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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Qualifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Procedure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Committees</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Committees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Committees subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standing_committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standing_committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Standing committees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standing_committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Special committees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legislative functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Relationship with the Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latest_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latest_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Latest election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latest_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Current composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Former compositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_1993:_212_MPs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_1993:_212_MPs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Before 1993: 212 MPs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_1993:_212_MPs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_1993:_150_MPs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_1993:_150_MPs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>After 1993: 150 MPs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_1993:_150_MPs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="مجلس نواب بلجيكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس نواب بلجيكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B3%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Պելճիքայի Ներկայացուցիչներու Պալատ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պելճիքայի Ներկայացուցիչներու Պալատ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambra_de_Representants_de_B%C3%A8lgica" title="Cambra de Representants de Bèlgica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cambra de Representants de Bèlgica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiens_repr%C3%A6sentantkammer" title="Belgiens repræsentantkammer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Belgiens repræsentantkammer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgische_Abgeordnetenkammer" title="Belgische Abgeordnetenkammer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belgische Abgeordnetenkammer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_B%C3%A9lgica" title="Cámara de Representantes de Bélgica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cámara de Representantes de Bélgica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ambro_de_Reprezentantoj_(Belgio)" title="Ĉambro de Reprezentantoj (Belgio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉambro de Reprezentantoj (Belgio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambre_des_repr%C3%A9sentants_(Belgique)" title="Chambre des représentants (Belgique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chambre des représentants (Belgique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Բելգիայի ներկայացուցիչների պալատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բելգիայի ներկայացուցիչների պալատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_dei_rappresentanti_(Belgio)" title="Camera dei rappresentanti (Belgio) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Camera dei rappresentanti (Belgio)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="בית הנבחרים (בלגיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית הנבחרים (בלגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_(Belsch)" title="Chamber (Belsch) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chamber (Belsch)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9pvisel%C5%91h%C3%A1z_(Belgium)" title="Képviselőház (Belgium) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Képviselőház (Belgium)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Belgium" title="Dewan Perwakilan Belgium – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dewan Perwakilan Belgium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamer_van_volksvertegenwoordigers" title="Kamer van volksvertegenwoordigers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kamer van volksvertegenwoordigers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2_(%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC)" title="代議院 (ベルギー) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="代議院 (ベルギー)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgias_representantkammer" title="Belgias representantkammer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Belgias representantkammer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izba_Reprezentant%C3%B3w_(Belgia)" title="Izba Reprezentantów (Belgia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Izba Reprezentantów (Belgia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_Reprezentan%C8%9Bilor_Belgiei" title="Camera Reprezentanților Belgiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Camera Reprezentanților Belgiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_(%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Палата представителей (Бельгия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палата представителей (Бельгия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)" title="Chamber of Representatives (Belgium) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_edustajainhuone" title="Belgian edustajainhuone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Belgian edustajainhuone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiens_federala_parlament#Representantkammaren" title="Belgiens federala parlament – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Belgiens federala parlament" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="สภาผู้แทนราษฎรเบลเยียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สภาผู้แทนราษฎรเบลเยียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temsilciler_Meclisi_(Bel%C3%A7ika)" title="Temsilciler Meclisi (Belçika) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Temsilciler Meclisi (Belçika)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&params=50_50_48_N_4_21_53_E_source:kolossus-rowiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°50′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°21′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.84667°N 4.36472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.84667; 4.36472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lower house of the Belgian Federal Parliament</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Chamber of Representatives</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><div> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 0px;"> </th></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: </th> <td><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: </th> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Chambre des représentants</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: </th> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Abgeordnetenkammer</i></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Belgium,_2024%E2%80%93" title="List of members of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium, 2024–">56th legislature</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_the_Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives.svg/135px-Emblem_of_the_Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_the_Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives.svg/203px-Emblem_of_the_Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_the_Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives.svg/270px-Emblem_of_the_Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="582" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Lower house</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Belgium" title="List of presidents of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Peter_De_Roover" title="Peter De Roover">Peter De Roover</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Flemish_Alliance" title="New Flemish Alliance">N-VA</a> <br />since 10 July 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">150</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium_Repartition_Chamber_of_Deputies_10072024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Belgium_Repartition_Chamber_of_Deputies_10072024.svg/250px-Belgium_Repartition_Chamber_of_Deputies_10072024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Belgium_Repartition_Chamber_of_Deputies_10072024.svg/375px-Belgium_Repartition_Chamber_of_Deputies_10072024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Belgium_Repartition_Chamber_of_Deputies_10072024.svg/500px-Belgium_Repartition_Chamber_of_Deputies_10072024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="331" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/De_Wever_Government" title="De Wever Government">Government</a> (80)</b> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F9CE19; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Flemish_Alliance" title="New Flemish Alliance">N-VA</a> (23)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0047AB; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">MR</a> (19)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#02E5D2; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Les_Engag%C3%A9s" title="Les Engagés">LE</a> (14)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vooruit_(political_party)" title="Vooruit (political party)">Vooruit</a> (13)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF6200; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christen-Democratisch_en_Vlaams" class="mw-redirect" title="Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams">CD&V</a> (11)</li></ul> <p><b>Confidence & supply (1)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Opposition (69)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFE500; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">VB</a> (20)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Belgium)" title="Socialist Party (Belgium)">PS</a> (16)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Belgium" title="Workers' Party of Belgium">PVDA-PTB</a> (15)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0087DC; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats">Open VLD</a> (8)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#01796F; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Groen_(political_party)" title="Groen (political party)">Groen</a> (7)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5aad39; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ecolo" title="Ecolo">Ecolo</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DD0081; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9FI" title="DéFI">DéFI</a> (1)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 years</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Open_list" title="Open list">Open list</a> <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> within eleven constituencies, with 5% constituency <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral thresholds</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_Belgian_federal_election" title="2024 Belgian federal election">9 June 2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2029_Belgian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2029 Belgian federal election (page does not exist)">On or before 2029</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chambre_Belgique_interieur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chambre_Belgique_interieur.jpg/220px-Chambre_Belgique_interieur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chambre_Belgique_interieur.jpg/330px-Chambre_Belgique_interieur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chambre_Belgique_interieur.jpg/440px-Chambre_Belgique_interieur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Nation" title="Palace of the Nation">Palace of the Nation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekamer.be">www<wbr />.dekamer<wbr />.be</a></span> <br /> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lachambre.be">lachambre<wbr />.be</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Rules</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lachambre.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/reglement/reglementE.pdf">Rules of Procedure of the Belgian House of Representatives</a> (English)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Politics of Belgium</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/130px-State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/195px-State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/260px-State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Belgium" title="Taxation in Belgium">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Court of Belgium">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Monarch</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Belgian_monarchs" title="List of Belgian monarchs">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Brabant" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess of Brabant">Duchess of Brabant</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth,_Duchess_of_Brabant" title="Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant">Elisabeth of Belgium</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Council_of_Belgium" title="Crown Council of Belgium">Crown Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Royal Family</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Federal Parliament</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belgium)" title="Senate (Belgium)">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Senate of Belgium">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_D%27Hose" title="Stephanie D'Hose">Stephanie D'Hose</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chamber of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eliane_Tillieux" title="Eliane Tillieux">Eliane Tillieux</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Belgium">Federal Cabinet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Croo_Government" title="De Croo Government">De Croo Government</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Belgium" title="Judiciary of Belgium">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Administrative jurisdictions <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Belgium)" title="Council