About FCM messages | Firebase Cloud Messaging

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href="https://firebase.google.com/community/events" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/community/events" track-metadata-position="nav - community" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Events </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/community/stories" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/community/stories" track-metadata-position="nav - community" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Stories </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> <tab > <a href="https://firebase.google.com/support" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/support" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - support" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Support" track-name="support" > Support </a> </tab> </nav> </devsite-tabs> </div> <devsite-search enable-signin enable-search enable-suggestions enable-query-completion project-name="Firebase Cloud Messaging" tenant-name="Firebase" > <form class="devsite-search-form" action="https://firebase.google.com/s/results" method="GET"> <div class="devsite-search-container"> <button type="button" search-open class="devsite-search-button devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Open search"></button> <div class="devsite-searchbox"> <input aria-activedescendant="" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-label="Search" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" autocomplete="off" class="devsite-search-field devsite-search-query" name="q" placeholder="Search" role="combobox" type="text" value="" > <div class="devsite-search-image material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="devsite-search-shortcut-icon-container" aria-hidden="true"> <kbd class="devsite-search-shortcut-icon">/</kbd> </div> </div> </div> </form> <button type="button" search-close class="devsite-search-button devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Close search"></button> </devsite-search> </div> <devsite-appearance-selector></devsite-appearance-selector> <devsite-language-selector> <ul role="presentation"> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="en" >English</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="de" >Deutsch</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="es" >Español</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="es_419" >Español – América Latina</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="fr" >Français</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="id" >Indonesia</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="it" >Italiano</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="pl" >Polski</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="pt" >Português</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="pt_br" >Português – Brasil</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="vi" >Tiếng Việt</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="tr" >Türkçe</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ru" >Русский</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="he" >עברית</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ar" >العربيّة</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="fa" >فارسی</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="hi" >हिंदी</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="bn" >বাংলা</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="th" >ภาษาไทย</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="zh_cn" >中文 – 简体</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="zh_tw" >中文 – 繁體</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ja" >日本語</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ko" >한국어</a> </li> </ul> </devsite-language-selector> <a class="devsite-header-link devsite-top-button button gc-analytics-event" href="//console.firebase.google.com" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Site header link" > Go to console </a> <devsite-user enable-profiles fp-auth id="devsite-user"> <span class="button devsite-top-button" aria-hidden="true" visually-hidden>Sign in</span> </devsite-user> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-collapsible-section "> <div class="devsite-header-background"> <div class="devsite-product-id-row" > <div class="devsite-product-description-row"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Lower header breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Lower Header" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Firebase Documentation" > Documentation </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Lower Header" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="Firebase Cloud Messaging" > FCM </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-doc-set-nav-row"> <devsite-tabs class="lower-tabs"> <nav class="devsite-tabs-wrapper" aria-label="Lower tabs"> <tab > <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - overview" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Overview" track-name="overview" > Overview </a> </tab> <tab class="devsite-dropdown "> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/guides" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/guides" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Fundamentals" track-name="fundamentals" > Fundamentals </a> <a href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Dropdown menu for Fundamentals" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/guides" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Fundamentals" track-name="fundamentals" class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-toggle devsite-icon devsite-icon-arrow-drop-down"></a> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" aria-label="submenu" hidden> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/ios/setup" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/ios/setup" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Add Firebase - Apple platforms (iOS+) </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/android/setup" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/android/setup" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Add Firebase - Android </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Add Firebase - Web </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Add Firebase - Flutter </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/cpp/setup" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/cpp/setup" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Add Firebase - C++ </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/unity/setup" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/unity/setup" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Add Firebase - Unity </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/admin/setup" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/admin/setup" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Add Firebase - Server environments </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/learn-more" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/projects/learn-more" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Manage Firebase projects </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/libraries" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/libraries" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Supported platforms & frameworks </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Use Emulator Suite </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/gemini-in-firebase" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/gemini-in-firebase" track-metadata-position="nav - fundamentals" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> AI assistance with Gemini in Firebase </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> <tab class="devsite-dropdown "> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/build" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/build" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Build" track-name="build" > Build </a> <a href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Dropdown menu for Build" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/build" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Build" track-name="build" class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-toggle devsite-icon devsite-icon-arrow-drop-down"></a> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" aria-label="submenu" hidden> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/emulator-suite" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Emulator Suite </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Authentication </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-check" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-check" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> App Check </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/data-connect" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/data-connect" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Data Connect </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Firestore </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/database" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/database" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Realtime Database </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Storage </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/rules" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Security Rules </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-hosting" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-hosting" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> App Hosting </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Hosting </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud Functions </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/extensions" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/extensions" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Extensions </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/vertex-ai" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/vertex-ai" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Vertex AI in Firebase </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/genkit" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/genkit" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Genkit </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/ml" track-metadata-position="nav - build" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> ML </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> <tab class="devsite-dropdown devsite-active "> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/run" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/run" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="primary nav" aria-label="Run, selected" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Run" track-name="run" > Run </a> <a href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Dropdown menu for Run" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/run" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Run" track-name="run" class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-toggle devsite-icon devsite-icon-arrow-drop-down"></a> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" aria-label="submenu" hidden> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/test-lab" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Test Lab </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/app-distribution" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> App Distribution </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Crashlytics </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/perf-mon" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Performance Monitoring </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/remote-config" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Remote Config </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/ab-testing" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/ab-testing" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> A/B Testing </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/analytics" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Analytics </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud Messaging </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/in-app-messaging" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/in-app-messaging" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> In-App Messaging </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/dynamic-links" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Dynamic Links </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/admob" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Google AdMob </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/ads" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/ads" track-metadata-position="nav - run" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" tooltip > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Google Ads </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> <tab > <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - reference" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Reference" track-name="reference" > Reference </a> </tab> <tab > <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/samples" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://firebase.google.com/docs/samples" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - samples" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Samples" track-name="samples" > Samples </a> </tab> </nav> </devsite-tabs> </div> </div> </div> </div> </devsite-header> <devsite-book-nav scrollbars > <div class="devsite-book-nav-filter" > <span class="filter-list-icon material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></span> <input type="text" placeholder="Filter" aria-label="Type to filter" role="searchbox"> <span class="filter-clear-button hidden" data-title="Clear filter" aria-label="Clear filter" role="button" tabindex="0"></span> </div> <nav class="devsite-book-nav devsite-nav nocontent" aria-label="Side menu"> <div class="devsite-mobile-header"> <button type="button" id="devsite-close-nav" class="devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Close navigation" aria-label="Close navigation"> </button> <div class="devsite-product-name-wrapper"> <a href="/" class="devsite-site-logo-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Site logo" track-type="globalNav" track-name="firebase" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventDetail="nav"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/firebase/images/lockup.svg" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" class="devsite-dark-theme" alt="Firebase"> <img src="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/firebase/images/lockup.svg" class="devsite-site-logo" alt="Firebase"> </picture> </a> <span class="devsite-product-name"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" > <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> </li> </ul> </span> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-book-nav-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-top"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products-build" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Build" track-name="build" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Build" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Build" track-name="build" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Build"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Build"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products-run" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Run" track-name="run" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Run" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Run </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Run" track-name="run" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Run"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Run"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/solutions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Solutions" track-name="solutions" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Solutions" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Solutions </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/pricing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Pricing" track-name="pricing" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Pricing" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Pricing </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Docs" track-name="docs" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Docs" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Docs </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Docs" track-name="docs" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Docs"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Docs"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Overview" track-name="overview" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/guides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Fundamentals" track-name="fundamentals" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Fundamentals" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Fundamentals </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu devsite-lower-tab-item"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Fundamentals" track-name="fundamentals" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Fundamentals"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Fundamentals"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/build" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Build" track-name="build" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Build" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu