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id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_public_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_public_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early public roles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_public_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles_in_the_Marcos_regime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles_in_the_Marcos_regime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Roles in the Marcos regime </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Roles_in_the_Marcos_regime-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Roles in the Marcos regime subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Roles_in_the_Marcos_regime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vice_governorship_and_governorship_in_Ilocos_Norte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_governorship_and_governorship_in_Ilocos_Norte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Vice governorship and governorship in Ilocos Norte </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_governorship_and_governorship_in_Ilocos_Norte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairmanship_of_PHILCOMSAT_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairmanship_of_PHILCOMSAT_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Chairmanship of PHILCOMSAT Board </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairmanship_of_PHILCOMSAT_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ill-gotten_Marcos_family_wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ill-gotten_Marcos_family_wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Ill-gotten Marcos family wealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ill-gotten_Marcos_family_wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EDSA_revolution_and_exile_(1986–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EDSA_revolution_and_exile_(1986–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 EDSA revolution and exile (1986–1991) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EDSA_revolution_and_exile_(1986–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_the_Philippines_and_later_activities_(1991–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_the_Philippines_and_later_activities_(1991–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Return to the Philippines and later activities (1991–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Return_to_the_Philippines_and_later_activities_(1991–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Return to the Philippines and later activities (1991–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Return_to_the_Philippines_and_later_activities_(1991–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives,_first_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives,_first_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 House of Representatives, first term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives,_first_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compromise_deal_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compromise_deal_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Compromise deal attempt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compromise_deal_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ilocos_Norte_governor,_second_stint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilocos_Norte_governor,_second_stint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Ilocos Norte governor, second stint </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilocos_Norte_governor,_second_stint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives,_second_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives,_second_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 House of Representatives, second term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives,_second_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Senate career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014_pork_barrel_scam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_pork_barrel_scam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 2014 pork barrel scam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_pork_barrel_scam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_Commission_on_Audit_suit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_Commission_on_Audit_suit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 2016 Commission on Audit suit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_Commission_on_Audit_suit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_vice_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_vice_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 2016 vice presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_vice_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election_results_protest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results_protest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.1 Election results protest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_results_protest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_presidential_campaign_and_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_presidential_campaign_and_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 2022 presidential campaign and election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_presidential_campaign_and_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(2022–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(2022–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Presidency (2022–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency_(2022–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Presidency (2022–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(2022–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Early actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture_and_agrarian_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_and_agrarian_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Agriculture and agrarian reforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_and_agrarian_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Defense </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5 Insurgency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communist_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communist_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.6 Communist policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communist_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.7 Telecommunications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Court cases </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Court_cases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Court cases subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Court_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Income_and_estate_tax_case_convictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income_and_estate_tax_case_convictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Income and estate tax case convictions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income_and_estate_tax_case_convictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007_Payanig_sa_Pasig_property_case_motion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_Payanig_sa_Pasig_property_case_motion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 2007 Payanig sa Pasig property case motion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_Payanig_sa_Pasig_property_case_motion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_Hawaii_contempt_judgement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_Hawaii_contempt_judgement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 2011 Hawaii contempt judgement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_Hawaii_contempt_judgement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Political views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marcos-Duterte_feud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marcos-Duterte_feud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Marcos-Duterte feud </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marcos-Duterte_feud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Public profile </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_profile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public profile subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_distortionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_distortionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Historical distortionism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_distortionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_presence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_presence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Online presence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_presence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impostor_urban_legend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impostor_urban_legend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Impostor urban legend </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impostor_urban_legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tallano_gold_myth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tallano_gold_myth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Tallano gold myth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tallano_gold_myth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alleged_cocaine_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_cocaine_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Alleged cocaine usage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_cocaine_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PDEA_leaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PDEA_leaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 PDEA leaks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PDEA_leaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bongbong Marcos</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" > 55 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بونغ بونغ ماركوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بونغ بونغ ماركوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8" title="বংবং মার্কোস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বংবং মার্কোস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr." title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μπονγκμπόνγκ Μάρκος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπονγκμπόνγκ Μάρκος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_y_Romu%C3%A1ldez" title="Ferdinand Marcos y Romuáldez – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos y Romuáldez" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بونگبونگ مارکوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بونگبونگ مارکوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr." title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B4%89%EB%B4%89_%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4" title="봉봉 마르코스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="봉봉 마르코스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A3_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Բոնգբոնգ Մարկոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոնգբոնգ Մարկոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos,_Jr." title="Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos, Jr." data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Junior" title="Ferdinand Marcos Junior – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos Junior" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr." title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr. – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8" title="פרדיננד מרקוס ג'וניור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדיננד מרקוס ג'וניור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ბონგბონგ მარკოსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბონგბონგ მარკოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87_%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA" title="ບອງບອງ ມາຣໂກສ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບອງບອງ ມາຣໂກສ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinandus_Marcos_iunior" title="Ferdinandus Marcos iunior – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ferdinandus Marcos iunior" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr." title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr. – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဘွန်ဘွန်မားကို့စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘွန်ဘွန်မားကို့စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_jr." title="Ferdinand Marcos jr. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos jr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस जुनियर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस जुनियर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ボンボン・マルコス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボンボン・マルコス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F" title="បុងបុង ម៉ាកូស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បុងបុង ម៉ាកូស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr." title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr. – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr." title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr. – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ferdinand Marcos Jr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81,_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Маркос, Бонгбонг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маркос, Бонгбонг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B3" title="بۆنگ بۆنگ مارکۆس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆنگ بۆنگ مارکۆس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Бонгбонг Маркос – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бонгбонг Маркос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பொங்பொங் மார்க்கோசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொங்பொங் மார்க்கோசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="บองบอง มาร์กอส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บองบอง มาร์กอส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Бонгбонг Маркос – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бонгбонг Маркос" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Бонгбонг Маркос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бонгбонг Маркос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بونگ بونگ مارکوس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بونگ بونگ مارکوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bongbong Marcos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E6%96%AF" title="小馬可斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="小馬可斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF" title="小费迪南德·马科斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小费迪南德·马科斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q983324#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bongbong (disambiguation)">Bongbong (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Philippine name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> or maternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <a href="/wiki/Romualdez" title="Romualdez">Romualdez</a> and the surname or paternal family name is <a href="/wiki/Marcos_family" title="Marcos family">Marcos</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Bongbong Marcos</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="959" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">17th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office June 30, 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office June 30, 2022 – November 3, 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Dar" title="William Dar">William Dar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tiu_Laurel_Jr." title="Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.">Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office June 30, 2007 – June 30, 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Nalupta_Jr." title="Mariano Nalupta Jr.">Mariano Nalupta Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Simeon Valdez</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">19th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ilocos_Norte" title="Governor of Ilocos Norte">Governor of Ilocos Norte</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Fari%C3%B1as" title="Rodolfo Fariñas">Rodolfo Fariñas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Marcos_Keon" title="Michael Marcos Keon">Michael Marcos Keon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office March 23, 1983 – February 25, 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Elizabeth Keon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Castor Raval (<a href="/wiki/Officer_in_Charge_(Philippines)" title="Officer in Charge (Philippines)"><abbr title="Officer in Charge">OIC</abbr></a>)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Vice Governor of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office June 30, 1980 – March 23, 1983</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Elizabeth Keon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Antonio Lazo</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">Partido Federal ng Pilipinas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office October 5, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reynaldo_Tamayo_Jr." title="Reynaldo Tamayo Jr.">Reynaldo Tamayo Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Abubakar Mangelen</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr.</div> (1957-09-13) September 13, 1957 (age 67) <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mesa,_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Mesa, Manila">Santa Mesa, Manila</a>, Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">PFP</a> (2021–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a> (2009–21) <a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">KBL</a> (1978–2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Liza_Araneta_Marcos" title="Liza Araneta Marcos">Louise Araneta</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1993)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Marcos" title="Sandro Marcos">Sandro</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_family" title="Marcos family">Marcos family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a> (office) <a href="/wiki/Bahay_Pangulo" title="Bahay Pangulo">Bahay Pangulo</a> (residence) <a href="/wiki/The_Mansion_(Baguio)" title="The Mansion (Baguio)">The Mansion</a> (summer residence) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Worth_School" title="Worth School">Worth School</a> (secondary)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund_Hall,_Oxford" title="St Edmund Hall, Oxford">St Edmund Hall, Oxford</a> (special diploma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="University of Asia and the Pacific">Center for Research and Communication</a> (no degree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> (no degree)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongbong_Marcos_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bongbong Marcos's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bongbong_Marcos_Signature.svg/74px-Bongbong_Marcos_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bongbong_Marcos_Signature.svg/112px-Bongbong_Marcos_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bongbong_Marcos_Signature.svg/149px-Bongbong_Marcos_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="81" data-file-height="87" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pbbm.com.ph/">pbbm.com.ph</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr_Speech_Presidential_Assistance_to_Farmers,_Fisherfolk_and_Families_in_Albay_November_6,_2024.ogg" title="File:Ferdinand Marcos Jr Speech Presidential Assistance to Farmers, Fisherfolk and Families in Albay November 6, 2024.ogg">Bongbong Marcos's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="544" data-mwtitle="Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr_Speech_Presidential_Assistance_to_Farmers,_Fisherfolk_and_Families_in_Albay_November_6,_2024.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr_Speech_Presidential_Assistance_to_Farmers%2C_Fisherfolk_and_Families_in_Albay_November_6%2C_2024.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr_Speech_Presidential_Assistance_to_Farmers%2C_Fisherfolk_and_Families_in_Albay_November_6%2C_2024.ogg/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr_Speech_Presidential_Assistance_to_Farmers%2C_Fisherfolk_and_Families_in_Albay_November_6%2C_2024.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Speech for the presidential assistance to farmers, fisherfolks, and their families in <a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a> (Recorded on November 6, 2024)</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #f6d251"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#2a458c;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_(cropped_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg/75px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg/113px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg/150px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="753" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#2a458c;color: #FFF;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong Marcos</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">17th President of the Philippines</a></div><div style="color:#71531C;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Incumbent</div></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Political campaigns</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2016 Philippine presidential election">2016 vice presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign">VP campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">2022 Philippine presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign">campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">Presidency</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos">Presidential transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Cabinet of Bongbong Marcos">Administration and cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_acts_and_legislation_during_the_presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of major acts and legislation during the presidency of Bongbong Marcos">Major acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of executive orders by Bongbong Marcos">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="19th Congress of the Philippines">19th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of international presidential trips made by Bongbong Marcos">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Protests against Bongbong Marcos">Protests</a></li> <li>Speeches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">State of the Nation Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2022 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2023 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2024 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_sugar_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Philippine sugar crisis">Sugar crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Philippine_onion_crisis" title="2022–2023 Philippine onion crisis">Onion crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Philippine_airspace_closure" title="2023 Philippine airspace closure">2023 Airspace closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_constitutional_reform_attempts_in_the_Philippines" title="2024 constitutional reform attempts in the Philippines">2024 Cha-cha reform attempts</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Policies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIM_Registration_Act" title="SIM Registration Act">SIM Registration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Better_More" title="Build Better More">Build Better More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambansang_Pabahay_Para_sa_Pilipino" title="Pambansang Pabahay Para sa Pilipino">4PH Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_the_Philippines" title="Love the Philippines">Love the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Agrarian_Emancipation_Act" title="New Agrarian Emancipation Act">New Agrarian Emancipation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Investment_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharlika Investment Fund">Maharlika Investment Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Pilipinas_(campaign)" title="Bagong Pilipinas (campaign)">Bagong Pilipinas</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Early political career</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_general_election" title="1992 Philippine general election">Representative of Ilocos Norte's second district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_general_election" title="1998 Philippine general election">Governor of Ilocos Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2010 Philippine Senate election">Senator</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_family" title="Marcos family">Family</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Araneta_Marcos" title="Liza Araneta Marcos">Liza Araneta Marcos</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Marcos" title="Sandro Marcos">Sandro Marcos</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Marcos" title="Irene Marcos">Irene Marcos</a> (sister)</li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Related</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">Partido Federal ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniTeam_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="UniTeam Alliance">UniTeam Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_distortion_regarding_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos">Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unexplained_wealth_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family">Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_North" title="Solid North">Solid North</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bongbong_Marcos_sidebar" title="Template:Bongbong Marcos sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bongbong_Marcos_sidebar" title="Template talk:Bongbong Marcos sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bongbong_Marcos_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bongbong Marcos sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr.<a href="#cite_note-SydneyMorningHerald20121124-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-biography-2">[2]</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɑːrkɒs/</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-koʊs, -kɔːs/</a>,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Tagalog: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">[ˈmaɾkɔs]</a>; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials PBBM or BBM, is a Filipino politician who is the 17th and current <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">president of the Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> He is the second child and only son of 10th president, <a href="/wiki/Kleptocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleptocrat">kleptocrat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> and former first lady <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SydneyMorningHerald20121124-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In 1980, Marcos became Vice Governor of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a>, running unopposed with the <a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">Kilusang Bagong Lipunan</a> party of his father, who <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">was ruling the Philippines under martial law</a> at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Ellison2005-9">[9]</a> He then became <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ilocos_Norte" title="Governor of Ilocos Norte">Governor of Ilocos Norte</a> in 1983, holding that office until his family was ousted from power by the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> and fled into exile in Hawaii in February 1986.<a href="#cite_note-DavidHolley19860228-10">[10]</a> After the death of his father in 1989, President <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> eventually allowed his family to return to the Philippines to face various charges.<a href="#cite_note-SethMydans19911104-11">[11]</a> Marcos and his mother, Imelda, are currently facing arrest in the United States for defying a court order to pay <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>353 million (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>17,385,250,000 in 2025) in restitution to <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship">human rights abuse victims during his father's dictatorship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bongbongCantVisitUSA-12">[12]</a> However, as long as he is president of the Philippines, he can enter the United States due to <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Marcos was elected as <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Representative</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district">Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district</a> from 1992 to 1995. He was elected Governor of Ilocos Norte again in 1998. After nine years, he returned to his previous position as Representative from 2007 to 2010, then became <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">senator</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista Party</a> from 2010 to 2016.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Marcos unsuccessfully ran for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">vice president</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_general_election" title="2016 Philippine general election">2016 election</a>, losing to <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Camarines Sur's 3rd congressional district">Camarines Sur</a> representative <a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a> by a difference of 263,473 votes;<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Philippines_2015-10-05-15">[15]</a> in response, Marcos filed an electoral protest at the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Electoral_Tribunal" title="Presidential Electoral Tribunal">Presidential Electoral Tribunal</a> but his petition was unanimously dismissed after the pilot recount resulted in Robredo widening her lead by 15,093 additional votes.