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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Afkoms_en_jeug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afkoms_en_jeug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Afkoms en jeug</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afkoms_en_jeug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vroeë_loopbaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_loopbaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vroeë loopbaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_loopbaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opvolger_van_Trajanus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opvolger_van_Trajanus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Opvolger van Trajanus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opvolger_van_Trajanus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wetgewer:_die_Edictum_Perpetuum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wetgewer:_die_Edictum_Perpetuum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Wetgewer: die Edictum Perpetuum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wetgewer:_die_Edictum_Perpetuum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderdrukking_van_die_Jode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderdrukking_van_die_Jode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Onderdrukking van die Jode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderdrukking_van_die_Jode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argitek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argitek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Argitek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argitek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdedigingslinies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdedigingslinies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Verdedigingslinies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verdedigingslinies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Verdedigingslinies subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verdedigingslinies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teen_die_Germane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teen_die_Germane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Teen die Germane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teen_die_Germane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teen_die_Pikte_en_Skotte:_die_Muur_van_Hadrianus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teen_die_Pikte_en_Skotte:_die_Muur_van_Hadrianus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Teen die Pikte en Skotte: die Muur van Hadrianus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teen_die_Pikte_en_Skotte:_die_Muur_van_Hadrianus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuur_en_muntslag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuur_en_muntslag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kultuur en muntslag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultuur_en_muntslag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persoonlike_lewe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persoonlike_lewe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Persoonlike lewe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persoonlike_lewe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opvolging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opvolging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Opvolging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opvolging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_dood_van_Hadrianus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_dood_van_Hadrianus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Die dood van Hadrianus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_dood_van_Hadrianus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_gedig_Animula_vagula_blandula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_gedig_Animula_vagula_blandula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Die gedig <i>Animula vagula blandula</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_gedig_Animula_vagula_blandula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beelde_en_ikonografie_van_Hadrianus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beelde_en_ikonografie_van_Hadrianus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Beelde en ikonografie van Hadrianus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beelde_en_ikonografie_van_Hadrianus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdere_Materiaal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdere_Materiaal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Verdere Materiaal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdere_Materiaal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hadrianus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 94 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian_(Kaiser)" title="Hadrian (Kaiser) – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hadrian (Kaiser)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%84%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95" title="ሄድሪየን – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሄድሪየን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadri%C3%A1n_(emperador)" title="Hadrián (emperador) – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hadrián (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هادريان – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هادريان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هادريان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هادريان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrianu" title="Adrianu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Adrianu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian" title="Adrian – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adrian" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85)" title="هادریانوس (روم) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هادریانوس (روم)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Адрыян – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адрыян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Адриан (император) – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адриан (император)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="হাদ্রিয়ান – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাদ্রিয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrijan" title="Hadrijan – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hadrijan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadri%C3%A0" title="Hadrià – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hadrià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھادریان – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھادریان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian_(Kaiser)" title="Hadrian (Kaiser) – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hadrian (Kaiser)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αδριανός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αδριανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadriano" title="Hadriano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hadriano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano" title="Adriano – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adriano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadriano" title="Hadriano – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hadriano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هادریان – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هادریان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrien" title="Hadrien – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hadrien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haidrian" title="Haidrian – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Haidrian" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadriano_(emperador)" title="Hadriano (emperador) – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hadriano (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אדריאנוס – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדריאנוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8" title="हेद्रिअन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हेद्रिअन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrijan" title="Hadrijan – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hadrijan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus_r%C3%B3mai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="Hadrianus római császár – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hadrianus római császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Հադրիանոս – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հադրիանոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%ADanus" title="Hadríanus – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hadríanus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano" title="Adriano – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adriano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9" title="ハドリアヌス – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハドリアヌス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ადრიანე – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადრიანე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Адриан – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адриан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4" title="하드리아누스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하드리아누스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus_(imperator)" title="Hadrianus (imperator) – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hadrianus (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianas" title="Hadrianas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hadrianas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adri%C4%81ns" title="Adriāns – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Adriāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadriano" title="Hadriano – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hadriano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Адријан – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Адријан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹാഡ്രിയൻ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാഡ്രിയൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हेड्रियान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेड्रियान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هادریان – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هادریان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian_av_Romarriket" title="Hadrian av Romarriket – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hadrian av Romarriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_(emperaire)" title="Adrian (emperaire) – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adrian (emperaire)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian" title="Adrian – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Adrian" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هادریان – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هادریان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano" title="Adriano – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adriano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Адриан – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адриан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrianu_(mpiraturi)" title="Adrianu (mpiraturi) – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Adrianu (mpiraturi)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrijan" title="Hadrijan – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hadrijan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadri%C3%A1n" title="Hadrián – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hadrián" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrijan" title="Hadrijan – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hadrijan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriani" title="Adriani – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Adriani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хадријан – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хадријан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizari_Hadrian" title="Kaizari Hadrian – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaizari Hadrian" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรพรรดิฮาดริอานุส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิฮาดริอานุส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano" title="Adriano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Adriano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Адріан – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адріан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہیدریان – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیدریان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian" title="Adrian – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adrian" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" title="Hadrianus – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hadrianus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano" title="Adriano – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Adriano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E8%89%AF" title="哈德良 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈德良" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%; width:25em; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:#000; background-color:; font-size:120%; text-align:center;" colspan="2">Hadrianus </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Keiser Hadrianus. Marmerborsbeeld in die Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Venezia, Italië"><img alt="Keiser Hadrianus. Marmerborsbeeld in die Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Venezia, Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped.jpg/250px-Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped.jpg/500px-Busts_of_Hadrianus_in_Venice_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span><br /><small><div style="text-align:center">Keiser Hadrianus. Marmerborsbeeld in die <i>Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Venezia</i>, Italië</div></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tydvak </th> <td>Adopsie-Keisers </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorganger </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Trajanus" title="Trajanus">Trajanus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Periode </th> <td><a href="/wiki/117" title="117">117</a> – <a href="/wiki/138" title="138">138</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboortedatum </th> <td><a href="/wiki/24_Januarie" title="24 Januarie">24 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/76" title="76">76</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplek </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> of Italica </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sterfdatum </th> <td><a href="/wiki/10_Julie" title="10 Julie">10 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/138" title="138">138</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sterfplek </th> <td>Baiae, by <a href="/wiki/Napels" title="Napels">Napels</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboortenaam </th> <td>Publius Aelius Hadrianus </td></tr> <tr> <th>Adopsie-vader </th> <td>Trajanus </td></tr> <tr> <th>Adopsie-moeder </th> <td>Pompeia Plotina </td></tr> <tr> <th>Adopsie-seuns </th> <td>Lucius Aelius Verus Caesar en Antoninus Pius </td></tr> <tr> <th>Getroud met </th> <td>Vibia Sabina </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Hadrianus</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Latyn: <i>Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus</i>) (<a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> of Italica, <a href="/wiki/24_Januarie" title="24 Januarie">24 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/76" title="76">76</a> – Baiae (Italië), <a href="/wiki/10_Julie" title="10 Julie">10 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/138" title="138">138</a>) was vanaf <a href="/wiki/117" title="117">117</a> tot <a href="/wiki/138" title="138">138</a> die keiser van die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a>. Hy word onder meer met grootskaalse bouprojekte verbind - sy villakompleks buite Rome (in <a href="/wiki/Italiaans" title="Italiaans">Italiaans</a> bekend as <i>Villa Adriana</i>), die <a href="/wiki/Panteon_in_Rome" title="Panteon in Rome">Panteon in Rome</a> en landgoed, sy mausoleum in Rome en die <a href="/wiki/Muur_van_Hadrianus" title="Muur van Hadrianus">Hadriaanse Muur</a> wat die noordelike grens van die provinsie <a href="/wiki/Britannia_(provinsie)" title="Britannia (provinsie)">Britannia</a> aangedui het. In Rome het hy die <a href="/wiki/Panteon" title="Panteon">Panteon</a> laat herbou en die Tempel van Venus en Roma opgerig. Hy was die derde van die vyf adopsiekeisers - en die eerste Romeinse keiser wat 'n baard gedra het om sy waardering vir die Griekse kuns en beskawing te toon. Dit sou aan hom die bynaam Graeculus of "klein Griek" besorg. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afkoms_en_jeug">Afkoms en jeug</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Afkoms en jeug" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Afkoms en jeug"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Italica_amphitheatre_Santiponce_Andalucia_Spain.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Italica_amphitheatre_Santiponce_Andalucia_Spain.JPG/250px-Italica_amphitheatre_Santiponce_Andalucia_Spain.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Italica_amphitheatre_Santiponce_Andalucia_Spain.JPG/330px-Italica_amphitheatre_Santiponce_Andalucia_Spain.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Italica_amphitheatre_Santiponce_Andalucia_Spain.JPG/500px-Italica_amphitheatre_Santiponce_Andalucia_Spain.