Let’s Have a Chat! A Conversation with ChatGPT: Technology, Applications, and Limitations

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A Conversation with ChatGPT: Technology, Applications, and Limitations | Artificial Intelligence and Applications </title> <link rel="icon" href="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/public/journals/5/favicon_en_US.png"> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.4.0.7"> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Artificial Intelligence and Applications"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="AIA"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2811-0854"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sakib Shahriar"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Canada"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Kadhim Hayawi"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Computational Systems, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Let’s Have a Chat! A Conversation with ChatGPT: Technology, Applications, and Limitations"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="2"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="11"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="20"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.47852/bonviewAIA3202939"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AIA/article/view/939"/> <meta name="citation_abstract" xml:lang="en" content="The advent of artificial intelligence-empowered chatbots capable of constructing human-like sentences and articulating cohesive essays has captivated global interest. This paper provides a historical perspective on chatbots, focusing on the technology underpinning the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, better known as ChatGPT. We underscore the potential utility of ChatGPT across a multitude of fields, including healthcare, education, and research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that not only highlights the applications of ChatGPT in multiple domains but also analyzes its performance on examinations across various disciplines. Despite its promising capabilities, ChatGPT raises numerous ethical and privacy concerns that are meticulously explored in this paper. Acknowledging the current limitations of ChatGPT is crucial in understanding its potential for growth. We also ask ChatGPT to provide its point of view and present its responses to several questions we attempt to answer. Received: 5 April 2023 | Revised: 23 May 2023 | Accepted: 29 May 2023 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study."/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="artificial intelligence"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="natural language processing"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="ChatGPT"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="text generation"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="chatbots"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AIA/article/download/939/722"/> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Sakib Shahriar"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Kadhim Hayawi"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-06-02"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-04-05"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-01-29"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-02-22"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="The advent of artificial intelligence-empowered chatbots capable of constructing human-like sentences and articulating cohesive essays has captivated global interest. This paper provides a historical perspective on chatbots, focusing on the technology underpinning the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, better known as ChatGPT. We underscore the potential utility of ChatGPT across a multitude of fields, including healthcare, education, and research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that not only highlights the applications of ChatGPT in multiple domains but also analyzes its performance on examinations across various disciplines. Despite its promising capabilities, ChatGPT raises numerous ethical and privacy concerns that are meticulously explored in this paper. Acknowledging the current limitations of ChatGPT is crucial in understanding its potential for growth. We also ask ChatGPT to provide its point of view and present its responses to several questions we attempt to answer. Received: 5 