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<li id="toc-Db2_for_LUW" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_for_LUW"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Db2 for LUW</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_for_LUW-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Db2_for_z/OS_-_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_for_z/OS_-_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Db2 for z/OS - evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_for_z/OS_-_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Db2_Warehouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_Warehouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Db2 Warehouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_Warehouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Db2_on_Cloud/Db2_Hosted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_on_Cloud/Db2_Hosted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Db2 on Cloud/Db2 Hosted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_on_Cloud/Db2_Hosted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Db2_Warehouse_on_Cloud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_Warehouse_on_Cloud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Db2 Warehouse on Cloud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_Warehouse_on_Cloud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Db2_BigSQL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_BigSQL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Db2 BigSQL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_BigSQL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Db2_Event_Store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_Event_Store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Db2 Event Store</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_Event_Store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Db2_for_IBM_i" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_for_IBM_i"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Db2 for IBM i</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_for_IBM_i-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other Platforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Editions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Editions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Editions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IBM_Db2_Community_Edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBM_Db2_Community_Edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>IBM Db2 Community Edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBM_Db2_Community_Edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Db2_Starter_Edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Db2_Starter_Edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Db2 Starter Edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Db2_Starter_Edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBM_Db2_Standard_Edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBM_Db2_Standard_Edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>IBM Db2 Standard Edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBM_Db2_Standard_Edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBM_Db2_Advanced_Edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBM_Db2_Advanced_Edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>IBM Db2 Advanced Edition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBM_Db2_Advanced_Edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Code names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Technical information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_2" title="آي بي إم دي بي 2 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آي بي إم دي بي 2" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="IBM Db2" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Db2" title="Db2 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Db2" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%DB%B2" title="دی‌بی۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دی‌بی۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IBM Db2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IBM Db2" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9" title="ไอบีเอ็ม ดีบีทู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอบีเอ็ม ดีบีทู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IBM Db2" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB2" title="DB2 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="DB2" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_DB2" title="IBM DB2 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="IBM DB2" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q431195#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:IBM_Db2" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">IBM Db2</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/150px-IBM_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/225px-IBM_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/300px-IBM_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1983<span class="noprint">; 42 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release(s)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="margin:0px;">12.1<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-b1d7d5851a0db2b6e6d3ea9c14e776a48ea009b5-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-b1d7d5851a0db2b6e6d3ea9c14e776a48ea009b5-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431195?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 14 November 2024<span class="noprint">; 4 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">14 November 2024</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>. Historical support for <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_microprocessors" title="IBM Power microprocessors">IBM Power microprocessors</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">Size</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.6 GB</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">RDBMS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> <a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">commercial software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_license_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Software license agreement">Proprietary EULA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/db2/">www<wbr />.ibm<wbr />.com<wbr />/db2<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431195?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">IBM Db2 for z/OS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/150px-IBM_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/225px-IBM_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/300px-IBM_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1983<span class="noprint">; 42 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">13.1 </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PL/X" class="mw-redirect" title="PL/X">PL/X</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Z/Architecture" title="Z/Architecture">z/Architecture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">RDBMS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Software_license_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Software license agreement">Proprietary EULA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibm.com/products/db2-for-zos">ibm<wbr />.com<wbr />/products<wbr />/db2-for-zos</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Db2</b> is a family of <a href="/wiki/Data_management" title="Data management">data management</a> products, including <a href="/wiki/Database_server" title="Database server">database servers</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. It initially supported the <a href="/wiki/Relational_model" title="Relational model">relational model</a>, but was extended to support <a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational" class="mw-redirect" title="Object–relational">object–relational</a> features and non-relational structures like <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> and <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>. The brand name was originally styled as DB2<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when it changed to its present form. In the early days, it was sometimes wrongly styled as DB/2 in a false derivation from the operating system OS/2.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DB2 traces its roots back to the beginning of the 1970s, when <a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgar F. Codd</a>, a researcher working for IBM, described the theory of relational databases, and in June 1970, published the model for data manipulation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, the IBM San Jose Research Center developed a related <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">Database Management System (DBMS)</a> called <a href="/wiki/IBM_System_R" title="IBM System R">System R</a>, to implement Codd's concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A key development of the System R project was the Structured Query Language (<a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>). To apply the relational model, Codd needed a relational-database language he named <a href="/wiki/Alpha_(programming_language)" title="Alpha (programming language)">DSL/Alpha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, IBM did not believe in the potential of Codd's ideas, leaving the implementation to a group of programmers not under Codd's supervision. This led to an inexact interpretation of Codd's relational model that matched only part of the prescriptions of the theory; the result was Structured English QUEry Language or <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SEQUEL</a>. </p><p>IBM bought <a href="/wiki/Metaphor_Computer_Systems" title="Metaphor Computer Systems">Metaphor Computer Systems</a> to utilize their GUI interface and encapsulating SQL platform that had already been in use since the mid-80s. </p><p>In parallel with the development of SQL, IBM also developed <a href="/wiki/Query_by_Example" title="Query by Example">Query by Example</a> (QBE), the first graphical query language. </p><p>IBM's first commercial relational-database product, <a href="/wiki/IBM_SQL/DS" title="IBM SQL/DS">SQL/DS</a>, was released for the <a href="/wiki/DOS/VSE" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/VSE">DOS/VSE</a> and <a href="/wiki/VM_(operating_system)" title="VM (operating system)">VM/CMS</a> operating systems in 1981. In 1976, IBM released Query by Example for the VM platform where the table-oriented front-end produced a linear-syntax language that drove transactions to its relational database.