devsite-lower-tab-item"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Build" track-name="build" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Build"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Build"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/run" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Run" track-name="run" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Run" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="_book"> Run </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="_book"> </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu devsite-lower-tab-item"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Run" track-name="run" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Run"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Run"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/reference" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Reference" track-name="reference" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Reference" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Reference </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/samples" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Samples" track-name="samples" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Samples" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Samples </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/community" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Community" track-name="community" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Community" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Community </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Community" track-name="community" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Community"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Community"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/support" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Support" track-name="support" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Support" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Support </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="//console.firebase.google.com" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Go to console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Go to console </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/run" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/run" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/run" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Release</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test Lab</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/flutter/integration-testing-with-flutter" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/flutter/integration-testing-with-flutter" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/flutter/integration-testing-with-flutter" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integration testing with Flutter</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS+</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/robo-ux-test" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/robo-ux-test" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/robo-ux-test" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Robo test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/run-robo-scripts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/run-robo-scripts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/run-robo-scripts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Robo script</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/run-game-loop-test" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/run-game-loop-test" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/run-game-loop-test" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Game Loop test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/run-xctest" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/run-xctest" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/run-xctest" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run an XCTest</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/firebase-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/firebase-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/firebase-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with the Firebase console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/command-line" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/command-line" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/command-line" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with the gcloud CLI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/available-testing-devices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/available-testing-devices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/available-testing-devices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test on available devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/ios/analyzing-results" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/ios/analyzing-results" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/ios/analyzing-results" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze test results</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/instrumentation-test" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/instrumentation-test" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/instrumentation-test" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run an instrumentation test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/robo-ux-test" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/robo-ux-test" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/robo-ux-test" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Robo test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/run-robo-scripts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/run-robo-scripts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/run-robo-scripts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Robo script</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/game-loop" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/game-loop" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/game-loop" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a Game Loop test</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/firebase-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/firebase-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/firebase-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with the Firebase console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/command-line" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/command-line" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/command-line" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with the gcloud CLI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/android-studio" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/android-studio" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/android-studio" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with Android Studio</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/available-testing-devices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/available-testing-devices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/available-testing-devices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test on available devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/avds" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/avds" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/avds" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with virtual devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/analyzing-results" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/analyzing-results" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/analyzing-results" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze test results</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/test-lab/usage-quotas-pricing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/usage-quotas-pricing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/usage-quotas-pricing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Usage, quotas, & pricing</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/continuous" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/continuous" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/continuous" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with CI systems</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/extend-with-functions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/extend-with-functions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/android-device-streaming" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/android-device-streaming" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/android-device-streaming" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test with Android Device Streaming</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reference</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/robo-scripts-reference" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/robo-scripts-reference" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/robo-scripts-reference" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Robo scripts reference guide</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>REST API reference</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/reference/testing/rest" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/reference/testing/rest" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/reference/testing/rest" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Testing (submit test & monitor)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/reference/toolresults/rest" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/reference/toolresults/rest" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/reference/toolresults/rest" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>ToolResults (retrieve results)</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/test-lab/android/iam-permissions-reference" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/android/iam-permissions-reference" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/android/iam-permissions-reference" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test Lab IAM permissions reference guide</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-break"></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/test-lab/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/test-lab/troubleshooting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/test-lab/troubleshooting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting & FAQ</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App Distribution</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distribute iOS apps</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Firebase console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-cli" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-cli" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-cli" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Firebase CLI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-fastlane" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-fastlane" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/ios/distribute-fastlane" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use fastlane</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distribute Android apps</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Firebase console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-cli" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-cli" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-cli" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use the Firebase CLI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-fastlane" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-fastlane" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-fastlane" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use fastlane</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-gradle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-gradle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/android/distribute-gradle" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Gradle</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/android-automated-tester" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/android-automated-tester" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/android-automated-tester" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Automated tester</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage testers</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/add-remove-search-testers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/add-remove-search-testers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/add-remove-search-testers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add, remove, and search for testers</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/import-testers-csv-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/import-testers-csv-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/import-testers-csv-files" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import testers from CSV files</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/register-additional-devices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/register-additional-devices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/register-additional-devices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Register additional iOS devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/create-invite-links" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/create-invite-links" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/create-invite-links" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create invite links</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install & test apps</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/get-set-up-as-a-tester" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/get-set-up-as-a-tester" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/get-set-up-as-a-tester" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get set up as a tester</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/collect-feedback-from-testers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/collect-feedback-from-testers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/collect-feedback-from-testers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Collect feedback from testers</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/set-up-alerts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/set-up-alerts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/set-up-alerts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Notify testers about new builds</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solutions</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/best-practices-distributing-apple-apps-to-qa-testers-with-ci-cd-fastlane" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/best-practices-distributing-apple-apps-to-qa-testers-with-ci-cd-fastlane" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/best-practices-distributing-apple-apps-to-qa-testers-with-ci-cd-fastlane" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for distributing Apple apps to QA testers using CI/CD and fastlane</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/best-practices-distributing-android-apps-to-qa-testers-with-ci-cd" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/best-practices-distributing-android-apps-to-qa-testers-with-ci-cd" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/best-practices-distributing-android-apps-to-qa-testers-with-ci-cd" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for distributing Android apps to QA testers using CI/CD</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-break"></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/app-distribution/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-distribution/troubleshooting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-distribution/troubleshooting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting & FAQ</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Crashlytics</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/ndk-reports" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/ndk-reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/ndk-reports" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get Android NDK crash reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/test-implementation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/test-implementation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/test-implementation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your implementation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/get-deobfuscated-reports" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/get-deobfuscated-reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/get-deobfuscated-reports" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get readable crash reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/customize-crash-reports" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/customize-crash-reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/customize-crash-reports" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize crash reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/crash-free-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/crash-free-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/crash-free-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand crash-free metrics</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/integrate-with-google-play" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/integrate-with-google-play" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/integrate-with-google-play" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Filter events by Play