Adaptive Optics

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/","20210418015804","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1618711084"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <base target="_top"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="author" content="information@eso.org"/> <meta name="description" content="ESO, European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"/> <meta name="keywords" content="ESO, eso.org, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astronomie, Suedsternwarte, telescopes, detectors, comets, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, universe, NTT, VLT, VLTI, ALMA, ELT, La Silla, Paranal, Garching, Chile"/> <link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="x-default"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="en-au"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="en-gb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="en-ie"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="en-us"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="sq"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="cs"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="da"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="nl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="nl-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="fi"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/france/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="fr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="fr-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="fr-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="de"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="de-at"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="de-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="de-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/greece/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="el"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="hu"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="is"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="it"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="it-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="nb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="pl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="pt-br"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="pt"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="ru"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="es"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="es-cl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="sr-latn"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="sv"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="tr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" hreflang="uk"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/favicon.ico"/> <title>Adaptive Optics | ESO</title> <link href="/web/20210418015804cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/main.309790640f56.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoTopNews" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Top News"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoAnnouncements" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Announcements"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://feeds.feedburner.com/ESOcast" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOCast"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://recruitment.eso.org/jobs.rss" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Jobs@ESO"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/feed/" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOblog"/>  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ESO"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ESO"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="/mtmo/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <meta property="og:title" content="Adaptive Optics"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Astronomers have turned to a method called adaptive optics. Sophisticated, deformable mirrors controlled by computers can correct in real-time for the distortion caused by the turbulence of the Earth's atmosphere, making the images obtained almost as sharp as those taken in space. Adaptive optics allows the corrected optical system to observe finer details of much fainter astronomical objects than is otherwise possible from the ground. This page displays information about this technology."/> <meta name="description" content="Astronomers have turned to a method called adaptive optics. Sophisticated, deformable mirrors controlled by computers can correct in real-time for the distortion caused by the turbulence of the Earth's atmosphere, making the images obtained almost as sharp as those taken in space. Adaptive optics allows the corrected optical system to observe finer details of much fainter astronomical objects than is otherwise possible from the ground. This page displays information about this technology."/> </head> <body> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ULUkwb4yEOwt19u31Fvxy9FEL4NFOb6zQWuc1wEFo6fqoOVZpKAfZxumC2H5BH5m"/> <div id="privacy-notice" style="display: none"> <p> By continuing to use this website, you are giving consent to our use of cookies.<br> For more information on how ESO uses data and how you can disable cookies, please view <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> our privacy policy</a>. </p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="accept_privacy_notice()"> Accept </button> <script> // Display the privacy cookie if the cookie is not set if (!has_privacy_cookie()) { document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'block' } function has_privacy_cookie() { return document.cookie.split(';').filter(function(item) { return item.indexOf('privacy_notice_accepted=True') >= 0 }).length > 0 } function accept_privacy_notice() { let data = { LANGUAGE_CODE: 'en' } let csrftoken = getCookie('csrftoken'); let headers = new Headers(); headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'); headers.append('X-CSRFToken', csrftoken); fetch('/public/accept-privacy-notice/', { method: 'post', headers: headers, credentials: 'include', body: JSON.stringify(data) }).then( document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'none' ) } function getCookie(name) { var cookieValue = null; if (document.cookie && document.cookie !== '') { var cookies = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]); // Does this cookie string begin with the name we want? if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) { cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1)); break; } } } return cookieValue; } </script> </div> <nav class="navbar-general-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="navbar-general"> <div class="minilogo"> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div class="sprites-esologo-23-30" title="European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"></div> </a> </div> <div id="select-language"> <div class="flags"> <div title="Austria" class="sprites-flag_at"></div> <div title="Belgium" class="sprites-flag_be"></div> <div title="Czech Republic" class="sprites-flag_cz"></div> <div title="Denmark" class="sprites-flag_da"></div> <div title="Finland" class="sprites-flag_fi"></div> <div title="France" class="sprites-flag_fr"></div> <div title="Germany" class="sprites-flag_de"></div> <div title="Ireland" class="sprites-flag_ie"></div> <div title="Italy" class="sprites-flag_it"></div> <div title="Netherlands" class="sprites-flag_nl"></div> <div title="Poland" class="sprites-flag_pl"></div> <div title="Portugal" class="sprites-flag_pt"></div> <div title="Spain" class="sprites-flag_es"></div> <div title="Sweden" class="sprites-flag_sv"></div> <div title="Switzerland" class="sprites-flag_ch"></div> <div title="UK" class="sprites-flag_gb"></div> <div style="margin-left: 8px" title="Chile" class="sprites-flag_cl"></div> </div> <div class="languages"> <div class="language-button"> <span class="language-text">Select Language (en)</span> <div class="language-flag"><div title="en" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div><span> (en)</span></div> <span class="caret"></span> </div> <ul class="languages-dropdown" role="menu"> <li class="language