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is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.04427">arXiv:2307.04427</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.04427">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2307.04427">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Astrophysics of Galaxies">astro-ph.GA</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9818">10.1126/science.adc9818 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ahrens%2C+M">M. Ahrens</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Alves%2C+A+A">A. A. Alves Jr.</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+T">T. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Anton%2C+G">G. Anton</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S">S. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Baur%2C+S">S. Baur</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Becker%2C+K+-">K. -H. Becker</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a> , et al. (364 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.04427v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, has been a mystery for over a century. Due to deflection in interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays from the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, near their sources and during propagation, cosmic rays interact with matter and produce high-energy neutrinos. We search for neutrin… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.04427v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2307.04427v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.04427v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, has been a mystery for over a century. Due to deflection in interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays from the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, near their sources and during propagation, cosmic rays interact with matter and produce high-energy neutrinos. We search for neutrino emission using machine learning techniques applied to ten years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. We identify neutrino emission from the Galactic plane at the 4.5$蟽$ level of significance, by comparing diffuse emission models to a background-only hypothesis. The signal is consistent with modeled diffuse emission from the Galactic plane, but could also arise from a population of unresolved point sources. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.04427v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2307.04427v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 July, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Submitted on May 12th, 2022; Accepted on May 4th, 2023</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Science 380, 6652, 1338-1343 (2023) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03042">arXiv:2209.03042</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.03042">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2209.03042">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability">physics.data-an</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/P11003">10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/P11003 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Graph Neural Networks for Low-Energy Event Classification & Reconstruction in IceCube </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Aggarwal%2C+N">N. Aggarwal</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ahrens%2C+M">M. Ahrens</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Alves%2C+A+A">A. A. Alves Jr.</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+T">T. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Anton%2C+G">G. Anton</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S">S. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Becker%2C+K+-">K. -H. Becker</a> , et al. (359 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2209.03042v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> IceCube, a cubic-kilometer array of optical sensors built to detect atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos between 1 GeV and 1 PeV, is deployed 1.45 km to 2.45 km below the surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole. The classification and reconstruction of events from the in-ice detectors play a central role in the analysis of data from IceCube. Reconstructing and classifying events is a challen… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2209.03042v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2209.03042v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2209.03042v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> IceCube, a cubic-kilometer array of optical sensors built to detect atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos between 1 GeV and 1 PeV, is deployed 1.45 km to 2.45 km below the surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole. The classification and reconstruction of events from the in-ice detectors play a central role in the analysis of data from IceCube. Reconstructing and classifying events is a challenge due to the irregular detector geometry, inhomogeneous scattering and absorption of light in the ice and, below 100 GeV, the relatively low number of signal photons produced per event. To address this challenge, it is possible to represent IceCube events as point cloud graphs and use a Graph Neural Network (GNN) as the classification and reconstruction method. The GNN is capable of distinguishing neutrino events from cosmic-ray backgrounds, classifying different neutrino event types, and reconstructing the deposited energy, direction and interaction vertex. Based on simulation, we provide a comparison in the 1-100 GeV energy range to the current state-of-the-art maximum likelihood techniques used in current IceCube analyses, including the effects of known systematic uncertainties. For neutrino event classification, the GNN increases the signal efficiency by 18% at a fixed false positive rate (FPR), compared to current IceCube methods. Alternatively, the GNN offers a reduction of the FPR by over a factor 8 (to below half a percent) at a fixed signal efficiency. For the reconstruction of energy, direction, and interaction vertex, the resolution improves by an average of 13%-20% compared to current maximum likelihood techniques in the energy range of 1-30 GeV. The GNN, when run on a GPU, is capable of processing IceCube events at a rate nearly double of the median IceCube trigger rate of 2.7 kHz, which opens the possibility of using low energy neutrinos in online searches for transient events. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2209.03042v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2209.03042v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 11 October, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 7 September, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Prepared for submission to JINST</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11589">arXiv:2101.11589</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.11589">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2101.11589">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/07/P07041">10.1088/1748-0221/16/07/P07041 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A Convolutional Neural Network based Cascade Reconstruction for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ahrens%2C+M">M. Ahrens</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Alispach%2C+C">C. Alispach</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Alves%2C+A+A">A. A. Alves Jr.</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=An%2C+R">R. An</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+T">T. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ansseau%2C+I">I. Ansseau</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Anton%2C+G">G. Anton</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S">S. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Barbano%2C+A">A. Barbano</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bastian%2C+B">B. Bastian</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Baum%2C+V">V. Baum</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Baur%2C+S">S. Baur</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a> , et al. (343 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2101.11589v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Continued improvements on existing reconstruction methods are vital to the success of high-energy physics experiments, such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. In IceCube, further challenges arise as the detector is situated at the geographic South Pole where computational resources are limited. However, to perform real-time analyses and to issue alerts to telescopes around the world, powerful an… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2101.11589v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2101.11589v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2101.11589v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Continued improvements on existing reconstruction methods are vital to the success of high-energy physics experiments, such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. In IceCube, further challenges arise as the detector is situated at the geographic South Pole where computational resources are limited. However, to perform real-time analyses and to issue alerts to telescopes around the world, powerful and fast reconstruction methods are desired. Deep neural networks can be extremely powerful, and their usage is computationally inexpensive once the networks are trained. These characteristics make a deep learning-based approach an excellent candidate for the application in IceCube. A reconstruction method based on convolutional architectures and hexagonally shaped kernels is presented. The presented method is robust towards systematic uncertainties in the simulation and has been tested on experimental data. In comparison to standard reconstruction methods in IceCube, it can improve upon the reconstruction accuracy, while reducing the time necessary to run the reconstruction by two to three orders of magnitude. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2101.11589v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2101.11589v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 26 July, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 27 January, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">39 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Journal of Instrumentation; added references</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> JINST 16 (2021) P07041 </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 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