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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable Loyal Shawnee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Loyal_Shawnee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Shawnee Tribe</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">2,226<sup id="cite_ref-oia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_language" title="Shawnee language">Shawnee</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a>, traditional tribal religion</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">other <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> tribes and <a href="/wiki/Sac_and_Fox_Nation" title="Sac and Fox Nation">Sac and Fox</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Shawnee Tribe</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Federally_recognized_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally recognized tribes">federally recognized Native American tribe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>. Formerly known as the <b>Loyal Shawnee</b>, they are one of three federally recognized <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> tribes. The others are the <a href="/wiki/Absentee-Shawnee_Tribe_of_Indians_of_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma">Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shawnee_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma">Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The headquarters of the Shawnee Tribe is <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Oklahoma" title="Miami, Oklahoma">Miami, Oklahoma</a>. Currently, there are about 2,226 enrolled tribal members, with 1,070 of them living within the state of Oklahoma.<sup id="cite_ref-oia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ben Barnes is the current elected Chief.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, Ron Sparkman was the elected chairman, serving a four-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-oia_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_development">Economic development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shawnee Tribe issues its own tribal vehicle tags. They operate their own housing authority as well as a tribal smoke shop, the Shawnee Trails Gift Shop and Gallery, Shawnee Development LLC, and Shawnee Heritage Government Solutions.<sup id="cite_ref-ohs_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their annual economic impact is estimated by the Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commissions to be $3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-ohs_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shawnee Development LLC is an <a href="/wiki/Economic_development_corporation" title="Economic development corporation">economic development corporation</a> established in 2001, owned by the tribe but conducting business separately from the general government functions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Shawnee Journal</i> is a newspaper published by the tribe and distributed at no cost to all tribal members.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some traditional ceremonies, such as the Spring and Fall Bread Dance, the <a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Corn ceremony">Green Corn ceremony</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stomp_dance" title="Stomp dance">stomp dances</a> are still held. These take place in <a href="/wiki/White_Oak,_Oklahoma" title="White Oak, Oklahoma">White Oak, Oklahoma</a>. Some Shawnees are also members of the <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a> peyote ceremonies, with most attending in the winter outside of the traditional Shawnee ceremonial cycle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blouse,_Shawnee,_Oklahoma,_probably_late_19th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum,_Harvard_University_-_DSC05503.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Blouse%2C_Shawnee%2C_Oklahoma%2C_probably_late_19th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05503.JPG/220px-Blouse%2C_Shawnee%2C_Oklahoma%2C_probably_late_19th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05503.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Blouse%2C_Shawnee%2C_Oklahoma%2C_probably_late_19th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05503.JPG/330px-Blouse%2C_Shawnee%2C_Oklahoma%2C_probably_late_19th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05503.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Blouse%2C_Shawnee%2C_Oklahoma%2C_probably_late_19th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05503.JPG/440px-Blouse%2C_Shawnee%2C_Oklahoma%2C_probably_late_19th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05503.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>Shawnee woman's blouse with silver medallions, circa 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>), collection of the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Museum,_Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Museum, Harvard">Peabody Museum, Harvard</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The Shawnee Tribe is an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Woodlands_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Woodlands tribes">Eastern Woodland tribe</a>. They originally came from <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> and Pennsylvania, and were the last of the Shawnee to leave their traditional homelands there.<sup id="cite_ref-ohs_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 18th century, European American encroachment crowded Shawnee lands in the East, and one band migrated to Missouri — eventually becoming the Absentee Shawnee.<sup id="cite_ref-ohs_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three reservations were granted to the Shawnee in Ohio by the 1817 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Meigs" title="Treaty of Fort Meigs">Treaty of Fort Meigs</a>: Wapakoneta, Lewistown, and Hog Creek.<sup id="cite_ref-history_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act" title="Indian Removal Act">Indian Removal Act</a> of 1830 passed, another Shawnee band, which would become the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shawnee_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Shawnee Tribe">Eastern Shawnee Tribe</a> relocated to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> in July 1831. The final band, who would become the Shawnee Tribe, relocated to <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> in August 1831. Their Kansas lands were drastically reduced in 1854 and broken up into individual allotments in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-ohs_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> many of the Shawnee Tribe fought for the Union, which inspired the name, "Loyal Shawnee." Instead of receiving compensation or honors for their service, they returned to their Kansas lands, only to find much of it taken over by non-Indian <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Act">homesteaders</a>. Settlers were granted 130,000 acres (530 km<sup>2</sup>) of Shawnee land, while 70,000 acres (280 km<sup>2</sup>) remained to for the tribe, of which 20,000 acres (81 km<sup>2</sup>) were granted to the Absentee Shawnee.