (1867–1937),<sup id="cite_ref-nysl.nysed.gov/nysnp/all/424_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysl.nysed.gov/nysnp/all/424-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brooklyn-union/12381_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brooklyn-union/12381-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <span class="anchor" id="Brooklyn_Times"></span><i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Times">Brooklyn Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nysl.nysed.gov/nysnp/all/424_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysl.nysed.gov/nysnp/all/424-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The borough is home to the arts and politics monthly <i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Rail">Brooklyn Rail</a></i>, as well as the arts and cultural quarterly <i><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet (magazine)">Cabinet</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hello_Mr." title="Hello Mr.">Hello Mr.</a></i> is also published in Brooklyn. </p><p><i>Brooklyn Magazine</i> is one of the few glossy magazines about Brooklyn. Several others are now defunct, including <i>BKLYN Magazine</i> (a bimonthly lifestyle book owned by Joseph McCarthy, that saw itself as a vehicle for high-end advertisers in Manhattan and was mailed to 80,000 high-income households), <i>Brooklyn Bridge Magazine</i>, <i>The Brooklynite</i> (a free, glossy quarterly edited by Daniel Treiman), and <i>NRG</i> (edited by Gail Johnson and originally marketed as a local periodical for Clinton Hill and Fort Greene, but expanded in scope to become the self-proclaimed "Pulse of Brooklyn" and then the "Pulse of New York").<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethnic_press">Ethnic press</h4></div> <p>Brooklyn has a thriving ethnic press. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Diario_La_Prensa" title="El Diario La Prensa">El Diario La Prensa</a></i>, the largest and oldest Spanish-language daily newspaper in the United States, maintains its corporate headquarters at 1 <a href="/wiki/MetroTech_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="MetroTech Center">MetroTech Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">downtown Brooklyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major ethnic publications include the Brooklyn-Queens Catholic paper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tablet_(Diocese_of_Brooklyn)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tablet (Diocese of Brooklyn)">The Tablet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hamodia" title="Hamodia">Hamodia</a></i>, an Orthodox Jewish daily, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Press" title="The Jewish Press">The Jewish Press</a></i>, an Orthodox Jewish weekly. Many nationally distributed ethnic newspapers are based in Brooklyn. Over 60 ethnic groups, writing in 42 languages, publish some 300 non-English language magazines and newspapers in New York City. Among them is the quarterly <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Idea" title="L'Idea">L'Idea</a></i>, a bilingual magazine printed in Italian and English since 1974. In addition, many newspapers published abroad, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gleaner_Company" title="Gleaner Company">The Daily Gleaner</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jamaica_Star" title="The Jamaica Star">The Star</a></i> of Jamaica, are available in Brooklyn.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Time_Press" title="Our Time Press">Our Time Press</a></i>, published weekly by DBG Media, covers the Village of Brooklyn with a motto of "The Local Paper with the Global View". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television">Television</h4></div> <p>The City of New York has an official television station, run by <a href="/wiki/NYC_Media" title="NYC Media">NYC Media</a>, which features programming based in Brooklyn. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Community_Access_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn Community Access Television (page does not exist)">Brooklyn Community Access Television</a> is the borough's <a href="/wiki/Public_access_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Public access television">public access channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its studios are at the <a href="/wiki/BRIC_Arts_Media" title="BRIC Arts Media">BRIC Arts Media</a> venue, called BRIC House, located on <a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_(Brooklyn)" title="Fulton Street (Brooklyn)">Fulton Street</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Greene">Fort Greene</a> section of the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3></div> <ul><li>The annual <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Mermaid_Parade" title="Coney Island Mermaid Parade">Coney Island Mermaid Parade</a> (mid-to-late June) is a costume-and-float parade.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward,_Nathan_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward,_Nathan-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Coney Island also hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Nathan%27s_Hot_Dog_Eating_Contest" title="Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest">Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest</a> (July 4).<sup id="cite_ref-Ward,_Nathan_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward,_Nathan-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The annual <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Day Carnival">Labor Day Carnival</a> (also known as the Labor Day Parade or West Indian Day Parade) takes place along <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Parkway" title="Eastern Parkway">Eastern Parkway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a>.</li> <li>The Art of Brooklyn Film Festival runs annually around the second week of June.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy of New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg/220px-The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg/330px-The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg/440px-The_Brooklyn_Tower_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Brooklyn_Tower" title="The Brooklyn Tower">The Brooklyn Tower</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Brooklyn" title="List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn">tallest building in Brooklyn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">tallest in New York State outside Manhattan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Brooklyn's job market is driven by three main factors: the performance of the national and city economy, population flows and the borough's position as a convenient back office for New York's businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-report_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forty-four percent of Brooklyn's employed population, or 410,000 people, work in the borough; more than half of the borough's residents work outside its boundaries. As a result, economic conditions in Manhattan are important to the borough's jobseekers. Strong international immigration to Brooklyn generates jobs in services, retailing and construction.<sup id="cite_ref-report_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 20th century, Brooklyn has benefited from a steady influx of financial <a href="/wiki/Back_office" title="Back office">back office</a> operations from Manhattan, the rapid growth of a <a href="/wiki/High-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech">high-tech</a> and entertainment economy in <a href="/wiki/DUMBO,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="DUMBO, Brooklyn">DUMBO</a>, and strong growth in support services such as accounting, personal supply agencies, and computer services firms.<sup id="cite_ref-report_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jobs in the borough have traditionally been concentrated in manufacturing, but since 1975, Brooklyn has shifted from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy. In 2004, 215,000 Brooklyn residents worked in the services sector, while 27,500 worked in manufacturing. Although manufacturing has declined, a substantial base has remained in apparel and niche manufacturing concerns such as furniture, fabricated metals, and food products.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pharmaceutical company <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> was founded in Brooklyn in 1869 and had a manufacturing plant in the borough for many years that employed thousands of workers, but the plant shut down in 2008. However, new light-manufacturing concerns in packaging organic and high-end food have sprung up in the old plant.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First established as a <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> facility in 1801, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Navy_Yard" title="Brooklyn Navy Yard">Brooklyn Navy Yard</a> employed 70,000 people at its peak during World War II and was then the largest employer in the borough. The <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Missouri_(BB-63)" title="USS Missouri (BB-63)">Missouri</a></i>, the ship on which the Japanese formally surrendered, was built there, as was the <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(ACR-1)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Maine (ACR-1)">Maine</a></i>, whose sinking off Havana led to the start of the Spanish–American War. The iron-sided Civil War vessel the <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">Monitor</a></i> was built in Greenpoint. From 1968 to 1979 <a href="/wiki/Seatrain_Lines" title="Seatrain Lines">Seatrain Shipbuilding</a> was the major employer.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later tenants include industrial design firms, food processing businesses, artisans, and the film and television production industry. About 230 private-sector firms providing 4,000 jobs are at the Yard. </p><p>Construction and services are the fastest-growing sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most employers in Brooklyn are small businesses. In 2000, 91% of the approximately 38,704 business establishments in Brooklyn had fewer than 20 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of August 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the borough's unemployment rate was 5.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brooklyn is also home to many banks and <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit unions</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation</a>, there were 37 banks and 26 credit unions operating in the borough in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Zoning_in_the_United_States" title="Zoning in the United States">rezoning</a> of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> has generated over US$10 billion of private investment and $300 million in public improvements since 2004. Brooklyn is also attracting numerous <a href="/wiki/High_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High technology">high technology</a> <a href="/wiki/Start-up_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Start-up company">start-up companies</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for New York City's <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship_ecosystem" title="Entrepreneurship ecosystem">entrepreneurship ecosystem</a>, has expanded from <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> into Brooklyn.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_other_attractions">Parks and other attractions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg/250px-Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg/375px-Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg/500px-Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prunus_serrulata" title="Prunus serrulata">Kwanzan Cherries</a> in bloom at Brooklyn Botanic Garden</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_Beach-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coney_Island_Beach-1.jpg/250px-Coney_Island_Beach-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coney_Island_Beach-1.jpg/375px-Coney_Island_Beach-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coney_Island_Beach-1.jpg/500px-Coney_Island_Beach-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Astroland" title="Astroland">Astroland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden" title="Brooklyn Botanic Garden">Brooklyn Botanic Garden</a>: adjacent to Prospect Park is the 52-acre (21 ha) botanical garden, which includes a cherry tree esplanade, a one-acre (0.4 ha) rose garden, a Japanese hill, and pond garden, a fragrance garden, a water lily pond esplanade, several conservatories, a rock garden, a native flora garden, a <i><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">bonsai</a></i> tree collection, and children's gardens and discovery exhibits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a> developed as a playground for the rich in the early 1900s, but it grew as one of America's first amusement grounds and attracted crowds from all over New York. The <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Cyclone" title="Coney Island Cyclone">Cyclone rollercoaster</a>, built-in 1927, is on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. The 1920 Wonder Wheel and other rides are still operational. Coney Island went into decline in the 1970s but has undergone a renaissance.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Bennett_Field" title="Floyd Bennett Field">Floyd Bennett Field</a>: the first municipal airport in New York City and long-closed for operations, is now part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park System">National Park System</a>. Many of the historic hangars and runways are still extant. Nature trails and diverse habitats are found within the park, including <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marsh</a> and a restored area of <a href="/wiki/Shortgrass_prairie" title="Shortgrass prairie">shortgrass prairie</a> that was once widespread on the <a href="/wiki/Hempstead_Plains" title="Hempstead Plains">Hempstead Plains</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a>, founded by the social reformer Henry Evelyn Pierrepont in 1838, is an early <a href="/wiki/Rural_cemetery" title="Rural cemetery">Rural cemetery</a>. It is the burial ground of many notable New Yorkers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge">Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge</a>: a unique Federal wildlife refuge straddling the Brooklyn-Queens border, part of <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Transit_Museum" title="New York Transit Museum">New York Transit Museum</a> displays historical artifacts of Greater New York's subway, commuter rail, and bus systems; it is at Court Street, a former <a href="/wiki/Independent_Subway_System" title="Independent Subway System">Independent Subway System</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights" title="Brooklyn Heights">Brooklyn Heights</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IND_Fulton_Street_Line" title="IND Fulton Street Line">Fulton Street Line</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a> is a public park in central Brooklyn encompassing 585 acres (2.37 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-parkstat_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parkstat-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park was designed by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calvert_Vaux" title="Calvert Vaux">Calvert Vaux</a>, who created Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>. Attractions include the Long Meadow, a 90-acre (36 ha) meadow, the Picnic House, which houses offices and a hall that can accommodate parties with up to 175 guests; <a href="/wiki/Litchfield_Villa" title="Litchfield Villa">Litchfield Villa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_Zoo" title="Prospect Park Zoo">Prospect Park Zoo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Boathouse_on_the_Lullwater_of_the_Lake_in_Prospect_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Boathouse on the Lullwater of the Lake in Prospect Park">Boathouse</a>, housing a visitors center and the first urban <a href="/wiki/National_Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="National Audubon Society">Audubon Center</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-auduboncenter_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auduboncenter-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brooklyn's only lake, covering 60 acres (24 ha); the Prospect Park Bandshell that hosts free outdoor concerts in the summertime; and various sports and fitness activities including seven baseball fields. Prospect Park hosts a popular annual Halloween Parade.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park" title="Fort Greene Park">Fort Greene Park</a> is a public park in the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene</a> Neighborhood. The park contains the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park#Prison_Ship_Martyrs'_Monument" title="Fort Greene Park">Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument</a>, a monument to American prisoners during the Revolutionary War.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Brooklyn" title="Wildlife of Brooklyn">Wildlife of Brooklyn</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Brooklyn" title="Sports in Brooklyn">Sports in Brooklyn</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barclays_Center_Rain_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Barclays_Center_Rain_Night.jpg/250px-Barclays_Center_Rain_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Barclays_Center_Rain_Night.jpg/375px-Barclays_Center_Rain_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Barclays_Center_Rain_Night.jpg/500px-Barclays_Center_Rain_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Barclays Center in <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Pacific Park, Brooklyn">Pacific Park</a> within <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Prospect Heights, Brooklyn">Prospect Heights</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Nets" title="Brooklyn Nets">Nets</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Liberty" title="New York Liberty">Liberty</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Brooklyn's major professional sports team is the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Nets" title="Brooklyn Nets">Brooklyn Nets</a>. The Nets moved into the borough in 2012, and play their home games at <a href="/wiki/Barclays_Center" title="Barclays Center">Barclays Center</a> in Prospect Heights. Previously, the Nets had played in <a href="/wiki/Uniondale,_New_York" title="Uniondale, New York">Uniondale, New York</a> and in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Liberty" title="New York Liberty">New York Liberty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/WNBA" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBA">WNBA</a> were sold to the Nets' owners and moved their home venue from <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> to the Barclays Center. </p><p>Barclays Center was also the home arena for the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a> full-time from 2015 to 2018, then part-time from 2018 to 2020 (alternating with <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Veterans_Memorial_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum">Nassau Coliseum</a> in Uniondale). The Islanders had originally played at Nassau Coliseum full-time since their inception until 2015 when their lease at the venue expired and the team moved to Barclays Center. In 2020, the team returned to Nassau Coliseum full-time for one season before moving to the <a href="/wiki/UBS_Arena" title="UBS Arena">UBS Arena</a> in Elmont, New York in 2021. </p><p>Brooklyn also has a storied sports history. It has been home to many famous sports figures such as <a href="/wiki/Joe_Paterno" title="Joe Paterno">Joe Paterno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vince_Lombardi" title="Vince Lombardi">Vince Lombardi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Tyson" title="Mike Tyson">Mike Tyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Joe Torre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Sandy Koufax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Cunningham" title="Billy Cunningham">Billy Cunningham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitas_Gerulaitis" title="Vitas Gerulaitis">Vitas Gerulaitis</a>. Basketball legend <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a> was born in Brooklyn though he grew up in <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina" title="Wilmington, North Carolina">Wilmington, North Carolina</a>. </p><p>In the earliest days of organized baseball, Brooklyn teams dominated the new game. The second recorded game of baseball was played near what is today <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park" title="Fort Greene Park">Fort Greene Park</a> on October 24, 1845. Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/Excelsior_of_Brooklyn" title="Excelsior of Brooklyn">Excelsiors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Atlantics" title="Brooklyn Atlantics">Atlantics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eckford_of_Brooklyn" title="Eckford of Brooklyn">Eckfords</a> were the leading teams from the mid-1850s through the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, and there were dozens of local teams with neighborhood league play, such as at <a href="/wiki/Mapleton,_Brooklyn" title="Mapleton, Brooklyn">Mapleton Oval</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynBallParks.com_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynBallParks.com-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this "Brooklyn era", baseball evolved into the modern game: the first <a href="/wiki/Fastball" title="Fastball">fastball</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Changeup" title="Changeup">changeup</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">batting average</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Triple_play" title="Triple play">triple play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Creighton" title="Jim Creighton">first pro baseball player</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Union_Grounds" title="Union Grounds">enclosed ballpark</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Baseball_scorekeeping" title="Baseball scorekeeping">scorecard</a>, first known African-American team, first black championship game, first road trip, first gambling scandal, and first eight pennant winners were all in or from Brooklyn.