April 2023 | Revised: 23 May 2023 | Accepted: 29 May 2023 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="939"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="11-20"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.47852/bonviewAIA3202939"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AIA/article/view/939"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2023 Authors"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Artificial Intelligence and Applications"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2811-0854"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="1"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="2"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AIA"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="artificial intelligence"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="natural language processing"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="ChatGPT"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="text generation"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="chatbots"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Let’s Have a Chat! 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</li> </ol> </nav> <article class="obj_article_details"> <h1 class="page_title"> Let’s Have a Chat! A Conversation with ChatGPT: Technology, Applications, and Limitations </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="main_entry"> <section class="item authors"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader">Authors</h2> <ul class="authors"> <li> <span class="name"> Sakib Shahriar </span> <span class="affiliation"> School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Canada </span> <span class="orcid"> <svg class="orcid_icon" viewBox="0 0 256 256" aria-hidden="true"> <style type="text/css"> .st0{fill:#A6CE39;} .st1{fill:#FFFFFF;} </style> <path class="st0" d="M256,128c0,70.7-57.3,128-128,128C57.3,256,0,198.7,0,128C0,57.3,57.3,0,128,0C198.7,0,256,57.3,256,128z"/> <g> <path class="st1" d="M86.3,186.2H70.9V79.1h15.4v48.4V186.2z"/> <path class="st1" d="M108.9,79.1h41.6c39.6,0,57,28.3,57,53.6c0,27.5-21.5,53.6-56.8,53.6h-41.8V79.1z M124.3,172.4h24.5 c34.9,0,42.9-26.5,42.9-39.7c0-21.5-13.7-39.7-43.7-39.7h-23.7V172.4z"/> <path class="st1" d="M88.7,56.8c0,5.5-4.5,10.1-10.1,10.1c-5.6,0-10.1-4.6-10.1-10.1c0-5.6,4.5-10.1,10.1-10.1 C84.2,46.7,88.7,51.3,88.7,56.8z"/> </g> </svg> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-4876" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-4876 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Kadhim Hayawi </span> <span class="affiliation"> College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Computational Systems, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates </span> <span class="orcid"> <svg class="orcid_icon" viewBox="0 0 256 256" aria-hidden="true"> <style type="text/css"> .st0{fill:#A6CE39;} .st1{fill:#FFFFFF;} </style> <path class="st0" d="M256,128c0,70.7-57.3,128-128,128C57.3,256,0,198.7,0,128C0,57.3,57.3,0,128,0C198.7,0,256,57.3,256,128z"/> <g> <path class="st1" d="M86.3,186.2H70.9V79.1h15.4v48.4V186.2z"/> <path class="st1" d="M108.9,79.1h41.6c39.6,0,57,28.3,57,53.6c0,27.5-21.5,53.6-56.8,53.6h-41.8V79.1z M124.3,172.4h24.5 c34.9,0,42.9-26.5,42.9-39.7c0-21.5-13.7-39.7-43.7-39.7h-23.7V172.4z"/> <path class="st1" d="M88.7,56.8c0,5.5-4.5,10.1-10.1,10.1c-5.6,0-10.1-4.6-10.1-10.1c0-5.6,4.5-10.1,10.1-10.1 C84.2,46.7,88.7,51.3,88.7,56.8z"/> </g> </svg> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-4590" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-4590 </a> </span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="item doi"> <h2 class="label"> DOI: </h2> <span class="value"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAIA3202939"> https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAIA3202939 </a> </span> </section> <section class="item keywords"> <h2 class="label"> Keywords: </h2> <span class="value"> artificial intelligence, natural language processing, ChatGPT, text generation, chatbots </span> </section> <section class="item abstract"> <h2 class="label">Abstract</h2> <p>The advent of artificial intelligence-empowered chatbots capable of constructing human-like sentences and articulating cohesive essays has captivated global interest. This paper provides a historical perspective on chatbots, focusing on the technology underpinning the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, better known as ChatGPT. We underscore the potential utility of ChatGPT across a multitude of fields, including healthcare, education, and research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that not only highlights the applications of ChatGPT in multiple domains but also analyzes its performance on examinations across various disciplines. Despite its promising capabilities, ChatGPT raises numerous ethical and privacy concerns that are meticulously explored in this paper. Acknowledging the current limitations of ChatGPT is crucial in understanding its potential for growth. We also ask ChatGPT to provide its point of view and present its responses to several questions we attempt to answer.