<sup id="cite_ref-ohs_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1861 Kansas became a state, and the White people of Kansas demanded that all Indian tribes must be removed from the state.<sup id="cite_ref-ohs_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Loyal Shawnee made an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee Nation (19th century)">Cherokee Nation</a> in 1869, allowing 722 to gain citizenship within the Cherokee tribe and receive allotments of Cherokee land. They predominantly settled in what is now <a href="/wiki/Craig_County,_Oklahoma" title="Craig County, Oklahoma">Craig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rogers_County,_Oklahoma" title="Rogers County, Oklahoma">Rogers County, Oklahoma</a>. They became known as the "Cherokee Shawnee,"<sup id="cite_ref-ohs_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily settling in the areas of Bird Creek (now known as <a href="/wiki/Sperry,_Oklahoma" title="Sperry, Oklahoma">Sperry</a>); Hudson Creek (now known as <a href="/wiki/Fairland,_Oklahoma" title="Fairland, Oklahoma">Fairland</a>); and <a href="/wiki/White_Oak,_Oklahoma" title="White Oak, Oklahoma">White Oak</a>. The Shawnee Reservation in Kansas was never legally dissolved and some Shawnee families still hold their allotment lands in Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-history_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in the 1980s, the Shawnee Tribe began an effort to regain their own tribal status, independent of the Cherokee Nation. Congress passed Public Law 106-568, the Shawnee Tribe Status Act of 2000, and the Shawnee Tribe was able to organize as their own autonomous, federally recognized tribe. James R. Squirrel was the initial Chairman and was recognized by the AARP in 2009, as being instrumental in the Shawnee Tribe being federally recognized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Loyal_Shawnee">Notable Loyal Shawnee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable Loyal Shawnee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heidi_BigKnife" title="Heidi BigKnife">Heidi BigKnife</a>, jeweler, silversmith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthe_Blalock_Jones" title="Ruthe Blalock Jones">Ruthe Blalock Jones</a>, painter, printmaker, and arts educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Chouteau" title="Yvonne Chouteau">Yvonne Chouteau</a>, prima ballerina.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Timmy Lee Jr, Texas Blues Rock guitarist.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bob_(Shawnee_chief)" title="Black Bob (Shawnee chief)">Black Bob</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oia_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/ref/collection/stgovpub/id/5215">2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.</a> <i>Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission.</i> 2011: 34. Retrieved 16 Jan 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shawnee-nsn.gov/address-forms/chief-ben-barnes">"Chief Ben Barnes - Shawnee Tribe"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 Feb</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chief+Ben+Barnes+-+Shawnee+Tribe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshawnee-nsn.gov%2Faddress-forms%2Fchief-ben-barnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShawnee+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nativeamericacalling.com/thursday-august-1-2024-thursday-august-1-2024-doi-report-on-boarding-schools-acknowledge-apologize-repudiate">"DOI report on boarding schools: "Acknowledge, Apologize, Repudiate"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOI+report+on+boarding+schools%3A+%22Acknowledge%2C+Apologize%2C+Repudiate%22&rft.date=2024-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnativeamericacalling.com%2Fthursday-august-1-2024-thursday-august-1-2024-doi-report-on-boarding-schools-acknowledge-apologize-repudiate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShawnee+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boardingschoolhealing.org/about-us/board-and-staff/chief-ben-barnes">"Chief Benjamin Barnes - The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chief+Benjamin+Barnes+-+The+National+Native+American+Boarding+School+Healing+Coalition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboardingschoolhealing.org%2Fabout-us%2Fboard-and-staff%2Fchief-ben-barnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShawnee+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawnee-tribe.com/Government.html">Government.</a> <i>The Official Website of the Shawnee Tribe.</i> (retrieved 16 Jan 2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohs-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohs_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohs_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohs_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohs_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohs_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohs_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohs_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohs_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Pamela A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SH019">"Shawnee Tribe (Loyal Shawnee)"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Oklahoma+History+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Shawnee+Tribe+%28Loyal+Shawnee%29&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Pamela+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.okhistory.org%2Fpublications%2Fenc%2Fentry.php%3Fentry%3DSH019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShawnee+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawnee-tribe.com/development_corp.htm">"Shawnee Tribal Development Corporation."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516221252/http://www.shawnee-tribe.com/development_corp.htm">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Shawnee Tribe</i>. (retrieved 6 February 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawnee-tribe.com/journal.htm">"The Shawnee Journal"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516210011/http://www.shawnee-tribe.com/journal.htm">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Shawnee Tribe</i>. (retrieved 6 February 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawnee-tribe.com/history.htm">The Shawnee in History.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516221142/http://www.shawnee-tribe.com/history.htm">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Official Website of the Shawnee Tribe.