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reference</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: reference"> <meta name="keywords" content="reference"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="reference"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2353</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: reference</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2353</span> Design and Implementation of A 10-bit SAR ADC with A Programmable Reference</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasmayadi%20Abdul%20Majid">Hasmayadi Abdul Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuzman%20Yusoff"> Yuzman Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Shelida%20Salleh"> Noor Shelida Salleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of a single-ended 38.5 kS/s 10-bit programmable reference SAR ADC which is realized in MIMOS’s 0.35 µm CMOS process. The design uses a resistive DAC, a dynamic comparator with pre-amplifier and a SAR digital logic to create 10 effective bits ADC. A programmable reference circuitry allows the ADC to operate with different input range from 0.6 V to 2.1 V. A single ended 38.5 kS/s 10-bit programmable reference SAR ADC was proposed and implemented in a 0.35 µm CMOS technology and consumed less than 7.5 mW power with a 3 V supply. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successive%20approximation%20register%20analog-to-digital%20converter" title="successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter">successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAR%20ADC" title=" SAR ADC"> SAR ADC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistive%20DAC" title=" resistive DAC"> resistive DAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programmable%20reference" title=" programmable reference"> programmable reference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19760/design-and-implementation-of-a-10-bit-sar-adc-with-a-programmable-reference" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2352</span> Reference Management Software: Comparative Analysis of RefWorks and Zotero</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujit%20K.%20Basak">Sujit K. Basak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparison of reference management software between RefWorks and Zotero. The results were drawn by comparing two software and the novelty of this paper is the comparative analysis of software and it has shown that ReftWorks can import more information from the Google Scholar for the researchers. This finding could help to know researchers to use the reference management software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title=" comparative analysis"> comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20management%20software" title=" reference management software"> reference management software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=researchers" title=" researchers"> researchers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11670/reference-management-software-comparative-analysis-of-refworks-and-zotero" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2351</span> Formal Specification of Web Services Applications for Digital Reference Services of Library Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magaji%20Zainab%20Musa">Magaji Zainab Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20M.%20A.%20Rahman"> Nordin M. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaily%20Aida%20Jusoh"> Julaily Aida Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the formal specification of web services applications for digital reference services (WSDRS). Digital reference service involves a user requesting for help from a reference librarian and a reference librarian responding to the request of a user all by electronic means. In most cases users do not get satisfied while using digital reference service due to delay of response of the librarians. Another may be due to no response or due to librarian giving an irrelevant solution to the problem submitted by the user. WDSRS is an informal model that claims to reduce the problems of digital reference services in libraries. It uses web services technology to provide efficient way of satisfying users’ need in the reference section of libraries. But informal model is in natural language which is inconsistent and ambiguous that may cause difficulties to the developers of the system. In order to solve this problem we decided to convert the informal specifications into formal specifications. This is supposed to reduce the overall development time and cost. Formal specification can be used to provide an unambiguous and precise supplement to natural language descriptions. It can be rigorously validated and verified leading to the early detection of specification errors. We use Z language to develop the formal model and verify it with Z/EVES theorem prover tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal" title="formal">formal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specifications" title=" specifications"> specifications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20services" title=" web services"> web services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20reference%20services" title=" digital reference services"> digital reference services</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34898/formal-specification-of-web-services-applications-for-digital-reference-services-of-library-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2350</span> Combining Laws of Mechanics and Hydrostatics in Non Inertial Reference Frames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Blokh">M. Blokh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Method of combined teaching laws of classical mechanics and hydrostatics in non-inertial reference frames for undergraduate students is proposed. Pressure distribution in a liquid (or gas) moving with acceleration is considered. Combined effect of hydrostatic force and force of inertia on a body immersed in a liquid can lead to paradoxical results, in a motion of pendulum in particular. The body motion under Stokes force influence and forces in rotating reference frames are investigated as well. Problems and difficulties in student perceptions are analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title="hydrodynamics">hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanics" title=" mechanics"> mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-inertial%20reference%20frames" title=" non-inertial reference frames"> non-inertial reference frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching "> teaching </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28610/combining-laws-of-mechanics-and-hydrostatics-in-non-inertial-reference-frames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2349</span> Phrases, Agreement and Reference in Students' Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20Lisa%20Aryanti">Maya Lisa Aryanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20M.