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</div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="سام وارنر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سام وارنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Сам Уорнър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сам Уорнър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Warner" title="Sam Warner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sam Warner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="سام وارنر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سام وارنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Warner" title="Sam Warner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sam Warner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B4_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սեմ Ուորներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեմ Ուորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Warner" title="Sam Warner – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sam Warner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Warner" title="Sam Warner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sam Warner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="סם וורנר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סם וורנר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="سام وارنر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سام وارنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Warner" title="Sam Warner – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sam Warner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Warner" title="Sam Warner – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sam Warner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Warner" title="Sam Warner – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sam Warner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Warner" title="Sam Warner – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sam Warner" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1384655#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the United States Copyright Office official, see <a href="/wiki/Sam_Bass_Warner" title="Sam Bass Warner">Sam Bass Warner</a>. For the American congressman, see <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Warner" title="Samuel L. Warner">Samuel L. Warner</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Sam Warner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Warner,_Sam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Warner%2C_Sam.jpg/220px-Warner%2C_Sam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/Warner%2C_Sam.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="324" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Szmuel Wonsal</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1887-08-10</span>)</span>August 10, 1887<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Krasnosielc" title="Krasnosielc">Krasnosielc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 5, 1927<span style="display:none">(1927-10-05)</span> (aged 40)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Home_of_Peace_Cemetery_(East_Los_Angeles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home of Peace Cemetery (East Los Angeles)">Home of Peace Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">S.L. Warner<br />Samuel L. Warner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Film executive<br />Co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1907–1927</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lina_Basquette" title="Lina Basquette">Lina Basquette</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1925)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">brothers <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Warner" title="Albert Warner">Albert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samuel Louis Warner</b> (born <b>Szmuel Wonsal</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-ccny.cuny.edu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccny.cuny.edu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> August 10, 1887 – October 5, 1927) was an American <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">film producer</a> who was the co-founder and <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">chief executive officer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> He established the studio along with his brothers <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Warner" title="Albert Warner">Albert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a>. Sam Warner is credited with procuring the technology that enabled Warner Bros. to produce the film industry's first feature-length talking picture, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas52-62_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas52-62-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in 1927, on the day before the film's enormously successful premiere.<sup id="cite_ref-vindy-10-05-27_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vindy-10-05-27-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samuel "Wonsal"<sup id="cite_ref-ccny.cuny.edu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccny.cuny.edu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sinclairarchives_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinclairarchives-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Wonskolaser",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (then part of <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a>), in the town of <a href="/wiki/Krasnosielc" title="Krasnosielc">Krasnosielc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sinclair_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinclair-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of eleven children born to Benjamin, a shoe maker born in Krasnosielc, and Pearl Leah (née Eichelbaum), both <a href="/wiki/Polish_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Jews">Polish Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had ten siblings. His sisters were Cecilia (1877–1881), Anna (1878–1958), Rose (1890–1955), Fannie (1891–1984) and Sadie (1895–1959). His brothers were <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Hirsz Mojżesz</a> ((1881–1958), and later known as "Harry"), <a href="/wiki/Albert_Warner" title="Albert Warner">Abraham</a> ((1884–1967), later known as "Albert" or "Abe"), <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jacob</a> ((1892–1978), later known as "Jack"), David (1893–1939) and Milton (1896–1915).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> in October 1889 on the steamship <i>Hermann</i> from Bremen, Germany. Their father had preceded them, emigrating to Baltimore in 1888, and following his trade in shoes and shoe repair. He changed the family name to Warner, which was used thereafter. As in many <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> immigrant families, some of the children gradually acquired anglicized versions of their <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>-sounding names. Szmuel became Samuel, nicknamed Sam. </p><p>In Baltimore, Benjamin Warner struggled to make enough money to provide for his growing family.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas11_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas11-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the advice of a friend, Benjamin relocated the family to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, where he attempted to make a living by bartering tin wares to trappers in exchange for furs.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas11_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas11-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After two arduous years in Canada, Benjamin and his family returned to Baltimore.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner23-24_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner23-24-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896, the family relocated to <a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown, Ohio</a>, following the lead of Harry Warner, who established a shoe repair shop in the heart of the emerging industrial town.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner25-26_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner25-26-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benjamin worked with his son Harry in the shoe repair shop until he secured a loan to open a meat counter and grocery store in the city's downtown area.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas12-13_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas12-13-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thomas12_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas12-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a child, Warner found himself trying to find work through a range of various odd jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas15-16_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas15-16-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_business_ventures">Early business ventures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early business ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samuel Warner was the first member of his family to move into the entertainment industry. In the early 1900s, he formed a business partnership with another Youngstown resident and "took over" the city's Old Grand Opera House, which he used as a venue for "cheap vaudeville and photoplays". The venture failed after one summer.<sup id="cite_ref-vindy-yo-12-30-23_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vindy-yo-12-30-23-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warner then secured a job as a <a href="/wiki/Projectionist" title="Projectionist">projectionist</a> at <a href="/wiki/Idora_Park,_Youngstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Idora Park, Youngstown">Idora Park</a>, a local amusement park.