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Received:</strong> 5 April 2023<strong> | Revised:</strong> 23 May 2023<strong> | Accepted:</strong> 29 May 2023</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Conflicts of Interest</strong></p> <p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data Availability Statement</strong></p> <p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.</p> </section> <br /><div class="separator"></div><div class="item abstract" id="trendmd-suggestions"></div><script defer src='//js.trendmd.com/trendmd.min.js' data-trendmdconfig='{"website_id":"89268", "element":"#trendmd-suggestions"}'></script><div class="item downloads_chart"> <h3 class="label"> Metrics </h3> <div id="paperbuzz"><div id="loading">Metrics Loading ...</div></div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.onload = function () { var options = { paperbuzzStatsJson: JSON.parse('{\"altmetrics_sources\":[{\"events\":null,\"events_count\":1548,\"events_count_by_day\":[{\"count\":\"1\",\"date\":\"2023-06-02\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-06\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-09\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-11\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-12\"},{\"count\":\"1\",\"date\":\"2023-06-13\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-14\"},{\"count\":\"3\",\"date\":\"2023-06-15\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-18\"},{\"count\":\"3\",\"date\":\"2023-06-19\"},{\"count\":\"3\",\"date\":\"2023-06-20\"},{\"count\":\"1\",\"date\":\"2023-06-21\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-22\"},{\"count\":\"1\",\"date\":\"2023-06-23\"},{\"count\":\"1\",\"date\":\"2023-06-24\"},{\"count\":\"1\",\"date\":\"2023-06-25\"},{\"count\":\"1\",\"date\":\"2023-06-26\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-28\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-29\"},{\"count\":\"2\",\"date\":\"2023-06-30\"},{\"count\":\"3\",\"date\":\"2023-07-02\"}],\"events_count_by_month\":[{\"count\":\"36\",\"date\":\"2023-06\"},{\"count\":\"38\",\"date\":\"2023-07\"},{\"count\":\"133\",\"date\":\"2023-08\"},{\"count\":\"110\",\"date\":\"2023-09\"},{\"count\":\"103\",\"date\":\"2023-10\"},{\"count\":\"53\",\"date\":\"2023-11\"},{\"count\":\"23\",\"date\":\"2023-12\"},{\"count\":\"57\",\"date\":\"2024-01\"},{\"count\":\"87\",\"date\":\"2024-02\"},{\"count\":\"95\",\"date\":\"2024-03\"},{\"count\":\"78\",\"date\":\"2024-04\"},{\"count\":\"75\",\"date\":\"2024-05\"},{\"count\":\"90\",\"date\":\"2024-06\"},{\"count\":\"68\",\"date\":\"2024-07\"},{\"count\":\"104\",\"date\":\"2024-08\"},{\"count\":\"253\",\"date\":\"2024-09\"},{\"count\":\"116\",\"date\":\"2024-10\"},{\"count\":\"29\",\"date\":\"2024-11\"}],\"events_count_by_year\":[{\"count\":\"496\",\"date\":\"2023\"},{\"count\":\"1052\",\"date\":\"2024\"}],\"source\":{\"display_name\":\"File downloads\"},\"source_id\":\"fileDownloads\"},{\"events\":[{\"author\":null,\"occurred_at\":\"2023-08-11T01:19:52.000Z\",\"url\":\"https:\\/\\/doi.org\\/10.48550\\/arxiv.2302.13817\"}],\"events_count\":1,\"events_count_by_day\":[{\"count\":1,\"date\":\"2023-08-11\"}],\"events_count_by_month\":[{\"count\":1,\"date\":\"2023-08\"}],\"events_count_by_year\":[{\"count\":1,\"date\":\"2023\"}],\"first_event_date\":\"2023-08-11\",\"source\":{\"display_name\":\"DataCite\",\"icon_url\":\"https:\\/\\/api.paperbuzz.org\\/static\\/img\\/favicons\\/datacite.gif\",\"id\":\"datacite\"},\"source_id\":\"datacite\"}],\"crossref_event_data_url\":\"https:\\/\\/api.eventdata.crossref.org\\/v1\\/events?rows=1000&filter=from-collected-date:1990-01-01,until-collected-date:2099-01-01,obj-id:10.47852\\/bonviewaia3202939\",\"doi\":\"10.47852\\/bonviewaia3202939\",\"metadata\":{\"DOI\":\"10.47852\\/bonviewaia3202939\",\"ISSN\":[\"2811-0854\"],\"URL\":\"http:\\/\\/dx.doi.org\\/10.47852\\/bonviewaia3202939\",\"abstract\":\"<jats:p>The advent of artificial intelligence-empowered chatbots capable of constructing human-like sentences and articulating cohesive essays has captivated global interest. 