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<li id="toc-Innhold" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innhold"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Innhold</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Innhold-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tolkning_og_kritikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tolkning_og_kritikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tolkning og kritikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tolkning_og_kritikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Det tapte paradis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 62 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_tapte_paradis" title="Det tapte paradis – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det tapte paradis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost_(digt)" title="Paradise Lost (digt) – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paradise Lost (digt)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_f%C3%B6rlorade_paradiset" title="Det förlorade paradiset – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Det förlorade paradiset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parad%C3%ADsarmissir" title="Paradísarmissir – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Paradísarmissir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Paradise Lost" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF" title="الفردوس المفقود – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفردوس المفقود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0tirilmi%C5%9F_c%C9%99nn%C9%99t" title="İtirilmiş cənnət – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İtirilmiş cənnət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="প্যারাডাইস লস্ট – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্যারাডাইস লস্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Страчаны рай – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Страчаны рай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Изгубеният рай – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изгубеният рай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Paradise Lost" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Parad%C3%ADs_perdut" title="El Paradís perdut – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El Paradís perdut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ztracen%C3%BD_r%C3%A1j" title="Ztracený ráj – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ztracený ráj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll_Gwynfa" title="Coll Gwynfa – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coll Gwynfa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paradise Lost" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χαμένος Παράδεισος – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαμένος Παράδεισος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paradise Lost" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_para%C3%ADso_perdido" title="El paraíso perdido – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El paraíso perdido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdita_Paradizo" title="Perdita Paradizo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perdita Paradizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradisu_galdua" title="Paradisu galdua – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paradisu galdua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="بهشت گمشده – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بهشت گمشده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Paradis_perdu" title="Le Paradis perdu – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Paradis perdu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_Paradys_Ferlern" title="It Paradys Ferlern – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="It Paradys Ferlern" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paradise Lost" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EB%82%99%EC%9B%90" title="실낙원 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="실낙원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BF" title="Կորուսյալ դրախտ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորուսյալ դրախտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="पैराडाइज लॉस्ट – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पैराडाइज लॉस्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izgubljeni_raj" title="Izgubljeni raj – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izgubljeni raj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parada%E1%BB%8Bs_furu_efu" title="Paradaịs furu efu – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Paradaịs furu efu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paradise Lost" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradiso_perduto" title="Paradiso perduto – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paradiso perduto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93" title="גן העדן האבוד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גן העדן האבוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94" title="დაკარგული სამოთხე – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დაკარგული სამოთხე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%90%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%88" title="فِردوس رۆو – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فِردوس رۆو" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradisus_amissus" title="Paradisus amissus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paradisus amissus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elveszett_paradicsom_(Milton)" title="Elveszett paradicsom (Milton) – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elveszett paradicsom (Milton)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradisa_Very" title="Paradisa Very – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Paradisa