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the QMF feature of DB2 produced real SQL, and brought the same "QBE" look and feel to DB2. The inspiration for the mainframe version of DB2's architecture came in part from IBM <a href="/wiki/Information_Management_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Management System">IMS</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierarchical database">hierarchical database</a>, and its dedicated database-manipulation language, IBM <a href="/wiki/Data_Language_Interface" title="Data Language Interface">DL/I</a>. </p><p>The name DB2 (IBM Database 2), was first given to the Database Management System or <a href="/wiki/DBMS" class="mw-redirect" title="DBMS">DBMS</a> in 1983 when IBM released DB2 on its <a href="/wiki/MVS" title="MVS">MVS</a> mainframe platform.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For some years DB2, as a full-function DBMS, was exclusively available on <a href="/wiki/IBM_mainframe" title="IBM mainframe">IBM mainframes</a>. Later, IBM brought DB2 to other platforms, including <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">UNIX</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">MS Windows</a> servers, and then <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Linux_on_IBM_Z" title="Linux on IBM Z">Linux on IBM Z</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDAs</a>. This process occurred through the 1990s. An implementation of DB2 is also available for <a href="/wiki/Z/VSE" class="mw-redirect" title="Z/VSE">z/VSE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z/VM" title="Z/VM">z/VM</a>. An earlier version of the code that would become DB2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows) was part of an Extended Edition component of <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> called Database Manager. </p><p>IBM extended the functionality of Database Manager a number of times, including the addition of distributed database functionality by means of <a href="/wiki/DRDA" title="DRDA">Distributed Relational Database Architecture</a> (DRDA) that allowed shared access to a database in a remote location on a <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a>. (Note that DRDA is based on objects and protocols defined by <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Data_Management_Architecture" title="Distributed Data Management Architecture">Distributed Data Management Architecture</a> (DDM).) </p><p>Eventually, IBM decided to rewrite the software completely. The new version of Database Manager were called DB2/2 and DB2/6000 respectively. Other versions of DB2, with different code bases, followed the same '/' naming convention and became DB2/400 (for the AS/400), DB2/VSE (for the DOS/VSE environment), and DB2/VM (for the VM operating system). IBM lawyers stopped this handy naming convention from being used and decided that all products needed to be called "product FOR platform" (for example, DB2 for OS/390). The next iteration of the mainframe and the server-based products was named DB2 Universal Database (or DB2 UDB). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Db2_for_LUW">Db2 for LUW</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Db2 for LUW"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1990s, IBM released a clustered DB2 implementation called DB2 Parallel Edition, which initially ran on AIX. This edition allowed scalability by providing a <a href="/wiki/Shared-nothing_architecture" title="Shared-nothing architecture">shared-nothing architecture</a>, in which a single large database is partitioned across multiple DB2 servers that communicate over a high-speed interconnect. This DB2 edition was eventually ported to all Linux, UNIX, and Windows (LUW) platforms, and was renamed to DB2 Extended Enterprise Edition (EEE). IBM now refers to this product as the Database Partitioning Feature (DPF) and bundles it with their flagship DB2 Enterprise product. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Informix_Corporation" title="Informix Corporation">Informix Corporation</a> acquired <a href="/wiki/Illustra" title="Illustra">Illustra</a> and made their database engine an <a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_database" title="Object–relational database">object-SQL DBMS</a> by introducing their Universal Server, both <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a> and IBM followed suit by changing their database engines to be capable of object–relational extensions. In 2001, IBM bought <a href="/wiki/Informix_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Informix Software">Informix Software</a>, and in the following years incorporated Informix technology into the DB2 product suite. DB2 can technically be considered to be an <a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_database" title="Object–relational database">object–SQL DBMS</a>. </p><p>In mid-2006, IBM announced "Viper", the codename for DB2 9 on both <a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed platforms</a> and z/OS. DB2 9 for <a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a> was announced in early 2007. IBM claimed that the new DB2 was the first relational database to store <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> "natively". Other enhancements include <a href="/wiki/OLTP" class="mw-redirect" title="OLTP">OLTP</a>-related improvements for distributed platforms, <a href="/wiki/Business_intelligence" title="Business intelligence">business intelligence</a>/<a href="/wiki/Data_warehousing" class="mw-redirect" title="Data warehousing">data warehousing</a>-related improvements for z/OS, more self-tuning and self-managing features, additional 64-bit exploitation (especially for virtual storage on z/OS), <a href="/wiki/Stored_procedure" title="Stored procedure">stored procedure</a> performance enhancements for z/OS, and continued convergence of the SQL vocabularies between z/OS and distributed platforms. </p><p>In October 2007, IBM announced "Viper 2", the codename for DB2 9.5 on the <a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed platforms</a>. There were three <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/software/data/db2/9/labchats.html#14">key themes for the release</a>, Simplified Management, Business Critical Reliability, and Agile XML development. </p><p>In June 2009, IBM announced "Cobra", the codename for DB2 9.7 for LUW.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DB2 9.7 added data compression for database indexes, temporary tables, and large objects. DB2 9.7 also supported native XML data in hash partitioning (database partitioning), range partitioning (table partitioning), and multi-dimensional clustering. These native XML features allow users to directly work with XML in data warehouse environments. DB2 9.7 also added several features that make it easier for Oracle Database users to work with DB2. These include support for the most commonly used SQL syntax, <a href="/wiki/PL/SQL" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a> syntax, scripting syntax, and data types from Oracle Database. DB2 9.7 also enhanced its concurrency model to exhibit behavior that is familiar to users of Oracle Database and Microsoft SQL Server. </p><p>In October 2009, IBM introduced its second major release of the year when it announced <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/products/db2/purescale/">DB2 pureScale</a>. DB2 pureScale is a cluster database for non-mainframe platforms, suitable for <a href="/wiki/Online_transaction_processing" title="Online transaction processing">online transaction processing</a> (OLTP) workloads. IBM based the design of DB2 pureScale on the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Parallel_Sysplex" title="IBM Parallel Sysplex">Parallel Sysplex</a> implementation of DB2 data sharing on the mainframe. DB2 pureScale provides a fault-tolerant architecture and shared-disk storage. A DB2 pureScale system can grow to 128 database servers, and provides continuous availability and automatic load balancing. </p><p>In 2009, it was announced that DB2 can be an engine in <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>. This allows users on the IBM i platform and users on other platforms to access these files through the MySQL interface. On IBM i and its predecessor OS/400, DB2 is tightly integrated into the operating system, and comes as part of the operating system. It provides journaling, triggers and other features. </p><p>In early 2012, IBM announced the next version of DB2, DB2 10.1 (code name Galileo) for Linux, UNIX, and Windows. DB2 10.1 contained a number of new data management capabilities including row and column access control which enables 'fine-grained' control of the database and multi-temperature data management that moves data to cost effective storage based on how "hot" or "cold" (how frequently the data is accessed) the data is. IBM also introduced "adaptive compression" capability in DB2 10.1, a new approach to compressing data tables. </p><p>In June 2013, IBM released DB2 10.5 (code name "Kepler"). </p><p>On 12 April 2016, IBM announced DB2 LUW 11.1, and in June 2016, it was released. </p><p>In mid-2017, IBM re-branded its DB2 and dashDB product offerings and amended their names to "Db2". </p><p>On June 27, 2019, IBM released Db2 11.5, the AI Database. It added AI functionality to improve query performance as well as capabilities to facilitate AI application development.