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Amfiteater in Italica</figcaption></figure> <p>Hadrianus was afkomstig uit 'n Romeinse familie uit Italica in die provinsie "Hispania ulterior" (later <i><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a></i>) in die suide van die <a href="/wiki/Iberiese_Skiereiland" title="Iberiese Skiereiland">Iberiese skiereiland</a>. Hadrianus is op <a href="/wiki/24_Januarie" title="24 Januarie">24 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/76" title="76">76</a> gebore, die seun van senator en eks-praetor Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer waarskynlik in Rome of andersins in Italica.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy was 'n groot liefhebber van die Griekse kultuur. Daaroor het hy die bynaam <i>Graeculus</i> gekry. In die jaar 86, toe hy tien jaar oud was, verloor hy sy vader. Hy kom onder die voogdyskap van die latere keiser <a href="/wiki/Trajanus" title="Trajanus">Trajanus</a> en ridder Publius Acilius Attianus. Nadat hy die "toga virilis" verkry het, besoek Hadrianus as veertienjarige, sy familiebesit in Italica. Hy ondergaan militêre opleiding en die bedoeling was dat hy die familieplase sou bestuur. Volgens sy voog het hy in Baetica te veel tyd aan jag spandeer en daarom is hy teruggeroep na Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vroeë_loopbaan"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_loopbaan"></span>Vroeë loopbaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë loopbaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë loopbaan"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die jaar 94 word Hadrianus as agttienjarige, benoem tot <i>decemvir stilitibus iudicandis</i> 'n toesighoudende pos by die gereg. Op pad na 'n loopbaan as senator word hy militêre tribuun eers by Legio II Adiutrix in Aquincum (naby die huidige <a href="/wiki/Boedapest" title="Boedapest">Boedapest</a>), waar hy Quintus Marcius Turbo leer ken het; daarna by Legio V Macedonica in die provinsie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moesi%C3%AB_Inferior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moesië Inferior (bladsy bestaan nie)">Moesia Inferior</a>. In die herfs van 97 word sy voog Trajanus onder groot druk van die <a href="/wiki/Pretoriaanse_Garde" title="Pretoriaanse Garde">Pretoriaanse Garde</a> deur keiser Nerva geadopteer. Hadrianus word in die laat herfs op pad na die <a href="/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn">Ryn</a>, waar Trajanus gestasioneer was, gestuur om die gelukwensings van sy legioen aan Trajanus oor te dra. Sy voog was nou die troonopvolger en Hadrianus 'n belangrike man. Trajanus wil hom op die moment egter nie in sy nabyheid hê nie en gee hom 'n derde militêre tibunaat in <a href="/wiki/Mogontiacum" title="Mogontiacum">Mogontiacum</a> (tans <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>), waar hy gestasioneer word by die Legio XXII Primigenia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hier het Hadrianus 'n moeisame verhouding met sy dertigjarige ouer swaer Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus, die nuutbenoemde goewerneur van die provinsie <a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a>. Servianius, die man van Hadrianus se suster, ding met Hadrianus mee om die guns van Trajanus. Toe keiser Nerva in Januarie 98 sterwe, volg Trajanus hom op as keiser. Dit het niks verander aan die rivaliteit tussen Hadrianus en Servianus nie.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hadrianus het homself uit Mogontiacum (tans <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>) na Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (tans <a href="/wiki/Keulen" title="Keulen">Keulen</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a> gehaas om Trajanus die nuus as eerste persoonlik mee te deel. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hadrian_Sestertius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Hadrian_Sestertius.jpg/200px-Hadrian_Sestertius.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Hadrian_Sestertius.jpg/300px-Hadrian_Sestertius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Hadrian_Sestertius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption>Sestertius van Hadrianus</figcaption></figure> <p>In die jaar <a href="/wiki/100" title="100">100</a> word Hadrianus familie van keiser Trajanus. Pompeia Plotina, Trajanus se vrou laat Hadrianus trou met die veertienjarige Vibia Sabina, 'n agterniggie van Trajanus. Hadrianus was toe 24 jaar oud. In dieselfde jaar word Hadrianus "quaestor" van Rome. Die funksie gee hom toegang tot die Senaat in 'n bevoorregte posisie van "quaestor Augusti". Die quaestor het die toesprake van die keiser in die senaat voorgelees.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tydens die veldtog teen Decebalus, koning van Dacië, was Hadrianus in 101 "comes Augusti" in die staf van die keiser. Vermoedelik het hy in 102 volkstribuun geword en in 105 praetor. Trajanus voorsien hom mildelik van geld om die spele te kan organiseer wat by die funksies behoort het. </p><p>In Junie 105 neem Hadrianus deel aan Trajanus se tweede Daciese oorlog as bevelvoerder van die Legio I Minervia. As dank vir sy militêre suksesse word hy deur Trajanus beloon met 'n diamant. Trajanus het die diamant vroeër van keiser Nerva gekry.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daarna word Hadrianus goewerneur van Neder-Pannonië. Op die leeftyd van 32 jaar word Hadrianus in die jaar 108 "consul suffectus". </p><p>Toe Trajanus in 113/114 sy veldtog teen die Parthe begin, gaan Hadrianus saam. Na die oorlog word hy in 117 <i>legatus Augusti pro praetore</i> van <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië">Sirië</a>. Trajanus sterf in dieselfde jaar en Hadrianus volg hom op. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opvolger_van_Trajanus">Opvolger van Trajanus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Opvolger van Trajanus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Opvolger van Trajanus"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg/250px-Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg/375px-Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg/500px-Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Borsbeeld" title="Borsbeeld">Borsbeeld</a> van Hadrianus gevind in <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Kreta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Waarskynlik het Plotina, die adopsie van Hadrianus deur <a href="/wiki/Trajanus" title="Trajanus">Trajanus</a> net voor sy dood, vervals en so Hadrianus se opvolging geforseer. Hoewel baie aan die adopsie getwyfel het, het niemand dit betwis nie. Die steun van Plotina en Lucius Licinius Sura was van groot belang vir Hadrianus.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hadrianus het vyande soos Aulus Cornelius Celsus, Aulus Cornelius Palma Frontonianus, Gaius Avidius Nigrinus en Lusius Quietus kort na mekaar laat vermoor deur sy voog Attianus. Die nuwe keiser het dadelik te doen gekry met die nasleep van die Kitosoorlog, 'n Joodse opstand wat op sy hoogtepunt 'n groot deel van die ooste van die Romeinse Ryk betrek het. Kort na sy opvolging trek Hadrianus die Romeinse legioene uit <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië">Sirië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mesopotami%C3%AB" title="Mesopotamië">Mesopotamië</a> terug. Dit was nie uit vredeliewendheid nie, maar om koste te bespaar. Die koste van die voortdurende oorloë aan die bedreigde grense het uit die hand geloop, terwyl die handhawing van die keiser se gesag in die ryk self, moeiliker geword het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wetgewer:_die_Edictum_Perpetuum">Wetgewer: die Edictum Perpetuum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Wetgewer: die Edictum Perpetuum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Wetgewer: die Edictum Perpetuum"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Europa bereik die romanisering sy hoogtepunt. Keiser Hadrianus konsolideer sy mag ten koste van die senaat en benoem 'n groot persoonlike amptenary. Hy strewe na wetgewing wat sou geld vir die hele Romeinse imperium en gee die juris Publius Salvius Iulianus in <a href="/wiki/130" title="130">130</a> die opdrag om die "praetoriaanse edikte" saam te vat in een wetboek: die <i>edictum perpetuum</i>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Roman_Empire_under_Hadrian.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Roman_Empire_under_Hadrian.png/250px-Roman_Empire_under_Hadrian.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Roman_Empire_under_Hadrian.png/500px-Roman_Empire_under_Hadrian.png 1.5x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> tydens Hadrianus se bewind</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politiek">Politiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Politiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Politiek"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hadrianus verkies die interne versterking en konsolidasie van die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> pleks van uitbreiding. Hy het grenslande uitgesluit en die legioene teruggetrek uit oorlogsgebiede. Hy verbeter die bestaande infrastruktuur en gee amnestie aan belastingontduikers. Hy onderdruk die volk en paai hulle met belastingverlaging. </p><p>Die keiser reis voortdurend rond as inspekteur om sy veldhere te kontroleer. Hy stig baie stede soos <i>Hadrianapolis</i> (Adrianopel, die huidige Turkse stad), <i>Edirne</i> in Thrasië en laat opmerklike openbare geboue oprig soos "therme" (warmwaterbaddens). In <a href="/wiki/121" title="121">121</a> of <a href="/wiki/122" title="122">122</a> reis Hadrianus na die provinsie <a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a>. Hy besoek onder andere 'n nedersetting van die Caninefate op die plek waar tans die park Arentsburg is, in die dorp <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voorburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voorburg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Voorburg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Holland" title="Zuid-Holland">Zuid-Holland</a>. Hy gee die plek markregte en vernoem die dorp na homself. As markstad bloei "Forum Hadriani" tot in die derde eeu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderdrukking_van_die_Jode">Onderdrukking van die Jode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Onderdrukking van die Jode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Onderdrukking van die Jode"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> probeer hy die Jodedom uitroei. Onder meer verbied hy die besnydenis en stig 'n nuwe Romeinse kolonie op die bouvalle van Jerusalem, waarby hy die verset van die <a href="/wiki/Jode" title="Jode">Jode</a> onder leiding van Sjimon bar Kochba met grof geweld aanpak met groot eie verliese. Hy het twaalf legioene aangewend. Baie Jode het in die woestyn omgekom en baie het gevlug. Die Joodse verstrooiing het 'n nuwe fase bereik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Argitek">Argitek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Argitek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Argitek"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pantheon_rome_2005may.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pantheon_rome_2005may.jpg/250px-Pantheon_rome_2005may.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pantheon_rome_2005may.jpg/500px-Pantheon_rome_2005may.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Panteon_in_Rome" title="Panteon in Rome">Panteon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/125" title="125">125</a> laat Hadrianus die <a href="/wiki/Pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantheon">Pantheon</a> herbou. Hy laat ook die tempel van Venus en Roma oprig. In Tibur in Tivoli laat hy tussen <a href="/wiki/126" title="126">126</a> en <a href="/wiki/134" title="134">134</a> sy lushof <i>Villa Hadriani</i> bou. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdedigingslinies">Verdedigingslinies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdedigingslinies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Verdedigingslinies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sedert die begin van die Romeinse Ryk het keisers die verowerde gebiede afgegrendel met verdedigingslinies teen die barbare. Op die mees bedreigde punte was al "limes" , versterkte grense aangelê: in Noord-Afrika, <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië">Sirië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a>. Vir <i>Germania</i> het die Romeine sedert die <a href="/wiki/Slag_by_die_Teutoburgerwoud" title="Slag by die Teutoburgerwoud">slag in die Teutoburgerwoud</a> in die jaar <a href="/wiki/9" title="9">9</a> weinig belangstelling gehad. In <a href="/wiki/83" title="83">83</a> begin die afgrendeling met "limes" tussen de natuurlike verdedigingslinies <a href="/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn">Ryn</a> en <a href="/wiki/Donau" title="Donau">Donau</a>, van Rheinbrohl suid van <a href="/wiki/Keulen" title="Keulen">Keulen</a> na die omgewing van <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>. Die stuk van die "limes" was 550 kilometer lank en voorsien van minstens duisend wagtorings en honderde forte. Die mure in Brittanje moes nog gebou word; daar is nog te hard teruggeveg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teen_die_Germane">Teen die Germane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Teen die Germane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Teen die Germane"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germania laat Hadrianus die "limes" versterk in <a href="/wiki/122" title="122">122</a> na Christus. Sy opvolger, Antoninus Pius, het hulle in <a href="/wiki/160" title="160">160</a> nog uitbrei in oostelike rigting. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hadrian%27s_wall2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hadrian%27s_wall2.jpg/250px-Hadrian%27s_wall2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hadrian%27s_wall2.jpg/375px-Hadrian%27s_wall2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hadrian%27s_wall2.jpg/500px-Hadrian%27s_wall2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muur_van_Hadrianus" title="Muur van Hadrianus">Muur van Hadrianus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Noord-Engeland" title="Noord-Engeland">Noord-Engeland</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teen_die_Pikte_en_Skotte:_die_Muur_van_Hadrianus">Teen die Pikte en Skotte: die Muur van Hadrianus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Teen die Pikte en Skotte: die Muur van Hadrianus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Teen die Pikte en Skotte: die Muur van Hadrianus"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/122" title="122">122</a> begin Hadrianus met die bou van die <i>Vallum Hadriani</i>, die <i><a href="/wiki/Muur_van_Hadrianus" title="Muur van Hadrianus">Muur van Hadrianus</a></i> of die <i>Pictemuur</i> in die noorde van Britannia teen die aanvalle van die Pikte en Skottte. Die muur is ongeveer 117 kilometer lank en loop van oos na wes van die dorp Tynemouth, aan die monding van die Tyne, via <a href="/wiki/Newcastle" class="mw-disambig" title="Newcastle">Newcastle</a> na Solway Firth by Carlisle aan die weskus. Die muur bestaan uit drie verdedigingslinies: 'n steen muur met 'n grag, 'n wal ook met 'n grag en sewentien <i>casstella</i> (forte met wagtorings). Die oorblyfsels van 'n groot Romeinse gebou by Vindolanda onlangs deur argeoloë ontdek, was moontlik deel van Hadrianus se persoonlike hoofkwartier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuur_en_muntslag">Kultuur en muntslag</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Kultuur en muntslag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Kultuur en muntslag"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hadrianus100.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Hadrianus100.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="116" /></a><figcaption>Denarius</figcaption></figure> <p>In die periode van Hadrianus en sy opvolgers bereik die portretkuns op Romeinse munte 'n hoogtepunt. Tydens die Julius-Claudius dinastie en <a href="/wiki/Vespasianus" title="Vespasianus">Vespasianus</a> se bewind word die keiser vergoddelik, en sy portret 'n ideaalbeeld. Na <a href="/wiki/Trajanus" title="Trajanus">Trajanus</a> begin 'n realistiese stylperiode. Moontlik was die belangstelling van Hadrianus vir <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> en sy reise die aanleiding daartoe. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hadrianus_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Hadrianus_gate.jpg/250px-Hadrianus_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Hadrianus_gate.jpg/500px-Hadrianus_gate.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1458" /></a><figcaption>Die Hadrianuspoort in <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persoonlike_lewe">Persoonlike lewe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Persoonlike lewe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Persoonlike lewe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reeds tydens sy opleiding in Rome het Hadrianus 'n groot bewondering vir die Griekse kultuur. Hy praat by voorkeur eerder Grieks as Latyn en het die Griekse filosofie geken. Hy het soos die Grieke nie sy baard geskeer nie. Dit was teen die Romeinse tradisie, wat 'n baard ("Barba" in Latyn) vereenselwig het met die "Barbare". Op sy reise word hy vergesel van sy geliefde Antinoüs, 'n besonder mooi Griekse jongeling, wat hy na dié se dood selfs as god laat verklaar het. Hadrianus is deur latere skrywers dikwels in 'n slegte lig gestel weens sy verhouding met Antinoüs. Sy huwelik met Vibia Sabina was nie gelukkig nie. Dit het moontlik aanleiding gegee tot die verhouding met Antinoüs waardeur die geskiedskrywer Suetonius van die hof verwyder is. </p><p>Die perd van Hadrianus met die naam Borysthenes het beroemd geraak deurdat hy die dier verewig het in 'n grafskrif wat bewaar gebly het op 'n graf in Suid-Frankryk. Daar bestaan 'n aantal fragmente van geskrifte wat aan Hadrianus toegeskryf kan word.