selected"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="International English" class="flag sprites-flag_en"> </div>International English</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Dansk" class="flag sprites-flag_da"> </div>Dansk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Deutsch" class="flag sprites-flag_de"> </div>Deutsch</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Belgien)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Deutsch (Belgien)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Schweiz)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Deutsch (Schweiz)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Österreich)" class="flag sprites-flag_at"> </div>Deutsch (Österreich)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="English (Australia)" class="flag sprites-flag_au"> </div>English (Australia)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="English (Ireland)" class="flag sprites-flag_ie"> </div>English (Ireland)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="English (UK)" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div>English (UK)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="English (USA)" class="flag sprites-flag_us"> </div>English (USA)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Español" class="flag sprites-flag_es"> </div>Español</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Español (Chile)" class="flag sprites-flag_cl"> </div>Español (Chile)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/france/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Français" class="flag sprites-flag_fr"> </div>Français</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Français (Belgique)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Français (Belgique)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Français (Suisse)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Français (Suisse)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Italiano" class="flag sprites-flag_it"> </div>Italiano</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Italiano (Svizzera)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Italiano (Svizzera)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Magyarország" class="flag sprites-flag_hu"> </div>Magyarország</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Nederlands" class="flag sprites-flag_nl"> </div>Nederlands</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Nederlands (België)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Nederlands (België)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Norsk" class="flag sprites-flag_nb"> </div>Norsk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Polski" class="flag sprites-flag_pl"> </div>Polski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Português" class="flag sprites-flag_pt"> </div>Português</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Português (Brasil)" class="flag sprites-flag_br"> </div>Português (Brasil)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Shqip" class="flag sprites-flag_sq"> </div>Shqip</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Srpski" class="flag sprites-flag_sr-latn"> </div>Srpski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Suomi" class="flag sprites-flag_fi"> </div>Suomi</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Svenska" class="flag sprites-flag_sv"> </div>Svenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Türkçe" class="flag sprites-flag_tr"> </div>Türkçe</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Íslenska" class="flag sprites-flag_is"> </div>Íslenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Česky" class="flag sprites-flag_cs"> </div>Česky</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="Русский" class="flag sprites-flag_ru"> </div>Русский</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/?lang"><div title="українська" class="flag sprites-flag_uk"> </div>українська</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="sections"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/sci.html">Science</a> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/UserPortal/">User Portal</a> </div> <div class="searchbox"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="searchbox-button"> <span class="fa fa-search"></span> </button> <div id="searchbox-dropdown"> <form action="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/search/" method="get" class="form-inline" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" value="" placeholder="Search..." name="q" class="form-control"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"><span class="fa fa-search"></span></button> </span> </div>   </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="links"> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe</a> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/">Contact</a> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/sitemap/">Site Map</a> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="main-menu-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="mobile-menu clearfix"> <button class="menu-trigger"><span class="fa fa-navicon"></span> Open Menu</button> </div> <ul class="level0 mainmenu-aim"> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/">About<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-2" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/esoglance/"> ESO, the European Southern Observatory </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/organisation/"> Organisation </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/"> Director General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-5" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/previous-dg/"> List of Directors General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-6" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/xbarcons/"> Prof. Xavier Barcons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/tdezeeuw/"> Prof. T. de Zeeuw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ccesarsk/"> Dr. C. Cesarsky </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/rgiacconi/"> Prof. R. Giacconi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/hvanderlaan/"> Prof. H. van der Laan </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/lwoltjer/"> Prof. L. Woltjer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/"> Prof. A. Blaauw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/otto-heckmann/"> Prof. O. Heckmann </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/committees.html"> ESO's Governing Bodies </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/"> Member States <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-16" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/austrianinvolvement/"> Austria </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/belgianinvolvement/"> Belgium </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/czechinvolvement/"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/danishinvolvement/"> Denmark </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/finnishinvolvement/"> Finland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/frenchinvolvement/"> France </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/germaninvolvement/"> Germany </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/irishinvolvement/"> Ireland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/italianinvolvement/"> Italy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/"> Netherlands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/polishinvolvement/"> Poland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/portugueseinvolvement/"> Portugal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/spanishinvolvement/"> Spain </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swedishinvolvement/"> Sweden </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swissinvolvement/"> Switzerland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/britishinvolvement/"> United Kingdom </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/"> Travel and Contacts <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-33" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/garching/"> Travel to ESO Headquarters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/vitacura/"> Travel to Vitacura Office </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/guesthouse/"> Travel to Guesthouse </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/lasilla/"> Travel to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/laserena/"> Travel to La Serena </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/paranal/"> Travel to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/antofagasta/"> Travel to Antofagasta </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/apexsequitor/"> Travel to APEX/Sequitor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/chajnantor/"> Travel to Chajnantor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/elt/"> Travel to ELT Armazones </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/"> Visits to ESO Sites <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-44" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/paranal/"> Weekend visits to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/lasilla/"> Weekend Visits to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/alma/"> Public Visits to the ALMA OSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/societal-benefits/"> ESO and Society </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/"> ESO & Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/architecture/"> Architecture at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/collaborations/"> Collaborations with ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/acronyms/"> ESO Acronyms </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/timeline/"> Timeline </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/green/"> Green ESO </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/"> Frequently Asked Questions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-56" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso/"> ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-vlt-paranal/"> VLT/Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-apex-alma/"> APEX/ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-survey-telescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://elt.eso.org/about/faq/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/privileges_and_immunities/"> Privileges and Immunities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso-australia/"> ESO & Australia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/"> Dark skies preservation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> Terms and Conditions </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/">Images<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-66" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-68" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/360pano/ "> 360 Panorama </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/chile/"> Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/eso-supernova/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/illustrations/"> Illustrations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/peopleandevents/"> People and Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/comparisons/"> Image Comparisons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/imageformats/"> Image Formats </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/"> Picture of the Week <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-93" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/top100/"> Top 100 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-109" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-large.zip"> Large JPG Zip File (1.9 GB) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-original.zip"> Original TIF Zip File (32.9 GB) </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Images and Videos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/wallpapers/"> Wallpapers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/zoomable/"> Zoomable </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/">Videos<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-115" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-117" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/abouteso/"> About ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/compilations/"> Compilations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/"> ESOcast </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/events/"> Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/featuremovies/"> Feature Movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/vnr/"> Video News Releases </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Videos and Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/videoformats/"> Video Formats </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/">News<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-142" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/"> Press Releases <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-143" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2021-2030 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-144" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2011–2020 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-146" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2001–2010 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-157" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2006/"> 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2005/"> 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2004/"> 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2003/"> 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2002/"> 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2001/"> 2001 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1991–2000 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-168" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2000/"> 2000 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1999/"> 1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1998/"> 1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1997/"> 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1996/"> 1996 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1995/"> 1995 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1994/"> 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1993/"> 1993 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1992/"> 1992 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1991/"> 1991 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1985–1990 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-179" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1990/"> 1990 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1989/"> 1989 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1988/"> 1988 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1987/"> 1987 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1986/"> 1986 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1985/"> 1985 </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/"> Announcements <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-186" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/news/starsateso/"> Stars@ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/webupdates/"> New on eso.org </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/"> Press Room <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-202" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/broadcast/"> Broadcast Services </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Copyright Notice </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/"> ESO Newsletters <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-206" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/esonews/"> ESO News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/outreach/"> ESO Outreach Community Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/newsletter/"> ESO Science Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/#2"> ESO Media Newsletter </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/presscoverage/"> Press Coverage </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/">ESOshop<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-212" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/"> Shop