%20Hum"> S. S. M. Hum </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Students usually make a lot of mistakes when they write their composition. The common mistake occurs when they write their own sentences. They perhaps can use certain verb and verb phrases properly, but on another occasion, they may choose wrong verb phrases. This paper illustrates ill-formed phrases, improper agreement between subject and verb and referent and reference in the students’ writings. The objectives of this research are to show possible variety of ill-formed phrases, to show frequent mistakes in S-V Agreement, and to show wrong reference in students’ writing. The methodology of this research is descriptive qualitative research. Some general linguistic theories and semantics are used in this paper. The results of this research concern to the number and the forms of possible ill-formed phrases, the types of Subject-Verb Agreement which are often applied incorrectly in a sentence and types of reference which are often used incorrectly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agreement" title="agreement">agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaning" title=" meaning"> meaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phrases" title=" phrases"> phrases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference" title=" reference"> reference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79187/phrases-agreement-and-reference-in-students-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2348</span> Reference Architecture for Intelligent Enterprise Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shankar%20Kambhampaty">Shankar Kambhampaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harish%20Rohan%20Kambhampaty"> Harish Rohan Kambhampaty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data in IT systems in enterprises has been growing at a phenomenal pace. This has provided opportunities to run analytics to gather intelligence on key business parameters that enable them to provide better products and services to customers. While there are several artificial intelligence (AI/ML) and business intelligence (BI) tools and technologies available in the marketplace to run analytics, there is a need for an integrated view when developing intelligent solutions in enterprises. This paper progressively elaborates a reference model for enterprise solutions, builds an integrated view of data, information, and intelligence components, and presents a reference architecture for intelligent enterprise solutions. Finally, it applies the reference architecture to an insurance organization. The reference architecture is the outcome of experience and insights gathered from developing intelligent solutions for several organizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligence" title=" intelligence"> intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20intelligence" title=" business intelligence"> business intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title=" AI"> AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BI" title=" BI"> BI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ML" title=" ML"> ML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytics" title=" analytics"> analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise" title=" enterprise"> enterprise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132436/reference-architecture-for-intelligent-enterprise-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2347</span> Temporal Variation of Reference Evapotranspiration in Central Anatolia Region, Turkey and Meteorological Drought Analysis via Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alper%20Serdar%20Anli">Alper Serdar Anli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is important in arid and semi-arid regions where water resources are limited. In this study, temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and meteorological drought analysis through SPEI (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index) method have been carried out in provinces of Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Reference evapotranspiration of concerning provinces in the region has been estimated using Penman-Monteith method and one calendar year has been split up four periods as r1, r2, r3 and r4. Temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration according to four periods has been analyzed through parametric Dickey-Fuller test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. As a result, significant increasing trends for reference evapotranspiration have been detected and according to SPEI method used for estimating meteorological drought in provinces, mild drought has been experienced in general, and however there have been also a significant amount of events where moderate and severely droughts occurred. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20Anatolia%20region" title="central Anatolia region">central Anatolia region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20index" title=" drought index"> drought index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penman-Monteith" title=" Penman-Monteith"> Penman-Monteith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20evapotranspiration" title=" reference evapotranspiration"> reference evapotranspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20variation" title=" temporal variation"> temporal variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63824/temporal-variation-of-reference-evapotranspiration-in-central-anatolia-region-turkey-and-meteorological-drought-analysis-via-standardized-precipitation-evapotranspiration-index-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2346</span> Validation of the Formal Model of Web Services Applications for Digital Reference Service of Library Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Magaji%20Musa">Zainab Magaji Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20M.%20A.%20Rahman"> Nordin M. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaily%20Aida%20Jusoh"> Julaily Aida Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The web services applications for digital reference service (WSDRS) of LIS model is an informal model that claims to reduce the problems of digital reference services in libraries. It uses web services technology to provide efficient way of satisfying users’ needs in the reference section of libraries. The formal WSDRS model consists of the Z specifications of all the informal specifications of the model. This paper discusses the formal validation of the Z specifications of WSDRS model. The authors formally verify and thus validate the properties of the model using Z/EVES theorem prover. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title="validation">validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verification" title=" verification"> verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal" title=" formal"> formal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theorem%20prover" title=" theorem prover"> theorem prover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34902/validation-of-the-formal-model-of-web-services-applications-for-digital-reference-service-of-library-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2345</span> Improvement of Process Competitiveness Using Intelligent Reference Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20Macedo">Julio Macedo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several methodologies are now available to conceive the improvements of a process so that it becomes competitive as for example total quality, process reengineering, six sigma, define measure analysis improvement control method. These improvements are of different nature and can be external to the process represented by an optimization model or a discrete simulation model. In addition, the process stakeholders are several and have different desired performances for the process. Hence, the methodologies above do not have a tool to aid in the conception of the required improvements. In order to fill this void we suggest the use of intelligent reference models. A reference model is a set of qualitative differential equations and an objective function that minimizes the gap between the current and the desired performance indexes of the process. The reference models are intelligent so when they receive the current state of