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The full text ingestion is still in progress and will be completed at January, 2025.</p> </div> </article> <article class="block_announcements_article"> <h3 class="block_announcements_article_headline"> <a href="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AIA/announcement/view/87"> AIA Published Volume 2, Issue 4 on October 28, 2024 </a> </h3> <time class="block_announcements_article_date" datetime="2024-10-28"> <strong>October 28, 2024</strong> </time> <div class="block_announcements_article_content"> <p>We are excited to announce that <em><strong>Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIA)</strong></em> published Volume 2 Issue 4 on October 28, 2024!</p> </div> </article> <a id="show-all" href="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AIA/announcement">Show all announcements ...</a> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_keyword_cloud"> <h2 class="title">Keywords</h2> <div class="content" id='wordcloud'></div> <script> function randomColor() { var cores = ['#1f77b4', '#ff7f0e', '#2ca02c', '#d62728', '#9467bd', '#8c564b', '#e377c2', '#7f7f7f', '#bcbd22', '#17becf']; return cores[Math.floor(Math.random()*cores.length)]; } document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { var keywords = [{"text":"text detection","size":1},{"text":"text recognition","size":1},{"text":"text spotting","size":1},{"text":"text classification","size":1},{"text":"scene text","size":1},{"text":"car number plate detection","size":1},{"text":"optical character recognition","size":1},{"text":"supervised machine learning","size":1},{"text":"distributed machine learning","size":1},{"text":"anomaly detection","size":1},{"text":"structural health monitoring","size":1},{"text":"vehicle-bridge collisions","size":1},{"text":"railway bridges","size":1},{"text":"classification model","size":1},{"text":"deep learning","size":1},{"text":"polyp detection","size":1},{"text":"cnn","size":1},{"text":"image classification","size":1},{"text":"colorectal disease","size":1},{"text":"alzheimer's disease","size":1},{"text":"intervention techniques","size":1},{"text":"conventional methods","size":1},{"text":"artificial intelligence","size":1},{"text":"cognitive stimulation","size":1},{"text":"reality orientation","size":1},{"text":"reminiscence therapy","size":1},{"text":"enemy identification","size":1},{"text":" text similarity","size":1},{"text":"sentence transformer models","size":1},{"text":"natural language processing","size":1},{"text":"machine learning","size":1},{"text":"hr demand","size":1},{"text":"business","size":1},{"text":"hr management","size":1},{"text":"m-knn algorithm","size":1},{"text":"origin tool","size":1},{"text":"soliton solutions","size":1},{"text":"modified benjamin-bona-mahony equation","size":1},{"text":"ostrovsky-benjamin-bona-mahony equation","size":1},{"text":"mikhailov-novikov-wang equation","size":1},{"text":"physics informed neural networks","size":1},{"text":"cancer prediction","size":1},{"text":"prostate cancer","size":1},{"text":"unsupervised learning","size":1},{"text":"intelligent system","size":1},{"text":"cybernetics","size":1},{"text":"decision support","size":1},{"text":"baby cry","size":1},{"text":"multiple instance learning","size":1},{"text":"audio classification","size":1}]; var totalWeight = 0; var blockWidth = 300; var blockHeight = 200; var transitionDuration = 200; var length_keywords = keywords.length; var layout = d3.layout.cloud(); layout.size([blockWidth, blockHeight]) .words(keywords) .fontSize(function(d) { return fontSize(+d.size); }) .on('end', draw); var svg = d3.select("#wordcloud").append("svg") .attr("viewBox", "0 0 " + blockWidth + " " + blockHeight) .attr("width", '100%'); function update() { var words = layout.words(); fontSize = d3.scaleLinear().range([16, 34]); if (words.length) { fontSize.domain([+words[words.length - 1].size || 1, +words[0].size]); } } keywords.forEach(function(item,index){totalWeight += item.size;}); update(); function draw(words, bounds) { var width = layout.size()[0], height = layout.size()[1]; scaling = bounds ? 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Let’s Have a Chat! A Conversation with ChatGPT: Technology, Applications, and Limitations | Artificial Intelligence and Applications