track</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/debug-anr-errors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/debug-anr-errors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/debug-anr-errors" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug ANR errors in Android app</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/release/release-monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/release/release-monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/release/release-monitoring" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor your latest release</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/velocity-alerts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/velocity-alerts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/velocity-alerts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize velocity alerts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/ai-assistance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/ai-assistance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/ai-assistance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get AI assistance</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/bigquery-export" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/bigquery-export" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/bigquery-export" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export data to BigQuery</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/upgrade-to-crashlytics-gradle-plugin-v3" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/upgrade-to-crashlytics-gradle-plugin-v3" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/upgrade-to-crashlytics-gradle-plugin-v3" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upgrade to Gradle plugin v3</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/crashlytics/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/crashlytics/troubleshooting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/crashlytics/troubleshooting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting & FAQ for setup</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance Monitoring</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/get-started-ios" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/get-started-ios" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/get-started-ios" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS+</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/get-started-android" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/get-started-android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/get-started-android" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/get-started-web" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/get-started-web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/get-started-web" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/flutter/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/flutter/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/flutter/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Flutter</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Learn about automatically collected data</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/app-start-foreground-background-traces" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/app-start-foreground-background-traces" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/app-start-foreground-background-traces" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App start, foreground, background (iOS+ & Android)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/screen-traces" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/screen-traces" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/screen-traces" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Screen rendering (iOS+ & Android)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/page-load-traces" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/page-load-traces" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/page-load-traces" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Page loading (web)</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/network-traces" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/network-traces" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/network-traces" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>HTTP/S network requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize data collection and aggregation</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/custom-code-traces" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/custom-code-traces" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/custom-code-traces" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add monitoring for specific code</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/custom-network-traces" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/custom-network-traces" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/custom-network-traces" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add monitoring for specific network requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/custom-url-patterns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/custom-url-patterns" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/custom-url-patterns" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize network request data aggregation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/disable-sdk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/disable-sdk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/disable-sdk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disable Performance Monitoring</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Track, view, and filter data</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview of the console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/attributes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/attributes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/attributes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Filter data using attributes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/alerts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/alerts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/alerts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up alerts for performance issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/bigquery-export" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/bigquery-export" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/bigquery-export" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export data to BigQuery</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-break"></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/perf-mon/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/perf-mon/troubleshooting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/perf-mon/troubleshooting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting & FAQ</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Iterate</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Remote Config</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/real-time" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/real-time" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/real-time" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand real-time Remote Config</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/use-cases" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/use-cases" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Explore use cases</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/parameters" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/parameters" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/parameters" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand parameters and conditions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage Remote Config templates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/automate-rc" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/automate-rc" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/automate-rc" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify Remote Config programmatically</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/loading" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/loading" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/loading" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Explore loading strategies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/config-analytics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/config-analytics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/config-analytics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Remote Config with Analytics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/extend-with-functions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/extend-with-functions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/case-studies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/case-studies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/case-studies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case studies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-preview"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rollouts</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/rollouts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/rollouts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/rollouts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/rollouts/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/rollouts/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/rollouts/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/rollouts/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/rollouts/about" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/rollouts/about" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Remote Config rollouts</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-beta"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Personalization</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/personalization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/personalization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/personalization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/personalization/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/personalization/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/personalization/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/personalization/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/personalization/about" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/personalization/about" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Remote Config personalization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/personalization/use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/personalization/use-cases" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/personalization/use-cases" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Explore use cases</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/personalization/bigquery" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/personalization/bigquery" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/personalization/bigquery" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export to BigQuery</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/personalization/csindex" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/personalization/csindex" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/personalization/csindex" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case studies</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-preview"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Server environments</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Remote Config in server environments</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solutions</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/solution-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/solution-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/solution-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use server-side Remote Config with Cloud Functions and Vertex AI</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/remote-config/solutions/vertexai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/solutions/vertexai" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/solutions/vertexai" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Dynamically update your Vertex AI in Firebase app with Remote Config</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API reference</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/reference/remote-config/rest" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/reference/remote-config/rest" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/reference/remote-config/rest" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>REST API reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/remote-config/condition-reference" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/remote-config/condition-reference" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/remote-config/condition-reference" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Conditional expression reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/remoteconfig/package-summary" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/remoteconfig/package-summary" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/remoteconfig/package-summary" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android SDK reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/reference/swift/firebaseremoteconfig/api/reference/Classes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/reference/swift/firebaseremoteconfig/api/reference/Classes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/reference/swift/firebaseremoteconfig/api/reference/Classes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Swift SDK reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/reference/ios/firebasecore/api/reference/Classes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/reference/ios/firebasecore/api/reference/Classes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/reference/ios/firebasecore/api/reference/Classes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Obj-C SDK reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/firebase_remote_config/latest/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://pub.dev/documentation/firebase_remote_config/latest/" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://pub.dev/documentation/firebase_remote_config/latest/" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Flutter reference</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/reference/unity/namespace/firebase/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/reference/unity/namespace/firebase/remote-config" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/reference/unity/namespace/firebase/remote-config" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/reference/cpp/namespace/firebase/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/reference/cpp/namespace/firebase/remote-config" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/reference/cpp/namespace/firebase/remote-config" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++ reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/reference/js/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/reference/js/remote-config" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/reference/js/remote-config" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web modular reference</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/reference/js/v8/firebase.remoteconfig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/reference/js/v8/firebase.remoteconfig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/reference/js/v8/firebase.remoteconfig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web namespaced reference</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion devsite-nav-beta"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>A/B Testing</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/ab-testing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/ab-testing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/ab-testing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/ab-testing/ab-concepts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/ab-testing/ab-concepts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/ab-testing/ab-concepts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Firebase A/B tests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/ab-testing/abtest-config" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/ab-testing/abtest-config" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/ab-testing/abtest-config" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Remote Config Experiments with A/B Testing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/ab-testing/abtest-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/ab-testing/abtest-with-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/ab-testing/abtest-with-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Messaging Experiments with A/B Testing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/ab-testing/abtest-inappmessaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/ab-testing/abtest-inappmessaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/ab-testing/abtest-inappmessaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create In-App Messaging Experiments with A/B Testing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/ab-testing/bigquery" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/ab-testing/bigquery" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/ab-testing/bigquery" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export to BigQuery</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/ab-testing/case-studies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/ab-testing/case-studies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/ab-testing/case-studies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case