the problematic process and the desired performance indexes they generate the required improvements for the problematic process. The reference models are fuzzy cognitive maps added with an objective function and trained using the improvements implemented by the high performance firms. Experiments done in a set of students show the reference models allow them to conceive more improvements than students that do not use these models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20improvement" title="continuous improvement">continuous improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20cognitive%20maps" title=" fuzzy cognitive maps"> fuzzy cognitive maps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20competitiveness" title=" process competitiveness"> process competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20simulation" title=" qualitative simulation"> qualitative simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20dynamics" title=" system dynamics"> system dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158194/improvement-of-process-competitiveness-using-intelligent-reference-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2344</span> Intelligent Control Design of Car Following Behavior Using Fuzzy Logic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Merah">Abdelkader Merah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kada%20Hartani"> Kada Hartani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A reference model based control approach for improving behavior following car is proposed in this paper. The reference model is nonlinear and provides dynamic solutions consistent with safety constraints and comfort specifications. a robust fuzzy logic based control strategy is further proposed in this paper. A set of simulation results showing the suitability of the proposed technique for various demanding cenarios is also included in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20model" title="reference model">reference model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20control" title=" longitudinal control"> longitudinal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20car" title=" design of car"> design of car</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14210/intelligent-control-design-of-car-following-behavior-using-fuzzy-logic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2343</span> Mobile Agent Security Using Reference Monitor Based Security Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandhya%20Armoogum">Sandhya Armoogum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In distributed systems and in open systems such as the Internet, often mobile code has to run on unknown and potentially hostile hosts. Mobile code such as a mobile agent is vulnerable when executing on remote hosts. The mobile agent may be subjected to various attacks such as tampering, inspection, and replay attack by a malicious host. Much research has been done to provide solutions for various security problems, such as authentication of mobile agent and hosts, integrity and confidentiality of the data carried by the mobile agent. Many of such proposed solutions in literature are not suitable for open systems whereby the mobile code arrives and executes on a host which is not known and trusted by the mobile agent owner. In this paper, we propose the adoption of the reference monitor by hosts in an open system for providing trust and security for mobile code execution. A secure protocol for the distribution of the reference monitor entity is described. This reference monitor entity on the remote host may also provide several security services such as authentication and integrity to the mobile code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title="security">security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20agents" title=" mobile agents"> mobile agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20monitor" title=" reference monitor"> reference monitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31788/mobile-agent-security-using-reference-monitor-based-security-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2342</span> Evaluation of Dynamic Log Files for Different Dose Rates in IMRT Plans </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Bin%20Saeed">Saad Bin Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayzan%20Ahmed"> Fayzan Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20Ahmed"> Shahbaz Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Hussain"> Amjad Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to evaluate dynamic log files (Dynalogs) at different dose rates by dose-volume histograms (DVH) and used as a (QA) procedure of IMRT. Seven patients of phase one head and neck cancer with similar OAR`s are selected randomly. Reference plans of dose rate 300 and 600 MU/Min with prescribed dose of 50Gy in 25 fractions for each patient is made. Dynalogs produced by delivery of reference plans processed by in-house MATLAB program which produces new field files contain actual positions of multi-leaf collimators (MLC`s) instead of planned positions in reference plans. Copies of reference plans are used to import new field files generated by MATLAB program and renamed as Dyn.plan. After dose calculations of Dyn.plans for different dose rates, DVH, and multiple linear regression tools are used to evaluate reference and Dyn.plans. The results indicate good agreement of correlation between different dose rate plans. The maximum dose difference among PTV and OAR`s are found to be less than 5% and 9% respectively. The study indicates the potential of dynalogs to be used as patient-specific QA of IMRT at different dose rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMRT" title="IMRT">IMRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynalogs" title=" dynalogs"> dynalogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose%20rate" title=" dose rate"> dose rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DVH" title=" DVH"> DVH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24120/evaluation-of-dynamic-log-files-for-different-dose-rates-in-imrt-plans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2341</span> Using Lagrange Equations to Study the Relative Motion of a Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Petre">R. A. Petre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20E.%20Nichifor"> S. E. Nichifor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Craifaleanu"> A. Craifaleanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Stroe"> I. Stroe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relative motion of a robotic arm formed by homogeneous bars of different lengths and masses, hinged to each other is investigated. The first bar of the mechanism is articulated on a platform, considered initially fixed on the surface of the Earth, while for the second case the platform is considered to be in rotation with respect to the Earth. For both analyzed cases the motion equations are determined using the Lagrangian formalism, applied in its traditional form, valid with respect to an inertial reference system, conventionally considered as fixed. However, in the second case, a generalized form of the formalism valid with respect to a non-inertial reference frame will also be applied. The numerical calculations were performed using a MATLAB program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrange%20equations" title="Lagrange equations">Lagrange equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20motion" title=" relative motion"> relative motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20reference%20frame" title=" inertial reference frame"> inertial reference frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-inertial%20reference%20frame" title=" non-inertial reference frame"> non-inertial reference frame</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128576/using-lagrange-equations-to-study-the-relative-motion-of-a-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2340</span> A Comparative Analysis of Zotero and Mendeley Reference Management Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujit%20K.