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Db2_for_z/OS_-_evolution"><span id="Db2_for_z.2FOS_-_evolution"></span>Db2 for z/OS - evolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Db2 for z/OS - evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1995, GA (general availability) of V4. It introduced "data sharing": several DB2 engines access the same data. Advantages: performance and availability (if one DB2 engine fails or is migrated to the next version). </p><p>In 1997, GA of V5. It added, e.g., online reorganization of tablespaces. </p><p>In 1999, GA of V6. It added object-relational support. "Objects" here mean data items longer than 32K (up to then the maximal length of a table row, more precisely a table record), such as images, videos, or text. DB2 could now store and handle such objects. Furthermore, it added trigger support. </p><p>In 2001, GA of V7. It added, e.g., dynamic allocation of data sets (~files on z/OS), and the ability to let utilities run on lists of tablespaces. Furthermore, real-time statistics, scrollable cursors, and initial Unicode support. </p><p>In 2004, GA of V8. It added, e.g., 64-bit support. New index types (notably DPSI), recursive SQL. Internal catalog is converted to Unicode. </p><p>In 2007, GA of V9. It added, e.g., Trusted Context (a security feature), and "native XML" support. </p><p>In 2010, GA of V10. It added, e.g., Temporal Tables (e.g., row history), security features like separation of system and security administrators, and RCAC (row column access control). </p><p>In 2013, GA of V11. It added, e.g., JSON support. </p><p>In 2016, GA of V12. It added, e.g., RESTful services; and usage of AI to optimize the selection of the access path to the data, thus enhancing performance. </p><p>On May 31, 2022, IBM released Db2 13 for z/OS.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Db2_Warehouse">Db2 Warehouse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Db2 Warehouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Data warehousing" was first mentioned in a 1988 IBM Systems Journal article entitled, "An Architecture for Business Information Systems."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This article illustrated the first use-case for data warehousing in a business setting as well as the results of its application. </p><p>Traditional transaction processing databases were not able to provide the insight business leaders needed to make data-informed decisions. A new approach was needed to aggregate and analyze data from multiple transactional sources to deliver new insights, uncover patterns, and find hidden relationships among the data. Db2 Warehouse, with its capabilities to normalize data from multiple sources, performs sophisticated analytic and statistical modeling, provides businesses these features at speed and scale. </p><p>Increases in computational power resulted in an explosion of data inside businesses generally and data warehouses specifically. Warehouses grew from being measured in GBs to TBs and PBs. As both the volume and variety of data grew, Db2 Warehouse adapted as well. Initially purposed for star and snowflake schemas, Db2 Warehouse now includes support for the following data types and analytical models, among others: </p> <ul><li>Relational data</li> <li>Non-Relational data</li> <li>XML data</li> <li>Geospatial data<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>RStudio<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Apache Spark<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Embedded Spark Analytics engine</li> <li>Multi-Parallel Processing</li> <li>In-memory analytical processing</li> <li>Predictive Modeling algorithms</li></ul> <p>Db2 Warehouse uses Docker containers to run in multiple environments: on-premise, private cloud and a variety of public clouds, both managed and unmanaged. Db2 Warehouse can be deployed as software only, as an appliance and in Intel x86, Linux and mainframe platforms. Built upon IBM's Common SQL engine, Db2 Warehouse queries data from multiple sources—Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Teradata, open source, Netezza and others. Users write a query once and data returns from multiple sources quickly and efficiently. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Db2_on_Cloud/Db2_Hosted"><span id="Db2_on_Cloud.2FDb2_Hosted"></span>Db2 on Cloud/Db2 Hosted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Db2 on Cloud/Db2 Hosted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Db2 on Cloud: Formerly named "dashDB for Transactions", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/cloud/db2-on-cloud">Db2 on Cloud</a> is a fully managed, cloud SQL database with a high-availability option featuring a 99.99 percent <a href="/wiki/Uptime" title="Uptime">uptime SLA</a>. Db2 on Cloud offers independent scaling of storage and compute, and rolling security updates. </p><p>Db2 on Cloud is deployable on both <a href="/wiki/IBM_cloud_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM cloud computing">IBM Cloud</a> and Amazon Web Services (AWS). </p><p>Key features include: </p> <ul><li>Elasticity: Db2 on Cloud offers independent scaling of storage and compute through the user interface and API, so businesses can burst on compute during peak demand and scale down when demand falls. Storage is also scalable, so organizations can scale up as their storage needs grow.</li> <li>Backups and Recovery: Db2 on Cloud provides several disaster recovery options: (1) Fourteen days' worth of back-ups, (2) point in time restore options, (3) 1-click failover to the DR node at an offsite data center of user's choice.</li> <li>Encryption: Db2 on Cloud complies with data protection laws and includes at-rest database encryption and SSL connections. The Db2 on Cloud high availability plans offer rolling security updates and all database instances include daily backups. Security patching and maintenance is managed by the database administrator.</li> <li>High availability options: Db2 on Cloud provides a 99.99% uptime service level agreement on the high availability option. Highly available option allows for updates and scaling operations without downtime to applications running on Db2 on Cloud, using Db2's HADR technology.</li> <li>Data federation: A single query displays a view of all data by accessing data distributed across Db2 on-premises or Db2 Warehouse on-premises or in the cloud.</li> <li>Private networking: Db2 on Cloud can be deployed on an isolated network that is accessible through a secure <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">Virtual Private Network (VPN)</a>.</li></ul> <p>Db2 Hosted: Formally named "DB2 on Cloud", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/cloud/db2-hosted">Db2 Hosted</a> is an unmanaged, hosted version of Db2 on Cloud's transactional, SQL cloud database. </p><p>Key features: </p> <ul><li>Server control: Db2 Hosted provides custom software for direct server installation. This reduces application latency and integrates with a business's current data management setup. Db2 Hosted offers exact server configuration based on the needs of the business.</li> <li>Encryption: Db2 Hosted supports SSL connections.</li> <li>Elasticity: Db2 Hosted allows for independent scaling of compute and storage to meet changing business needs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Db2_Warehouse_on_Cloud">Db2 Warehouse on Cloud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Db2 Warehouse on Cloud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formerly named "dashDB for Analytics", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/cloud/db2-warehouse-on-cloud">Db2 Warehouse on Cloud</a> is a fully managed, elastic, cloud data warehouse built for high-performance analytics and <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> workloads. </p><p>Key features include: </p> <ul><li>Autonomous cloud service: Db2 Warehouse on Cloud runs on an autonomous platform-as-a-service, and is powered by Db2's autonomous self-tuning engine. Day-to-day operations, including database monitoring, uptime checks and failovers, are fully automated. Operations are supplemented by a DevOps team that are on-call to handle unexpected system failures.</li> <li>Optimized for analytics: Db2 Warehouse on Cloud delivers high performance on complex analytics workloads by utilizing <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_BLU_Acceleration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM BLU Acceleration (page does not exist)">IBM BLU Acceleration</a>, a collection of technologies pioneered by <a href="/wiki/IBM_Research" title="IBM Research">IBM Research</a> that features four key optimizations: (1) a columnar organized storage model, (2) in-memory processing, (3) querying of compressed data sets, and (4) data skipping.