</i> (retrieved 6 Feb 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent" class="citation web cs1">Vincent, Melissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CH059">"Chouteau, Myra Yvonne (1929–2016 )"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Oklahoma+History+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Chouteau%2C+Myra+Yvonne+%281929%E2%80%932016+%29.&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.okhistory.org%2Fpublications%2Fenc%2Fentry.php%3Fentry%3DCH059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShawnee+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawnee-tribe.com/">Shawnee Tribe</a>, official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shawnee-tribe.org/fileadmin/user_upload/files/AMD.-CONSTITUTION-OF-THE-SHAWNEE-TRIBE-amended-2018.pdf">Constitution of the Shawnee Tribe</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_American_Tribes_in_Oklahoma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native American Tribes in Oklahoma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Oklahoma&#124;link=Oklahoma_Native_American_tribes_in_Oklahoma" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_tribes_in_Oklahoma" title="List of Native American tribes in Oklahoma">Native American tribes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federally recognized tribes">Federally<br />recognized<br />tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absentee_Shawnee_Tribe_of_Indians" title="Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians">Absentee Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama%E2%80%93Quassarte_Tribal_Town" title="Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town">Alabama-Quassarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Apache" title="Plains Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_and_Arapaho_Tribes" title="Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes">Cheyenne and Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation" title="Chickasaw Nation">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Nation_of_Oklahoma" title="Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Potawatomi_Nation" title="Citizen Potawatomi Nation">Citizen Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Nation" title="Delaware Nation">Delaware Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Tribe_of_Indians" title="Delaware Tribe of Indians">Delaware Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shawnee_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma">Eastern Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill_Apache_Tribe" title="Fort Sill Apache Tribe">Fort Sill Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaw_people" title="Kaw people">Kaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kialegee_Tribal_Town" title="Kialegee Tribal Town">Kialegee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma">Kickapoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Miami Tribe of Oklahoma">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_Nation" title="Modoc Nation">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee_Nation" title="Muscogee Nation">Muscogee (Creek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otoe%E2%80%93Missouria_Tribe_of_Indians" title="Otoe–Missouria Tribe of Indians">Otoe-Missouria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_people" title="Peoria people">Peoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponca_Tribe_of_Indians_of_Oklahoma" title="Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma">Ponca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quapaw" title="Quapaw">Quapaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_and_Fox_Nation" title="Sac and Fox Nation">Sac and Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Nation_of_Oklahoma" title="Seminole Nation of Oklahoma">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca%E2%80%93Cayuga_Nation" title="Seneca–Cayuga Nation">Seneca-Cayuga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thlopthlocco_Tribal_Town" title="Thlopthlocco Tribal Town">Thlopthlocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Keetoowah_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians">United Keetoowah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_Nation" title="Wyandotte Nation">Wyandotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Tribal languages</a><br />(still spoken)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_language" title="Alabama language">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho_language" title="Arapaho language">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_language" title="Caddo language">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_language" title="Cayuga language">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_language" title="Cheyenne language">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_language" title="Chickasaw language">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiwere_language" title="Chiwere language">Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche_language" title="Comanche language">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_languages" title="Delaware languages">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koasati_language" title="Koasati language">Koasati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikasuki_language" title="Mikasuki language">Hitchiti-Mikasuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mescalero-Chiricahua_language" title="Mescalero-Chiricahua language">Mescalero-Chiricahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language" title="Fox language">Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee_language" title="Muscogee language">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_language" title="Osage language">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_dialect" title="Ottawa dialect">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_language" title="Pawnee language">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha%E2%80%93Ponca_language" title="Omaha–Ponca language">Ponca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_language" title="Potawatomi language">Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quapaw" title="Quapaw">Quapaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_language" title="Seneca language">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_language" title="Shawnee language">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_language" title="Wichita language">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_language" title="Wyandot language">Wyandot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_language" title="Yuchi language">Yuchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&oldid=1259660372">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shawnee_Tribe&oldid=1259660372</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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