%20Basak">Sujit K. Basak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparison of the reference management software between Zotero and Mendeley and the results were drawn by comparing the two software’s. The novelty of this paper is the comparative analysis of the software and it has shown that Mendeley can import more information from the Google Scholar for the researchers. This finding can help to know researchers to use the reference management software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title=" comparative analysis"> comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zotero" title=" zotero"> zotero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=researchers" title=" researchers"> researchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mendeley" title=" Mendeley"> Mendeley</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12936/a-comparative-analysis-of-zotero-and-mendeley-reference-management-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">613</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2339</span> Performance Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter for Various Reference Current Generation Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20V.%20Choudhari">Vishal V. Choudhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurao%20A.%20Dongre"> Gaurao A. Dongre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Diwan"> S. P. Diwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A number of reference current generation have been developed for analysis of shunt active power filter to mitigate the load compensation. Depending upon the type of load the technique has to be chosen. In this paper, six reference current generation techniques viz. instantaneous reactive power theory(IRP), Synchronous reference frame theory(SRF), Perfect harmonic cancellation(PHC), Unity power factor method(UPF), Self-tuning filter method(STF), Predictive filtering method(PFM) are compared for different operating conditions. The harmonics are introduced because of non-linear loads in the system. These harmonics are eliminated using above techniques. The results and performance of system simulated on MATLAB/Simulink platform. The system is experimentally implemented using DS1104 card of dSPACE system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAPF" title="SAPF">SAPF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title=" power quality"> power quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THD" title=" THD"> THD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IRP" title=" IRP"> IRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRF" title=" SRF"> SRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dSPACE%20module%20DS1104" title=" dSPACE module DS1104"> dSPACE module DS1104</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19083/performance-analysis-of-shunt-active-power-filter-for-various-reference-current-generation-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2338</span> Semi-Supervised Hierarchical Clustering Given a Reference Tree of Labeled Documents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhao">Ying Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xingyan%20Bin"> Xingyan Bin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Semi-supervised clustering algorithms have been shown effective to improve clustering process with even limited supervision. However, semi-supervised hierarchical clustering remains challenging due to the complexities of expressing constraints for agglomerative clustering algorithms. This paper proposes novel semi-supervised agglomerative clustering algorithms to build a hierarchy based on a known reference tree. We prove that by enforcing distance constraints defined by a reference tree during the process of hierarchical clustering, the resultant tree is guaranteed to be consistent with the reference tree. We also propose a framework that allows the hierarchical tree generation be aware of levels of levels of the agglomerative tree under creation, so that metric weights can be learned and adopted at each level in a recursive fashion. The experimental evaluation shows that the additional cost of our contraint-based semi-supervised hierarchical clustering algorithm (HAC) is negligible, and our combined semi-supervised HAC algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms on real-world datasets. The experiments also show that our proposed methods can improve clustering performance even with a small number of unevenly distributed labeled data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-supervised%20clustering" title="semi-supervised clustering">semi-supervised clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%0D%0Aagglomerative%20clustering" title=" hierarchical agglomerative clustering"> hierarchical agglomerative clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20trees" title=" reference trees"> reference trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20constraints" title=" distance constraints "> distance constraints </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19478/semi-supervised-hierarchical-clustering-given-a-reference-tree-of-labeled-documents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2337</span> Factors Affecting Students' Performance in the Examination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amylyn%20F.%20Labasano">Amylyn F. Labasano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significant number of empirical studies are carried out to investigate factors affecting college students’ performance in the academic examination. With a wide-array of literature-and studies-supported findings, this study is limited only on the students’ probability of passing periodical exams which is associated with students’ gender, absences in the class, use of reference book, and hours of study. Binary logistic regression was the technique used in the analysis. The research is based on the students’ record and data collected through survey. The result reveals that gender, use of reference book and hours of study are significant predictors of passing an examination while students’ absenteeism is an insignificant predictor. Females have 45% likelihood of passing the exam than their male classmates. Students who use and read their reference book are 38 times more likely pass the exam than those who do not use and read their reference book. Those who spent more than 3 hours in studying are four (4) times more likely pass the exam than those who spent only 3 hours or less in studying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absences" title="absences">absences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20logistic%20regression" title=" binary logistic regression"> binary logistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hours%20of%20study%20prediction-causation%20method" title=" hours of study prediction-causation method"> hours of study prediction-causation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodical%20exams" title=" periodical exams"> periodical exams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20sampling" title=" random sampling"> random sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20book" title=" reference book"> reference