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brooklyn's most famous historical team, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers" title="Brooklyn Dodgers">Brooklyn Dodgers</a>, named for "trolley dodgers" played at <a href="/wiki/Ebbets_Field" title="Ebbets Field">Ebbets Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947 <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> was hired by the Dodgers as the first African-American player in Major League Baseball in the modern era. In 1955, the Dodgers, perennial National League pennant winners, won the only <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> for Brooklyn against their rival <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a>. The event was marked by mass euphoria and celebrations. Just two years later, the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles. <a href="/wiki/Walter_O%27Malley" title="Walter O'Malley">Walter O'Malley</a>, the team's owner at the time, is still vilified, even by Brooklynites too young to remember the Dodgers as Brooklyn's ball club. </p><p>After a 43-year hiatus, professional baseball returned to the borough in 2001 with the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Cyclones" title="Brooklyn Cyclones">Brooklyn Cyclones</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Minor_league_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor league baseball">minor league</a> team that plays in <a href="/wiki/MCU_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="MCU Park">MCU Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a>. They are an affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a>. </p><p>The minor-league <a href="/wiki/New_York_Cosmos_(2010)" title="New York Cosmos (2010)">New York Cosmos</a> soccer club played its home games at MCU Park in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_FC_(USL)" title="Brooklyn FC (USL)">Brooklyn FC</a> will begin play in 2024, fielding a women's team in the first-division <a href="/wiki/USL_Super_League" title="USL Super League">USL Super League</a> and a men's team in the second-division <a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a> beginning in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brooklyn once had a <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> team named the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Lions">Brooklyn Lions</a> in 1926, who played at <a href="/wiki/Ebbets_Field" title="Ebbets Field">Ebbets Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_United_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby United New York">Rugby United New York</a> joined <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Rugby" title="Major League Rugby">Major League Rugby</a> in 2019 and played their home games at MCU Park through the 2021 season. </p><p>Brooklyn has one of the most active recreational fishing fleets in the United States. In addition to a large private fleet along Jamaica Bay, there is a substantial public fleet within Sheepshead Bay. Species caught include Black Fish, Porgy, Striped Bass, Black Sea Bass, Fluke, and Flounder.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_and_politics_in_Brooklyn" title="Government and politics in Brooklyn">Government and politics in Brooklyn</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG/220px-Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG/330px-Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG/440px-Bk_Boro_Hall_summer_dusk_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3732" data-file-height="2626" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Borough_Hall" title="Brooklyn Borough Hall">Brooklyn Borough Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Each of New York City's five counties (coterminous with each <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">borough</a>) has its own criminal court system and <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="District Attorney">District Attorney</a>, the chief public prosecutor who is directly elected by popular vote. Brooklyn has 16 City Council members, the largest number of any of the five boroughs. The Brooklyn Borough Government includes a borough government president as well as a court, library, borough government board, head of borough government, deputy head of borough government and deputy borough government president. </p><p>Brooklyn has 18 of the city's 59 community districts, each served by an unpaid <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Community boards in New York City">community board</a> with advisory powers under the city's <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Land_Use_Review_Procedure" title="Uniform Land Use Review Procedure">Uniform Land Use Review Procedure</a>. Each board has a paid district manager who acts as an interlocutor with city agencies. The <a href="/wiki/Kings_County_Democratic_County_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings County Democratic County Committee">Kings County Democratic County Committee</a> (aka the Brooklyn Democratic Party) is the county committee of the Democratic Party in Brooklyn. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> operates post offices in Brooklyn. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Building_and_Post_Office_(Brooklyn)" title="Federal Building and Post Office (Brooklyn)">Brooklyn Main Post Office</a> is located at 271 <a href="/wiki/Cadman_Plaza" title="Cadman Plaza">Cadman Plaza</a> East in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible floatright" style="font-size: 95%;"> <caption>United States presidential election results for <br />Kings County, New York<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYCBOEPOTUS_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCBOEPOTUS-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYSBOEPOTUS_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYSBOEPOTUS-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party(ies)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2024 United States presidential election in New York">2024</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">219,335 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27.84% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">551,633 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>70.03%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">16,741 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2020 United States presidential election in New York">2020</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">202,772 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">22.14% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">703,310 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>76.78%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">9,927 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2016 United States presidential election in New York">2016</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">141,044 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">17.51% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">640,553 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>79.51%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">24,008 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.98% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2012 United States presidential election in New York">2012</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">124,551 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">16.90% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">604,443 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>82.02%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">7,988 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2008 United States presidential election in New York">2008</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">151,872 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">19.99% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">603,525 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>79.43%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4,451 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2004 United States presidential election in New York">2004</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">167,149 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">24.30% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">514,973 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>74.86%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5,762 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.84% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States presidential election in New York">2000</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">96,609 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">15.65% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">497,513 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>80.60%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">23,115 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.74% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1996 United States presidential election in New York">1996</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">81,406 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">15.08% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">432,232 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>80.07%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">26,195 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.85% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1992 United States presidential election in New York">1992</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">133,344 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">22.93% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">411,183 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>70.70%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">37,067 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1988 United States presidential election in New York">1988</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">178,961 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">32.60% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">363,916 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>66.28%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6,142 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1984 United States presidential election in New York">1984</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">230,064 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">38.29% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">368,518 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>61.34%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,189 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1980 United States presidential election in New York">1980</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">200,306 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">38.44% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">288,893 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>55.44%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">31,893 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1976 United States presidential election in New York">1976</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">190,728 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">31.08% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">419,382 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>68.34%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3,533 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1972 United States presidential election in New York">1972</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">373,903 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.96% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">387,768 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>50.78%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,949 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1968 United States presidential election in New York">1968</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">247,936 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">31.99% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">489,174 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>63.12%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">37,859 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1964 United States presidential election in New York">1964</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">229,291 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">25.05% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">684,839 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>74.80%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,373 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1960 United States presidential election in New York">1960</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">327,497 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">33.51% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">646,582 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>66.16%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3,227 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.33% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1956 United States presidential election in New York">1956</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">460,456 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.23% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">557,655 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>54.77%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1952 United States presidential election in New York">1952</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">446,708 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39.82% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">656,229 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>58.50%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">18,765 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1948 United States presidential election in New York">1948</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">330,494 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">30.49% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">579,922 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>53.51%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">173,401 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">16.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1944 United States presidential election in New York">1944</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">393,926 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">34.01% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">758,270 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>65.46%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6,168 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1940 United States presidential election in New York">1940</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">394,534 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">34.44% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">742,668 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>64.83%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8,365 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1936 United States presidential election in New York">1936</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">212,852 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">21.85% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">738,306 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>75.78%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">23,143 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1932 United States presidential election in New York">1932</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">192,536 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">25.04% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">514,172 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>66.86%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">62,300 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1928 United States presidential election in New York">1928</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">245,622 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">36.13% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">404,393 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>59.48%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">29,822 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1924 United States presidential election in New York">1924</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">236,877 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>47.50%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">158,907 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">31.87% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">102,903 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">20.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1920 United States presidential election in New York">1920</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">292,692 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>63.32%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">119,612 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">25.88% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">49,944 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">10.80% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1916 United States presidential election in New York">1916</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">120,752 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.90% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">125,625 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>48.79%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">11,080 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1912 United States presidential election in New York">1912</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51,239 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">20.94% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">109,748 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>44.86%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">83,676 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">34.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1908 United States presidential election in New York">1908</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">119,789 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>50.64%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">96,756 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">40.90% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">20,025 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1904 United States presidential election in New York">1904</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">113,246 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>48.12%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">111,855 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.53% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">10,216 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1900 United States presidential election in New York">1900</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">108,977 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>49.57%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">106,232 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.32% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4,639 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.11% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1896 United States presidential election in New York">1896</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">109,135 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>56.35%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">76,882 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.70% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">7,659 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1892 United States presidential election in New York">1892</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">70,505 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39.97% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">100,160 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>56.78%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5,720 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1888 United States presidential election in New York">1888</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">70,052 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.49% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">82,507 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>53.58%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,430 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1884 United States presidential election in New York">1884</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">53,516 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.37% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">69,264 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>54.83%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3,541 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.80% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1880 United States presidential election in New York">1880</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51,751 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.66% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61,062 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>53.88%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">516 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1876 United States presidential election in New York">1876</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39,066 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">40.41% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57,556 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>59.53%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">62 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1872 United States presidential election in New York">1872</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">33,369 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.68% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">38,108 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>53.31%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1868 United States presidential election in New York">1868</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27,707 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.02% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39,838 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>58.98%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1864 United States presidential election in New York">1864</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">20,838 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44.75% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">25,726 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>55.25%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1860 United States presidential election in New York">1860</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">15,883 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.56% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">20,583 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>56.44%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1856 United States presidential election in New York">1856</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">7,846 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">25.58% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">14,174 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>46.22%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8,647 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">28.