</li> <li>Manage highly concurrent workloads: Db2 Warehouse on Cloud includes an Adaptive Workload Management technology that automatically manages resources between concurrent workloads, given user-defined resource targets. This technology ensures stable and reliable performance when tackling highly concurrent workloads.</li> <li>Built-in machine learning and geospatial capabilities: Db2 Warehouse on Cloud comes with in-database machine learning capabilities that allow users to train and run machine learning models on Db2 Warehouse data without the need for data movement. Examples of algorithms include <a href="/wiki/Association_rule_learning" title="Association rule learning">Association Rules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_variance" title="Analysis of variance">ANOVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/K-means_clustering" title="K-means clustering">k-means</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regression_analysis" title="Regression analysis">Regression</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier" title="Naive Bayes classifier">Naïve Bayes</a>. Db2 Warehouse on Cloud also supports spatial analytics with Esri compatibility, supporting Esri data types such as GML, and supports native Python drivers and native Db2 Python integration into Jupyter Notebooks.</li> <li>Elasticity: Db2 Warehouse on Cloud offers independent scaling of storage and compute, so organizations can customize their data warehouses to meet the needs of their businesses. For example, customers can burst on compute during peak demand, and scale down when demand falls. Users can also expand storage capacity as their data volumes grow. Customers can scale their data warehouse through the Db2 Warehouse on Cloud web console or API.</li> <li>Data security: Data is encrypted at-rest and in-motion by default. Administrators can also restrict access to sensitive data through data masking, row permissions, and role-based security, and can utilize database audit utilities to maintain audit trails for their data warehouse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyglot_persistence" title="Polyglot persistence">Polyglot persistence</a>: Db2 Warehouse on Cloud is optimized for polyglot persistence of data, and supports relational (columnar and row-oriented tables), geospatial, and <a href="/wiki/NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> document (<a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a>) models. All data is subject to advanced data compression.</li> <li>Deployable on multiple cloud providers: Db2 Warehouse on Cloud is currently deployable on <a href="/wiki/IBM_cloud_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM cloud computing">IBM Cloud</a> and Amazon Web Services (AWS).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Db2_BigSQL">Db2 BigSQL</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Db2 BigSQL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, the IBM SQL product was renamed and is now known as IBM Db2 Big SQL (Big SQL). Big SQL is an enterprise-grade, hybrid ANSI-compliant SQL on the <a href="/wiki/Hadoop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadoop">Hadoop</a> engine delivering massively parallel processing (MPP) and advanced data query. Additional benefits include low latency, high performance, security, SQL compatibility and federation capabilities. </p><p>Big SQL offers a single database connection or query for disparate sources such as HDFS, RDMS, NoSQL databases, object stores and WebHDFS. Exploit Hive, Or to exploit Hbase and Spark and whether on the cloud, on premises or both, access data across Hadoop and relational data bases. </p><p>Users (data scientists and analysts) can run smarter ad hoc and complex queries supporting more concurrent users with less hardware compared to other SQL options for Hadoop.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Big SQL provides an ANSI-compliant SQL parser to run queries from unstructured streaming data using new APIs. </p><p>Through the integration with the IBM Common SQL Engine, Big SQL was designed to work with all the Db2 family of offerings, as well as with the IBM Integrated Analytics System. Big SQL is a part of the IBM Hybrid Data Management Platform, a comprehensive IBM strategy for flexibility and portability, strong data integration and flexible licensing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Db2_Event_Store">Db2 Event Store</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Db2 Event Store"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Db2 Event Store targets the needs of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a> (IOT), industrial, telecommunications, financial services, online retail and other industries needing to perform real-time analytics on streamed high volume, high velocity data. It became publicly available in June 2017. It can store and analyze 250 billion events in a day with just 3 server nodes with its high speed data capture and analytics capabilities. The need to support AI and machine learning was envisioned from the start by including IBM Watson Studio into the product, and integrating Jupyter notebooks for collaborative app and model development. Typically combined with streaming tools, it provides persistent data by writing the data out to object storage in an open data format (Apache Parquet). Built on Spark, Db2 Event Store is compatible with Spark Machine Learning, Spark SQL, other open technologies, as well as the Db2 family Common SQL Engine and all languages supported – including Python, GO, JDBC, ODBC, and more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Db2_for_IBM_i">Db2 for IBM i</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Db2 for IBM i"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IBM_i#Database_management" title="IBM i">IBM i § Database management</a></div> <p>In 1994, IBM renamed the integrated relational database of the <a href="/wiki/OS/400" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/400">OS/400</a> to <i>DB2/400</i> to indicate comparable functionality to DB2 on other platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-inside-as400_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inside-as400-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this name, it is not based on Db2 code, but instead it evolved from the <a href="/wiki/IBM_System/38" title="IBM System/38">IBM System/38</a> integrated database. The product is currently named <i>IBM Db2 for i</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Platforms">Other Platforms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other Platforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows (informally known as Db2 LUW)</li> <li>Db2 for <a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a> (mainframe)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Db2 for <a href="/wiki/VSE_(operating_system)" title="VSE (operating system)">VSE</a> & <a href="/wiki/Z/VM" title="Z/VM">VM</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Db2 on <a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a><sup id="cite_ref-DBaaS_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBaaS-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Db2 on <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> (AWS)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Db2 for z/OS is available in its traditional product packaging,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in the Value Unit Edition. </p><p>Db2 also powers <a href="/wiki/IBM_InfoSphere_DataStage" title="IBM InfoSphere DataStage">IBM InfoSphere</a> Warehouse, which offers data warehouse capabilities. InfoSphere Warehouse is available for z/OS. It includes several <a href="/wiki/Business_informatics" title="Business informatics">BI</a> features such as <a href="/wiki/Extract,_transform,_load" title="Extract, transform, load">ETL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_mining" title="Data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_analytical_processing" title="Online analytical processing">OLAP</a> acceleration, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=In-line_analytics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In-line analytics (page does not exist)">in-line analytics</a>. </p><p>Db2 11.5 for Linux, UNIX and Windows, contains all of the functionality and tools offered in the prior generation of DB2 and InfoSphere Warehouse on Linux, UNIX and Windows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IBM offers four editions of Db2: Community Edition, Starter Edition, Standard Edition, and Advanced Server Edition.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBM_Db2_Community_Edition">IBM Db2 Community Edition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: IBM Db2 Community Edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>IBM Db2 Community Edition</b> is a free-to-download, free-to-use edition of the IBM Db2 database, which has both <a href="/wiki/XML_database" title="XML database">XML database</a> and <a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">relational database management system</a> features. Version 11.5 provides all core capabilities of Db2 but is limited to 4 virtual processor cores, 16 GB of instance memory, has no enterprise-level support, and no fix packs.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Version 12.1, however, sets a limit of 4 cores and 8 GB of memory per server, and imposes further restrictions, including a prohibition on the use in production environments, lack of federation capability, lack of database partitioning, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there is no limit on the database size since version 11.5.1, some previous releases imposed a limit of 100 GB. The database engine does not limit the number of concurrent user connections. A prior free Db2 version, the IBM DB2 Express-C, supported up to 16 GB RAM and two CPU cores.