<a href="#cite_note-PETdismissalSCMP-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-PETdismissalCNN-17">[17]</a> Marcos ran for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">2022 election</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">Partido Federal ng Pilipinas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> which he won by a landslide<a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-5">[5]</a> with nearly 59% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-Verizon-2022-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morales-2022-20">[20]</a> His win was the largest since <a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_presidential_election_and_referendum" title="1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum">1981</a>, when his father won 88% of the votes due to a boycott by the opposition who protested the prior election.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Marcos's presidential campaign received criticism from <a href="/wiki/Fact-checkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fact-checkers">fact-checkers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> scholars, who found his campaign to be driven by <a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">historical negationism</a> aimed at <a href="/wiki/Historical_distortion_regarding_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos">revamping the Marcos brand</a> and smearing his rivals.<a href="#cite_note-filipinosFallFakeHistory-24">[24]</a> His campaign has also been accused of <a href="/wiki/Whitewashing_(censorship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitewashing (censorship)">whitewashing</a> the human rights abuses and <a href="/wiki/Unexplained_wealth_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family">plunder</a>, estimated at 5 to 13 billion dollars, that took place during his father's presidency.<a href="#cite_note-filipinosFallFakeHistory-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> has noted how the historical distortionism of the Marcoses has been underway since the 2000s, while <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> cited his convictions of <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax fraud</a>, including his refusal to pay his family's estate taxes, and misrepresentation of his education at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine listed him as one of <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">the world's 100 most influential people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> Bongbong Marcos was born as Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. on September 13, 1957, at <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Hospital_(Manila)" title="Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital (Manila)">Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mesa" title="Santa Mesa">Santa Mesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines, to <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a>. At the time of his birth, his father Ferdinand was the representative for the <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district">second district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a>, eventually becoming a senator just two years later. His godfathers included prominent personalities and future <a href="/wiki/Marcos_cronies" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos cronies">Marcos cronies</a> <a href="/wiki/Danding_Cojuangco" title="Danding Cojuangco">Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-Seagrave1988-31">[31]</a>: 286  and pharmaceuticals magnate <a href="/wiki/Jose_Yao_Campos" title="Jose Yao Campos">Jose Yao Campos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FloresWilsonLee20060508-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> Marcos first studied at the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pedro_Poveda_College" title="Saint Pedro Poveda College">Institución Teresiana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Green_Hills" title="La Salle Green Hills">La Salle Green Hills</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>, where he obtained his kindergarten and elementary education, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-SenateGovPH-Bongbong-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In 1970, Marcos was sent to England where he lived and studied at <a href="/wiki/Worth_School" title="Worth School">Worth School</a>, an all-boys <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> institution in <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SydneyMorningHerald20121124-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Legaspi-35">[35]</a> He was studying there when his father <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_1081" class="mw-redirect" title="Proclamation 1081">declared</a> <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">martial law throughout the Philippines</a> in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-SydneyMorningHerald20121124-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Legaspi-35">[35]</a> Marcos attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="University of Asia and the Pacific">Center for Research and Communication</a>, where he took a special diploma course in economics, but did not finish.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_admits_not_finishing_‘special_diploma’_course_in_UA&P-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_admits_not_finishing_UA&P_certificate_program-37">[37]</a> He then enrolled at <a href="/wiki/St_Edmund_Hall,_Oxford" title="St Edmund Hall, Oxford">St Edmund Hall, Oxford</a> to study <a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_politics_and_economics" title="Philosophy, politics and economics">philosophy, politics and economics</a> (PPE). However, despite his false claims that he graduated with a bachelor of arts in PPE,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> he did not obtain such a degree.<a href="#cite_note-rappler.com-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnnphilippines.com-41">[41]</a> Marcos had passed philosophy, but failed economics, and failed politics twice, thus making him ineligible for a degree.<a href="#cite_note-kasarinlan1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-iTutoredBongbong-43">[43]</a> Instead, he received a special diploma in social studies,<a href="#cite_note-cnnphilippines.com-41">[41]</a> which was awarded mainly to non-graduates and is currently no longer offered by the university.<a href="#cite_note-rappler.com-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-documentsBongbongEducationOxford-44">[44]</a> Marcos still falsely claims that he obtained a degree from the University of Oxford despite Oxford confirming in 2015 that Marcos did not finish his degree.<a href="#cite_note-oxfordNoDegree-45">[45]</a> Marcos enrolled in the Masters in <a href="/wiki/Business_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Administration">Business Administration</a> program at the <a href="/wiki/Wharton_School_of_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania">Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, United States, which he failed to complete. Marcos asserts that he withdrew from the program for his election as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Presidential Commission on Good Government</a> later reported that his tuition, his US$10,000 (₱492,500 in 2025) monthly allowance, and the estate he lived in while studying at Wharton, were paid using funds that could be traced partly to the intelligence funds of the Office of the President, and partly to some of the fifteen bank accounts that the Marcoses had secretly opened in the US under assumed names.<a href="#cite_note-Manapat2020-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_public_roles">Early public roles</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iginuhit_ng_Tadhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Iginuhit ng Tadhana">Iginuhit ng Tadhana</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1966_tour_of_Germany,_Japan_and_the_Philippines" title="The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines">The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeting_of_the_Marcoses_and_the_Nixons_in_1969_at_the_Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Meeting_of_the_Marcoses_and_the_Nixons_in_1969_at_the_Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace.jpg/220px-Meeting_of_the_Marcoses_and_the_Nixons_in_1969_at_the_Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Meeting_of_the_Marcoses_and_the_Nixons_in_1969_at_the_Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace.jpg/330px-Meeting_of_the_Marcoses_and_the_Nixons_in_1969_at_the_Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Meeting_of_the_Marcoses_and_the_Nixons_in_1969_at_the_Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace.jpg/440px-Meeting_of_the_Marcoses_and_the_Nixons_in_1969_at_the_Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos meeting with United States president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, shown holding Bongbong, in 1969</figcaption></figure> Marcos was thrust into the national limelight as early as when he was three years old, and the scrutiny became even more intense when his father first ran for President of the Philippines in 1965,<a href="#cite_note-Lo20100413-48">[48]</a> when he was eight years old.<a href="#cite_note-SydneyMorningHerald20121124-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Legaspi-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Seagrave1988-31">[31]</a> During his father's 1965 campaign, Marcos played himself in the <a href="/wiki/Sampaguita_Pictures" title="Sampaguita Pictures">Sampaguita Pictures</a> film <a href="/wiki/Iginuhit_ng_Tadhana_(The_Ferdinand_E._Marcos_Story)" title="Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story)">Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story)</a>, a biopic based on the novel For Every Tear a Victory.<a href="#cite_note-Gomez150826-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lo20100413-48">[48]</a> The young Marcos was portrayed giving a speech towards the end of the film, in which he says that he would like to be a politician when he grows up.<a href="#cite_note-Geronimo20151012-50">[50]</a> The public relations value of the film is credited for having helped the elder Marcos win the <a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1965 Philippine presidential election">1965 Philippine elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Garcia2016-51">[51]</a> A young Bongbong Marcos and his sister Imee played a small role in the controversial "<a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1966_tour_of_Germany,_Japan_and_the_Philippines#Philippines" title="The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines">Manila incident</a>" of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> in July 1966, just six months after their father assumed the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-OliverXAReyes20170524-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>: 200  Bongbong and Imee were among 400 children whom their mother Imelda brought to Malacañang Palace for a reception in which they expected the Beatles to show up.<a href="#cite_note-OliverXAReyes20170524-52">[52]</a> The four band members claimed not to know about the event, and refused to attend. As the event went on without them, the Marcos children were interviewed. Bongbong, referring to the group's long hair, was quoted saying "I'd like to pounce on the Beatles and cut off their hair! Don't anybody dare me to do anything, because I'll do it, just to see how game the Beatles are."<a href="#cite_note-OliverXAReyes20170524-52">[52]</a> Imee, meantime, was quoted saying "There is only one song I like from the Beatles, and it's Run for Your Life."<a href="#cite_note-OliverXAReyes20170524-52">[52]</a>—a quote which media later associated with the way the Beatles scrambled out of Manila, receiving rough treatment at the Manila International Airport.<a href="#cite_note-OliverXAReyes20170524-52">[52]</a> Beatles lead guitarist <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> later accused the Marcoses of inciting Filipinos to mob the band as they tried to leave the country for not showing up at the reception, saying in a 1986 interview at <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">NBC's Today Show</a> that the Marcoses "tried to kill [them]."<a href="#cite_note-SalvaESQ2021-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Twit-55">[55]</a> Harrison further said that their plane was not allowed to leave Manila until their manager, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Epstein" title="Brian Epstein">Brian Epstein</a>, refunded the concert ticket money.<a href="#cite_note-SalvaESQ2021-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Twit-55">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bulletin" title="Manila Bulletin">Manila Bulletin</a> reported in 2015 that Marcos had once invited Beatles drummer <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a> to return to the Philippines "to bring closure" to the incident.<a href="#cite_note-25_things-56">[56]</a> The incident was brought up in the media again after a 2021 interview between Marcos and actress <a href="/wiki/Toni_Gonzaga" title="Toni Gonzaga">Toni Gonzaga</a>, when he was asked about which musicians he idolized, and he casually mentioned that he was friends with <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> and members of the Beatles.<a href="#cite_note-SalvaESQ2021-54">[54]</a> Marcos was still a minor on the exact year that martial law was declared. Marcos turned 18 in 1975<a href="#cite_note-mlchroniclesaccountable-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-EricaSauler20160205-58">[58]</a>—a year after he graduated from Worth School.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles_in_the_Marcos_regime">Roles in the Marcos regime</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice_governorship_and_governorship_in_Ilocos_Norte">Vice governorship and governorship in Ilocos Norte</h3></div> Marcos's first formal role in a political office came with his election as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte (1980–1983) at the age of 22. On March 23, 1983, he was installed as the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ilocos_Norte" title="Governor of Ilocos Norte">Governor of Ilocos Norte</a>, replacing his aunt Elizabeth Marcos-Keon, who had resigned from the post for health reasons.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In 1983, he led a group of young Filipino leaders on a 10-day diplomatic mission to China to mark the tenth anniversary of <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">Philippine–Chinese relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> He stayed in office until the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> in 1986. During Marcos's term, at least two <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_and_forced_disappearances_in_the_Philippines" title="Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines">extrajudicial killings</a> took place in Ilocos Norte, as documented by the Martial Law Victims Association of Ilocos Norte (MLVAIN).<a href="#cite_note-Cornelio20160415-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairmanship_of_PHILCOMSAT_Board">Chairmanship of PHILCOMSAT Board</h3></div> Marcos was appointed by his father to be chairman of the board of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Communications_Satellite_Corporation" title="Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation">Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation</a> (PHILCOMSAT) in early 1985.<a href="#cite_note-JamainePunzalan20161125-64">[64]</a> In a prominent example of what Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Ongpin" title="Jaime Ongpin">Jaime Ongpin</a> later branded "<a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">crony capitalism</a>", the Marcos administration had sold its majority shares to <a href="/wiki/Marcos_cronies" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos cronies">Marcos cronies</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Roberto_S._Benedicto" class="mw-redirect" title="Roberto S. Benedicto">Roberto S. Benedicto</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Scott1986-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cronies_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos">Manuel H. Nieto</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Scott1986-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jose_Yao_Campos" title="Jose Yao Campos">Jose Yao Campos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Butterfield19860330-66">[66]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolando_Gapud" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolando Gapud">Rolando Gapud</a><a href="#cite_note-Butterfield19860330-66">[66]</a> in 1982, despite being very profitable because of its role as the sole agent for the Philippines' link to global satellite network Intelsat.<a href="#cite_note-Scott1986-65">[65]</a> President Marcos acquired a 39.9% share in the company through front companies under Campos and Gapud.<a href="#cite_note-Butterfield19860330-66">[66]</a> This allowed President Marcos to appoint his son as the chairman of the Philcomsat board in early 1985, allowing the young Marcos to draw a monthly salary "ranging from US$9,700 to US$97,000"<a href="#cite_note-JamainePunzalan20161125-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Scott1986-65">[65]</a> (₱477,725 to ₱4,777,250 in 2025) despite rarely visiting the office and having no duties there.<a href="#cite_note-Scott1986-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-JamainePunzalan20161125-64">[64]</a> PHILCOMSAT was one of five telecommunications firms sequestered by the Philippine government in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-Scott1986-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ill-gotten_Marcos_family_wealth">Ill-gotten Marcos family wealth</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Unexplained_wealth_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family">Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family</a></div> After the Marcos family went into exile in 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Presidential Commission on Good Government</a> found that the three Marcos children benefited significantly<a href="#cite_note-Manapat2020-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-JamainePunzalan20161125-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Garcia2106-67">[67]</a> from what the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a> defined as "ill-gotten wealth" of the Marcos family.<a href="#cite_note-scImeldaMarcosvsRP-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-TiongsonMayrina-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Salonga2000-70">[70]</a> Aside from the tuition, US$10,000 (₱492,500 in 2025) monthly allowance, and the estates used by Marcos Jr. and Imee Marcos during their respective studies at Wharton and Princeton,<a href="#cite_note-Manapat2020-47">[47]</a> each of the Marcos children was assigned a <a href="/wiki/Marcos_mansions" title="Marcos mansions">mansion</a> in the Metro Manila area, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a>, the Philippines' designated summer capital.<a href="#cite_note-Manapat2020-47">[47]</a> Properties specifically said to have been given to Marcos Jr. included the Wigwam House compound on Outlook Drive in Baguio<a href="#cite_note-Manapat2020-47">[47]</a> and the Seaside Mansion Compound in <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Manapat2020-47">[47]</a> In addition, by the time their father was ousted from power in 1986, both Marcos Jr. and Imee held key posts in the Marcos administration.<a href="#cite_note-JamainePunzalan20161125-64">[64]</a> Imee was already 30 when she was appointed as the national head of the Kabataang Barangay in the late 1970s,<a href="#cite_note-JamainePunzalan20161125-64">[64]</a> and Marcos Jr. was in his 20s when he took up the vice-gubernatorial post for the province of Ilocos Norte in 1980, and then became governor of that province from 1983 until the Marcos family was ousted from Malacañang in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-JamainePunzalan20161125-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EDSA_revolution_and_exile_(1986–1991)">EDSA revolution and exile (1986–1991)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></div> During the last days of the 1986 <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a>, Bongbong Marcos, in combat fatigues to project his warlike stance,<a href="#cite_note-usSet5Conditions-71">[71]</a> pushed his father <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> to give the order to his remaining troops to attack and blow up <a href="/wiki/Camp_Crame" title="Camp Crame">Camp Crame</a> despite the presence of hundreds of thousands of civilians there. The elder Marcos did not follow his son's urgings.<a href="#cite_note-fmLastDayPalace-72">[72]</a> Fearful of a scenario in which Marcos's presence in the Philippines would lead to a civil war,<a href="#cite_note-StuartSantiago1995-73">[73]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration">Reagan administration</a> withdrew its support for the Marcos government, and flew Marcos and a party of about 80 individuals<a href="#cite_note-DavidHolley19860228-10">[10]</a> – the extended Marcos family and a number of close associates<a href="#cite_note-APmanifest19860311-74">[74]</a> – from the Philippines to Hawaii despite Ferdinand Marcos's objections.<a href="#cite_note-StuartSantiago1995-73">[73]</a> Bongbong Marcos and his family were on the flight with his parents.<a href="#cite_note-DavidHolley19860227-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Soon after arriving in Hawaii, the younger Marcos participated in an attempt to withdraw US$200 million (₱9,849,999,999.96 in 2025) from a <a href="/wiki/Bank_secrecy" title="Bank secrecy">secret family bank account</a> with <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a> in Switzerland,<a href="#cite_note-SCMP2011-77">[77]</a> an act which eventually led to the Swiss government freezing the Marcoses' bank accounts in late March that year.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoSwissFreeze-78">[78]</a> The Marcoses initially stayed at <a href="/wiki/Hickam_Air_Force_Base" title="Hickam Air Force Base">Hickam Air Force Base</a> at the expense of the U.S. government. A month after arriving in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, they moved into a pair of residences in <a href="/wiki/Makiki_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Makiki Heights">Makiki Heights</a>, Honolulu, which were registered to <a href="/wiki/Marcos_cronies" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos cronies">Marcos cronies</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Floirendo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Floirendo">Antonio Floirendo</a> and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco.<a href="#cite_note-DavidHolley19860228-10">[10]</a> Ferdinand Marcos eventually died in exile three years later, in 1989,<a href="#cite_note-Richburg&Branigin19890929-79">[79]</a> with Marcos Jr. being the only family member present at his father's deathbed.<a href="#cite_note-Aruiza1991-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_the_Philippines_and_later_activities_(1991–present)">Return to the Philippines and later activities (1991–present)</h2></div> In the early 1990s, President <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> permitted the return of the remaining members of the Marcos family to the Philippines to face various charges.<a href="#cite_note-SethMydans19911104-11">[11]</a> Bongbong Marcos flew on a private plane from Singapore to the Philippines and landed in <a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a> on October 31, 1991, becoming the first Marcos family member to return to the Philippines since 1986; his mother Imelda followed suit four days later.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> He soon sought political office, beginning in the family's traditional <a href="/wiki/Fiefdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiefdom">fiefdom</a> in Ilocos Norte.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives,_first_term">House of Representatives, first term</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections">1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections</a></div> Marcos ran for and was elected representative of the <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district">second district of Ilocos Norte</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Philippine House of Representatives</a> (1992–1995).<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> When his mother, Imelda Marcos, ran for president in the same election, he decided against supporting her candidacy, and instead expressed support for his godfather Danding Cojuangco.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> During his term, Marcos was the author of 29 House bills and co-author of 90 more, which includes those that paved the way for the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Department of Energy (Philippines)">Department of Energy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Commission_(Philippines)" title="National Youth Commission (Philippines)">National Youth Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bueza-2015-87">[87]</a> He also allocated most of his Countryside Development Fund (CDF) to organizing the cooperatives of teachers and farmers in his home province.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-About_Bongbong_Marcos-89">[89]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] In October 1992, he led a group of ten representatives in attending the first sports summit in the Philippines, held in <a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In late 1994, he was made president of the <a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">Kilusang Bagong Lipunan</a> party, which is known for its support for the Marcos regime.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/1995_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1995 Philippine Senate election">In 1995</a>, Marcos ran for the Senate under the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC-led coalition</a> but lost, placing only 16th.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compromise_deal_attempt">Compromise deal attempt</h4></div> In 1995, Bongbong Marcos pushed a deal to allow the Marcos family to keep a quarter of the estimated US$2 billion to US$10 billion (₱98,499,999,999.61 to ₱492,499,999,998.03 in 2025) that the Philippine government had still not recovered from them, on the condition that all civil cases be dropped – a deal that was eventually struck down by the Philippines' Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP2011-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ilocos_Norte_governor,_second_stint">Ilocos Norte governor, second stint</h3></div> Having previously served as Ilocos Norte governor from 1983 to 1986, Marcos was again elected as governor of Ilocos Norte in 1998, running against his father's closest friend and ally, <a href="/wiki/Roque_Ablan_Jr." title="Roque Ablan Jr.">Roque Ablan Jr.</a> He served for three consecutive terms ending in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives,_second_term">House of Representatives, second term</h3></div> In 2007, Marcos ran unopposed for the congressional seat previously held by his older sister <a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> He was then appointed as deputy minority leader of the House of Representatives. During this term, Marcos supported the passage of the Philippine Archipelagic Baselines Law, or Republic Act No. 9522.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> He also wrote his own version of the law, but the bill only remained in the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.<a href="#cite_note-Bueza-2015-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> He also promoted the Republic Act No. 9502 (Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act) which was enacted on 2009.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_career">Senate career</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._during_a_Kapihan_sa_Senado_forum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._during_a_Kapihan_sa_Senado_forum.jpg/220px-Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._during_a_Kapihan_sa_Senado_forum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._during_a_Kapihan_sa_Senado_forum.jpg/330px-Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._during_a_Kapihan_sa_Senado_forum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._during_a_Kapihan_sa_Senado_forum.jpg/440px-Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._during_a_Kapihan_sa_Senado_forum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Senator Marcos during a forum in June 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongbong_Marcos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/220px-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/330px-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/440px-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1693" data-file-height="2233" /></a><figcaption>Portrait during his stint as senator</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2010 Philippine Senate election">2010 Philippine Senate election</a></div>Marcos made a second attempt for the Senate in <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_general_election" title="2010 Philippine general election">2010</a>. On November 20, 2009, the KBL forged an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista Party</a> (NP) between Marcos and NP chair Senator <a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel_Residence" title="Jose P. Laurel Residence">Laurel House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>. Marcos became a guest senatorial candidate of the NP through this alliance.<a href="#cite_note-Philstar_NP_KBL-98">[98]</a> Marcos was later removed as a member by the KBL National Executive Committee on November 23, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> As such, the NP broke its alliance with the KBL due to internal conflicts within the party, however Marcos remained part of the NP senatorial lineup.