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data-title="Halatra omby" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigeatus" title="Abigeatus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abigeatus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigeato" title="Abigeato – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abigeato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Скотокрадство – Russian" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Act of stealing cattle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rustling" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rustling_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Rustling (disambiguation)">Rustling (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Cattle_raiding" title="Talk:Cattle raiding">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund_Luzerner_Schilling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund_Luzerner_Schilling.jpg/220px-Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund_Luzerner_Schilling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund_Luzerner_Schilling.jpg/330px-Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund_Luzerner_Schilling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund_Luzerner_Schilling.jpg/440px-Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund_Luzerner_Schilling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="1381" /></a><figcaption>A cattle raid during the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a>, 1499</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cattle raiding</b> is the act of <a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">stealing</a> live cattle, often several or many at once. In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, such stealing is often referred to as <b>duffing</b>, and the perpetrator as a <b>duffer</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other areas, especially in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, the practice is known as <b>poddy-dodging</b> with the perpetrator known as a <b>poddy-dodger</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">Wild West</a> <a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboy</a> culture, cattle theft is dubbed <b>rustling</b>, while an individual who engages in it is a <b>rustler</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_cattle_raiding">Historical cattle raiding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical cattle raiding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The act of cattle-raiding is quite ancient, first attested over seven thousand years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of the oldest-known aspects of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European culture">Proto-Indo-European culture</a>, being seen in inscriptions on artifacts such as the Norse <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horns_of_Gallehus" title="Golden Horns of Gallehus">Golden Horns of Gallehus</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in works such as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1in_B%C3%B3_C%C3%BAailnge" title="Táin Bó Cúailnge">Táin Bó Cúailnge</a></i> ("Cattle Raid of <a href="/wiki/Cooley_Peninsula" title="Cooley Peninsula">Cooley</a>"), the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Indo-Aryan_peoples_and_tribes#Vedic_tribes" title="List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes"><i>paṇis</i></a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>,</i> the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> cattle raids and cattle rescues;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymn</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, who steals the cattle of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Asia">Central Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Central Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his childhood, the <a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a> conqueror <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> and a small band of followers raided travelers for goods, especially animals such as sheep, horses, and cattle. Around 1363, it is believed that Timur tried to steal a sheep from a shepherd but was shot by two arrows, one in his right leg and another in his right hand, where he lost two fingers. Both injuries disabled him for life. Timur's injuries have given him the names of Timur the Lame and Tamerlane by Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland_&_Britain"><span id="Ireland_.26_Britain"></span>Ireland & Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ireland & Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Image_of_Irelande_-_plate02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_Image_of_Irelande_-_plate02.jpg/220px-The_Image_of_Irelande_-_plate02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_Image_of_Irelande_-_plate02.jpg/330px-The_Image_of_Irelande_-_plate02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_Image_of_Irelande_-_plate02.jpg/440px-The_Image_of_Irelande_-_plate02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of cattle raid in Ireland c. 1580 in <a href="/wiki/The_Image_of_Irelande,_with_a_Discoverie_of_Woodkarne" title="The Image of Irelande, with a Discoverie of Woodkarne">The Image of Irelande</a> by John Derricke.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a>, cattle raiding, whether in retaliation for an insult under the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_conduct" title="Code of conduct">code of conduct</a> or to keep the whole clan fed during a difficult winter, was a common part of warfare between <a href="/wiki/Irish_clans" title="Irish clans">Irish clans</a>, as is often depicted in stories from <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1in_B%C3%B3_C%C3%BAailnge" title="Táin Bó Cúailnge">Táin Bó Cúailnge</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1in_B%C3%B3_Flidhais" title="Táin Bó Flidhais">Táin Bó Flidhais</a></i>. Cattle raiding and selling <a href="/wiki/Protection_racket" title="Protection racket">protection against theft</a> continued by <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Irish clan chiefs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rapparee" title="Rapparee">rapparees</a>, particularly