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Db2_Starter_Edition">Db2 Starter Edition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Db2 Starter Edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Starter edition was introduced with Db2 version 12.1. It is a paid product, and has several limitations, including a limitation to 4 cores and 16 GB of memory, and restrictions on advanced functionality such as native encryption, audit logging, federation, Db2 pureScale, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBM_Db2_Standard_Edition">IBM Db2 Standard Edition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: IBM Db2 Standard Edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Db2 Standard Edition is available as a perpetual software license for production and non-production use for up to 16 processor cores and 128 GB RAM with IBM support. For production use, Db2 Standard Edition can be licensed based on a Virtual Processor Core metric, wherein it is licensed by the total count of processor cores in a non-partitioned physical server, or virtual cores assigned to a virtual server. For non-production use, Db2 Standard Edition can be licensed based on the total count of authorized users. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBM_Db2_Advanced_Edition">IBM Db2 Advanced Edition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: IBM Db2 Advanced Edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Db2 Advanced Edition is available only as a component of the IBM Hybrid Data Management Platform (HDMP). Within HDMP, Db2 is available both as a perpetual software license AND a monthly subscription for unrestricted production and non-production use with premium IBM support. For both HDMP perpetual license and subscription offerings, FlexPoints need to be bought. FlexPoints are generic licensing credits that can be used to deploy any Db2-family software product or cloud service offering. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code_names">Code names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Code names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IBM has developed many Db2 versions under a code name, and documentation can be related to that name </p><p><b>Db2</b> </p> <ul><li>Xperanto</li> <li>Stinger - 8.1, 8.2</li> <li>Viper - 9.1.</li> <li>Viper 2 - 9.5</li> <li>Cobra - 9.7</li> <li>Galileo - 10.1</li> <li>Kepler - 10.5</li> <li>Cancun - 10.5.4</li> <li>Nebula - 11.5.4</li> <li>Andromeda - 12?</li></ul> <p><b>Db2 for z/OS</b> </p> <ul><li>Eagle</li> <li>Sequoia - 11.1</li> <li>Cypress - 12</li> <li>Apollo - 13</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_information">Technical information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Technical information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Db2 can be administered from either the command-line or a GUI. Db2 supports both SQL and <a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a>. DB2 has a native implementation of XML data storage, where XML data is stored as XML (not as relational data or CLOB data) for faster access using XQuery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Db2 has APIs for <a href="/wiki/Rexx" title="Rexx">Rexx</a>, <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a>, <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_RPG" title="IBM RPG">RPG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphi_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphi (programming language)">Delphi</a>, <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a> <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">CLI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, and many other programming languages. Db2 also supports integration into the <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eclipse (computing)">Eclipse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a> <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">integrated development environments</a>. </p><p>pureQuery is <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s data access <a href="/wiki/Platform_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform (computing)">platform</a> focused on applications that access data.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> pureQuery supports both <a href="/wiki/Java_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Java platform">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a>. pureQuery provides access to data in <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a> and in-memory Java <a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">objects</a> via its <a href="/wiki/Programming_tool" title="Programming tool">tools</a>, <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">APIs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Run-time_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Run-time system">runtime</a> environment as delivered in IBM Data Studio Developer and IBM Data Studio pureQuery Runtime.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems" title="Comparison of relational database management systems">Comparison of relational database management systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_database_administration_tools" title="Comparison of database administration tools">Comparison of database administration tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_relational_database_management_systems" title="List of relational database management systems">List of relational database management systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_column-oriented_DBMSes" title="List of column-oriented DBMSes">List of column-oriented DBMSes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Language_Interface" title="Data Language Interface">Data Language Interface</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Db2&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/6/877/ENUSZP83-0746/index.html&lang=en&request_locale=en">"IBM Database 2 (DB2) Release 1 Is Announced"</a>. <i>IBM Offering Information</i>. 7 June 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413143250/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/6/877/ENUSZP83-0746/index.html&lang=en&request_locale=en">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Morgan Kaufmann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1558604820" title="Special:BookSources/1558604820"><bdi>1558604820</bdi></a>. <q>DB2 for MVS (later OS/390) in 1983</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+DB2+Universal+Database&rft.pub=Morgan+Kaufmann&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1558604820&rft.au=Don+Chamberlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D1558604820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+Db2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090818/http://ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/administrator/db2/the-evolution-of-db2-for-z-os-optimization/">"The Evolution of DB2 for z/OS Optimization"</a>. <i>IBM Systems magazine</i>. 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"DB2" was used to indicate a shift from hierarchical databases, like the Information Management System (IMS) popular at the time, to the new relational databases.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+DB2+UDB&rft.date=2005-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informit.com%2Farticles%2Farticle.aspx%3Fp%3D375536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+Db2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIBM_Corporation2012" class="citation web cs1">IBM Corporation (2012-04-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425223145/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/DB2/Chat+with+the+Lab">"Technical Tour of DB2 10 and InfoSphere Warehouse 10"</a>. <i>ibm.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InformationWeek&rft.atitle=IBM+Db2+Joins+the+AI+Age&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fbig-data%2Fai-machine-learning%2Fibm-db2-joins-the-ai-age%2Fd%2Fd-id%2F1334868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+Db2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datanami.com/2019/06/03/how-ibm-is-turning-db2-into-an-ai-database/">"How IBM Is Turning Db2 into an 'AI Database'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Datanami</i>. 2019-06-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616194545/https://www.datanami.com/2019/06/03/how-ibm-is-turning-db2-into-an-ai-database/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-06-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Db2+for+i&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fi%2F7.4%3Ftopic%3Doverview-db2-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+Db2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPEK/db2z_prodhome.html">"Db2 for z/OS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503200439/https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPEK/db2z_prodhome.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-24</span></span>. <q>Db2 for z/OS is a relational database that you can use to maintain large volumes of data with a high level of availability, security, and performance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Db2+for+z%2FOS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2FSSEPEK%2Fdb2z_prodhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+Db2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?infotype=AN%26subtype=CA%26htmlfid=897/ENUS217-203%26appname=USN">"IBM z/VSE V6.2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>. 