Very" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="പാരഡൈസ് ലോസ്റ്റ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാരഡൈസ് ലോസ്റ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9D_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF)" title="पॅराडाइझ लॉस्ट (महाकाव्य) – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॅराडाइझ लॉस्ट (महाकाव्य)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF" title="الفردوس المفقود – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفردوس المفقود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost_(gedicht)" title="Paradise Lost (gedicht) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paradise Lost (gedicht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="प्याराडाइज लस्ट – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्याराडाइज लस्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%A5%BD%E5%9C%92" title="失楽園 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="失楽園" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F" title="ਪੈਰਾਡਾਇਜ਼ ਲੌਸਟ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਰਾਡਾਇਜ਼ ਲੌਸਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%81" title="فردوس گمشدہ – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فردوس گمشدہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_utracony" title="Raj utracony – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Raj utracony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%ADso_Perdido" title="Paraíso Perdido – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paraíso Perdido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradisul_pierdut" title="Paradisul pierdut – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paradisul pierdut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Потерянный рай (поэма) – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Потерянный рай (поэма)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paradise Lost" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paradise Lost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadotettu_paratiisi" title="Kadotettu paratiisi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kadotettu paratiisi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பாரடைஸ் லாஸ்ட் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரடைஸ் லாஸ்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="పేరడైజ్ లాస్ట్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పేరడైజ్ లాస్ట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="แพระไดส์ลอสต์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพระไดส์ลอสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Биҳишти гумшуда – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Биҳишти гумшуда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay%C4%B1p_Cennet" title="Kayıp Cennet – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kayıp Cennet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Утрачений рай (поема) – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Утрачений рай (поема)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%81" title="فردوس گمشدہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فردوس گمشدہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%91%C3%A3_m%E1%BA%A5t" title="Thiên đường đã mất – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên đường đã mất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%92" title="失樂園 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="失樂園" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%92" title="失樂園 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="失樂園" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28754#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4"><i>Det tapte paradis </i></th></tr><tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Houghton_EC65.M6427P.1667aa_-_Paradise_Lost,_1667.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Houghton_EC65.M6427P.1667aa_-_Paradise_Lost%2C_1667.jpg/250px-Houghton_EC65.M6427P.1667aa_-_Paradise_Lost%2C_1667.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Houghton_EC65.M6427P.1667aa_-_Paradise_Lost%2C_1667.jpg/375px-Houghton_EC65.M6427P.1667aa_-_Paradise_Lost%2C_1667.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Houghton_EC65.M6427P.1667aa_-_Paradise_Lost%2C_1667.jpg/500px-Houghton_EC65.M6427P.1667aa_-_Paradise_Lost%2C_1667.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="3013" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><span class="tekst-graa">orig.</span> <i>Paradise Lost </i></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Forfatter(e)</th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a></span></span> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Språk</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">Engelsk</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Tilblivelse</th><td colspan="2">1667 </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utgitt</th><td colspan="2">1667 </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Forlag</th><td colspan="2"><span><span>Samuel Simmons</span></span> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paradise_Lost" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paradise Lost">Det tapte paradis på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Det tapte paradis</b></i> (originaltittel <i>Paradise Lost</i>) er et <a href="/wiki/Epikk" class="mw-redirect" title="Epikk">episk</a> <a href="/wiki/Dikt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dikt">dikt</a> av den <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">engelske</a> <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poeten</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>. Diktet viser ingen helter, men lar leseren følge <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>, en form for <a href="/wiki/Antihelt" title="Antihelt">antihelt</a>, og forteller den <a href="/wiki/Kristendommen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristendommen">kristne</a> historien om <a href="/wiki/Menneske" title="Menneske">menneskets</a> oppreisning, og