Products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-213" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/annualreport/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/book/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/brochure/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/calendar/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/capjournal/"> CAPjournals </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/conferenceitem/"> Conferences </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/donation/"> Donations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/media/"> DVDs/Bluray/CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/educationalmaterial/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/supernovaactivity/"> ESO Supernova Activities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/flyer/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/handout/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/map/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/messenger/"> Messengers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/mountedimage/"> Mounted Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/postcard/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/printedposter/"> Posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/technicaldocument/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/sticker/"> Stickers </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/cart/"> View shopping cart </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/checkout/"> Checkout </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Information <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-237" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/bulk_orders/"> Bulk Orders </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Purchasing Steps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/payment/"> Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shipping/"> Shipping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shopstaff/"> Staff Shopping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/terms/"> Terms & Conditions </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/freeorder/"> Free Orders for Educators and Media </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="current"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/">Telescopes & Instruments<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1 current"> <ul id="submenu-aim-245" class="submenu-aim selected current"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-246" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-247" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-248" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/"> CRIRES+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-277" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-283" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-284" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-290" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-297" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-298" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-300" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-307" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-321" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-328" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-332" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-342" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-347" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-351" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-354" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-357" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-360" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-363" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-375" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-390" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-397" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current current-leaf"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=" current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-404" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-411" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-413" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann18065/"> Open House Day 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/asteroid-day/"> Asteroid Day </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse17/"> Open House Day 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16071/"> Open House Day 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/MeetESO/"> #MeetESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse15/"> Long Night of Science 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2014/"> ASTRONET 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse14/"> Open House Day 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eeltblast/"> ELT Groundbreaking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/cafe-and-kosmos/"> Café & Kosmos in Munich </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse13/"> Open House Day 2013 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/"> ASTRONET 2013 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-425" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/dates/"> Important Dates </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/registration/"> Registration, Fees and Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/abstracts/"> Abstract Submission </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/venue/"> Workshop Venue </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/practical_information/"> Practical Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/accommodation/"> Accommodation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/organisers_partners/"> Organisers & Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/contact/"> Contact </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/schedule/"> Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/participants/"> Participants </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/"> ESO 50 Years <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-436" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/message/"> Message from the DG </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/50highlights50years/"> Fifty Highlights </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/competitions/"> Competitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/twitter/"> Twitter Feed </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/webcast/"> Webcast </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/"> Europe to the Stars <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-442" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/news/"> News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/movie/"> Movie </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/book/"> Book </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/reviews/"> Reviews </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/bios/"> Bios </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/offers/"> Purchase Offers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/press/"> For the Press </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/contact/"> Contact Us </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years-in-chile/"> 50 years of ESO in Chile </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/"> Awesome Universe <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-452" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/venues/"> List of venues </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/organisers/"> For Exhibitors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/iya2009/"> IYA 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/100ha/"> 100 Hours of Astronomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/theeye/"> The Eye 3D </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/imax-hidden-universe/"> IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse11/"> Open House Day 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse09/"> Open House Day 2009 (German) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/bond/"> Bond at Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/lndw-2007eng/"> Long Night of Science 2007 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/"> Open House Day 2006 