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class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fisheries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisheries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Farming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summit_Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summit_Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Summit Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summit_Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Conservation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hinewai_Reserve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinewai_Reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hinewai Reserve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinewai_Reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine_Reserves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_Reserves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Marine Reserves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_Reserves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rod_Donald_Banks_Peninsula_Trust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rod_Donald_Banks_Peninsula_Trust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rod_Donald_Banks_Peninsula_Trust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banks_Peninsula_Conservation_Trust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banks_Peninsula_Conservation_Trust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banks_Peninsula_Conservation_Trust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Towns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Towns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Towns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Akaroa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akaroa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Akaroa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akaroa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Little_River" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Little_River"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Little River</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Little_River-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wainui" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wainui"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Wainui</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wainui-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duvauchelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duvauchelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Duvauchelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duvauchelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diamond_Harbour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diamond_Harbour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Diamond Harbour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diamond_Harbour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bays</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bays-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bays subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sumner_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumner_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Sumner Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumner_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taylors_Mistake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taylors_Mistake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Taylors Mistake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taylors_Mistake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraupō" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraupō"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraupō-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port_Levy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port_Levy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Port Levy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port_Levy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pigeon_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pigeon_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Pigeon Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pigeon_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Little_Akaloa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Little_Akaloa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Little Akaloa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Little_Akaloa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Okains_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Okains_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Okains Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Okains_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_Bons_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_Bons_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Le Bons Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_Bons_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hickory_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hickory_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.9</span> <span>Hickory Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hickory_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goughs_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goughs_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.10</span> <span>Goughs Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goughs_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ōtanerito_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ōtanerito_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.11</span> <span>Ōtanerito Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ōtanerito_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flea_Bay_/_Pōhatu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flea_Bay_/_Pōhatu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.12</span> <span>Flea Bay / Pōhatu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flea_Bay_/_Pōhatu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akaroa_Harbour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akaroa_Harbour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.13</span> <span>Akaroa Harbour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akaroa_Harbour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peraki_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peraki_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.14</span> <span>Peraki Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peraki_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tumbledown_Bay/Te_Kāio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tumbledown_Bay/Te_Kāio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.15</span> <span>Tumbledown Bay/Te Kāio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tumbledown_Bay/Te_Kāio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Te_Oka_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Te_Oka_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.16</span> <span>Te Oka Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Te_Oka_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnet_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnet_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.17</span> <span>Magnet Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnet_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Walking_tracks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walking_tracks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Walking tracks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Walking_tracks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Walking tracks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Walking_tracks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Banks_Track" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banks_Track"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Banks Track</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banks_Track-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Te_Ara_Pātaka_(Summit_walkway)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Te_Ara_Pātaka_(Summit_walkway)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Te Ara Pātaka (Summit walkway)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Te_Ara_Pātaka_(Summit_walkway)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_Race" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_Race"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Le Race</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_Race-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Banks Peninsula</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_de_Banks" title="Peninsula de Banks – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Peninsula de Banks" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Banks yarımadası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Banks yarımadası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_(lawis)" title="Banks (lawis) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Banks (lawis)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_Peninsula" title="Banks Peninsula – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Banks Peninsula" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Banks" title="Península de Banks – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Península de Banks" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duoninsulo_Banks" title="Duoninsulo Banks – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duoninsulo Banks" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_de_Banks" title="Péninsule de Banks – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Péninsule de Banks" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B1%85%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84" title="뱅크스반도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뱅크스반도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_(poluotok)" title="Banks (poluotok) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Banks (poluotok)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisola_di_Banks" title="Penisola di Banks – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Penisola di Banks" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankso_pusiasalis" title="Bankso pusiasalis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bankso pusiasalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks-schiereiland" title="Banks-schiereiland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Banks-schiereiland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="バンクス半島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンクス半島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankshalv%C3%B8ya" title="Bankshalvøya – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bankshalvøya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankshalv%C3%B8ya" title="Bankshalvøya – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bankshalvøya" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Banksa" title="Półwysep Banksa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Półwysep Banksa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Banks" title="Península de Banks – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Península de Banks" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Банкс (полуостров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Банкс (полуостров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_(poluotok)" title="Banks (poluotok) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Banks (poluotok)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksin_niemimaa" title="Banksin niemimaa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Banksin niemimaa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks_Yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Banks Yarımadası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Banks Yarımadası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Бенкс (півострів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенкс (півострів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="班克斯半島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="班克斯半島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q806836#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Banks_Peninsula&params=43.750_S_172.833_E_type:landmark_region:NZ_dim:50000_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°45′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">172°49′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.750°S 172.833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-43.750; 172.833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Peninsula south-east of Christchurch, New Zealand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the region in New Zealand. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Banks Peninsula (disambiguation)">Banks Peninsula (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Banks_Peninsula&params=43.750_S_172.833_E_type:landmark_region:NZ_dim:50000_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°45′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">172°49′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.750°S 172.833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-43.750; 172.833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a 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.pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:242px"><div style="position:relative;width:240px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_(location_map).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of New Zealand showing the location of Banks Peninsula"><img alt="Map of New Zealand showing the location of Banks Peninsula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/240px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/360px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/480px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1976" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.863%;left:52.5%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Banks Peninsula"><img alt="Map of New Zealand showing the location of Banks Peninsula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Banks Peninsula</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_(location_map).svg" title="File:New Zealand (location map).svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>The location of Banks Peninsula in the South Island</div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banks_Penin_%26_Christchurch_NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Banks_Penin_%26_Christchurch_NZ.jpg/350px-Banks_Penin_%26_Christchurch_NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Banks_Penin_%26_Christchurch_NZ.jpg/525px-Banks_Penin_%26_Christchurch_NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Banks_Penin_%26_Christchurch_NZ.jpg/700px-Banks_Penin_%26_Christchurch_NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Banks Peninsula and Christchurch, in a 2021 NASA satellite photo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banks_Peninsula,_Canterbury,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4044" data-file-height="2079" /></a><figcaption>Banks Peninsula, with <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraup%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō">Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō</a> on the right and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ellesmere_/_Te_Waihora" title="Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora">Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akaroa_Harbour_Ships_And_Whare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Akaroa_Harbour_Ships_And_Whare.jpg/220px-Akaroa_Harbour_Ships_And_Whare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Akaroa_Harbour_Ships_And_Whare.jpg/330px-Akaroa_Harbour_Ships_And_Whare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Akaroa_Harbour_Ships_And_Whare.jpg/440px-Akaroa_Harbour_Ships_And_Whare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>European ships, possibly French, in <a href="/wiki/Akaroa" title="Akaroa">Akaroa</a> in the early 19th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akaroa_Harbour_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Akaroa_Harbour_28.jpg/220px-Akaroa_Harbour_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Akaroa_Harbour_28.jpg/330px-Akaroa_Harbour_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Akaroa_Harbour_28.jpg/440px-Akaroa_Harbour_28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2449" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Akaroa Harbour, Banks Peninsula with storm clouds overhead (December 2020)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Banks Peninsula</b> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> of volcanic origin on the east coast of the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> of New Zealand. It has an area of approximately 1,200 square kilometres (450 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Te_Ara_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Te_Ara-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and encompasses two large harbours and many smaller bays and coves. The South Island's largest city, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, is immediately north of the peninsula. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula_Volcano" title="Banks Peninsula Volcano">Banks Peninsula Volcano</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg/220px-Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>Banks Peninsula has a roughly circular shape, with many bays and two deep harbours.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BanksPeninsulaModel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/BanksPeninsulaModel.jpg/220px-BanksPeninsulaModel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/BanksPeninsulaModel.jpg/330px-BanksPeninsulaModel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/BanksPeninsulaModel.jpg/440px-BanksPeninsulaModel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Model of Banks Peninsula, showing the mountainous nature otherwise atypical of the Christchurch area.</figcaption></figure> <p>Banks Peninsula forms the most prominent volcanic feature of the South Island, similar to — but more than twice as large as — the older Dunedin volcano (<a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Harbour</a>) 350 kilometres (220 mi) to the southwest. Geologically, the peninsula comprises the eroded remnants of two large <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">composite <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Shield volcanoes">shield volcanoes</a></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Isn't a composite volcano a stratovolcano? Mutually exclusive terms used. Contradiction? (December 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (Lyttelton formed first, then Akaroa), and the smaller Mt Herbert Volcanic Group.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These formed due to intraplate volcanism between approximately eleven and eight million years ago (<a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>) on a continental crust. The peninsula formed as offshore islands, with the volcanoes reaching to about 1,500 m above sea level. Two dominant craters formed <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraup%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō">Lyttelton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akaroa_Harbour" title="Akaroa Harbour">Akaroa</a> Harbours. </p><p>The Canterbury Plains formed from the erosion of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Alps" title="Southern Alps">Southern Alps</a> (an extensive and high mountain range caused by the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Australian Plate">Indo-Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific tectonic plates</a>) and from the <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">alluvial fans</a> created by large <a href="/wiki/Braided_river" title="Braided river">braided rivers</a>. These plains reach their widest point where they meet the hilly sub-region of Banks Peninsula. A layer of <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a>, a rather unstable fine silt deposited by the <a href="/wiki/Foehn_wind" title="Foehn wind">foehn winds</a> which bluster across the plains, covers the northern and western flanks of the peninsula. The portion of crater rim lying between Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō and Christchurch city forms the <a href="/wiki/Port_Hills" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to tradition the first <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> settlers of the area now known as Banks Peninsula were the <a href="/wiki/Waitaha_(South_Island_iwi)" title="Waitaha (South Island iwi)">Waitaha</a> led by their founding ancestor <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81kaihaut%C5%AB" title="Rākaihautū">Rākaihautū</a>. The Māori name for the peninsula is Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (The Storehouse of Rākaihautū) in recognition of his deeds and the abundance of mahinga kai (foods of the forests, sea, rivers and skies). They were followed by <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ti_M%C4%81moe" title="Kāti Māmoe">Kāti Māmoe</a>, and then the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> <a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">hapū</a> Ngāi Tūhaitara, who arrived in the 1730s.<sup id="cite_ref-teara-ngaitahu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-ngaitahu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first European sighting of the peninsula was on 17 February 1770 by Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> and crew during Cook's first circumnavigation of New Zealand. Cook described the land as "of a circular figure ... of a very broken uneven surface and [having] more the appearance of barrenness than fertility."