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systems">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">Relational</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_relational_database_management_systems" title="List of relational database management systems">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems" title="Comparison of relational database management systems">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key%E2%80%93value_database" title="Key–value database">Key–value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column-oriented_DBMS" class="mw-redirect" title="Column-oriented DBMS">Column-oriented</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_column-oriented_DBMSes" title="List of column-oriented DBMSes">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document-oriented_database" title="Document-oriented database">Document-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-column_store" title="Wide-column store">Wide-column store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_database" title="Graph database">Graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewSQL" title="NewSQL">NewSQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-memory_database" title="In-memory database">In-memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_in-memory_databases" title="List of in-memory databases">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-model_database" title="Multi-model database">Multi-model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_multi-model_databases" title="Comparison of multi-model databases">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_database" title="Cloud database">Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockchain-based_database" title="Blockchain-based database">Blockchain-based database</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACID" title="ACID">ACID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong%27s_axioms" title="Armstrong's axioms">Armstrong's axioms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codd%27s_12_rules" title="Codd's 12 rules">Codd's 12 rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAP_theorem" title="CAP theorem">CAP theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Create,_read,_update_and_delete" title="Create, read, update and delete">CRUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null_(SQL)" title="Null (SQL)">Null</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_key" title="Candidate key">Candidate key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_key" title="Foreign key">Foreign key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PACELC_design_principle" title="PACELC design principle">PACELC design principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superkey" title="Superkey">Superkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_key" title="Surrogate key">Surrogate key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unique_key" title="Unique key">Unique key</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relation_(database)" title="Relation (database)">Relation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_(database)" title="Table (database)">table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(database)" title="Column (database)">column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_(database)" title="Row (database)">row</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_(SQL)" title="View (SQL)">View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_transaction" title="Database transaction">Transaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transaction_log" title="Transaction log">Transaction log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_trigger" title="Database trigger">Trigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_index" title="Database index">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stored_procedure" title="Stored procedure">Stored procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursor_(databases)" title="Cursor (databases)">Cursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_(database)" title="Partition (database)">Partition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concurrency_control" title="Concurrency control">Concurrency control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_dictionary" title="Data dictionary">Data dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity" title="Java Database Connectivity">JDBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery_API_for_Java" title="XQuery API for Java">XQJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Database_Connectivity" title="Open Database Connectivity">ODBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Query_language" title="Query language">Query language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Query_optimization" title="Query optimization">Query optimizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Query_Rewriting" class="mw-redirect" title="Query Rewriting">Query rewriting system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Query_plan" title="Query plan">Query plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Database_administration" title="Database administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Query_optimization" title="Query optimization">Query optimization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replication_(computing)#DATABASE" title="Replication (computing)">Replication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shard_(database_architecture)" title="Shard (database architecture)">Sharding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Database_model" title="Database model">Database models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_normalization" title="Database normalization">Database normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_storage_structures" title="Database storage structures">Database storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_database" title="Distributed database">Distributed database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_database_system" title="Federated database system">Federated database system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referential_integrity" title="Referential integrity">Referential integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_algebra" title="Relational algebra">Relational algebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_calculus" title="Relational calculus">Relational calculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_model" title="Relational model">Relational model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_database" title="Object–relational database">Object–relational database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transaction_processing" title="Transaction processing">Transaction processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Database_management_systems" title="Category:Database management systems">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_databases" title="Outline of databases">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IBM_Db2_product_family332" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_Db2_product_family" title="Template:IBM Db2 product family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IBM_Db2_product_family" title="Template talk:IBM Db2 product family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IBM_Db2_product_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IBM Db2 product family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IBM_Db2_product_family332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:IBM_software" title="Category:IBM software">IBM Db2 product family</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Information_Management_Software" title="IBM Information Management Software">Information Management</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IBM Db2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_i#Database_management" title="IBM i">Db2 for i</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows</a> (LUW)</li> <li>DB2 for <a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Editions">Editions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Express/Express-C</li> <li>Workgroup Server</li> <li>Enterprise Server</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>DB2 Alphablox</li> <li>DB2 Connect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_database#IBM_DB2_Everyplace_.28DB2e.29" title="Mobile database">DB2 Everyplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_InfoSphere" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM InfoSphere">InfoSphere Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PureQuery" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PureQuery">PureQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_OMEGAMON" title="IBM OMEGAMON">IBM OMEGAMON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Query_Management_Facility" title="IBM Query Management Facility">IBM Query Management Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Information_Management_System" title="IBM Information Management System">IBM Information Management System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Data Studio</li> <li>Data Studio Administrator</li> <li>Data Studio Developer</li> <li>InfoSphere Data Architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toad_(software)" title="Toad (software)">Toad (software)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%2B_tree" title="B+ tree">B+ tree</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_BLU_Acceleration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM BLU Acceleration (page does not exist)">Blu Acceleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_trigger" title="Database