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World's hottest year: 2024 first to pass 1.5C warming limit
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dateTime="2025-01-10T04:13:08.876Z" class="sc-b42e7a8f-2 bGezbH">10 January 2025</time><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-3 cFXrjb"><!--$!--><!--/$--></div></div><div data-testid="byline-new-contributors" class="sc-b42e7a8f-12 fcCDwR"><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-5 evAEAB"><div><span class="sc-b42e7a8f-7 khDNZq">Mark Poynting, Erwan Rivault and Becky Dale</span><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-8 jtKrhe"><span>BBC Climate & Verify data journalism teams<!-- --></span></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-4 cVwCpL"><!--$!--><!--/$--></div></div></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 EXUng"><div data-testid="hero-image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg.webp" alt="BBC Creative image showing wavy white lines on a red background on the left, symbolising the warming world, and a quarter of the globe on the right" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">BBC</span></div></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The planet has moved a major step closer to warming more than 1.5C, new data shows, despite world leaders vowing a decade ago they would try to avoid this.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The European Copernicus climate service, one of the main global data providers, said on Friday that 2024 was the first calendar year to pass the symbolic threshold, as well as the world's hottest on record.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">This does not mean the international 1.5C target has been broken, because that refers to a long-term average over decades, but does bring us nearer to doing so as fossil fuel emissions continue to heat the atmosphere.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Last week UN chief António Guterres described the recent run of temperature records as "climate breakdown". <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_1" id="dotcom-mid_1" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"We must exit this road to ruin - and we have no time to lose," he said in his New Year message, calling for countries to slash emissions of planet-warming gases in 2025.<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 gfTVSf"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png.webp" alt="Bar chart of global average annual temperatures between 1940 and 2024. There is a rising trend, and 2024 shows the highest global average temperature of 1.6C, according to the European climate service. The hotter the year, the darker shade of red for the bars." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></figure><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_2" id="dotcom-mid_2" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Global average temperatures for 2024 were around 1.6C above those of the pre-industrial period - the time before humans started burning large amounts of fossil fuels - according to Copernicus data.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">This <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-67861954" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">breaks the record set in 2023<!-- --></a> by just over 0.1C, and means the last 10 years are now the 10 warmest years on record.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The Met Office, Nasa and other climate groups are due to release their own data later on Friday. All are expected to agree that 2024 was the warmest on record, although precise figures vary slightly.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Last year's heat is predominantly due to humanity's emissions of planet-warming gases, such as carbon dioxide, which are still at record highs. <!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Natural weather patterns such as El Niño - where surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become unusually warm - played a smaller role.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"By far and away the largest contribution impacting our climate is greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere," Samantha Burgess, deputy director of Copernicus, tells the BBC.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="links-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl"><div class="sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-0 ctbOlq eluqFz"><div data-testid="links-grid" class="sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-1 hVPZMe jMSIqG"><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24021772" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">A simple guide to climate change<!-- --></h2></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35073297" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">Why does keeping global warming to 1.5C matter?<!-- --></h2></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-64192508" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">What is El Niño and how does it change the weather?<!-- --></h2></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_3" id="dotcom-mid_3" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The 1.5C figure has become a powerful symbol in international climate negotiations ever since it was agreed in Paris in 2015, with many of the most vulnerable countries considering it a matter of survival.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The risks from climate change, such as intense heatwaves, rising sea-levels and loss of wildlife, would be much higher at 2C of warming than at 1.5C, according to <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-45775309" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">a landmark UN report from 2018<!-- --></a>.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Yet the world has been moving closer and closer to breaching the 1.5C barrier.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"When exactly we will cross the long-term 1.5C threshold is hard to predict, but we're obviously very close now," says Myles Allen of the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford, and an author of the UN report.<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 gfTVSf"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/f3b2/live/4b41cf90-cea3-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/f3b2/live/4b41cf90-cea3-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/f3b2/live/4b41cf90-cea3-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/f3b2/live/4b41cf90-cea3-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/f3b2/live/4b41cf90-cea3-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/f3b2/live/4b41cf90-cea3-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/f3b2/live/4b41cf90-cea3-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/f3b2/live/4b41cf90-cea3-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp" alt="Maps for each year since 1970, showing average air temperatures around the world compared with the 1991-2020 reference period. Further down the chart, the maps are covered by increasingly dark shades of red, denoting warmer temperatures. " class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></figure><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_4" id="dotcom-mid_4" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The current trajectory would likely see the world pass 1.5C of long-term warming by the early 2030s. This would be politically significant, but it wouldn't mean game over for climate action.