studies</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Engage</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analytics</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/reports" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/reports" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand your reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/events" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/events" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/events" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Log events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/user-properties" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/user-properties" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/user-properties" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set user properties</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/debugview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/debugview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/debugview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/screenviews" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/screenviews" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/screenviews" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure screenviews</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/userid" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/userid" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/userid" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set a user ID</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/measure-ecommerce" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/measure-ecommerce" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/measure-ecommerce" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure ecommerce</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/measure-ad-revenue" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/measure-ad-revenue" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/measure-ad-revenue" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure ad revenue</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/measure-in-app-purchases" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/measure-in-app-purchases" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/measure-in-app-purchases" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure in-app purchases</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/webview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/webview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/webview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use in a WebView</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/extend-with-functions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/extend-with-functions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/extend-with-functions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend with Cloud Functions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/configure-data-collection" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/configure-data-collection" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/configure-data-collection" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure data collection and usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/errors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/errors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/errors" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Error codes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/cpp/start" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/cpp/start" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/cpp/start" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/cpp/events" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/cpp/events" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/cpp/events" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Log events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/cpp/properties" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/cpp/properties" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/cpp/properties" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set user properties</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/unity/start" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/unity/start" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/unity/start" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/unity/events" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/unity/events" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/unity/events" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Log events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/analytics/unity/properties" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/analytics/unity/properties" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/analytics/unity/properties" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set user properties</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud Messaging</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate to the HTTP v1 API</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Concepts and best practices</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/fcm-architecture" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/fcm-architecture" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/fcm-architecture" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>FCM Architectural Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About FCM messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/understand-delivery" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/understand-delivery" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/understand-delivery" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understanding message delivery</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/scale-fcm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/scale-fcm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/scale-fcm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages at scale</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/manage-tokens" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/manage-tokens" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/manage-tokens" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage FCM registration tokens</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ai-insights" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ai-insights" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ai-insights" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get AI insights for messaging campaigns</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS+</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/client" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/client" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/client" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up an Apple platforms client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/first-message" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/first-message" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/first-message" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send a test message</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-multiple" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-multiple" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-multiple" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to multiple devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send an image in the notification payload</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-new"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/live-activity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/live-activity" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/live-activity" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started with Live Activity</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="new" data-title="New!" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/topic-messaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/topic-messaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/device-group" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/device-group" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-with-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/ios/send-with-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/client" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/client" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/client" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up an Android client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/first-message" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/first-message" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/first-message" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send a test message</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-multiple" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-multiple" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-multiple" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to multiple devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send an image in the notification payload</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/message-priority" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/message-priority" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/message-priority" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set and manage message priority</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/topic-messaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/device-group" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/device-group" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/upstream" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/upstream" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/upstream" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send upstream messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-with-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-with-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Flutter</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/client" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/client" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/client" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a Flutter client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/first-message" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/first-message" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/first-message" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send a test message</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/topic-messaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/flutter/topic-messaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Subscribe to topics</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/client" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/client" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/client" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a C++ client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/topic-messaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/topic-messaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/device-group" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/device-group" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/send-with-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/cpp/send-with-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/client" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/unity/client" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/client" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a Unity client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/unity/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/unity/topic-messaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/topic-messaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/unity/device-group" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/device-group" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/upstream" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/unity/upstream" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/upstream" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send upstream messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/unity/send-with-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/unity/send-with-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web (JavaScript)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/client" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/js/client" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/client" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a JavaScript client</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/first-message" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/js/first-message" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/first-message" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send a test message</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-multiple" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-multiple" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-multiple" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to multiple devices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/js/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/topic-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/js/topic-messaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/topic-messaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages to topics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/device-group" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/js/device-group" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/device-group" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send to device groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-with-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-with-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/js/send-with-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send messages with the Firebase Console</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Server environments</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Your server environment and FCM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate to the HTTP v1 API</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/auth-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/auth-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/auth-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authorize send requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/send-message" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/send-message" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/send-message" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build send requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/receive-upstream" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/receive-upstream" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/receive-upstream" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive upstream messages</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/manage-topics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/cloud-messaging/manage-topics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/cloud-messaging/manage-topics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage topics from the server</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion devsite-nav-beta"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>In-App Messaging</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/in-app-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/in-app-messaging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/in-app-messaging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/in-app-messaging/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/in-app-messaging/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/in-app-messaging/get-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/in-app-messaging/explore-use-cases" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/in-app-messaging/explore-use-cases" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/in-app-messaging/explore-use-cases" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Explore use cases</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/in-app-messaging/compose-campaign" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/in-app-messaging/compose-campaign" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/in-app-messaging/compose-campaign" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Compose a campaign</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/in-app-messaging/modify-message-behavior" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/in-app-messaging/modify-message-behavior" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/in-app-messaging/modify-message-behavior" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify message behavior</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/in-app-messaging/customize-messages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/in-app-messaging/customize-messages" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/in-app-messaging/customize-messages" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize messages</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Dynamic Links</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/operating-system-integrations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/operating-system-integrations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/operating-system-integrations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Operating System Integrations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Dynamic