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1852 United States presidential election in New York">1852</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">8,496 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">43.97% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">10,628 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>55.00%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">199 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"><b><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1848 United States presidential election in New York">1848</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">7,511 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"><b>56.59%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">4,882 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">36.78% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">879 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"><b><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1844 United States presidential election in New York">1844</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">5,107 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"><b>51.94%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">4,648 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.27% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">77 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.78% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"><b><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1840 United States presidential election in New York">1840</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">3,293 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"><b>50.86%</b> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">3,157 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.76% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1836 United States presidential election in New York">1836</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">1,868 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">44.59% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">2,321 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>55.41%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1832 United States presidential election in New York">1832</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">1,264 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">42.06% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,741 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>57.94%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1828 United States presidential election in New York">1828</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">1,053 </td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862">43.84% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,349 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>56.16%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>As is the case with sister boroughs Manhattan and the Bronx, Brooklyn has not voted for a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> in a national <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">presidential election</a> since <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> in <a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1924 United States presidential election in New York">1924</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2008 United States presidential election in New York">2008 presidential election</a>, Democrat <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> received 79.4% of the vote in Brooklyn while Republican <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> received 20.0%. In <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2012 United States presidential election in New York">2012</a>, Barack Obama increased his Democratic margin of victory in the borough, dominating Brooklyn with 82.0% of the vote to Republican <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>'s 16.9%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_representation">Federal representation</h3></div> <p>As of 2023, four Democrats and one Republican represented Brooklyn in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. One congressional district lies entirely within the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-govtrack.us_2018_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govtrack.us_2018-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nydia_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Nydia Velázquez">Nydia Velázquez</a> (first elected in 1992) represents <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="New York's 7th congressional district">New York's 7th congressional district</a>, which includes the central-west Brooklyn neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Boerum_Hill" title="Boerum Hill">Boerum Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights" title="Brooklyn Heights">Brooklyn Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Bushwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_Gardens,_Brooklyn" title="Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn">Carroll Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobble_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Cobble Hill, Brooklyn">Cobble Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dumbo,_Brooklyn" title="Dumbo, Brooklyn">Dumbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="East Williamsburg, Brooklyn">East Williamsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gowanus,_Brooklyn" title="Gowanus, Brooklyn">Gowanus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a>. The district also covers a small portion of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-govtrack.us_2018_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govtrack.us_2018-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Hakeem Jeffries</a> (first elected in 2012) represents <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="New York's 8th congressional district">New York's 8th congressional district</a>, which includes the southern Brooklyn neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Bedford-Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn">Bedford-Stuyvesant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Bergen Beach, Brooklyn">Bergen Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Brooklyn" title="Brownsville, Brooklyn">Brownsville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canarsie,_Brooklyn" title="Canarsie, Brooklyn">Canarsie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Clinton Hill, Brooklyn">Clinton Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Flatbush,_Brooklyn" title="East Flatbush, Brooklyn">East Flatbush</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerritsen_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn">Gerritsen Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Park, Brooklyn">Marine Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mill_Basin,_Brooklyn" title="Mill Basin, Brooklyn">Mill Basin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Ocean Hill, Brooklyn">Ocean Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay,_Brooklyn" title="Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn">Sheepshead Bay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek,_Brooklyn" title="Spring Creek, Brooklyn">Spring Creek</a>. The district also covers a small portion of Queens.<sup id="cite_ref-govtrack.us_2018_146-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govtrack.us_2018-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Clarke" title="Yvette Clarke">Yvette Clarke</a> (first elected in 2006) represents <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="New York's 9th congressional district">New York's 9th congressional district</a>, which includes the central and southern Brooklyn neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Flatbush,_Brooklyn" title="East Flatbush, Brooklyn">East Flatbush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flatbush,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbush, Brooklyn">Flatbush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Park_Slope" title="Park Slope">Park Slope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Prospect Heights, Brooklyn">Prospect Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Lefferts_Gardens" title="Prospect Lefferts Gardens">Prospect Lefferts Gardens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Terrace,_Brooklyn" title="Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn">Windsor Terrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-govtrack.us_2018_146-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govtrack.us_2018-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Goldman" title="Dan Goldman">Dan Goldman</a> (first elected in 2022) represents <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="New York's 10th congressional district">New York's 10th congressional district</a>, which includes the southwestern Brooklyn neighborhoods of Midwood, Red Hook, Sunset Park, <a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst,_Brooklyn" title="Bensonhurst, Brooklyn">Bensonhurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Borough Park, Brooklyn">Borough Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Brooklyn" title="Kensington, Brooklyn">Kensington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mapleton,_Brooklyn" title="Mapleton, Brooklyn">Mapleton</a>. The district also covers the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_(Manhattan)" title="West Side (Manhattan)">West Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-govtrack.us_2018_146-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govtrack.us_2018-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malliotakis" title="Nicole Malliotakis">Nicole Malliotakis</a> (first elected in 2020) represents <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="New York's 11th congressional district">New York's 11th congressional district</a>, which includes the southwestern Brooklyn neighborhoods of Bensonhurst, Gravesend, <a href="/wiki/Bath_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Bath Beach, Brooklyn">Bath Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dyker_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Dyker Heights, Brooklyn">Dyker Heights</a>. The district also covers all of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-govtrack.us_2018_146-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govtrack.us_2018-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"> <caption>Party affiliation of Brooklyn registered voters<br /> <i>(relative percentages)</i> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center;"> <th>Party </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2003 </th> <th>2002 </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2000 </th> <th>1999 </th> <th>1998 </th> <th>1997 </th> <th>1996 </th></tr> <tr style="background:#B0CEFF;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> </td> <td>69.7 </td> <td>69.2 </td> <td>70.0 </td> <td>70.1 </td> <td>70.6 </td> <td>70.3 </td> <td>70.7 </td> <td>70.8 </td> <td>70.8 </td> <td>71.0 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFB6B6;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td>10.5 </td> <td>10.9 </td> <td>11.1 </td> <td>11.3 </td> <td>11.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Other </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td>3.9 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td>2.9 </td> <td>2.8 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>2.8 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>2.3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:white;"> <td align="left">No affiliation </td> <td>16.5 </td> <td>16.9 </td> <td>16.1 </td> <td>16.2 </td> <td>16.3 </td> <td>16.5 </td> <td>15.9 </td> <td>15.5 </td> <td>15.4 </td> <td>15.2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Housing">Housing</h2></div> <p>Brooklyn offers a wide array of private housing, as well as public housing, which is administered by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Housing_Authority" title="New York City Housing Authority">New York City Housing Authority</a> (NYCHA). Affordable rental and co-operative housing units throughout the borough were created under the <a href="/wiki/Mitchell%E2%80%93Lama_Housing_Program" title="Mitchell–Lama Housing Program">Mitchell–Lama Housing Program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 1,101,441 housing units in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynQuickFacts_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynQuickFacts-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at an average density of 15,876 units per square mile (6,130/km<sup>2</sup>). Public housing administered by NYCHA accounts for more than 100,000 residents in nearly 50,000 units in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City">Education in New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of high schools in New York City">List of high schools in New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bklyn_Tech_HS_from_Ashland_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bklyn_Tech_HS_from_Ashland_jeh.jpg/200px-Bklyn_Tech_HS_from_Ashland_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bklyn_Tech_HS_from_Ashland_jeh.jpg/300px-Bklyn_Tech_HS_from_Ashland_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bklyn_Tech_HS_from_Ashland_jeh.jpg/400px-Bklyn_Tech_HS_from_Ashland_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1802" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption>Brooklyn Tech as seen from Ashland Place in Fort Greene</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg/200px-2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg/300px-2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg/400px-2016_Brooklyn_College_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="3368" /></a><figcaption>The Brooklyn College library, part of the original campus laid out by Randolph Evans, now known as "East Quad"</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Law_School_Fell_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Brooklyn_Law_School_Fell_Hall.jpg/150px-Brooklyn_Law_School_Fell_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Brooklyn_Law_School_Fell_Hall.jpg/225px-Brooklyn_Law_School_Fell_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Brooklyn_Law_School_Fell_Hall.jpg/300px-Brooklyn_Law_School_Fell_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1693" data-file-height="2666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Law_School" title="Brooklyn Law School">Brooklyn Law School</a>'s 1994 <a href="/wiki/New_Classical_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="New Classical Architecture">new classical</a> "Fell Hall" tower, by architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._M._Stern" title="Robert A. M. Stern">Robert A. M. Stern</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wunsch_building_among_MetroTech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wunsch_building_among_MetroTech.jpg/200px-Wunsch_building_among_MetroTech.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wunsch_building_among_MetroTech.jpg/300px-Wunsch_building_among_MetroTech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wunsch_building_among_MetroTech.jpg/400px-Wunsch_building_among_MetroTech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Tandon_School_of_Engineering" title="New York University Tandon School of Engineering">NYU Tandon</a> Wunsch Building</figcaption></figure> <p>Education in Brooklyn is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions. Non-charter public schools in the borough are managed by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest public school system in the United States. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Technical_High_School" title="Brooklyn Technical High School">Brooklyn Technical High School</a> (commonly called Brooklyn Tech), a New York City public high school, is the largest specialized high school for science, mathematics, and technology in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brooklyn Tech opened in 1922. Brooklyn Tech is across the street from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park" title="Fort Greene Park">Fort Greene Park</a>. This high school was built from 1930 to 1933 at a cost of about $6 million and is 12 stories high. It covers about half of a city block.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brooklyn Tech is noted for its famous alumni<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (including two Nobel Laureates), its academics, and a large number of graduates attending prestigious universities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_colleges">Public colleges</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_College" title="Brooklyn College">Brooklyn College</a> is a senior college of the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>, and was the first public coeducational <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal arts college</a> in New York City. The college ranked in the top 10 nationally for the second consecutive year in <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Review">Princeton Review</a>'s 2006 guidebook, <i>America's Best Value Colleges</i>. Many of its students are first and second-generation Americans. Founded in 1970, <a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers_College" title="Medgar Evers College">Medgar Evers College</a> is a senior college of the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>. The college offers programs at the baccalaureate and associate degree levels, as well as adult and continuing education classes for central Brooklyn residents, corporations, government agencies, and community organizations. Medgar Evers College is a few blocks east of <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a>. </p><p>CUNY's <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_College_of_Technology" title="New York City College of Technology">New York City College of Technology</a> (City Tech) of The City University of New York (CUNY) (Downtown Brooklyn/Brooklyn Heights) is the largest public college of technology in New York State and a national model for technological education. Established in 1946, City Tech can trace its roots to 1881 when the Technical Schools of the Metropolitan Museum of Art were renamed the New York Trade School. That institution—which became the Voorhees Technical Institute many decades later—was soon a model for the development of technical and vocational schools worldwide. In 1971, Voorhees was incorporated into City Tech. </p><p><a href="/wiki/SUNY_Downstate_College_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="SUNY Downstate College of Medicine">SUNY Downstate College of Medicine</a>, founded as the Long Island College Hospital in 1860, is the oldest hospital-based medical school in the United States. The Medical Center comprises the College of Medicine, College of Health Related Professions, College of Nursing, School of Public Health, School of Graduate Studies, and University Hospital of Brooklyn. The Nobel Prize winner <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Robert F. Furchgott</a> was a member of its faculty. Half of the Medical Center's students are minorities or immigrants. The College of Medicine has the highest percentage of minority students of any medical school in New York State. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_colleges">Private colleges</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Adelphi_University" title="Adelphi University">Adelphi University</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York" title="Garden City, New York">Garden City</a>, moved its Manhattan Campus in 2023 to a new location on Livingston Street in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a>. The move marks a return to Brooklyn for the university, which originated on Adelphi Street with the Adelphi Academy. The facility is shared with <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_College" title="St. Francis College">St. Francis College</a>, which has created a new campus at 179 Livingston Street.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Law_School" title="Brooklyn Law School">Brooklyn Law School</a> was founded in 1901 and is notable for its diverse student body. Women and African Americans were enrolled in 1909. According to the Leiter Report, a compendium of law school rankings published by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Leiter" title="Brian Leiter">Brian Leiter</a>, Brooklyn Law School places 31st nationally for the quality of students.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_University" title="Long Island University">Long Island University</a> is a private university headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Brookville,_New_York" title="Brookville, New York">Brookville</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, with a campus in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> with 6,417 undergraduate students. The Brooklyn campus has strong science and medical technology programs, at the graduate and undergraduate levels. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pratt_Institute" title="Pratt Institute">Pratt Institute</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Clinton Hill, Brooklyn">Clinton Hill</a>, is a private college founded in 1887 with programs in engineering, architecture, and the arts. Some buildings in the school's Brooklyn campus are <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">official landmarks</a>. Pratt has over 4700 students, with most at its Brooklyn campus. Graduate programs include a library and information science, architecture, and urban planning. Undergraduate programs include architecture, construction management, writing, critical and visual studies, industrial design and fine arts, totaling over 25 programs in all. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Tandon_School_of_Engineering" title="New York University Tandon School of Engineering">New York University Tandon School of Engineering</a>, the United States' second oldest private <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">institute of technology</a>, founded in 1854, has its main campus in Downtown's <a href="/wiki/MetroTech_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="MetroTech Center">MetroTech Center</a>, a commercial, civic and educational redevelopment project of which it was a key sponsor. NYU-Tandon is one of the 18 schools and colleges that comprise <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> (NYU).