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"It's not like 1.49C is fine, and 1.51C is the apocalypse - every tenth of a degree matters and climate impacts get progressively worse the more warming we have," explains Zeke Hausfather, a climate scientist at Berkeley Earth, a research group in the US.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Even fractions of a degree of global warming can bring more frequent and intense extreme weather, such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In 2024, the world saw <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68835575" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">blistering temperatures in west Africa<!-- --></a>, prolonged <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd6qvpe0dxqo" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">drought in parts of South America<!-- --></a>, intense <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn5zx2zx5xvo" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">rainfall in central Europe<!-- --></a> and some particularly <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-42251921" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">strong tropical storms<!-- --></a> hitting north America and south Asia.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">These events were just some of those <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58073295" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">made more intense by climate change<!-- --></a> over the last year, according to the World Weather Attribution group.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Even this week, as the new figures are released, Los Angeles has been overwhelmed with destructive wildfires fuelled by high winds and a lack of rain.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">While there are many contributing factors to this week's events, <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0ewe4p9128o" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">experts say conditions conducive to fires in California are becoming more likely<!-- --></a> in a warming world.<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 gfTVSf"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/3876/live/7fd3d0b0-ce9d-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/3876/live/7fd3d0b0-ce9d-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/3876/live/7fd3d0b0-ce9d-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/3876/live/7fd3d0b0-ce9d-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/3876/live/7fd3d0b0-ce9d-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/3876/live/7fd3d0b0-ce9d-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/3876/live/7fd3d0b0-ce9d-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/3876/live/7fd3d0b0-ce9d-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp" alt="Graphic showing the distribution of global daily air temperature differences from the 1991-2020 average, for every year between 1940 and 2024. Each individual year resembles a hill, shaded in a darker shade of red and further to the right for warmer years. The trend is clearly towards warmer days." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></figure><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_5" id="dotcom-mid_5" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">It wasn't only air temperatures that set new marks in 2024. The <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68921215" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">world's sea surface also reached a new daily high<!-- --></a>, while the total amount of moisture in the atmosphere reached record levels.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">That the world is breaking new records is not a surprise: 2024 was always expected to be hot, because of the effect of the El Niño weather pattern - which <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68826152" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">ended around April last year<!-- --></a> - on top of human-caused warming.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">But the margin of several records in recent years has been less expected, with some scientists fearing it could represent an acceleration of warming.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"I think it's safe to say that both 2023 and 2024 temperatures surprised most climate scientists - we didn't think we'd be seeing a year above 1.5C this early," says Dr Hausfather.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"Since 2023 we've had around 0.2C of extra warming that we can't fully explain, on top of what we had expected from climate change and El Niño," agrees Helge Gößling, a climate physicist at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany.<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/994c/live/c7093cf0-cf41-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/994c/live/c7093cf0-cf41-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/994c/live/c7093cf0-cf41-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/994c/live/c7093cf0-cf41-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/994c/live/c7093cf0-cf41-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/994c/live/c7093cf0-cf41-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/994c/live/c7093cf0-cf41-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/994c/live/c7093cf0-cf41-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg.webp" alt="AFP A person looks down while wearing a sunhat with taps pouring water into containers (out of frame) with a blue sky in the background, in Morocco in June 2024" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">AFP</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">The extreme temperatures during the Mediterranean heatwave affecting Morocco in July 2024 would have been "virtually impossible" without human-caused climate change, according to the World Weather Attribution group<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_6" id="dotcom-mid_6" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Various theories have been suggested to explain this 'extra' warmth, such as an apparent reduction in the low-level cloud cover that tends to cool the planet, and prolonged ocean heat following the end of El Niño.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"The question is whether this acceleration is something persistent linked to human activities that means we will have steeper warming in the future, or whether it is a part of natural variability," Dr Gößling adds.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"At the moment it's very hard to say."<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Despite this uncertainty, scientists stress that humans still have control over the future climate, and sharp reductions in emissions can lessen the consequences of warming.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"Even if 1.5 degrees is out the window, we still can probably limit warming to 1.6C, 1.7C or 1.8C this century," says Dr Hausfather.<!-- --></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"That's going to be far, far better than if we keep burning coal, oil and gas unabated and end up at 3C or 4C - it still really matters."<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="links-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl"><div class="sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-0 ctbOlq eluqFz"><div data-testid="links-grid" class="sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-1 dFVDta jMSIqG"><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58073295" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">Four ways climate change worsens extreme weather<!