Links</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/create-links" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/create-links" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/create-links" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/ios/create" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/ios/create" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/ios/create" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/android/create" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/android/create" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/android/create" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/flutter/create" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/flutter/create" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/flutter/create" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Flutter</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/cpp/create" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/cpp/create" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/cpp/create" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/unity/create" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/unity/create" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/unity/create" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/rest" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/rest" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/rest" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>REST</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/create-manually" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/create-manually" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/create-manually" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manual URL Construction</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Receive Dynamic Links</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/ios/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/ios/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/ios/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/android/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/android/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/android/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/flutter/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/flutter/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/flutter/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Flutter</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/cpp/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/cpp/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/cpp/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/unity/receive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/unity/receive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/unity/receive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/custom-domains" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/custom-domains" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/custom-domains" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use a Custom Domain</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/analytics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/analytics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/analytics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View Analytics Data</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/debug" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/debug" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/debug" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug Dynamic Links</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/dynamic-links/link-previews" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/dynamic-links/link-previews" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/dynamic-links/link-previews" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Link Previews & Social Metadata</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google AdMob</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/admob" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/admob" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/admob" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/admob/ios/quick-start" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/admob/ios/quick-start" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/admob/ios/quick-start" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started for iOS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/admob/android/quick-start" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/admob/android/quick-start" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/admob/android/quick-start" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started for Android</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/admob/analytics-and-firebase" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/admob/analytics-and-firebase" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/admob/analytics-and-firebase" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Analytics and Firebase with AdMob apps</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use AdMob in a game</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>C++</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/admob/cpp/quick-start" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/admob/cpp/quick-start" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/admob/cpp/quick-start" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/admob/cpp/admob-migration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/admob/cpp/admob-migration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/admob/cpp/admob-migration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>AdMob Migration Guide</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Unity</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="//developers.google.com/admob/unity/start" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: //developers.google.com/admob/unity/start" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="//developers.google.com/admob/unity/start" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solutions</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test adoption of new ad formats</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption/solution-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption/solution-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption/solution-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solution overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption" alt-paths=" /docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption/step-1 /docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption/step-2 /docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption/step-3 /docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption/step-4 /docs/tutorials/test-ad-format-adoption/step-5 "><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solution tutorial</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize ad frequency</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency/solution-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency/solution-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency/solution-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solution overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency" alt-paths=" /docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency/step-1 /docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency/step-2 /docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency/step-3 /docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency/step-4 /docs/tutorials/optimize-ad-frequency/step-5 "><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solution tutorial</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize hybrid monetization</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/tutorials/optimize-hybrid-monetization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/tutorials/optimize-hybrid-monetization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/tutorials/optimize-hybrid-monetization" alt-paths=" /docs/tutorials/optimize-hybrid-monetization/step-1 /docs/tutorials/optimize-hybrid-monetization/step-2 /docs/tutorials/optimize-hybrid-monetization/step-3 "><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solution tutorial</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Google Ads</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/ads" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/ads" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/ads" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solutions</span> </div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure iOS Ads conversions</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/tutorials/ads-ios-on-device-measurement" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/tutorials/ads-ios-on-device-measurement" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/tutorials/ads-ios-on-device-measurement" alt-paths=" /docs/tutorials/ads-ios-on-device-measurement/step-1 /docs/tutorials/ads-ios-on-device-measurement/step-2 /docs/tutorials/ads-ios-on-device-measurement/step-3 /docs/tutorials/ads-ios-on-device-measurement/step-4 "><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solution tutorial</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App Indexing</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-deprecated"><a href="/docs/app-indexing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/app-indexing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/app-indexing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="deprecated" data-title="Deprecated" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Related products</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="//firebase.google.com/docs/auth/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: //firebase.google.com/docs/auth/" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="//firebase.google.com/docs/auth/" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authentication</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="//firebase.google.com/docs/extensions/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: //firebase.google.com/docs/extensions/" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="//firebase.google.com/docs/extensions/" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extensions</span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Build" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products-build" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Go to Build" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Go to Build </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build Products </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/app-check" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: App Check" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > App Check </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/app-hosting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: App Hosting" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > App Hosting </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/auth" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Authentication" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Authentication </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/functions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Functions" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cloud Functions </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/storage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Storage" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cloud Storage </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/data-connect" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Data Connect" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Data Connect </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/extensions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Extensions" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Extensions </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/ml" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Firebase ML" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Firebase ML </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/firestore" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Firestore" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Firestore </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/genkit" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Genkit" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Genkit </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/hosting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Hosting" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Hosting </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/realtime-database" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Realtime Database" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Realtime Database </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/vertex-ai-in-firebase" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Vertex AI in Firebase" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Vertex AI in Firebase </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/generative-ai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Generative AI" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Generative AI </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Run" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Run </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products-run" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Go to Run" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Go to Run </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Run Products </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/ab-testing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: A/B Testing" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > A/B Testing </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/app-distribution" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: App Distribution" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > App Distribution </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/cloud-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Messaging" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cloud Messaging </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/crashlytics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Crashlytics" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Crashlytics </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/analytics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Analytics" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Analytics </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/in-app-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: In-App Messaging" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > In-App Messaging </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Performance Monitoring" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Performance Monitoring </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Remote Config" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Remote Config </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/products/test-lab" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Test Lab" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Test Lab </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Docs" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/guides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Fundamentals" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Fundamentals </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/build" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Build" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/run" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Run" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Run </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/reference" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Reference" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Reference </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/samples" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Samples" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Samples </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Community" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/community/learn" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Learn" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Learn </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/community/events" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Events" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Events </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/community/stories" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Stories" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Stories </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Fundamentals" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/ios/setup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add Firebase - Apple platforms (iOS+)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Add Firebase - Apple platforms (iOS+) </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/android/setup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add Firebase - Android" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Add Firebase - Android </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/web/setup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add Firebase - Web" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Add Firebase - Web </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/flutter/setup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add Firebase - Flutter" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Add Firebase - Flutter </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/cpp/setup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add