<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_College" title="St. Francis College">St. Francis College</a> is a Catholic college in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> founded in 1859 by Franciscan friars. Today, over 2,400 students attend the small liberal arts college. St. Francis is considered by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> as one of the more diverse colleges, and was ranked one of the best baccalaureate colleges by <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> magazine and <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimesDiversity_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesDiversity-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes.com_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes.com-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USNWR_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNWR-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brooklyn also has smaller liberal arts institutions, such as <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph's College (New York)">Saint Joseph's College</a> in Clinton Hill and <a href="/wiki/Boricua_College" title="Boricua College">Boricua College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Community_colleges">Community colleges</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kingsborough_Community_College" title="Kingsborough Community College">Kingsborough Community College</a> is a junior college in the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> system in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn">Manhattan Beach</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brooklyn_Public_Library">Brooklyn Public Library</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Public_Library_by_DS.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Brooklyn_Public_Library_by_DS.JPG/220px-Brooklyn_Public_Library_by_DS.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Brooklyn_Public_Library_by_DS.JPG/330px-Brooklyn_Public_Library_by_DS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Brooklyn_Public_Library_by_DS.JPG/440px-Brooklyn_Public_Library_by_DS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Central Library at Grand Army Plaza</figcaption></figure> <p>As an independent system, separate from the New York and Queens public library systems, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn Public Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offers thousands of public programs, millions of books, and use of more than 850 free Internet-accessible computers. It also has books and periodicals in all the major languages spoken in Brooklyn, including English, Russian, Chinese, Spanish, Hebrew, and <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a>, as well as French, Yiddish, Hindi, Bengali, Polish, Italian, and Arabic. The Central Library is a landmarked building facing <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza" title="Grand Army Plaza">Grand Army Plaza</a>. </p><p>There are 58 library branches, placing one within a half-mile of each Brooklyn resident. In addition to its specialized Business Library in Brooklyn Heights, the Library is preparing to construct its new Visual & Performing Arts Library (VPA) in the BAM Cultural District, which will focus on the link between new and emerging arts and technology and house traditional and digital collections. It will provide access and training to arts applications and technologies not widely available to the public. The collections will include the subjects of art, theater, dance, music, film, photography, and architecture. A special archive will house the records and history of Brooklyn's arts communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City">Transportation in New York City</a></div> <p>About 57 percent of all households in Brooklyn were households without <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>. The citywide rate is 55 percent in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island-Stillwell_Avenue_Terminus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Coney_Island-Stillwell_Avenue_Terminus.jpg/250px-Coney_Island-Stillwell_Avenue_Terminus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Coney_Island-Stillwell_Avenue_Terminus.jpg/375px-Coney_Island-Stillwell_Avenue_Terminus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Coney_Island-Stillwell_Avenue_Terminus.jpg/500px-Coney_Island-Stillwell_Avenue_Terminus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue subway station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_Terminal_LIRR_and_Subway_entrances.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Atlantic_Terminal_LIRR_and_Subway_entrances.jpg/220px-Atlantic_Terminal_LIRR_and_Subway_entrances.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Atlantic_Terminal_LIRR_and_Subway_entrances.jpg/330px-Atlantic_Terminal_LIRR_and_Subway_entrances.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Atlantic_Terminal_LIRR_and_Subway_entrances.jpg/440px-Atlantic_Terminal_LIRR_and_Subway_entrances.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Atlantic Terminal is a major hub in Brooklyn.</figcaption></figure> <p>Brooklyn features extensive <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transit</a>. Nineteen <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> services, including the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Avenue_Shuttle" title="Franklin Avenue Shuttle">Franklin Avenue Shuttle</a>, traverse the borough. Approximately 92.8% of Brooklyn residents traveling to Manhattan use the subway, despite the fact some neighborhoods like <a href="/wiki/Flatlands,_Brooklyn" title="Flatlands, Brooklyn">Flatlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Park, Brooklyn">Marine Park</a> are poorly served by subway service. Major stations, out of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Subway_stations_in_Brooklyn" title="List of New York City Subway stations in Brooklyn">170 currently in Brooklyn</a>, include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Avenue%E2%80%93Barclays_Center_station" title="Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center station">Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Junction_station" title="Broadway Junction station">Broadway Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_Avenue_station_(BMT_lines)" title="DeKalb Avenue station (BMT lines)">DeKalb Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Street%E2%80%93MetroTech_station" title="Jay Street–MetroTech station">Jay Street–MetroTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island%E2%80%93Stillwell_Avenue_station" title="Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue station">Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue</a><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Proposed New York City Subway lines never built include a line along Nostrand or Utica Avenues to Marine Park,<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a subway line to <a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek,_Brooklyn" title="Spring Creek, Brooklyn">Spring Creek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brooklyn was once served by <a href="/wiki/List_of_streetcar_lines_in_Brooklyn" title="List of streetcar lines in Brooklyn">an extensive network of streetcars</a>, but many were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_Brooklyn" title="List of bus routes in Brooklyn">public bus network</a> that covers the entire borough. There is also daily express bus service into Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New York's famous yellow cabs also provide transportation in Brooklyn, although they are less numerous in the borough. There are three commuter rail stations in Brooklyn: <a href="/wiki/East_New_York_(LIRR_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="East New York (LIRR station)">East New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nostrand_Avenue_(LIRR_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nostrand Avenue (LIRR station)">Nostrand Avenue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Terminal" title="Atlantic Terminal">Atlantic Terminal</a>, the terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Branch" title="Atlantic Branch">Atlantic Branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a>. The terminal is near the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Avenue_%E2%80%93_Barclays_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Avenue – Barclays Center">Atlantic Avenue – Barclays Center</a> subway station, with ten connecting subway services. </p><p>In February 2015, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a> announced that the city government would begin a citywide ferry service called <a href="/wiki/NYC_Ferry" title="NYC Ferry">NYC Ferry</a> to extend ferry transportation to communities in the city that have been traditionally underserved by public transit.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbcny-hornblower_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcny-hornblower-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ferry opened in May 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-nydailynews.com_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydailynews.com-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the Bay Ridge ferry serving southwestern Brooklyn and the <a href="/wiki/East_River_Ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="East River Ferry">East River Ferry</a> serving northwestern Brooklyn. A third route, the Rockaway ferry, makes one stop in the borough at <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Army_Terminal" title="Brooklyn Army Terminal">Brooklyn Army Terminal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> line, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Queens_Connector" title="Brooklyn–Queens Connector">Brooklyn–Queens Connector</a>, was proposed by the city in February 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the planned timeline calling for service to begin around 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roadways">Roadways</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_streets" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn streets">Brooklyn streets</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lettered_Brooklyn_avenues" title="List of lettered Brooklyn avenues">List of lettered Brooklyn avenues</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024-05-22_12_33_13_View_east_along_Interstate_278_(Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway)_from_the_overpass_for_Sackett_Street_in_Brooklyn,_New_York_City,_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2024-05-22_12_33_13_View_east_along_Interstate_278_%28Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway%29_from_the_overpass_for_Sackett_Street_in_Brooklyn%2C_New_York_City%2C_New_York.jpg/220px-2024-05-22_12_33_13_View_east_along_Interstate_278_%28Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway%29_from_the_overpass_for_Sackett_Street_in_Brooklyn%2C_New_York_City%2C_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2024-05-22_12_33_13_View_east_along_Interstate_278_%28Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway%29_from_the_overpass_for_Sackett_Street_in_Brooklyn%2C_New_York_City%2C_New_York.jpg/330px-2024-05-22_12_33_13_View_east_along_Interstate_278_%28Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway%29_from_the_overpass_for_Sackett_Street_in_Brooklyn%2C_New_York_City%2C_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2024-05-22_12_33_13_View_east_along_Interstate_278_%28Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway%29_from_the_overpass_for_Sackett_Street_in_Brooklyn%2C_New_York_City%2C_New_York.jpg/440px-2024-05-22_12_33_13_View_east_along_Interstate_278_%28Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway%29_from_the_overpass_for_Sackett_Street_in_Brooklyn%2C_New_York_City%2C_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The BQE between Red Hook and Brooklyn Heights</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Parkway_Bridge_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Marine_Parkway_Bridge_-_cropped.jpg/400px-Marine_Parkway_Bridge_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Marine_Parkway_Bridge_-_cropped.jpg/600px-Marine_Parkway_Bridge_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Marine_Parkway_Bridge_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="253" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Parkway Bridge">Marine Parkway Bridge</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Williamsburg_Bridge_from_Gowanus_Bay_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Williamsburg_Bridge_from_Gowanus_Bay_jeh.jpg/400px-Williamsburg_Bridge_from_Gowanus_Bay_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Williamsburg_Bridge_from_Gowanus_Bay_jeh.jpg/600px-Williamsburg_Bridge_from_Gowanus_Bay_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Williamsburg_Bridge_from_Gowanus_Bay_jeh.jpg/800px-Williamsburg_Bridge_from_Gowanus_Bay_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Williamsburg Bridge, as seen from <a href="/wiki/Wallabout_Bay" title="Wallabout Bay">Wallabout Bay</a> with <a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint</a> and Long Island City in background</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">limited-access expressways and parkways</a> are in the western and southern sections of Brooklyn, where the borough's two <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">interstate highways</a> are located; <a href="/wiki/Interstate_278" title="Interstate 278">Interstate 278</a>, which uses the <a href="/wiki/Gowanus_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowanus Expressway">Gowanus Expressway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn-Queens Expressway">Brooklyn-Queens Expressway</a>, traverses <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights" title="Brooklyn Heights">Brooklyn Heights</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Interstate_478" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 478">Interstate 478</a> is an unsigned route designation for the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Battery_Tunnel" title="Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel</a>, which connects to Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other prominent roadways are the <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Prospect Expressway">Prospect Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Route_27" title="New York State Route 27">New York State Route 27</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Belt_Parkway" title="Belt Parkway">Belt Parkway</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson_Parkway" title="Jackie Robinson Parkway">Jackie Robinson Parkway</a> (formerly the Interborough Parkway). Planned expressways that were never built include the Bushwick Expressway, an extension of <a href="/wiki/I-78" class="mw-redirect" title="I-78">I-78</a><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Cross-Brooklyn Expressway, I-878.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major thoroughfares include <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Avenue_(New_York_City)" title="Atlantic Avenue (New York City)">Atlantic Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Avenue_(Brooklyn)" title="Fourth Avenue (Brooklyn)">Fourth Avenue</a>, 86th Street, <a href="/wiki/Kings_Highway_(Brooklyn)" title="Kings Highway (Brooklyn)">Kings Highway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Parkway_(Brooklyn)" title="Bay Parkway (Brooklyn)">Bay Parkway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_(Brooklyn)" title="Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)">Ocean Parkway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Parkway" title="Eastern Parkway">Eastern Parkway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linden_Boulevard" title="Linden Boulevard">Linden Boulevard</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGuinness_Boulevard" title="McGuinness Boulevard">McGuinness Boulevard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flatbush_Avenue" title="Flatbush Avenue">Flatbush Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue_(Brooklyn)" title="Pennsylvania Avenue (Brooklyn)">Pennsylvania Avenue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nostrand_Avenue" title="Nostrand Avenue">Nostrand Avenue</a>. </p><p>Much of Brooklyn has only named streets, but <a href="/wiki/Park_Slope" title="Park Slope">Park Slope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Ridge">Bay Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Bensonhurst">Bensonhurst</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Borough_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Borough Park, Brooklyn">Borough Park</a> and the other western sections have <a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_Brooklyn_streets" title="List of numbered Brooklyn streets">numbered streets</a> running approximately northwest to southeast, and numbered avenues going approximately northeast to southwest. East of Dahill Road, lettered avenues (like Avenue M) run east and west, and numbered streets have the prefix "East". South of Avenue O, related numbered streets west of Dahill Road use the "West" designation. This set of numbered streets ranges from West 37th Street to East 108 Street, and the avenues range from A–Z with names substituted for some of them in some neighborhoods (notably Albemarle, Beverley, Cortelyou, Dorchester, Ditmas, Foster, Farragut, Glenwood, Quentin). Numbered streets prefixed by "North" and "South" in Williamsburg, and "Bay", "Beach", "Brighton", "Plumb", "Paerdegat" or "Flatlands" along the southern and southwestern waterfront are loosely based on the old grids of the original towns of Kings County that eventually consolidated to form Brooklyn. These names often reflect the bodies of water or beaches around them, such as <a href="/wiki/Plumb_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Plumb Beach">Plumb Beach</a> or <a href="/wiki/Paerdegat_Basin" title="Paerdegat Basin">Paerdegat Basin</a>. </p><p>Brooklyn is connected to Manhattan by three bridges, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge" title="Williamsburg Bridge">Williamsburg Bridge</a>; a vehicular tunnel, the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Battery_Tunnel" title="Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel</a> (also known as the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel); and several subway tunnels. The <a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a> links Brooklyn with the more suburban borough of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>. Though much of its border is on land, Brooklyn shares several water crossings with <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Pulaski_Bridge" title="Pulaski Bridge">Pulaski Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Greenpoint_Avenue_Bridge" title="Greenpoint Avenue Bridge">Greenpoint Avenue Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kosciuszko_Bridge" title="Kosciuszko Bridge">Kosciuszko Bridge</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn-Queens_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn-Queens Expressway">Brooklyn-Queens Expressway</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Street_Bridge" title="Grand Street Bridge">Grand Street Bridge</a>, all of which carry traffic over <a href="/wiki/Newtown_Creek" title="Newtown Creek">Newtown Creek</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Parkway Bridge">Marine Parkway Bridge</a> connecting Brooklyn to the <a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Peninsula">Rockaway Peninsula</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterways">Waterways</h3></div> <p>Brooklyn was long a major shipping port, especially at the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Army_Terminal" title="Brooklyn Army Terminal">Brooklyn Army Terminal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bush_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bush Terminal">Bush Terminal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a>. Most container ship cargo operations have shifted to the New Jersey side of New York Harbor, while the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Cruise_Terminal" title="Brooklyn Cruise Terminal">Brooklyn Cruise Terminal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a> is a focal point for New York's growing cruise industry. The <i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_2" title="Queen Mary 2">Queen Mary 2</a></i>, one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cruise_ships" title="List of largest cruise ships">world's largest ocean liners</a>, was designed specifically to fit under the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in the United States. She makes regular ports of call at the Red Hook terminal on her transatlantic crossings from <a href="/wiki/Southampton,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton, England">Southampton, England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_173-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Brooklyn waterfront formerly employed tens of thousands of borough residents and acted as an incubator for industries across the entire city, and the decline of the port exacerbated Brooklyn's decline in the second half of the 20th century. </p><p> In February 2015, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a> announced that the city government would begin <a href="/wiki/NYC_Ferry" title="NYC Ferry">NYC Ferry</a> to extend ferry transportation to traditionally underserved communities in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_169-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbcny-hornblower_170-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcny-hornblower-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ferry opened in May 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-nydailynews.com_171-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydailynews.com-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_172-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offering commuter services from the western shore of Brooklyn to Manhattan via three routes. The <a href="/wiki/East_River_Ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="East River Ferry">East River Ferry</a> serves points in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_City" title="Long Island City">Long Island City</a>, and northwestern Brooklyn via its East River route. The South Brooklyn and Rockaway routes serve southwestern Brooklyn before terminating in lower Manhattan. Ferries to Coney Island are also planned.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_173-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NY_Waterway" title="NY Waterway">NY Waterway</a> offers tours and charters. <a href="/wiki/SeaStreak" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaStreak">SeaStreak</a> also offers a weekday ferry service between the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Army_Terminal" title="Brooklyn Army Terminal">Brooklyn Army Terminal</a> and the Manhattan ferry slips at <a href="/wiki/Pier_11/Wall_Street" title="Pier 11/Wall Street">Pier 11/Wall Street</a> downtown and <a href="/wiki/East_34th_Street_Ferry_Landing" title="East 34th Street Ferry Landing">East 34th Street Ferry Landing</a> in midtown. A <a href="/wiki/Cross-Harbor_Rail_Tunnel" title="Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel">Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel</a>, originally proposed in the 1920s as a core project for the then-new <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Authority of New York">Port Authority of New York</a> is again being studied and discussed as a way to ease freight movements across a large swath of the metropolitan area.</p><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1508px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manhattan_Bridge_Panorama.