<a href="#cite_note-Philstar_NP_KBL-98">[98]</a> He was proclaimed as one of the winning senatorial candidates of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2010 Philippine Senate election">2010 senate elections</a>. He took office on June 30, 2010. In the <a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="15th Congress of the Philippines">15th Congress (2010–2013)</a>, Marcos authored 34 Senate bills. He also co-authored 17 bills of which seven were enacted into law<a href="#cite_note-Bueza-2015-87">[87]</a> – most notably the Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act whose principal author was Senator <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Sotto_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente Sotto III">Vicente Sotto III</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Cybercrime_Prevention_Act_of_2012" title="Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012">Cybercrime Prevention Act</a> whose principal author was Senator <a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a>; and the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons and the National Health Insurance Acts, both of which were principally authored by Senator <a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="16th Congress of the Philippines">16th Congress (2013–2016)</a>, Marcos filed 52 bills, of which 28 were refiled from the 15th Congress. One of them was enacted into law: Senate Bill No. 1186, which sought the postponement of the <a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_barangay_elections" title="2013 Philippine barangay elections">2013 Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) elections</a>, was enacted as Republic Act No. 10632 on October 3, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Bueza-2015-87">[87]</a> Marcos also co-authored 4 Senate bills in the 16th Congress. One of them, Senate Bill No. 712 which was principally authored by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a>, was enacted as Republic Act No. 10645, the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Bueza-2015-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> He was the chair of the Senate committees on urban planning, housing and resettlement, local government, and public works.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> He also chaired the oversight committee on the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)</a> Organic Act, the congressional oversight panel on the Special Purpose Vehicle Act, and a select oversight committee on <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangay</a> affairs.<a href="#cite_note-SenateGovPH-Bongbong-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bueza-2015-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014_pork_barrel_scam">2014 pork barrel scam</h4></div> In 2014, Bongbong Marcos was implicated by <a href="/wiki/Janet_Lim_Napoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Janet Lim Napoles">Janet Lim Napoles</a><a href="#cite_note-20senatorsPDAF-102">[102]</a> and Benhur Luy<a href="#cite_note-25Senators-103">[103]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Priority_Development_Assistance_Fund_scam" class="mw-redirect" title="Priority Development Assistance Fund scam">Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) Pork Barrel scam</a> through agent Catherine Mae "Maya" Santos.<a href="#cite_note-affidavitNapoles-104">[104]</a> He allegedly channeled ₱100 million through 4 fake <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGOs</a> linked with Napoles.<a href="#cite_note-abadShouldHaveChecked-105">[105]</a> Marcos claimed that the large amounts of money was released by the budget department without his knowledge and that his signatures were forged.<a href="#cite_note-MarcosFundMisuse-106">[106]</a> In connection to the PDAF scam, Marcos was also sued for plunder by iBalik ang Bilyones ng Mamamayan (iBBM), an alliance of youth organizations. The group cited Luy's digital files, which showed bogus NGOs with shady or non-existent offices.<a href="#cite_note-bongbongMarcosPlunder-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016_Commission_on_Audit_suit">2016 Commission on Audit suit</h4></div> In 2016, Marcos was also sued for plunder for funneling ₱205 million of his PDAF via 9 special allotment release orders (SARO) to the following bogus foundations from October 2011 to January 2013, according to Luy's digital files:<a href="#cite_note-bongbongMarcosPlunder-107">[107]</a> <ul><li>Social Development Program for Farmers Foundation (SDPFFI) – ₱15 million</li> <li>Countrywide Agri and Rural Economic Development Foundation (CARED) – ₱35 million</li> <li>People's Organization for Progress and Development Foundation (POPDFI) – ₱40 million</li> <li>Health Education Assistance Resettlement Training Services (HEARTS) – ₱10 million</li> <li>Kaupdanan Para Sa Mangunguma Foundation (KMFI) – ₱20 million</li> <li>National Livelihood Development Corporation (NLDC) – ₱100 million</li></ul> These NGOs were found by the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Audit_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Audit of the Philippines">Commission on Audit (COA)</a> as bogus with shady or non-existent offices.<a href="#cite_note-bongbongMarcosPlunder-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_vice_presidential_campaign">2016 vice presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2016 Philippine presidential election">2016 Philippine presidential election</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign">Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr." class="extiw" title="q:Ferdinand Marcos Jr.">Ferdinand Marcos Jr.'s 2016 Vice Presidential campaign</a>.</div></div> </div> On October 5, 2015, Marcos announced via his website that he would run for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_general_election" title="2016 Philippine general election">2016 general election</a>, stating "I have decided to run for vice president in the May 2016 elections."<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Philippines_2015-10-05-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Marcos ran as an independent candidate.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Prior to his announcement, he had declined an invitation by presidential candidate, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a>, to become his running mate.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> On October 15, 2015, presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> confirmed that Marcos would serve as her running mate.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Marcos placed second in the tightly contested vice presidential race losing to <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a> <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Camarines Sur's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a>, who won by a margin of 263,473 votes,<a href="#cite_note-slim_margin_1-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-slim_margin_2-113">[113]</a> one of the closest since <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a>'s victory in the 1965 vice presidential election. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Election_results_protest">Election results protest</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_presidential_election#Electoral_protest" title="2016 Philippine presidential election">2016 Philippine presidential election § Electoral protest</a></div> Marcos challenged the results of the election, lodging an electoral protest against Leni Robredo on June 29, 2016, the day before Robredo's oathtaking.<a href="#cite_note-VeraFilesPETTimeline-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> has stated several times that he would resign if Marcos would be his successor instead of Vice President Leni Robredo.<a href="#cite_note-BernadetteNicolas20180816-116">[116]</a> A recount began in April 2018, covering polling precincts in Iloilo and Camarines Sur, which were areas handpicked by Marcos's camp. In October 2019, the tribunal found that Robredo's lead grew by around 15,000 votes – a total of 278,566 votes from Robredo's original lead of 263,473 votes – after a recount of ballots from the 5,415 clustered precincts in Marcos's identified pilot provinces.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> On February 16, 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Electoral_Tribunal" title="Presidential Electoral Tribunal">Presidential Electoral Tribunal</a> (PET) unanimously dismissed Bongbong Marcos's electoral protest against Leni Robredo.<a href="#cite_note-PETdismissalSCMP-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-PETdismissalCNN-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-PETdecisionABSCBN-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-TetchTorresTupasPETDecision-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_presidential_campaign_and_election">2022 presidential campaign and election</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcos_Duterte-Carpio_caravan_in_Quezon_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Marcos_Duterte-Carpio_caravan_in_Quezon_City.jpg/220px-Marcos_Duterte-Carpio_caravan_in_Quezon_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Marcos_Duterte-Carpio_caravan_in_Quezon_City.jpg/330px-Marcos_Duterte-Carpio_caravan_in_Quezon_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Marcos_Duterte-Carpio_caravan_in_Quezon_City.jpg/440px-Marcos_Duterte-Carpio_caravan_in_Quezon_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Marcos (center) and his running mate <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a> during a grand caravan in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> in December 2021</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">2022 Philippine presidential election</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign">Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign</a></div> Marcos officially launched his campaign for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">president of the Philippines</a> on October 5, 2021, through a video post on Facebook and YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> An interview with his wife Liza Marcos revealed that he decided to run for president while watching the film <a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_(film)" title="Ant-Man (film)">Ant-Man</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cnnAntmanPresidentialRun-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-inquirerAntmanPresidentialRun-123">[123]</a> though Marcos admitted that he could not recall this moment.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> He ran under the banner of the <a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">Partido Federal ng Pilipinas</a> party, assuming chairmanship of the party on the same day,<a href="#cite_note-CNN-125">[125]</a> while also being endorsed by his former party, the <a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">Kilusang Bagong Lipunan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Marcos filed his certificate of candidacy before the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Commission on Elections</a> the following day.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> On November 16, Marcos announced his running mate to be <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a>, daughter of President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INQtandem-128">[128]</a> Under the campaign theme of unity, Marcos and Duterte's alliance was given the name "<a href="/wiki/UniTeam_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="UniTeam Alliance">UniTeam</a>".<a href="#cite_note-INQtandem-128">[128]</a> Seven petitions were filed against Marcos's presidential bid.<a href="#cite_note-CNNPH-Petitions-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Three petitions aimed to cancel his certificate of candidacy (COC), one petition aimed to declare Marcos a <a href="/wiki/Nuisance_candidate" title="Nuisance candidate">nuisance candidate</a>, and three petitions aimed to disqualify him. Most of the petitions were based on Marcos's <a href="#1995_tax_case_conviction">1995 conviction for failing to file tax returns</a>. Three disqualification petitions were consolidated and raffled to the commission's first division, while three other petitions were handed to the second division.<a href="#cite_note-CNNPH-Petitions-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordey-2021-131">[131]</a> The final petition was also handed to the first division. Marcos dismissed the petitions as nuisance petitions with no legal basis and propaganda against him.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On May 16 and 18, 2022, respectively, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_petitions_to_nullify_Bongbong_Marcos%27_candidacy_in_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Supreme Court petitions to nullify Bongbong Marcos' candidacy in the 2022 Philippine presidential election">two of the petitions</a> were filed at the Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The consolidated petitions were dismissed by the Court on June 28.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Provincial_Results_Presidential_Simplified.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2022_Provincial_Results_Presidential_Simplified.png/200px-2022_Provincial_Results_Presidential_Simplified.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2022_Provincial_Results_Presidential_Simplified.png/300px-2022_Provincial_Results_Presidential_Simplified.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2022_Provincial_Results_Presidential_Simplified.png/400px-2022_Provincial_Results_Presidential_Simplified.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Marcos won in 64 out of 81 provinces in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">2022 presidential election</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></figcaption></figure> Marcos regularly maintained a wide lead in presidential surveys throughout the months leading up to the May 2022 election;<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> he was the first presidential candidate in the country to attain poll ratings of over 50% from surveys conducted by <a href="/wiki/Pulse_Asia" title="Pulse Asia">Pulse Asia</a> since it began polling in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> His refrainment from attending all but one of the presidential debates during the campaign season was widely criticized.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In a joint session of the <a href="/wiki/18th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="18th Congress of the Philippines">18th Congress of the Philippines</a>, overseen by Senate President <a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Allan_Velasco" title="Lord Allan Velasco">Lord Allan Velasco</a> and stated by Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Migz_Zubiri" title="Migz Zubiri">Migz Zubiri</a> and Majority Floor Leader <a href="/wiki/Martin_Romualdez" title="Martin Romualdez">Martin Romualdez</a>, Marcos was proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="President-elect of the Philippines">president-elect of the Philippines</a> on May 25, 2022, alongside his running-mate, Vice-President-elect <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a>. Marcos received 31,629,783 votes, or 58.77% of the total votes cast, about 16.5 million votes ahead of his closest rival, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a>, who received over 15 million votes.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> He became the first presidential candidate to be elected by a majority since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in <a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Verizon-2022-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morales-2022-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> According to analysts, Marcos, together with Sara Duterte, "inherited" Rodrigo Duterte's popularity when they both won landslides in the election.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Historians noted the significance of his victory as a "full circle" of the Philippines from the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a>, which deposed <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">his father</a> from the presidency, thus marking the <a href="/wiki/Marcos_family" title="Marcos family">Marcos family</a>'s return to national power after 36 years.<a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-148">[148]</a> His majority was the largest since <a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_presidential_election_and_referendum" title="1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum">1981</a> (surpassing his father's 18,309,360 votes); as the opposition boycotted that election, it is the largest majority since <a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1969 Philippine presidential election">1969</a> for a competitive election, and his 31-percentage point margin over his nearest opponent was the greatest since <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a> scored a 38-point margin over incumbent President <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> in <a href="/wiki/1953_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1953 Philippine presidential election">1953</a>. His vote count was not only the largest ever recorded in a presidential election, but close to the sum total of the two previous records combined. On June 20, 2022, Marcos announced that he will serve as the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a> in concurrent capacity.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(2022–present)">Presidency (2022–present)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">Presidency of Bongbong Marcos</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos">Presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos">Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #DEDEDE;">Presidential styles of Bongbong Marcos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/50px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">President Marcos Jr., <a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Excellency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative style</th><td class="infobox-data">Mr. President</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongbong_Marcos_inaugural_address_6.30.22_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bongbong_Marcos_inaugural_address_6.30.22_%284%29.jpg/220px-Bongbong_Marcos_inaugural_address_6.30.22_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bongbong_Marcos_inaugural_address_6.30.22_%284%29.jpg/330px-Bongbong_Marcos_inaugural_address_6.30.22_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bongbong_Marcos_inaugural_address_6.30.22_%284%29.jpg/440px-Bongbong_Marcos_inaugural_address_6.30.22_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Marcos delivering his inaugural address.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20220725-SONAPBBM2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/20220725-SONAPBBM2.jpg/220px-20220725-SONAPBBM2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/20220725-SONAPBBM2.jpg/330px-20220725-SONAPBBM2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/20220725-SONAPBBM2.jpg/440px-20220725-SONAPBBM2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Marcos delivering <a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2022 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">his first State of the Nation Address</a> on July 25, 2022.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_actions">Early actions</h3></div> On June 30, 2022, at 12:00 noon <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PST</a>, Marcos Jr. took the oath of office as the 17th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Philippines" title="National Museum of the Philippines">National Museum of the Philippines</a> and was administered the oath by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gesmundo" title="Alexander Gesmundo">Alexander Gesmundo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_officially_declared_Philippines'_next_president-151">[151]</a> At concurrent capacity, Marcos appointed himself as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a>, in order to address inflation and personally monitor the food and agricultural sectors, while enacting efforts to boost farm outputs through various loan programs, affordable pricing measures, and machinery assistance.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_Names_Himself_Agriculture_Chief_to_Tackle_Food_Cost-152">[152]</a> Marcos's first <a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of executive orders by Bongbong Marcos">executive order</a> as president were abolishing two offices: the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Anti-Corruption_Commission" title="Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission">Presidential Anti Corruption Commission</a> and the Office of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary (Philippines)">Cabinet Secretary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The next day after his inauguration, Marcos signed a memorandum seeking to provide free train rides to students, and extends the free rides of the <a href="/wiki/EDSA_Carousel" title="EDSA Carousel">EDSA Carousel</a> until the end of December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-DOTr:_Marcos_extends_free_EDSA_Carousel_bus_rides,_OKs_free_train_rides_for_students-154">[154]</a> Twelve days later, on July 13, 2022, Marcos announced that the free train rides will only be limited to students using the <a href="/wiki/LRT_Line_2" class="mw-redirect" title="LRT Line 2">LRT Line 2</a>, due to the line's access points to the <a href="/wiki/University_Belt" title="University Belt">University Belt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DOTr:_Free_train_rides_for_students_now_only_on_LRT2-155">[155]</a> Two days after his inauguration, on July 2, 2022, Marcos <a href="/wiki/Vetoed" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetoed">vetoed</a> a bill sponsored by his sister Senator <a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a> that aimed to create a <a href="/wiki/Free_economic_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free economic zone">free economic zone</a> within <a href="/wiki/New_Manila_International_Airport" title="New Manila International Airport">New Manila International Airport</a>. Bongbong Marcos said that the bill would cite "substantial fiscal risks", lacked coherences with existing laws, and the proposed economic zone's location near the existing <a href="/wiki/Clark_Freeport_and_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone">Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone</a>; Marcos also called for further studies in establishing the planned economic zone.<a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_vetoes_bill_on_Bulacan_Airport_City_ecozone-156">[156]</a> On the same day, Marcos also ordered that the list of <a href="/wiki/Pantawid_Pamilyang_Pilipino_Program" title="Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program">Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program</a> beneficiaries to be cleansed after receiving reports of unqualified beneficiaries receiving cash assistance grants and downturned calls to surrender their accounts. On July 5, 2022, five days after his inauguration, Marcos held his first cabinet meeting, which was delayed during his inauguration, and laid out his first agenda, which primarily focuses on reviving the economy in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. During the meeting, Marcos led the discussions with his economic managers, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Finance (Philippines)">Finance Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Diokno" title="Benjamin Diokno">Benjamin Diokno</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">National Economic and Development Authority</a> Secretary <a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Balisacan" title="Arsenio Balisacan">Arsenio Balisacan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Medalla" title="Felipe Medalla">Felipe Medalla</a>, to give a briefing about the country's economic status, and to lay out plans to further revive the country's economy, while combating inflation.<a href="#cite_note-President_Marcos_focuses_on_PH_economy_in_first_Cabinet_meeting-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_holds_first_Cabinet_meeting-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_holds_first_Cabinet_meeting;_focus_on_PH_economy-159">[159]</a> Marcos also tackled issues regarding food security, transportation issues, and the reopening of face-to-face classes within the year.<a href="#cite_note-President_Marcos_focuses_on_PH_economy_in_first_Cabinet_meeting-157">[157]</a> On July 23, 2022, Marcos has vetoed a bill which seeks to strengthen the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC), as he cited that several provisions of the bill are "inequitable".<a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_vetoes_bill_strengthening_OGCC-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBM_vetoes_bill_for_govt_lawyers-161">[161]</a> On July 25, 2022, the same day of his first <a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2022 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">State of the Nation Address</a>, Marcos allowed Republic Act No. 11900, known as the <a href="/wiki/Vaporized_Nicotine_and_Non-Nicotine_Products_Regulation_Act" title="Vaporized Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Products Regulation Act">Vaporized Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Products Regulation Act</a> to lapse into law. The law became controversial, due to the hounding health risks regarding the usage of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_cigarette" title="Electronic cigarette">electronic cigarettes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heated_tobacco_product" title="Heated tobacco product">heated tobacco products</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Controversial_bill_lowering_the_age_for_vape_access_lapses_into_law:_Palace-162">[162]</a> In an effort to boost the country's booster shot campaign, Marcos launched the "PinasLakas" campaign to continue administering <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_booster" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 booster">COVID-19 booster</a> doses within the public, by targeting a total of at least 39 million Filipinos to get their booster shots.<a href="#cite_note-PinasLakas_administers_3.4M_1st_booster_dose_in_100_days-163">[163]</a> Two days after his first State of the Nation Address, following a meeting with Solicitor General <a href="/wiki/Menardo_Guevarra" title="Menardo Guevarra">Menardo Guevarra</a>, Presidential Legal Adviser <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a>, Executive Secretary <a href="/wiki/Vic_Rodriguez_(lawyer)" title="Vic Rodriguez (lawyer)">Vic Rodriguez</a>, Foreign Affairs Secretary <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Manalo" title="Enrique Manalo">Enrique Manalo</a>, Justice Secretary <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Crispin_Remulla" title="Jesus Crispin Remulla">Jesus Crispin Remulla</a>, and former presidential spokesman and lawyer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Roque" title="Harry Roque">Harry Roque</a> on July 27, 2022, Marcos expressed that the Philippines has no intention of rejoining the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>, as the death cases linked to the country's <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Drug War">drug war</a> of <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte">his predecessor's administration</a> are already being investigated by the government, and stated that the government is taking the necessary steps regarding the deaths.<a href="#cite_note-PH_has_no_intention_of_rejoining_ICC:_Marcos-164">[164]</a> On July 30, 2022, Marcos vetoed a bill which grants tax exemption on poll workers' <a href="/wiki/Honoraria" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoraria">honoraria</a> and the creation of a transport safety board, stating that the honoraria "counters the objective of the government's <a href="/wiki/Tax_Reform_for_Acceleration_and_Inclusion_Law" title="Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law">Comprehensive Tax Reform Program</a>", while mentioning that the proposed creation of a transport safety board "undertakes the functions by the different agencies" within the <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Philippines" title="Transportation in the Philippines">transport sector</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_vetoes_transport_safety_board,_tax-free_poll_workers’_honoraria_bills-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_explains_veto_on_bill_making_tax-exempt_teachers’_poll_service_pay-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agriculture_and_agrarian_reforms">Agriculture and agrarian reforms</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PBBM_holds_a_tour_and_inspection_of_another_Kadiwa_ng_Pangulo_(KNP)_outlet_in_Koronadal_City,_South_Cotabato_(03).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PBBM_holds_a_tour_and_inspection_of_another_Kadiwa_ng_Pangulo_%28KNP%29_outlet_in_Koronadal_City%2C_South_Cotabato_%2803%29.jpg/220px-PBBM_holds_a_tour_and_inspection_of_another_Kadiwa_ng_Pangulo_%28KNP%29_outlet_in_Koronadal_City%2C_South_Cotabato_%2803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PBBM_holds_a_tour_and_inspection_of_another_Kadiwa_ng_Pangulo_%28KNP%29_outlet_in_Koronadal_City%2C_South_Cotabato_%2803%29.jpg/330px-PBBM_holds_a_tour_and_inspection_of_another_Kadiwa_ng_Pangulo_%28KNP%29_outlet_in_Koronadal_City%2C_South_Cotabato_%2803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PBBM_holds_a_tour_and_inspection_of_another_Kadiwa_ng_Pangulo_%28KNP%29_outlet_in_Koronadal_City%2C_South_Cotabato_%2803%29.jpg/440px-PBBM_holds_a_tour_and_inspection_of_another_Kadiwa_ng_Pangulo_%28KNP%29_outlet_in_Koronadal_City%2C_South_Cotabato_%2803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Marcos at a Kadiwa Project outlet in <a href="/wiki/Koronadal" title="Koronadal">Koronadal</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a>, in June 2023</figcaption></figure> Subsequently serving as the Secretary of Agriculture, Marcos launched initiatives which aims to improve domestic agricultural output and production, while expanding measures to further establish a farm-to-market approach in providing agricultural products to local markets and far flung areas.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_wants_to_accelerate_efforts_to_build_agricultural_sector_back-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_orders_DA:_Create_farm-to-market_road_masterplan-168">[168]</a> In August 2022, as <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_sugar_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Philippine sugar crisis">high sugar prices impacted the country</a> due to the effects of <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Odette" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Odette">Typhoon Odette</a> in December 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Sugar_Regulatory_Administration" title="Sugar Regulatory Administration">Sugar Regulatory Administration</a> (SRA) in August 2022 released an order to import 300,000 metric tons (660,000,000 lb) of sugar, which is aimed to reduce costs and increase the sugar stockpiles. A few days later, Marcos rejected the proposed importation,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> and Malacañang deemed the move as illegal, as the move was made without Marcos's approval, nor signed by him.<a href="#cite_note-MB-ProbeSugar-170">[170]</a> SRA Undersecretary Leocadio Sebastian later apologized for the move and later resigned his post on Marcos; behalf,<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> prompting SRA Administrator Hermenegildo Serafica and SRA board member Roland Beltran to follow suit a few days later.