om <a href="/wiki/Adam_og_Eva" title="Adam og Eva">Adam og Eva</a> i <a href="/wiki/Edens_hage" title="Edens hage">Edens hage</a>. Det er en rekke henvisninger til klassiske diktverk, især <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vergil" title="Vergil">Vergil</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a> </p><p>Diktet er skrevet i <a href="/wiki/Blankvers" title="Blankvers">blankvers</a>, femtaktige urimete <a href="/wiki/Jambe" title="Jambe">jamber</a>. Den første utgaven fra 1667 er organisert i 10 kapitler; mens den senere, reviderte utgaven fra 1674 har 12 kapitler (tilsvarende Vergils <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%86neiden" title="Æneiden">Æneiden</a></i>). Den ble oversatt til dansk ved I. H. Schønheyder så tidlig som i 1790, til islandsk i 1828 og er utgitt på <a href="/wiki/Norsk" title="Norsk">norsk</a> i <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Olav_Sandved" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Olav Sandved">Arthur Olav Sandveds</a> gjendiktning fra 1993 og 2005. </p><p>Temaet er paradiset som går tapt, <a href="/wiki/Teodic%C3%A9problemet" class="mw-redirect" title="Teodicéproblemet">teodicéproblemet</a>, det religionsfilosofiske og <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">teologiske</a> forsøk på å løse <a href="/wiki/Det_ondes_problem" title="Det ondes problem">det ondes problem</a>: Om <a href="/wiki/Gud" title="Gud">Gud</a> er god og allmektig, hvordan kan det onde forklares? Svaret er at om mennesket ikke hadde falt i paradiset hadde det ikke unngått en forandring. Det inngår i Guds plan. Fram til Satan møtte engelen <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> trodde han at han delte makten med Gud. Ved deres samtale forteller Gabriel om menneskets fall og at Satan inngår i Guds valg. Satan tror at han eier halve verden og av Gabriel får han vite at ingenting har skjedd uten at det var Guds vilje. Alt var Guds plan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I sin introduksjon til Penguins utgave av <i>Det tapte paradis</i> skrev Milton-forskeren <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Leonard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Leonard (ikke skrevet ennå)">John Leonard</a> at «John Milton var bortimot seksti da han utga <i>Det tapte paradis</i> i 1667. <a href="/wiki/John_Aubrey" title="John Aubrey">John Aubrey</a> (1626-1697) forteller oss at diktet ble påbegynt en gang rundt 1658 og sluttført i 1663. Men deler ble ganske sikkert skrevet tidligere, og dets røtter ligger i Miltons tidligste ungdom.»<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leonard spekulerer om <a href="/wiki/Den_engelske_borgerkrigen" title="Den engelske borgerkrigen">den engelske borgerkrigen</a> forstyrret Miltons første forsøk på å begynne sitt dikt «som ville omslutte all tid og rom.»<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leonard skrev også at Milton «planla ikke i begynnelsen å skrive et bibelsk epos». Ettersom epos ble vanligvis skrevet om heroiske konger og dronninger, og ikke minst <a href="/wiki/Hedendom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedendom">hedenske</a> guder, hadde Milton sett for seg at hans epos var basert på en <a href="/wiki/Legende" title="Legende">legendarisk</a> engelsk eller <a href="/wiki/Angelsaksere" title="Angelsaksere">angelsaksisk</a> konge som legenden om kong <a href="/wiki/Arthur_av_britene" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur av britene">Arthur</a>. </p><p>Etter å ha blitt fullstendig blind i 1652 skrev Milton <i>Det tapte paradis</i> helt og holdent gjennom diktat ved hjelp av sekretærer og venner. Hans skrev også det episke diktet mens han ofte var syk, han led av <a href="/wiki/Gikt" class="mw-disambig" title="Gikt">gikt</a>, og til tross for at han følelsesmessig hadde det tungt etter sin andre hustrus for tidlige død, Katherine Woodcock, i 1658, og at deres svært unge datter også døde, skjønt Milton giftet seg på nytt kort tid etter i 1663.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Innhold">Innhold</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Innhold" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Innhold"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:GustaveDoreParadiseLostSatanProfile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/GustaveDoreParadiseLostSatanProfile.jpg/250px-GustaveDoreParadiseLostSatanProfile.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/GustaveDoreParadiseLostSatanProfile.jpg/375px-GustaveDoreParadiseLostSatanProfile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/GustaveDoreParadiseLostSatanProfile.jpg/500px-GustaveDoreParadiseLostSatanProfile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1077" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Dorés</a> <i>Avbildning av Satan</i>, hovedpersonen i <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Miltons</a> <i>Det tapte paradis</i> c. 1866</figcaption></figure> <p>Som tidligere nevnt er diktet fordelt i tolv «bøker» eller seksjoner, og lengden på hver bok varierer ulikt (den lengste er Bok IX på 1189 linjer og den korteste er Bok VII som har 640 linjer). I den andre utgaven hadde hver bok et sammendrag først kalt «Argumentet». Diktene følger den episke tradisjonen ved å starte <i><a href="/wiki/In_medias_res" title="In medias res">in medias res</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> for «midt i tingene») hvor bakgrunnshistorien blir oppsummert senere. </p><p>Miltons fortelling har to narrative eller fortellertekniske buer: den ene er <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lucifer" title="Lucifer">Lucifer</a>) og det andre er <a href="/wiki/Adam_og_Eva" title="Adam og Eva">Adam og Eva</a>. Diktet begynner etter at Satan og andre opprørske engler har blitt beseiret og forvist til <a href="/wiki/Helvete" title="Helvete">Helvete</a>, eller som det også er kalt i diktet, <a href="/wiki/Tartarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a>. I <i>Pandæmonium</i> benytter Satan seg sin retoriske evner for å organisere sine tilhengere; han er støttet av sine nestkommanderende <a href="/wiki/Mammon" title="Mammon">Mammon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Beelzebub" title="Beelzebub">Beelzebub</a>. <a href="/wiki/Belial" title="Belial">Belial</a> og <a href="/wiki/Molok" title="Molok">Molok</a> er også tilstede. Ved slutten av debatten påtar Satan frivillig å forgifte den nyskapte Jorden og Guds nye og mest foretrukne skapning, menneskeheten. Han skryter av farene i avgrunnen på samme vis som minner om <a href="/wiki/Odyssevs" title="Odyssevs">Odyssevs</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Aineias" title="Aineias">Æneas</a>. Etter med vanskeligheter å klatret skråningen Kaos utenfor Helvete kommer han til Guds nye materielle verden, og senere til <a href="/wiki/Edens_hage" title="Edens hage">Edens hage</a>. </p><p>Delvis gjennom fortellingen blir englenes krig gjenfortalt. Satans opprør følger den episke konvensjonen av storstilt krig. Kampene mellom de trofaste englene og Satans hær skjer i løpet av tre dager. Det siste slaget involverer Guds sønn som alene beseirer hele hæren med opprørske engler og forviser dem fra himmelen. Etter utrenskningen av himmelen skaper Gud verden og ender med hans skapelse av mennesket i form av Adam og Eva. Mens Gud ga Adam og Eva fullstendig frihet og makt til å styre over alle skapelser, ga han en bestemt ordre under trussel av dødsstraff: ikke spis fra <a href="/wiki/Kunnskapens_tre" title="Kunnskapens tre">Kunnskapens tre</a> som gir kunnskap om godt og ondt. </p><p>Fortellingen om Adam og Evas fristelse og fall er fundamentalt annerledes og en ny form for epikk: en hjemlig epikk. Adam og Eva er presentert for første gang i kristen litteratur som i forhold, men fortsatt uten synd. De har lidenskap og adskilte personligheter. Satan, forkledd i form av en <a href="/wiki/Slange" class="mw-redirect" title="Slange">slange</a>, greier med hell å friste Eva til spise fra Kunnskapens tre ved å benytte seg av hennes forfengelighet og lurer henne med sin <a href="/wiki/Retorikk" title="Retorikk">retorikk</a>. Senere etter at Adam har sett at Eva har syndet begår han bevisst den samme synden. Han erklærer for Eva at ettersom hun var blitt gjort fra hans legeme er de bundet til hverandre. Om hun dør må han selv dø. På dette viset framstiller Milton Adam som en heroisk figur, men også som en dypere synder enn Eva ettersom han er bevisst at hva han gjør er galt. </p><p>Etter å ha spist frukten fra Kunnskapens tre har Adam og Eva begjærlig <a href="/wiki/Sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex">sex</a>. I begynnelsen er Adam overbevist om at Eva hadde rett i å tro at frukten ville være gunstig for dem, men så snart de faller i søvn får de fryktelige <a href="/wiki/Mareritt" title="Mareritt">mareritt</a>, og etter at de har våknet opp opplever de skyld og skam for første gang. De innser at de har begått en forferdelig handling mot Gud, og de beskylder hverandre gjensidig for å ha havne i uføret. </p><p>Imidlertid får Evas unnskyldninger til Adam til at de blir forsont. Hennes oppmuntring får dem til å oppsøke Gud, for å «bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee», <i>bøye og be om nåde med ydmykt kne</i>, og for å motta Guds nåde. Adam er vist i en visjon av <a href="/wiki/Erkeengelen_Mikael" title="Erkeengelen Mikael">erkeengelen Mikael</a> alt som vil skje med menneskeheten fram til <a href="/wiki/Syndflod" title="Syndflod">Syndfloden</a>. Ettersom Adam er opprørt av denne visjonen om menneskehetens framtid forteller Mikael ham også om menneskehetens forløsning fra den opprinnelige syn gjennom <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Kristus" title="Jesus Kristus">Jesus Kristus</a> (som Mikael kaller for «Kong Messias»). </p><p>Adam og Eva blir deretter forvist fra Paradiset, og Mikael sier at Adam må finne «a paradise within thee, happier far», <i>et paradis i seg selv</i>. Adam og Eva har nå et fjernere forhold til Gud som allestedsnærværende, men usynlig (i motsetning til den tidligere konkrete Far i Paradiset). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tolkning_og_kritikk">Tolkning og kritikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tolkning og kritikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tolkning og kritikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:MedinaPL3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/MedinaPL3.jpg/250px-MedinaPL3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/MedinaPL3.jpg/375px-MedinaPL3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/MedinaPL3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption><i>Menneskets skapelse</i> av <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Baptist_Medina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Baptist Medina (ikke skrevet ennå)">John Baptist Medina</a>, gravering fra 1688-utgaven.</figcaption></figure> <p>Forfatteren og litteraturkritikeren <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> skrev at <i>Det tapte paradis</i> viste Miltons «eiendommelig evne til å forbause» og at Milton «synes å ha vært godt kjent med sitt eget geni, og å vite det var at Naturen skjenket ham mer gavemildt enn på andre: evnen til å framvise det vidstrakte, opplyse det storartete, håndheve det fryktelige, formørke det dystre, og forverre det forferdelige.»<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Angående krigen i diktet mellom Himmelen og Helvete, skrev John Leonard at: </p> <dl><dd>«<i>Det tapte paradis</i> er blant andre ting et dikt om en borgerkrig. Satan begynner en ugudelig krig i Himmelen (i 43) ved å lede en tredjedel av englene i et opprør mot Gud. Begrepet ‘ugudelig krig’ antyder at borgerkrig er ugudelig. Men Milton applauderte det engelske folk for å ha hatt mot til avsette og henrette kong <a href="/wiki/Karl_I_av_England" title="Karl I av England">Karl I</a>. I hans dikt tar han imidlertid parti med ‘himmelens fryktelige monark’ (iv 960). Kritikere har lenge kjempet med spørsmålet hvorfor en antimonarkist og en som forsvarte kongemord skulle ha valgt et emne som forpliktet ham til å forsvare monarkiets autoritet.»