against the estates of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> landlords, well into the 18th century in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warfare between <a href="/wiki/Scottish_clans" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish clans">Scottish clans</a> was often for very similar reasons and, during the 17th and 18th centuries, many <a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Scottish clan chiefs</a> would similarly operate an extralegal <a href="/wiki/Protection_racket" title="Protection racket">Watch</a> over the cattle herds of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish peerage">Lowland gentry</a> in return for <a href="/wiki/Protection_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Protection money">protection money</a>, which Highland Chiefs similarly used to feed their tenants and clansmen. Any cattle that were stolen from herds under the Chiefs' Watch were either retrieved, or he paid for them in full.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cattle-raiding by the <a href="/wiki/Border_reivers" title="Border reivers">Border reivers</a> was a serious problem for many centuries on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_border" title="Anglo-Scottish border">Anglo-Scottish border</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Old_West">American Old West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American Old West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Cattle_Raid_at_Harrison%27s_Landing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Great_Cattle_Raid_at_Harrison%27s_Landing.jpg/300px-The_Great_Cattle_Raid_at_Harrison%27s_Landing.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Great_Cattle_Raid_at_Harrison%27s_Landing.jpg/450px-The_Great_Cattle_Raid_at_Harrison%27s_Landing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Great_Cattle_Raid_at_Harrison%27s_Landing.jpg/600px-The_Great_Cattle_Raid_at_Harrison%27s_Landing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Raid" title="Beefsteak Raid">Beefsteak Raid</a> (1864) during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a>, rustling was considered a serious offense and in some cases resulted in <a href="/wiki/Vigilante" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigilante">vigilantes</a> hanging or shooting the thieves.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mexicans" title="Mexicans">Mexican</a> rustlers were a major issue during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865); the Mexican government was accused of supporting the habit. American rustlers also stole Mexican cattle from across the border. Failure to <a href="/wiki/Livestock_branding" title="Livestock branding">brand</a> <a href="/wiki/Maverick_(animal)" title="Maverick (animal)">new calves</a> facilitated theft.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Conflict over alleged rustling was a major issue in the <a href="/wiki/Johnson_County_War" title="Johnson County War">Johnson County War</a> of 1892 in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The transition from <a href="/wiki/Open_range" title="Open range">open range</a> to fenced grazing gradually reduced the practice of rustling in North America. In the 20th century, so called "suburban rustling" became more common, with rustlers anesthetizing cattle and taking them directly to auction. This often takes place at night, posing problems for law enforcement, because on very large ranches it can take several days for the loss of cattle to be noticed and reported. Convictions are extremely rare to nonexistent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile_and_Argentina">Chile and Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chile and Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%B3n" title="Malón">Malón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banditry_in_Chile" title="Banditry in Chile">Banditry in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Moritz_Rugendas-el_rapto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Johann_Moritz_Rugendas-el_rapto.jpg/220px-Johann_Moritz_Rugendas-el_rapto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Johann_Moritz_Rugendas-el_rapto.jpg/330px-Johann_Moritz_Rugendas-el_rapto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Johann_Moritz_Rugendas-el_rapto.jpg/440px-Johann_Moritz_Rugendas-el_rapto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2739" /></a><figcaption><i>El Malón</i>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Moritz_Rugendas" title="Johann Moritz Rugendas">Johann Moritz Rugendas</a> (1802–1858)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%81ngel_DELLA_Valle_-_La_vuelta_del_mal%C3%B3n_-_Google_Art_Project_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%C3%81ngel_DELLA_Valle_-_La_vuelta_del_mal%C3%B3n_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-%C3%81ngel_DELLA_Valle_-_La_vuelta_del_mal%C3%B3n_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%C3%81ngel_DELLA_Valle_-_La_vuelta_del_mal%C3%B3n_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-%C3%81ngel_DELLA_Valle_-_La_vuelta_del_mal%C3%B3n_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%C3%81ngel_DELLA_Valle_-_La_vuelta_del_mal%C3%B3n_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-%C3%81ngel_DELLA_Valle_-_La_vuelta_del_mal%C3%B3n_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4979" data-file-height="3118" /></a><figcaption><i>La vuelta del <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%B3n" title="Malón">malón</a></i> (The Return of the Raiders) by <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Della_Valle" title="Ángel Della Valle">Ángel Della Valle</a> (1892).