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The move also caused Malacañang to instigate reforms within the SRA organization,<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> and launched a campaign into alleged efforts of using the sugar order as a "cover measure" for <a href="/wiki/Hoarding" title="Hoarding">hoarding</a> by sugar traders.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_urged_to_crack_down_on_sugar_hoarders-174">[174]</a> In November 2022, Marcos expanded the Kadiwa Project launched by the Duterte administration, which aims to offer fresh local produces to local markets and other key areas in lower prices, and creates a direct farm-to-market approach of goods and services.<a href="#cite_note-Kadiwa_store_program_eyed_until_February,_March_—_Bongbong_Marcos-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Expanded_Kadiwa_store_project_good_for_farmers,_consumers,_agri_group_says-176">[176]</a> The programs is located in various areas throughout the country and temporarily occupies various facilities owned by local governments. The move is also aimed to be expanded permanently to accommodate more consumers affected by inflation.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_eyes_permanent_Kadiwa_stores_nationwide-177">[177]</a> In January 2023, amid <a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Philippine_onion_crisis" title="2022–2023 Philippine onion crisis">rising prices of onions</a> in the country, Marcos approved the importation of 21,060 metric tons (46,430,000 lb) of onions to cater the gap caused by low local outputs,<a href="#cite_note-Onion_woes_'a_demand_and_supply_situation'_Marcos_says_as_prices_remain_high-178">[178]</a> and stated that the government was "left without a choice" despite approving the smuggled onions to be supplied in local markets.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_says_government_had_no_choice_but_import_onions_to_meet_demand-179">[179]</a> Marcos signed his fourth executive order on September 14, 2022, which establishes a one-year <a href="/wiki/Moratorium_(law)" title="Moratorium (law)">moratorium</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Amortization_(accounting)" title="Amortization (accounting)">amortization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a> payments of <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian reform">agrarian reform</a> beneficiaries. The move is seen to assist farmers from debt payments and allows a flexible approach in financial assistance.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In July 2023, Marcos signed the <a href="/wiki/New_Agrarian_Emancipation_Act" title="New Agrarian Emancipation Act">New Agrarian Emancipation Act</a>, freeing at least 600,000 agrarian reform beneficiaries of decades-old debts worth ₱57-billion under the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Agrarian_Reform_Program" title="Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program">Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> After serving as Secretary of Agriculture for over a year that was marked by a rise in food prices, Marcos relinquished his position and appointed <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tiu_Laurel_Jr." title="Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.">Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.</a>, president of a deep-sea fishing company and a donor to Marcos' 2022 presidential election campaign.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defense">Defense</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fumio_Kishida_and_Bongbong_Marcos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Fumio_Kishida_and_Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/220px-Fumio_Kishida_and_Bongbong_Marcos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Fumio_Kishida_and_Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/330px-Fumio_Kishida_and_Bongbong_Marcos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Fumio_Kishida_and_Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/440px-Fumio_Kishida_and_Bongbong_Marcos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption>Marcos with Japanese prime minister <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> in February 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20230501AS-1321.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/P20230501AS-1321.jpg/220px-P20230501AS-1321.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/P20230501AS-1321.jpg/330px-P20230501AS-1321.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/P20230501AS-1321.jpg/440px-P20230501AS-1321.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Marcos with United States president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in May 2023</figcaption></figure> In August 2022, the Marcos administration said it was considering ordering helicopters from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States military">United States military</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">Boeing CH-47 Chinook</a>, to replace the 16 Russian <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mil Mi-17</a> military helicopters purchased by the Duterte administration, but cancelled the program a few days before the end of Duterte's term out of concerns about existing <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="United States sanctions">United States sanctions</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a> (CAATSA) and possible future sanctions in response to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. Negotiations are also ongoing to procure limited units which was paid by the government to <a href="/wiki/Rosoboronexport" title="Rosoboronexport">Rosoboronexport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_Turns_to_US_To_Fill_Canceled_Russian_Helicopter_Contract-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_committed_to_continuing_AFP_modernization_program_–_military_official-184">[184]</a> Marcos expressed support for the <a href="/wiki/AFP_Modernization_Act" title="AFP Modernization Act">AFP Modernization Program</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_eyes_‘stronger,_bigger’_air_force_to_defend_PH-185">[185]</a> which aims to boost the country's defense capabilities. Stating that the country's external security situation is becoming "more complex and unpredictable", Marcos ordered the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> to shift its focus on its defense operations against external threats, due to the lower risks in the country's insurgencies, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, and the potential Chinese invasion of Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-PBBM_assures_support_for_AFP_modernization,_enhanced_troop_readiness-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos:_AFP_modernization_to_continue_‘to_address_present_dangers’_PH_is_facing-187">[187]</a> During the 125th-anniversary celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Philippine Navy</a>, Marcos announced plans to acquire the Philippines' first <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a>. The French-based <a href="/wiki/Naval_Group" title="Naval Group">Naval Group</a>, along with other contenders, has offered its <a href="/wiki/Scorp%C3%A8ne-class_submarine" title="Scorpène-class submarine">Scorpène-class submarines</a> to strengthen the Navy.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> With an aim to enhance the country's defense capabilities, Marcos has approved the "Re-Horizon 3" of the AFP Modernization Program, which is also known as the RAFMP. The $35 billion plan revised modernization program will be spread out over 10 years and aims to modernize the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> based on the Comprehensive Archipelagic Defense Concept (CADC), a defense concept aimed at strengthening the country's external defense deterrence by projecting power within the <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_the_Philippines" title="Exclusive economic zone of the Philippines">Philippine's 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benham_Rise" title="Benham Rise">Benham Rise</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Luzon_Strait" title="Luzon Strait">Luzon Strait</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a> through inter-island defenses doctrines, multi-layered domain strategies, and long-range strike capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-CADC_to_allow_PH_to_defend_sea_lanes_of_communication-189">[189]</a> The concept also aims to strengthen the country's aerial and maritime domain awareness, connectivity, and intelligence capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_approved_AFP_modernization's_'Horizon_3'_—Teodoro-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFP_modernization's_Horizon_3_to_focus_on_archipelagic_defense-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_Jr._approves_military_procurement_‘wish_list’-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education_2">Education</h4></div> In August 2022, despite the low <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">COVID-19 vaccination</a> rate among Filipino students with a total vaccination rate of only 19%, Marcos, along with <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Education (Philippines)">Education Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a>, reopened onsite classes throughout the country, with 46% or 24,000 schools throughout the country reopening their classes on August 22. Meanwhile, 29,721 schools were allowed to continue implementing <a href="/wiki/Blended_learning" title="Blended learning">blended learning</a> from August to October 2022,<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> while the full implementation of onsite classes began within November 2022, with 97.5% of public schools returning to onsite classes, while the remaining 2.36% of classes were temporarily held online due to the effects of <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Nalgae" title="Tropical Storm Nalgae">Severe Tropical Storm Paeng</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DepEd:_97.5%_ng_public_schools,_nakabalik_na_sa_full_F2F_classes-194">[194]</a> Marcos also reviewed the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312" title="K–12">K–12</a> program as part of his push to modernize the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">country's education system</a>, and laid out measures such as system reforms to address the lack of jobs and potential job mismatches, reviewing the usage of English as a medium of instruction in schools, and improving the country's education technology systems.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos:_K-12_program_under_careful_review-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_wants_review_of_education_curriculum_to_address_jobs_mismatch-196">[196]</a> Marcos also expressed his support to modernize the country's schools by improving science-related subjects and courses, theoretical aptitude, and vocational skills.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos_vows_upgrade_of_schools,_teachers-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_vows_reform_in_PH_education:_Not_in_history_but_in_sciences,_vocational_skills-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy">Economy</h4></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos#Economy" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">Presidency of Bongbong Marcos § Economy</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Real_gross_domestic_product" title="Real gross domestic product">Real GDP growth rate</a> (year-on-year) under the Marcos Jr. administration </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Quarter </th> <th scope="col">Growth rate (%) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2">2022 </th> <td>3rd </td> <td>7.6<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th </td> <td>7.2<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="4">2023 </th> <td>1st </td> <td>6.4<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd </td> <td>4.3<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd </td> <td>6.0<a href="#cite_note-Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos_PSAGovPH-Q42023NAP-203">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th </td> <td>5.6<a href="#cite_note-Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos_PSAGovPH-Q42023NAP-203">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="4">2024 </th> <td>1st </td> <td>5.7<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd </td> <td>6.3<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd </td> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>4th </td> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PBBM_approves_NEDA%E2%80%99s_PH_Development_Plan_for_2023-2028.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PBBM_approves_NEDA%E2%80%99s_PH_Development_Plan_for_2023-2028.jpg/220px-PBBM_approves_NEDA%E2%80%99s_PH_Development_Plan_for_2023-2028.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PBBM_approves_NEDA%E2%80%99s_PH_Development_Plan_for_2023-2028.jpg/330px-PBBM_approves_NEDA%E2%80%99s_PH_Development_Plan_for_2023-2028.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PBBM_approves_NEDA%E2%80%99s_PH_Development_Plan_for_2023-2028.jpg/440px-PBBM_approves_NEDA%E2%80%99s_PH_Development_Plan_for_2023-2028.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Marcos convenes a <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">NEDA</a> meeting at Malacañang Palace in December 2022, approving the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2023-2028.</figcaption></figure> About 63% of Filipinos considers themselves poor by the fourth quarter of 2024 amidsts the rising inflation, which was the highest since 2003.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Exports began to decline during his administration. Following an all-time high of nearly $80 billion in 2022, it declined to $74 billion in 2023, and $68 billion in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The Marcos administration approved the inclusion of the Philippines to the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a> (RCEP) <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a>, which was ratified by the Senate on February 21, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> His administration also formed the <a href="/wiki/Private_Sector_Advisory_Council" title="Private Sector Advisory Council">Private Sector Advisory Council</a>, a council that will advise the President on economic affairs.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Marcos issued an executive order suspending e-sabong (online cockfighting) operations in the country.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> He also issued an executive order banning <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Offshore_Gaming_Operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Offshore Gaming Operator">Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators</a> (POGOs), citing concerns for national security.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Residential condominiums and offices markets were severely affected following the POGO ban, which saw a vacancy rate of up to 20.5% following the surrender of spaces and non-renewals of leases from POGOs.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PBBM-World_Economic_Forum-PH4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PBBM-World_Economic_Forum-PH4.jpg/220px-PBBM-World_Economic_Forum-PH4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PBBM-World_Economic_Forum-PH4.jpg/330px-PBBM-World_Economic_Forum-PH4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PBBM-World_Economic_Forum-PH4.jpg/440px-PBBM-World_Economic_Forum-PH4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1431" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Marcos with <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> president <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> and Swiss president <a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Alain Berset</a> at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, Switzerland, in January 2023</figcaption></figure> In the early years of his presidency, he sought to prioritize the country's post-<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">COVID-19 pandemic</a> economy as highlighted by his economic agenda.<a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_team_presents_8-point_economic_agenda-216">[216]</a> He lift the lockdowns and facemask restrictions. His administration sought to target a 6.5 to 7.5% <a href="/wiki/Real_gross_domestic_product" title="Real gross domestic product">real gross domestic product</a> (GDP) growth rate, with a 6.5 to 8% annual real GDP growth rate, a 9% or single-digit <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Philippines" title="Poverty in the Philippines">poverty</a> rate by 2028, a 3% national <a href="/wiki/Government_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Government deficit">government deficit</a>-to-GDP ratio by 2028, lowering the country's <a href="/wiki/Debt-to-GDP_ratio" title="Debt-to-GDP ratio">debt-to-GDP ratio</a> to less than 60% by 2025, and securing an <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">upper middle-income status</a> by 2024 with a <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>4,256 income per capita, which is part of his 2023–2028 fiscal strategy. Marcos also supports the creation of additional <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">economic zones</a> in various areas of the country to attract investments and laid out plans to impose <a href="/wiki/Digital_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital tax">digital taxes</a> and improve the country's tax compliance procedures which should improve revenue collections and cut the country's debts, while maintaining the country's disbursements at above 20 percent of its GDP.<a href="#cite_note-What_Marcos_said_in_his_first_SONA,_from_A-Z-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_bares_plans_for_economic_recovery_in_first_SONA-218">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Insurgency">Insurgency</h4></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos#Insurgency" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">Presidency of Bongbong Marcos § Insurgency</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> To harmonize the Bangsamoro peace agreements of the <a href="/wiki/1976_Tripoli_Agreement" title="1976 Tripoli Agreement">1976 Tripoli Agreement</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1996_Final_Peace_Agreement" title="1996 Final Peace Agreement">1996 Final Peace Agreement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Agreement_on_the_Bangsamoro" title="Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro">2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Presidential_Adviser_on_Peace,_Reconciliation_and_Unity" title="Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity">Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity</a> facilitated the participation of the <a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a> (MNLF) in the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_Transition_Authority" title="Bangsamoro Transition Authority">Bangsamoro Transition Authority</a> (BTA). On August 14, Marcos appointed new members of the BTA, and included Abdulkarim Misuari and Nurrheda Misuari, son and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Nur_Misuari" title="Nur Misuari">Nur Misuari</a>, in an effort to unite former warring members of the MNLF and the <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> under one Bangsamoro autonomous government.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Communist_policy">Communist policy</h4></div> Amid the weakening of the communist fronts by the military, in May 2023, Marcos directed the "recalibration" of the <a href="/wiki/NTF-ELCAC" class="mw-redirect" title="NTF-ELCAC">NTF-ELCAC</a> to shift its previous "aggressive" policy and become "bringers of peace".<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Marcos appointed Vice President <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a> as co-vice chair of the NTF-ELCAC.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> As part of his administration's peace initiatives, in November 2023, Marcos granted amnesty to former rebels of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a>-<a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army" title="New People's Army">New People's Army</a>-<a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Democratic Front (Philippines)">National Democratic Front</a> (CPP-NPA-NDF), <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> (MILF), and <a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a> (MNLF); he also granted amnesty to members of the Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Pilipinas/Revolutionary Proletarian Army/Alex Boncayao Brigade (RPMP-RPA-ABB).<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> In a surprise reversal of Duterte's policy, Marcos announced in November 2023 the revival of peace talks with the communists, a move critics see as a grave mistake. Negotiations between the Marcos administration and the NDF began in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> as early as 2022, but were withheld to the public.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> After the Supreme Court ruled in May 2024 that <a href="/wiki/Red-tagging_in_the_Philippines" title="Red-tagging in the Philippines">red-tagging</a> threatens a person's right to life, liberty, or security, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karapatan" title="Karapatan">Karapatan</a> called on Marcos to abolish the NTF-ELCAC. Marcos rejected the calls for abolition, saying the task force was instrumental in reducing the country's internal security threat.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</h4></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos#Telecommunications" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">Presidency of Bongbong Marcos § Telecommunications</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In 2022, the Marcos administration launched the BroadBand ng Masa Program (BBMP) to provide free WiFi connections in remote areas.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> To "boost government initiatives against scams committed through text and online messages", Marcos signed <a href="/wiki/SIM_Registration_Act" title="SIM Registration Act">his first law</a>, which mandated <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> registration;<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> by the end of the July 2023 deadline, a total of 113.9 million SIM cards were registered, and about 54 million unregistered mobile numbers were deactivated.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of international presidential trips made by Bongbong Marcos">List of international presidential trips made by Bongbong Marcos</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongbong_Marcos_delivered_remarks_at_the_General_Assembly_Hall_for_2022_UNGA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bongbong_Marcos_delivered_remarks_at_the_General_Assembly_Hall_for_2022_UNGA.jpg/220px-Bongbong_Marcos_delivered_remarks_at_the_General_Assembly_Hall_for_2022_UNGA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bongbong_Marcos_delivered_remarks_at_the_General_Assembly_Hall_for_2022_UNGA.jpg/330px-Bongbong_Marcos_delivered_remarks_at_the_General_Assembly_Hall_for_2022_UNGA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bongbong_Marcos_delivered_remarks_at_the_General_Assembly_Hall_for_2022_UNGA.jpg/440px-Bongbong_Marcos_delivered_remarks_at_the_General_Assembly_Hall_for_2022_UNGA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption>Marcos addresses the <a href="/wiki/Seventy-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Seventy-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">77th session of the United Nations General Assembly</a> on September 20, 2022.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongbong_Marcos_and_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bongbong_Marcos_and_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy.jpg/220px-Bongbong_Marcos_and_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bongbong_Marcos_and_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy.jpg/330px-Bongbong_Marcos_and_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bongbong_Marcos_and_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy.jpg/440px-Bongbong_Marcos_and_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Marcos speaks with Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> during <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="List of international presidential trips made by Volodymyr Zelenskyy">the latter's visit to Manila</a> on June 3, 2024.</figcaption></figure> Early in his presidency, Marcos promised to continue his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>'s foreign policy of being "friends to all, enemies to none".<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Marcos initially sought <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">closer ties with China</a>,<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> but has since been increasingly seen as more pro-American than Duterte in an attempt to create a centrist-style balancing act between the two superpowers.<a href="#cite_note-Marcos:_PH_rejects_claims_SCS_disputes_due_to_rivalry_of_2_'powerful_countries'-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Philippines’_Quest_for_Balance:_Marcos’_Foreign_Policy-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Philippines_Is_America’s_New_Star_Ally_in_Asia-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marcos_Jr_fashions_a_flexible_foreign_policy_for_the_Philippines-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> During his first <a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2022 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">State of the Nation Address</a>, Marcos promised to "not preside over any process that will abandon even one-square inch of territory of the Republic of the Philippines to any foreign power".<a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_stands_firm_on_protecting_PH_waters-237">[237]</a> Under his presidency, Marcos intensified the Philippines' cooperation on both economic and defense arrangements to <a href="/wiki/Western_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Western countries">Western countries</a>, such as the United States, Japan, Australia, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, while strengthening its defense posture within the region.<a href="#cite_note-Sea_Change:_‘Bongbong’_Marcos_and_the_Future_of_the_South_China_Sea-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-Philippine_President_Marcos_Jr.’s_Foreign_Policy_Emphasizes_Cooperation-239">[239]</a> Marcos approved the designation of four additional bases to be used by the United States military under the <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Defense_Cooperation_Agreement" title="Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement">Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> In May 2024, the Philippines and the United States held its largest <a href="/wiki/Balikatan" title="Balikatan">Balikatan</a> military exercises, fueling concerns from local civilians who fear they would be affected in any future war between the US and China.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> The deployment of the United States' Typhon Weapons System in an undisclosed location in northern <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> also caught the attention of Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, who said that Russia should resume producing nuclear-capable missiles and consider where to deploy them.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Marcos called on all involved parties on the South China Sea to abide by the 1982 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> in order to diffuse potential conflicts in the future.<a href="#cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos:_Abide_by_Unclos_to_prevent_conflict_in_South_China_Sea-243">[243]</a> Due to Marcos' "transparency thrust" in dealing with the aggressive actions of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Coast Guard">Chinese Coast Guard</a> and the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">China–Philippines relations</a> have significantly deteriorated during Marcos's tenure, with increasing tensions over <a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="Territorial disputes in the South China Sea">territorial disputes in the South China Sea</a><a href="#cite_note-Philippines_strikes_security_deals_as_tensions_rise_with_China_at_sea-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> and the Philippines withdrawing from the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt and Road initiative">Belt and Road initiative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Court_cases">Court cases</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income_and_estate_tax_case_convictions">Income and estate tax case convictions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_vs_Marcos_Tax_Evader.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Protest_vs_Marcos_Tax_Evader.jpg/220px-Protest_vs_Marcos_Tax_Evader.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Protest_vs_Marcos_Tax_Evader.jpg/330px-Protest_vs_Marcos_Tax_Evader.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Protest_vs_Marcos_Tax_Evader.jpg/440px-Protest_vs_Marcos_Tax_Evader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption>Protests against Marcos over his involvement in tax evasion in September 2022</figcaption></figure> On June 27, 1990, a special tax audit team of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Internal_Revenue_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines)">Bureau of Internal Revenue</a> (BIR) investigated the tax liabilities and obligations of the late Ferdinand Marcos Sr., who died on September 29, 1989. The investigation disclosed in a 1991 memorandum that the <a href="/wiki/Marcos_family" title="Marcos family">Marcos family</a> had failed to file <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Estate tax">estate tax</a> returns and several <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> returns covering the years of 1982 to 1986 in violation of the National Internal Revenue Code.<a href="#cite_note-gr-120880-247">[247]</a> The BIR also issued a deficiency estate tax assessment against the estate of the late Ferdinand Marcos Sr. in 1991 for unpaid estate taxes from 1982 to 1985, and 1985 to 1986, totaling ₱23,293,607,638 (₱97,792,696,739 in 2022). Formal assessment notices were served to Bongbong Marcos at his office at the <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa_Complex" title="Batasang Pambansa Complex">Batasang Pambansa Complex</a> on October 20, 1992, who was then the representative of the 2nd District of Ilocos Norte. Several notices of <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">levy</a> were also issued by the BIR February 22, 1993, to May 26, 1993, to satisfy the deficiency of estate tax returns, to no avail.