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Manhattan Bridge seen from Brooklyn Bridge Park"><img alt="Manhattan Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Manhattan_Bridge_Panorama.JPG/1500px-Manhattan_Bridge_Panorama.JPG" decoding="async" width="1500" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Manhattan_Bridge_Panorama.JPG/2250px-Manhattan_Bridge_Panorama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Manhattan_Bridge_Panorama.JPG/3000px-Manhattan_Bridge_Panorama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="12416" data-file-height="1856" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Manhattan_Bridge_Panorama.JPG" title="File:Manhattan Bridge Panorama.JPG"> </a></div>Manhattan Bridge seen from <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge_Park" title="Brooklyn Bridge Park">Brooklyn Bridge Park</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnerships_with_districts_of_foreign_cities">Partnerships with districts of foreign cities</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City#Sister_cities" title="New York City">New York City § Sister cities</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzio" title="Anzio">Anzio, Lazio</a>, Italy (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a>, Vietnam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>, Poland (since 1991)<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F" title="Beşiktaş">Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province</a>, Turkey (since 2005)<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldstadt" title="Leopoldstadt">Leopoldstadt, Vienna</a>, Austria (since 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="London Borough of Lambeth">London Borough of Lambeth</a>, United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a>, Israel<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konak,_%C4%B0zmir" title="Konak, İzmir">Konak, İzmir</a>, Turkey (since 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoyang District, Beijing">Chaoyang District, Beijing</a>, China (since 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-Brooklyn_Borough_President_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brooklyn_Borough_President-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a>, China (since 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-Brooklyn_Borough_President_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brooklyn_Borough_President-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar" title="Üsküdar">Üsküdar</a>, Istanbul, Turkey (since 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hospitals_and_healthcare">Hospitals and healthcare</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Brooklyn" title="List of hospitals in Brooklyn">List of hospitals in Brooklyn</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brookdale_University_Hospital_and_Medical_Center" title="Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center">Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center</a><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County_Hospital_Center" title="Kings County Hospital Center">Kings County Hospital Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides_Medical_Center" title="Maimonides Medical Center">Maimonides Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Brooklyn)" title="Mount Sinai Hospital (Brooklyn)">Mount Sinai Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Community_Hospital" title="New York Community Hospital">New York Community Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NYC_Health_%2B_Hospitals/Kings_County" class="mw-redirect" title="NYC Health + Hospitals/Kings County">NYC Health + Hospitals/Kings County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NYU_Langone_Hospital_%E2%80%93_Brooklyn" title="NYU Langone Hospital – Brooklyn">NYU Langone Hospital – Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUNY_Downstate_Medical_Center" title="SUNY Downstate Medical Center">SUNY Downstate Medical Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 22%;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_links">General links</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Brooklyn" title="List of people from Brooklyn">List of people from Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Brooklyn" title="List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn">List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kings_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kings County, New York">National Register of Historic Places listings in Kings County, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Brooklyn" title="USS Brooklyn">USS <i>Brooklyn</i></a>, 3 ships</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 22%;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_neighborhoods">History of neighborhoods</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedford%E2%80%93Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn#History" title="Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn">Bedford–Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn#History" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Bushwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarsie#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Canarsie">Canarsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island#History" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn#History" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Williamsburg,_Brooklyn#History" title="East Williamsburg, Brooklyn">East Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbush,_Brooklyn#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbush, Brooklyn">Flatbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn#History" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn#History" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Utrecht,_Brooklyn#History" title="New Utrecht, Brooklyn">New Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Slope#History" title="Park Slope">Park Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn#History" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 22%;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_history">General history</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Visual_Heritage" title="Brooklyn Visual Heritage">Brooklyn Visual Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History of New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_municipalities_in_New_York_City" title="List of former municipalities in New York City">List of former municipalities in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brooklyn_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Brooklyn history">Timeline of Brooklyn history</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mostly <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Multiracial American</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> or other <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European ancestry</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusMap-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusMap_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusMap_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusMap_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7">"2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer"</a>. US Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Census+Demographic+Data+Map+Viewer&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmtgis-portal.geo.census.gov%2Farcgis%2Fapps%2FMapSeries%2Findex.html%3Fappid%3D2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hill_(Brooklyn)" title="Battle Hill (Brooklyn)">Battle Hill</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moynihan, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/nyregion/fyi-530409.html">"F.Y.I."</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, September 19, 1999. Accessed December 17, 2019. "There are well-known names for inhabitants of four boroughs: Manhattanites, Brooklynites, Bronxites, and Staten Islanders. But what are residents of Queens called?"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bea.gov-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bea.gov_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/lagdp1223.pdf">"Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.bea.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bea.gov&rft.atitle=Gross+Domestic+Product+by+County+and+Metropolitan+Area%2C+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-12%2Flagdp1223.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Counties2020NYS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Counties2020NYS_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics/2020/table02.htm">Table 2: Population, Land Area, and Population Density by County, New York State - 2020</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Health" title="New York State Department of Health">New York State Department of Health</a>. Accessed January 2, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/county_sub_list_36.txt">2010 Gazetteer for New York State</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed September 18, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusPopulation2022-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensusPopulation2022_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusPopulation2022_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/embed.php?component=populous">Most Populaous States, Counties and Cities (2022)</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed January 2, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusDensity2022-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CensusDensity2022_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/embed.php?component=density">Highest Density States, Counties and Cities (2022)</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed January 2, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_counties_36.txt">2020 Census Gazetteer for New York State</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Accessed January 2, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archaeology.cityofnewyork.us/collection/nyc-timeline/consolidation-of-the-five-borough-city">Consolidation of the Five-Borough City: 1898</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. Accessed January 18, 2024. "On January 1, 1898, the separate jurisdictions of New York and New York County (Manhattan), Kings County (Brooklyn), the Bronx, Queens County (Queens), and Richmond County (Staten Island) joined together to form a single jurisdiction and metropolis: the City of Greater New York..... Resistance was strongest among residents of Brooklyn city, who did not want to see their city’s independent identity smothered by huge New York and their <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>-run independent city and parallel Kings County government swamped by the huge numbers of opponent <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> halls of municipal government and legal courts of justice. The question was put to a public referendum and in the end, the Greater New York movement won by a razor thin small margin – 64,744 votes for consolidation, 64,467 against, to overcome the longtime Manhattan-Brooklyn rivalry."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanailova2018" class="citation web cs1">Danailova, Hilary (January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2018/01/11/brooklyn-jewish-spot-earth/">"Brooklyn, the Most Jewish Spot on Earth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Magazine" title="Hadassah Magazine">Hadassah Magazine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brooklyn%2C+the+Most+Jewish+Spot+on+Earth&rft.pub=Hadassah+Magazine&rft.date=2018-01&rft.aulast=Danailova&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadassahmagazine.org%2F2018%2F01%2F11%2Fbrooklyn-jewish-spot-earth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherman, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bkmag.com/2014/08/06/why-is-brooklyns-flag-so-lame/">"Why Is Brooklyn's Flag So Lame?"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Magazine" title="Brooklyn Magazine">Brooklyn Magazine</a></i>, August 6, 2014. Accessed January 18, 2024. "If you aren’t familiar, Brooklyn has a flag. And it’s a bummer. It’s plain white, first of all, with a sort of wonky blue oval shape at the center. Inside the oval is a bored-looking woman in a yellow robe, carrying a <a href="/wiki/Fasces" title="Fasces">fasces</a>, a symbol of power and unity. The oval is ringed with a motto, in Dutch, Een Draght Maekt Maght ('Unity Makes Strength'), and the words Borough of Brooklyn."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Alford2013" class="citation news cs1">Henry Alford (May 1, 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/02/fashion/williamsburg.html">"How I Became a Hipster"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502021525/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/02/fashion/williamsburg.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brooklyn+in+Leopoldstadt&rft.pub=Wieninternational.at&rft.date=2007-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wieninternational.at%2Fen%2Fnode%2F4478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140910201256/http://www.icfj.org/our-work/beyond-capitals-uk">"International Center for Journalists"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icfj.org/our-work/beyond-capitals-uk">the original</a> on September 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Center+for+Journalists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icfj.org%2Four-work%2Fbeyond-capitals-uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2008" class="citation web cs1">McLaughlin, Mike (September 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklynpaper.com/stories/31/38/31_38_mm_marty_in_israel.html">"Marty is in Israel! Beep says he's there for tourism business, not sightseeing"</a>. <i>The Brooklyn Paper</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Brooklyn+Paper&rft.atitle=Marty+is+in+Israel%21+Beep+says+he%27s+there+for+tourism+business%2C+not+sightseeing&rft.date=2008-09-19&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynpaper.com%2Fstories%2F31%2F38%2F31_38_mm_marty_in_israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101213054734/http://www.brooklyn-usa.org/pdf/MartyWinter2010_WEBsmall.pdf">"Brooklyn Borough President"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklyn-usa.org/pdf/MartyWinter2010_WEBsmall.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brooklyn+Borough+President&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklyn-usa.org%2Fpdf%2FMartyWinter2010_WEBsmall.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brooklyn_Borough_President-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brooklyn_Borough_President_187-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brooklyn_Borough_President_187-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140910215719/http://www.brooklyn-usa.org/press/2014/may22_MA.htm">"Brooklyn Borough President"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklyn-usa.org/press/2014/may22_MA.htm">the original</a> on September 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brooklyn+Borough+President&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklyn-usa.org%2Fpress%2F2014%2Fmay22_MA.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailysabah.com/istanbul/2015/08/12/brooklyn-uskudar-istanbul-and-new-yorks-iconic-districts-join-forces">"Brooklyn-Üsküdar: Istanbul and New York's iconic districts join forces"</a>. <i>Dailysabah.com</i>. August 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dailysabah.com&rft.atitle=Brooklyn-%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar%3A+Istanbul+and+New+York%27s+iconic+districts+join+forces&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fistanbul%2F2015%2F08%2F12%2Fbrooklyn-uskudar-istanbul-and-new-yorks-iconic-districts-join-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413062318/http://www.brookdalehospital.org/general-information/general-info.html">"General Information"</a>. <i>The Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookdalehospital.org/general-information/general-info.html">the original</a> on April 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Brookdale+University+Hospital+and+Medical+Center&rft.atitle=General+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookdalehospital.org%2Fgeneral-information%2Fgeneral-info.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brooklyn#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Brooklyn">Bibliography of the history of Brooklyn</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Published_before_1941">Published before 1941</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1893" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Henry Ward Beecher (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924092229339"><i>The Eagle and Brooklyn: the record of the progress of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i></a>. Vol. 1. Brooklyn : The Brooklyn Daily Eagle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eagle+and+Brooklyn%3A+the+record+of+the+progress+of+the+Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.pub=Brooklyn+%3A+The+Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Henry+Ward+Beecher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924092229339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._Williams1850" class="citation cs2">W. Williams (1850), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/appletonsnorther00willuoft#page/136/mode/2up">"Brooklyn"</a>, <i>Appleton's northern and eastern traveller's guide</i>, New York: D. Appleton</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brooklyn&rft.btitle=Appleton%27s+northern+and+eastern+traveller%27s+guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1850&rft.au=W.+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fappletonsnorther00willuoft%23page%2F136%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Reed_Stiles1867" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Reed_Stiles" title="Henry Reed Stiles">Henry Reed Stiles</a> (1867), <i>A history of the city of Brooklyn</i>, Brooklyn: Pub. by subscription, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL14012527M">14012527M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+city+of+Brooklyn&rft.place=Brooklyn&rft.pub=Pub.+by+subscription&rft.date=1867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL14012527M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=Henry+Reed+Stiles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/appletonsillustr00newy#page/20/mode/2up">"Brooklyn"</a>, <i>Appleton's Illustrated Hand-Book of American Cities</i>, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1876</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brooklyn&rft.btitle=Appleton%27s+Illustrated+Hand-Book+of+American+Cities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company&rft.date=1876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fappletonsillustr00newy%23page%2F20%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooklyn_Daily_Eagle1898" class="citation book cs1">Brooklyn Daily Eagle (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brooklyndailyea01unkngoog"><i>Almanac: 1898</i></a> (2nd ed.). Brooklyn: [S.l. : s.n.], Brooklyn Daily Eagle).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almanac%3A+1898&rft.place=Brooklyn&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=%5BS.l.+%3A+s.n.%5D%2C+Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle%29&rft.date=1898&rft.au=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrooklyndailyea01unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrington_Putnam1899" class="citation cs2">Harrington Putnam (1899), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historictownsmi00powegoog#page/n255/mode/2up">"Brooklyn"</a>, in Lyman P. Powell (ed.), <i>Historic towns of the middle states</i>, New York: G. P. Putnam's sons, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/248109">248109</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brooklyn&rft.btitle=Historic+towns+of+the+middle+states&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+sons&rft.date=1899&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F248109&rft.au=Harrington+Putnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhistorictownsmi00powegoog%23page%2Fn255%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnest_Ingersoll1906" class="citation cs2">Ernest Ingersoll (1906), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/randmcnallycosha1906inge#page/158/mode/2up">"Greater New York: Brooklyn"</a>, <i>Rand, McNally & Co.'s handy guide to New York City, Brooklyn, Staten Island, and other districts included in the enlarged city</i> (20th ed.), Chicago: Rand, McNally, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29277709">29277709</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greater+New+York%3A+Brooklyn&rft.btitle=Rand%2C+McNally+%26+Co.%27s+handy+guide+to+New+York+City%2C+Brooklyn%2C+Staten+Island%2C+and+other+districts+included+in+the+enlarged+city&rft.place=Chicago&rft.edition=20th&rft.pub=Rand%2C+McNally&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29277709&rft.au=Ernest+Ingersoll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Frandmcnallycosha1906inge%23page%2F158%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Hungerford1913" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hungerford_(author)" title="Edward Hungerford (author)">Edward Hungerford</a> (1913), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/personalityofame00hungrich#page/61/mode/2up">"Across the East River"</a>, <i>The Personality of American Cities</i>, New York: McBride, Nast & Company</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Across+the+East+River&rft.btitle=The+Personality+of+American+Cities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McBride%2C+Nast+%26+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Edward+Hungerford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fpersonalityofame00hungrich%23page%2F61%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brooklyn"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brooklyn">"Brooklyn" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 647–649.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brooklyn&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=647-649&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers'_Project1940" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Writers%27_Project" title="Federal Writers' Project">Federal Writers' Project</a> (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015008915889?urlappend=%3Bseq=343">"New York City: Brooklyn"</a>. <i>New York: a Guide to the Empire State</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Guide_Series" title="American Guide Series">American Guide Series</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015008915889?urlappend=%3Bseq=343">2027/mdp.39015008915889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+York+City%3A+Brooklyn&rft.btitle=New+York%3A+a+Guide+to+the+Empire+State&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=American+Guide+Series&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015008915889%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D343&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015008915889%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Published_1941–present"><span id="Published_1941.E2.80.93present"></span>Published 1941–present</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Berner, Thomas F. <i>The Brooklyn Navy Yard</i> (Arcadia, 1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HEHt7obvosEC&dq=+%22Brooklyn+Navy+Yard%22+&pg=PA6">online</a>.