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner49_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner49-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He persuaded the family of the new medium's possibilities and negotiated the purchase of a Model B <a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">Kinetoscope</a> from a projectionist who was "down on his luck".<sup id="cite_ref-Warner50_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner50-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purchase price was $1,000.<sup id="cite_ref-ohiomag-march83_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohiomag-march83-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warner's interest in film came after seeing <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Train_Robbery_(1903_film)" title="The Great Train Robbery (1903 film)">The Great Train Robbery</a></i> while working as an employee at <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Point" title="Cedar Point">Cedar Point Pleasure Resort</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Sandusky, Ohio">Sandusky, Ohio</a>. During this time, Albert agreed to join Samuel and together the two displayed showings of <i>The Great Train Robbery</i> at carnivals throughout the states of Ohio and Pennsylvania;<sup id="cite_ref-sperling32_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling32-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sam Warner would run the film projector and Albert would sell tickets.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling32_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling32-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905, Harry Warner agreed to join his two brothers and sold his Youngstown bicycle shop.<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA33_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA33-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the money Harry made by selling the bicycle shop, the three brothers were now able to purchase a building in <a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Pennsylvania" title="New Castle, Pennsylvania">New Castle, Pennsylvania</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-sperling34_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling34-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brothers named their new theater The Cascade Movie Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cascade Movie Palace was so successful that the brothers were able to purchase a second theater in New Castle.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas22_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas22-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makeshift theatre, called the Bijou, was furnished with chairs borrowed from a local undertaker.<sup id="cite_ref-variety-09-13-78_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety-09-13-78-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They maintained the theater until moving into film distribution in 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner55-57_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner55-57-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, the Warner brothers established the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>-based Duquesne Amusement Company, and the three brothers rented an office in the Bakewell building in downtown Pittsburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas22_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas22-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry then sent Sam Warner to New York to purchase, and ship, films for their Pittsburgh exchange company, while he and Albert remained in Pittsburgh to run the business.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas22_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas22-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their business, however, proved lucrative until the advent of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Patents_Company" title="Motion Picture Patents Company">Motion Picture Patents Company</a> (also known as the Edison Trust), which charged distributors exorbitant fees.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner65-66_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner65-66-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909, the brothers sold the Cascade Theater for $40,000, and decided to open a second film exchange in Norfolk, Virginia;<sup id="cite_ref-sperling42_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling42-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through this Norfolk company, younger brother <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jacob</a> (known as "Jack,") following Sam's advice,<sup id="cite_ref-thomas18_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas18-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially joined his three brothers' business and was sent to Norfolk by older brother Harry to serve as Warner's assistant.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling42_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling42-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1910, the Warners would sell the family business, to the General Film Company, for "$10,000 in cash, $12,000 in preferred stock, and payments over a four-year period for a total of $52,000".<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA424434_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA424434-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_of_Warner_Bros.">Formation of Warner Bros.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Formation of Warner Bros."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1910, the Warner brothers pooled their resources and moved into film production.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner73_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner73-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After they sold their business,<sup id="cite_ref-sperling46_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling46-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the brothers lent their support to filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Carl_Laemmle" title="Carl Laemmle">Carl Laemmle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Independent_Moving_Pictures" title="Independent Moving Pictures">Independent Moving Pictures Company</a>, which challenged the monopolistic control of the Edison Trust;<sup id="cite_ref-thomas29_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas29-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the brothers served as distributors for Laemmle's films in Pittsburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling46_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling46-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, Sam would help the brothers earn a $1,500 profit with his film <i>Dante's Inferno</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling4748_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling4748-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of this success, Harry Warner, seeing Edison's monopoly threat grow, decided to break with Laemmle<sup id="cite_ref-sperling46_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling46-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had the brothers start their own film production company, Warner Features.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling51_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling51-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this occurred, Harry Warner, who now had an office in New York with brother Albert,<sup id="cite_ref-sperling54_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling54-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sent Sam and Jack to establish film exchanges in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-thomas29_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas29-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sam would run the company's Los Angeles division while Jack ran the company's San Francisco division.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling54_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling54-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brothers were soon poised to exploit the expanding California movie market.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas29_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas29-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first opportunity to produce a major film came in 1918, when they purchased the film rights for My Four Years in Germany, a bestselling semi autobiographical account by Ambassador <a href="/wiki/James_W._Gerard" title="James W. Gerard">James W. Gerard</a> that condemned German wartime atrocities.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas34-35_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas34-35-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Profits from the success of <i><a href="/wiki/My_Four_Years_in_Germany" title="My Four Years in Germany">My Four Years in Germany</a></i> gave the four brothers the opportunity to establish a studio in the area near <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling66_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling66-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the new Hollywood studio, Warner became co-head of production along with his younger brother, Jack.<sup id="cite_ref-Warner100-101_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner100-101-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this capacity, the two brothers secured new scripts and storylines, managed film production, and looked for ways to reduce production costs.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas34-35_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas34-35-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1919 and 1920, the studio was not profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling71_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling71-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, banker Motley H. Flint—who, unlike most bankers at the time, was not <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a>—<sup id="cite_ref-sperling72_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling72-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> helped the Warners pay off their debts.