</figcaption></figure> <p>Cattle raiding became a major issue at the end of the 19th century in Argentina, where cattle stolen during <i><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%B3n" title="Malón">malones</a></i> were taken through <i><a href="/wiki/Camino_de_los_chilenos" title="Camino de los chilenos">Camino de los chilenos</a></i> across the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, where they were exchanged for alcoholic beverages and <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a>. Several indigenous groups and outlaws, such as the <a href="/wiki/Boroano_people" title="Boroano people">Boroano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranquel" title="Ranquel">Ranquel</a> peoples, and the <a href="/wiki/Pincheira_brothers" title="Pincheira brothers">Pincheira brothers</a>, ravaged the southern frontier of Argentina in search of cattle. To prevent the cattle raiding, the Argentine government built a system of trenches called <a href="/wiki/Zanja_de_Alsina" title="Zanja de Alsina">Zanja de Alsina</a> in the 1870s. Most cattle raids ended after the military campaigns of the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Desert" title="Conquest of the Desert">Conquest of the Desert</a> in the 1870s, and the following partition of <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a> established by the <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Treaty_of_1881_between_Chile_and_Argentina" title="Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina">Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In a letter to Chilean President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Montt" title="Manuel Montt">Manuel Montt</a> Mapuche chief <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%B1il" title="Mañil">Mañil</a> denounced the plunder of graves in search of <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_silverwork" title="Mapuche silverwork">Mapuche silver</a>, arson of <a href="/wiki/Ruka_(Mapuche)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruka (Mapuche)">Mapuche houses</a> and other abuses against Mapuches that were happening in the newly created province. Mañil further accused intendant Villalón con Salbo of becoming rich by cattle theft.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The return of Chilean veterans from the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a> coincided with the Chilean Army's crushing of <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> resistance in the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Araucan%C3%ADa" title="Occupation of Araucanía">Occupation of Araucanía</a> (1861–1883). This led to opportunities for bandits and veterans-turned-bandits to immigrate to the newly opened Araucanía territory,<sup id="cite_ref-salinas60_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salinas60-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MembandidajeCRONO_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MembandidajeCRONO-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to sudden rise in violence and in a region that was recovering from Chilean-Mapuche warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-cadiz_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cadiz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bandits that immigrated to Araucanía allied with displaced Mapuche and made cattle theft their chief business.<sup id="cite_ref-salinas60_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salinas60-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stolen cattle was sold in marketplaces through the region.<sup id="cite_ref-salinas60_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salinas60-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_cattle_raiding_(1990–present)"><span id="Contemporary_cattle_raiding_.281990.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Contemporary cattle raiding (1990–present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contemporary cattle raiding (1990–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Africa">East Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: East Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cattle_raiding_in_Kenya" title="Cattle raiding in Kenya">Cattle raiding in Kenya</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pokot_people" title="Pokot people">Pokot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samburu_people" title="Samburu people">Samburu</a> <a href="/wiki/Nilotic_peoples" title="Nilotic peoples">Nilotic</a> populations in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> often raid each other for cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Violent cattle rustling has caused massive loss of lives such as the Monday 12 March 2001 raid among the <a href="/wiki/Marakwet_people" title="Marakwet people">Marakwet</a> in Murkutwo Location, Elgeyo Marakwet County, suspected to have been caused by the <a href="/wiki/Pokot_people" title="Pokot people">Pokot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan">Sudan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dinka-Nuer_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinka-Nuer conflict">Conflict</a> over pastures and cattle raids has been happening between <a href="/wiki/Dinka_people" title="Dinka people">Dinka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuer_people" title="Nuer people">Nuer</a> as they battle for grazing their animals.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cattle rustling is a major problem in rural areas of <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>. In the state of <a href="/wiki/Jonglei" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonglei">Jonglei</a>, cattle raids in August 2011 left around 600 people dead. Once again in January 2012, ethnic clashes related to cattle theft killed between 2,000 and 3,000 people and displaced as many as 34,500 in the area around <a href="/wiki/Pibor" title="Pibor">Pibor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Africa">West Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: West Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a></div> <p>Cattle rustling is common in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urlCows,_Bandits,_and_Violent_Conflicts:_Understanding_Cattle_Rustling_in_Northern_Nigeria_|_Olaniyan_|_Africa_Spectrum_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlCows,_Bandits,_and_Violent_Conflicts:_Understanding_Cattle_Rustling_in_Northern_Nigeria_|_Olaniyan_|_Africa_Spectrum-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlCattle_rustlers_kill_23_people_in_northern_Nigeria_|_World_news_|_The_Guardian_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlCattle_rustlers_kill_23_people_in_northern_Nigeria_|_World_news_|_The_Guardian-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlBetween_Manslaugtering_and_cattle_rustling:_The_tales_of_Fulani_herdsmen_and_rural_banditry_in_Nigeria_|_Calabar_Reporters_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlBetween_Manslaugtering_and_cattle_rustling:_The_tales_of_Fulani_herdsmen_and_rural_banditry_in_Nigeria_|_Calabar_Reporters-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The theft of sheep, goats and cows along with tractors and irrigation equipment, is one of the most difficult problems confronted by farmers in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. About 400 cases are reported annually in the north of the country, and in the south, farmers compare the situation to the Wild West. They suffer millions of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">shekels</a> in annual losses.