-- --></h2></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ckg8dg3ke40o" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">A year of extreme weather that challenged billions<!-- --></h2></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/articles/c1mrz200474o" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">2024 UK's fourth warmest year on record<!-- --></h2></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cwy9dwg7rpeo" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">How is the world doing on tackling climate change?<!-- --></h2></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/articles/c1el8z2d7v8o" data-testid="external-anchor" target="_self" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">The extreme weather events of 2024 as year declared warmest on record<!-- --></h2></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_7" id="dotcom-mid_7" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 gfTVSf"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/91c8/live/97dfb010-cf2a-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/91c8/live/97dfb010-cf2a-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/91c8/live/97dfb010-cf2a-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/91c8/live/97dfb010-cf2a-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/91c8/live/97dfb010-cf2a-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/91c8/live/97dfb010-cf2a-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/91c8/live/97dfb010-cf2a-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.png.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/91c8/live/97dfb010-cf2a-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.png.webp" alt="Thin, green banner promoting the Future Earth newsletter with text saying, “Get the latest climate news from the UK and around the world every week, straight to your inbox”. There is also a graphic of an iceberg overlaid with a green circular pattern." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsletters/zdsgqyc" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Sign up for our Future Earth newsletter<!-- --></a> to get exclusive insight on the latest climate and environment news from the BBC's Climate Editor Justin Rowlatt, delivered to your inbox every week. Outside the UK? <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://cloud.email.bbc.com/FutureEarth_Newsletter_Signup" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Sign up to our international newsletter here<!-- --></a>.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="tags" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl"><div class="sc-4b0aaa-0 dGavUm"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/topics/c302m85q187t" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/science_and_environment" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Science & Environment</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/topics/cg79zvkv0zpt" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">El Niño</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/topics/cm8m13kkyp4t" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Paris climate agreement</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/topics/cmj34zmwm1zt" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Climate</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/topics/cnx753jenyjt" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Environment</a></div></div></div></article><aside data-testid="ohio-section-outer-3" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_type="ohio-3" data-analytics_group_position="1" data-analytics_group_item_count="3" data-analytics_group_name="Related" class="sc-ba42a659-1 GdVOW"><div data-testid="ohio-section-3" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="ohio-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 iphYZF"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="ohio-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gQxUVz">Related<!-- --></span></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="ohio-grid-3" class="sc-5c4cac2b-0 kcaRJj"><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cyv4g7000m4o" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="chester-article" class="sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 dhclWg">No targets for aviation or farming in UK climate plan<!-- --></h2></div></div><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 gwNQGk"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 efYorw">30 Jan 2025</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 kVHhvu"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Climate</span></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="chester-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cwyw5vxdkndo" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div 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quality monitoring league<!-- --></h2></div></div><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 gwNQGk"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 efYorw">27 Jan 2025</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 kVHhvu"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Wolverhampton</span></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></aside><aside data-testid="alaska-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_type="alaska-5" data-analytics_group_position="2" data-analytics_group_item_count="5" data-analytics_group_name="More" class="sc-ba42a659-1 GdVOW"><div data-testid="alaska-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="alaska-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 iphYZF"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="alaska-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gQxUVz">More<!-- --></span></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ"><div data-testid="alaska-grid" class="sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ"><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/crkeyepjx7eo" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">16 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/c517/live/2c4861e0-ea27-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/c517/live/2c4861e0-ea27-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/c517/live/2c4861e0-ea27-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/c517/live/2c4861e0-ea27-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/c517/live/2c4861e0-ea27-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/c517/live/2c4861e0-ea27-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/c517/live/2c4861e0-ea27-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/c517/live/2c4861e0-ea27-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp" alt="A brown and gold-coloured beaver appears to be sitting or walking over bracken on the ground." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">Beavers return to county after 400-year absence<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">A family of eight is released into an enclosure in Rushden.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">16 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Northamptonshire</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cvg875g71lvo" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">16 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/91c1/live/fc9c0ad0-ea9b-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/91c1/live/fc9c0ad0-ea9b-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/91c1/live/fc9c0ad0-ea9b-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/91c1/live/fc9c0ad0-ea9b-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/91c1/live/fc9c0ad0-ea9b-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/91c1/live/fc9c0ad0-ea9b-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/91c1/live/fc9c0ad0-ea9b-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/91c1/live/fc9c0ad0-ea9b-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp" alt="A worker in a high-visibility orange suit and helmet stands inside the massive, curving tunnel of the Thames Tideway Tunnel, illuminated by greenish-blue light. The tunnel extends into the distance, with a bright light shining at the far end." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">London's new super sewer now fully connected<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">The firm behind the super sewer says it can reduce sewage spills into the Thames by 95%.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">16 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">London</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cx2qz8x3j8no" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">20 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/edea/live/dfa69b70-ea3c-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/edea/live/dfa69b70-ea3c-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/edea/live/dfa69b70-ea3c-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/edea/live/dfa69b70-ea3c-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/edea/live/dfa69b70-ea3c-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/edea/live/dfa69b70-ea3c-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/edea/live/dfa69b70-ea3c-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/edea/live/dfa69b70-ea3c-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp" alt="Julia Quecano Casimiro holding a red protest sign , saying "we want justice", while punching the air and surrounded by fellow former farm workers" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">More migrant workers claim UK farm exploitation<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">The UK government says it always takes "decisive action" where abusive practices are found on farms.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">20 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Science & Environment</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cvg87el0wj4o" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">1 day ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/649f/live/450d7c30-ea11-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/649f/live/450d7c30-ea11-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/649f/live/450d7c30-ea11-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/649f/live/450d7c30-ea11-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/649f/live/450d7c30-ea11-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/649f/live/450d7c30-ea11-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/649f/live/450d7c30-ea11-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/649f/live/450d7c30-ea11-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp" alt="Close-up of cross-section of a felled conifer." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">Campaigners criticise road scheme tree felling<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">National Highways says 7,000 trees will be planted to replace those lost during work on the A47.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">1 day ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">England</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_8" id="dotcom-mid_8" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cx2jdnv0ywyo" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">2 days ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/e866/live/884fac20-e7be-11ef-ae7d-97b156abf29f.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/e866/live/884fac20-e7be-11ef-ae7d-97b156abf29f.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e866/live/884fac20-e7be-11ef-ae7d-97b156abf29f.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/e866/live/884fac20-e7be-11ef-ae7d-97b156abf29f.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/e866/live/884fac20-e7be-11ef-ae7d-97b156abf29f.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/e866/live/884fac20-e7be-11ef-ae7d-97b156abf29f.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/e866/live/884fac20-e7be-11ef-ae7d-97b156abf29f.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e866/live/884fac20-e7be-11ef-ae7d-97b156abf29f.jpg.webp" alt="Archaeologist Sophie Jackson in a yellow high vis vest and white hard hat crouching next to a large piece of Roman wall about one metre hight made up of several layers of large grey stones. " class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">Beginnings of Roman London discovered in office basement<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">The discovery has been described as one of the most important pieces of Roman history in the City of London.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">2 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Science & Environment</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></aside><div class="zephr_meter_beta"></div><div class="zephr_story_beta"></div></main><hr data-testid="main-footer-divider" 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All rights reserved. <!-- --><i id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> <!-- --></i>The<!-- --><i id="bbc" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> BBC <!-- --></i>is<!-- --><i id="not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<!-- --></i> <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/feeds-and-links" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Read about our approach to external linking.<!-- --></b></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"> <!-- --></p></div></footer></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"page":{"@\"news\",\"articles\",\"cd7575x8yq5o\",":{"id":"urn:bbc:optimo:asset:cd7575x8yq5o","contents":[{"type":"headline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"2024 first year to pass 1.5C global warming limit","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"2024 first year to pass 1.5C global warming limit","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1736482388876}},{"type":"byline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"contributor","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"name","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mark Poynting, Erwan Rivault and Becky Dale","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mark Poynting, Erwan Rivault and Becky Dale","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"role","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"BBC Climate \u0026 Verify data journalism teams","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"BBC Climate \u0026 Verify data journalism teams","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1736482388876}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Creative image showing wavy white lines on a red background on the left, symbolising the warming world, and a quarter of the globe on the right","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Creative image showing wavy white lines on a red background on the left, symbolising the warming world, and a quarter of the globe on the right","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"width":976,"height":549,"locator":"93cd/live/648591f0-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg","originCode":"cpsprodpb","copyrightHolder":"BBC","suitableForSyndication":true}}],"emphasiseImage":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"suitableForAbridgement":true,"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The planet has moved a major step closer to warming more than 1.5C, new data shows, despite world leaders vowing a decade ago they would try to avoid this.