trigger">Trigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DRDA" title="DRDA">DRDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_and_recursive_queries_in_SQL" title="Hierarchical and recursive queries in SQL">Hierarchical and recursive queries in SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialized_view" title="Materialized view">Materialized view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_database" title="Object–relational database">Object–relational database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PL/SQL" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureXML" title="PureXML">pureXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiesce" title="Quiesce">Quiesce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_database" title="Spatial database">Spatial database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_reference_system" title="Spatial reference system">Spatial reference system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_PL" title="SQL PL">SQL PL</a> (<a href="/wiki/SQL/PSM" title="SQL/PSM">SQL/PSM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL/XML" title="SQL/XML">SQL/XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparent_data_encryption" title="Transparent data encryption">Transparent data encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-defined_function" title="User-defined function">User-defined function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_(SQL)" title="View (SQL)">View (SQL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_database" title="XML database">XML database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ChannelDB2</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IBM_Data_Magazine" title="IBM Data Magazine">IBM Data Magazine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other IBM database products</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apache_Derby" title="Apache Derby">Cloudscape</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/IBM_Information_Management_System" title="IBM Information Management System">IMS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Informix" title="Informix">Informix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/IBM_U2" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM U2">U2</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IBM941" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM" title="Template:IBM"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IBM" title="Template talk:IBM"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IBM" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IBM"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IBM941" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM" title="History of IBM">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM" title="History of IBM">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_IBM" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM">Mergers and acquisitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_the_IBM_PC_business_by_Lenovo" title="Acquisition of the IBM PC business by Lenovo">PC business acquisition by Lenovo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IBM_products" title="List of IBM products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_mainframe" title="IBM mainframe">Mainframe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Z" title="IBM Z">IBM Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_microprocessors" title="IBM Power microprocessors">Power microprocessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_Systems" title="IBM Power Systems">Power Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_storage" title="IBM storage">Storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_FlashSystem" title="IBM FlashSystem">FlashSystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_DS8000_series" title="IBM DS8000 series">DS8000</a></li></ul></li> <li>Quantum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Q_System_One" title="IBM Q System One">Q System One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Q_System_Two" title="IBM Q System Two">Q System Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Eagle" title="IBM Eagle">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Osprey" title="IBM Osprey">Osprey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Heron" title="IBM Heron">Heron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Condor" title="IBM Condor">Condor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Blue_Gene" title="IBM Blue Gene">Blue Gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(processor)" title="Cell (processor)">Cell microprocessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrange_computer" title="Midrange computer">Midrange computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">Personal Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Selectric" title="IBM Selectric">Selectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThinkPad" title="ThinkPad">ThinkPad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Design_System" title="Carbon Design System">Carbon Design System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloudant" title="Cloudant">Cloudant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cognos_Analytics" title="IBM Cognos Analytics">Cognos Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Connections" title="HCL Connections">Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Reduction_Utilising_Statistical_History" title="Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History">Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILOG" title="ILOG">ILOG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Information_Management_Software" title="IBM Information Management Software">Information Management Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Software" title="Lotus Software">Lotus Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM_mainframe_operating_systems" title="History of IBM mainframe operating systems">Mainframe operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Mashup_Center" title="IBM Mashup Center">Mashup Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Planning_Analytics" title="IBM Planning Analytics">Planning Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PureQuery" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PureQuery">PureQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Quantum_Platform" title="IBM Quantum Platform">Quantum Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qiskit" title="Qiskit">Qiskit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenQASM" title="OpenQASM">OpenQASM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Software" title="Rational Software">Rational Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPSS" title="SPSS">SPSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivoli_Software" title="Tivoli Software">Tivoli Software</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tivoli_Service_Automation_Manager" title="Tivoli Service Automation Manager">Service Automation Manager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Watson" title="IBM Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Watsonx" title="IBM Watsonx">Watsonx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Granite" title="IBM Granite">Granite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebSphere" title="IBM WebSphere">WebSphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apptio" title="Apptio">Apptio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Center_for_The_Business_of_Government" title="IBM Center for The Business of Government">Center for The Business of Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Consulting" title="IBM Consulting">Consulting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promontory_Financial_Group" title="Promontory Financial Group">Promontory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenexa" title="Kenexa">Kenexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_subsidiaries_of_IBM" title="List of international subsidiaries of IBM">International subsidiaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_India" title="IBM India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Press" title="IBM Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Research" title="IBM Research">Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdStar" title="AdStar">AdStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambra_Computer_Corporation" title="Ambra Computer Corporation">Ambra Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognos" title="Cognos">Cognos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EduQuest" title="EduQuest">EduQuest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyndryl" title="Kyndryl">Kyndryl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merative" title="Merative">Merative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Microelectronics" title="IBM Microelectronics">Microelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Product_Center" title="IBM Product Center">Product Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Research_Associates" title="Science Research Associates">Science Research Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Bureau_Corporation" title="Service Bureau Corporation">Service Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Company" title="The Weather Company">The Weather Company</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground_(weather_service)" title="Weather Underground (weather service)">Weather Underground</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Towers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1250_Ren%C3%A9-L%C3%A9vesque" title="1250 René-Lévesque">1250 