<sup id="cite_ref-Beaglehole_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beaglehole-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deceived by the outline of higher land behind the peninsula, Cook mistook it for an island and named it "Banks Island" in honour of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour"><i>Endeavour</i></a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s botanist, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beaglehole_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beaglehole-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distracted by a phantom sighting of land to the southeast, Cook then ordered <i>Endeavour</i> away to the south without exploring more closely. </p><p>In 1809, Captain Samuel Chase, in the sealer <i>Pegasus</i>, corrected Cook's charts by determining that "Banks Island" was in fact a peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first officer, William Stewart, charted this area of the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pegasus Bay is named after their vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1830, the Māori settlement at <a href="/wiki/Takap%C5%ABneke" title="Takapūneke">Takapūneke</a> was sacked, and the local Ngāi Tahu chief, <a href="/wiki/Tama-i-hara-nui" title="Tama-i-hara-nui">Tama-i-hara-nui</a> captured, by <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a> chief, <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a>, with the assistance of the captain of the British brig <i>Elizabeth,</i> John Stewart.<sup id="cite_ref-NZH_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZH-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was partly as a result of this massacre that the British authorities sent <a href="/wiki/James_Busby" title="James Busby">James Busby</a>, as official British Resident, to New Zealand in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-NZH_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZH-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1830s, several European <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a> bases were established on Banks Peninsula. In 1838 Captain <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Langlois" title="Jean François Langlois">Jean François Langlois</a>, a French whaler, decided that <a href="/wiki/Akaroa" title="Akaroa">Akaroa</a> would make a good settlement to service whaling ships and made a provisional purchase of land in "the greater Banks Peninsula" from 12 <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Kāi Tahu</a> chiefs.<sup id="cite_ref-history-nz.org_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-nz.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A deposit of commodities in the value of £6 was paid and a further £234 worth of commodities was to be paid at a later period.<sup id="cite_ref-MB_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history-nz.org_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-nz.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, advertised for settlers to go to New Zealand, and ceded his interest in the land to the <a href="/wiki/Nanto-Bordelaise_Company" title="Nanto-Bordelaise Company">Nanto-Bordelaise Company</a>, of which he became a part-owner. On 9 March 1840 he set sail for New Zealand with a group of French and German families aboard the ship <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Paris_(ship)" title="Comte de Paris (ship)"><i>Comte de Paris</i></a>, with the intention of forming a <a href="/wiki/French_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="French colony">French colony</a> on a French South Island of New Zealand. By the time Langlois and his colonists arrived at Banks Peninsula in August 1840, many Māori had already signed the Treaty of Waitangi (the signatories including two chiefs at Akaroa in May) and New Zealand's first British Governor, <a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a>, had declared British sovereignty over the whole of New Zealand. On hearing of the French plan for colonisation, Hobson quickly dispatched <a href="/wiki/HMS_Britomart_(1808)" title="HMS Britomart (1808)">HMS <i>Britomart</i></a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands" title="Bay of Islands">Bay of Islands</a> to Akaroa with police magistrates on board.<sup id="cite_ref-MB_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Langlois and his colonists sheltered from unfavourable winds at Pigeon Bay on the other side of the peninsula, the British raised their flag at Greens Point between Akaroa and Takapūneke and courts of law convened to assert British sovereignty over the South Island.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Who documented this explanation. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The French colonists arrived in Akaroa Harbour on 18 August and established a settlement centred on the present-day site of Akaroa.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given that the French colonists had set out for New Zealand on the assumption that they owned the land, the New Zealand authorities made a grant of 30,000 acres to the Nanto-Bordelaise Company, which ceded all rights to the peninsula for £4,500.<sup id="cite_ref-MB_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1840s, the peninsula and the Canterbury Plains beyond were considered for colonisation, but it took until 1848 for the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Association" title="Canterbury Association">Canterbury Association</a> chief surveyor, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thomas_(surveyor)" title="Joseph Thomas (surveyor)">Captain Joseph Thomas</a> to survey the surrounding plains and prepare for the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/First_Four_Ships" title="First Four Ships">Canterbury pilgrims</a> in December 1850.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Placeholder statement that needs expanding on, including the Kemp Deed signed at Akaroa, as well as early peninsular run-holders, such as the Rhodes brothers. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From the 1850s, <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> outgrew Akaroa, which is now a holiday resort and cruise ship destination and has retained many French influences as well as many of its nineteenth-century buildings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Multiple ideas here as well as current state that is not history. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Historic harbour defence works dating from 1874 onwards survive at <a href="/wiki/Ripapa_Island" title="Ripapa Island">Ripapa Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraup%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō">Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Awaroa_/_Godley_Head" class="mw-redirect" title="Awaroa / Godley Head">Awaroa / Godley Head</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This is a current state or archaeological description, rather than a historic one. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Christchurch earthquakes of <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">February 2011</a> and <a href="/wiki/June_2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="June 2011 Christchurch earthquake">June 2011</a> had their epicentres in the Port Hills, significantly affecting communities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Which particular earthquakes are we referring to? There are several (thousands of aftershocks) to choose from. Technically there is one triggering earthquake on 4 September 2010 and everything else is an aftershock in the earthquake sequence. Also is this history or geology? (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisheries">Fisheries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fisheries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several sites off the coast of the peninsula serve for <a href="/wiki/Mariculture" title="Mariculture">mariculture</a> cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Farming">Farming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Farming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Farming has been a traditional industry on Banks Peninsula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the major earthquakes of 2010 and 2011, which affected Christchurch and Lyttelton (the harbour serving Christchurch), cruise ships were diverted to Akaroa Harbour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summit_Road">Summit Road</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Summit Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Summit Road forms a notable feature on the peninsula. The road included portions of the early tracks that were built to move cattle around (e.g. the 15 mile track from Akaroa to Pigeon Bay completed in 1844). Much of the construction was completed in the 1880s with more work carried out in the 1930s,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the road is in two<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (December 2020)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Banks_Peninsula#Summit_Road" title="Talk:Banks Peninsula">discuss</a></i>]</sup> sections (both of which have views of the area, as well as parks, walkways, and other recreational features): </p> <ul><li>one section runs along the crest of the Port Hills from <a href="/wiki/Awaroa_/_Godley_Head" class="mw-redirect" title="Awaroa / Godley Head">Awaroa / Godley Head</a> (the northern head of Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō) to Gebbies Pass at the head of the harbour.</li> <li>the other section runs around the crater rim of Akaroa Harbour from 'Hill Top' – the junction with the main Christchurch-Akaroa highway – to a point above Akaroa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estimates suggest that native forest once covered 98% of the peninsula. However, Māori and European settlers successively denuded the forest cover and less than 2% remains today, although some reforestation has started. European settlers have planted many English trees, notably <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnut</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinewai_Reserve">Hinewai Reserve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hinewai Reserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hinewai_Reserve" title="Hinewai Reserve">Hinewai Reserve</a>, a private <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserve</a>, has been established on the peninsula to allow for native forest to regenerate on land that was once farmed. It was established in 1987 and now spans 1250 hectares of native bush.<sup id="cite_ref-stuff.co.nz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stuff.co.nz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has 40 km of walking tracks through the native bush.