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Climate Change and Its Effects on Vector-Borne Diseases – Infectious Diseases
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class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-93" class="post-93 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-vector-borne-diseases tag-anopheles-mosquitoes tag-chikungunya tag-climate-change tag-climate-change-effects tag-dengue tag-diseases tag-lyme-disease tag-malaria tag-vector-borne-diseases tag-zika-virus" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://infect.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/image-_31_-min-scaled-e1727174517355.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Climate Change and Its Effects on Vector-Borne Diseases</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-24T16:12:03+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 24, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://infect.blog/archive/author/infect/" title="View all posts by infect" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">infect</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <h3><b>Introduction</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Climate change has been emerging as a multivariable global challenge affecting the environment, ecosystems, and human health. Among the most important but least thought-about effects are those felt in spreading vector-borne diseases. Some diseases include malaria, dengue, Zika virus, and Lyme disease, among many others. These vectors undergo habit and life-cycle changes as a consequence of climate change in temperature and precipitation, which in turn may affect the dynamics of disease transmission. This paper tries to delve into the present knowledge on the link between climate change and the spread of vector-borne diseases, together with ways in which climate variables’ alterations act as driving forces for these new health threats.</span></p> <h3><b>Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases: An Overview</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods. Mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies are the most common vectors. Vectors live under specific environmental conditions, with their biology in all its aspects, such as survival, reproduction, and biting behavior, very tightly linked to climatic variables like temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Thus, changes in climate have direct impacts on vector distribution and abundance, modulating the spread of diseases they carry.</span></p> <h3><b>Temperature and Vector-Borne Diseases</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Temperature is one of the most important factors in vector development. Increased temperatures can raise the development rate of vector larvae, reduce the incubation period of pathogens within a vector, and raise the biting rate of adult vectors. For instance, the incubation period of the malaria parasite Plasmodium in Anopheles vectors is dependent on temperature, whereby high temperatures shorten the period of development and increase the potential for transmission. Likewise, the transmission dynamics of the dengue virus by Aedes mosquitoes depend on temperature, with warm conditions enhancing vector competence.</span></p> <h3><b>Precipitation Patterns and Vector Habitats</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Precipitation patterns are also an important determinant in vector ecology. While increased rainfall might fill up natural and artificial water containers, hence providing more breeding sites for mosquitoes, excessive rainfall would wash away the larvae, thereby reducing mosquito populations for some time. On the other hand, some vector species proliferation is facilitated during drought conditions in stagnant water sources. For example, the Aedes mosquito, a vector for dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, is highly adaptive to urban environments that collect containers around residential areas and collect rainwater; this therefore makes precipitation pattern change a major driver of disease spread.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://infect.blog/publication-trends/index/vector borne diseases" target="_blank" title="vector borne diseases - yearwise publication trends">vector borne diseases</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 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Rising temperatures create the ideal environment for the vectors to expand their territory into previously unsuitable areas, exposing new populations to vector-borne diseases. For instance, the Aedes mosquito, which is a vector for malaria and other dangerous illnesses that was formerly restricted to tropical and subtropical regions, has now been spotted in temperate zones, for example, parts of Europe and North America, because of rising temperatures. Ticks bearing Lyme disease expanded their host range northwards both in North America and Europe; this extension paralleled warmer winters and longer growing seasons.</span></p> <h3><b>Case Studies: Malaria and Dengue</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The two most significant climate change-associated vector-borne diseases are malaria and dengue. Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a major public health concern in many parts of the world, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Climate change enhances the transmission of malaria by creating a more favorable environment for the mosquito breeding process and extending the potential period for transmission. Higher temperatures and altered rainfall patterns create an environment that is optimal for the proliferation of Anopheles mosquitoes in hitherto malaria-free areas, therefore causing new challenges for control and prevention.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another climate-sensitive disease is dengue, which is caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Higher temperatures raise the replication of the virus in mosquitoes, increasing the frequency of mosquito feeding and promoting the geographic spread of Aedes vectors. Urbanization, change in land use, and climate change are probable causes for resurgence and spread in large parts of the world, especially in areas that have not seen dengue fever before.</span></p> <h3><b>Vector-Borne Diseases and Socioeconomic Factors</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although climate change may have an effect on the pattern of vector-borne diseases, it is certainly not independent of socioeconomic factors. Generally, low-income regions have more vulnerable populations to the impacts of climate change because of limited health infrastructure and access, weak systems, and lower capacity for prevention and control. In such populations, changes in the distribution and behavior of vectors may mean that people are exposed to increased vector-borne pathogens.</span></p> <h3><b>Public Health Implications and Response Strategies</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The changing climate is mainly responsible for the rising spread of vector-borne diseases, posing a big challenge to public health systems across the world. Response strategies to this effect need to be framed within a multi-faceted approach: strengthening vector surveillance, enhancing early warning systems, and implementing integrated vector management programs. Public health initiatives must also address the basic socio-economic factors that generally exacerbate vulnerability to vector-borne diseases.</span></p> <h3><b>Vector Surveillance and Early Warning Systems</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This will require the strengthening of vector surveillance to monitor changes in vector populations and patterns of disease transmission. Climate-based early warning systems can make forecasts of outbreaks with epidemiological data and provide timely interventions. Remote sensing technology and geographic information systems are excellent tools for mapping vector habitats and identifying areas at risk of disease transmission.</span></p> <h3><b>Integrated Vector Management</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">IVM is an integrated approach that combines several measures to keep the vector population under control, thereby reducing the transmission of diseases. It addresses environmental management, biological control, chemical control, and community engagement. From an ecological and social perspective, in addressing the causes of change in the pattern of vector-borne diseases due to climate change, IVM offers an effective and long-lasting measure.