<a href="#cite_note-gr-120880-247">[247]</a> On March 12, 1993, lawyer Loreto Ata, representing Bongbong Marcos, called the attention of the BIR to notify them of any action taken by the BIR against his client. Bongbong Marcos then filed an instant petition on June 25, 1993, for <a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> and prohibition to contest the estate tax deficiency assessment.<a href="#cite_note-gr-120880-247">[247]</a> On July 27, 1995, <a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Quezon City Regional Trial Court</a> Judge Benedicto Ulep convicted Marcos to seven years in jail and a fine of US$2,812 (₱138,491 in 2025) plus back taxes for <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a> in his failure to file an <a href="/wiki/Income_tax_return" class="mw-redirect" title="Income tax return">income tax return</a> from the period of 1982 to 1985 while sitting as the vice governor of Ilocos Norte (1980–1983) and as governor of Ilocos Norte (1983–1986).<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Marcos subsequently appealed the decision to the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_the_Philippines" title="Court of Appeals of the Philippines">Court of Appeals</a> over his conviction. However, in 1994, the Court of Appeals ruled that the estate tax deficiency assessment had become "final and unappealable", allowing it to be enforced.<a href="#cite_note-isko-marcos-estate-tax-249">[249]</a> On October 31, 1997, the Court of Appeals affirmed its earlier decision with Marcos being convicted for the failure of the filing of an income tax return under Section 45 of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1977 while being acquitted of tax evasion under the charge of violating Section 50 of the same statute. In spite of the removal of the penalty of imprisonment, Marcos was ordered the payment of <a href="/wiki/Back_taxes" title="Back taxes">back income taxes</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Internal_Revenue_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines)">Bureau of Internal Revenue</a> (BIR) with interest and the issuance of corresponding fines of ₱2,000 per count of non-filing of income tax returns from 1982 to 1984 and ₱30,000 for 1985, plus the accrued interest.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Marcos later filed a petition for <a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a> over the modified conviction imposed by the Court of Appeals but subsequently withdrew his petition on August 8, 2001, thereby declaring the ruling as final and executory.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> In 2021, the Quezon City Regional Trial Court certified that there were no records on file of Marcos settling the corresponding tax dues and fines.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> However, according to Marcos's campaign team, documents issued by the Supreme Court, the BIR, and a receipt issued by the <a href="/wiki/Land_Bank_of_the_Philippines" title="Land Bank of the Philippines">Land Bank of the Philippines</a> state that the tax dues were paid,<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> while elections commissioner <a href="/wiki/Rowena_Guanzon" title="Rowena Guanzon">Rowena Guanzon</a> noted that the documents Marcos submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Commission on Elections</a> were not receipts of taxes paid to the BIR but rather receipts from the Land Bank for lease rentals.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Commission on Elections</a> ruled against the consolidated disqualification cases against Marcos and stated that "Further, to prove the absence of any ill-intention and bad faith on his part," Marcos submitted a Bureau of Internal Revenue certification and an official receipt from the Landbank, showing his compliance with the CA decision directing him to pay deficiency income taxes amounting to a little over ₱67,000, including fines and surcharges.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> The estate tax deficiency assessment issued by the BIR has remained uncollected since the Supreme Court ruling on October 12, 1991. Since the ruling of the Supreme Court in 1997 which had junked the petition of Marcos to contest the estate tax deficiency assessment, under the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Fidel Ramos">Ramos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Arroyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidency of Benigno Aquino III">Aquino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte">Duterte</a> administrations, the BIR has issued renewed written demands on the Marcos family to pay the estate tax liabilities, which has remained unpaid. As a result, the estate tax deficiency assessment, with penalties, is estimated to have ballooned to ₱203,819,066,829 (₱203.819 billion) as of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-marocs-estate-tax-debt-259">[259]</a> The unpaid estate tax return was used as grounds in one petition to cancel Marcos's certificate of candidacy for president in the 2022 elections. On March 1, 2022, presidential candidate and Manila mayor <a href="/wiki/Isko_Moreno" title="Isko Moreno">Isko Moreno</a> said that he would implement the Supreme Court ruling ordering the Marcos family to pay their estate tax debts if elected, vowing to use the proceeds as relief aid (ayuda) for victims of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-isko-marcos-estate-tax-249">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Ramel" title="Ernest Ramel">Ernest Ramel</a>, the secretary general of Aksyon Demokratiko, the party of Moreno continuously called out BIR about the issue.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-261">[261]</a> On March 28, 2022, Senator <a href="/wiki/Koko_Pimentel" title="Koko Pimentel">Aquilino Pimentel III</a> filed Senate Resolution No. 998, stating an urgent and pressing need for the Senate to look into why the estate tax has remained uncollected for almost 25 years, which the amount has already been ruled to be due and demandable against the heirs of his father.<a href="#cite_note-pimentel-senate-resolution-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007_Payanig_sa_Pasig_property_case_motion">2007 Payanig sa Pasig property case motion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Payanig_sa_Pasig_land_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Payanig sa Pasig land dispute">Payanig sa Pasig land dispute</a></div> On June 19, 2007,<a href="#cite_note-hrclaimpayanig-263">[263]</a> Marcos Jr. filed a motion to intervene in, OCLP v. PCGG, Civil Case Number 0093 at the Sandiganbayan, the Philippines' anti-graft court.<a href="#cite_note-hrclaimpayanig-263">[263]</a> The case had been filed by Ortigas & Company, Ltd. Partnership (OCLP) against the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) over the 18-hectare (44-acre) former Payanig sa Pasig property bordering <a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Avenue" title="Ortigas Avenue">Ortigas Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Vargas_Avenue" title="Julia Vargas Avenue">Julia Vargas Avenue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meralco_Avenue" title="Meralco Avenue">Meralco Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, which had been the site of the 'Payanig sa Pasig' theme park, but is now the location of various businesses, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Metrowalk" title="Metrowalk">Metrowalk</a> shopping and recreation complex.<a href="#cite_note-abscbnpayanigblock-264">[264]</a> The PCGG considers the property the "crown jewel" among the properties sequestered from the Marcoses' ill-gotten wealth, estimating its minimum value to be about ₱16.5 billion in March 2015.<a href="#cite_note-PCGGSellPayanig2015-265">[265]</a> The property had been surrendered to the PCGG in 1986, as part of the settlement deal of Marcos crony <a href="/wiki/Jose_Yao_Campos" title="Jose Yao Campos">Jose Yao Campos</a>, who was holding the property under various companies on Marcos Sr.'s behalf.<a href="#cite_note-CamposAssets-266">[266]</a> Ortigas & Company countered that Marcos Sr. had coerced them to sell the property to him in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-abscbnpayanigblock-264">[264]</a> Marcos Jr.'s motion claimed that his father had bought the property legally, but the Sandiganbayan dismissed his motion on October 18, 2008, saying it had already dismissed a similar motion filed years earlier by his mother Imelda.<a href="#cite_note-sonappealspayanig-267">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_Hawaii_contempt_judgement">2011 Hawaii contempt judgement</h3></div> In 2011, the Hawaii District Court ruled Bongbong Marcos and his mother Imelda Marcos to be in contempt,<a href="#cite_note-PDIBongbongImeldaLoseAppeal-268">[268]</a> fining them US$353.6 million (₱17,414,799,999.93 in 2025) fine for not respecting an injunction from a 1992 judgement in a human rights victims case, which commanded them not to dissipate the assets of Ferdinand Marcos's estate.<a href="#cite_note-Honolulu_Civil_Beat-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-EnforceUSImeldaBongbongRuling-270">[270]</a> The ruling was upheld by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals</a> on October 24, 2012, and is believed to be "the largest contempt award ever affirmed by an appellate court."<a href="#cite_note-EnforceUSImeldaBongbongRuling-270">[270]</a> While the 1992 case was against Ferdinand Marcos, the 2011 judgment was against Imelda and Bongbong personally.<a href="#cite_note-PDIMarcosesInContempt-271">[271]</a> The judgement also effectively barred Imelda and Bongbong from entering any US territory.<a href="#cite_note-PDIBongbongImeldaLoseAppeal-268">[268]</a> However, on June 9, 2022, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Deputy Secretary of State">United States Deputy Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Sherman" title="Wendy Sherman">Wendy Sherman</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> clarified in a roundtable discussion with local reporters during a state visit, that as a head of state, Marcos enjoys <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a> in all circumstances, stating that he is welcome to visit the United States under his official role.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcos_and_Xi_couples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Marcos_and_Xi_couples.jpg/220px-Marcos_and_Xi_couples.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Marcos_and_Xi_couples.jpg/330px-Marcos_and_Xi_couples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Marcos_and_Xi_couples.jpg/440px-Marcos_and_Xi_couples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>The Marcos couple meets Chinese president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in January 2023</figcaption></figure> Marcos has described his political views as "<a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(politics)" title="Machiavellianism (politics)">Machiavellian</a>".<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> He has also described the "spirit of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>" as a force driving progress in the Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Before taking office, Marcos has been described in media reports as a <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> On social issues, he is in favor of legalizing abortion for rape and incest victims<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> as well as divorce and same-sex unions.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Marcos is also opposed to reinstating the death penalty for convicted heinous criminals<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> and lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility to 12.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> In terms of economic policy, analysts have speculated that Marcos would pursue liberal policies as opposed to protectionist rhetoric during his presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marcos-Duterte_feud">Marcos-Duterte feud</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Bongbong_Marcos_meets_former_President_Rodrigo_Duterte_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang_on_August_2,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/President_Bongbong_Marcos_meets_former_President_Rodrigo_Duterte_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang_on_August_2%2C_2023.jpg/220px-President_Bongbong_Marcos_meets_former_President_Rodrigo_Duterte_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang_on_August_2%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/President_Bongbong_Marcos_meets_former_President_Rodrigo_Duterte_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang_on_August_2%2C_2023.jpg/330px-President_Bongbong_Marcos_meets_former_President_Rodrigo_Duterte_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang_on_August_2%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/President_Bongbong_Marcos_meets_former_President_Rodrigo_Duterte_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang_on_August_2%2C_2023.jpg/440px-President_Bongbong_Marcos_meets_former_President_Rodrigo_Duterte_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang_on_August_2%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>Marcos with his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>, at Malacañang in August 2023</figcaption></figure> Amid the feud of the Marcos and Duterte clans in late April 2023, House Speaker and Marcos' cousin <a href="/wiki/Martin_Romualdez" title="Martin Romualdez">Martin Romualdez</a> said the House of Representatives will probe into an agreement former president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> made during <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte">his presidency</a> with Chinese president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>. Under the agreement, Duterte agreed to maintain the "status quo" in the South China Sea to avoid escalating a war. Political analyst Ronald Llamas said the probe was engineered by Marcos as a "political payback" to Duterte's verbal attacks and to reduce Duterte's political influence ahead of the 2025 midterm elections.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> In 2024, Duterte criticized the Marcos administration's curtailment of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> in violation of the 1987 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Bill of Rights</a>. Duterte's nationwide "Hakbang ng Maisug (brave) <a href="/wiki/Prayer_protest" title="Prayer protest">prayer</a>-<a href="/wiki/Prayer_meeting" title="Prayer meeting">rallies</a>, which Duterte said the Marcos administration deliberately aimed to thwart, suffered setbacks and cancellations.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Duterte, however, said he prayed for Marcos to survive until the end of his term since Duterte does not want himself or his daughter Sara to become president.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> In November 2024, Philippine authorities subpoenaed vice president Duterte after she threatened to have Marcos, his wife, and the House Speaker assassinated if she were killed. Marcos condemned her remarks as a criminal threat and increased his security, while <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_A%C3%B1o" title="Eduardo Año">Eduardo Año</a> called the threats a national security concern. Duterte clarified that her comments were not threats but a concern for her safety, dismissing the government's actions as politically motivated. She was ordered to appear before the National Bureau of Investigation, with such statements potentially leading to criminal charges.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> Despite growing calls for Duterte's impeachment,<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> Marcos has publicly voiced his opinion against impeaching her, calling it "a storm in a teacup" and considering the move inconsequential to the lives of Filipinos.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_profile">Public profile</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_distortionism">Historical distortionism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Historical_distortion_regarding_Ferdinand_Marcos#Historical_denialism" title="Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos">Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos § Historical denialism</a></div> As with other Marcos family members who have stayed in the public eye since their return to the Philippines,<a href="#cite_note-CMFR20160310-295">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-MerlinaHernandoMalipot20180907-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-NikDeYnchausti20160923-297">[297]</a> Marcos has received significant criticism for instances of <a href="/wiki/Historical_denialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical denialism">historical denialism</a>, and his trivialization of the human rights violations and economic plunder that took place during the Marcos administration, and of the role he played in the administration.<a href="#cite_note-amnestyInternational1975-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-singaporeSwissFunds-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-rapplerNoApologies-300">[300]</a> Specific criticisms have been leveled at Marcos for being unapologetic for human rights violations<a href="#cite_note-amnestyInternational1975-298">[298]</a> and ill-gotten wealth<a href="#cite_note-singaporeSwissFunds-299">[299]</a> during <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">his father</a>'s administration.<a href="#cite_note-unfazed-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-noDownsides-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-gmaBongToCritics-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-rapplerNoApologies-300">[300]</a> Of the human rights victims, Marcos Jr. said of them in 1999: "They don't want an apology, they want money."<a href="#cite_note-onlyWantMoney-304">[304]</a> He then proceeded to state that his family would apologize only if they had done something wrong. When victims of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos#Human_rights_abuses" title="Ferdinand Marcos">human rights abuses during his father's administration</a> commemorated the 40th year of the proclamation of martial law in 2012, Marcos Jr. dismissed their calls for an apology for the atrocities as "self-serving statements by politicians, self-aggrandizement narratives, pompous declarations, and political posturing and propaganda."<a href="#cite_note-mlLateStrongmanSon-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-enrilesMemoir-306">[306]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a> later that year, Bongbong cited the various court decisions against the Marcos family as a reason not to apologize for Martial Law abuses, saying "we have a judgment against us in the billions. What more would people want?"<a href="#cite_note-SydneyMorningHerald20121124-1">[1]</a> During his 2016 vice presidential campaign, Marcos responded to then-president <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a>'s criticism of the Marcos regime and call to oppose his election run. He dismissed the events, saying Filipinos should "leave history to the professors."<a href="#cite_note-inqLetHistorians-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-gmaLeaveItToProfs-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-absLetHistorians-309">[309]</a> This prompted over 500 faculty, staff and history professors from the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a> to immediately issue a statement condemning his dismissive retort as part of "an ongoing willful distortion of our history," and a "shameless refusal to acknowledge the crimes of the Martial Law regime."<a href="#cite_note-AdMUStatement-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-AdMUStatementPDF-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-AteneoPresidents-312">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-inqAteneoProfsSlam-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-interaksyonAteneoProfsThumbDown-314">[314]</a> More than 1,400 Catholic schools, through the Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP), later joined the call of the Ateneo faculty "against the attempt of [Marcos] to canonize the harrowing horrors of martial rule."<a href="#cite_note-ceapStatement-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-abs1400-316">[316]</a> This was also followed by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a>'s Department of History, which released a statement of its own, decrying what they called a "dangerous" effort for Marcos to create "myth and deception."<a href="#cite_note-fbUPHistoryDeptStatement-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-inqMarcosDeception-318">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-PhilStarUpProfsSlam-319">[319]</a> On September 20, 2018, Marcos Jr. released a YouTube video showing a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-t%C3%AAte" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:tête-à-tête">tête-à-tête</a> between him and former senate president <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a>, who had been his father's defense minister before playing a key role in his ouster during the 1986 EDSA revolution.<a href="#cite_note-PatriciaLourdesViray20180921-320">[320]</a> The video made a number of claims, which were quickly refuted and denounced by martial law victims, including former senate president <a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development">DSWD</a> secretary <a href="/wiki/Judy_Taguiwalo" title="Judy Taguiwalo">Judy Taguiwalo</a>, former Commission on Human Rights chair <a href="/wiki/Etta_Rosales" title="Etta Rosales">Etta Rosales</a>, and writer <a href="/wiki/Boni_Ilagan" title="Boni Ilagan">Boni Ilagan</a>, among others. Enrile later backpedaled from some of his claims, attributing them to "unlucid intervals."<a href="#cite_note-PaoloRomero20181026-321">[321]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_presence">Online presence</h3></div> According to research by <a href="/wiki/Vera_Files" title="Vera Files">Vera Files</a>, Marcos benefited the most from fake news from the Philippines in 2017, along with President Rodrigo Duterte.<a href="#cite_note-VeraFiles-2017-322">[322]</a> Most viral news were driven by shares on networks of Facebook pages.<a href="#cite_note-VeraFiles-2017-322">[322]</a> Also, most Philippine audience Facebook pages and groups spreading online disinformation bore "Duterte", "Marcos" or "News" in their names and are pro-Duterte.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Kaiser" title="Brittany Kaiser">Brittany Kaiser</a> alleged in an interview that Marcos had approached the controversial firm <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Analytica" title="Cambridge Analytica">Cambridge Analytica</a> in order to "rebrand" the Marcos family image on social media.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> Marcos's spokesperson Vic Rodriguez denied these allegations and stated that Marcos is considering filing libel charges against <a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a>, which published Kaiser's interview.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impostor_urban_legend">Impostor urban legend</h3></div> Between the late 70s and early 80s, an urban legend became popular claiming that Marcos Jr. was stabbed and died during a scuffle while studying abroad. The Marcos family allegedly looked for Bongbong's look-alike to replace him. This was later debunked by Marcos in one of his vlogs. The origins of this urban legend remain unknown.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tallano_gold_myth">Tallano gold myth</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tallano_gold" title="Tallano gold">Tallano gold</a></div> In 1990, during a coverage of Imelda Marcos's trial in New York, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Inquirer</a> journalist Kristina Luz interviewed then-33-year-old exiled Bongbong Marcos and asked where the Marcos wealth came from. Marcos responded "only I know where the gold is and how to get it". This was corroborated in a 1992 report by the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> that quoted Imelda Marcos saying that her husband's wealth came "from the Japanese and other gold he found after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and not from the Philippine coffers." In 2007, Marcos informed the anti-graft court <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a> that his <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">father</a>'s wealth came from trading "precious metals more specifically gold from the years 1946 to 1954" when he tried to win back the <a href="#2007_Payanig_sa_Pasig_property_case_motion">Ortigas Payanig property in Pasig</a> from the national government.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> The myth surrounding the gold allegedly owned by the Marcos family has been the subject of various misinformation, as in 2011, a Facebook post claimed that a certain "Tallano clan" had paid Ferdinand Marcos Sr. in gold for his legal services. Several years later, supporters of the Marcos family in a Facebook page called "Marcos Cyber Warriors" also claimed that Marcos Sr.'s wealth came from his former law client, the "Maharlikan Tallano family".<a href="#cite_note-InqTallano-328">[328]</a> This has resulted in a long-running belief that should Bongbong Marcos win as president, he will give Filipinos a share of this gold. However during his <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">Philippine presidential election campaign in the 2022 elections</a>, when asked over <a href="/wiki/One_News_(TV_channel)" title="One News (TV channel)">One News</a> to verify the mythical "<a href="/wiki/Tallano_gold" title="Tallano gold">Tallano gold</a>" or the long-believed tale that they got a share of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Yamashita_gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamashita gold">Yamashita gold</a>, Marcos denied knowledge of it, even joking that "people should let him know if they see any of that gold". The urban myth had allegedly been suggested or carried by various social media pages being run by Marcos supporters in order to engage more people to support his presidential bid.<a href="#cite_note-InqTallano-328">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024-SONA-The-First-Family-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2024-SONA-The-First-Family-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/220px-2024-SONA-The-First-Family-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2024-SONA-The-First-Family-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/330px-2024-SONA-The-First-Family-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2024-SONA-The-First-Family-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg/440px-2024-SONA-The-First-Family-Bongbong_Marcos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/First_family" title="First family">first family</a> at the sideline of the <a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2024 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2024 State of the Nation Address</a> on June 22.</figcaption></figure> Marcos is married to lawyer <a href="/wiki/Louise_Araneta%E2%80%93Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Araneta–Marcos">Louise "Liza" Cacho Araneta</a>, a member of the prominent <a href="/wiki/Araneta_family" title="Araneta family">Araneta family</a>. Marcos and Araneta were married in <a href="/wiki/Fiesole" title="Fiesole">Fiesole</a>, Italy, on April 17, 1993. They have three sons: <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Marcos" title="Sandro Marcos">Ferdinand Alexander III "Sandro"</a> (born 1994), Joseph Simon (born 1995) and William Vincent "Vinny" (born 1997).<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Although he is <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">ethnic ancestry</a>, he was brought up in a <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Manileño household</a> and does not speak the <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> The Marcos family maintains a residence in <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Park,_Makati" title="Forbes Park, Makati">Forbes Park</a>, Makati.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> Aside from his common nickname "Bongbong", Marcos is known by his peers as "Bonggets".<a href="#cite_note-Geronimo20151012-50">[50]</a> Marcos is an avid listener of <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> music. He once held a <a href="/wiki/Record_collecting" title="Record collecting">record collection</a> in Malacañang Palace that he described as "the best record collection in the Philippines" but left it when his family was exiled from the country in 1986. He is a fan of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, citing <a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a> as his favorite album of theirs, and often collects <a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_the_Beatles" title="Cultural impact of the Beatles">the band's memorabilia</a>. Marcos can also play the saxophone.<a href="#cite_note-The_other_side_of_Bongbong-335">[335]</a> Marcos exercises regularly and claims to abstain from consuming confections and soft drinks.<a href="#cite_note-Geronimo20151012-50">[50]</a> Marcos is also an avid reader, a <a href="/wiki/Cinephile" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinephile">cinephile</a>, and a gun enthusiast, where he holds a competition under his name.<a href="#cite_note-Geronimo20151012-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-25_things-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Filipino_politicians,_guns,_and_power-336">[336]</a> He follows <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> racing as a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a>; during his presidency, he attended the <a href="/wiki/2022_Singapore_Grand_Prix" title="2022 Singapore Grand Prix">2022</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Singapore_Grand_Prix" title="2023 Singapore Grand Prix">2023 Singapore Grand Prix</a> with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a> and other foreign dignitaries.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Prabowo_Subianto_held_an_official_dinner_for_state_leaders_and_special_envoys_who_attended_the_inauguration_of_the_President_and_Vice_President_for_the_2024-2029_term.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/President_Prabowo_Subianto_held_an_official_dinner_for_state_leaders_and_special_envoys_who_attended_the_inauguration_of_the_President_and_Vice_President_for_the_2024-2029_term.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/President_Prabowo_Subianto_held_an_official_dinner_for_state_leaders_and_special_envoys_who_attended_the_inauguration_of_the_President_and_Vice_President_for_the_2024-2029_term.