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other protected areas on the peninsula include Ellangowan Scenic Reserve (3.14 km<sup>2</sup>), designated in 1973, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Herbert_Scenic_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Herbert Scenic Reserve">Mount Herbert Scenic Reserve</a> (2.42 km<sup>2</sup>), designated in 1980, Wairewa Stewardship Area (6.51 km<sup>2</sup>), designated in 1987, and Palm Gully Scenic Reserve (1.11 km<sup>2</sup>), designated in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_Reserves">Marine Reserves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Marine Reserves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large Marine Mammal Sanctuary, mainly restricting <a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_net_fishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Set net fishing (page does not exist)">set-net fishing</a>, surrounds much of the peninsula. This has the principal aim of the conservation of <a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_dolphin" title="Hector's dolphin">Hector's dolphin</a>, the smallest of all <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphin</a> species. Eco-tourism based around the playful dolphins has now become a significant industry in Akaroa. </p><p>The Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary was expanded in 2020, with restrictions introduced on seismic surveying and seabed mining. The sanctuary stretches from the <a href="/wiki/Jed_River" title="Jed River">Jed River</a> south to the <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_River" title="Waitaki River">Waitaki River</a>, and extends 20 nautical miles out to sea, covering an area of about 14,310 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relatively small <a href="/wiki/Pohatu_Marine_Reserve" title="Pohatu Marine Reserve">Pōhatu Marine Reserve</a> centres on Pōhatu / Flea Bay on the south-east side of the peninsula and the larger <a href="/wiki/Akaroa_Marine_Reserve" title="Akaroa Marine Reserve">Akaroa Marine Reserve</a> lies at the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Akaroa_Harbour" title="Akaroa Harbour">Akaroa Harbour</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rod_Donald_Banks_Peninsula_Trust">Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust aims to improve public walking and biking access and enhance biodiversity on Banks Peninsula. </p><p>They (in 2020) are raising money to purchase 500ha of land including the summits of Mt Herbert/Te Ahu Pātiki and Mt Bradley with the intention to set up a conservation park protecting and restoring native biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-stuff.co.nz_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stuff.co.nz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The land is currently farmland but over time the trust intends to return it to native bush. In May 2021, the money was raised to purchase the land.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust plans to upgrade fencing and remove feral grazing animals.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust are also involved in developing Te Ara Pātaka, also known as the Summit Walkway. They have also been involved in providing tramping huts (Rod Donald Hut and Ōtamahua Hut on <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctamahua_/_Quail_Island" title="Ōtamahua / Quail Island">Ōtamahua / Quail Island</a>) for the public to access.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banks_Peninsula_Conservation_Trust">Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust was formed in 2001. It works to conserve and enhance the biodiversity and encourage <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_land_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable land management">sustainable land management</a> on Banks Peninsula. Work being undertaken in 2020 included work to protect <a href="/wiki/Morepork" title="Morepork">ruru</a> (morepork) and <a href="/wiki/T%C5%AB%C4%AB" title="Tūī">tūī</a>. They also work with landowners to legally protect important biodiversity and landscape values in perpetuity through covenants.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banks Peninsula Ward of Christchurch City Council, which encompasses the area south of the <a href="/wiki/Port_Hills" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a>, covers 973.13 km<sup>2</sup> (375.73 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Area_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,166</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,235</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,850</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.45%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-Census_2018_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2018-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Banks Peninsula Ward had a population of 8,850 at the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 615 people (7.5%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>, and an increase of 684 people (8.4%) since the <a href="/wiki/2006_New_Zealand_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 New Zealand census">2006 census</a>. There were 3,747 households. There were 4,374 males and 4,476 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female. The median age was 48.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 1,410 people (15.9%) aged under 15 years, 999 (11.3%) aged 15 to 29, 4,710 (53.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,728 (19.5%) aged 65 or older. </p><p>Ethnicities were 93.1% European/Pākehā, 8.3% Māori, 1.3% Pacific peoples, 3.1% Asian, and 2.0% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). </p><p>The proportion of people born overseas was 26.8%, compared with 27.1% nationally. </p><p>Although some people objected to giving their religion, 58.9% had no religion, 29.0% were Christian, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 0.7% were Buddhist and 3.4% had other religions. </p><p>Of those at least 15 years old, 2,400 (32.3%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 804 (10.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $36,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 3,807 (51.2%) people were employed full-time, 1,383 (18.6%) were part-time, and 135 (1.8%) were unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2018_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2018-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Towns">Towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akaroa">Akaroa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Akaroa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Akaroa" title="Akaroa">Akaroa</a> is a small town on the edge of the Akaroa harbour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Little_River">Little River</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Little River"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Little_River,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Little River, New Zealand">Little River</a> is a small town which sits at the end of the Little River Rail Trail. There are several art galleries, a camp ground, rugby club and primary school there. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">The area is known to Māori as</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2021)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> Wairewa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Which place is called Wairewa: The Marae or Lake Forsyth? Neither is the town. Please cite your source and first edit the Little River article with more detailed information about this name. See Talk page. (January 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wainui">Wainui</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Wainui"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wainui is a settlement of mostly holiday houses on the Akaroa harbour. </p><p>Wainui can mean 'big water' or 'big river' or 'big bay'. Wainui was once home to a large Ngāti Māmoe settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wainui has important associations for <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> as the bay was then claimed by Te Ruahikihiki for Ngāi Tahu. He made his claim when he landed at Wainui and dug for fern roots there. (This was one of the many traditional ways to claim land). In Ngāi Tahu legend, Tuhiraki (Mt Bossu) which lies behind Wainui, is the resting place of the kō (digging stick) of Rakaihautū. He used this digging stick to dig out many of the South Island lakes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1856, the Wainui Māori Reserve was established and set aside 432 acres for the Ngāi Tarewa Hapū of Ngāi Tahu. In the 1857 census, there was 40 people living there but by 1861, this had declined to 20 people.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A post office was established in 1874, telephone office in 1875, school in 1885 and Presbyterian Church in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duvauchelle">Duvauchelle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Duvauchelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Duvauchelle" title="Duvauchelle">Duvauchelle</a> is a small town which sits at the head of the Akaroa harbour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diamond_Harbour">Diamond Harbour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Diamond Harbour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Harbour,_New_Zealand" title="Diamond Harbour, New Zealand">Diamond Harbour</a> is on Banks Peninsula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bays">Bays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inland valleys of the <a href="/wiki/Port_Hills" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a> known as McCormacks Bay and <a href="/wiki/Moncks_Bay" title="Moncks Bay">Moncks Bay</a> are bays of the <a href="/wiki/Avon_Heathcote_Estuary" title="Avon Heathcote Estuary">Avon Heathcote Estuary</a>, rather that coastal bays of Banks Peninsula. Working around the coast from north to south one encounters: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumner_Bay">Sumner Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sumner Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumner_Head_(left)_with_Rapanui_Rock_(right),_Christchurch,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sumner_Head_%28left%29_with_Rapanui_Rock_%28right%29%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/400px-Sumner_Head_%28left%29_with_Rapanui_Rock_%28right%29%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sumner_Head_%28left%29_with_Rapanui_Rock_%28right%29%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/600px-Sumner_Head_%28left%29_with_Rapanui_Rock_%28right%29%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sumner_Head_%28left%29_with_Rapanui_Rock_%28right%29%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/800px-Sumner_Head_%28left%29_with_Rapanui_Rock_%28right%29%2C_Christchurch%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15700" data-file-height="3177" /></a><figcaption>Sumner Bay from Rapanui to Scarborough</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sumner,_New_Zealand" title="Sumner, New Zealand">Sumner Bay</a> marks the coastal transition from the long sandy beach of <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Bay" title="Pegasus Bay">Pegasus Bay</a> and the lowlands of the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Plains" title="Canterbury Plains">Canterbury Plains</a> to the rocky cliffs of Banks Peninsula. While Sumner is politically and socially considered a suburb of Christchurch, the high <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Christchurch" title="Clifton, Christchurch">Clifton</a> cliffs and the post of volcanic rock on the beach, known locally as <a href="/wiki/Rapanui_Rock" title="Rapanui Rock">Rapanui</a>, or Shag Rock, mark the place where the coastal plains meet the peninsula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taylors_Mistake">Taylors Mistake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Taylors Mistake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taylors_Mistake_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Taylors_Mistake_27.jpg/220px-Taylors_Mistake_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Taylors_Mistake_27.jpg/330px-Taylors_Mistake_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Taylors_Mistake_27.jpg/440px-Taylors_Mistake_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption>Taylors Mistake (2021)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Taylors_Mistake" title="Taylors Mistake">Taylors Mistake</a> is a Christchurch swimming beach with a number of holiday houses lining the bay. Originally, it was known as Vincent's Bay as a result of a Captain John Vincent wrecking his schooner in the bay. It became known as Taylors Mistake in 1853 after another ship wreck in the bay. This time, a Captain Samuel Taylor wrecked his cutter named <i>Hawk</i> at night time. Taylors Mistake is known as Te One-poto in Māori.