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the stolen livestock is taken to the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, quickly slaughtered and then smuggled back into Israel, where it is sold by butchers to unsuspecting customers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rustler" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:rustler">rustler</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Raid" title="Beefsteak Raid">Beefsteak Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Reivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Reivers">Border Reivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Starlight" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Starlight">Captain Starlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_raiding_in_Kenya" title="Cattle raiding in Kenya">Cattle raiding in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redmond_O%27Hanlon_(outlaw)" title="Redmond O'Hanlon (outlaw)">Count Redmond O'Hanlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_theft" title="Horse theft">Horse theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Sully" title="Jack Sully">Jack Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadic_conflict" title="Nomadic conflict">Nomadic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_warfare" title="Ritual warfare">Ritual warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Roy_MacGregor" title="Rob Roy MacGregor">Rob Roy MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding" title="Slave raiding">Slave raiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_Slim" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda Slim">Alameda Slim</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Sidney John (1945) <i>The Australian language : an examination of the English language and English speech as used in Australia</i> Angus and Robertson, Ltd., Sydney, p. 32, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/186257552">186257552</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Derricourt, William (1899) <i>Old Convict Days</i> (2nd ed.) T.F. Unwin, London, p. 103 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5990998">5990998</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2018" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, John (19 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.townsvillebulletin.com.au/news/townsville/poddydodger-festival-celebrates-croydons-cattlestealing-fame/news-story/67962067a8cb110ee630053b7f229c11">"Poddy-Dodger Festival celebrates Croydon's cattle-stealing fame"</a>. <i>Townsville Bulletin</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Townsville+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Poddy-Dodger+Festival+celebrates+Croydon%27s+cattle-stealing+fame&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.townsvillebulletin.com.au%2Fnews%2Ftownsville%2Fpoddydodger-festival-celebrates-croydons-cattlestealing-fame%2Fnews-story%2F67962067a8cb110ee630053b7f229c11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=rustler&oldid=39197313">"rustler"</a>. Wiktionary, The Free Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=rustler&rft.pub=Wiktionary%2C+The+Free+Dictionary.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3Drustler%26oldid%3D39197313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611045553/http://perfectirishgifts.com/blog/2008/06/prehistoric_massacres_the_twin.html">"The Perfect Gift: Prehistoric Massacres"</a>. <i>Perfect Irish Gifts (The twin vices of women and cattle in prehistoric Europe)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfectirishgifts.com/blog/2008/06/prehistoric_massacres_the_twin.html">the original</a> on 2008-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perfect+Irish+Gifts+%28The+twin+vices+of+women+and+cattle+in+prehistoric+Europe%29&rft.atitle=The+Perfect+Gift%3A+Prehistoric+Massacres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperfectirishgifts.com%2Fblog%2F2008%2F06%2Fprehistoric_massacres_the_twin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Lincoln, <i>The Indo-European Cattle-Raiding Myth</i>, History of Religions (1976), p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Episode46-TheCattleRaid">"Episode 46 – The Cattle Raid : Lawrence Manzo : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive"</a>. 2001-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1101606001" title="Special:BookSources/978-1101606001"><bdi>978-1101606001</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Until+Yesterday%3A+What+Can+We+Learn+from+Traditional+Societies%3F&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1101606001&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVP1JS2eWGbUC%26pg%3DPT59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate-diplomacy.org/case-studies/conflict-between-dinka-and-nuer-south-sudan">"Conflict between Dinka and Nuer in South Sudan | Climate-Diplomacy"</a>. <i>climate-diplomacy.