</li> <li>Carbone, Tommy, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=obcTtwEACAAJ">Growing Up Greenpoint – A Kid's Life in 1970s Brooklyn</a>.</i> (Burnt Jacket Publishing, 2018).</li> <li>Carroll, James T. "Neighbors to the East of the River: Cast of Leaders in the Diocese of Brooklyn, 1920–1960." <i>Catholic Historical Review</i> 108.2 (2022): 267–286.</li> <li>Curran, Winifred. "Gentrification and the nature of work: exploring the links in Williamsburg, Brooklyn." <i>Environment And Planning A.</i> 36 (2004): 1243–1258.</li> <li>Curran, Winifred. "'From the Frying Pan to the Oven': Gentrification and the Experience of Industrial Displacement in Williamsburg, Brooklyn." <i>Urban Studies</i> (2007) 44#8 pp: 1427–1440.</li> <li>Edwards, Maurice. <i>How music grew in Brooklyn: a biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra</i> (Scarecrow Press, 2006).</li> <li>Gallagher, John J. <i>Battle Of Brooklyn 1776</i> (Da Capo Press, 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KcOdML0UHcC&dq=Brooklyn&pg=PR9">online</a>.</li> <li>Golenbock, Peter. <i>Bums: An Oral History of the Brooklyn Dodgers</i> (Courier, 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wz0UPMaCYPgC&dq=Brooklyn&pg=PA1">online</a></li> <li>Harris, Lynn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/fashion/18slope.html">"Park Slope: Where Is the Love?"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> May 18, 2008</li> <li>Haw, Richard. "American History/American Memory: Reevaluating Walt Whitman's Relationship with the Brooklyn Bridge." <i>Journal of American Studies</i> 38.1 (2004): 1-22.</li> <li>Henke, Holger, <i>The West Indian Americans</i> (Greenwood Press: 2001).</li> <li>Hughes, Evan. <i>Literary Brooklyn: The writers of Brooklyn and the story of American city life</i> (Holt, 2011).</li> <li>Kranzler, George. <i>Hasidic Williamsburg: A contemporary American Hasidic community</i> (Jason Aronson, 1995).</li> <li>Kurland, Gerald. <i>Seth Low: The Reformer in an Urban and Industrial Age</i> (Ardent Media, 1971); he was mayor of Brooklyn from 1881 to 1885.</li> <li>Livingston, E. H. <i>President Lincoln's Third Largest City: Brooklyn and The Civil War</i> (1994)</li> <li>McCullough, David W., and Jim Kalett. <i>Brooklyn...and How It Got That Way</i> (1983); guide to neighborhoods; many photos</li> <li>McCullough, David. <i>The Great Bridge: The Epic Story of the Building of the Brooklyn Bridge</i> (2001)</li> <li>McNamara, Patrick. " 'Catholic Journalism With Its Sleeves Rolled Up': Patrick F. Scanlan and the Brooklyn Tablet, 1917-1968." <i>US Catholic Historian</i> 25.3 (2007): 87–107.</li> <li>Ment, David. <i>The shaping of a city: A brief history of Brooklyn</i> (1979) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/16/article/490394/summary">excerpt</a></li> <li>Moore, Deborah Dash. <i>At Home in America: Second Generation New York Jews</i> (Columbia University Press, 1981).</li> <li>Podair, Jerald E. <i>The strike that changed New York: Blacks, whites and the Ocean Hill-Brownsville crisis</i> (Yale University Press, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gEEA0RxSR3EC&dq=Brownsville&pg=PR7">online</a></li> <li>Pritchett, Wendell E. <i>Brownsville, Brooklyn: Blacks, Jews, and the changing face of the ghetto</i> (University of Chicago Press, 2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DeuimfpD1BYC&dq=Brownsville&pg=PR5">online</a>.</li> <li>Robbins, Michael W., ed. <i>Brooklyn: A State of Mind</i>. (Workman Publishing, 2001).</li> <li>Shepard, Benjamin Heim / Noonan, Mark J.: <i>Brooklyn Tides. The Fall and Rise of a Global Borough</i> (transcript Verlag, 2018)</li> <li>Smith, Betty. <i>A Tree Grows in Brooklyn</i> (1943) a semi-autobiographical novel set in the <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a> slums of Brooklyn, from 1902 to 1919.</li> <li>Snyder-Grenier, Ellen M. <i>Brooklyn!: an illustrated history</i> (Temple University Press, 2004)</li> <li>Sparr, Arnold. "Looking for Rosie: Women Defense Workers in the Brooklyn Navy Yard, 1942-1946." <i>New York History</i> 81.3 (2000): 313–340. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23182271">online</a></li> <li>Trachtenberg, Alan. <i>Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and Symbol</i> (University of Chicago Press, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brooklynbridgefa00trac/page/n9/mode/2up">online dissertation version</a></li> <li>Warf, Barney. "The reconstruction of social ecology and neighborhood change in Brooklyn." <i>Environment and Planning D</i> (1990) 8#1 pp: 73–96.</li> <li>Weld, Ralph Foster. <i>Brooklyn is America</i> (Columbia University Press, 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.544119">online</a></li> <li>Wellman, Judith. <i>Brooklyn's Promised Land: The Free Black Community of Weeksville, New York</i> (2014)</li> <li>Wilder, Craig Steven. <i>A Covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn 1636–1990</i> (Columbia University Press, 2013)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Brooklyn</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brooklyn,_New_York_City" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Brooklyn, New York City">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Brooklyn,_New_York" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Brooklyn, New York">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 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href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Brooklyn" class="extiw" title="voy:Brooklyn">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Brooklyn" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklyn-usa.org/">Official website of the Brooklyn Borough President</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3></div> <ul><li>Digital Public Library of America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=brooklyn">Items related to Brooklyn</a>, various dates.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019230402/http://www.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/eagle/">The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Online, 1841–1902</a> (from the Brooklyn Public Library)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetsgraves.co.uk/Classic%20Poems/Whitman/crossing_brooklyn_ferry.htm"><i>Crossing Brooklyn Ferry</i> by Walt Whitman</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/30/"><i>Notes Geographical and Historical, relating to the Town of Brooklyn, in Kings County on Long-Island.</i> (1824) An Online Electronic Text Edition.</a> by Gabriel Furman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/50345398/">"Becoming Wards One By One"</a> <i>The Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i> (May 4, 1894). p. 12.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighborhoods_in_the_New_York_City_borough_of_Brooklyn" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brooklyn" title="Template:Brooklyn"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brooklyn" title="Template talk:Brooklyn"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brooklyn" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brooklyn"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighborhoods_in_the_New_York_City_borough_of_Brooklyn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brooklyn_neighborhoods" title="List of Brooklyn neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">borough</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brooklyn</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barren_Island,_Brooklyn" title="Barren Island, Brooklyn">Barren Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Bath Beach, Brooklyn">Bath Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford%E2%80%93Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn" title="Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn">Bedford–Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst,_Brooklyn" title="Bensonhurst, Brooklyn">Bensonhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Bergen Beach, Brooklyn">Bergen Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Squares" title="Beverley Squares">Beverley Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoCoCa" title="BoCoCa">BoCoCa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerum_Hill" title="Boerum Hill">Boerum Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Borough Park, Brooklyn">Borough Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Plaza,_Brooklyn" title="Bridge Plaza, Brooklyn">Bridge Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights" title="Brooklyn Heights">Brooklyn Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Brooklyn" title="Brownsville, Brooklyn">Brownsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Bushwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarsie,_Brooklyn" title="Canarsie, Brooklyn">Canarsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Gardens,_Brooklyn" title="Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn">Carroll Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Brooklyn" title="Chinatowns in Brooklyn">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Clinton Hill, Brooklyn">Clinton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobble_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Cobble Hill, Brooklyn">Cobble Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Street_Waterfront_District" title="Columbia Street Waterfront District">Columbia Street Waterfront District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmas_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Ditmas Park, Brooklyn">Ditmas Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbo,_Brooklyn" title="Dumbo, Brooklyn">Dumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyker_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Dyker Heights, Brooklyn">Dyker Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Flatbush,_Brooklyn" title="East Flatbush, Brooklyn">East Flatbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="East Williamsburg, Brooklyn">East Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farragut_Houses" title="Farragut Houses">Farragut Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiske_Terrace,_Brooklyn" title="Fiske Terrace, Brooklyn">Fiske Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbush" title="Flatbush">Flatbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatlands,_Brooklyn" title="Flatlands, Brooklyn">Flatlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Ferry,_Brooklyn" title="Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn">Fulton Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerritsen_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn">Gerritsen Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowanus,_Brooklyn" title="Gowanus, Brooklyn">Gowanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Greenwood Heights, Brooklyn">Greenwood Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homecrest,_Brooklyn" title="Homecrest, Brooklyn">Homecrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Brooklyn" title="Kensington, Brooklyn">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn">Manhattan Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapleton,_Brooklyn" title="Mapleton, Brooklyn">Mapleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Park_(neighborhood),_Brooklyn" title="Marine Park (neighborhood), Brooklyn">Marine Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Basin,_Brooklyn" title="Mill Basin, Brooklyn">Mill Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Navy_Yard" title="Brooklyn Navy Yard">Navy Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Utrecht,_Brooklyn" title="New Utrecht, Brooklyn">New Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Ocean Hill, Brooklyn">Ocean Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_(Brooklyn)" title="Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)">Ocean Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Pacific Park, Brooklyn">Pacific Park/Atlantic Yards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Slope" title="Park Slope">Park Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Slope_Village" title="Park Slope Village">Park Slope Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumb_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Plumb Beach, Brooklyn">Plumb Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Prospect Heights, Brooklyn">Prospect Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Lefferts_Gardens" title="Prospect Lefferts Gardens">Prospect Lefferts Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_South" title="Prospect Park South">Prospect Park South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remsen_Village,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Remsen Village, Brooklyn">Remsen Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Gate,_Brooklyn" title="Sea Gate, Brooklyn">Sea Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay,_Brooklyn" title="Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn">Sheepshead Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek,_Brooklyn" title="Spring Creek, Brooklyn">Spring Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Brooklyn" title="South Brooklyn">South Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starrett_City" title="Starrett City">Starrett City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hole,_New_York_City" title="The Hole, New York City">The Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinegar_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn">Vinegar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallabout,_Brooklyn" title="Wallabout, Brooklyn">Wallabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeksville,_Brooklyn" title="Weeksville, Brooklyn">Weeksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="West Midwood, Brooklyn">West Midwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="White Sands, Brooklyn">White Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Terrace,_Brooklyn" title="Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn">Windsor Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingate,_Brooklyn" title="Wingate, Brooklyn">Wingate/Pigtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyckoff_Heights,_New_York_City" title="Wyckoff Heights, New York City">Wyckoff Heights</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Brooklyn Bridge"><img alt="The Brooklyn Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/90px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/135px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/180px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2377" data-file-height="1925" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Brooklyn" title="Community boards of Brooklyn">Community boards</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_1" title="Brooklyn Community Board 1">1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_2" title="Brooklyn Community Board 2">2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_3" title="Brooklyn Community Board 3">3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_4" title="Brooklyn Community Board 4">4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_5" title="Brooklyn Community Board 5">5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_6" title="Brooklyn Community Board 6">6</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_7" title="Brooklyn Community Board 7">7</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_8" title="Brooklyn Community Board 8">8</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_9" title="Brooklyn Community Board 9">9</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_10" title="Brooklyn Community Board 10">10</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_11" title="Brooklyn Community Board 11">11</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_12" title="Brooklyn Community Board 12">12</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_13" title="Brooklyn Community Board 13">13</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_14" title="Brooklyn Community Board 14">14</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_15" title="Brooklyn Community Board 15">15</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_16" title="Brooklyn Community Board 16">16</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_17" title="Brooklyn Community Board 17">17</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_18" title="Brooklyn Community Board 18">18</a></dd> <dd>Joint interest areas:</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">55</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">56</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brooklyn">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brooklyn" title="Timeline of Brooklyn">Timeline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Brooklyn" title="Category:Brooklyn">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brooklyn,_New_York_City" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brooklyn, New York City">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sheriff_of_Kings_County,_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Teunis_Bergen" class="mw-redirect" title="John Teunis Bergen">John Teunis Bergen</a> (1821-1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Teunis_Bergen" class="mw-redirect" title="John Teunis Bergen">John Teunis Bergen</a> (1828-1831)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_F._Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony F. Campbell (page does not exist)">Anthony F. Campbell</a> (1840)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_F._Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony F. Campbell (page does not exist)">Anthony F. Campbell</a> (1865)</li> <li>Williams (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_R._Stegman" title="Lewis R. Stegman">Lewis R. Stegman</a> (1881-?)</li> <li>Courtney (1892)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_D._Creamer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank D. Creamer (page does not exist)">Frank D. Creamer</a> (1898-1900)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Ebner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William H. Ebner (page does not exist)">William H. Ebner</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crowley_Wentworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crowley Wentworth (page does not exist)">Crowley Wentworth</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Blakeslee_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Blakeslee Law">Charles Blakeslee Law</a> (1912-1913)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_A._Brenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob A. Brenner (page does not exist)">Jacob A. Brenner</a> (1913-1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Riegelmann" title="Edward J. Riegelmann">Edward J. Riegelmann</a> (1915-1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Joseph_Griffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Joseph Griffin">Daniel Joseph Griffin</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Fucito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Fucito (page does not exist)">Joseph Fucito</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;background:#003884; color: #FF6600;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City" title="Template:New York City"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FF6600">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City" title="Template talk:New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FF6600">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FF6600">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FF6600; text-decoration: inherit;">New York City</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_City-related_articles" title="Index of New York City-related articles"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Index of New York City-related articles</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Neighborhoods in New York City">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">ethnic enclaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Architecture of New York City">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Art Deco architecture of New York City">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings,_sites,_and_monuments_in_New_York_City" title="List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City">monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">skyscrapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_City" title="List of people from New York City">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_New_York_City" title="List of companies based in New York City">companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_City" title="Geography of New York City">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_City" title="Climate of New York City">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City" title="Flags of New York City">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_New_York_City" title="Environmental issues in New York City">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_York_City" title="Environment of New York City">environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_water_in_New_York_City" title="Food and water in New York City">food and water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rats_in_New_York_City" title="Rats in New York City">rats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_City" title="Demographics of New York City">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_New_York_City" title="Demographic history of New York City">history</a></li></ul></li> <li>Directories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_directories" title="Brooklyn directories">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_directories" title="New York City directories">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_directories" title="Queens directories">Queens</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wordmark of New York"><img alt="Wordmark of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/60px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/90px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/120px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="29" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Boroughs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> (Bronx County)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brooklyn</a> (Kings County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (New York County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> (Queens County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (Richmond County)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Government</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_elections" title="New York City mayoral elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">Borough presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City" title="Politics of New York City">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">City agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_New_York_City" title="Toilets in New York City">Toilets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_New_York_City" title="List of hospitals in New York