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraupō"><span id="Lyttelton_Harbour_.2F_Whakaraup.C5.8D"></span>Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraup%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō">Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō</a> is a harbour within Banks Peninsula. Within the harbour lies <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctamahua_/_Quail_Island" title="Ōtamahua / Quail Island">Ōtamahua / Quail Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ripapa_Island" title="Ripapa Island">Ripapa Island</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyttelton_Harbour_30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lyttelton_Harbour_30.jpg/220px-Lyttelton_Harbour_30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lyttelton_Harbour_30.jpg/330px-Lyttelton_Harbour_30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lyttelton_Harbour_30.jpg/440px-Lyttelton_Harbour_30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption>Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō and Ōtamahua / Quail Island (2016)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port_Levy">Port Levy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Port Levy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Port_Levy" title="Port Levy">Port Levy</a> is the most north facing of the bays on Banks Peninsula. It has been visited by Europeans since the 1820s and known as Koukourarata in Māori.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Levy_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Port_Levy_27.jpg/220px-Port_Levy_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Port_Levy_27.jpg/330px-Port_Levy_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Port_Levy_27.jpg/440px-Port_Levy_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Port Levy (December 2020)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pigeon_Bay">Pigeon Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Pigeon Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pigeon_Bay_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pigeon_Bay_27.jpg/220px-Pigeon_Bay_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pigeon_Bay_27.jpg/330px-Pigeon_Bay_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pigeon_Bay_27.jpg/440px-Pigeon_Bay_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2449" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Pigeon Bay (December 2020)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pigeon Bay has a walking track which follows the eastern side of Pigeon bay out to the head of the bay. It takes about 4 or 5 hours to walk there and back. It has spectacular coastal views.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of holiday homes in Pigeon bay as well as a yacht club and a camping ground. Pigeon Bay most likely gained its name from early whalers seeing the large number of pigeons (<a href="/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB" title="Kererū">kererū</a>) in the forests of Pigeon Bay. The first reference to Pigeon Bay was in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captain Langlois celebrated his "purchase" of Banks Peninsula on 9 August 1840 by raising the French flag and conducting a 101 gun salute at Pigeon Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HMS <i>Britomart</i> visited Pigeon Bay towards the end of August 1840 conducting the first hydrographic survey and reinforcing British sovereignty of Banks Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Little_Akaloa">Little Akaloa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Little Akaloa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_akaloa_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Little_akaloa_27.jpg/220px-Little_akaloa_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Little_akaloa_27.jpg/330px-Little_akaloa_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Little_akaloa_27.jpg/440px-Little_akaloa_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption>The turnoff to Little Akaloa (December 2020)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Little_Akaloa" title="Little Akaloa">Little Akaloa</a> is named "little" to distinguish it from Akaroa. It was spelt Hakaroa until 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feral goats have been a problem in Little Akaloa but a successful cull of them in early 2019 is helping eradication efforts on Banks Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A moonfish (150 cm long) washed up on the beach at Little Akaloa in 2013. They are more commonly found further north.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farming around Little Akaloa is a mainstay of the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with accommodation providers being a second.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camping at the Little Akaloa Domain is popular in summer. The beach has a boat ramp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Okains_Bay">Okains Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Okains Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Okains_bay_plane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Okains_bay_plane.jpg/220px-Okains_bay_plane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Okains_bay_plane.jpg/330px-Okains_bay_plane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Okains_bay_plane.jpg/440px-Okains_bay_plane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption>A light aircraft lands on the beach at Okains Bay</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Okains_Bay" title="Okains Bay">Okains Bay</a> has a holiday camp ground and a large sandy beach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_Bons_Bay">Le Bons Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Le Bons Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Bons_Bay_960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Le_Bons_Bay_960.jpg/220px-Le_Bons_Bay_960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Le_Bons_Bay_960.jpg/330px-Le_Bons_Bay_960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Le_Bons_Bay_960.jpg/440px-Le_Bons_Bay_960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Le Bons Bay (November 2018)</figcaption></figure> <p>Le Bons Bay has a large often empty beach. There is a small settlement of holiday houses. It is surrounded by rolling hills. A river empties into the sea where <a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">New Zealand Fur Seals</a> often frolic.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First known as Bones bay in 1845, it became known as Le Bons Bay. It is suggested that this was either that a French settler named Le Bon lived there, or that early French settlers called it "The good bay" or that it is a corruption of Bones bay.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Cuff_(politician)" title="John Cuff (politician)">John Cuff</a> and William Cudden established a timber mill in Le Bons Bay in 1857. By 1878, the population of Le Bons Bay reached 237. At this stage, the timber had all been milled and the timber mill was moved to Hickory Bay until 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hickory_Bay">Hickory Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Hickory Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hickory Bay is known as having a beach that provides good surfing.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is east facing. It is known in Māori as Waikerikikari, the Bay of Angry Waters, and was never permanently settled by Māori.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ellangowan Scenic Reserve walk is located just below the Summit road in Hickory Bay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goughs_Bay">Goughs Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Goughs Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Undue_weight_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>. Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STRUCTURE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:STRUCTURE">create a more balanced presentation</a>. Discuss and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">resolve</a> this issue before removing this message. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Goughs Bay was home to a pā in the 1820s with around 100 people living there. The residents were fugitives from the Kai Huānga feud.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1830 the pā was attacked by <a href="/wiki/Te_Maiharanui" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Maiharanui">Te Maiharanui</a> and again in 1832 by <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a>’s raiding parties.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goughs Bay is most likely named after a whaler, Walter Gough, who was put ashore at the bay in 1836 after an attempted mutiny on the whaling barque <i>Australian.</i> He lived there in the Māori community for many years. Goughs Bay was first referenced in 1858 when Elie Bauriaud, who originally arrived on the <i>Comte de Paris</i>, purchased land there.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goughs Bay is a surfing location with an exposed beach break that provides consistent surf throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, funding was put aside to protect and fence the upper Goughs Bay stream catchment. The aims were to exclude stock, allow native bush to regenerate and improve the water quality. <a href="/wiki/Matai_(tree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matai (tree)">Mataī</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dtara" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōtara">tōtara</a> trees will be protected as well as a range of native animals.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant rain storm in December 2021 caused damage to the access road to Goughs Bay, with a number of slips making the road impassable.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five weeks later, the road was still closed because of the 34 slips blocking the access road.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report into the Christchurch City Council response to the damage caused by the storm highlighted areas for improvement in how the Christchurch City Council responds to emergencies.