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-463" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/ohd06-winnerslist/"> List of Prize Winners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06/"> Deutsche Fassung </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06-gewinnerliste/"> Liste der Preisgewinner </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/pt-011203/"> Public Talks 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eso40years/"> ESO 40 Years (1962 - 2002) </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-469" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/perma_exhibitions/"> ESO Permanent Exhibitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-474" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-487" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-488" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2017/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://web.archive.org/web/20190722044743/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2016/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160701/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2015/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://web.archive.org/web/20190321214717/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2014/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-496" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2013"> Catch a Star 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2011"> Catch a Star 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2008/"> Catch a Star 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2007/"> Catch a Star 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2005/"> Catch a Star 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/"> Catch a Star 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2003/"> Catch a Star 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2002/"> Catch a Star 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-509" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eson/"> ESO Science Outreach Network </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/"> Collaborations in Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-512" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eso-ambassadors/"> ESO Outreach Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/organisations/"> ESO Outreach Partner Organisations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/educators/"> Informal Educators </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://eso.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=c35dd77ef962de779092c970b&id=bd58d6ae8d"> Outreach Newsletter Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/photo-ambassadors/"> ESO Photo Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/music-ambassadors/"> ESO Music Ambassadors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/first-picture-of-a-black-hole/blog/"> Taking the First Picture of a Black Hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/communication-resources/"> Astronomy Communication Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/gems/"> Cosmic Gems </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/social/"> Social Media </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/"> Ultra HD Expedition <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-525" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/team/"> Meet our Heroes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/journey/"> Journey Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/equipment/"> Equipment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/technology-partners/"> Technology Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/blog/"> Blog </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/for_planetariums/"> For Planetariums </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/webcams/"> Webcams </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/your_eso_pictures/"> Your ESO Pictures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/astroprize/"> European Astronomy Journalism Prize </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/"> Hidden Treasures <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-535" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/rules/"> Hidden Treasures Rules </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/instructions/"> Hidden Treasures Instructions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/science_archive/"> Hidden Treasures Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.flickr.com/groups/esohiddentreasures/"> Flickr Upload </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/"> Our Team <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-540" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/students/"> Students and Visitors </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://supernova.eso.org/join-us/"> Join us </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://supernova.eso.org/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/art/"> Art at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/data2dome/"> Data2Dome </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/"> ESOblog </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/">Products<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-547" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Audiovisual and multimedia <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-548" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/models3d/"> 3D models </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/applications/"> Apps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/media/"> DVDs and CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/imaxfilms/"> IMAX movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/minisites/"> Mini-sites </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/music/"> Music </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/planetariumshows/"> Planetarium shows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presentations/"> Presentations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualtours/"> Virtual Tours </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Periodicals <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-558" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/messengers/"> Messenger </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/capjournals/"> CAP Journal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/schools/"> Science in School </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Print products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-562" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/annualreports/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/books/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/brochures/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/bulletins/"> Bulletins </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/calendars/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/conf_posters/"> Conference posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/flyers/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/handouts/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/maps/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presskits/"> Press kits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/reports/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/postcards/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stickers/"> Stickers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/print_posters/"> Printed posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/papermodels/"> Paper models </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-578" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/mountedimages/"> Mounted images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stationery/"> Stationery </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Electronic products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-583" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/electroniccards/"> Electronic cards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/elec_posters/"> Electronic posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/epublications/"> ePublications </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/exhibitions/"> Exhibition