René-Lévesque</a>, Montreal, QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Atlantic_Center" title="One Atlantic Center">One Atlantic Center</a>, Atlanta, GA</li></ul></li> <li>Software Labs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Rome_Software_Lab" title="IBM Rome Software Lab">Rome Software Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Toronto_Software_Lab" title="IBM Toronto Software Lab">Toronto Software Lab</a></li></ul></li> <li>IBM Buildings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/330_North_Wabash" title="330 North Wabash">330 North Wabash</a>, Chicago, IL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Building,_Honolulu" title="IBM Building, Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1200_Fifth" title="1200 Fifth">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li>Facilities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Hakozaki_Facility" title="IBM Hakozaki Facility">Hakozaki Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Yamato_Facility" title="IBM Yamato Facility">Yamato Facility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Scientific_Center" title="Cambridge Scientific Center">Cambridge Scientific Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Hursley" title="IBM Hursley">IBM Hursley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Canada_Head_Office_Building" title="IBM Canada Head Office Building">Canada Head Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Rochester" title="IBM Rochester">IBM Rochester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Academy of Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Deep_Thunder" title="IBM Deep Thunder">Deep Thunder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Develothon" title="Develothon">Develothon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Fellow" title="IBM Fellow">Fellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM%27s_The_Great_Mind_Challenge" title="IBM's The Great Mind Challenge">The Great Mind Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Technology_Center" title="Linux Technology Center">Linux Technology Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_SkillsBuild" title="IBM SkillsBuild">SkillsBuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarter_Planet" title="Smarter Planet">Smarter Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Virtual_Universe_Community" title="IBM Virtual Universe Community">Virtual Universe Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Community_Grid" title="World Community Grid">World Community Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Think_conference" title="IBM Think conference">Think conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">Automated teller machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynefin_framework" title="Cynefin framework">Cynefin framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keypunch" title="Keypunch">Electronic keypunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Magnetic stripe card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_model" title="Relational model">Relational model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre_(travel_reservation_system)" title="Sabre (travel reservation system)">Sabre airline reservation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope" title="Scanning tunneling microscope">Scanning tunneling microscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swap_(finance)" title="Swap (finance)">Financial swaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">Universal Product Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Blue">Big Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Processing_Workload" title="Commercial Processing Workload">Commercial Processing Workload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer_engineer" title="Customer engineer">Customer engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globally_integrated_enterprise" title="Globally integrated enterprise">Globally integrated enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_business" title="Electronic business">e-business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_(slogan)" title="Think (slogan)">Think slogan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IBM_CEOs" title="List of IBM CEOs">CEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson" title="Thomas J. Watson">Thomas J. Watson</a> (1914–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Jr." title="Thomas J. Watson Jr.">Thomas Watson Jr.</a> (1956–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Vincent_Learson" title="T. Vincent Learson">T. Vincent Learson</a> (1971–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_T._Cary" title="Frank T. Cary">Frank T. Cary</a> (1973–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Opel" title="John R. Opel">John R. Opel</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fellows_Akers" title="John Fellows Akers">John Fellows Akers</a> (1985–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Gerstner" title="Lou Gerstner">Louis V. Gerstner Jr.</a> (1993–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Palmisano" title="Samuel J. Palmisano">Samuel J. Palmisano</a> (2002–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Rometty" title="Ginni Rometty">Ginni Rometty</a> (2012–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Krishna" title="Arvind Krishna">Arvind Krishna</a> (since 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br />directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buberl" title="Thomas Buberl">Thomas Buberl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farr_(businessman)" title="David Farr (businessman)">David Farr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Howard" title="Michelle Howard">Michelle J. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Krishna" title="Arvind Krishna">Arvind Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Liveris" title="Andrew Liveris">Andrew Liveris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_E._Pollack" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha E. Pollack">Martha E. Pollack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Swedish" title="Joseph R. Swedish">Joseph R. Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Voser" title="Peter Voser">Peter R. Voser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Boy_and_His_Atom" title="A Boy and His Atom">A Boy and His Atom</a></i></li> <li>Big Blue sports teams <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Big_Blue_(X-League)" title="IBM Big Blue (X-League)">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Big_Blue_(rugby_union)" title="IBM Big Blue (rugby union)">Rugby union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Public_License" title="Common Public License">Common Public License</a>/<a href="/wiki/IBM_Public_License" title="IBM Public License">IBM Public License</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wallace_v._International_Business_Machines_Corp." title="Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp.">Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp.</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Thought_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Thought (chess computer)">Deep Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_infrastructure" title="Dynamic infrastructure">Dynamic infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUIDE_International" title="GUIDE International">GUIDE International</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IBM_and_the_Holocaust" title="IBM and the Holocaust">IBM and the Holocaust</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_international_chess_tournament" title="IBM international chess tournament">International chess tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(cipher)" title="Lucifer (cipher)">Lucifer cipher</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mathematica:_A_World_of_Numbers..._and_Beyond" title="Mathematica: A World of Numbers... and Beyond">Mathematica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Plex" title="IBM Plex">IBM Plex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHARE_(computing)" title="SHARE (computing)">SHARE computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScicomP" title="ScicomP">ScicomP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_and_unions" title="IBM and unions">Unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:IBM" title="Category:IBM">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/IBM" class="extiw" title="commons:IBM">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:IBM_navigational_boxes" title="Category:IBM navigational boxes">Navigational boxes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_FOSS" title="Template:IBM FOSS">FOSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_midrange_computers" title="Template:IBM midrange computers">Midrange computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_operating_systems" title="Template:IBM operating systems">Operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_personal_computers" title="Template:IBM personal computers">Personal computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_System/360_line" title="Template:IBM System/360 line">System/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_System/370_line" title="Template:IBM System/370 line">System/370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_typewriters" title="Template:IBM typewriters">Typewriters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_vacuum_tube_computers" title="Template:IBM vacuum tube computers">Vacuum tube computers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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