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ōtanerito_Bay"><span id=".C5.8Ctanerito_Bay"></span>Ōtanerito Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Ōtanerito Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Home to a <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ti_M%C4%81moe" title="Kāti Māmoe">Ngāti Māmoe</a> pā (known as Parakākāriki) and an ancient Māori burial ground, Ōtanerito Bay possibly means "the place of Tane, the fertile one". Home to the <a href="/wiki/Hinewai_Reserve" title="Hinewai Reserve">Hinewai reserve</a> since 1987. Ōtanerito Bay also formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Banks_Track" title="Banks Track">Banks Track</a> until 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flea_Bay_/_Pōhatu"><span id="Flea_Bay_.2F_P.C5.8Dhatu"></span>Flea Bay / Pōhatu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Flea Bay / Pōhatu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pōhatu / Flea Bay has large colonies of penguins and seals living there,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is home to the Pōhatu Marine Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marine Reserve is home to many fish species including triplefins, lumpfish, moki, butterfish, spotties, banded wrasse, blue cod, leather jackets, lobsters, pāua and rockfish.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akaroa_Harbour">Akaroa Harbour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Akaroa Harbour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akaroa_Harbour_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Akaroa_Harbour_27.jpg/220px-Akaroa_Harbour_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Akaroa_Harbour_27.jpg/330px-Akaroa_Harbour_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Akaroa_Harbour_27.jpg/440px-Akaroa_Harbour_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2449" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Akaroa Harbour (December 2020)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Akaroa_Harbour" title="Akaroa Harbour">Akaroa Harbour</a> is one of the two large harbours on Banks Peninsula. The other being <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_Harbour_/_Whakaraup%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō">Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peraki_Bay">Peraki Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Peraki Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Peraki" title="Peraki">Peraki</a> Bay is one of the bigger bays on the south west coast of Banks Peninsula. Multiple spellings of Peraki have existed. It was home to a whaling station in the 1830s and 1840s.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tumbledown_Bay/Te_Kāio"><span id="Tumbledown_Bay.2FTe_K.C4.81io"></span>Tumbledown Bay/Te Kāio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Tumbledown Bay/Te Kāio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tumbledown Bay is considered one of the best beaches near Christchurch. Most people are put off by the drive to get there, hence it is usually very quiet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tumbledown bay has supported a large Māori population in pre-European times. Numerous archaeological digs have uncovered artefacts including tool fragments, fish hooks, oven stones and seal, <a href="/wiki/Kur%C4%AB" title="Kurī">Kurī</a> (dog), tuatara, penguin, kiwi, kererū and moa remains in the middens.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tumbledown bay, was named as a result of the actions of Billy Simpson, who working on sailing boats in the area as early as 1836. He was instructed to collect a case of alcohol from a local whaling station. On his return, he sat down in the bay and had a drink or two. On getting up he succeeded in allowing all the bottles to tumble down the hillside and break hence the naming.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest reference to the name of Tumbledown bay occurred in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two small islets at the entrance of the bay named Jachin and Boaz (after the pillars to the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Temple of Solomon</a>). These were thought to have been named by Bishop George Selwyn.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1911, the <i>Bell Flower</i> (a 98 ton schooner) was wrecked on the cliffs next to Tumbledown Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumbledown_bay_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tumbledown_bay_27.jpg/220px-Tumbledown_bay_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tumbledown_bay_27.jpg/330px-Tumbledown_bay_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tumbledown_bay_27.jpg/440px-Tumbledown_bay_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption>Tumbledown Bay</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Te_Oka_Bay">Te Oka Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Te Oka Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Te_Oka_Bay_and_Tumbledown_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Te_Oka_Bay_and_Tumbledown_Bay.jpg/220px-Te_Oka_Bay_and_Tumbledown_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Te_Oka_Bay_and_Tumbledown_Bay.jpg/330px-Te_Oka_Bay_and_Tumbledown_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Te_Oka_Bay_and_Tumbledown_Bay.jpg/440px-Te_Oka_Bay_and_Tumbledown_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption>Te Oka Bay (left) and Tumbledown Bay (right)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnet_Bay">Magnet Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Magnet Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surf_At_Magnet_Bay.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Surf_At_Magnet_Bay.jpeg/220px-Surf_At_Magnet_Bay.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Surf_At_Magnet_Bay.jpeg/330px-Surf_At_Magnet_Bay.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Surf_At_Magnet_Bay.jpeg/440px-Surf_At_Magnet_Bay.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Surf at Magnet Bay</figcaption></figure> <p>Magnet Bay is known as a spot to go surfing. It has an exposed reef and point break. These provide reasonably consistent surf all year around.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bay is known in Māori as Makara and a pa existed in the bay at one stage. Magnet Bay is named after the <i>Magnet</i>, a 148-ton barque that was shipwrecked in the bay on 3 September 1844. It was sailing under the charge of a Captain Lewis who was travelling from <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> to <a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a>. One person lost their life in the shipwreck.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mountains">Mountains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banks Peninsula includes numerous hills or mountains. Named peaks over 700 metres high include: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Herbert_/_Te_Ahu_P%C4%81tiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Herbert / Te Ahu Pātiki">Mount Herbert / Te Ahu Pātiki</a> is the tallest point on Banks Peninsula at 919 metres (3,014 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Te_Ara_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Te_Ara-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Mt Bradley</b>, the second tallest peak on Banks Peninsula at 855m was named after Reginald Robert Bradley who farmed at Charteris Bay from 1858 and also was the vicar of the Parish of <a href="/wiki/Governors_Bay" title="Governors Bay">Governors Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Purau" title="Purau">Purau</a>. His oldest son, Orton Bradley, took over the farm which became <a href="/wiki/Orton_Bradley_Park" title="Orton Bradley Park">Orton Bradley Park</a> after his death in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Mt Sinclair</b> at 841m was named after Captain Francis Sinclair who lived at Holmes Bay. He drowned in 1846 when sailing from Banks Peninsula to Wellington in his schooner <i>Jessie Millar</i>. In Māori, Mt Sinclair is known as Tarawera.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Saddle Hill</b> (841m) befits its descriptive name. The French settlers named it Pitou Comete and the Māori named it Puwaitaha or Ka Mokaikai. Near the summit is a spring known as Te Wai-o-hine-puariari<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Mt Fitzgerald</b> (826 metres) overlooks Holmes Bay. It is named after William Fitzgerald who arrived at Pigeon Bay in 1861 and taught at the Pigeon Bay Academy until 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Flag Peak</b> (809 metres) </p><p><b>Stony Bay Peak</b> (806 metres) </p><p><b>Brasenose</b> (785 metres) </p><p><b>View Hill</b> (762 metres) </p><p><b>High Bare Peak</b> (756 metres) </p><p><b>Lavericks</b> (755 metres) and Lavericks Bay could have been named after several people. George Laverick was an early settler in the area. It could also have been named after Captain Laverick of the schooner <i>Lookin</i> which supplied provisions to Akaroa and the Peninsula in the early 1840s. A third explanation is that it was named after Charlie Laveroux, a Frenchman who ended up marooned at the bay by bad weather during a hunting trip. The Māori name for the peak is Ōtepatotu.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Duvauchelle Peak</b> (738 metres) and the town of Duvauchelle were named after the Duvauchelle brothers who arrived in 1840 at Akaroa. They ran a store in Akaroa before departing for South Pacific Islands in 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Mt Evans</b> (703 metres) was named at some point between 1849 and 1850 after First Lieutenant Frederick Evans of the survey paddleship HMS <i>Acheron</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Walking_tracks">Walking tracks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Walking tracks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hilltop_Tavern,_Banks_Peninsula,_Canterbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hilltop_Tavern%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury.jpg/220px-Hilltop_Tavern%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hilltop_Tavern%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury.jpg/330px-Hilltop_Tavern%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hilltop_Tavern%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury.jpg/440px-Hilltop_Tavern%2C_Banks_Peninsula%2C_Canterbury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>Hilltop Tavern, Banks Peninsula (1973)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banks_Track">Banks Track</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Banks Track"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Banks_Track" title="Banks Track">Banks Track</a> is a 31 km circular route that starts in Akaroa and visits Flea Bay, Stony Bay and <a href="/wiki/Hinewai_Reserve" title="Hinewai Reserve">Hinewai Reserve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Te_Ara_Pātaka_(Summit_walkway)"><span id="Te_Ara_P.C4.81taka_.28Summit_walkway.29"></span>Te Ara Pātaka (Summit walkway)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Te Ara Pātaka (Summit walkway)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_of_the_Packhorse_hut_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sign_of_the_Packhorse_hut_27.jpg/220px-Sign_of_the_Packhorse_hut_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sign_of_the_Packhorse_hut_27.jpg/330px-Sign_of_the_Packhorse_hut_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sign_of_the_Packhorse_hut_27.jpg/440px-Sign_of_the_Packhorse_hut_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Sign