of State (Belgium)">Council of State</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Highest court</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Belgium)" title="Court of Cassation (Belgium)">Court of Cassation</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">Appellate courts</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Court_of_appeal_(Belgium)" title="Court of appeal (Belgium)">Court of appeal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Court_of_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of labour">Court of labour</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_court" title="Trial court">Trial courts</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Court_of_assizes_(Belgium)" title="Court of assizes (Belgium)">Court of assizes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tribunal_of_first_instance_(Belgium)" title="Tribunal of first instance (Belgium)">Tribunal of first instance</a> <dl><dd>Civil tribunal</dd> <dd>Correctional tribunal</dd> <dd>Family and juvenile tribunal</dd> <dd>Sentence enforcement tribunal</dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Labour_Court_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Court (Belgium)">Labour tribunal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Court_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Court (Belgium)">Enterprise tribunal</a></dd></dl></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Minor crimes</li><li>Minor claims</li></ul></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Police_tribunal_(Belgium)" title="Police tribunal (Belgium)">Police tribunal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace_(Belgium)" title="Justice of the peace (Belgium)">Justice of the peace</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Recent <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>European <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2009 European Parliament election in Belgium">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2014 European Parliament election in Belgium">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2019 European Parliament election in Belgium">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2024 European Parliament election in Belgium"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li>Federal <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Belgian_federal_election" title="2010 Belgian federal election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Belgian_federal_election" title="2014 Belgian federal election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Belgian_federal_election" title="2019 Belgian federal election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Belgian_federal_election" title="2024 Belgian federal election">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li>Regional <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Belgian_regional_elections" title="2009 Belgian regional elections">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Belgian_regional_elections" title="2014 Belgian regional elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Belgian_regional_elections" title="2019 Belgian regional elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Belgian_regional_elections" title="2024 Belgian regional elections">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li>Local <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Belgian_local_elections" title="2006 Belgian local elections">2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Belgian_local_elections" title="2012 Belgian local elections">2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Belgian_local_elections" title="2018 Belgian local elections">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Belgian_local_elections" title="2024 Belgian local elections">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Belgium">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Subdivisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities and regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Belgium" title="Arrondissements of Belgium">Arrondissements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Belgium" title="Municipalities of Belgium">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belgium" title="Foreign relations of Belgium">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France-Belgium_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France-Belgium relations">France-Belgium relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium-Germany_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgium-Germany relations">Belgium-Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium-United_Kingdom_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgium-United Kingdom relations">Belgium-United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium-Netherlands_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgium-Netherlands relations">Belgium-Netherlands relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="Belgium–Luxembourg relations">Belgium–Luxembourg relations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/32px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/64px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Belgium portal</a><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Belgium" title="Template:Politics of Belgium"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Belgium" title="Template talk:Politics of Belgium"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Belgium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Belgium"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Chamber of Representatives</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Chambre des représentants</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Abgeordnetenkammer</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is one of the two chambers in the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Federal Parliament</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the other being the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belgium)" title="Senate (Belgium)">Senate</a>. It is considered to be the "<a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>" of the Federal Parliament. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members_and_elections">Members and elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Members and elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 62 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Belgian Constitution</a> fixes the number of seats in the Chamber of Representatives at 150. There are 11 electoral districts, which correspond with the ten <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_regions_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of regions in Belgium">Provinces</a> (five Dutch- and five French-speaking) and the <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels-Capital Region">Brussels-Capital Region</a>. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Belgian_state_reform" title="Sixth Belgian state reform">sixth Belgian state reform</a>, the province of <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> was divided into two electoral districts: one for <a href="/wiki/Leuven_Arrondissement" class="mw-redirect" title="Leuven Arrondissement">Leuven</a> and the other, named <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde" title="Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde">Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde</a> (BHV), which encompassed both the 19 bilingual municipalities from the <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels-Capital Region">Brussels-Capital Region</a> and the 35 Dutch-speaking municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Halle-Vilvoorde" title="Arrondissement of Halle-Vilvoorde">Halle-Vilvoorde</a> in Flemish Brabant, including seven <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_with_linguistic_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities with linguistic facilities">municipalities with linguistic facilities</a> for French-speaking inhabitants. </p><p>The seats are divided among the political parties using the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a> of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, which slightly favours large parties and coalitions. There is an electoral threshold of 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Representatives are divided into two so-called "language groups". Of the total of 150 representatives, 88 are part of the Dutch-language group, which consists of representatives from the Dutch-language area, and 62 are part of the French-language group, which consists of representatives from the French-language area and the German-language area. For the representatives from the Brussels region, the language in which they take their oath as a representative determines which language group they belong to. Following the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_federal_election,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian federal election, 2007">2007 federal election</a>, the Chamber has a German-speaking member (<a href="/wiki/Kattrin_Jadin" title="Kattrin Jadin">Kattrin Jadin</a>) for the first time since 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, because of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian constitution">Belgian constitution</a>, both linguistic communities are granted equal powers in the parliament. Although in general bills can be passed without a majority in both linguistic groups, bills relating to specific issues (so-called 'community laws') cannot and need the consent of both language groups.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following table shows the current (2024) distribution of seats between the language groups and the electoral districts. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Palais_de_la_Nation_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Palais_de_la_Nation_-_01.jpg/270px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Palais_de_la_Nation_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Palais_de_la_Nation_-_01.jpg/405px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Palais_de_la_Nation_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Palais_de_la_Nation_-_01.jpg/540px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Palais_de_la_Nation_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="2579" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Nation" title="Palace of the Nation">Palace of the Nation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, home to both Chambers of the Federal Parliament of Belgium</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Dutch language group </th> <th colspan="2">French language group </th></tr> <tr> <th>Electoral district</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Electoral district</th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels Capital Region">Brussels Capital Region</a> (bilingual) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3/16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels Capital Region">Brussels Capital Region</a> (bilingual) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13/16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antwerp (province)">Antwerp</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hainaut_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainaut (province)">Hainaut</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liège (province)">Liège</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(Belgium)" title="Luxembourg (Belgium)">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Limburg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Namur_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Namur (province)">Namur</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Brabant" title="Walloon Brabant">Walloon Brabant</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>90 </th> <th>Total </th> <th>60 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prestation_de_serment_de_L%C3%A9opold_II_le_17_d%C3%A9cembre_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prestation_de_serment_de_L%C3%A9opold_II_le_17_d%C3%A9cembre_1865.jpg/220px-Prestation_de_serment_de_L%C3%A9opold_II_le_17_d%C3%A9cembre_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prestation_de_serment_de_L%C3%A9opold_II_le_17_d%C3%A9cembre_1865.jpg/330px-Prestation_de_serment_de_L%C3%A9opold_II_le_17_d%C3%A9cembre_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prestation_de_serment_de_L%C3%A9opold_II_le_17_d%C3%A9cembre_1865.jpg/440px-Prestation_de_serment_de_L%C3%A9opold_II_le_17_d%C3%A9cembre_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3486" data-file-height="5307" /></a><figcaption>Leopold II takes the oath</figcaption></figure> <p>Article 64 of the Belgian constitution sets forth four qualifications for representatives: each representative must be at least 21 years old, possess Belgian nationality, have the full enjoyment of civil and political rights, and be resident in Belgium. A representative can only enter into office after having taken the oath of office, in any of the three official languages in Belgium: Dutch, French or German. Representatives can also choose to take the oath in more than one language. The oath of office is as follows: <i>"I swear to observe the Constitution"</i>. (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Ik zweer de Grondwet na te leven</i>, French: <i lang="fr">Je jure d'observer la Constitution</i>, German: <i lang="de">Ich schwöre, die Verfassung zu befolgen</i>) </p><p>Certain offices are incompatible with the office of representative.