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The planet has moved a major step closer to warming more than 1.5C, new data shows, despite world leaders vowing a decade ago they would try to avoid this.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The European Copernicus climate service, one of the main global data providers, said on Friday that 2024 was the first calendar year to pass the symbolic threshold, as well as the world's hottest on record.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The European Copernicus climate service, one of the main global data providers, said on Friday that 2024 was the first calendar year to pass the symbolic threshold, as well as the world's hottest on record.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"This does not mean the international 1.5C target has been broken, because that refers to a long-term average over decades, but does bring us nearer to doing so as fossil fuel emissions continue to heat the atmosphere.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"This does not mean the international 1.5C target has been broken, because that refers to a long-term average over decades, but does bring us nearer to doing so as fossil fuel emissions continue to heat the atmosphere.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Last week UN chief António Guterres described the recent run of temperature records as \"climate breakdown\". ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Last week UN chief António Guterres described the recent run of temperature records as \"climate breakdown\". ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_1"},{"type":"text","model":{"suitableForAbridgement":false,"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"We must exit this road to ruin - and we have no time to lose,\" he said in his New Year message, calling for countries to slash emissions of planet-warming gases in 2025.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"We must exit this road to ruin - and we have no time to lose,\" he said in his New Year message, calling for countries to slash emissions of planet-warming gases in 2025.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Bar chart of global average annual temperatures between 1940 and 2024. There is a rising trend, and 2024 shows the highest global average temperature of 1.6C, according to the European climate service. The hotter the year, the darker shade of red for the bars.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Bar chart of global average annual temperatures between 1940 and 2024. There is a rising trend, and 2024 shows the highest global average temperature of 1.6C, according to the European climate service. The hotter the year, the darker shade of red for the bars.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"width":1920,"height":1800,"locator":"6de2/live/cffe1510-ce9c-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.png","originCode":"cpsprodpb","copyrightHolder":"BBC","suitableForSyndication":true}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_2"},{"type":"text","model":{"suitableForAbridgement":false,"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Global average temperatures for 2024 were around 1.6C above those of the pre-industrial period - the time before humans started burning large amounts of fossil fuels - according to Copernicus data.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Global average temperatures for 2024 were around 1.6C above those of the pre-industrial period - the time before humans started burning large amounts of fossil fuels - according to Copernicus data.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"This breaks the record set in 2023 by just over 0.1C, and means the last 10 years are now the 10 warmest years on record.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"This ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"breaks the record set in 2023","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"breaks the record set in 2023","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-67861954","isExternal":false}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" by just over 0.1C, and means the last 10 years are now the 10 warmest years on record.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Met Office, Nasa and other climate groups are due to release their own data later on Friday. All are expected to agree that 2024 was the warmest on record, although precise figures vary slightly.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Met Office, Nasa and other climate groups are due to release their own data later on Friday. All are expected to agree that 2024 was the warmest on record, although precise figures vary slightly.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Last year's heat is predominantly due to humanity's emissions of planet-warming gases, such as carbon dioxide, which are still at record highs. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Last year's heat is predominantly due to humanity's emissions of planet-warming gases, such as carbon dioxide, which are still at record highs. ","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Natural weather patterns such as El Niño - where surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become unusually warm - played a smaller role.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Natural weather patterns such as El Niño - where surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become unusually warm - played a smaller role.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"By far and away the largest contribution impacting our climate is greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere,\" Samantha Burgess, deputy director of Copernicus, tells the BBC.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"By far and away the largest contribution impacting our climate is greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere,\" Samantha Burgess, deputy director of Copernicus, tells the 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survival.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The 1.5C figure has become a powerful symbol in international climate negotiations ever since it was agreed in Paris in 2015, with many of the most vulnerable countries considering it a matter of survival.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The risks from climate change, such as intense heatwaves, rising sea-levels and loss of wildlife, would be much higher at 2C of warming than at 1.5C, according to a landmark UN report from 2018.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The risks from climate change, such as intense heatwaves, rising sea-levels and loss of wildlife, would be much higher at 2C of warming than at 1.5C, according to ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"a landmark UN report from 2018","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"a landmark UN report from 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This would be politically significant, but it wouldn't mean game over for climate action.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The current trajectory would likely see the world pass 1.5C of long-term warming by the early 2030s. This would be politically significant, but it wouldn't mean game over for climate action.