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=climate-diplomacy.org&rft.atitle=Conflict+between+Dinka+and+Nuer+in+South+Sudan+%7C+Climate-Diplomacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate-diplomacy.org%2Fcase-studies%2Fconflict-between-dinka-and-nuer-south-sudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16575153">"South Sudan horror at deadly cattle vendetta"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=South+Sudan+horror+at+deadly+cattle+vendetta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-16575153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlCows,_Bandits,_and_Violent_Conflicts:_Understanding_Cattle_Rustling_in_Northern_Nigeria_|_Olaniyan_|_Africa_Spectrum-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlCows,_Bandits,_and_Violent_Conflicts:_Understanding_Cattle_Rustling_in_Northern_Nigeria_|_Olaniyan_|_Africa_Spectrum_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlaniyanYahaya2016" class="citation journal cs1">Olaniyan, Azeez; Yahaya, Aliyu (14 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/afsp/article/view/989">"Cows, Bandits, and Violent Conflicts: Understanding Cattle Rustling in Northern Nigeria | Olaniyan | Africa Spectrum"</a>. <i>Africa Spectrum</i>. <b>51</b> (3): 93–105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000203971605100305">10.1177/000203971605100305</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149806324">149806324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africa+Spectrum&rft.atitle=Cows%2C+Bandits%2C+and+Violent+Conflicts%3A+Understanding+Cattle+Rustling+in+Northern+Nigeria+%26%23124%3B+Olaniyan+%26%23124%3B+Africa+Spectrum&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=93-105&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F000203971605100305&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149806324%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Olaniyan&rft.aufirst=Azeez&rft.au=Yahaya%2C+Aliyu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sub.uni-hamburg.de%2Fgiga%2Fafsp%2Farticle%2Fview%2F989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlCattle_rustlers_kill_23_people_in_northern_Nigeria_|_World_news_|_The_Guardian-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlCattle_rustlers_kill_23_people_in_northern_Nigeria_|_World_news_|_The_Guardian_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/03/cattle-rustlers-kill-northern-nigeria-zamfara-vigilante">"Cattle rustlers kill 23 people in northern Nigeria | World news | The Guardian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. Agence France-Presse. 3 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Cattle+rustlers+kill+23+people+in+northern+Nigeria+%26%23124%3B+World+news+%26%23124%3B+The+Guardian&rft.date=2018-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fjun%2F03%2Fcattle-rustlers-kill-northern-nigeria-zamfara-vigilante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlBetween_Manslaugtering_and_cattle_rustling:_The_tales_of_Fulani_herdsmen_and_rural_banditry_in_Nigeria_|_Calabar_Reporters-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlBetween_Manslaugtering_and_cattle_rustling:_The_tales_of_Fulani_herdsmen_and_rural_banditry_in_Nigeria_|_Calabar_Reporters_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190615125511/https://calabarreporters.com/31436/manslaugtering-cattle-rustling">"Between Manslaugtering and cattle rustling: The tales of Fulani herdsmen and rural banditry in Nigeria | Calabar Reporters"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calabarreporters.com/31436/manslaugtering-cattle-rustling">the original</a> on 2019-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Between+Manslaugtering+and+cattle+rustling%3A+The+tales+of+Fulani+herdsmen+and+rural+banditry+in+Nigeria+%26%23124%3B+Calabar+Reporters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalabarreporters.com%2F31436%2Fmanslaugtering-cattle-rustling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/.premium-1.660865">Israeli farmers face off against master goat thieves</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/business/taking-livestock-nis-5m-in-beasts-rustled-last-year-1.408544">Taking livestock: NIS 5m in beasts rustled last year</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Raine2007" class="citation web cs1">George Raine (2007-12-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/12/16/BUQ6TT0PK.DTL">"Cattle rustling on the rise in California"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cattle+rustling+on+the+rise+in+California&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.date=2007-12-16&rft.au=George+Raine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2007%2F12%2F16%2FBUQ6TT0PK.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jbc01">"The Handbook of Texas Online"</a>. Texas State Historical Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fjbc01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbEldon_Stephen_Branda1952" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Walter Prescott; Eldon Stephen Branda (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dx0UAAAAYAAJ&q=Cattle+rustling"><i>The Handbook of Texas</i></a>. Texas State Historical Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780876110270" title="Special:BookSources/9780876110270"><bdi>9780876110270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=9780876110270&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Walter+Prescott&rft.au=Eldon+Stephen+Branda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddx0UAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DCattle%2Brustling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Reinhold1987" class="citation web cs1">Robert Reinhold (1987-04-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/25/us/cattle-rustling-making-a-comeback-as-tough-times-hit-texas.html">"Cattle rustling making a comeback as tough times hit Texas"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cattle+rustling+making+a+comeback+as+tough+times+hit+Texas&rft.date=1987-04-25&rft.au=Robert+Reinhold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F04%2F25%2Fus%2Fcattle-rustling-making-a-comeback-as-tough-times-hit-texas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTallent1899" class="citation book cs1">Tallent, Annie D. (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackhillsorlas00tallgoog"><i>The Black Hills, Or, The Last Hunting Ground of the Dakotahs</i></a>. Nixon-Jones. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackhillsorlas00tallgoog/page/n670">559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Hills%2C+Or%2C+The+Last+Hunting+Ground+of+the+Dakotahs&rft.pages=559&rft.pub=Nixon-Jones&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Tallent&rft.aufirst=Annie+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackhillsorlas00tallgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+raiding" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Agriculture in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agriculture_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="History of agriculture in the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rural_American_history" title="Rural American history">Rural American history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_history_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American history of agriculture in the United States">African-American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_land_loss_in_the_United_States" title="Black land loss in the United States">Black land loss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Hawaiian_aquaculture" title="Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture">Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_drives_in_the_United_States" title="Cattle drives in the United States">Cattle drives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_food_regulation_in_the_United_States" title="Early history of food regulation in the United States">Early history of food regulation in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_British_America" title="Indentured servitude in British America">Indentured servitude in British America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_Virginia" title="Indentured servitude in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_Pennsylvania" title="Indentured servitude in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_plants_native_to_the_Americas" title="List of food plants native to the Americas">List of food plants native to the Americas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_agriculture_in_Virginia" title="Native American agriculture in Virginia">Native American in Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_agriculture_on_the_Great_Plains" title="Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains">Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States">Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_wine" title="History of American wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_wars" title="Sheep wars">Sheep wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery among Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">Colonial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IHC_corn_picker,_Story_County,_Iowa,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/100px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/150px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/200px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_production_in_the_United_States" title="Banana production in the United States">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping_in_the_United_States" title="Beekeeping in the United States">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackcurrant_production_in_the_United_States" title="Blackcurrant production in the United States">Blackcurrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_in_the_United_States" title="Hemp in the United States">Hemp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry production in the United States">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_production_in_the_United_States" title="Christmas tree production in the United States">Christmas tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States" title="Corn production in the United States">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_production_in_the_United_States" title="Cotton production in the United States">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cider_in_the_United_States" title="Cider in the United States">Cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Dairy industry in the United States">Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hop_production_in_the_United_States" title="Hop production in the United States">Hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_the_United_States" title="Poultry farming in the United States">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_the_United_States" title="Rice production in the United States">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach_in_the_United_States" title="Spinach in the United States">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_United_States" title="Sugar industry of the United States">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_the_United_States" title="Tea production in the United States">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Tobacco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_shade_tobacco" title="Connecticut shade tobacco">Connecticut shade tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_production_in_the_United_States" title="Wheat production in the United States">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_wine" title="American wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State, commonwealth,<br /> or territory-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Alabama">Alabama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_wine" title="Alabama wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Alaska" title="Agriculture in Alaska">Alaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Alaska" title="Aquaculture in Alaska">aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alaska" title="Cannabis in Alaska">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_wine" title="Alaska wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arizona <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_wine" title="Arizona wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Arizona" title="Cannabis in Arizona">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arkansas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_cultivation_in_Arkansas" title="Rice cultivation in Arkansas">rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_wine" title="Arkansas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almonds_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Almonds in California">almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_California" title="Cannabis in California">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnuts_in_California" title="Walnuts in California">walnuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Colorado">Colorado</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_wine" title="Colorado wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Colorado" title="Cannabis in Colorado">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Connecticut" title="Agriculture in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Connecticut" title="Cannabis in Connecticut">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_wine" title="Connecticut wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Delaware <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Delaware" title="Cannabis in Delaware">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_wine" title="Delaware wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Florida" title="Agriculture in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_wine" title="Florida wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_production_in_Florida" title="Tomato production in Florida">tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_production_in_Florida" title="Mango production in Florida">mango</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)_wine" title="Georgia (U.S. state) wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Hawaii" title="Agriculture in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Hawaii" title="Coffee production in Hawaii">coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii">sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_wine" title="Hawaii wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_in_Hawaii" title="Genetically modified food in Hawaii">genetically modified food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Idaho" title="Agriculture in Idaho">Idaho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_wine" title="Idaho wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Illinois <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Illinois" title="Cannabis in Illinois">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_wine" title="Illinois wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Indiana">Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_wine" title="Indiana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_wine" title="Iowa wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kansas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_wine" title="Kansas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Kentucky" title="Agriculture in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_wine" title="Kentucky wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_wine" title="Louisiana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Maine" title="Aquaculture in Maine">aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maine" title="Cannabis in Maine">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_wine" title="Maine wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Maryland" title="Agriculture in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maryland" title="Cannabis in Maryland">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_wine" title="Maryland wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts" title="Cannabis in Massachusetts">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_wine" title="Massachusetts wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Michigan" title="Cannabis in Michigan">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_Michigan" title="Cherry production in Michigan">cherries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_wine" title="Michigan wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Minnesota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_wine" title="Minnesota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mississippi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_wine" title="Mississippi wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Missouri <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri" title="Cannabis in Missouri">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_wine" title="Missouri wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Montana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Montana" title="Cannabis in Montana">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_wine" title="Montana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nebraska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_wine" title="Nebraska wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nevada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nevada" title="Cannabis in Nevada">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_wine" title="Nevada wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Hampshire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_wine" title="New Hampshire wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Jersey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Jersey" title="Cannabis in New Jersey">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_wine" title="New Jersey wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_York" title="Agriculture in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_York" title="Cannabis in New York">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_wine" title="New York wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Mexico" title="Cannabis in New Mexico">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_wine" title="New Mexico wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_wine" title="North Carolina wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Dakota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_wine" title="North Dakota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ohio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_wine" title="Ohio wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_wine" title="Oklahoma wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oregon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_wine" title="Oregon wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oregon" title="Cannabis in Oregon">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pennsylvania" title="Agriculture in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_wine" title="Pennsylvania wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Agriculture in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Cannabis in Puerto