City">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_City" title="Crime in New York City">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_York_City" title="Law enforcement in New York City">law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Emergency_Management" title="New York City Emergency Management">Emergency Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Transportation</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transportation_in_New_York_City" title="History of transportation in New York City">History</a></li> <li>Entities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">DOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Transportation" title="New York City Board of Transportation">former BOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Zero_(New_York_City)" title="Vision Zero (New York City)">Vision Zero Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway" title="Staten Island Railway">Staten Island Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="List of bridges and tunnels in New York City">Bridges and tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Streets in New York City">Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Aviation in the New York metropolitan area">Airports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Culture</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_arts_organizations" title="New York City arts organizations">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_about_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Books about New York City">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardens_in_New_York_City" title="Community gardens in New York City">Community gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City" title="Cuisine of New York City">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">Dialect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_markets_in_New_York_City" title="Farmers' markets in New York City">Farmers' markets</a></li> <li>Libraries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Public_Library" title="Queens Public Library">Queens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_New_York_City" title="List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City" title="Music of New York City">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_New_York_City" title="Nicknames of New York City">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Apple" title="Big Apple">Big Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_borough" title="Sixth borough">"Sixth borough"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Sports in the New York metropolitan area">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_New_York_City" title="Traditional games of New York City">Traditional games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_gardens" title="List of New York City gardens">gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_New_York_City_landmarks" title="Lists of New York City landmarks">landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_New_York_City" title="List of parks in New York City">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Education</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">Dept. of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_elementary_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of public elementary schools in New York City">Elementary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of high schools in New York City">High schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_York_City" title="List of colleges and universities in New York City">Colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(prehistory%E2%80%931664)" title="History of New York City (prehistory–1664)">Prehistory-1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1665%E2%80%931783)" title="History of New York City (1665–1783)">1665–1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1784%E2%80%931854)" title="History of New York City (1784–1854)">1784–1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1855%E2%80%931897)" title="History of New York City (1855–1897)">1855–1897</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York City in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bronx" title="West Bronx">Annexed District (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bronx" title="East Bronx">East Bronx expansion (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">1898 expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1898%E2%80%931945)" title="History of New York City (1898–1945)">1898–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1946%E2%80%931977)" title="History of New York City (1946–1977)">1946–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="History of New York City (1978–present)">1978–present</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11 terror attacks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant (2020–2021)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Day_(New_York_City)" title="Moving Day (New York City)">Moving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF"><div> <ul><li><i><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></b></i></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_City" title="Category:New York City">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_metropolitan_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;background:#003884; color: #FF6600;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Template:New York metropolitan area"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FF6600">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Template talk:New York metropolitan area"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FF6600">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York metropolitan area"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FF6600">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FF6600; text-decoration: inherit;">New York metropolitan area</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield County, Connecticut">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterdon_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hunterdon County, New Jersey">Hunterdon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Litchfield County, Connecticut">Litchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroe County, Pennsylvania">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey" title="Morris County, New Jersey">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_County,_Connecticut" title="New Haven County, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Pike County, Pennsylvania">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Somerset County, New Jersey">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/125px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/188px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/250px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />over 100,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon,_New_York" title="Babylon, New York">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_New_York" title="Brookhaven, New York">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey" title="Edison, New Jersey">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_York" title="Huntington, New York">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islip,_New_York" title="Islip, New York">Islip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Lakewood Township, New Jersey">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hempstead,_New_York" title="North Hempstead, New York">North Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay,_New_York" title="Oyster Bay, New York">Oyster Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithtown,_New_York" title="Smithtown, New York">Smithtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbridge_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Woodbridge Township, New Jersey">Woodbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />over 25,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergenfield,_New_Jersey" title="Bergenfield, New Jersey">Bergenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernards_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Bernards Township, New Jersey">Bernards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branford,_Connecticut" title="Branford, Connecticut">Branford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Brick Township, New Jersey">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Bridgewater Township, New Jersey">Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel,_New_York" title="Carmel, New York">Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire,_Connecticut" title="Cheshire, Connecticut">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_New_Jersey" title="Clifton, New Jersey">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt,_New_York" title="Cortlandt, New York">Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastchester,_New_York" title="Eastchester, New York">Eastchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="East Brunswick, New Jersey">East Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Haven,_Connecticut" title="East Haven, Connecticut">East Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="East Orange, New Jersey">East Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Windsor,_New_Jersey" title="East Windsor, New Jersey">East Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englewood,_New_Jersey" title="Englewood, New Jersey">Englewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewing_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Ewing Township, New Jersey">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield, Connecticut">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Lawn,_New_Jersey" title="Fair Lawn, New Jersey">Fair Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Township,_Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey">Franklin Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freehold_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Freehold Township, New Jersey">Freehold Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield,_New_Jersey" title="Garfield, New Jersey">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenburgh,_New_York" title="Greenburgh, New York">Greenburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamden,_Connecticut" title="Hamden, Connecticut">Hamden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Hillsborough Township, New Jersey">Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Howell Township, New Jersey">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Jackson Township, New Jersey">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearny,_New_Jersey" title="Kearny, New Jersey">Kearny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_New_Jersey" title="Livingston, New Jersey">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_York" title="Long Beach, New York">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Branch,_New_Jersey" title="Long Branch, New Jersey">Long Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahwah,_New_Jersey" title="Mahwah, New Jersey">Mahwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamaroneck,_New_York" title="Mamaroneck, New York">Mamaroneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manalapan_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Manalapan Township, New Jersey">Manalapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maplewood,_New_Jersey" title="Maplewood, New Jersey">Maplewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Marlboro Township, New Jersey">Marlboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriden,_Connecticut" title="Meriden, Connecticut">Meriden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Middletown Township, New Jersey">Middletown, NJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Orange_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Middletown, Orange County, New York">Middletown, NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_Connecticut" title="Milford, Connecticut">Milford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olive_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Mount Olive Township, New Jersey">Mount Olive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_New_York" title="Mount Vernon, New York">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naugatuck,_Connecticut" title="Naugatuck, Connecticut">Naugatuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Milford,_Connecticut" title="New Milford, Connecticut">New Milford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">Newburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Connecticut" title="Newtown, Connecticut">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="North Brunswick, New Jersey">North Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Connecticut" title="Norwalk, Connecticut">Norwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bridge_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Old Bridge Township, New Jersey">Old Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_New_Jersey" title="Orange, New Jersey">Orange, NJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossining_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossining (town), New York">Ossining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Tree,_New_York" title="Palm Tree, New York">Palm Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramus,_New_Jersey" title="Paramus, New Jersey">Paramus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsippany%E2%80%93Troy_Hills,_New_Jersey" title="Parsippany–Troy Hills, New Jersey">Parsippany–Troy Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic, New Jersey">Passaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey" title="Perth Amboy, New Jersey">Perth Amboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscataway,_New_Jersey" title="Piscataway, New Jersey">Piscataway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_New_Jersey" title="Plainfield, New Jersey">Plainfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">Poughkeepsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahway,_New_Jersey" title="Rahway, New Jersey">Rahway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph,_New_Jersey" title="Randolph, New Jersey">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverhead,_New_York" title="Riverhead, New York">Riverhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockaway_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Rockaway Township, New Jersey">Rockaway Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_(town),_New_York" title="Rye (town), New York">Rye (town)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelton,_Connecticut" title="Shelton, Connecticut">Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="South Brunswick, New Jersey">South Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Connecticut" title="Stratford, Connecticut">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaneck,_New_Jersey" title="Teaneck, New Jersey">Teaneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toms_River,_New_Jersey" title="Toms River, New Jersey">Toms River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrington,_Connecticut" title="Torrington, Connecticut">Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumbull,_Connecticut" title="Trumbull, Connecticut">Trumbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_City,_New_Jersey" title="Union City, New Jersey">Union City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Township,_Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union Township, Union County, New Jersey">Union Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Wall Township, New Jersey">Wall Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallingford,_Connecticut" title="Wallingford, Connecticut">Wallingford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne,_New_Jersey" title="Wayne, New Jersey">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Haven,_Connecticut" title="West Haven, Connecticut">West Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="West Orange, New Jersey">West Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Windsor,_New_Jersey" title="West Windsor, New Jersey">West Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield,_New_Jersey" title="Westfield, New Jersey">Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westport,_Connecticut" title="Westport, Connecticut">Westport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York" title="White Plains, New York">White Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown,_New_York" title="Yorktown, New York">Yorktown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Jersey" title="Central Jersey">Central Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Connecticut" title="Coastal Connecticut">Coastal Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Danbury" title="Greater Danbury">Greater Danbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Region" title="Gateway Region">Greater Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_New_Haven" title="Greater New Haven">Greater New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Torrington" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Torrington">Greater Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Naugatuck_Valley" title="Central Naugatuck Valley">Greater Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housatonic_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Housatonic Valley">Housatonic Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfield_Hills" title="Litchfield Hills">Litchfield Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocono_Mountains" title="Pocono Mountains">Poconos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raritan_River" title="Raritan River">Raritan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylands_Region" title="Skylands Region">Skylands Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Hills" title="Somerset Hills">Somerset Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchung_Mountains" title="Watchung Mountains">Watchung Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Connecticut">Western Connecticut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003884; color: #FF6600;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Long_Island" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Long_Island_region" title="Template:Long Island region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Long_Island_region" title="Template talk:Long Island region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Long_Island_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Long Island region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Long_Island" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Long_Island" title="Economy of Long Island">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Long_Island" title="Geography of Long Island">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Long_Island" title="History of Long Island">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_on_Long_Island" title="List of law enforcement agencies on Long Island">Policing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Long_Islanders" title="List of Long Islanders">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Long_Island" title="Politics of Long Island">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Long_Island_recreational_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Long Island recreational facilities">Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_on_Long_Island" title="Transportation on Long Island">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_on_Long_Island" title="List of municipalities on Long Island">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="North Shore (Long Island)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="South Shore (Long Island)">South Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_Neck_Peninsula" title="Cow Neck Peninsula">Cow Neck Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Neck,_New_York" title="Great Neck, New York">Great Neck Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Fork,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="North Fork, Suffolk County, New York">North Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Fork,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="South Fork, Suffolk County, New York">South Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer barrier">Barrier islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Island" title="Fire Island">Fire Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kings (Brooklyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Cove,_New_York" title="Glen Cove, New York">Glen Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_York" title="Long Beach, New York">Long Beach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nassau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hempstead,_New_York" title="North Hempstead, New York">North Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay,_New_York" title="Oyster Bay, New York">Oyster Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suffolk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylon (town), New York">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_New_York" title="Brookhaven, New York">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hampton_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="East Hampton (town), New York">East Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_York" title="Huntington, New York">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islip_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Islip (town), New York">Islip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverhead_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverhead (town), New York">Riverhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelter_Island_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter Island (town), New York">Shelter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithtown,_New_York" title="Smithtown, New York">Smithtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton (town), New York">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southold,_New_York" title="Southold, New York">Southold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages and<br /> hamlets with<br /> more than<br /> 10,000<br /> inhabitants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_(village),_New_York" title="Babylon (village), New York">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin,_Nassau_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin, Nassau County, New York">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Shore,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Shore, NY">Bay Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethpage,_New_York" title="Bethpage, New York">Bethpage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commack,_New_York" title="Commack, New York">Commack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dix_Hills,_New_York" title="Dix Hills, New York">Dix Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Rockaway,_New_York" title="East Rockaway, New York">East Rockaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood,_New_York" title="Elwood, New York">Elwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_Park,_New_York" title="Floral Park, New York">Floral Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeport,_New_York" title="Freeport, New