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling72_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling72-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brothers then decided to relocate their production studio from Culver City to Sunset Boulevard.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas38_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas38-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The studio would also rebound in 1921, after the success of the studio's film <i><a href="/wiki/Why_Girls_Leave_Home_(1921_film)" title="Why Girls Leave Home (1921 film)">Why Girls Leave Home</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling73_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling73-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the film's success, director <a href="/wiki/Harry_Rapf" title="Harry Rapf">Harry Rapf</a> was appointed the studio's new head producer.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas38_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas38-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 4, 1923, following the studio's successful film <i><a href="/wiki/Where_the_North_Begins" title="Where the North Begins">Where the North Begins</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-sperling76_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling76-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warner Brothers, Inc. was officially established.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling77_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling77-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the new company's first big stars would be the dog <a href="/wiki/Rin_Tin_Tin" title="Rin Tin Tin">Rin Tin Tin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling81_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling81-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By directing Rin Tin Tin, newcomer director <a href="/wiki/Daryl_Zanuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Daryl Zanuck">Daryl Zanuck</a>'s career would be greatly advanced.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas45_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas45-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Rin Tin Tin, the studio was also able to gain more success with German film director <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a>, whose first film with the studio, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_Circle" title="The Marriage Circle">The Marriage Circle</a></i>, reached the New York Times Ten Best Films List of 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling83_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling83-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was also the studio's most financially successful film of the year<sup id="cite_ref-sperling83_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling83-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and helped establish Lubitsch as the studio's top director.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling82_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling82-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Warners were also able to add another film to the New York Times Ten Best Films List with <i><a href="/wiki/Beau_Brummel_(1924_film)" title="Beau Brummel (1924 film)">Beau Brummel</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling84_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling84-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the studio's success, the Warners were unable to compete with Paramount, Universal, and First National (The Big Three),<sup id="cite_ref-+NHAR(*_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-+NHAR(*-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were soon threatened to be bought out by the end of 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling8485_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling8485-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this time, Harry Warner would provide more relief for the studio after he was able to purchase Brooklyn's <a href="/wiki/Vitagraph_Studios" title="Vitagraph Studios">Vitagraph Studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling86_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling86-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, Sam Warner had also acquired a radio station, <a href="/wiki/KFWB" title="KFWB">KFWB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling89_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling89-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After acquiring the radio station, Sam decided to make an attempt to use synchronized sound in future Warner Bros. Pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling90_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling90-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a visit to Western Electric's Bell Laboratories headquarters,<sup id="cite_ref-sperling92_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling92-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sam Warner urged his brother, Harry, to sign an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric" title="Western Electric">Western Electric</a> to develop a series of "talking" shorts using the newly upgraded <a href="/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">sound-on-film</a> technology, a sound-on-disc system for motion pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas52-55_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas52-55-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry Warner, however, objected to using synchronized sound in the studio's films.<sup id="cite_ref-sperling94_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sperling94-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By February 1926, the studio had suffered a net loss of $333,413.<sup id="cite_ref-Freedland27_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedland27-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry Warner ultimately agreed to use synchronized sound in Warner Bros. shorts if it was used only for <a href="/wiki/Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">background music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry Warner then made a visit to Western Electric's Bell Laboratories in New York and was impressed.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas5354_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas5354-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One problem confronting the Warners though was that the high-ups at Western Electric were antisemitic.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas5354_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas5354-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sam Warner, however, was able to convince the high-ups to sign with the studio after his wife Lina, who was not Jewish, wore a gold cross at a dinner they attended with the Western Electric brass.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas5354_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas5354-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry Warner then signed a partnership agreement with <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric" title="Western Electric">Western Electric</a> to use Bell Laboratories to test the sound-on-film process.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warner and younger brother Jack then decided to take a big step forward and make <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(1926_film)" title="Don Juan (1926 film)">Don Juan</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1926,<sup id="cite_ref-S(*(_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S(*(-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through the company's partnership with Western Electric, Sam formed a subsidiary known as <a href="/wiki/Vitaphone" title="Vitaphone">Vitaphone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA66989io_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA66989io-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through Vitaphone, the studio released a series of musical shorts and the feature-length <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(1926_film)" title="Don Juan (1926 film)">Don Juan</a></i> (which had a synchronized music track); upon establishing Vitaphone, Sam was also made Vice President of Warner Bros.<sup id="cite_ref-S(*(_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S(*(-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the money <i>Don Juan</i> was able to draw at the box office, it still could not match the expensive budget the brothers put into the film's production.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These vehicles received further tepid responses, and Harry grew increasingly opposed to the venture. </p><p>Around this time, Paramount head Adolph Zukor offered Sam a deal as an executive producer for his studio if he brought Vitaphone with him;<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA1414_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA1414-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the year, Harry had also become the company president.<sup id="cite_ref-milestones_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milestones-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sam Warner, not wanting to take any more of brother Harry's refusal to move forward with using sound in future Warner films, agreed to accept Zukor's offer, but the deal between them died after Paramount lost money in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">Rudolph Valentino</a>'s death.