Firebase - C++" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Add Firebase - C++ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/unity/setup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add Firebase - Unity" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Add Firebase - Unity </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/admin/setup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add Firebase - Server environments" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Add Firebase - Server environments </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/projects/learn-more" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Manage Firebase projects" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Manage Firebase projects </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/libraries" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Supported platforms & frameworks" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Supported platforms & frameworks </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/emulator-suite" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Use Emulator Suite" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Use Emulator Suite </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/gemini-in-firebase" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AI assistance with Gemini in Firebase" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > AI assistance with Gemini in Firebase </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Build" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/emulator-suite" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Emulator Suite" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Emulator Suite </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/auth" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Authentication" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Authentication </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/app-check" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: App Check" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > App Check </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/data-connect" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Data Connect" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Data Connect </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/firestore" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Firestore" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Firestore </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/database" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Realtime Database" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Realtime Database </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/storage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Storage" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Storage </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/rules" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Security Rules" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Security Rules </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/app-hosting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: App Hosting" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > App Hosting </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/hosting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Hosting" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Hosting </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/functions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Functions" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cloud Functions </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/extensions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Extensions" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Extensions </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/vertex-ai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Vertex AI in Firebase" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Vertex AI in Firebase </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/genkit" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Genkit" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Genkit </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/ml" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: ML" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > ML </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Run" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/test-lab" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Test Lab" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Test Lab </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/app-distribution" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: App Distribution" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > App Distribution </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/crashlytics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Crashlytics" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Crashlytics </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/perf-mon" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Performance Monitoring" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Performance Monitoring </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/remote-config" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Remote Config" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Remote Config </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/ab-testing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: A/B Testing" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > A/B Testing </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/analytics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Analytics" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Analytics </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Messaging" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cloud Messaging </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/in-app-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: In-App Messaging" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > In-App Messaging </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/dynamic-links" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Dynamic Links" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Dynamic Links </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/admob" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google AdMob" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google AdMob </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/ads" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Ads" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Ads </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav > <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"><style> /* Styles inlined from /styles/docs.css */ .center { text-align: center } /* Used in AdMob code examples */ .oldcode { opacity: .40; /* IE 8 */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=40)"; filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=40); /* IE <= 7 */ filter:alpha(opacity=40); } .newcode { font-weight: bold; } /* Device Screenshots */ .deviceshot { max-width: 700px; max-height: 400px; } /* Start Changelog styles */ .badge { position: relative; top: -3px; border-radius: 16px; display: inline-block; width: 110px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-right: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center; color: var(--tenant-inverted-text-color); } .checklist > ul { padding-left: 125px; } .checklist > ul > li { list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 22px; } .changelog > ul { padding-left: 0; } .changelog > ul > li { list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 22px; } .firebase-support-release-page .changelog > ul { list-style-type: none; padding-left: 125px; } .firebase-release-roundup .changelog > ul { list-style-type: disc outside; padding-left: 40px; } .firebase-release-roundup .changelog > ul > li { list-style-type: disc outside; margin-bottom: 12px; } .generic-android::before, .generic-ios::before, .generic-mobile::before, .generic-web::before, .generic-flutter::before, .generic-unity::before, .generic-cpp::before, .generic-all::before, .release-changed::before, .release-deprecated::before, .release-feature::before, .release-fixed::before, .release-important::before, .release-issue::before, .release-removed::before, .release-unchanged::before, .release-android::before, .release-android-bom::before, .release-ios::before, .release-javascript::before, .release-flutter::before, .release-unity::before, .release-cpp::before, .release-admin::before, .release-functions::before, .release-cli::before, .release-rules::before { display: block; float: 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background-color: #ccc; padding-top: 4px; } .release-android::before { content: "Android"; color: var(--tenant-secondary-text-color); border: 5px solid; border-color: #839e2e; } .release-android-bom::before { content: "Android BoM"; color: var(--tenant-secondary-text-color); border: 5px solid; border-color: #839e2e; } .release-ios::before { text-transform: none; content: "iOS+"; color: var(--tenant-secondary-text-color); border: 5px solid; border-color: #003fdd; } .release-javascript::before { content: "JavaScript"; color: var(--tenant-secondary-text-color); border: 5px solid; border-color: #7e57c2; } .release-flutter::before { content: "Flutter"; color: var(--tenant-secondary-text-color); border: 5px solid; border-color: #29b6f6; } .release-unity::before { content: "Unity"; color: var(--tenant-secondary-text-color); border: 5px solid; border-color: #7f6545; } .release-cpp::before { content: "C++"; color: var(--tenant-secondary-text-color); border: 5px solid; border-color: #ff8c00; } 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rel="noreferrer noopener">Watch now.</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Firebase" > Firebase </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="Firebase Documentation" > Documentation </a> </li> <li 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project-name="Firebase Cloud Messaging" product-id="719752" bucket="" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20241114-r00-rc02.464922260396498922" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="header" class="nocontent" project-feedback-url="https://firebase.google.com/support/troubleshooter/fcm" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/firebase/images/touchicon-180.png" project-support-url="https://firebase.google.com/support/" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> About FCM messages </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix ">     <p></p> <p><span class="notranslate">Firebase Cloud Messaging</span> (<span class="notranslate">FCM</span>) offers a broad range of messaging options and capabilities. The information in this page is intended to help you understand the different types of <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> messages and what you can do with them.</p> <h2 id="notifications_and_data_messages" data-text="Message types" tabindex="-1">Message types</h2> <p>With <span class="notranslate">FCM</span>, you can send two types of messages to clients:</p> <ul> <li>Notification messages, sometimes thought of as "display messages." These are handled by the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> SDK automatically.</li> <li>Data messages, which are handled by the client app.</li> </ul> <p>Notification messages contain a predefined set of user-visible keys. Data messages, by contrast, contain only your user-defined custom key-value pairs. Notification messages can contain an optional data payload. Maximum payload for both message types is 4096 bytes, except when sending messages from the <span class="notranslate">Firebase</span> console, which enforces a 1000 character limit.</p> <p><table> <tr> <th></th> <th>Use scenario</th> <th>How to send</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Notification message</td> <td><span class="notranslate">FCM</span> SDK displays the message to end-user devices on behalf of the client app when it's running in the background. Otherwise, if the app is running in the foreground when the notification is received, the app's code determines the behavior. Notification messages have a predefined set of user-visible keys and an optional data payload of custom key-value pairs. </td> <td> <ol> <li><p>In a trusted environment such as <a href="/docs/functions"><span class="notranslate">Cloud Functions</span></a> or your app server, use the <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/server#choose">Admin SDK or the HTTP v1 API</a>. Set the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">notification</code> key. May have optional data payload. Always collapsible.</p> <p> See some <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/send-message#example-notification-message-with-platform-specific-delivery-options"> examples of display notifications</a> and send request payloads. </p> </li> <li>Use the <a href="//console.firebase.google.com/project/_/notification"> Notifications composer</a>: Enter the Message Text, Title, etc., and send. Add optional data payload by providing Custom data. </li> </ol></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Data message</td> <td>Client app is responsible for processing data messages. Data messages have only custom key-value pairs with no reserved key names (see below). </td> <td>In a trusted environment such as <a href="/docs/functions"> <span class="notranslate">Cloud Functions</span></a> or your app server, use the <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/server#choose">Admin SDK or the FCM Server Protocols</a>. In the send request, Set the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">data</code> key. </td> </tr> </table></p> <p><p>Use notification messages when you want the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> SDK to handle displaying a notification automatically when your app is running in the background. Use data messages when you want to process the messages with your own client app code.</p></p> <p><span class="notranslate">FCM</span> can send a notification message including an optional data payload. In such cases, <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> handles displaying the notification payload, and the client app handles the data payload. </p> <h3 id="notifications" data-text="Notification messages" tabindex="-1">Notification messages</h3> <p>For testing or for marketing and user re-engagement, you can <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/send-with-console">send notification messages using the <span class="notranslate">Firebase</span> console</a>. The <span class="notranslate">Firebase</span> console provides analytics-based <a href="/docs/ab-testing/abtest-with-console">A/B testing</a> to help you refine and improve marketing messages.</p> <p><p>To programmatically send notification messages using the Admin SDK or the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> protocols, set the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">notification</code> key with the necessary predefined set of key-value options for the user-visible part of the notification message. For example, here is a JSON-formatted notification message in an IM app. The user can expect to see a message with the title "Portugal vs. Denmark" and the text "great match!" on the device:</p></p> <p><pre class="prettyprint pretty-json" translate="no" dir="ltr">{ "message":{ "token":"bk3RNwTe3H0:CI2k_HHwgIpoDKCIZvvDMExUdFQ3P1...", "notification":{ "title":"Portugal vs. Denmark", "body":"great match!" } } }</pre></p> <p><p>Notification messages are delivered to the notification tray when the app is in the background. For apps in the foreground, messages are handled by a callback function. </p></p> <p>See the <a href="/docs/reference/fcm/rest/v1/projects.messages#Notification">HTTP v1 Protocol notification object</a> reference documentation for the full list of predefined keys available for building notification messages.</p> <h3 id="data_messages" data-text="Data messages" tabindex="-1">Data messages</h3> <p>Set the appropriate key with your custom key-value pairs to send a data payload to the client app.</p> <aside class="caution">Make sure that you do not use any reserved words in your custom key-value pairs. Reserved words include "from", "notification," "message_type", or any word starting with "google" or "gcm."</aside> <p>For example, here is a JSON-formatted message in the same IM app as above, where the information is encapsulated in the common <code translate="no" dir="ltr">data</code> key and the client app is expected to interpret the content:</p> <pre class="prettyprint notranslate" translate="no" dir="ltr"> { "message":{ "token":"bk3RNwTe3H0:CI2k_HHwgIpoDKCIZvvDMExUdFQ3P1...", "data":{ "Nick" : "Mario", "body" : "great match!", "Room" : "PortugalVSDenmark" } } }</pre> <p><p>The above example shows usage of the top-level, or common <code translate="no" dir="ltr">data</code> field, which is interpreted by clients on all platforms that receive the message. On each platform, the client app receives the data payload in a callback function. </p></p> <h4 id="encryption_for_data_messages" data-text="Encryption for data messages" tabindex="-1">Encryption for data messages</h4> <p>The Android Transport Layer (see <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/fcm-architecture"><span class="notranslate">FCM</span> architecture</a>) uses point-to-point encryption. Depending on your needs, you may decide to add end-to-end encryption to data messages. <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> does not provide an end-to-end solution. However, there are external solutions available such as <a href="//android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/06/project-capillary-end-to-end-encryption.html">Capillary</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagram_Transport_Layer_Security">DTLS</a>.