York">Freeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York" title="Garden City, New York">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead_(village),_New_York" title="Hempstead (village), New York">Hempstead Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicksville,_New_York" title="Hicksville, New York">Hicksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_(CDP),_New_York" title="Huntington (CDP), New York">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islip_(hamlet),_New_York" title="Islip (hamlet), New York">Islip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Park,_New_York" title="Kings Park, New York">Kings Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Grove,_New_York" title="Lake Grove, New York">Lake Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levittown,_New_York" title="Levittown, New York">Levittown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindenhurst,_New_York" title="Lindenhurst, New York">Lindenhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynbrook,_New_York" title="Lynbrook, New York">Lynbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massapequa,_New_York" title="Massapequa, New York">Massapequa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massapequa_Park,_New_York" title="Massapequa Park, New York">Massapequa Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville,_New_York" title="Melville, New York">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick,_New_York" title="Merrick, New York">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineola,_New_York" title="Mineola, New York">Mineola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_New_York" title="Oceanside, New York">Oceanside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverhead_(CDP),_New_York" title="Riverhead (CDP), New York">Riverhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockville_Centre,_New_York" title="Rockville Centre, New York">Rockville Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchogue,_New_York" title="Patchogue, New York">Patchogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithtown,_New_York" title="Smithtown, New York">Smithtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniondale,_New_York" title="Uniondale, New York">Uniondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Stream,_New_York" title="Valley Stream, New York">Valley Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wantagh,_New_York" title="Wantagh, New York">Wantagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westbury,_New_York" title="Westbury, New York">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Islip,_New_York" title="West Islip, New York">West Islip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages and<br />hamlets with<br /> fewer than <br /> 10,000<br /> inhabitants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amityville,_New_York" title="Amityville, New York">Amityville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asharoken,_New_York" title="Asharoken, New York">Asharoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Beach,_New_York" title="Atlantic Beach, New York">Atlantic Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Estates,_New_York" title="Baxter Estates, New York">Baxter Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayville,_New_York" title="Bayville, New York">Bayville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Terre,_New_York" title="Belle Terre, New York">Belle Terre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellerose,_New_York" title="Bellerose, New York">Bellerose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellerose_Terrace,_New_York" title="Bellerose Terrace, New York">Bellerose Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellport,_New_York" title="Bellport, New York">Bellport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightwaters,_New_York" title="Brightwaters, New York">Brightwaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookville,_New_York" title="Brookville, New York">Brookville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarhurst,_New_York" title="Cedarhurst, New York">Cedarhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Moriches,_New_York" title="Center Moriches, New York">Center Moriches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Island,_New_York" title="Centre Island, New York">Centre Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove_Neck,_New_York" title="Cove Neck, New York">Cove Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dering_Harbor,_New_York" title="Dering Harbor, New York">Dering Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hampton_(village),_New_York" title="East Hampton (village), New York">East Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hills,_New_York" title="East Hills, New York">East Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Williston,_New_York" title="East Williston, New York">East Williston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmingdale,_New_York" title="Farmingdale, New York">Farmingdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_Hill,_New_York" title="Flower Hill, New York">Flower Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Neck_(village),_New_York" title="Great Neck (village), New York">Great Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Neck_Estates,_New_York" title="Great Neck Estates, New York">Great Neck Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Neck_Plaza,_New_York" title="Great Neck Plaza, New York">Great Neck Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenport,_Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Greenport, Suffolk County, New York">Greenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Harbor,_New_York" title="Head of the Harbor, New York">Head of the Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Bay_Park,_New_York" title="Hewlett Bay Park, New York">Hewlett Bay Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Harbor,_New_York" title="Hewlett Harbor, New York">Hewlett Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Neck,_New_York" title="Hewlett Neck, New York">Hewlett Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Bay,_New_York" title="Huntington Bay, New York">Huntington Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Park,_New_York" title="Island Park, New York">Island Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islandia,_New_York" title="Islandia, New York">Islandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_New_York" title="Kensington, New York">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Point,_New_York" title="Kings Point, New York">Kings Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Success,_New_York" title="Lake Success, New York">Lake Success</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattingtown,_New_York" title="Lattingtown, New York">Lattingtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Hollow,_New_York" title="Laurel Hollow, New York">Laurel Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Lawrence, Nassau County, New York">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Harbor,_New_York" title="Lloyd Harbor, New York">Lloyd Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malverne,_New_York" title="Malverne, New York">Malverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorhaven,_New_York" title="Manorhaven, New York">Manorhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matinecock,_New_York" title="Matinecock, New York">Matinecock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Neck,_New_York" title="Mill Neck, New York">Mill Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munsey_Park,_New_York" title="Munsey Park, New York">Munsey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttontown,_New_York" title="Muttontown, New York">Muttontown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hyde_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hyde Park">New Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissequogue,_New_York" title="Nissequogue, New York">Nissequogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Haven,_New_York" title="North Haven, New York">North Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hills,_New_York" title="North Hills, New York">North Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northport,_New_York" title="Northport, New York">Northport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_New_York" title="Ocean Beach, New York">Ocean Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Brookville,_New_York" title="Old Brookville, New York">Old Brookville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Field,_New_York" title="Old Field, New York">Old Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Westbury,_New_York" title="Old Westbury, New York">Old Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay_Cove,_New_York" title="Oyster Bay Cove, New York">Oyster Bay Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandome,_New_York" title="Plandome, New York">Plandome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandome_Heights,_New_York" title="Plandome Heights, New York">Plandome Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandome_Manor,_New_York" title="Plandome Manor, New York">Plandome Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poquott,_New_York" title="Poquott, New York">Poquott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Jefferson,_New_York" title="Port Jefferson, New York">Port Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Washington_North,_New_York" title="Port Washington North, New York">Port Washington North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quogue,_New_York" title="Quogue, New York">Quogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn,_New_York" title="Roslyn, New York">Roslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_Estates,_New_York" title="Roslyn Estates, New York">Roslyn Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_Harbor,_New_York" title="Roslyn Harbor, New York">Roslyn Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Gardens,_New_York" title="Russell Gardens, New York">Russell Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Rock,_New_York" title="Saddle Rock, New York">Saddle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sag_Harbor,_New_York" title="Sag Harbor, New York">Sag Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagaponack,_New_York" title="Sagaponack, New York">Sagaponack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sands_Point,_New_York" title="Sands Point, New York">Sands Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltaire,_New_York" title="Saltaire, New York">Saltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Cliff,_New_York" title="Sea Cliff, New York">Sea Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreham,_New_York" title="Shoreham, New York">Shoreham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Floral_Park,_New_York" title="South Floral Park, New York">South Floral Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_(village),_New_York" title="Southampton (village), New York">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Manor,_New_York" title="Stewart Manor, New York">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomaston,_New_York" title="Thomaston, New York">Thomaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Brookville,_New_York" title="Upper Brookville, New York">Upper Brookville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_of_the_Branch,_New_York" title="Village of the Branch, New York">Village of the Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hampton_Dunes,_New_York" title="West Hampton Dunes, New York">West Hampton Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhampton_Beach,_New_York" title="Westhampton Beach, New York">Westhampton Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williston_Park,_New_York" title="Williston Park, New York">Williston Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_(state)" title="Template:New York (state)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_(state)" title="Template talk:New York (state)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_(state)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York (state)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_York_(state)" title="Outline of New York (state)">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_(state)%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of New York (state)–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of airports in New York (state)">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of New York (state)">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_York_(state)" title="Climate change in New York (state)">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_(state)" title="Crime in New York (state)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Demographics of New York (state)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_(state)" title="Economy of New York (state)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_(state)" title="Education in New York (state)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_(state)" title="Geography of New York (state)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_New_York" title="Gun laws in New York">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_York_(state)" title="Healthcare in New York (state)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_York" title="Homelessness in New York">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New York (state)">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of museums in New York (state)">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_(state)" title="Music of New York (state)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_State" title="Empire State">Nickname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_parks" title="List of New York state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_(state)" title="List of people from New York (state)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_York_(state)" title="Sports in New York (state)">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_symbols" title="List of New York state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_(state)" title="Transportation in New York (state)">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Tourist attractions in New York (state)">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_York" title="Abortion in New York">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_congressional_districts" title="New York's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_York" title="Constitution of New York">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_York" title="United States congressional delegations from New York">Delegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_(state)" title="Government of New York (state)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_York_(state)" title="Law of New York (state)">Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York_Region" title="Central New York Region">Central Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Champlain Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">Tri-State area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelps_and_Gorham_Purchase" title="Phelps and Gorham Purchase">Holland Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Highlands" title="Hudson Highlands">Hudson Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohawk Valley region">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Frontier" title="Niagara Frontier">Niagara Frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge and Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawangunk_Ridge" title="Shawangunk Ridge">Shawangunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_country" title="Ski country">Ski country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southtowns" title="Southtowns">Southtowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_Valley" title="Tech Valley">Tech Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Islands" title="Thousand Islands">Thousand Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_Hill" title="Tug Hill">Tug Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_statistical_areas" title="New York statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> / <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a> / <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York" title="Binghamton, New York">Binghamton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmira,_New_York" title="Elmira, New York">Elmira</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corning_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Corning (city), New York">Corning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glens_Falls,_New_York" title="Glens Falls, New York">Glens Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York" title="Jamestown, New York">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_New_York" title="Watertown, New York">Watertown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegany_County,_New_York" title="Allegany County, New York">Allegany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome_County,_New_York" title="Broome County, New York">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattaraugus_County,_New_York" title="Cattaraugus County, New York">Cattaraugus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York" title="Chautauqua County, New York">Chautauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemung_County,_New_York" title="Chemung County, New York">Chemung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenango_County,_New_York" title="Chenango County, New York">Chenango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_New_York" title="Clinton County, New York">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_New_York" title="Columbia County, New York">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortland_County,_New_York" title="Cortland County, New York">Cortland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_New_York" title="Delaware County, New York">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York" title="Erie County, New York">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_York" title="Essex County, New York">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_New_York" title="Franklin County, New York">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_New_York" title="Fulton County, New York">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_New_York" title="Genesee County, New York">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_New_York" title="Greene County, New York">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_New_York" title="Hamilton County, New York">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_New_York" title="Jefferson County, New York">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_New_York" title="Lewis County, New York">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_New_York" title="Livingston County, New York">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_New_York" title="Madison County, New York">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_New_York" title="Montgomery County, New York">Montgomery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tryon_County,_New_York" title="Tryon County, New York">Tryon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_County,_New_York" title="Niagara County, New York">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York" title="Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_County,_New_York" title="Ontario County, New York">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_County,_New_York" title="Orleans County, New York">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York" title="Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otsego_County,_New_York" title="Otsego County, New York">Otsego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York">Saint Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_County,_New_York" title="Schoharie County, New York">Schoharie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_County,_New_York" title="Schuyler County, New York">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_County,_New_York" title="Seneca County, New York">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steuben_County,_New_York" title="Steuben County, New York">Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_New_York" title="Sullivan County, New York">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioga_County,_New_York" title="Tioga County, New York">Tioga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_County,_New_York" title="Tompkins County, New York">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_York" title="Warren County, New York">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_New_York" title="Washington County, New York">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Province_of_New_York" title="Charlotte County, Province of New York">Charlotte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_New_York" title="Wayne County, New York">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_County,_New_York" title="Wyoming County, New York">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yates_County,_New_York" title="Yates County, New York">Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in New York">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York (state)">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaerswyck" title="Rensselaerswyck">Rensselaerswyck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="History of slavery in New York">History of slavery in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Canada_(1775)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Canada (1775)">Invasion of Canada (1775)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_cessions" title="State cessions">State cessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_(state)" title="Portal:New York (state)">New York (state) portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18419#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18419#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18419#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131953847">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1312516/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpYy9jfQfrX8yKcDx83cP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4224069-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80040311">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14434078x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14434078x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brooklyn (New York, New York)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge427821&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564220505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a71b0d32-7752-49e9-8594-2247ad6ac12c">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/258012579">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046368">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn&oldid=1256886025">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn&oldid=1256886025</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brooklyn" title="Category:Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_City" title="Category:New York 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