of the Packhorse Hut (2020)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rod_Donald_Hut_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rod_Donald_Hut_27.jpg/220px-Rod_Donald_Hut_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rod_Donald_Hut_27.jpg/330px-Rod_Donald_Hut_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rod_Donald_Hut_27.jpg/440px-Rod_Donald_Hut_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Rod Donald Hut (December 2020)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Te Ara Pātaka (Summit walkway) is a three day tramp that can start at multiple places. The longest routes start either at Gebbies Pass or Kaituna Valley and go to Sign of the Packhorse Hut on the first day. On the second day, trampers follow a track crossing just below Mount Bradley (855 metres) and then ascend Mount Herbert (919 metres) before descending to the Port Levy Saddle. From here it is a short walk to the second overnight stay at Rod Donald Hut. The third day takes in Mount Fitzgerald (826 metres) and Mount Sinclair (841 metres). The track then descends past a 2000 year old giant tōtara in Montgomery Park Scenic Reserve before finishing near the Hilltop tavern on <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_75_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 75 (New Zealand)">state highway 75</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Le_Race">Le Race</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Le Race"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Le_Race" title="Le Race">Le Race</a></div> <p>The annual 100 km road cycling race from Cathedral Square in Christchurch to Akaroa traverses Banks Peninsula. The course climbs up Dyers Pass road, follows the summit road along the <a href="/wiki/Port_Hills" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a> before descending Gebbies Pass to <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_75_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 75 (New Zealand)">State highway 75</a>. It then ascends to Hilltop before turning off and following the summit road, climbing Duvauchelle peak and descending Long Bays Road into Akaroa. It has been won by three times by Mark Bailey and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Vink" title="Michael Vink">Michael Vink</a>, twice by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Yates" title="Jeremy Yates">Jeremy Yates</a> and Daniel Whitehouse. <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Roulston" title="Hayden Roulston">Hayden Roulston</a> (2016) and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Fowler_(cyclist)" title="Brian Fowler (cyclist)">Brian Fowler</a> (2005 ) have also won it.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the women's competition Jo Buick, <a href="/wiki/Reta_Trotman" title="Reta Trotman">Reta Trotman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharlotte_Lucas" title="Sharlotte Lucas">Sharlotte Lucas</a> have all won it three times.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Churches">Churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of historic churches in the valleys and bays of Banks Peninsula. These include<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>St John the Evangelist Catholic church, Little River</li> <li>St John the Evangelist Anglican church, Okains Bay</li> <li>St John the Evangelist Anglican church, Duvauchelle</li> <li>St Patrick's Catholic Church, Akaroa</li> <li>St Peter's Anglican Church, Akaroa</li> <li>Trinity Presbyterian Church, Akaroa</li> <li>St Kentigern's Anglican Church, Kaituna Valley</li> <li>Wainui Presbyterian Community Church</li> <li>St Luke's Anglican Church, Little Akaloa</li> <li>Knox Presbyterian Church, Pigeon Bay</li> <li>St Paul's Anglican Church, Port Levy</li> <li>Church of the Epiphany, Anglican church, Gebbies Valley</li> <li>St Cuthbert's Anglican Church, Allandale</li> <li>St Peter's Anglican Church, Teddington</li> <li>St Andrew's Anglican Church, Little River</li> <li>Ōnuku Anglican Church, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnuku" title="Ōnuku">The Kaik</a>, Onuku Road, Akaroa</li> <li>St Andrew's Anglican Church, Le Bons Bay</li> <li>The Church of the Protection of the Mother of God, Le Bons Bay</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Banks Peninsula (Le Bons Bay), elevation 238 m (781 ft), (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(1.41) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(1.60) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7<br />(1.96) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2<br />(2.65) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.3<br />(1.82) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.9<br />(2.16) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.3<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7<br />(1.88) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">639.2<br />(25.18) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NIWA<sup id="cite_ref-NIWA_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIWA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Te_Ara-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Te_Ara_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Te_Ara_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGair1966" class="citation book cs1">Gair, Harry (1966). "Banks Peninsula". In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hare_McLintock" title="Alexander Hare McLintock">McLintock, A. H.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/banks-peninsula"><i>An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Banks+Peninsula&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+%2F+Te+Manat%C5%AB+Taonga&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Gair&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fbanks-peninsula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamptonJ.W._Cole2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hampton, S.J.; J.W. Cole (March 2009). "Lyttelton Volcano, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand: Primary volcanic landforms and eruptive centre identification". <i>Geomorphology</i>. <b>104</b> (<span class="nowrap">3–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">284–</span>298. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Geomo.104..284H">2009Geomo.104..284H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2008.09.005">10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Lyttelton+Volcano%2C+Banks+Peninsula%2C+New+Zealand%3A+Primary+volcanic+landforms+and+eruptive+centre+identification&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E284-%3C%2Fspan%3E298&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2008.09.005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Geomo.104..284H&rft.aulast=Hampton&rft.aufirst=S.J.&rft.au=J.W.+Cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teara-ngaitahu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-teara-ngaitahu_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTau2017" class="citation web cs1">Tau, Te Maire (1 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/ngai-tahu/page-2">"Ngāi Tahu – The move south"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ng%C4%81i+Tahu+%E2%80%93+The+move+south&rft.pub=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.aulast=Tau&rft.aufirst=Te+Maire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fngai-tahu%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beaglehole-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beaglehole_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beaglehole_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaglehole,_J.C.1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Cawte_Beaglehole" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cawte Beaglehole">Beaglehole, J.C.</a>, ed. (1968). <i>The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery, vol. I:The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">253–</span>257. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/223185477">223185477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journals+of+Captain+James+Cook+on+His+Voyages+of+Discovery%2C+vol.+I%3AThe+Voyage+of+the+Endeavour+1768%E2%80%931771&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E253-%3C%2Fspan%3E257&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F223185477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntwisle2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Entwisle" title="Peter Entwisle">Entwisle, Peter</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELYS5ftt7NgC&q=%22The+pegasus%22+captain+samuel+chase&pg=PA49"><i>Taka: a vignette life of William Tucker 1784–1817</i></a>. Port Daniel Press. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-473-10098-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-473-10098-3"><bdi>0-473-10098-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discover+The+Delights+Of+Peeling+Back+History&rft.atitle=Peraki+Bay&rft.date=1837-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peelingbackhistory.co.nz%2Ftag%2Fperaki-bay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgilvie2017" class="citation book cs1">Ogilvie, Gordon (2017). <i>Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.doc.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Te+Ara+P%C4%81taka%2FSummit+Walkway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc.govt.nz%2Fparks-and-recreation%2Fplaces-to-go%2Fcanterbury%2Fplaces%2Fbanks-peninsula-area%2Fthings-to-do%2Fte-ara-pataka%2Fte-ara-pataka-summit-walkway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvents" class="citation web cs1">Events, Tailwind. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lerace.co.nz/results/hall-fame">"Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>Le Race</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Race&rft.atitle=Hall+of+Fame&rft.aulast=Events&rft.aufirst=Tailwind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lerace.co.nz%2Fresults%2Fhall-fame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeteScape" class="citation web cs1">KeteScape. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ketechristchurch.peoplesnetworknz.info/banks_peninsula/topics/show/102-churches-of-banks-peninsula">"Churches of Banks Peninsula"</a>. <i>ketechristchurch.peoplesnetworknz.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ketechristchurch.peoplesnetworknz.info&rft.atitle=Churches+of+Banks+Peninsula&rft.au=KeteScape&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fketechristchurch.peoplesnetworknz.info%2Fbanks_peninsula%2Ftopics%2Fshow%2F102-churches-of-banks-peninsula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anglicanlife.org.nz/regions/banks-peninsula/">"Banks Peninsula – Anglican Life"</a>. <i>anglicanlife.org.