<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA1414_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA1414-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By April 1927, First National, Paramount, MGM, Universal, and <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._De_Mille" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil B. De Mille">Cecil B. De Mille</a>'s Producers Distributing (the Big Five studios) had put the Warners in financial ruin. Western Electric renewed the Warner-Vitaphone contract on the term that Western Electric was no longer exclusive, allowing other film companies to test sound.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas59_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas59-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry Warner eventually agreed to accept Sam's demands.<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA116_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA116-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Warner brothers pushed ahead with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i>, a new Vitaphone feature based on a Broadway play and starring <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a>. <i>The Jazz Singer</i> broke box-office records, establishing Warner Bros. as a major player in Hollywood and single-handedly launching the talkie revolution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1925, after years of bachelorhood,<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA9833_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA9833-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warner met eighteen-year-old <i><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a></i> performer and actress <a href="/wiki/Lina_Basquette" title="Lina Basquette">Lina Basquette</a> while spending time in New York visiting the Bell Laboratories. The two began an intense love affair.<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA97_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA97-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 4, 1925, the two were married.<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA98_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA98-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Warner's younger brother Jack did not object to Basquette's Catholicism, the rest of the Warner family did.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas4849_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas4849-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They refused to accept Basquette and did not acknowledge her as a member of the Warner clan.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas4849_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas4849-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 6, 1926, the couple's only child, daughter Lita, was born.<sup id="cite_ref-HBTHYNA115_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBTHYNA115-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Sam Warner's death in 1927, brother Harry asked Lina Basquette to give up custody of the couple's daughter Lita. Harry Warner claimed he was concerned that little Lita would be raised as Catholic instead of Jewish (according to Basquette, she and Sam Warner agreed to raise any female children they had as Catholic and any male children as Jewish). Harry Warner and his wife offered Lina Basquette large amounts of money to relinquish custody of her daughter but she refused.<sup id="cite_ref-brownlow_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brownlow-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She finally relented after Harry Warner promised her that Lita would receive a $300,000 trust fund ($5.5 million today),<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Harry Warner and his wife awarded legal custody of Lita on March 30, 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basquette quickly regretted her decision and attempted to regain custody of her daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-brownlow_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brownlow-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basquette, however, was never financially stable enough to do so as the Warner family launched several legal suits against her to win back Sam Warner's share of Warner Bros. studio.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She would only see Lita on two occasions over the next twenty years: in 1935, when Harry Warner and his family moved to Los Angeles, and when Lita married Dr. Nathan Hiatt in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basquette and her daughter reconnected in 1977 when Basquette backed a lawsuit that Lita brought against her uncle Jack Warner's estate.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1927, Jack—who was working nonstop with Sam on production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i>—noticed that his brother started having severe headaches and nosebleeds. By the end of the month, Sam was unable to walk straight.<sup id="cite_ref-YHHBTHYNA97_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YHHBTHYNA97-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was hospitalized and was diagnosed with a sinus infection that was aggravated by several <a href="/wiki/Tooth_abscess" class="mw-redirect" title="Tooth abscess">abscessed teeth</a>. Doctors also discovered that Warner had developed a <a href="/wiki/Mastoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastoid">mastoid</a> infection of the brain. After four surgeries to remove the infection, Warner slipped into a coma. He died of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Sinusitis" title="Sinusitis">sinusitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osteomyelitis" title="Osteomyelitis">osteomyelitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epidural_space" title="Epidural space">epidural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subdural_space" title="Subdural space">subdural</a> abscesses on October 5, 1927, the day before the premiere of <i>The Jazz Singer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i>Hollywood Be Thy Name</i>, the 1993 memoir of Jack Warner, Jr., and Cass Warner Sperling, character actor <a href="/wiki/William_Demarest" title="William Demarest">William Demarest</a> claimed that Sam Warner was murdered by his own brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-vindy-10-24-93_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vindy-10-24-93-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allegation, leveled in 1977, was never corroborated, and Demarest's reliability was questioned because of his long dependence on alcohol;<sup id="cite_ref-vindy-10-24-93_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vindy-10-24-93-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last time that Sam would meet with his entire family was at his parents' wedding anniversary in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-YHHBTHYNA97_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YHHBTHYNA97-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crowds of movie stars gathered at the Bresse Brothers funeral parlor to attend Warner's funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-YH'HBT97_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YH'HBT97-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A private memorial service was then held in the Warner Bros. studio on October 9, 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-YH'HBT97p137_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YH'HBT97p137-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is interred in the Warner family mausoleum at <a href="/wiki/Home_of_Peace_Cemetery_(East_Los_Angeles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home of Peace Cemetery (East Los Angeles)">Home of Peace Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Los_Angeles,_California" title="East Los Angeles, California">East Los Angeles, California</a>. </p><p>As the family grieved over Warner's sudden death, the success of <i>The Jazz Singer</i> helped establish Warner Bros. as a major studio. While Warner Bros. invested only $500,000 in the film, the studio reaped $3 million in profits.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas63_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas63-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hollywood's five major studios, which controlled most of the nation's movie theaters, initially attempted to block the growth of "talking pictures".<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas63_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas63-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the face of such organized opposition, Warner Bros. produced twelve "talkies" in 1928 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas63_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas63-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, the newly formed Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences recognized Warner Bros. for "revolutionizing the industry with sound".<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas66_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas66-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For his contribution to the <a href="/wiki/Motion_picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion picture">motion picture</a> industry, Sam Warner has a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> at 6201 <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard" title="Hollywood Boulevard">Hollywood Boulevard</a>. </p><p>A gymnasium was donated by the Warner Brothers family to the Hebrew Orphan Asylum (HOA) of the City of New York on September 30, 1928, in memory of Sam L. Warner and Milton Warner. The HOA was located between 136th to 138th street, fronting Amsterdam Ave, in Hamilton Heights. The HOA was in operation on that site from 1884 to 1941. The buildings were then leased from the City - to the City College of New York (CCNY), in collaboration with the War Department, as a dormitory for returning veterans. The former Main Building was named "Army Hall" and the former Reception House was named "Finley Hall," Warner Gym kept its name. In 1952, the Board of Education built P.S. 192 as a connection to Warner Gym. CCNY traded the HOA property for a public park known as Jasper Oval (on Convent Ave), moving out in 1955. The HOA buildings, with the exception of Warner Gym, were demolished in 1956 to make way for the Jacob H. Schiff Park. Warner Gym can still be seen on 138th Street, close to Hamilton Place. An entrance vestibule just inside the side gate has a memorial stone from the Warner Family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ccny.cuny.edu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ccny.cuny.edu_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ccny.cuny.edu_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/Andrzej-Krakowski-Pens-Books-on-Poles-in-Early-Hollywood">"CCNY Film Professor Pens Two Books While on Sabbatical"</a>. 