material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/products/logos/"> Logos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/"> Order in ESOshop </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/">Business@ESO<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-591" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/cp.html"> Procurement at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://www.eso.org/public/industry/events/"> Industry Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/"> Technology Transfer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-594" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/technology-developed-by-industry-or-institutes/"> Technology Developed by Industries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/develeso/"> Novel technologies by ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/developments/"> ESO know-how </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/"> Future Projects <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-598" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/elt/"> Working with the ELT </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety.html"> Safety <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-600" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/emergency.html"> Emergency & Evacuation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/traffic.html"> Traffic & Parking at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/contractors.html"> Contractors at ESO </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/contact/"> Contact Information </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://recruitment.eso.org/">Jobs<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-605" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://recruitment.eso.org/"> Recruitment </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/"> Employment Conditions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-607" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/intstaff/"> International Staff Members </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/localstaff/"> Local Staff Members (Spanish / English) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/fellows/"> Fellows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/students/"> Students </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/paidassoc/"> Paid Associates </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/pes/"> Human Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/grants/"> Grants </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/how_to_use/"> How to use this site </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="content" class=""> <div id="eso-side-logo"> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div data-spy="affix" class="affix"> <div class="sprites-esologo"></div> <span>European<br>Southern<br>Observatory</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>Adaptive Optics</h1> <p>Although <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/">active optics</a> can ensure that a telescope's main mirror always retains a perfect shape, the turbulence of the Earth's atmosphere distorts images obtained at even the best sites in the world for astronomy, including Paranal in Chile, home of ESO's <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/vlt.html">Very Large Telescope</a> (VLT). This turbulence causes the stars to twinkle in a way that delights poets but frustrates astronomers since it blurs the finest details of the cosmos. Observing directly from space can avoid this atmospheric blurring effect, but the high costs of operating space telescopes compared to using ground-based facilities limits the size and scope of the telescopes we can place off-Earth.</p> <p>Astronomers have turned to a method called <strong>adaptive optics. Sophisticated, deformable mirrors controlled by computers can correct in real-time for the distortion caused by the turbulence of the Earth's atmosphere</strong>, making the images obtained almost as sharp as those taken in space. Adaptive optics allows the corrected optical system to observe finer details of much fainter astronomical objects than is otherwise possible from the ground.</p> <p>Adaptive optics requires a fairly bright reference star that is very close to the object under study. This reference star is used to measure the blurring caused by the local atmosphere so that the deformable mirror can correct for it. Since suitable stars are not available everywhere in the night sky, astronomers can create artificial stars instead by shining a powerful laser beam into the Earth's upper atmosphere. Thanks to these laser guide stars, almost the entire sky can now be observed with adaptive optics.</p> <p>Since 1989, the European Southern Observatory has led the way in developing <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/archive/tag/adaptive-optics/">adaptive optics</a> and laser guide star technologies. The VLT Laser Guide Star Facility was the first of its kind in the southern hemisphere. Over the years ESO has collaborated with several European institutes and industries to remain a world leader in this field. The Paranal Observatory has the most advanced and the largest number of adaptive optics systems in operation today.</p> <div class="row" style="margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px;"> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" style="text-align: center;"> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/esopia_lgsf-laser-7588/"><img src="/web/20210418015804im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/screen/esopia_lgsf-laser-7588.jpg" alt="Laser Guide Star Facility (LGSF)" style="max-height: 640px;"></a><div> <small><em>Laser Guide Star Facility (LGSF).<br>Credit: ESO/H.H.Heyer</em></small></div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" style="text-align: center;"> <div> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0733b/"><img src="/web/20210418015804im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/thumb300y/eso0733b.jpg" alt="Shooting a Laser at the Galactic Centre"></a> <div> <small><em>Shooting a Laser at the Galactic Centre.<br> Credit: ESO/Y. Beletsky</em></small> </div> </div> <div> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0846a/"><img src="/web/20210418015804im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/thumb300y/eso0846a.jpg" alt="The Centre of the Milky Way"></a> <div> <small><em>The Centre of the Milky Way.<br>Credit: ESO/S. Gillessen et al.</em></small> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>ESO's adaptive optics facilities have obtained top-notch scientific results. These include the first direct observations of an extrasolar planet near a bright star, as well as key characterisations of the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.</p> <p>The next generation of adaptive optics is on the way for both the VLT and the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), with support courtesy of European Commission research funding contracts. Projects slated for the VLT include the use of several laser guide stars at once, as well as advanced adaptive optics instruments such as the SPHERE planet finder. Also under development are advanced systems tailored to meet the challenges of the ELT, which will have a revolutionary 40-metre-class diameter primary mirror. Significant recent progress has also paved the way for attaining a wider corrected field of view, a result that will have an impact on the design of future VLT and ELT adaptive optics systems.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210418015804/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20210418015804cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20210418015804js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.86f0f17c90d3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/&text=Adaptive Optics&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/&media=&description=Adaptive Optics" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015804/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — Adaptive Optics&body=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ULUkwb4yEOwt19u31Fvxy9FEL4NFOb6zQWuc1wEFo6fqoOVZpKAfZxumC2H5BH5m"/> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Adaptive Optics | ESO