Rico">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Coffee production in Puerto Rico">coffee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rhode Island <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Rhode_Island" title="Cannabis in Rhode Island">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_wine" title="Rhode Island wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Carolina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_wine" title="South Carolina wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Dakota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_wine" title="South Dakota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tennessee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_wine" title="Tennessee wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Utah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utah_wine" title="Utah wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vermont <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Vermont" title="Cannabis in Vermont">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_wine" title="Vermont wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Virginia" title="Cannabis in Virginia">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_wine" title="Virginia wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Virgin Islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Washington <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_apples" title="Washington apples">apples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)" title="Cannabis in Washington (state)">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_wine" title="Washington wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>West Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_wine" title="West Virginia wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wisconsin" title="Agriculture in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_dairy_industry" title="Wisconsin dairy industry">dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_wine" title="Wisconsin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wyoming <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_wine" title="Wyoming wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Guam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Guam" title="Cannabis in Guam">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Northern Mariana Islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Cannabis in the Northern Mariana Islands">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Texas" title="Agriculture in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_rice_production" title="Texas rice production">rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_wine" title="Texas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Agriculture in the Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dirt_Region" title="Black Dirt Region">Black Dirt Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Belt" title="Corn Belt">Corn Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Belt" title="Cotton Belt">Cotton Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Belt" title="Fruit Belt">Fruit Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Belt" title="Rice Belt">Rice Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_oyster_industry" title="Pacific Northwest oyster industry">Pacific Northwest oyster industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Statistics_Service" title="National Agricultural Statistics Service">National Agricultural Statistics Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_of_Agriculture" title="United States Census of Agriculture">United States Census of Agriculture</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Agricultural policy of the United States">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Risk_Protection_Act_of_2000" title="Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000">Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Agricultural_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1975" title="California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975">California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capper%E2%80%93Volstead_Act" title="Capper–Volstead Act">Capper–Volstead Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Act_for_Responsible_Employment" title="Children's Act for Responsible Employment">Children's Act for Responsible Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_farm_bill" title="United States farm bill">Farm bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Security_Act_of_1985" title="Food Security Act of 1985">Food Security Act of 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food,_Agriculture,_Conservation,_and_Trade_Act_of_1990" title="Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990">Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Agriculture_Improvement_and_Reform_Act_of_1996" title="Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996">Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_Futures_Act" title="Grain Futures Act">Grain Futures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packers_and_Stockyards_Act" title="Packers and Stockyards Act">Packers and Stockyards Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Grazing_Act_of_1934" title="Taylor Grazing Act of 1934">Taylor Grazing Act of 1934</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and<br /> environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_United_States_agricultural_workers" title="Mental health in United States agricultural workers">Agricultural workers mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change and agriculture in the United States">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_suicides_in_the_United_States" title="Farmers' suicides in the United States">Farmer suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_in_the_United_States" title="Genetically modified food in the United States">Genetically modified food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer" title="Ogallala Aquifer">Ogallala Aquifer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adulterated_food_in_the_United_States" title="Adulterated food in the United States">Adulterated food</a></li> <li><a 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