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anglicanlife.org.nz&rft.atitle=Banks+Peninsula+%E2%80%93+Anglican+Life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanglicanlife.org.nz%2Fregions%2Fbanks-peninsula%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIWA-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIWA_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz">"CliFlo – National Climate Database : Le Bons Bay Aws"</a>. NIWA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CliFlo+%E2%80%93+National+Climate+Database+%3A+Le+Bons+Bay+Aws&rft.pub=NIWA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcliflo.niwa.co.nz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaing1919" class="citation journal cs1">Laing, Robert (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_51/rsnz_51_00_004140.html">"The Vegetation of Banks Peninsula, with a List of Species (Flowering-plants and Ferns)"</a>. <i>Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand</i>. <b>51</b>. New Zealand Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=The+Vegetation+of+Banks+Peninsula%2C+with+a+List+of+Species+%28Flowering-plants+and+Ferns%29&rft.volume=51&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Laing&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsnz.natlib.govt.nz%2Fvolume%2Frsnz_51%2Frsnz_51_00_004140.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Wilson_(New_Zealand_botanist)" title="Hugh Wilson (New Zealand botanist)">Wilson, Hugh D</a> (2009). <i>Natural History of Banks Peninsula</i>. Christchurch, N.Z: Canterbury University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877257-82-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877257-82-7"><bdi>978-1-877257-82-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+History+of+Banks+Peninsula&rft.place=Christchurch%2C+N.Z&rft.pub=Canterbury+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-877257-82-7&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hugh+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanks+Peninsula" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ogilvie Gordon (2017). Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills, Canterbury University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781927145937" title="Special:BookSources/9781927145937">9781927145937</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banks_Peninsula&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Banks_Peninsula" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Banks Peninsula District census results: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031005023520/http://www.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/CommProfiles.nsf/FindInfobyArea/061-ta">2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150125003011/http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/pasfull/pasfull.nsf/web/Brochure+Banks+Peninsula+District+(Census+96)+1996+Census+of+Population+and+Dwellings?open">1996</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100521224108/http://resources.ccc.govt.nz/files/BanksPeninsula-howthecouncilworks.pdf">Map of Banks Peninsula ward, Christchurch</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Port_Hills" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a>, New Zealand</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allandale,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allandale, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Allandale</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akaroa" title="Akaroa">Akaroa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataahua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ataahua (page does not exist)">Ataahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrys_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrys Bay">Barrys Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdlings_Flat" title="Birdlings Flat">Birdlings Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cass_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cass Bay (page does not exist)">Cass Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charteris_Bay" title="Charteris Bay">Charteris Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorlton,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorlton, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Chorlton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Bay,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church Bay, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Church Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooptown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooptown (page does not exist)">Cooptown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsair_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsair Bay">Corsair Bay</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Harbour,_New_Zealand" title="Diamond Harbour, New Zealand">Diamond Harbour</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvauchelle" title="Duvauchelle">Duvauchelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Farm,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Farm, New Zealand (page does not exist)">French Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebbies_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebbies Pass (page does not exist)">Gebbies Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebbies_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebbies Valley (page does not exist)">Gebbies Valley</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Governors_Bay" title="Governors Bay">Governors Bay</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold Valley (page does not exist)">Gold Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilltop,_Canterbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilltop, Canterbury (page does not exist)">Hilltop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaituna_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaituna Valley (page does not exist)">Kaituna Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kukupa,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kukupa, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Kukupa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lansdowne,_Canterbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lansdowne, Canterbury (page does not exist)">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Bons_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Bons Bay (page does not exist)">Le Bons Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Akaloa" title="Little Akaloa">Little Akaloa</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Little_River,_Banks_Peninsula" title="Little River, Banks Peninsula">Little River</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motukarara" title="Motukarara">Motukarara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McQueens_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McQueens Valley (page does not exist)">McQueens Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohinetahi" title="Ohinetahi">Ohinetahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okains_Bay" title="Okains Bay">Okains Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okuti_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okuti Valley (page does not exist)">Okuti Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnuku" title="Ōnuku">Ōnuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orton_Bradley_Park" title="Orton Bradley Park">Orton Bradley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otanerito_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otanerito Bay (page does not exist)">Otanerito Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraki" title="Peraki">Peraki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pigeon_Bay,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pigeon Bay, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Pigeon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Levy" title="Port Levy">Port Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prices_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prices Valley (page does not exist)">Prices Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puaha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puaha (page does not exist)">Puaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purau" title="Purau">Purau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robinsons_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robinsons Bay (page does not exist)">Robinsons Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tapu" title="Tai Tapu">Tai Tapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takamatua" title="Takamatua">Takamatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington,_New_Zealand" title="Teddington, New Zealand">Teddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81paki" title="Rāpaki">Te Rāpaki-o-Te Rakiwhakaputa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wainui,_Canterbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wainui, Canterbury (page does not exist)">Wainui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Port_Hills" title="Port Hills">Port Hills</a> suburbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cashmere,_New_Zealand" title="Cashmere, New Zealand">Cashmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Christchurch" title="Clifton, Christchurch">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cracroft,_New_Zealand" title="Cracroft, New Zealand">Cracroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrymead" title="Ferrymead">Ferrymead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halswell" title="Halswell">Halswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathcote_Valley" title="Heathcote Valley">Heathcote Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough,_Christchurch" title="Hillsborough, Christchurch">Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoon_Hay" title="Hoon Hay">Hoon Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsbury" title="Huntsbury">Huntsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedys_Bush" title="Kennedys Bush">Kennedys Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncks_Bay" title="Moncks Bay">Moncks Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_New_Zealand" title="Mount Pleasant, New Zealand">Mt Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Aynsley_Hill" title="Murray Aynsley Hill">Murray Aynsley Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcliffs" title="Redcliffs">Redcliffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Hill,_New_Zealand" title="Richmond Hill, New Zealand">Richmond Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_New_Zealand" title="Scarborough, New Zealand">Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Hill" title="St Andrews Hill">St Andrews Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner,_New_Zealand" title="Sumner, New Zealand">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylors_Mistake" title="Taylors Mistake">Te Onepoto / Taylors Mistake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland,_New_Zealand" title="Westmorland, New Zealand">Westmorland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Māori <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81inga" title="Kāinga">kāinga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnawe_Peninsula" title="Ōnawe Peninsula">Ōnawe Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnuku" title="Ōnuku">Ōnuku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pu%C4%81ri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puāri (page does not exist)">Puāri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takap%C5%ABneke" title="Takapūneke">Takapūneke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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