14 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCNY+Film+Professor+Pens+Two+Books+While+on+Sabbatical&rft.date=2015-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fnews%2FAndrzej-Krakowski-Pens-Books-on-Poles-in-Early-Hollywood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5594424/?ref_=tt_ch">"Pollywood (2020)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Pollywood+%282020%29&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt5594424%2F%3Fref_%3Dtt_ch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bialczynski.pl/2016/04/22/wielcy-polacy-warner-bros-czyli-bracia-wytwornia-zostala-zalozona-przez-braci-warner-aaron-albert-szmul-sam-i-hirsz-harry-wonsal-oraz-jack-itzhak-wonsal/">"Wielcy Polacy - Warner Bros czyli bracia Warner: Aaron (Albert), Szmul (Sam) i Hirsz (Harry) Wonsal oraz Jack (Itzhak) Wonsal - Białczyński"</a>. 22 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wielcy+Polacy+-+Warner+Bros+czyli+bracia+Warner%3A+Aaron+%28Albert%29%2C+Szmul+%28Sam%29+i+Hirsz+%28Harry%29+Wonsal+oraz+Jack+%28Itzhak%29+Wonsal+-+Bia%C5%82czy%C5%84ski&rft.date=2016-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbialczynski.pl%2F2016%2F04%2F22%2Fwielcy-polacy-warner-bros-czyli-bracia-wytwornia-zostala-zalozona-przez-braci-warner-aaron-albert-szmul-sam-i-hirsz-harry-wonsal-oraz-jack-itzhak-wonsal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas52-62-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas52-62_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), pp. 52–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vindy-10-05-27-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vindy-10-05-27_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Warner, Movie Magnate, Dies: Sam Warner, Former Youngstown Man, Rose from Obscurity to Leader in Field". <i>The Youngstown Daily Vindicator</i>. October 5, 1927.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Youngstown+Daily+Vindicator&rft.atitle=Warner%2C+Movie+Magnate%2C+Dies%3A+Sam+Warner%2C+Former+Youngstown+Man%2C+Rose+from+Obscurity+to+Leader+in+Field&rft.date=1927-10-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5594424/?ref_=tt_ch">"Pollywood (2020)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Pollywood+%282020%29&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt5594424%2F%3Fref_%3Dtt_ch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/JE4FZU5ZT7w">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425111146/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JE4FZU5ZT7w">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JE4FZU5ZT7w">"Andrzej Krakowski - Pollywood. Jak stworzyliśmy Hollywood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Andrzej+Krakowski+-+Pollywood.+Jak+stworzyli%C5%9Bmy+Hollywood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJE4FZU5ZT7w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinclairarchives-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sinclairarchives_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair" class="citation web cs1">Sinclair, Doug. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190908233632/http://dougsinclairsarchives.com/benjaminwarnerfamily.htm">"The Family of Benjamin and Pearl Leah (Eichelbaum) Warner: Early Primary Records"</a>. Doug Sinclair's Archives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dougsinclairsarchives.com/benjaminwarnerfamily.htm">the original</a> on 2019-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Family+of+Benjamin+and+Pearl+Leah+%28Eichelbaum%29+Warner%3A+Early+Primary+Records&rft.pub=Doug+Sinclair%27s+Archives&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdougsinclairsarchives.com%2Fbenjaminwarnerfamily.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Bette-Ann Warner, a second cousin to the Warner brothers, in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Brothers_Warner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Brothers Warner (page does not exist)">The Brothers Warner</a></i>, 2008 documentary written and directed by Cass Warner, viewed on <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">Turner Classic Movies</a> March 8, 2010. Bette-Anne Warner's grandfather was a brother of the Warner brothers' father.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinclair-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sinclair_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doug Sinclair, "The Family of Benjamin and Pearl Leah (Eichelbaum) Warner: Early Primary Records," (2008), published at Doug Sinclair's Archives (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417085802/http://dougsinclairsarchives.com/benjaminwarnerfamily.htm">http://dougsinclairsarchives.com/benjaminwarnerfamily.htm</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson2018" class="citation web cs1">Jacobson, Lara (28 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/vocesnovae/vol10/iss1/2/">"The Warner Brothers Prove Their Patriotism"</a>. <i>Chapman University Digital Commons</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chapman+University+Digital+Commons&rft.atitle=The+Warner+Brothers+Prove+Their+Patriotism&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.chapman.edu%2Fvocesnovae%2Fvol10%2Fiss1%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHixson2003" class="citation book cs1">Hixson, Walter L. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CAEyh6EY9kYC&q=polish+jews+warner&pg=PA28"><i>The American Experience in World War II: The atomic bomb in history and memory</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415940283" title="Special:BookSources/9780415940283"><bdi>9780415940283</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Experience+in+World+War+II%3A+The+atomic+bomb+in+history+and+memory&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780415940283&rft.aulast=Hixson&rft.aufirst=Walter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCAEyh6EY9kYC%26q%3Dpolish%2Bjews%2Bwarner%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCocks2004" class="citation book cs1">Cocks, Geoffrey (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nJ9h50sMkOMC&q=polish+jews+warner&pg=PA41"><i>The Wolf at the Door: Stanley Kubrick, History, & the Holocaust</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820471150" title="Special:BookSources/9780820471150"><bdi>9780820471150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wolf+at+the+Door%3A+Stanley+Kubrick%2C+History%2C+%26+the+Holocaust&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780820471150&rft.aulast=Cocks&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnJ9h50sMkOMC%26q%3Dpolish%2Bjews%2Bwarner%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028052512/https://www.californiamuseum.org/museum-news/california-hall-fame-induct-four-warner-brothers">"California Hall of Fame to induct the four Warner brothers"</a>. 17 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.californiamuseum.org/museum-news/california-hall-fame-induct-four-warner-brothers">the original</a> on 28 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+Hall+of+Fame+to+induct+the+four+Warner+brothers&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.californiamuseum.org%2Fmuseum-news%2Fcalifornia-hall-fame-induct-four-warner-brothers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/from-polish-village-to-hollywood-fame-the-polish-movie-mogul-behind-warner-bros-pictures-1350">"From Polish village to Hollywood fame: The Polish movie mogul behind Warner Bros. Pictures"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Polish+village+to+Hollywood+fame%3A+The+Polish+movie+mogul+behind+Warner+Bros.+Pictures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirstnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffrom-polish-village-to-hollywood-fame-the-polish-movie-mogul-behind-warner-bros-pictures-1350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom2010" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (2010). <i>Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins</i> (5 ed.). McFarland. p. 502. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-45763-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-45763-2"><bdi>978-0-786-45763-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Pseudonyms%3A+13%2C000+Assumed+Names+and+Their+Origins&rft.pages=502&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-786-45763-2&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas11-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas11_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas11_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1990" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Bob (1990). <i>Clown Prince of Hollywood: The Antic Life and Times of Jack L. Warner</i>. McGraw-Hill. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1"><bdi>0-07-064259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clown+Prince+of+Hollywood%3A+The+Antic+Life+and+Times+of+Jack+L.+Warner&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-07-064259-1&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner23-24-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner23-24_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), pp. 23–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner25-26-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner25-26_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), pp. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas12-13-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas12-13_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas12-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas12_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas15-16-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas15-16_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), pp. 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vindy-yo-12-30-23-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vindy-yo-12-30-23_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Heard on the Corner: How the Warner Brothers, Movie Producers, Got Their Start". <i>The Youngstown Daily Vindicator</i>. December 30, 1923.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Youngstown+Daily+Vindicator&rft.atitle=Heard+on+the+Corner%3A+How+the+Warner+Brothers%2C+Movie+Producers%2C+Got+Their+Start&rft.date=1923-12-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner49-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner49_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner50-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner50_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohiomag-march83-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ohiomag-march83_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrebilcock1985" class="citation news cs1">Trebilcock, Bob (March 1985). "A Warner Brothers Production: They parlayed Youngstown nickelodeon into a Hollywood empire". <i>Ohio Magazine</i>. pp. 24–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Warner+Brothers+Production%3A+They+parlayed+Youngstown+nickelodeon+into+a+Hollywood+empire&rft.pages=24-25&rft.date=1985-03&rft.aulast=Trebilcock&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling32-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sperling32_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sperling32_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA33-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA33_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling34-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling34_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas22-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas22_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas22_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas22_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1990" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Bob (1990). <i>Clown Prince of Hollywood: The Antic Life and Times of Jack L. Warner</i>. McGraw-Hill. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1"><bdi>0-07-064259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clown+Prince+of+Hollywood%3A+The+Antic+Life+and+Times+of+Jack+L.+Warner&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-07-064259-1&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-variety-09-13-78-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-variety-09-13-78_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Jack L. Warner's Death Closes Out Pioneer Clan of 'Talkies'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Variety</i>. September 13, 1978. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Jack+L.+Warner%27s+Death+Closes+Out+Pioneer+Clan+of+%27Talkies%27&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1978-09-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner55-57-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner55-57_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), pp. 55–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner65-66-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner65-66_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling42-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sperling42_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sperling42_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas18-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas18_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1990" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Bob (1990). <i>Clown Prince of Hollywood: The Antic Life and Times of Jack L. Warner</i>. McGraw-Hill. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1"><bdi>0-07-064259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clown+Prince+of+Hollywood%3A+The+Antic+Life+and+Times+of+Jack+L.+Warner&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-07-064259-1&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA424434-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA424434_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 45-46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner73-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner73_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling46-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sperling46_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sperling46_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sperling46_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas29-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas29_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas29_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas29_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling4748-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling4748_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 47-48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling51-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling51_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling54-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sperling54_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sperling54_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas34-35-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas34-35_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas34-35_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling66-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling66_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner100-101-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner100-101_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warner and Jennings (1964), pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling71-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling71_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling72-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sperling72_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sperling72_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas38-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas38_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas38_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), pp. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling73-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling73_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling76-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling76_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling77-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling77_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling81-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling81_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas45-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas45_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1990" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Bob (1990). <i>Clown Prince of Hollywood: The Antic Life and Times of Jack L. Warner</i>. McGraw-Hill. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1"><bdi>0-07-064259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clown+Prince+of+Hollywood%3A+The+Antic+Life+and+Times+of+Jack+L.+Warner&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-07-064259-1&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling83-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sperling83_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sperling83_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling82-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling82_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling84-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling84_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-+NHAR(*-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-+NHAR(*_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Theatre Owners Open War on Hays". <i>The New York Times</i>. May 12, 1925. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Theatre+Owners+Open+War+on+Hays&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1925-05-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling8485-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling8485_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), <i>Hollywood Be Thy Name</i> p. 84-85, Prima Publishing, ISN:1559583436</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling86-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling86_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), <i>Hollywood Be Thy Name</i> p. 86, Prima Publishing, ISN:1559583436</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling89-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling89_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling90-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling90_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling92-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling92_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas52-55-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas52-55_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), 52–55;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sperling94-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sperling94_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freedland27-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freedland27_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedland1983" class="citation book cs1">Freedland, Michael (1983). <i>The Warner Brothers</i>. St. Martin's Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-85620-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-85620-2"><bdi>0-312-85620-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Warner+Brothers&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-312-85620-2&rft.aulast=Freedland&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner-SperlingMillner,_CorkWarner,_JackWarner,_Jack_Jr.1998" class="citation book cs1">Warner-Sperling, Cass; Millner, Cork; Warner, Jack; Warner, Jack Jr. (January 1998). <i>Hollywood Be Thy Name: The Warner Brothers Story</i>. University Press of Kentucky. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-0958-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-0958-2"><bdi>0-8131-0958-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Be+Thy+Name%3A+The+Warner+Brothers+Story&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1998-01&rft.isbn=0-8131-0958-2&rft.aulast=Warner-Sperling&rft.aufirst=Cass&rft.au=Millner%2C+Cork&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas5354-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas5354_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas5354_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas5354_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1990" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Bob (1990). <i>Clown Prince of Hollywood: The Antic Life and Times of Jack L. Warner</i>. McGraw-Hill. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1"><bdi>0-07-064259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clown+Prince+of+Hollywood%3A+The+Antic+Life+and+Times+of+Jack+L.+Warner&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-07-064259-1&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner-SperlingMillner,_CorkWarner,_JackWarner,_Jack_Jr.1998" class="citation book cs1">Warner-Sperling, Cass; Millner, Cork; Warner, Jack; Warner, Jack Jr. (January 1998). <i>Hollywood Be Thy Name: The Warner Brothers Story</i>. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 94–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-0958-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-0958-2"><bdi>0-8131-0958-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Be+Thy+Name%3A+The+Warner+Brothers+Story&rft.pages=94-95&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1998-01&rft.isbn=0-8131-0958-2&rft.aulast=Warner-Sperling&rft.aufirst=Cass&rft.au=Millner%2C+Cork&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner-SperlingMillner,_CorkWarner,_JackWarner,_Jack_Jr.1998" class="citation book cs1">Warner-Sperling, Cass; Millner, Cork; Warner, Jack; Warner, Jack Jr. (January 1998). <i>Hollywood Be Thy Name: The Warner Brothers Story</i>. University Press of Kentucky. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-0958-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-0958-2"><bdi>0-8131-0958-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Be+Thy+Name%3A+The+Warner+Brothers+Story&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1998-01&rft.isbn=0-8131-0958-2&rft.aulast=Warner-Sperling&rft.aufirst=Cass&rft.au=Millner%2C+Cork&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S(*(-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S(*(_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S(*(_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125031810/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731079,00.html">"Milestones: Oct. 17, 1927"</a>. <i>Time</i>. October 17, 1927. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731079,00.html">the original</a> on November 25, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Milestones%3A+Oct.+17%2C+1927&rft.date=1927-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C731079%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA66989io-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA66989io_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner-SperlingMillner,_CorkWarner,_JackWarner,_Jack_Jr.1998" class="citation book cs1">Warner-Sperling, Cass; Millner, Cork; Warner, Jack; Warner, Jack Jr. (January 1998). <i>Hollywood Be Thy Name: The Warner Brothers Story</i>. University Press of Kentucky. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-0958-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-0958-2"><bdi>0-8131-0958-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Be+Thy+Name%3A+The+Warner+Brothers+Story&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1998-01&rft.isbn=0-8131-0958-2&rft.aulast=Warner-Sperling&rft.aufirst=Cass&rft.au=Millner%2C+Cork&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA1414-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA1414_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA1414_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-milestones-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-milestones_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011175648/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,863684-1,00.html">"Milestones"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 1958-08-04. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,863684-1,00.html">the original</a> on October 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Milestones&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1958-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C863684-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas59-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas59_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA116-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA116_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA9833-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA9833_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 33-98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA97-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA97_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA98-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA98_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas4849-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas4849_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas4849_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1990" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Bob (1990). <i>Clown Prince of Hollywood: The Antic Life and Times of Jack L. Warner</i>. McGraw-Hill. pp. 48, 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1"><bdi>0-07-064259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clown+Prince+of+Hollywood%3A+The+Antic+Life+and+Times+of+Jack+L.+Warner&rft.pages=48%2C+49&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-07-064259-1&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBTHYNA115-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBTHYNA115_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brownlow-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brownlow_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brownlow_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownlow1994" class="citation news cs1">Brownlow, Kevin (October 8, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-lina-basquette-1441595.html">"Obituary: Lina Basquette"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Lina+Basquette&rft.date=1994-10-08&rft.aulast=Brownlow&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-lina-basquette-1441595.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1991" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Kevin (August 23, 1991). "Lina Basquette: Her Life Is Screenplay Material Movies". <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Lina+Basquette%3A+Her+Life+Is+Screenplay+Material+Movies&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1991-08-23&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyman1997" class="citation book cs1">Eyman, Scott (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/speedofsoundholl00eyma"><i>The Speed of Sound: Hollywood and the Talkie Revolution 1926-1930</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/speedofsoundholl00eyma/page/361">361</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-439-10428-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-439-10428-X"><bdi>1-439-10428-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Speed+of+Sound%3A+Hollywood+and+the+Talkie+Revolution+1926-1930&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-439-10428-X&rft.aulast=Eyman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspeedofsoundholl00eyma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner_SperlingMillnerWarner1994" class="citation book cs1">Warner Sperling, Cass; Millner, Cork; Warner, Jack (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781559583435/page/265"><i>Hollywood Be Thy Name: The Warner Brothers Story</i></a></span>. Prima Pub. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781559583435/page/265">265</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-559-58343-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-559-58343-6"><bdi>1-559-58343-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Be+Thy+Name%3A+The+Warner+Brothers+Story&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Prima+Pub.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-559-58343-6&rft.aulast=Warner+Sperling&rft.aufirst=Cass&rft.au=Millner%2C+Cork&rft.au=Warner%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781559583435%2Fpage%2F265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YHHBTHYNA97-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YHHBTHYNA97_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YHHBTHYNA97_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eyman 1997 pp.137-138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PjEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6aYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2564,345070&dq=sam+warner+lina+lita&hl=en">"Sam Warner, Noted Film Magnate Dies"</a>. <i>Berkeley Daily Gazette</i>. October 5, 1927. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berkeley+Daily+Gazette&rft.atitle=Sam+Warner%2C+Noted+Film+Magnate+Dies&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1927-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DPjEiAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D6aYFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2564%2C345070%26dq%3Dsam%2Bwarner%2Blina%2Blita%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vindy-10-24-93-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vindy-10-24-93_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vindy-10-24-93_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Warner brothers book covers Valley roots, Hollywood highs". <i>The Vindicator</i>. October 24, 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vindicator&rft.atitle=Warner+brothers+book+covers+Valley+roots%2C+Hollywood+highs&rft.date=1993-10-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YH'HBT97-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YH'HBT97_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YH'HBT97p137-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YH'HBT97p137_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sperling, Millner, and Warner (1998), p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas63-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas63_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas63_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas63_93-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas66-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas66_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (1990), p. 66.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrakowski2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Krakowski" title="Andrzej Krakowski">Krakowski, Andrzej</a> (2011). <i>Pollywood: jak stworzyliśmy Hollywood (Pollywood. How we created Hollywood)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0481-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0481-1"><bdi>978-0-7432-0481-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pollywood%3A+jak+stworzyli%C5%9Bmy+Hollywood+%28Pollywood.+How+we+created+Hollywood%29&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-0481-1&rft.aulast=Krakowski&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrakowski2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Krakowski" title="Andrzej Krakowski">Krakowski, Andrzej</a> (2011). <i>Pollywood: jak stworzyliśmy Hollywood (Pollywood. How we created Hollywood)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0481-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0481-1"><bdi>978-0-7432-0481-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pollywood%3A+jak+stworzyli%C5%9Bmy+Hollywood+%28Pollywood.+How+we+created+Hollywood%29&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-0481-1&rft.aulast=Krakowski&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Thomas, Bob (1990). <i>Clown Prince of Hollywood: The Antic Life and Times of Jack L. Warner</i>. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-064259-1">0-07-064259-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarnerJennings1964" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Jack L.; Jennings, Dean (1964). <i>My First Hundred Years in Hollywood</i>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007DZSKW">B0007DZSKW</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+First+Hundred+Years+in+Hollywood&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0007DZSKW%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Jack+L.&rft.au=Jennings%2C+Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASam+Warner" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Warner_Bros._films" title="Lists of Warner Bros. films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Studios" title="DC Studios">DC Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures_Animation" title="Warner Bros. Pictures Animation">Warner Bros. Pictures Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_Entertainment" title="Castle Rock Entertainment">Castle Rock Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagship_Entertainment_Group" title="Flagship Entertainment Group">Flagship Entertainment Group</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass_Media_Group" title="Spyglass Media Group">Spyglass Media Group</a> (minor)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Warner_Bros._2023_(Print).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Warner_Bros._2023_%28Print%29.svg/100px-Warner_Bros._2023_%28Print%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Warner_Bros._2023_%28Print%29.svg/150px-Warner_Bros._2023_%28Print%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Warner_Bros._2023_%28Print%29.svg/200px-Warner_Bros._2023_%28Print%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Television_Studios" title="Warner Bros. Television Studios">Warner Bros. Television Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alloy_Entertainment" title="Alloy Entertainment">Alloy Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepictures" title="Telepictures">Telepictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Good_Production" title="A Very Good Production">A Very Good Production</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_Studios" title="Cartoon Network Studios">Cartoon Network Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Animation" title="Warner Bros. Animation">Warner Bros. Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera_Studios_Europe" title="Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe">Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Entertainment" title="Turner Entertainment">Turner Entertainment Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Film_Productions" title="Wang Film Productions">Wang Film Productions</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Lane_Lea_Studios" title="De Lane Lea Studios">De Lane Lea Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Theatre_Ventures" title="Warner Bros. Theatre Ventures">Warner Bros. Theatre Ventures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studios_Burbank" title="Warner Bros. Studios Burbank">Burbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studios_Leavesden" title="Warner Bros. Studios Leavesden">Leavesden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Productions" title="Sunset Productions">Sunset Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaterTower_Music" title="WaterTower Music">WaterTower Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former/defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC_Universe_(streaming_service)" title="DC Universe (streaming service)">DC Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DramaFever" title="DramaFever">DramaFever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleveneleven" title="Eleveneleven">eleveneleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Line_Features" title="Fine Line Features">Fine Line Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera" title="Hanna-Barbera">Hanna-Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooq" title="Hooq">Hooq</a> (17.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Midway Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Home_Entertainment" title="New Line Home Entertainment">New Line Home Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infinifilm" title="Infinifilm">Infinifilm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Television" title="New Line Television">New Line Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturehouse_(company)" title="Picturehouse (company)">Picturehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_Productions" title="Shed Productions">Shed Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowblind_Studios" title="Snowblind Studios">Snowblind Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surreal_Software" title="Surreal Software">Surreal Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_WB_100%2B_Station_Group" title="The WB 100+ Station Group">The WB 100+ Station Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Premiere" title="Warner Premiere">Warner Premiere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raw_Feed" title="Raw Feed">Raw Feed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Family_Entertainment" title="Warner Bros. Family Entertainment">Warner Bros. Family Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Independent_Pictures" title="Warner Independent Pictures">Warner Independent Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Sogefilms" title="Warner Sogefilms">Warner Sogefilms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Abdy" title="Pamela Abdy">Pamela Abdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_Dungey" title="Channing Dungey">Channing Dungey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_De_Luca" title="Michael De Luca">Michael De Luca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HBO_Films" title="HBO Films">HBO Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)" title="Max (streaming service)">Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery%2B" title="Discovery+">Discovery+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizarding_World" title="Wizarding World">Wizarding World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_Films" title="CNN Films">CNN Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Parent: <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1384655#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1384655#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1384655#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3248158915894350000009">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcxpJJRkBF86BC39cByd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1209513072">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1209513072">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&oldid=1244859888">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sam_Warner&oldid=1244859888</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century American businesspeople">20th-century American businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century 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