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"It's not like 1.49C is fine, and 1.51C is the apocalypse - every tenth of a degree matters and climate impacts get progressively worse the more warming we have,\" explains Zeke Hausfather, a climate scientist at Berkeley Earth, a research group in the US.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"It's not like 1.49C is fine, and 1.51C is the apocalypse - every tenth of a degree matters and climate impacts get progressively worse the more warming we have,\" explains Zeke Hausfather, a climate scientist at Berkeley Earth, a research group in the US.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Even fractions of a degree of global warming can bring more frequent and intense extreme weather, such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Even fractions of a degree of global warming can bring more frequent and intense extreme weather, such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In 2024, the world saw blistering temperatures in west Africa, prolonged drought in parts of South America, intense rainfall in central Europe and some particularly strong tropical storms hitting north America and south Asia.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In 2024, the world saw ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"blistering temperatures in west Africa","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"blistering temperatures in west Africa","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68835575","isExternal":false}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", prolonged ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"drought in parts of South America","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"drought in parts of South America","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd6qvpe0dxqo","isExternal":false}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", intense ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"rainfall in central Europe","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"rainfall in central Europe","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn5zx2zx5xvo","isExternal":false}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and some particularly ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"strong tropical storms","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"strong tropical storms","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-42251921","isExternal":false}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" hitting north America and south Asia.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"These events were just some of those made more intense by climate change over the last year, according to the World Weather Attribution group.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"These events were just some of those ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"made more intense by climate change","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"made more intense by climate change","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58073295","isExternal":false}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" over the last year, according to the World Weather Attribution group.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Even this week, as the new figures are released, Los Angeles has been overwhelmed with destructive wildfires fuelled by high winds and a lack of rain.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Even this week, as the new figures are released, Los Angeles has been overwhelmed with destructive wildfires fuelled by high winds and a lack of rain.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"While there are many contributing factors to this week's events, experts say conditions conducive to fires in California are becoming more likely in a warming world.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"While there are many contributing factors to this week's events, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"experts say conditions conducive to fires in California are becoming more likely","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"experts say conditions conducive to fires in California are becoming more likely","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0ewe4p9128o","isExternal":false}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in a warming world.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Graphic showing the distribution of global daily air temperature differences from the 1991-2020 average, for every year between 1940 and 2024. 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The world's sea surface also reached a new daily high, while the total amount of moisture in the atmosphere reached record levels.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"It wasn't only air temperatures that set new marks in 2024. The ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"world's sea surface also reached a new daily high","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"world's sea surface also reached a new daily high","attributes":[]}}],"locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68921215","isExternal":false}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", while the total amount of moisture in the atmosphere reached record levels.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"That the world is breaking new records is not a surprise: 2024 was always expected to be hot, because of the effect of the El Niño weather pattern - which ended around April last year - on top of human-caused warming.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"That the world is breaking new records is not a surprise: 2024 was always expected to be hot, because of the effect of the El Niño weather pattern - which ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"ended around April last 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and 2024 temperatures surprised most climate scientists - we didn't think we'd be seeing a year above 1.5C this early,\" says Dr Hausfather.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"Since 2023 we've had around 0.2C of extra warming that we can't fully explain, on top of what we had expected from climate change and El Niño,\" agrees Helge Gößling, a climate physicist at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"Since 2023 we've had around 0.2C of extra warming that we can't fully explain, on top of what we had expected from climate change and El Niño,\" agrees Helge Gößling, a climate physicist at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The extreme temperatures during the Mediterranean heatwave affecting Morocco in July 2024 would have been \"virtually 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something persistent linked to human activities that means we will have steeper warming in the future, or whether it is a part of natural variability,\" Dr Gößling adds.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"The question is whether this acceleration is something persistent linked to human activities that means we will have steeper warming in the future, or whether it is a part of natural variability,\" Dr Gößling adds.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"At the moment it's very hard to say.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"At the moment it's very hard to say.\"","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Despite this uncertainty, scientists stress that humans still have control over the future climate, and sharp reductions in emissions can lessen the consequences of warming.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Despite this uncertainty, scientists stress that humans still have control over the future 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