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://infect.blog/recent-publications/index/vector borne diseases" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="vector borne diseases - yearwise publication list">vector borne diseases</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; 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publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://infect.blog/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "A hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian model for vector-borne diseases.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38890206", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Evaluating the long-term impact of COVID-19-associated public health interventions on zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in China: an interrupted time series analysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38245788", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "[While the priest climbs a post, the devil climbs ten: major biological threats from parasite and vector to malaria control and elimination].", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38952306", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Prevalence and transmission of the most relevant zoonotic and vector-borne pathogens in the Yucatan peninsula: A review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38959260", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Youth\\\\\\'s climate consciousness: unraveling the Dengue-climate connection in Bangladesh.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38932778", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Extreme resistance to S-methoprene in field-collected Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) across the Chicago, IL region.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39097646", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Smart technology for mosquito control: Recent developments, challenges, and future prospects.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39098749", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Bloodmeals fuel dengue virus replication in the female mosquito .", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38888345", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Spatiotemporal patterns of Lyme disease in North Carolina: 2010-2020.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38883560", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis and Tsutsugamushi Disease Recorded in 313.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38686644", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Using UAV Images and Deep Learning in Investigating Potential Breeding Sites of Aedes albopictus.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38688444", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Transgene removal using an in cis programmed homing endonuclease via single-strand annealing in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38811748", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Molecular cloning, identification, transcriptional analysis, and silencing of enolase on the life cycle of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari, Ixodidae) tick.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38835263", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Synthesizing environmental, epidemiological and vector and parasite genetic data to assist decision making for disease elimination.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38683054", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The Role of the School Nurse in Addressing Climate-Associated Illnesses: Vector-Borne Diseases.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38665044", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Current evidence of the economic value of One Health initiatives: A systematic literature review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38770400", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "MGDrivE 3: A decoupled vector-human framework for epidemiological simulation of mosquito genetic control tools and their surveillance.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38805562", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Using image segmentation models to analyse high-resolution earth observation data: new tools to monitor disease risks in changing environments.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38764024", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Status of vector protection measures and awareness regarding vector borne diseases in families residing in a Nirmal Gram Puraskar village in India.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38712708", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Discovery of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Broad-Spectrum Antiparasitic Agents.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38717116", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["climate change","vector-borne diseases","mosquitoes","ticks","malaria","dengue","vector surveillance","public health","integrated vector management","epidemiology"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>Research and innovation</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Further research and development in understanding the complex interactions of climate change with vector-borne diseases would have to be continued. Next-generation genomics, epidemiology, and climate science can provide insight into the mechanisms of disease transmission and guide the development of novel tools and strategies for disease control. The bringing together of the scientific community, professionals in public health, and policymakers is very important for translating results into practices.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This means climate change is altering the face of vector-borne diseases, offering new challenges and threats to health across the world. Climatic factors are in a complex relationship with the ecology of the vectors of disease, hence requiring a comprehensive and adaptive approach toward the control and prevention of diseases. Climate data integrated with public health strategies, combined with innovative vector surveillance and control measures, may reduce the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases and protect vulnerable populations around the world. The need to act in this regard is paramount, as millions are banking on our ability to adapt and respond to a changing climate.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Ortiz, D.I., Piche-Ovares, M., Romero-Vega, L.M., Wagman, J. and Troyo, A., 2021. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/20">The impact of deforestation, urbanization, and changing land use patterns on the ecology of mosquito and tick-borne diseases in Central America.</a> <i>Insects</i>, <i>13</i>(1), p.20.</li> <li>Parham, P.E., Waldock, J., Christophides, G.K., Hemming, D., Agusto, F., Evans, K.J., Fefferman, N., Gaff, H., Gumel, A., LaDeau, S. and Lenhart, S., 2015. <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2013.0551">Climate, environmental and socio-economic change: weighing up the balance in vector-borne disease transmission.</a> <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, <i>370</i>(1665), p.20130551.</li> <li>Campbell-Lendrum, D., Manga, L., Bagayoko, M. and Sommerfeld, J., 2015. <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2013.0552">Climate change and vector-borne diseases: what are the implications for public health research and policy?.</a> <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, <i>370</i>(1665), p.20130552.</li> <li>Semenza, J.C. and Zeller, H., 2014. <a href="https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.13.20757?crawler=true">Integrated surveillance for prevention and control of emerging vector-borne diseases in Europe.</a> <i>Eurosurveillance</i>, <i>19</i>(13), p.20757.</li> <li>Hristovski, M., Cvetkovik, A., Cvetkovik, I. and Dukoska, V., 2010. <a href="http://chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.mjms.mk/Online/MJMS_2010_3_3/MJMS.1857-5773.2010-0131.pdf">Concept of one health-a new professional imperative</a>.</li> <li>Brogdon, W.G. and McAllister, J.C., 1998. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2640263/">Insecticide resistance and vector control.</a> <i>Emerging infectious diseases</i>, <i>4</i>(4), p.605.</li> <li>Walsh, J.F., Molyneux, D.H. and Birley, M.H., 1993. <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/deforestation-effects-on-vectorborne-disease/53AFB659C1A8EB38C95E8BA139F10E8C">Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease.</a> <i>Parasitology</i>, <i>106</i>(S1), pp.S55-S75.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">vector borne diseases</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://infect.blog/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; 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