</p> <h3 id="notification-messages-with-optional-data-payload" data-text="Notification messages with optional data payload" tabindex="-1">Notification messages with optional data payload</h3> <p>Both programmatically or via the <span class="notranslate">Firebase</span> console, you can send notification messages that contain an optional payload of custom key-value pairs. In the <a href="//console.firebase.google.com/project/_/notification"> Notifications composer</a>, use the <strong>Custom data</strong> fields in <strong>Advanced options</strong>.</p> <p>App behavior when receiving messages that include both notification and data payloads depends on whether the app is in the background or the foreground—essentially, whether or not it is active at the time of receipt.</p> <ul> <li><strong>When in the background</strong>, apps receive the notification payload in the notification tray, and only handle the data payload when the user taps on the notification.</li> <li><strong>When in the foreground</strong>, your app receives a message object with both payloads available.</li> </ul> <p>Here is a JSON-formatted message containing both the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">notification</code> key and the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">data</code> key:</p> <p><pre class="prettyprint pretty-json" translate="no" dir="ltr">{ "message":{ "token":"bk3RNwTe3H0:CI2k_HHwgIpoDKCIZvvDMExUdFQ3P1...", "notification":{ "title":"Portugal vs. Denmark", "body":"great match!" }, "data" : { "Nick" : "Mario", "Room" : "PortugalVSDenmark" } } }</pre></p> <h2 id="customizing-a-message-across-platforms" data-text="Customizing a message across platforms" tabindex="-1">Customizing a message across platforms</h2> <p>The <span class="notranslate"><span class="notranslate">Firebase</span> Admin SDK</span> and the FCM v1 HTTP protocol both allow your message requests to set all fields available in the <a href="/docs/reference/fcm/rest/v1/projects.messages#Message"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">message</code></a> object. This includes:</p> <ul> <li>a common set of fields to be interpreted by <strong>all</strong> app instances that receive the message.</li> <li>platform-specific sets of fields, such as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">AndroidConfig</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">WebpushConfig</code>, interpreted only by app instances running on the specified platform.</li> </ul> <p>Platform-specific blocks give you flexibility to customize messages for different platforms to ensure that they are handled correctly when received. The FCM backend will take all specified parameters into account and customize the message for each platform.</p> <h3 id="when-to-use-common-fields" data-text="When to use common fields" tabindex="-1">When to use common fields</h3> <p>Use common fields when you're:</p> <ul> <li>Targeting app instances on <strong>all</strong> platforms — Apple, Android, and web</li> <li>Sending messages to topics</li> </ul> <p>All app instances, regardless of platform, can interpret the following common fields:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/docs/reference/fcm/rest/v1/projects.messages#Notification.FIELDS.title"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">message.notification.title</code></a></li> <li><a href="/docs/reference/fcm/rest/v1/projects.messages#Notification.FIELDS.body"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">message.notification.body</code></a></li> <li><a href="/docs/reference/fcm/rest/v1/projects.messages#Message.FIELDS.data"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">message.data</code></a></li> </ul> <h3 id="when-to-use-platform-specific-fields" data-text="When to use platform-specific fields" tabindex="-1">When to use platform-specific fields</h3> <p>Use platform-specific fields when you want to:</p> <ul> <li>Send fields only to particular platforms</li> <li>Send platform-specific fields <em>in addition to</em> the common fields</li> </ul> <p>Whenever you want to send values only to particular platforms, <strong>don't</strong> use common fields; use platform-specific fields. For example, to send a notification only to Apple platforms and web but not to Android, you must use two separate sets of fields, one for Apple and one for web.</p> <p>When you are sending messages with specific <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options#delivery_options">delivery options</a>, use platform-specific fields to set them. You can specify different values per platform if you want. However, even when you want to set essentially the same value across platforms, you must use platform-specific fields. This is because each platform may interpret the value slightly differently—for example, time-to-live is set on Android as an expiration time in seconds, while on Apple it is set as an expiration <em>date</em>.</p> <h3 id="example-notification-message-with-platform-specific-delivery-options" data-text="Example: notification message with platform-specific delivery options" tabindex="-1">Example: notification message with platform-specific delivery options</h3> <p>The following v1 send request sends a common notification title and content to all platforms, but also sends some platform-specific overrides. Specifically, the request:</p> <ul> <li>sets a long time-to-live for Android and Web platforms, while setting the APNs (Apple platforms) message priority to a low setting</li> <li>sets the appropriate keys to define the result of a user tap on the notification on Android and Apple — <code translate="no" dir="ltr">click_action</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">category</code>, respectively.</li> </ul> <pre class="prettyprint notranslate" translate="no" dir="ltr"> { "message":{ "token":"bk3RNwTe3H0:CI2k_HHwgIpoDKCIZvvDMExUdFQ3P1...", "notification":{ "title":"Match update", "body":"Arsenal goal in added time, score is now 3-0" }, "android":{ "ttl":"86400s", "notification"{ "click_action":"OPEN_ACTIVITY_1" } }, "apns": { "headers": { "apns-priority": "5", }, "payload": { "aps": { "category": "NEW_MESSAGE_CATEGORY" } } }, "webpush":{ "headers":{ "TTL":"86400" } } } }</pre> <p>See the <a href="/docs/reference/fcm/rest/v1/projects.messages">HTTP v1 reference documentation</a> for complete detail on the keys available in platform-specific blocks in the message body. For more information about building send requests that contain the message body, see <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/send-message">Build Send Requests</a>.</p> <h2 id="delivery-options" data-text="Delivery options" tabindex="-1">Delivery options</h2> <p><span class="notranslate">FCM</span> provides a specific set of delivery options for messages sent to Android devices, and allows for similar options on Apple platforms and web. For example, "collapsible" message behavior is supported on Android via <span class="notranslate">FCM</span>'s <code translate="no" dir="ltr">collapse_key</code>, on Apple via <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apns-collapse-id</code>, and on JavaScript/Web via <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Topic</code>. For details, see descriptions in this section and related reference documentation.</p> <p><h3 id="collapsible_and_non-collapsible_messages" data-text="Non-collapsible and collapsible messages" tabindex="-1">Non-collapsible and collapsible messages</h3></p> <p><p>A <i>non-collapsible</i> message denotes that each individual message is delivered to the device. A non-collapsible message delivers some useful content, as opposed to a collapsible message like a content-free "ping" to the mobile app to contact the server to fetch data.</p></p> <aside class="caution"> <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> does not guarantee the order of delivery.</aside> <p><p>Some typical use cases of non-collapsible messages are chat messages or critical messages. For example, in an IM app, you would want to deliver every message, because every message has different content. </p></p> <p>For Android there is a limit of 100 messages that can be stored without collapsing. If the limit is reached, all stored messages are discarded. When the device is back online, it receives a special message indicating that the limit was reached. The app can then handle the situation properly, typically by requesting a full sync from the app server.</p> <p><p>A <i>collapsible message</i> is a message that may be replaced by a new message if it has yet to be delivered to the device.</p></p> <p><p>A common use cases of collapsible messages are messages used to tell a mobile app to sync data from the server. An example would be a sports app that updates users with the latest score. Only the most recent message is relevant.</p></p> <p>To mark a message as collapsible on Android, include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">collapse_key</code> parameter in the message payload. By default, the collapse key is the app package name registered in the <span class="notranslate">Firebase</span> console. The <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> server can simultaneously store four different collapsible messages per device, each with a different collapse key. If you exceed this number, <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> only keeps four collapse keys, with no guarantees about which ones are kept.</p> <p>Topic messages with no payload are collapsible by default. Notification messages are always collapsible and will ignore the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">collapse_key</code> parameter.</p> <p><h4 id="which_should_i_use" data-text="Which should I use?" tabindex="-1">Which should I use?</h4></p> <p><p>Collapsible messages are a better choice from a performance standpoint, provided your app doesn't need to use non-collapsible messages. However, if you use collapsible messages, remember that <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> only allows a maximum of four different collapse keys to be used by <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> per registration token at any given time. You must not exceed this number, or it could cause unpredictable consequences.</p></p> <p><table> <tr> <th></th> <th>Use scenario</th> <th>How to send</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Non-collapsible</td> <td>Every message is important to the client app and needs to be delivered.</td> <td>Except for notification messages, all messages are non-collapsible by default. </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Collapsible</td> <td>When there is a newer message that renders an older, related message irrelevant to the client app, <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> replaces the older message. For example: messages used to initiate a data sync from the server, or outdated notification messages.</td> <td>Set the appropriate parameter in your message request: <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">collapseKey</code> on Android</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">apns-collapse-id</code> on Apple</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Topic</code> on Web</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">collapse_key</code> in legacy protocols (all platforms)</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table></p> <p><h3 id="setting-the-priority-of-a-message" data-text="Setting the priority of a message" tabindex="-1">Setting the priority of a message</h3></p> <p><p>You have two options for assigning delivery priority to downstream messages: normal and high priority. Though the behavior differs slightly across platforms, delivery of normal and high priority messages works like this:</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>Normal priority.</strong> Normal priority messages are delivered immediately when the app is in the foreground. For backgrounded apps, delivery may be delayed. For less time-sensitive messages, such as notifications of new email, keeping your UI in sync, or syncing app data in the background, choose normal delivery priority. </p> </li> <li><p><strong>High priority. </strong>FCM attempts to deliver high priority messages immediately even if the device is in Doze mode. High priority messages are for time-sensitive, user visible content.</p></li></ul></p> <aside class="warning">When sending data messages to Apple devices, the priority <b>must</b> be set to 5, or normal priority. Messages sent with high priority are rejected by the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> backend with the error <code translate="no" dir="ltr">INVALID_ARGUMENT</code>.</aside> <p>Here is an example of a normal priority message sent via the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> HTTP v1 protocol to notify a magazine subscriber that new content is available to download:</p> <pre class="prettyprint notranslate" translate="no" dir="ltr"> { "message":{ "topic":"subscriber-updates", "notification":{ "body" : "This week's edition is now available.", "title" : "NewsMagazine.com", }, "data" : { "volume" : "3.21.15", "contents" : "http://www.news-magazine.com/world-week/21659772" }, "android":{ "priority":"normal" }, "apns":{ "headers":{ "apns-priority":"5" } }, "webpush": { "headers": { "Urgency": "high" } } } } </pre> <p>For more platform-specific detail on setting message priority: <ul> <li><a href="//developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/content/documentation/NetworkingInternet/Conceptual/RemoteNotificationsPG/CommunicatingwithAPNs.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40008194-CH11-SW1"> APNs documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/message-priority"> Set and manage message priority</a> (Android)</li> <li><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8030#section-5.3">Web push message urgency</a></li> </ul> </p> <h4 id="life-critical-use-cases" data-text="Life critical use cases" tabindex="-1">Life critical use cases</h4> <p>The <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> APIs are not designed for emergency alerts or other high-risk activities where the use or failure of the APIs could result in death, personal injury, or environmental damage (such as the operation of nuclear facilities, air traffic control, or life support systems). Any such use is expressly prohibited under <a href="https://developers.google.com/terms/#a_api_prohibitions">Section 4. a. 7</a> of the Terms of Service. You are solely responsible for managing your app's compliance with the Terms, and any damages resulting from your noncompliance. Google provides the APIs "as is," and reserves the right to discontinue the APIs or any portion or feature or your access thereto, for any reason and at any time, without liability or other obligation to you or your users.</p> <p><h3 id="ttl" data-text="Setting the lifespan of a message" tabindex="-1">Setting the lifespan of a message</h3></p> <p><p><span class="notranslate">FCM</span> usually delivers messages immediately after they are sent. However, this might not always be possible. For example, if the platform is Android, the device could be turned off, offline, or otherwise unavailable. Or <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> might intentionally delay messages to prevent an app from consuming excessive resources and negatively affecting battery life.</p></p> <p><p>When this happens, <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> stores the message and delivers it as soon as it's feasible. While this is fine in most cases, there are some apps for which a late message might as well never be delivered. For example, if the message is an incoming call or video chat notification, it is meaningful only for a short period of time before the call is terminated. Or if the message is an invitation to an event, it is useless if received after the event has ended. </p></p> <p><p>On Android and Web/JavaScript, you can specify the maximum lifespan of a message. The value must be a duration from 0 to 2,419,200 seconds (28 days), and it corresponds to the maximum period of time for which <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> stores and attempts to deliver the message. Requests that don't contain this field default to the maximum period of four weeks.</p></p> <p><p>Here are some possible uses for this feature:</p> <ul> <li>Video chat incoming calls</li> <li>Expiring invitation events</li> <li>Calendar events</li> </ul></p> <p><p>Another advantage of specifying the lifespan of a message is that <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> doesn't apply collapsible message throttling to messages with a time-to-live value of 0 seconds. <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> provides best effort handling of messages that must be delivered "now or never." Keep in mind that a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">time_to_live</code> value of 0 means messages that can't be delivered immediately are discarded. However, because such messages are never stored, this provides the best latency for sending notification messages.</p></p> <p><p>Here is an example of a request that includes TTL:</p> <pre class="prettyprint pretty-json" translate="no" dir="ltr"> { "message":{ "token":"bk3RNwTe3H0:CI2k_HHwgIpoDKCIZvvDMExUdFQ3P1...", "data":{ "Nick" : "Mario", "body" : "great match!", "Room" : "PortugalVSDenmark" }, "apns":{ "headers":{ "apns-expiration":"1604750400" } }, "android":{ "ttl":"4500s" }, "webpush":{ "headers":{ "TTL":"4500" } } } }</pre></p> <h2 id="lifetime" data-text="Lifetime of a message" tabindex="-1">Lifetime of a message</h2> <p>When an app server posts a message to <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> and receives a message ID back, it does not mean that the message was already delivered to the device. Rather, it means that it was accepted for delivery. What happens to the message after it is accepted depends on many factors.</p> <p>In the best-case scenario, if the device is connected to <span class="notranslate">FCM</span>, the screen is on and there are no throttling restrictions, the message is delivered right away.