book</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40763/factors-affecting-students-performance-in-the-examination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2336</span> A Model-Reference Sliding Mode for Dual-Stage Actuator Servo Control in HDD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sonkham">S. Sonkham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Pinsopon"> U. Pinsopon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Chatlatanagulchai"> W. Chatlatanagulchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a method of sliding mode control (SMC) designing and developing for the servo system in a dual-stage actuator (DSA) hard disk drive. Mathematical modelling of hard disk drive actuators is obtained, extracted from measuring frequency response of the voice-coil motor (VCM) and PZT micro-actuator separately. Matlab software tools are used for mathematical model estimation and also for controller design and simulation. A model-reference approach for tracking requirement is selected as a proposed technique. The simulation results show that performance of a model-reference SMC controller design in DSA servo control can be satisfied in the tracking error, as well as keeping the positioning of the head within the boundary of +/-5% of track width under the presence of internal and external disturbance. The overall results of model-reference SMC design in DSA are met per requirement specifications and significant reduction in %off track is found when compared to the single-state actuator (SSA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20disk%20drive" title="hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-stage%20actuator" title=" dual-stage actuator"> dual-stage actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=track%20following" title=" track following"> track following</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hdd%20servo%20control" title=" hdd servo control"> hdd servo control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model-reference" title=" model-reference"> model-reference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracking%20control" title=" tracking control"> tracking control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6748/a-model-reference-sliding-mode-for-dual-stage-actuator-servo-control-in-hdd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2335</span> Spirometric Reference Values in 236,606 Healthy, Non-Smoking Chinese Aged 4–90 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiashu%20Shen">Jiashu Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Spirometry is a basic reference for health evaluation which is widely used in clinical. Previous reference of spirometry is not applicable because of drastic changes of social and natural circumstance in China. A new reference values for the spirometry of the Chinese population is extremely needed. Method: Spirometric reference value was established using the statistical modeling method Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF). Results: Data from 236,606 healthy non-smokers aged 4–90 years was collected from the MJ Health Check database. Spirometry equations for FEV1, FVC, MMEF, and FEV1/FVC were established, including the predicted values and lower limits of normal (LLNs) by sex. The predictive equations that were developed for the spirometric results elaborated the relationship between spirometry and age, and they eliminated the effects of height as a variable. Most previous predictive equations for Chinese spirometry were significantly overestimated (to be exact, with mean differences of 22.21% in FEV1 and 31.39% in FVC for males, along with differences of 26.93% in FEV1 and 35.76% in FVC for females) or underestimated (with mean differences of -5.81% in MMEF and -14.56% in FEV1/FVC for males, along with a difference of -14.54% in FEV1/FVC for females) the results of lung function measurements as found in this study. Through cross-validation, our equations were established as having good fit, and the means of the measured value and the estimated value were compared, with good results. Conclusions: Our study updates the spirometric reference equations for Chinese people of all ages and provides comprehensive values for both physical examination and clinical diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese" title="Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GAMLSS%20model" title=" GAMLSS model"> GAMLSS model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20values" title=" reference values"> reference values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirometry" title=" spirometry"> spirometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129111/spirometric-reference-values-in-236606-healthy-non-smoking-chinese-aged-4-90-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2334</span> Defining a Reference Architecture for Predictive Maintenance Systems: A Case Study Using the Microsoft Azure IoT-Cloud Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walter%20Bernhofer">Walter Bernhofer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Haber"> Peter Haber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Mayer"> Tobias Mayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manfred%20Mayr"> Manfred Mayr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20Ziegler"> Markus Ziegler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current preventive maintenance measures are cost intensive and not efficient. With the available sensor data of state of the art internet of things devices new possibilities of automated data processing emerge. Current advances in data science and in machine learning enable new, so called predictive maintenance technologies, which empower data scientists to forecast possible system failures. The goal of this approach is to cut expenses in preventive maintenance by automating the detection of possible failures and to improve efficiency and quality of maintenance measures. Additionally, a centralization of the sensor data monitoring can be achieved by using this approach. This paper describes the approach of three students to define a reference architecture for a predictive maintenance solution in the internet of things domain with a connected smartphone app for service technicians. The reference architecture is validated by a case study. The case study is implemented with current Microsoft Azure cloud technologies. The results of the case study show that the reference architecture is valid and can be used to achieve a system for predictive maintenance execution with the cloud components of Microsoft Azure. The used concepts are technology platform agnostic and can be reused in many different cloud platforms. The reference architecture is valid and can be used in many use cases, like gas station maintenance, elevator maintenance and many more. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title="case study">case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20maintenance" title=" predictive maintenance"> predictive maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20architecture" title=" reference architecture"> reference architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78945/defining-a-reference-architecture-for-predictive-maintenance-systems-a-case-study-using-the-microsoft-azure-iot-cloud-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2333</span> Model Reference Adaptive Control and LQR Control for Quadrotor with Parametric Uncertainties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alia%20Abdul%20Ghaffar">Alia Abdul Ghaffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Richardson"> Tom Richardson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A model reference adaptive control and a fixed gain LQR control were implemented in the height controller of a quadrotor that has parametric uncertainties due to the act of picking up an object of unknown dimension and mass. It is shown that an adaptive control, unlike a fixed gain control, is capable of ensuring a stable tracking performance under such condition, although adaptive control suffers from several limitations. The combination of both adaptive and fixed gain control in the controller architecture results in an enhanced tracking performance in the presence of parametric uncertainties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title="UAV">UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrotor" title=" quadrotor"> quadrotor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20arm%20augmentation" title=" robotic arm augmentation"> robotic arm augmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20reference%20adaptive%20control" title=" model reference adaptive control"> model reference adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LQR%20control" title=" LQR control"> LQR control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14946/model-reference-adaptive-control-and-lqr-control-for-quadrotor-with-parametric-uncertainties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2332</span> Dynamic Exergy Analysis for the Built Environment: Fixed or Variable Reference State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Bonetti">Valentina Bonetti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exergy analysis successfully helps optimizing processes in various sectors. In the built environment, a second-law approach can enhance potential interactions between constructions and their surrounding environment and minimise fossil fuel requirements. Despite the research done in this field in the last decades, practical applications are hard to encounter, and few integrated exergy simulators are available for building designers. Undoubtedly, an obstacle for the diffusion of exergy methods is the strong dependency of results on the definition of its 'reference state', a highly controversial issue. Since exergy is the combination of energy and entropy by means of a reference state (also called "reference environment", or "dead state"), the reference choice is crucial. Compared to other classical applications, buildings present two challenging elements: They operate very near to the reference state, which means that small variations have relevant impacts, and their behaviour is dynamical in nature. Not surprisingly then, the reference state definition for the built environment is still debated, especially in the case of dynamic assessments. Among the several characteristics that need to be defined, a crucial decision for a dynamic analysis is between a fixed reference environment (constant in time) and a variable state, which fluctuations follow the local climate. Even if the latter selection is prevailing in research, and recommended by recent and widely-diffused guidelines, the fixed reference has been analytically demonstrated as the only choice which defines exergy as a proper function of the state in a fluctuating environment. This study investigates the impact of that crucial choice: Fixed or variable reference. The basic element of the building energy chain, the envelope, is chosen as the object of investigation as common to any building analysis. Exergy fluctuations in the building envelope of a case study (a typical house located in a Mediterranean climate) are confronted for each time-step of a significant summer day, when the building behaviour is highly dynamical. Exergy efficiencies and fluxes are not familiar numbers, and thus, the more easy-to-imagine concept of exergy storage is used to summarize the results. Trends obtained with a fixed and a variable reference (outside air) are compared, and their meaning is discussed under the light of the underpinning dynamical energy analysis. As a conclusion, a fixed reference state is considered the best choice for dynamic exergy analysis. Even if the fixed reference is generally only contemplated as a simpler selection, and the variable state is often stated as more accurate without explicit justifications, the analytical considerations supporting the adoption of a fixed reference are confirmed by the usefulness and clarity of interpretation of its results. Further discussion is needed to address the conflict between the evidence supporting a fixed reference state and the wide adoption of a fluctuating one. A more robust theoretical framework, including selection criteria of the reference state for dynamical simulations, could push the development of integrated dynamic tools and thus spread exergy analysis for the built environment across the common practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy" title="exergy">exergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20state" title=" reference state"> reference state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49953/dynamic-exergy-analysis-for-the-built-environment-fixed-or-variable-reference-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2331</span> Simulink Library for Reference Current Generation in Active DC Traction Substations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihaela%20Popescu">Mihaela Popescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandru%20Bitoleanu"> Alexandru Bitoleanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is focused on the reference current calculation in the compensation mode of the active DC traction substations. The so-called p-q theory of the instantaneous reactive power is used as theoretical foundation. The compensation goal of total compensation is taken into consideration for the operation under both sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal voltage conditions, through the two objectives of unity power factor and perfect harmonic cancelation. Four blocks of reference current generation implement the conceived algorithms and they are included in a specific Simulink library, which is useful in a DSP dSPACE-based platform working under Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results validate the correctness of the implementation and fulfillment of the compensation tasks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20power%20filter" title="active power filter">active power filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20traction" title=" DC traction"> DC traction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-q%20theory" title=" p-q theory"> p-q theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simulink%20library" title=" Simulink library"> Simulink library</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27955/simulink-library-for-reference-current-generation-in-active-dc-traction-substations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">673</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2330</span> The Incompressible Preference of Turbulence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20David%20Dunstan">Samuel David Dunstan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An elementary observation of a laminar cylindrical Poiseulle-Couette flow profile reveals no distinction in the parabolic streamwise profile from one without a cross-stream flow in whatever reference frame the observation is made. This is because the laminar flow is in solid-body rotation, and there is no intrinsic fluid rotation. Hence the main streamwise Poiseuille flow is unaffected. However, in turbulent (unsteady) cylindrical Poiseuille-Couette flow, the rotational reference frame must be considered, and any observation from an external inertial reference frame can give outright incorrect results. A common misconception in the study of fluid mechanics is the position of