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/President_Prabowo_Subianto_held_an_official_dinner_for_state_leaders_and_special_envoys_who_attended_the_inauguration_of_the_President_and_Vice_President_for_the_2024-2029_term.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2774" /></a><figcaption>President Marcos and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Liza_Araneta_Marcos" title="Liza Araneta Marcos">Liza Araneta Marcos</a> (left) at the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Prabowo_Subianto" title="Inauguration of Prabowo Subianto">inauguration</a> dinner of Indonesian President <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a> (center) on 20 October 2024</figcaption></figure> On March 31, 2020, Marcos's spokesperson confirmed that Marcos had tested positive for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 in the Philippines">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tests-positive-covid-19-338">[338]</a> Prior to getting tested, Marcos was reportedly experiencing chest pains after coming home from a trip to Spain. He has since recovered from the disease after testing negative on a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction_(RT-PCR)_test" title="COVID-19 testing">RT-PCR test</a> on May 5, 2020, a month after testing positive for COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-recovery-covid-19-339">[339]</a> On July 8, 2022, Marcos's press secretary confirmed that Marcos had tested positive again for COVID-19 after experiencing slight fever.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alleged_cocaine_usage">Alleged cocaine usage</h3></div> On November 18, 2021, President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> claimed in a televised speech that a certain candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">2022 Philippine presidential election</a> is allegedly using <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, hinting at the candidate using male pronouns on several instances. Furthermore, Duterte alleged that the candidate eluded law enforcement authorities by doing drugs on a private yacht and a plane.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> Although he did not name the candidate, it was alluded that Duterte was referring to Marcos after he continued on his speech that the male candidate is a "weak leader" and has been "capitalizing on <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">his father</a>'s accomplishments".<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> Prior to that, Duterte previously named Marcos a "weak leader who had done nothing" and a "spoiled child for being an only son".<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> Days after Duterte's allegation, Marcos took a cocaine <a href="/wiki/Drug_test" title="Drug test">drug test</a> through a urine sample at <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Medical_Center_%E2%80%93_Global_City" title="St. Luke's Medical Center – Global City">St. Luke's Medical Center – Global City</a> and submitted the negative result to law enforcement authorities with a follow-up online memo by the medical institution confirming the legitimacy of the test.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> Marcos responded that he did not feel that he was the one alluded to by President Duterte. According to <a href="/wiki/Health_care_provider" title="Health care provider">health care provider</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Addiction_Centers" title="American Addiction Centers">American Addiction Centers</a>, after the last use, cocaine or its metabolites can show up on a blood or saliva test for up to two days, a urine test for up to three days, and a hair test for months to years.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/CNN_Philippines" title="CNN Philippines">CNN Philippines</a> in April 2022, Marcos responded to Duterte's remarks on him being a "spoiled" and "weak leader", saying that the president was "playing politics" and was "always making sure everybody's thinking hard about what they're doing".<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News_Channel" title="ABS-CBN News Channel">ANC</a> in May 2022, former senator <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Coseteng" title="Nikki Coseteng">Nikki Coseteng</a>, who claimed to personally know Marcos, alleged that Marcos was a "lazy individual" who frequented <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">discos</a> and got high on illegal substances along with his socialite friends during his youth.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> Marcos has neither denied nor confirmed Coseteng's allegations.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> In late January 2024, Marcos's alleged cocaine use was brought anew by Duterte, during a prayer rally against <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_reform_in_the_Philippines" title="Constitutional reform in the Philippines">Charter change</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fentanyl-349">[349]</a> Duterte alleged that Marcos had once been included in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Drug_Enforcement_Agency" title="Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency">Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency</a>'s (PDEA) drug watchlist (which the agency denied) and had been spotted using cocaine with his cohorts at a giant banana firm's plantation in <a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a> when Duterte was Mayor. Duterte said that these companions of Marcos were already working for his administration, and cited this as the reason why he did not vote for him in the 2022 general election. When asked by Marcos to prove the allegations, Duterte retorted that it is incumbent upon him to prove the allegations by taking a drug test, since he is the one holding public office.<a href="#cite_note-fentanyl-349">[349]</a> Marcos maintained he had never used illegal narcotics, let alone cocaine, and blamed Duterte's use of <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> as a response. In Duterte's defense, he had used fentanyl because it was prescribed to him by a "Dr. Javier", his alleged physician at <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Medical_Center_%E2%80%93_Quezon_City" title="St. Luke's Medical Center – Quezon City">St. Luke's Medical Center – Quezon City</a>, to alleviate pain from injuries sustained in a motorbike accident a few years ago.<a href="#cite_note-fentanyl-349">[349]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PDEA_leaks">PDEA leaks</h3></div> In April 2023, leaked documents from the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Drug_Enforcement_Agency" title="Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency">Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency</a> (PDEA) circulated online, linking Marcos and actress <a href="/wiki/Maricel_Soriano" title="Maricel Soriano">Maricel Soriano</a> to illegal drugs. The Senate Committee on Public Order and Dangerous Drugs, headed by Senator <a href="/wiki/Ronald_dela_Rosa" title="Ronald dela Rosa">Ronald dela Rosa</a>, later conducted a hearing on the matter and invited vlogger Maharlika to explain her involvement in the online circulation of the documents. Former PDEA investigation agent Jonathan Morales declared that the documents were authentic; PDEA Director General Moro Virgilio Lazo, on the other hand, claimed the documents were fake.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> On May 20, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Senate_Committee_on_Public_Order_and_Dangerous_Drugs" title="Philippine Senate Committee on Public Order and Dangerous Drugs">Philippine Senate Committee on Public Order and Dangerous Drugs</a> panel cited <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Drug_Enforcement_Agency" title="Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency">PDEA agent</a> Jonathan Morales in <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt</a> for '<a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">"continuously lying</a>". Upon <a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">motion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Second (parliamentary procedure)">seconded</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ronald_dela_Rosa" title="Ronald dela Rosa">Ronald dela Rosa</a>, Morales was ordered <a href="/wiki/Preventive_detention" title="Preventive detention">detained</a> for <a href="/wiki/Flip-flop_(politics)" title="Flip-flop (politics)">flipped-flopped</a> replies on <a href="/wiki/Personal_data" title="Personal data">PDS</a>, inter alia. Earlier, a former <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Commission_(Philippines)" title="National Police Commission (Philippines)">National Police Commission</a> officer, Eric "Pikoy" Santiago was also held in contempt of the Senate for being a "liar".<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> On May 23, 2024, Morales and Santiago were released from custody according to <a href="/wiki/Serjeant-at-arms" title="Serjeant-at-arms">Senate Sergeant-at-Arms</a> Roberto Ancan.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> In August 2024, <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando, Pampanga</a> Municipal Trial Court Branch 9 Acting Presiding Judge Jason Alquiroz convicted Morales of <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a> and sentenced him to four months <a href="/wiki/Imprisonment" title="Imprisonment">imprisonment</a> and fined ₱1,000.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SydneyMorningHerald20121124-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SydneyMorningHerald20121124_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SydneyMorningHerald20121124_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SydneyMorningHerald20121124_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SydneyMorningHerald20121124_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SydneyMorningHerald20121124_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SydneyMorningHerald20121124_1-5">f</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/a-dynasty-on-steroids-20121119-29kwy.html">"A dynasty on steroids"</a>. 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Catching Up with the Marcos-Era Crimes</a>. eBookIt.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781456626501" title="Special:BookSources/9781456626501"><bdi>9781456626501</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322161129/https://books.google.com/books?id=q9zbCwAAQBAJ&q=iginuhit+ng+tadhana++marcos+1965+campaign&pg=PT68">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2023. 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Retrieved April 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire+Magazine+Philippines&rft.atitle=The+Beatles%27+Worst+Nightmare+in+Manila&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.aulast=Reyes&rft.aufirst=Oliver+X.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquiremag.ph%2Flong-reads%2Fnotes-and-essays%2Fremember-the-beatles-nightmare-in-manila-a1542-20170524-lfrm10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeagrave1988" class="citation book cs1">Seagrave, Sterling (1988). The Marcos dynasty. 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Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520034257/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/03/26/swiss-freeze-marcos-bank-accounts-citing-withdrawal-attempt-monday/4beb362d-6bda-4079-be3d-7c9fb0020107/">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2022. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816130103/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/09/29/ferdinand-marcos-dies-in-hawaii-at-72/d1c26275-d9bd-4bfd-8934-c2a02ff4ab51/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2018. 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Actually, when the Boy Abunda interview came out, she mentioned Ant-Man, when we saw each other again, I asked her 'Is that true?'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+%27Ant-Man%27+inspire+Bongbong+Marcos+to+run+for+president%3F&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DobB8hsghMKw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-125"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharmaWestcott2021" class="citation news cs1">Sharma, Akanksha; Westcott, Ben (October 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/06/asia/philippines-bongbong-marcos-president-bid-intl-hnk/index.html">"Ferdinand 'Bongbong' Marcos, son of late dictator, announces Philippines presidential bid"</a>. 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Retrieved April 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Bongbong%2C+Sara+still+survey+frontrunners+%E2%80%94+Pulse+Asia&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Ellalyn+de+Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmb.com.ph%2F2022%2F04%2F06%2Fbongbong-sara-still-survey-frontrunners-pulse-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanada2021" class="citation news cs1">Ranada, Pia (December 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/marcos-outstrips-rivals-robredo-clear-second-placer-pulse-asia-presidential-survey-december-2021/">"Marcos outstrips rivals, Robredo clear second placer in Pulse Asia survey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220602040014/https://www.rappler.com/nation/marcos-outstrips-rivals-robredo-clear-second-placer-pulse-asia-presidential-survey-december-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2022. <q>This is the first time in a Pulse Asia survey that a presidential aspirant got a 'majority vote' equivalent in survey ratings, Pulse Asia executive director Ana Tabunda told Rappler</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Marcos+outstrips+rivals%2C+Robredo+clear+second+placer+in+Pulse+Asia+survey&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft.aulast=Ranada&rft.aufirst=Pia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2Fmarcos-outstrips-rivals-robredo-clear-second-placer-pulse-asia-presidential-survey-december-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercado2022" class="citation news cs1">Mercado, Neil Arwin (March 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1568207/bongbong-marcos-shuns-comelec-debates-cites-preferred-mode-of-communication-with-people">"Bongbong Marcos shuns Comelec debates, cites 'preferred mode of communication with people'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220602045643/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1568207/bongbong-marcos-shuns-comelec-debates-cites-preferred-mode-of-communication-with-people">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Bongbong+Marcos+shuns+Comelec+debates%2C+cites+%27preferred+mode+of+communication+with+people%27&rft.date=2022-03-14&rft.aulast=Mercado&rft.aufirst=Neil+Arwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1568207%2Fbongbong-marcos-shuns-comelec-debates-cites-preferred-mode-of-communication-with-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalvez2022" class="citation news cs1">Galvez, Daphne (March 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1571037/bello-wants-comelec-to-penalize-bongbong-marcos-sara-duterte-for-skipping-debates">"Bello wants Comelec to 'penalize' Bongbong Marcos, Sara Duterte for skipping debates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511052731/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1571037/bello-wants-comelec-to-penalize-bongbong-marcos-sara-duterte-for-skipping-debates">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2022. 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Retrieved May 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=VP-elect+Sara+Duterte+mum+on+why+family+members+absent+during+proclamation&rft.date=2022-05-25&rft.aulast=Galvez&rft.aufirst=Daphne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1602580%2Fvp-elect-sara-duterte-mum-on-why-family-members-absent-during-proclamation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManahan2022" class="citation news cs1">Manahan, Job (May 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512182350/https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/05/10/22/solid-north-solid-south-solidified-votes-for-marcos-jr-sara-duterte">"Duterte's popularity, regionalism crystalized votes for Marcos Jr., Sara Duterte: analysts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ABS-CBN News">ABS-CBN News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/05/10/22/solid-north-solid-south-solidified-votes-for-marcos-jr-sara-duterte">the original</a> on May 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Duterte%27s+popularity%2C+regionalism+crystalized+votes+for+Marcos+Jr.%2C+Sara+Duterte%3A+analysts&rft.date=2022-05-10&rft.aulast=Manahan&rft.aufirst=Job&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fspotlight%2F05%2F10%2F22%2Fsolid-north-solid-south-solidified-votes-for-marcos-jr-sara-duterte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/12/us-china-congratulate-marcos-jr-on-philippine-presidential-win">"Biden, Xi congratulate Marcos Jr on Philippine presidential win"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 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Retrieved May 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Biden%2C+Xi+congratulate+Marcos+Jr+on+Philippine+presidential+win&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F5%2F12%2Fus-china-congratulate-marcos-jr-on-philippine-presidential-win&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo-148"><a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabatoWestfall2022" class="citation news cs1">Cabato, Regine; Westfall, Sammy (May 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/10/philippines-presidential-election-result-ferdinand-bongbong-marcos/">"Marcos family once ousted by uprising wins Philippines vote in landslide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510073822/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/10/philippines-presidential-election-result-ferdinand-bongbong-marcos/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2022. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177892">the original</a> on June 30, 2022. 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Nikkei Asia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620033842/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Philippine-elections/Marcos-officially-declared-Philippines-next-president">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=Marcos+officially+declared+Philippines%27+next+president&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FPolitics%2FPhilippine-elections%2FMarcos-officially-declared-Philippines-next-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcos_Names_Himself_Agriculture_Chief_to_Tackle_Food_Cost-152"><a href="#cite_ref-Marcos_Names_Himself_Agriculture_Chief_to_Tackle_Food_Cost_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-20/marcos-appoints-himself-agriculture-chief-to-tackle-food-prices">"Marcos Names Himself Agriculture Chief to Tackle Food Cost"</a>. Bloomberg.com. June 20, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322161111/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-20/marcos-appoints-himself-agriculture-chief-to-tackle-food-prices">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Marcos+Names+Himself+Agriculture+Chief+to+Tackle+Food+Cost&rft.date=2022-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-06-20%2Fmarcos-appoints-himself-agriculture-chief-to-tackle-food-prices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2022/07jul/20220630-EO-1-FRM.pdf">"Executive Order No. 1, s. 2022"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Official_Gazette_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines">Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines</a>. 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Retrieved July 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Gazette+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=Executive+Order+No.+1%2C+s.+2022&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Fdownloads%2F2022%2F07jul%2F20220630-EO-1-FRM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOTr:_Marcos_extends_free_EDSA_Carousel_bus_rides,_OKs_free_train_rides_for_students-154"><a href="#cite_ref-DOTr:_Marcos_extends_free_EDSA_Carousel_bus_rides,_OKs_free_train_rides_for_students_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercado2022" class="citation news cs1">Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1620343/dotr-bongbong-marcos-extends-free-edsa-carousel-bus-rides-oks-free-train-rides-for-students">"DOTr: Marcos extends free EDSA Carousel bus rides, OKs free train rides for students"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110155515/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1620343/dotr-bongbong-marcos-extends-free-edsa-carousel-bus-rides-oks-free-train-rides-for-students">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=DOTr%3A+Marcos+extends+free+EDSA+Carousel+bus+rides%2C+OKs+free+train+rides+for+students&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.aulast=Mercado&rft.aufirst=Neil+Arwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1620343%2Fdotr-bongbong-marcos-extends-free-edsa-carousel-bus-rides-oks-free-train-rides-for-students&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOTr:_Free_train_rides_for_students_now_only_on_LRT2-155"><a href="#cite_ref-DOTr:_Free_train_rides_for_students_now_only_on_LRT2_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordero" class="citation news cs1">Cordero, Ted. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/serbisyopubliko/transportation/838035/dotr-free-train-rides-for-students-now-only-on-lrt2/story/?just_in">"DOTr: Free train rides for students now only on LRT2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GMA_News_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA News Online">GMA News Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110155515/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/serbisyopubliko/transportation/838035/dotr-free-train-rides-for-students-now-only-on-lrt2/story/?just_in">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2023. 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Retrieved January 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Bongbong+Marcos+vetoes+bill+on+Bulacan+Airport+City+ecozone&rft.date=2022-07-02&rft.aulast=Camus&rft.aufirst=Miguel+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.inquirer.net%2F352006%2Fbongbong-marcos-vetoes-bill-on-bulacan-airport-city-ecozone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-President_Marcos_focuses_on_PH_economy_in_first_Cabinet_meeting-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-President_Marcos_focuses_on_PH_economy_in_first_Cabinet_meeting_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-President_Marcos_focuses_on_PH_economy_in_first_Cabinet_meeting_157-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ptvnews.ph/president-marcos-focuses-on-ph-economy-in-first-cabinet-meeting/">"President Marcos focuses on PH economy in first Cabinet meeting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PTV_News_(TV_program)" title="PTV News (TV program)">PTV News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110155518/https://ptvnews.ph/president-marcos-focuses-on-ph-economy-in-first-cabinet-meeting/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2023. 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Retrieved January 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Controversial+bill+lowering+the+age+for+vape+access+lapses+into+law%3A+Palace&rft.aulast=Manahan&rft.aufirst=Job&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnews%2F07%2F26%2F22%2Fcontroversial-vape-bill-lapses-into-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PinasLakas_administers_3.4M_1st_booster_dose_in_100_days-163"><a href="#cite_ref-PinasLakas_administers_3.4M_1st_booster_dose_in_100_days_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1185889">"PinasLakas administers 3.4M 1st booster dose in 100 days"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025072907/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1185889">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2022. Retrieved January 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PinasLakas+administers+3.4M+1st+booster+dose+in+100+days&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1185889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PH_has_no_intention_of_rejoining_ICC:_Marcos-164"><a href="#cite_ref-PH_has_no_intention_of_rejoining_ICC:_Marcos_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180284">"PH has no intention of rejoining ICC: Marcos"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111184914/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180284">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PH+has+no+intention+of+rejoining+ICC%3A+Marcos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1180284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bongbong_Marcos_vetoes_transport_safety_board,_tax-free_poll_workers’_honoraria_bills-165"><a href="#cite_ref-Bongbong_Marcos_vetoes_transport_safety_board,_tax-free_poll_workers’_honoraria_bills_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarao2022" class="citation news cs1">Sarao, Zacarian (July 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637766/bongbong-marcos-vetoes-transport-safety-board-tax-free-poll-workers-honoraria-bills">"Bongbong Marcos vetoes transport safety board, tax-free poll workers' honoraria bills"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111184909/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637766/bongbong-marcos-vetoes-transport-safety-board-tax-free-poll-workers-honoraria-bills">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Bongbong+Marcos+vetoes+transport+safety+board%2C+tax-free+poll+workers%27+honoraria+bills&rft.date=2022-07-30&rft.aulast=Sarao&rft.aufirst=Zacarian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1637766%2Fbongbong-marcos-vetoes-transport-safety-board-tax-free-poll-workers-honoraria-bills&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcos_explains_veto_on_bill_making_tax-exempt_teachers’_poll_service_pay-166"><a href="#cite_ref-Marcos_explains_veto_on_bill_making_tax-exempt_teachers’_poll_service_pay_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/01/marcos-explains-veto-on-bill-making-tax-exempt-teachers-poll-service-pay/">"Marcos explains veto on bill making tax-exempt teachers' poll service pay"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bulletin" title="Manila Bulletin">Manila Bulletin</a>. August 1, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111190413/https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/01/marcos-explains-veto-on-bill-making-tax-exempt-teachers-poll-service-pay/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/08/10/2201722/marcos-rejects-proposal-import-more-sugar">the original</a> on August 10, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Marcos+rejects+proposal+to+import+more+sugar&rft.date=2022-08-10&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fbusiness%2F2022%2F08%2F10%2F2201722%2Fmarcos-rejects-proposal-import-more-sugar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MB-ProbeSugar-170"><a href="#cite_ref-MB-ProbeSugar_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnite2022" class="citation news cs1">Unite, Betheena (August 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811053658/https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/11/palace-probes-illegal-unauthorized-order-on-sugar-importation/">"Palace probes 'illegal, unauthorized' order on sugar importation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bulletin" title="Manila Bulletin">Manila Bulletin</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/11/palace-probes-illegal-unauthorized-order-on-sugar-importation/">the original</a> on August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Palace+probes+%27illegal%2C+unauthorized%27+order+on+sugar+importation&rft.date=2022-08-11&rft.aulast=Unite&rft.aufirst=Betheena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmb.com.ph%2F2022%2F08%2F11%2Fpalace-probes-illegal-unauthorized-order-on-sugar-importation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanti2022" class="citation news cs1">Panti, Llanesca T. (August 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815112058/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/841619/resigned-da-exec-says-he-signed-sugar-importation-order-due-to-dwindling-supply/story/">"Resigned DA exec says he signed sugar importation order due to dwindling supply"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GMA_News_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA News Online">GMA News Online</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/841619/resigned-da-exec-says-he-signed-sugar-importation-order-due-to-dwindling-supply/story/">the original</a> on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News+Online&rft.atitle=Resigned+DA+exec+says+he+signed+sugar+importation+order+due+to+dwindling+supply&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft.aulast=Panti&rft.aufirst=Llanesca+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Ftopstories%2Fnation%2F841619%2Fresigned-da-exec-says-he-signed-sugar-importation-order-due-to-dwindling-supply%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220816032709/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/8/16/Sugar-Regulatory-administrator-resigns.html">"Sugar Regulatory administrator resigns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_Philippines" title="CNN Philippines">CNN Philippines</a>. August 16, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/8/16/Sugar-Regulatory-administrator-resigns.html">the original</a> on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Philippines&rft.atitle=Sugar+Regulatory+administrator+resigns&rft.date=2022-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnphilippines.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F8%2F16%2FSugar-Regulatory-administrator-resigns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercado2022" class="citation news cs1">Mercado, Neil Arwin (August 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817054704/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1648247/bongbong-marcos-to-reorganize-sra-negotiate-with-millers-amid-sugar-shortage">"Bongbong Marcos to reorganize SRA, negotiate with millers amid sugar shortage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1648247/bongbong-marcos-to-reorganize-sra-negotiate-with-millers-amid-sugar-shortage">the original</a> on August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Bongbong+Marcos+to+reorganize+SRA%2C+negotiate+with+millers+amid+sugar+shortage&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft.aulast=Mercado&rft.aufirst=Neil+Arwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1648247%2Fbongbong-marcos-to-reorganize-sra-negotiate-with-millers-amid-sugar-shortage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcos_urged_to_crack_down_on_sugar_hoarders-174"><a href="#cite_ref-Marcos_urged_to_crack_down_on_sugar_hoarders_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCariaso2022" class="citation news cs1">Cariaso, Bella (August 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/08/11/news/marcos-urged-to-crack-down-on-sugar-hoarders/1854223">"Marcos urged to crack down on sugar hoarders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Manila_Times" title="The Manila Times">The Manila Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=Marcos+urged+to+crack+down+on+sugar+hoarders&rft.date=2022-08-11&rft.aulast=Cariaso&rft.aufirst=Bella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2F2022%2F08%2F11%2Fnews%2Fmarcos-urged-to-crack-down-on-sugar-hoarders%2F1854223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kadiwa_store_program_eyed_until_February,_March_—_Bongbong_Marcos-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Kadiwa_store_program_eyed_until_February,_March_—_Bongbong_Marcos_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalvez2022" class="citation news cs1">Galvez, Daphne (December 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1700087/fwd-marcos-jr-says-kadiwa-store-program-may-continue-until-february-or-march">"Kadiwa store program eyed until February, March — Bongbong Marcos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Kadiwa+store+program+eyed+until+February%2C+March+%E2%80%94+Bongbong+Marcos&rft.date=2022-12-01&rft.aulast=Galvez&rft.aufirst=Daphne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1700087%2Ffwd-marcos-jr-says-kadiwa-store-program-may-continue-until-february-or-march&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Expanded_Kadiwa_store_project_good_for_farmers,_consumers,_agri_group_says-176"><a href="#cite_ref-Expanded_Kadiwa_store_project_good_for_farmers,_consumers,_agri_group_says_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLalu2022" class="citation news cs1">Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (November 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1694170/expanded-kadiwa-store-project-good-for-farmers-consumers-agri-group-says">"Expanded Kadiwa store project good for farmers, consumers, agri group says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Expanded+Kadiwa+store+project+good+for+farmers%2C+consumers%2C+agri+group+says&rft.date=2022-11-16&rft.aulast=Lalu&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+Pabico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1694170%2Fexpanded-kadiwa-store-project-good-for-farmers-consumers-agri-group-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcos_eyes_permanent_Kadiwa_stores_nationwide-177"><a href="#cite_ref-Marcos_eyes_permanent_Kadiwa_stores_nationwide_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlores" class="citation news cs1">Flores, Helen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/03/09/2250327/marcos-eyes-permanent-kadiwa-stores-nationwide">"Marcos eyes permanent Kadiwa stores nationwide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Marcos+eyes+permanent+Kadiwa+stores+nationwide&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2023%2F03%2F09%2F2250327%2Fmarcos-eyes-permanent-kadiwa-stores-nationwide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Onion_woes_'a_demand_and_supply_situation'_Marcos_says_as_prices_remain_high-178"><a href="#cite_ref-Onion_woes_'a_demand_and_supply_situation'_Marcos_says_as_prices_remain_high_178-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/01/19/23/govt-hiking-onion-production-amid-high-prices-marcos">"Onion woes 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Retrieved February 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=False%3A+Marcos+Jr.+submitted+correct+receipt+for+tax+deficiencies+payment&rft.date=2022-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Ffact-check%2Fferdinand-bongbong-marcos-jr-submitted-correct-recipt-tax-deficiencies-payment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.tv5.com.ph/breaking/read/fact-check-guanzons-claim-that-marcos-jr-submitted-a-fake-receipt-of-tax-payment-is-accurate">"Fact-Check: Guanzon's claim that Marcos Jr submitted a fake receipt of tax payment is accurate"</a>. News 5. 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Retrieved February 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+5&rft.atitle=Fact-Check%3A+Guanzon%27s+claim+that+Marcos+Jr+submitted+a+fake+receipt+of+tax+payment+is+accurate&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.tv5.com.ph%2Fbreaking%2Fread%2Ffact-check-guanzons-claim-that-marcos-jr-submitted-a-fake-receipt-of-tax-payment-is-accurate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/02/11/22/explainer-comelec-ruling-on-the-dq-cases-vs-marcos">"Explainer: Comelec ruling on consolidated disqualification cases vs Marcos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ABS-CBN News">ABS-CBN News</a>. 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October 29, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030010332/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/54454/marcoses-lose-us-appeal">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2012. 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October 27, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160619212711/http://www.civilbeat.org/2012/10/imelda-bongbong-marcos-ordered-to-pay-354m-fine/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ateneo.edu/news/ateneo-de-manila-community-stands-against-historical-revisionism-martial-law">the original</a> on April 5, 2016. 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Statement of concerned members of the Ateneo de Manila University on the Martial Law regime and Bongbong Marcos' revision of history"</a> (PDF). Ateneo de Manila University. March 4, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ateneo.edu/sites/default/files/attached-files/Ateneo%20Community%20Response%20to%20Senator%20Marcos%20Jr.%20-%20526%20signatories%20as%20of%204%20March%202016%20%28English%29.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 14, 2017. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaksyon.com/article/124748/ateneo-professors-thumb-down-historical-distortion-of-martial-law-regime">the original</a> on March 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ateneo+professors+thumb+down+historical+distortion+of+martial+law+regime&rft.pub=Interaksyon.com&rft.date=2016-03-02&rft.au=Filane+Mikee+Z.+Cervantes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Farticle%2F124748%2Fateneo-professors-thumb-down-historical-distortion-of-martial-law-regime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ceapStatement-315"><a href="#cite_ref-ceapStatement_315-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/125012-catholic-educational-association-philippines-admu-bongbong-marcos">"1,400 Catholic schools back call vs 'Marcos snares, Imeldific lies'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a>. 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Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=1%2C400+Catholic+schools+back+call+vs+%27Marcos+snares%2C+Imeldific+lies%27&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fmove-ph%2F125012-catholic-educational-association-philippines-admu-bongbong-marcos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-abs1400-316"><a href="#cite_ref-abs1400_316-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/03/08/16/1400-catholic-schools-slam-marcos-snares-imeldific-lies">"1,400 Catholic schools slam 'Marcos snares, Imeldific lies'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ABS-CBN News">ABS-CBN News</a>. March 8, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603235407/http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/03/08/16/1400-catholic-schools-slam-marcos-snares-imeldific-lies/">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=1%2C400+Catholic+schools+slam+%27Marcos+snares%2C+Imeldific+lies%27&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnation%2F03%2F08%2F16%2F1400-catholic-schools-slam-marcos-snares-imeldific-lies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fbUPHistoryDeptStatement-317"><a href="#cite_ref-fbUPHistoryDeptStatement_317-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_the_Philippines_Department_of_History2016" class="citation web cs1">University of the Philippines Department of History (March 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/historyadorngbayan/photos/a.1576182815979034.1073741828.1575947242669258/1673354259595222/?type=3&theater">"Malakas at Maganda: Marcos Reign, Myth-Making and Deception in History"</a>. 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Retrieved March 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vera+Files&rft.atitle=Vera+Files+Fact+Check+Yearender%3A+Ads+reveal+links+between+websites+producing+fake+news&rft.date=2018-12-30&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=Celine+Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verafiles.org%2Farticles%2Fvera-files-fact-check-yearender-ads-reveal-links-between-web&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rappler.com/technology/interview-brittany-kaiser-cabridge-analytica-whistleblower-protecting-your-data">"Rappler Talk: Brittany Kaiser on protecting your data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a>. July 15, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716124719/https://rappler.com/technology/interview-brittany-kaiser-cabridge-analytica-whistleblower-protecting-your-data">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2020. 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July 15, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715225027/https://rappler.com/nation/bongbong-marcos-cambridge-analytica-rebrand-family-image">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2020. 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Comelec asked to junk COC of Marcos 'impostor'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130073510/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1519858/one-petition-vs-marcos-jr-says-bbm-is-not-bbm-comelec">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Is+Bongbong+really+dead%3F+Comelec+asked+to+junk+COC+of+Marcos+%27impostor%27&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=John+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1519858%2Fone-petition-vs-marcos-jr-says-bbm-is-not-bbm-comelec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuan2022" class="citation news cs1">Buan, Lian (March 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/ferdinand-bongbong-marcos-jr-never-saw-gold-told-court-source-wealth/">"If Marcos never saw gold, why tell court gold was their source of wealth?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307093232/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/ferdinand-bongbong-marcos-jr-never-saw-gold-told-court-source-wealth/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2022. 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Retrieved April 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Bongbong+Marcos+marks+silver+anniversary+with+wife+Liza&rft.date=2018-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Flife%2F04%2F22%2F18%2Fbongbong-marcos-marks-silver-anniversary-with-wife-liza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABongbong+Marcos" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183150/https://cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2017/12/14/Sandro-Marcos-masters-London-university.html">"Son of Bongbong Marcos earns master's degree from London university"</a>. cnn. December 12, 2017. 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.side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Bongbong Marcos at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Marcos" class="extiw" title="wikt:Marcos">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/bmarcos_bio.asp/">Senate biography</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Marcos Family</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iskomunidad.upd.edu.ph/index.php/Marcos_Regime_Research">The Marcos Regime Research (MRR) program</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623153032/https://iskomunidad.upd.edu.ph/index.php/Marcos_Regime_Research">Archived</a> June 23, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the University of the Philippines Third World Studies Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://martiallawmuseum.ph/">The Martial Law Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.martiallawchroniclesproject.com/">The Martial Law Chronicles Project</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Elizabeth M. Keon</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ilocos_Norte" title="Governor of Ilocos Norte">Governor of Ilocos Norte</a> 1983–1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Castor Raval Officer-in-charge</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Fari%C3%B1as" title="Rodolfo Fariñas">Rodolfo Fariñas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ilocos_Norte" title="Governor of Ilocos Norte">Governor of Ilocos Norte</a> 1998–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Marcos_Keon" title="Michael Marcos Keon">Michael Marcos Keon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> 2022–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Dar" title="William Dar">William Dar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a> 2022–2023 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tiu_Laurel_Jr." title="Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.">Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives of the Philippines</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Mariano Nalupta Jr.</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a> district 1992–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Simeon Valdez</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a> district 2007–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">First </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_order_of_precedence" title="Philippine order of precedence">Order of Precedence of the Philippines</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a></div>as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Abubakar Mangelen</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> National Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">Partido Federal ng Pilipinas</a> 2021–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">First </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">Partido Federal ng Pilipinas</a> nominee for President of the Philippines <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">2022</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Most recent </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bongbong_Marcos1365" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bongbong_Marcos" title="Template:Bongbong Marcos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bongbong_Marcos" title="Template talk:Bongbong Marcos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bongbong_Marcos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bongbong Marcos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bongbong_Marcos1365" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong Marcos</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">17th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">president of the Philippines</a> (2022–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a> (2010–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district">Ilocos Norte's 2nd district representative</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ilocos_Norte" title="Governor of Ilocos Norte">Governor of Ilocos Norte</a> (1998–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Vice governor of Ilocos Norte</a> (1980–1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos">Presidential transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Cabinet of Bongbong Marcos">Administration and cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of executive orders by Bongbong Marcos">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of international presidential trips made by Bongbong Marcos">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Protests against Bongbong Marcos">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Bongbong_Marcos_presidency" title="Opinion polling on the Bongbong Marcos presidency">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="19th Congress of the Philippines">19th Congress</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Philippines" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Philippines">Response to the ICC case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Sector_Advisory_Council" title="Private Sector Advisory Council">Private Sector Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsyerto_sa_Palasyo" title="Konsyerto sa Palasyo">Konsyerto sa Palasyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Better_More" title="Build Better More">Build Better More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambansang_Pabahay_Para_sa_Pilipino" title="Pambansang Pabahay Para sa Pilipino">Pambansang Pabahay Para sa Pilipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_the_Philippines" title="Love the Philippines">Love the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Pilipinas_(campaign)" title="Bagong Pilipinas (campaign)">Bagong Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_of_the_Pasig_River" title="Rehabilitation of the Pasig River">Rehabilitation of the Pasig River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasig_River_Esplanade" title="Pasig River Esplanade">Pasig River Esplanade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_acts_and_legislation_during_the_presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="List of major acts and legislation during the presidency of Bongbong Marcos">Legislation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIM_Registration_Act" title="SIM Registration Act">SIM Registration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Agrarian_Emancipation_Act" title="New Agrarian Emancipation Act">New Agrarian Emancipation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Wealth_Fund" title="Maharlika Wealth Fund">Maharlika Investment Fund Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Maritime_Zones_Act" title="Philippine Maritime Zones Act">Philippine Maritime Zones Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">State of the Nation Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2022 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2023 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="2024 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">community quarantines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">vaccination programme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Philippine_sugar_crisis" title="2022–2023 Philippine sugar crisis">Sugar crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Philippine_onion_crisis" title="2022–2023 Philippine onion crisis">Onion crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Philippine_airspace_closure" title="2023 Philippine airspace closure">2023 airspace closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_transport_strikes_in_the_Philippines" title="2023–2024 transport strikes in the Philippines">2023–2024 transport strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Thomas_Shoal_laser_incident" title="Second Thomas Shoal laser incident">Second Thomas Shoal laser incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2023_Second_Thomas_Shoal_standoff" title="August 2023 Second Thomas Shoal standoff">August 2023 Second Thomas Shoal standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_constitutional_reform_attempts_in_the_Philippines" title="2024 constitutional reform attempts in the Philippines">2024 constitutional reform attempts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Sara_Duterte" title="Impeachment of Sara Duterte">Impeachment of Sara Duterte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally_for_Peace" title="National Rally for Peace">National Rally for Peace</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-Ferdinand_R._Marcos_Jr_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="959" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2010 Philippine Senate election">2010 Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2016 Philippine presidential election">2016 vice presidential</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">2022 presidential</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign">campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_family" title="Marcos family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Araneta_Marcos" title="Liza Araneta Marcos">Liza Araneta Marcos</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Marcos" title="Sandro Marcos">Sandro Marcos</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee Marcos</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Marcos" title="Irene Marcos">Irene Marcos</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Marcos" title="Mariano Marcos">Mariano Marcos</a> (grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political affiliation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">Kilusang Bagong Lipunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">Partido Federal ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniTeam" title="UniTeam">UniTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyansa_para_sa_Bagong_Pilipinas" title="Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas">Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_distortion_regarding_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos">Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unexplained_wealth_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family">Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_North" title="Solid North">Solid North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polvoron_video" title="Polvoron video">Polvoron video</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">← Rodrigo Duterte</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">← Leni Robredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bongbong_Marcos" title="Category:Bongbong Marcos">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bongbong_Marcos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bongbong Marcos">Commons</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/16px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/24px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q983324" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q983324">Wikidata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Bongbong_Marcos" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Bongbong Marcos">Wikisource</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Bongbong Marcos">Wikiquote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Bongbong_Marcos102" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Bongbong_Marcos102" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Bongbong Marcos</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Candidates_in_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential election">Candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">PFP</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Abella" title="Ernesto Abella">Ernesto Abella</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norberto_Gonzales" title="Norberto Gonzales">Norberto Gonzales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Partido_Demokratiko_Sosyalista_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas">PDSP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leody_de_Guzman" title="Leody de Guzman">Leody de Guzman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Partido_Lakas_ng_Masa" title="Partido Lakas ng Masa">PLM</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leody_de_Guzman_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Leody de Guzman 2022 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Partido_para_sa_Demokratikong_Reporma" title="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma">Reporma</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Panfilo Lacson 2022 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Mangondato" title="Faisal Mangondato">Faisal Mangondato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Katipunan_ng_Kamalayang_Kayumanggi" title="Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi">KPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isko_Moreno" title="Isko Moreno">Isko Moreno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isko_Moreno_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Isko Moreno 2022 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Pacquiao" title="Manny Pacquiao">Manny Pacquiao</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Pacquiao_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Manny Pacquiao 2022 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Leni Robredo 2022 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Leni_Robredo_2022_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Leni Robredo 2022 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Montemayor_Jr." title="Jose Montemayor Jr.">Jose Montemayor Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Democratic Party of the Philippines">DPP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Withdrew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_dela_Rosa" title="Ronald dela Rosa">Ronald dela Rosa</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bong_Go" title="Bong Go">Bong Go</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pederalismo_ng_Dugong_Dakilang_Samahan" title="Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan">PDDS</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_dela_Rosa_and_Bong_Go_2022_presidential_campaigns" title="Ronald dela Rosa and Bong Go 2022 presidential campaigns">campaigns</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lito_Atienza" title="Lito Atienza">Lito Atienza</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Bello" title="Walden Bello">Walden Bello</a> (<a href="/wiki/Partido_Lakas_ng_Masa" title="Partido Lakas ng Masa">PLM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_SD_Lopez" title="Manny SD Lopez">Manny SD Lopez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Party Philippines">WPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Ong" title="Willie Ong">Willie Ong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pangilinan" title="Francis Pangilinan">Francis Pangilinan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2016_Philippine_presidential_election182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2016_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2016 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2016_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2016 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2016_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2016 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2016_Philippine_presidential_election182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_candidates_in_the_2016_Philippine_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of candidates in the 2016 Philippine presidential election">Candidates in the 2016 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDP-Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP-Laban">PDP-Laban</a>) (<a href="/wiki/2016_Rodrigo_Duterte_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Rodrigo Duterte presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Mar Roxas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>) (<a href="/wiki/2016_Mar_Roxas_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Mar Roxas presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Poe" title="Grace Poe">Grace Poe</a> (Independent) (<a href="/wiki/2016_Grace_Poe_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Grace Poe presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Alliance" title="United Nationalist Alliance">UNA</a>) (<a href="/wiki/2016_Jejomar_Binay_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Jejomar Binay presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a>) (<a href="/wiki/2016_Miriam_Defensor_Santiago_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Miriam Defensor Santiago presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Withdrew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Se%C3%B1eres" title="Roy Señeres">Roy Señeres</a>† (<a href="/wiki/Partido_ng_Manggagawa_at_Magsasaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka">PMM</a>) (<a href="/wiki/2016_Roy_Se%C3%B1eres_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Roy Señeres presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong Marcos</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Escudero" title="Francis Escudero">Francis Escudero</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes" title="Antonio Trillanes">Antonio Trillanes IV</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Alliance" title="United Nationalist Alliance">UNA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senatorial_history_of_Bongbong_Marcos104" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Senatorial_history_of_Bongbong_Marcos104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Senatorial history of Bongbong Marcos</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="14th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(2010–2013)_→_16th1222" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:15th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template talk:15th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:15th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="14th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(2010–2013)_→_16th1222" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="14th Congress of the Philippines">14th</a> ← <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="15th Congress of the Philippines">15th Congress of the Philippines (2010–2013)</a> → <a href="/wiki/16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="16th Congress of the Philippines">16th</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (2010–2013) #</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a> (2013) ##</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (2007–2013)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (2010–2016)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Joker Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Escudero" title="Francis Escudero">Francis Escudero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pangilinan" title="Francis Pangilinan">Francis Pangilinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koko_Pimentel" title="Koko Pimentel">Koko Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes" title="Antonio Trillanes">Antonio Trillanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Cayetano" title="Pia Cayetano">Pia Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG_Guingona" title="TG Guingona">TG Guingona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lito_Lapid" title="Lito Lapid">Lito Lapid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Serge Osmeña">Serge Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Term ended June 30, 2013</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Term ended June 30, 2016</td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li># — Ponce Enrile was also the Senate president of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="14th Congress of the Philippines">14th Congress</a>.