<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Leonard har merket seg at en del kritikere, som den kjente kristne forfatteren <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>, har argumentert for at det var ingen motsigelse i det hele tatt ettersom det i henhold til Lewis, «Milton trodde at Gud var hans 'naturlige overordnete' og at <a href="/wiki/Karl_I_av_England" title="Karl I av England">Karl Stuart</a> var det ikke.» Andre, som litteraturkritikeren <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Empson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Empson (ikke skrevet ennå)">William Empson</a>, argumenterte at «Milton fortjener anerkjennelse for å gjøre Gud ondskapsfull [i diktet] ettersom kristendommens Gud er for Empson 'en ondskapsfull Gud'.» Leonard plasserer Empsons fortolkning «i den [romantiske fortolknings]tradisjonen til <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a> og <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Shelley</a>.»<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Som poeten <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> skrev, «Årsaken til at Miltorn skrev i lenker da han skrev om englene & Gud, og om frihet da om djevler & helvete, er at han var en sann poet og av djevlenes parti uten vite det.»<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette kjente sitatet representerer kortfattet den måten som 1700- og 1800-tallets engelske <a href="/wiki/Romantikken" title="Romantikken">romantiske</a> poeter vurderte Milton. Imidlertid er Empsons syn mer komplekst. Leonard peker på at «Empson aldri benektet at Satans plan er ondskapsfull. Hva han benekter er at Gud er uskyldig av dens ondskapsfullhet: 'Milton driver håndfast hjem at Guds innerste hensikt var menneskets lykkelige fall; uansett hvor ondskapsfull Satans plan enn er, er det Guds plan også [ettersom Gud i Det tapte paradis er avbildet som både allvitende og allmektig].»<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Leonard-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_1-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_1-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_1-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> Leonard, John (2000): «Introduction» i <i>Paradise Lost</i>. New York: Penguin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Abrahm, M.H., Stephen Greenblatt, red. (2000): <i>The Norton Anthology of English Literature</i>. New York: Norton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, Samuel (1967): <i>Lives of the English Poets</i>. New York: Octagon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Blake, William (1793): <i>The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Patrides, C. A. (1966): <i>Milton and the Christian Tradition</i>, Oxford, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0208018212" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0208018212</a></li> <li>Patrides, C. A. (1968): <i>Approaches to Paradise Lost: The York Tercentenary Lectures</i>, University of Toronto, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0802015778" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0802015778</a></li> <li>Patrides, C. A. (1971): <i>Bright Essence: Studies in Milton's Theology</i>, University of Utah, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0835743829" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0835743829</a></li> <li>Patrides, C. A. (1980): <i>The Age of Milton: Backgrounds to Seventeenth-century Literature</i>, Manchester University, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0719007704" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0719007704</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tapte_paradis&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a>: <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/no:Paradise_Lost" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:no:Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a> – sitater </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no.wikisource.org/wiki/Hovedside" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/14px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/21px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://no.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Paradise_Lost" class="extiw" title="s:en:Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a> – originaltekster fra den engelskspråklige <a href="/wiki/Wikikilden" title="Wikikilden">Wikikilden</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206143925/http://www.romanbooks.co.in/pl1.php">Ressurser på nettet om <i>Paradise Lost</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org/paradise-lost-by-john-milton/">Librivox innspillinger av Paradise Lost</a> (mp3/ogg)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Tekster online</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/index.shtml"><i>Paradise Lost</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100407003530/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/index.shtml">Arkivert</a> 7. april 2010 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., versjon i formatet XHTML hos Dartmouths Miltons leserom</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20">Project Gutenberg tekstversjon 1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/26">Project Gutenberg tekstversjon 2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paradiselost.org/">Paradise Lost.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100416105754/http://www.paradiselost.org/">Arkivert</a> 16. april 2010 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., omfattende ressurser inkludert fullstendig kommentaert tekst. 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