the observer does not matter. In this DNS (direct numerical simulation) study, firstly, turbulent flow in a pipe with axial rotation is established. Then in turbulent flow in the concentric pipe, with inner wall rotation, it is shown how the wall streak direction is oriented by the rotational reference frame. The Coriolis force here is not so fictitious after all! <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentric%20pipe" title="concentric pipe">concentric pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20and%20inertial%20frames" title=" rotational and inertial frames"> rotational and inertial frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frame%20invariance" title=" frame invariance"> frame invariance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20streaks" title=" wall streaks"> wall streaks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20orientation" title=" flow orientation"> flow orientation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161266/the-incompressible-preference-of-turbulence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2329</span> Community-Based Reference Interval of Selected Clinical Chemistry Parameters Among Apparently Healthy Adolescents in Mekelle City, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Belay%20Kassahun">Getachew Belay Kassahun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Locally established clinical laboratory reference intervals (RIs) are required to interpret laboratory test results for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. The objective of this study was to establish a reference interval of clinical chemistry parameters among apparently healthy adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years in Mekelle, Tigrai, in the northern part of Ethiopia. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was employed from December 2018 to March 2019 in Mekelle City among 172 males and 172 females based on a Multi-stage sampling technique. Blood samples were tested for Fasting blood sugar (FBS), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin (ALB), direct and indirect bilirubin (BIL.D and BIL.T) using 25 Bio system clinical chemistry analyzer. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and based on the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI)/ International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) C 28-A3 Guideline which deﬁnes the reference interval as the 95% central range of 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Mann Whitney U test, descriptive statistics and box and whisker were statistical tools used for analysis. Results: This study observed statistically significant differences between males and females in ALP, ALT, AST, Urea and Creatinine Reference intervals. The established reference intervals for males and females, respectively, were: ALP (U/L) 79.48-492.12 versus 63.56-253.34, ALT (U/L) 4.54-23.69 versus 5.1-20.03, AST 15.7- 39.1 versus 13.3- 28.5, Urea (mg/dL) 9.33-24.99 versus 7.43-23.11, and Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.393-0.957 versus 0.301-0.846. The combined RIs for Total Protein (g/dL) were 6.08-7.85, ALB (g/dL) 4.42-5.46, FBS(mg/dL) 65-110, BIL.D (mg/dL) 0.033-0.532, and BIL.T (mg/dL) 0.106-0.812. Conclusions: The result showed a marked difference between sex and company-derived values for selected clinical chemistry parameters. Thus, the use of age and sex-specific locally established reference intervals for clinical chemistry parameters is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20interval" title="reference interval">reference interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent" title=" adolescent"> adolescent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20chemistry" title=" clinical chemistry"> clinical chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167949/community-based-reference-interval-of-selected-clinical-chemistry-parameters-among-apparently-healthy-adolescents-in-mekelle-city-tigrai-northern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2328</span> Comparison of Effect of Pre-Stressed Strand Diameters Providing Beamm to Column Connection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Kaya">Mustafa Kaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of pre-stressed strand diameters, providing the beam-to-column connections, was investigated from both experimental, and analytical aspects. In the experimental studies, the strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacities of the precast specimens comprising two pre-stressed strand samples of 12.70 mm, and 15.24 mm diameters, were compared with the reference specimen. The precast specimen with strands of 15.24 mm reached 96% of the maximum strength of the reference specimen; the amount of energy dissipated by this specimen until end of the test reached 48% of the amount of energy dissipated by the reference sample, and the stiffness of the same specimen at a 1.5% drift of reached 77% of the stiffness of the reference specimen at this drift. Parallel results were obtained during the analytical studies from the aspects of strength, and behavior, but the initial stiffness of the analytical models was lower than that of the test specimen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precast%20beam%20to%20column%20connection" title="precast beam to column connection">precast beam to column connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment%20resisting%20connection" title=" moment resisting connection"> moment resisting connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20tensioned%20connections" title=" post tensioned connections"> post tensioned connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30324/comparison-of-effect-of-pre-stressed-strand-diameters-providing-beamm-to-column-connection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2327</span> Anaphora and Cataphora on the Selected State of the City Addresses of the Mayor of Dapitan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Herman%20Sumagang%20Potoy">Mark Herman Sumagang Potoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> State of the City Address (SOCA) is a speech, modelled after the State of the Nation Address, given not as mandated by law but usually a matter of practice or tradition delivered before the chief executive’s constituents. Through this, the general public is made to know the performance of the local government unit and its agenda for the coming year. Therefore, it is imperative for SOCAs to clearly convey its message and carry out the myriad function of enlightening its readers which could be achieved through the proper use of reference. Anaphora and cataphora are the two major types of reference; the former refer back to something that has already been mentioned while the latter points forward to something which is yet to be said. This paper seeks to identify the types of reference employed on the SOCAs from 2014 to 2016 of Hon. Rosalina Garcia Jalosjos, Mayor of Dapitan City and look into how the references contribute to the clarity of the message of the text. The qualitative method of research is used in this study through an in-depth analysis of the corpus. As soon as the copies of the SOCAs are secured from the Office of the City Mayor, they are then analyzed using documentary technique categorizing the types of reference as to anaphora and cataphora, counting each of these types and describing the implications of the dominant types used in the addresses. After a thorough analysis, it is found out that the two reference types namely, anaphora and cataphora are both employed on the three SOCAs, the former being used more frequently than the latter accounting to 80% and 20% of actual usage, respectively. Moreover, the use of anaphors and cataphora on the three addresses helps in conveying the message clearly because they primarily become aids to avoid the repetition of the same element in the text especially when there wasn’t a need to emphasize a point. Finally, it is recommended that writers of State of the City Addresses should have a vast knowledge on how reference should be used and the functions they take in the text since this is a vital tool to clearly transmit a message. Moreover, English teachers should explicitly teach the proper usage of anaphora and cataphora, as instruments to develop cohesion in written discourse, to enable students to write not only with sense but also with fluidity in tying utterances together. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaphora" title="anaphora">anaphora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cataphora" title=" cataphora"> cataphora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference" title=" reference"> reference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=State%20of%20the%20City%20Address" title=" State of the City Address"> State of the City Address</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71450/anaphora-and-cataphora-on-the-selected-state-of-the-city-addresses-of-the-mayor-of-dapitan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2326</span> Kannudi- A Reference Editor for Kannada (Based on OPOK! and OHOK! Principles, and Domain Knowledge)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishweshwar%20V.%20Dixit">Vishweshwar V. Dixit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kannudi is a reference editor introducing a method of input for Kannada, called OHOK!, that is, Ottu Hāku Ottu Koḍu!. This is especially suited for pressure-sensitive input devices, though the current online implementation uses the regular mechanical keyboard. OHOK! has three possible modes, namely, sva-ottu (self-conjunct), kandante (as you see), and andante (as you say). It may be noted that kandante mode does not follow the phonetic order. However, this model may work well for those who are inclined to visualize as they type rather than vocalize the sounds. Kannudi also demonstrates how domain knowledge can be effectively used to potentially increase speed, accuracy, and user-friendliness. For example, selection of a default vowel, automatic shunyification, and arkification. Also implemented are four types of Deletes that are necessary for phono-syllabic languages like Kannada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kannada" title="kannada">kannada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjunct" title=" conjunct"> conjunct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20editor" title=" reference editor"> reference editor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20input" title=" pressure input"> pressure input</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153904/kannudi-a-reference-editor-for-kannada-based-on-opok-and-ohok-principles-and-domain-knowledge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2325</span> UAV’s Enhanced Data Collection for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Barka">Kamel Barka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyamine%20Guezouli"> Lyamine Guezouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assem%20Rezki"> Assem Rezki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we propose a protocol called DataGA-DRF (a protocol for Data collection using a Genetic Algorithm through Dynamic Reference Points) that collects data from Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. This protocol is based on DGA (Destination selection according to Genetic Algorithm) to control the movement of the UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) between dynamic reference points that virtually represent the sensor node deployment. The dynamics of these points ensure an even distribution of energy consumption among the sensors and also improve network performance. To determine the best points, DataGA-DRF uses a classification algorithm such as K-Means. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20wireless%20networks" title="heterogeneous wireless networks">heterogeneous wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicles" title=" unmanned aerial vehicles"> unmanned aerial vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20point" title=" reference point"> reference point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collect%20data" title=" collect data"> collect data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162579/uavs-enhanced-data-collection-for-heterogeneous-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2324</span> Determination of Community Based Reference Interval of Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) among Healthy Populations in Mekelle City Tigray, Northern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Belay%20Kassahun">Getachew Belay Kassahun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) currently becomes a biomarker for screening liver fibrosis since liver biopsy procedure is invasive and variation in pathological interpretation. Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute recommends establishing age, sex and environment specific reference interval for biomarkers in a homogenous population. The current study was aimed to derive community based reference interval of APRI aged between 12 and 60 years old in Mekelle city Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. Method: Six hundred eighty eight study participants were collected from three districts in Mekelle city. The 3 districts were selected through random sampling technique and sample size to kebelles (small administration) were distributed proportional to household number in each district. Lottery method was used at household level if more than 2 study participants to each age partition were found. A community based cross sectional in a total of 534 study participants, 264 male and 270 females, were included in the final laboratory and data analysis but around 154 study participants were excluded through exclusion criteria. Aspartate aminotransferase was analyzed through Biosystem chemistry analyzer and Sysmix machine was used to analyze platelet. Man Whitney U test non parametric stastical tool was used to appreciate stastical difference among gender after excluding the outliers through Box and Whisker. Result: The study appreciated stastical difference among gender for APRI reference interval. The combined, male and female reference interval in the current study was 0.098-0.390, 0.133-0.428 and 0.090-0.319 respectively. The upper and lower reference interval of males was higher than females in all age partition and there was no stastical difference (p-value (<0.05)) between age partition. Conclusion: The current study showed using sex specific reference interval is significant to APRI biomarker in clinical practice for result interpretation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20interval" title="reference interval">reference interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspartate%20aminotransferase%20to%20platelet%20ratio%20Index" title=" aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio Index"> aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio Index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tigray" title=" tigray"> tigray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167950/determination-of-community-based-reference-interval-of-aspartate-aminotransferase-to-platelet-ratio-index-apri-among-healthy-populations-in-mekelle-city-tigray-northern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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