</li> <li>##—Estrada is in acting capacity after Ponce Enrile takes his resignation.</li> <li>### —Zubiri resigned from office on August 3, 2011, replaced by Pimentel afterwards.</li> <li>#### — Vacant due to <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> to the presidency.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(2013–2016)_→_17th602" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:16th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template talk:16th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="16th Congress of the Philippines">16th Congress of the Philippines (2013–2016)</a> → <a href="/wiki/17th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="17th Congress of the Philippines">17th</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (2010–2016)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (2013–2019)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Cayetano" title="Pia Cayetano">Pia Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG_Guingona" title="TG Guingona">TG Guingona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lito_Lapid" title="Lito Lapid">Lito Lapid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Serge Osmeña">Serge Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Angara" title="Sonny Angara">Sonny Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bam_Aquino" title="Bam Aquino">Bam Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Binay" title="Nancy Binay">Nancy Binay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JV_Ejercito" title="JV Ejercito">JV Ejercito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Escudero" title="Francis Escudero">Francis Escudero</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koko_Pimentel" title="Koko Pimentel">Koko Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Poe" title="Grace Poe">Grace Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes" title="Antonio Trillanes">Antonio Trillanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Villar" title="Cynthia Villar">Cynthia Villar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Term ended June 30, 2016</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Term ends June 30, 2019</td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ferdinand_and_Imelda_Marcos574" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Marcoses" title="Template:The Marcoses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Marcoses" title="Template talk:The Marcoses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Marcoses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Marcoses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ferdinand_and_Imelda_Marcos574" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">10th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_ladies_and_gentlemen_of_the_Philippines" title="First ladies and gentlemen of the Philippines">10th First Lady of the Philippines</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Josefa Edralin & <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Marcos" title="Mariano Marcos">Mariano Marcos</a> and Remedios Trinidad & Vicente Lopez-Romualdez (parents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">Imee</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irene_Marcos-Araneta" class="mw-redirect" title="Irene Marcos-Araneta">Irene</a> & <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Marcos" title="Aimee Marcos">Aimee</a> (children)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifico_Marcos" title="Pacifico Marcos">Pacifico Marcos</a>, Pio Marcos and Quirino Lizardo (relatives)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/120px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/180px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/240px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1134" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_of_Law" title="University of the Philippines College of Law">U.P. College of Law</a> (Ferdinand) <a href="/wiki/Divine_Word_University_of_Tacloban" title="Divine Word University of Tacloban">St. Paul's College of Tacloban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Women%27s_University" title="Philippine Women's University">Philippine Women's University</a> (Imelda)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Gamma_Mu" title="Pi Gamma Mu">Pi Gamma Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Military career of Ferdinand Marcos">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district">2nd district of Ilocos Norte (1949–1959)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">President of the Senate of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">Kilusang Bagong Lipunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality">Marcos propaganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency (1965–1986)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="List of executive orders by Ferdinand Marcos">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">Sabah claim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabidah_massacre" title="Jabidah massacre">Operation Merdeka and Jabidah massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Establishment of the MNLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manili_massacre" title="Manili massacre">Manili massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Tripoli_Agreement" title="1976 Tripoli Agreement">1976 Tripoli Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pata_Island_massacre" title="Pata Island massacre">Pata Island massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army" title="New People's Army">New People's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_armed_conflicts_in_the_Philippines" title="Communist armed conflicts in the Philippines">Communist armed conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_balance_of_payments_crisis" title="1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis">1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Quarter_Storm" title="First Quarter Storm">First Quarter Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constitutional_Convention_of_1971" title="Philippine Constitutional Convention of 1971">1971 constitutional convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Miranda_bombing" title="Plaza Miranda bombing">Plaza Miranda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_No._1081" title="Proclamation No. 1081">Proclamation No. 1081</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos#Bagong_Lipunan_(New_Society)" title="Ferdinand Marcos">New Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolex_12" title="Rolex 12">Rolex 12</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1972/09/24/presidential-decree-no-1-s-1972/">Integrated Reorganization Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1973 constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palimbang_massacre" title="Palimbang massacre">Palimbang massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrilla_in_Manila" title="Thrilla in Manila">Thrilla in Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_Philippines#Tictapul" title="List of massacres in the Philippines">Tictapul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalayaan,_Palawan#Presidential_Decree_1596" title="Kalayaan, Palawan">Creation of the Municipality of Kalayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isang_Bansa,_Isang_Diwa" title="Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa">Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ninoy_Aquino" title="Assassination of Ninoy Aquino">Assassination of Ninoy Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines#Debt-driven_growth,_1970-1983" title="Economic history of the Philippines">1980s debt crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binondo_Central_Bank" title="Binondo Central Bank">Binondo Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_famine" title="Negros famine">Negros famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_massacre" title="Escalante massacre">Escalante massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="Economic history of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Military history of the Philippines during the Marcos dictatorship">Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Citizens%27_Movement_for_Free_Elections" title="National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections">NAMFREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leyte%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Leyte's 1st congressional district">1st district of Leyte (1995–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Big_Bird" title="Operation Big Bird">Operation Big Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Burial of Ferdinand Marcos">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_distortion_regarding_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos">Historical distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_North" title="Solid North">Solid North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">Kleptocracy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unexplained_wealth_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family">Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_mansions" title="Marcos mansions">Marcos mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_jewels" title="Marcos jewels">Marcos jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_landholdings_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family">Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Japanese_ODA_scandal" title="Marcos Japanese ODA scandal">Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Levy_Fund_scam" title="Coco Levy Fund scam">Coco Levy Fund scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Roxas" title="Rogelio Roxas">Golden Buddha theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Controversy" title="Bataan Nuclear Power Plant">BNPP kickbacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship">Human rights abuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Military career of Ferdinand Marcos">Fake war claims and fake medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronies_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos">Cronies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edifice_complex" title="Edifice complex">Edifice complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfie_Anido" title="Alfie Anido">Death of Alfie Anido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovie_Beams" title="Dovie Beams">Affair with Dovie Beams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_Trajano" title="Archimedes Trajano">Murder of Archimedes Trajano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Film_Center#1981_construction_deaths" title="Manila Film Center">Manila Film Center disaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1949_Philippine_general_election" title="1949 Philippine general election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1963 Philippine Senate election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_general_election" title="1965 Philippine general election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1967 Philippine Senate election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_general_election" title="1969 Philippine general election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Philippine_Constitutional_Convention_election" title="1970 Philippine Constitutional Convention election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1971 Philippine Senate election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1973 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1973 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Philippine_martial_law_referendum" title="1973 Philippine martial law referendum">1973 (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Philippine_Kabataang_Barangay_elections" title="1975 Philippine Kabataang Barangay elections">1975 (KB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Philippine_Sangguniang_Bayan_elections" title="1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections">1975 (SB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Philippine_executive_and_legislative_powers_referendum" title="1975 Philippine executive and legislative powers referendum">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Philippine_martial_law_referendum_and_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1976 Philippine martial law referendum and constitutional plebiscite">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Philippine_presidential_referendum" title="1977 Philippine presidential referendum">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Philippine parliamentary election">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Sangguniang_Pampook_elections" title="1979 Sangguniang Pampook elections">1979 (SP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Philippine_Kabataang_Barangay_elections" title="1980 Philippine Kabataang Barangay elections">1980 (KB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1981 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1981 (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_presidential_election_and_referendum" title="1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum">1981 (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Philippine_barangay_elections" title="1982 Philippine barangay elections">1982 (B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1984 Philippine parliamentary election">1984 parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Philippine_constitutional_plebiscite" title="1984 Philippine constitutional plebiscite">1984 plebiscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_general_election" title="1992 Philippine general election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Philippine_general_election" title="1995 Philippine general election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_general_election" title="1998 Philippine general election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_general_election" title="2010 Philippine general election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_general_election" title="2013 Philippine general election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_general_election" title="2016 Philippine general election">2016</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign">Bongbong Marcos vice presidential campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Philippine_general_election" title="2019 Philippine general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_general_election" title="2022 Philippine general election">2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign">Bongbong Marcos presidential campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iginuhit_ng_Tadhana_(The_Ferdinand_E._Marcos_Story)" title="Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story)">Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumander_Dante_(film)" title="Kumander Dante (film)">Kumander Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dangerous_Life" title="A Dangerous Life">A Dangerous Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batas_Militar_(1997_film)" title="Batas Militar (1997 film)">Batas Militar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavit_(film)" title="Chavit (film)">Chavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_Lies_Love" title="Here Lies Love">Here Lies Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kingmaker_(film)" title="The Kingmaker (film)">The Kingmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maid_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang" title="Maid in Malacañang">Maid in Malacañang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_or_Murderer" title="Martyr or Murderer">Martyr or Murderer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">← Diosdado Macapagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Category:Ferdinand Marcos">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Philippines1019" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Philippines1019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Presidents of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Republic</a> (1899–1901)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a> (1935–1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> (1935–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> (1944–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> (1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Republic</a> (1943–1945)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">Jose P. Laurel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a> (1946–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> (1948–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a> (1957–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> (1961–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#First_and_second_terms,_and_antecedent_events_(1965–1972_and_earlier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1965–1973</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Martial law era</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#Martial_law_period_(September_1972_–_January_1981)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1973–1981</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Fourth Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#"Fourth_Republic"_period_(January_1981_–_February_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1981–1986</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (1981–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a> (1986–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">1986–1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Presidency of Fidel V. Ramos">1992–1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">1998–2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2001–2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidency of Benigno Aquino III">2010–2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte">2016–2022</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">2022–present</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Presidents of the Philippines">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template talk:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of state of republics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria: <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="João Lourenço">João Lourenço</a></li> <li>Benin: <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Talon" title="Patrice Talon">Patrice Talon</a></li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Traor%C3%A9" title="Ibrahim Traoré">Ibrahim Traoré</a>*</li> <li>Burundi: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye" title="Évariste Ndayishimiye">Évariste Ndayishimiye</a></li> <li>Cameroon: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></li> <li>Cape Verde: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">José Maria Neves</a></li> <li>Central African Republic: <a href="/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touad%C3%A9ra" title="Faustin-Archange Touadéra">Faustin-Archange Touadéra</a></li> <li>Chad: <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a></li> <li>Comoros: <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a></li> <li>Democratic Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a></li> <li>Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li>Djibouti: <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></li> <li>Eritrea: <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a></li> <li>Gabon: <a href="/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema" title="Brice Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a>*</li> <li>Gambia: <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Adama Barrow</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></li> <li>Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya" title="Mamady Doumbouya">Mamady Doumbouya</a>*</li> <li>Guinea-Bissau: <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a></li> <li>Ivory Coast: <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a></li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a></li> <li>Liberia: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boakai" title="Joseph Boakai">Joseph Boakai</a></li> <li>Libya: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a>*</li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Andry_Rajoelina" title="Andry Rajoelina">Andry Rajoelina</a></li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a></li> <li>Mali: <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a>*</li> <li>Mauritania: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></li> <li>Mauritius: <a href="/wiki/Dharam_Gokhool" title="Dharam Gokhool">Dharam Gokhool</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a></li> <li>Namibia: <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Nangolo Mbumba</a></li> <li>Niger: <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a>*</li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a></li> <li>Rwanda: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a></li> <li>Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: <a href="/wiki/Brahim_Ghali" title="Brahim Ghali">Brahim Ghali</a></li> <li>São Tomé and Príncipe: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova" title="Carlos Vila Nova">Carlos Vila Nova</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye" title="Bassirou Diomaye Faye">Bassirou Diomaye Faye</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Wavel Ramkalawan</a></li> <li>Sierra Leone: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Julius Maada Bio</a></li> <li>Somalia: <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></li> <li>Somaliland: <a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></li> <li>South Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a></li> <li>Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>*</li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></li> <li>Togo: <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a></li> <li>Uganda: <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hakainde Hichilema</a></li> <li>Zimbabwe: <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abkhazia: <a href="/wiki/Badra_Gunba" title="Badra Gunba">Badra Gunba</a>*</li> <li>Armenia: <a href="/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan" title="Vahagn Khachaturyan">Vahagn Khachaturyan</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li>East Timor: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li>Georgia (country): <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li>Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Rashid" title="Abdul Latif Rashid">Abdul Latif Rashid</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan: <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a></li> <li>Laos: <a href="/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith" title="Thongloun Sisoulith">Thongloun Sisoulith</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></li> <li>Maldives: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Mohamed Muizzu</a></li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Kh%C3%BCrels%C3%BCkh" title="Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh">Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh</a></li> <li>Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a>*</li> <li>Nepal: <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></li> <li>Palestine: <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a>*</li> <li>South Ossetia: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gagloev" title="Alan Gagloev">Alan Gagloev</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a></li> <li>Tajikistan: <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li> <li>Turkmenistan: <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a></li> <li>Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></li> <li>Yemen: <a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albania: <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a> </li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Be%C4%87irovi%C4%87" title="Denis Bećirović">Denis Bećirović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljka_Cvijanovi%C4%87" title="Željka Cvijanović">Željka Cvijanović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Kom%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Željko Komšić">Željko Komšić</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></li> <li>Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Katerina Sakellaropoulou</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Tamás Sulyok</a></li> <li>Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" title="Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a></li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Edgars Rinkēvičs</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></li> <li>Malta: <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a></li> <li>Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a></li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova" title="Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova">Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova</a></li> <li>Northern Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Ersin_Tatar" title="Ersin Tatar">Ersin Tatar</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a>*</li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li>San Marino: <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Civerchia" title="Francesca Civerchia">Francesca Civerchia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalibor_Riccardi" title="Dalibor Riccardi">Dalibor Riccardi</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a></li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Nataša Pirc Musar</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></li> <li>Transnistria: <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barbados: <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Mason" title="Sandra Mason">Sandra Mason</a></li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></li> <li>Dominica: <a href="/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton" title="Sylvanie Burton">Sylvanie Burton</a></li> <li>Dominican Republic: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></li> <li>El Salvador: <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a></li> <li>Haiti: <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Presidential_Council" title="Transitional Presidential Council">Transitional Presidential Council</a>*</li> <li>Honduras: <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li> <li>Nicaragua: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></li> <li>Panama: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a></li> <li>Trinidad and Tobago: <a href="/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo" title="Christine Kangaloo">Christine Kangaloo</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li>Bolivia: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a></li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a></li> <li>Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Daniel Noboa</a></li> <li>Guyana: <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a></li> <li>Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Santiago Peña</a></li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a></li> <li>Suriname: <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a></li> <li>Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Luis Lacalle Pou</a></li> <li>Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fiji: <a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></li> <li>Kiribati: <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a></li> <li>Marshall Islands: <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Heine" title="Hilda Heine">Hilda Heine</a></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia: <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Simina" title="Wesley Simina">Wesley Simina</a></li> <li>Nauru: <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a></li> <li>Palau: <a href="/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr." title="Surangel Whipps Jr.">Surangel Whipps Jr.</a></li> <li>Samoa: <a href="/wiki/Tuimaleali%CA%BBifano_Va%CA%BBaleto%CA%BBa_Sualauvi_II" title="Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II">Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II</a></li> <li>Vanuatu: <a href="/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu" title="Nikenike Vurobaravu">Nikenike Vurobaravu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Asterisk (*) indicate an acting head of state · Italics indicate a head of state of non-UN member state</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_ASEAN50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_ASEAN_leaders" title="Template:Current ASEAN leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_ASEAN_leaders" title="Template talk:Current ASEAN leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_ASEAN_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current ASEAN leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_ASEAN50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit#ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">Leaders</a> of <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN"><img alt="ASEAN" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/23px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/35px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/45px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_ASEAN" title="Secretary-General of ASEAN">Secretary General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kao_Kim_Hourn" title="Kao Kim Hourn">Kao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Sonexay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Chính</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation164" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:APEC_leaders" title="Template:APEC leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:APEC_leaders" title="Template talk:APEC leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:APEC_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:APEC leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation164" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Leaders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Boluarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Taipei_representatives_to_APEC" title="List of Chinese Taipei representatives to APEC">Envoy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lin_Hsin-i" title="Lin Hsin-i">Lin</a>)1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Cường</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 President is a non-participant; Taiwan is represented as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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