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Altercatio Hadriani Augusti et Epicteti philosophi (6e eeu/7e eeu).</li> <li>Carmina</li> <li>De vita sua (van die outobiografie het slegs fragmente bewaar gebly)</li> <li>Edictum de Mora agricolis Vallis Nili in solvendo vectigali concedenda</li> <li>Epistula ad Avidium Quietum</li> <li>Epistula ad Plotinam Augustam de Popillio Theotimo, sectae Epicureae diadocho</li> <li>Epistula ad Sextilium Acutianum</li> <li>Epistula ad Stratonicenses Hadrianopolis</li> <li>Epistula de bonorum possessione liberis militum danda</li> <li>Epistula de iudiciis privatis (Vel Traiani?)</li> <li>Laudatio funebris in honorem Matidiae socrus</li> <li>Oratio ad exercitum africanum</li> <li>Rescriptum de Schola Epicurea Atheniensi</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opvolging">Opvolging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Opvolging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Opvolging"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sy huwelik bly kinderloos. In <a href="/wiki/136" title="136">136</a> adopteer hy Lucius Ceionus Commodus as sy seun en opvolger – die seun moet nie verwar word met die latere keiser Commodus, seun van Marcus Aurelius nie. Die opvolger kry daarmee die naam Lucius Aelius Verus Caesar, hy is egter nie gesond nie en sterf met die nuwe jaar 138. In 137 onderdruk Hadrianus 'n sameswering teen hom deur sy swaer en eks-konsul Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus en die se kleinseun Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator. Met Commodus wou Hadrianus waarskynlik sy opvolging vir twee generasies vaslê, want 'n dogter van Commodus was verloof aan Marcus Annius Verus, die latere <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>. Toe Commodus sterf, adopteer Hadrianus die gewaardeerde senator <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> in sy plek, en vra hom om op sy beurt om die seuns van Commodus te adopteer. Hulle kry respektiewelik die name Lucius Aurelius Commodus en Marcus Aurelius Verus. Sodoende sorg Hadrianus vir twee goeie keisers as sy opvolgers: Antoninus Pius, en na hom Marcus Aurelius. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_dood_van_Hadrianus">Die dood van Hadrianus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Die dood van Hadrianus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Die dood van Hadrianus"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sant%27Angelo-SB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sant%27Angelo-SB.jpg/250px-Sant%27Angelo-SB.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sant%27Angelo-SB.jpg/375px-Sant%27Angelo-SB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sant%27Angelo-SB.jpg/500px-Sant%27Angelo-SB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Engeleburg (Castel Sant'Angelo), oorspronklik opgerig as keiserlike <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> waar Hadrianus en ander lede van die keiserlike familie hul laaste rusplek gevind het</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:NAMA_Antino%C3%BCs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NAMA_Antino%C3%BCs.jpg/250px-NAMA_Antino%C3%BCs.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NAMA_Antino%C3%BCs.jpg/375px-NAMA_Antino%C3%BCs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NAMA_Antino%C3%BCs.jpg/500px-NAMA_Antino%C3%BCs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption>Borsbeeld van Antinoüs</figcaption></figure> <p>Hadrianus sterf in sy villa in Baiae naby <a href="/wiki/Napels" title="Napels">Napels</a> en word eers begrawe in Pozzuoli, maar later herbegrawe in die Tuine van Domitia by sy onvoltooide mausoleum. Na voltooiing van sy grafmonument, die Engeleburg (Castel Sant'Angelo) in Rome, word hy deur sy opvolger, Antoninus Pius, veras en ingemessel met die as van sy vrou Vibia Sabina en sy adopsie-seun Lucius Aelius. In <a href="/wiki/139" title="139">139</a> keur die Senaat op inisiatief van Antoninus Pius, Hadrianus se opname onder die gode goed. Die Senaat het dit teësinnig gedoen omdat Hadrianus die magte van die Senaat ingekort het. Na sy dood word Hadrianus se dekrete omgedraai en die Ryk word weer uit Rome bestuur volgens die beginsel van "Roma imperat". In <a href="/wiki/145" title="145">145</a> kry Hadrianus sy "Tempel van Hadrianus" op die "Campus Martius" (Marsveld) in Rome, waarvan nog steeds enkele suile staan, ingemessel in 'n muur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_gedig_Animula_vagula_blandula">Die gedig <i>Animula vagula blandula</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Die gedig Animula vagula blandula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Die gedig Animula vagula blandula"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <i>Historia Augusta</i> [25,5] skryf die gedig toe aan die sterwende Hadrianus. Dit was oorspronklik sonder titel maar word gewoonlik "Animula vagula blandula" genoem (volgens die eerste drie woorde). Deur die kwaliteit daarvan lyk dit outentiek, maar daar is baie polemiek daaroor: </p><p><i>Animula vagula blandula,</i><br /> <i>hospes comesque corporis,</i><br /> <i>quo nunc abibis? in loca</i><br /> <i>Pallidula rigida nudula (nubila?) -</i><br /> <i>nec ut soles dabis iocos.</i> </p><p>Vertaling:<br /> "Dierbaar teer en swewende siel, metgesel van my liggaam, wat jou gasheer was, jy sal straks afdaal na die bleek, harde en kaal oorde en sal moet afstand doen van jou speelsheid van weleer." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beelde_en_ikonografie_van_Hadrianus">Beelde en ikonografie van Hadrianus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Beelde en ikonografie van Hadrianus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Beelde en ikonografie van Hadrianus"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die 19e eeu is 'n beeld van die keiser in goeie toestand uit die Londense <a href="/wiki/Teems" title="Teems">Teems</a> opgehaal. Opgrawinge in <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a> by Sagalassos in 2007 onder leiding van professor Marc Waelkens van die KU Leuven het 'n enorme kop van Hadrianus ontdek. Die mooiste beeldversameling staan opgestel in die Britse Museum in Londen. Die museum besit ook 'n stukkie papirus van 'n grotendeels verlore outobiografie van die keiser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdere_Materiaal">Verdere Materiaal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdere Materiaal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Verdere Materiaal"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Birley, Anthony R., <i>Hadrian the restless emperor</i>, Routledge, London, 1997 (biografie)</li> <li>Everitt, Anthony, <i>Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome</i>, Ambo/Amsterdam</li> <li>Jörg Fündling, <i>Kommentar zur Vita Hadriani der Historia Augusta</i> (= <i>Antiquitas</i>, reeks 4: <i>Beiträge zur Historia-Augusta-Forschung</i>, deel 3: <i>Kommentare</i>, dele 4.1 en 4.2). Habelt, Bonn 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3774933901" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7749-3390-1</a> (omvattende analise van die Vita Hadriani; en ook 'n analise van die resultate van die wetenskaplik ondersoek na Hadrianus; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sehepunkte.de/2008/12/14459.html">resensie</a></li> <li>Susanne Mortensen, <i>Hadrian. Eine Deutungsgeschichte.</i> Habelt, Bonn 2004, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3774932298" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7749-3229-8</a> (Oorsig oor die wetenskaplik ondersoek oor Hadrianus sedert die middel van die 19e eeu)</li> <li>Yourcenar, Marguerite, <i>Mémoires d'Hadrien</i>, Atheneum-Polak & Van Gennep/Amsterdam</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Romeinse_keisers" title="Lys van Romeinse keisers">Lys van Romeinse keisers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrianus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit;Susterprojek/styl.css"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hadrian" class="extiw" title="commons:Hadrian">Hadrianus</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hadrian. (2008). <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Deluxe Edition. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fündling, 2006, deel. 4.1, pp. 233 en 260 met 'n verwysing na die <i>Epitome de Caesaribus</i> 14,2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Birley, 2006, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Birley 2006, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Historia Augusta (<i>Vita Hadriani</i> 2.6) meld dat Hadrianus se koets deur dienaars van Servianus aangeval is en onklaar gemaak is, om so te voorkom dat Hadrianus die nuwe keiser Trajanus eerste kon inlig. Die geskiedkundige en skrywer Jörg Fündling vind die storie egter nie geloofwaardig nie. Fündling 2006, deel 4.1, pp. 289-294).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fündling, 2006, deel 4.1, pp. 334-351</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fündling, 2006, deel 4.1, pp. 341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A.M. Canto, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/ghi/02130181/articulos/GERI0303120305A.PDF">La dinastia Ulio-Aelia (98 – 192 d.C.)</a> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Spaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">es</span>) </span>, veral bladsye 322, 328, 341 en die voetnoot 124 oor Plotina Scriptores Historia Augusta, <i>Vita Hadr.</i> 1.2: <i>pro filio habitus</i> (1993); 3.2: <i>ad bellum Dacicum Traianum familiarius prosecutus est</i> (in 101) en veral 3.7: <i>quare adamante gemma quam Traianus a Nerva acceperat donatus ad spem successionis erectus est</i> (in 107).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Corpus Scriptorum Latinorum</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-size: 85%; clear:both; margin: 0em 0em -0.5em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik vanuit <span class="plainlinks"></span><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianus" class="extiw" title="nl:Hadrianus">die Nederlandse Wikipedia</a> vertaal. </td> <td width="20"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info"><span title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon.">   </span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon."><img alt="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon." 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href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile (bladsy bestaan nie)">BNC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000035822">000035822</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX821271">XX821271</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11954875z">cb11954875z</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027527530">027527530</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (bladsy bestaan nie)">TePapa</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/67181">67181</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500022200">500022200</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual 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mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nuwe onderwerp</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7ccc697c5f-7hf9f","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.163","walltime":"0.330","ppvisitednodes":{"value":801,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":18158,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1067,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4010,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 143.912 1 -total"," 57.36% 82.552 1 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