</p> <p>If the device is connected but in Doze, a low priority message is stored by <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> until the device is out of Doze. And that's where the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">collapse_key</code> flag plays a role: if there is already a message with the same collapse key (and registration token) stored and waiting for delivery, the old message is discarded and the new message takes its place (that is, the old message is collapsed by the new one). However, if the collapse key is not set, both the new and old messages are stored for future delivery. </p> <p>If the device is not connected to <span class="notranslate">FCM</span>, the message is stored until a connection is established (again respecting the collapse key rules). When a connection is established, <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> delivers all pending messages to the device. If the device never gets connected again (for instance, if it was factory reset), the message eventually times out and is discarded from <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> storage. The default timeout is four weeks, unless the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">time_to_live</code> flag is set.</p> <p>To get more insight into the delivery of a message: <ul> <p>To get more insight into the delivery of messages on Android or Apple platforms, see the <a href="//console.firebase.google.com/project/_/notification/reporting"> <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> reporting dashboard</a>, which records the number of messages sent and opened on Apple and Android devices, along with data for "impressions" (notifications seen by users) for Android apps. </p> </ul> </p> <p>For Android devices with direct channel messaging enabled, if the device has not connected to <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> for more than one month, <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> still accepts the message but immediately discards it. If the device connects within four weeks of the last data message you sent to it, your client receives the <a href="/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/messaging/FirebaseMessagingService#onDeletedMessages()">onDeletedMessages()</a> callback. The app can then handle the situation properly, typically by requesting a full sync from the app server.</p> <p>Finally, when <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> attempts to deliver a message to the device and the app was uninstalled, <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> discards that message right away and invalidates the registration token. Future attempts to send a message to that device results in a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NotRegistered</code> error.</p> <h2 id="throttling-and-scaling" data-text="Throttling and quotas" tabindex="-1">Throttling and quotas</h2> <p>Our goal is to always deliver every message sent via FCM. However, delivering every message sometimes results in a poor overall user experience. In other cases, we need to provide boundaries to ensure that FCM provides a scalable service for all senders. The types of limits and quotas described in this section help us balance these important factors.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> The limits discussed in this section are subject to change.</span></aside> <h3 id="downstream-message-throttling" data-text="Downstream message throttling" tabindex="-1">Downstream message throttling</h3> <p>The HTTP v1 API introduced per-project, per-minute quotas for downstream messaging. The default quota of 600k messages per minute covers over 99% of <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> developers while protecting the stability of the system and minimizing the impact of spiky projects.</p> <p><a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/scale-fcm#problem:-traffic">Spiky traffic patterns</a> can result in quota exceeded errors. In an over quota scenario, the system serves HTTP status code 429 (QUOTA_EXCEEDED) until the quota is refilled in the following minute. 429 responses may also be returned in overload situations, so you are strongly encouraged to handle 429s according to <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/fcm/rest/v1/ErrorCode">published recommendations</a>.</p> <p>Note that:</p> <ul> <li>The downstream quota measures messages, not requests.</li> <li>Client errors (HTTP status code 400-499) are counted (excluding 429s).</li> <li>Quotas are per-minute, but these minutes are not aligned to the clock.</li> </ul> <h4 id="monitoring-quota" data-text="Monitoring quota" tabindex="-1">Monitoring quota</h4> <p>You can view quota, usage, and errors on the Google Cloud Console:</p> <ol> <li>Go to the <a href="//console.cloud.google.com/"><span class="notranslate">Google Cloud</span> console</a></li> <li>Select <strong>APIs & services</strong></li> <li>From the table list, select <strong>Firebase Cloud Messaging API</strong></li> <li>Select <strong>QUOTA & SYSTEM LIMITS</strong>.</li> </ol> <p>NOTE: These graphs are not precisely time aligned with quota minutes, meaning 429s may be served when traffic appears to be below quota. </p> <h4 id="request-quota-increase" data-text="Requesting a quota increase" tabindex="-1">Requesting a quota increase</h4> <p>Before requesting a quota increase, ensure that:</p> <ul> <li>Your usage is regularly ≥ 80% of quota for at least 5 consecutive minutes per day.</li> <li>You have < 5% client error ratio, especially during peak traffic.</li> <li>You adhere to the best practices for sending <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/scale-fcm">messages at scale</a>.</li> </ul> <p>If you meet these criteria, you can <a href="/support/troubleshooter/contact">submit a quota increase request</a> for up to +25% and <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> will make every practical effort to fulfill the request (no increase can be guaranteed).</p> <p>If you need more downstream messaging quota due to an impending launch or temporary event, request your quota at least 15 days in advance to allow sufficient time to handle the request. For large requests (>18M messages per minute), at least 30 days of notice is required. Launches and special event requests are still subject to the client error ratio and best practices requirements.</p> <p>See also the FAQ about <a href="/support/faq#fcm-quotas"><span class="notranslate">FCM</span> quotas</a>.</p> <h3 id="topics_throttling" data-text="Topic message limit" tabindex="-1">Topic message limit</h3> <p>The topic subscription add/remove rate is limited to 3,000 QPS per project.</p> <p>For message sending rates, see <a href="#fanout_throttling">Fanout Throttling</a>.</p> <h3 id="fanout_throttling" data-text="Fanout throttling" tabindex="-1">Fanout throttling</h3> <p>Message fanout is the process of sending a message to multiple devices, such as when you target topics and groups, or when you use the <a href="//console.firebase.google.com/project/_/notification">Notifications composer</a> to target audiences or user segments.</p> <p>Message fanout is not instantaneous and so occasionally you have multiple fanouts in progress concurrently. We limit the number of concurrent message fanouts per project to 1,000. After that, we may reject additional fanout requests or defer the fanout of the requests until some of the already in progress fanouts complete.</p> <p>The actual achievable fanout rate is influenced by the number of projects requesting fanouts at the same time. A fanout rate of 10,000 QPS for an individual project is not uncommon, but that number is not a guarantee and is a result of the total load on the system. It is important to note that the available fanout capacity is divided among projects and not across fanout requests. So, if your project has two fanouts in progress, then each fanout will only see half of the available fanout rate. The recommended way to maximize your fanout speed is to only have one active fanout in progress at a time.</p> <h3 id="collapsible_throttling" data-text="Collapsible message throttling" tabindex="-1">Collapsible message throttling</h3> <p>As described above, collapsible messages are content-free notifications designed to collapse on top of each other. In the event that a developer is repeating the same message to an app too frequently, we delay (throttle) messages to reduce the impact on a user’s battery.</p> <p>For example, if you send large numbers of new email sync requests to a single device, we might delay the next email sync request a few minutes so that the device can sync at a lower average rate. This throttling is done strictly to limit the battery impact experienced by the user.</p> <p>If your use case requires high burst send patterns, then non-collapsible messages may be the right choice. For such messages, make sure to include the content in such messages in order to reduce the battery cost.</p> <p>We limit collapsible messages to a burst of 20 messages per app per device, with a refill of 1 message every 3 minutes.</p> <h3 id="xmpp_throttling" data-text="XMPP server throttling" tabindex="-1">XMPP server throttling</h3> <aside class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong><span> Sending messages (including upstream messages) with the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> XMPP and HTTP legacy APIs was deprecated on June 20, 2023, and <a href="/support/faq#deprecated-api-shutdown"><strong>will be removed starting June 2024</strong></a>. If you are using the legacy <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> send APIs, we strongly recommend that you <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/migrate-v1">migrate to the HTTP v1 API</a> or consider using the <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/server#choosing-a-server-option">Admin SDK</a> to build send requests.</span></aside> <p>We limit the rate that you can connect to FCM XMPP servers to 400 connections per minute per project. This shouldn't be an issue for message delivery, but it is important for ensuring the stability of the system. For each project, FCM allows 2500 connections in parallel.</p> <p>For upstream messaging with XMPP, FCM limits <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/android/upstream">upstream messages</a> at 1,500,000/minute per project to avoid overloading upstream destination servers.</p> <p>We limit upstream messages per device at 1,000/minute to protect against battery drain from bad app behavior.</p> <h3 id="device_throttling" data-text="Maximum message rate to a single device" tabindex="-1">Maximum message rate to a single device</h3> <p>For Android, you can send up to 240 messages/minute and 5,000 messages/hour to a single device. This high threshold is meant to allow for short term bursts of traffic, such as when users are interacting rapidly over chat. This limit prevents errors in sending logic from inadvertently draining the battery on a device.</p> <p>For iOS, we return an error when the rate exceeds APNs limits.</p> <aside class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong><span> Do not routinely send messages near this maximum rate. This could waste end users’ resources, and your app may be marked as abusive.</span></aside> <h2 id="messaging-ports-and-your-firewall" data-text="FCM ports and your firewall" tabindex="-1"><span class="notranslate">FCM</span> ports and your firewall</h2> <p>If your organization has a firewall to restrict traffic to or from the Internet, you need to configure it to allow mobile devices to connect with <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> in order for devices on your network to receive messages. <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> typically uses port 5228, but it sometimes uses 443, 5229, and 5230.</p> <p>For devices connecting on your network, <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> doesn't provide specific IPs because our IP range changes too frequently and your firewall rules could get out of date, impacting your users' experience. Ideally, allowlist ports 5228-5230 & 443 with no IP restrictions. However, if you must have an IP restriction, you should allowlist all of the IP addresses listed in <a href="https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/configure-private-google-access#ip-addr-defaults">goog.json</a>. This large list is updated regularly, and you are recommended to update your rules on a monthly basis. Problems caused by firewall IP restrictions are often intermittent and difficult to diagnose.</p> <p>We do offer a set of domain names that can be allowlisted instead of IP addresses. Those hostnames are listed below. If we start using additional hostnames, we will update the list here. Using domain names for your firewall rule may or may not be functional in your firewall device.</p> <p><strong>TCP ports to open:</strong></p> <ul> <li>5228</li> <li>5229</li> <li>5230</li> <li>443</li> </ul> <p><strong>Hostnames to open:</strong></p> <ul> <li>mtalk.google.com</li> <li>mtalk4.google.com</li> <li>mtalk-staging.google.com</li> <li>mtalk-dev.google.com</li> <li>alt1-mtalk.google.com</li> <li>alt2-mtalk.google.com</li> <li>alt3-mtalk.google.com</li> <li>alt4-mtalk.google.com</li> <li>alt5-mtalk.google.com</li> <li>alt6-mtalk.google.com</li> <li>alt7-mtalk.google.com</li> <li>alt8-mtalk.google.com</li> <li>android.apis.google.com</li> <li>device-provisioning.googleapis.com</li> <li>firebaseinstallations.googleapis.com</li> </ul> <p><strong>Network Address Translation and/or Stateful Packet Inspection firewalls:</strong></p> <p>If your network implements Network Address Translation (NAT) or Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI), implement a 30 minute or larger timeout for our connections over ports 5228-5230. This enables us to provide reliable connectivity while reducing the battery consumption of your users' mobile devices.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> If you are receiving notifications over APNs, make sure you have also opened the <a href="https://support.apple.com/en-ph/HT203609">ports specified by Apple</a>.</span></aside> <h2 id="vpns" data-text="VPN interactions and bypassability" tabindex="-1">VPN interactions and bypassability</h2> <p><span class="notranslate">Firebase Cloud Messaging</span> takes various steps to ensure that the push messaging connection from the phone to the server is reliable and available as often as possible. The use of a VPN complicates this effort.</p> <p>VPNs mask the underlying information that <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> needs to tune its connection to maximize reliability & battery life. In some cases VPNs actively break long lived connections resulting in a bad user experience due to missed or delayed messages or a high battery cost. When the VPN is configured to allow us to do so, we bypass the VPN using an encrypted connection (over the base network wifi or LTE) so as to ensure a reliable, battery friendly experience. <span class="notranslate">FCM</span>'s usage of bypassable VPNs is specific to the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> Push Notification channel. Other <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> traffic, such as registration traffic, uses the VPN if it is active. When the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> connection bypasses the VPN it loses additional benefits the VPN may provide, such as IP masking.</p> <p>Different VPNs will have different methods for controlling whether or not it can be bypassed. Consult the documentation for your specific VPN for instructions.</p> <p>If the VPN is not configured to be bypassable then <span class="notranslate">Firebase Cloud Messaging</span> will use the VPN network in order to connect to the server. This may result in periods of time where messages are delayed and may result in more battery usage as <span class="notranslate">Cloud Messaging</span> works to maintain the connection over the VPN connection.</p> <h2 id="credentials" data-text="Credentials" tabindex="-1">Credentials</h2> <p>Depending on which <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> features you implement, you may need the following credentials from your Firebase project:</p> <table> <tr id="projectid"> <td>Project ID</td> <td>A unique identifier for your Firebase project, used in requests to the <span class="notranslate">FCM</span> v1 HTTP endpoint. This value is available in the <a href="//console.firebase.google.com/project/_/settings/general"> <span class="notranslate">Firebase</span> console <strong>Settings</strong></a> pane.</td> </tr> <tr id="regtoken"> <td>Registration token</td> <td><p>A unique token string that identifies each client app instance. The registration token is required for single device and device group messaging. Note that registration tokens must be kept secret.</td> </tr> <tr id="senderid"> <td>Sender ID</td> <td>A unique numerical value created when you create your Firebase project, available in the <a href="//console.firebase.google.com/project/_/settings/cloudmessaging/"> <span class="notranslate">Cloud Messaging</span></a> tab of the <span class="notranslate">Firebase</span> console <strong>Settings</strong> pane. The sender ID is used to identify each sender that can send messages to the client app.</td> </tr> <tr id="accesstoken"> <td>Access token</td> <td>A short-lived OAuth 2.0 token that authorizes requests to the HTTP v1 API. This token is associated with a service account that belongs to your Firebase project. To create and rotate access tokens, follow the steps described in <a href="/docs/cloud-messaging/auth-server"> Authorize Send Requests</a>. </td> </tr> <tr id="apikey"> <td>Server key (for **deprecated** legacy protocols)</td> <td><p>A server key that authorizes your app server for access to Google services, including sending messages via the deprecated <span class="notranslate">Firebase Cloud Messaging</span> legacy protocols.</p> <p><strong>Important:</strong> Do not include the server key anywhere in your client code. Also, make sure to use only server keys to authorize your app server. 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