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of a regional or community parliament who take the oath of office as a representative automatically cease to sit in the regional or community parliament, in accordance with the Belgian Electoral Code. The same applies the other way around as well, a representative who takes the oath of office in a regional or community parliament automatically ceases to be a representative. A member of the Chamber of Representatives may not also be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Senate">Senate</a> at the same time, and senators must give up their seats in the Senate in order to join the Chamber of Representatives. </p><p>Another important incompatibility is based on the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>. A representative appointed as a minister ceases to sit in the Chamber of Representatives. During their service, the representative is replaced. Individuals resigning as a minister can return to the Chamber in accordance with Article 50 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Belgian Constitution</a>. A representative cannot be a civil servant or a member of the judiciary at the same time, however, a civil servant who is elected to the Chamber is entitled to political leave and doesn't have to resign as a civil servant. It is also not possible to be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Federal Parliament</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> at the same time. </p><p>The Chamber of Representatives does not systematically check whether any of these (or other) incompatibilities applies to its members, however, newly elected members are informed of the most important incompatibilities at the start of their mandate and it is up to them to verify that they are in compliance with the regulations regarding incompatibilities and, if not, to determine which office they will abandon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Officers">Officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chamber of Representatives elects a presiding officer, known as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives">president</a>, at the beginning of each parliamentary term, which starts on the second Tuesday of October each year. The President is assisted by up to five vice-presidents, two of which are known respectively as the first vice-president and the second vice-president, who are also elected at the beginning of each parliamentary term. The President is customarily a member of one of the parties forming the government coalition, only thrice in the history of the Chamber has the President been a member of the opposition. The first vice-president is usually a member of the other language group than that of the President. The current President of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives is <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dewael" title="Patrick Dewael">Patrick Dewael</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Open_Vld" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vld">Open Vld</a>. </p><p>The president presides over the plenary assembly of the Chamber of Representatives, guides and controls debates in the assembly, and is responsible for ensuring the democratic functioning of the Chamber, for the maintenance of order and security in the assembly and for enforcing the Rules of the Chamber of Representatives. The president represents the Chamber at both the national (to the other institutions) and the international level. The president also assesses the admissibility of bills and proposals. </p><p>The president of the Chamber, together with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Belgian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Belgian Senate">President of the Belgian Senate</a>, ranks immediately behind the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian monarchy">King</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">order of precedence</a>. The elder of the two takes the second place in the order of precedence, while the other takes the third. The presidents of the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate rank above the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Prime Minister</a>. </p><p>The Bureau of the Chamber of Representatives is composed of the President, the Vice-Presidents, the Secretaries and the floor leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Fraction_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraction (politics)">fractions</a> with at least five members. The fractions that have at least 12 members and have no President, Vice-President or Secretary sitting on the Bureau can appoint an additional member. The Bureau is elected for the duration of one parliamentary term, but in practice the composition of the Bureau remains the same for the entire duration of the legislature, which is four years, unless the Federal Parliament is dissolved early. The Bureau is responsible for the management of the Chamber of Representatives. In addition, the Bureau also appoints and dismisses the staff of the Chamber of Representatives. The Bureau usually meets once every three months. </p><p>There is also a Conference of Presidents, which is one of the most important bodies of the Chamber of Representatives. It consists of the president and vice-presidents of the Chamber, former presidents of the Chamber who are still members of the Chamber and the <a href="/wiki/Floor_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor leader">floor leader</a> and a member of each fraction. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Federal Government">federal government</a> responsible for the relations with the Chamber attends the meetings of the Conference as well. The Conference meets weekly to discuss the day-to-day business and the work of the Chamber. </p><p>The Chamber of the Representatives has, just like the Senate a College of Quaestors, which consists of five representatives who are elected by the plenary assembly for a duration of two years. The Quaestors are in charge of the housekeeping of the Chamber, they are also responsible for matters such as human resources and computers. The Colleges of Quaestors of the Senate and the Chamber meet regularly to settle common problems concerning the library, buildings, security, catering, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedure">Procedure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like the Senate, the Chamber of Representatives meets in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Nation" title="Palace of the Nation">Palace of the Nation</a> in Brussels. The <a href="/wiki/Hemicycle_(chamber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemicycle (chamber)">hemicycle</a> of the Chamber is decorated in green. In contrast, the hemicycle of the Senate is decorated in red. These colours were inspired on the colours used by the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Belgian Constitution</a> provides that the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Federal Parliament</a> meets by right on the second Tuesday of October every year for a parliamentary session of at least 40 days. This means that the parliamentary session is opened automatically without being convened by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">King</a>. The Constitution also provides that the Senate cannot meet when the Chamber of Representatives is not in session. Although the Constitution provides that the Federal Parliament must remain in session for at least 40 days, in practice it remains in session throughout the year. In principle, an ordinary session lasts from the second Tuesday of October until the day before the second Tuesday of October the following year, however, the Federal Parliament goes into recess three times a year, for the Christmas holidays, the Easter holidays and for the summer holidays from 20 July until the end of September. If the Federal Parliament is dissolved and new <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">elections</a> are held before the end of the parliamentary term, then the newly elected Chamber meets in extraordinary session until the start of the next ordinary session.<sup id="cite_ref-workings_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workings-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The committees of the Chamber of Representatives usually meet on Tuesday and Wednesday. On Wednesday, the Conference of President meets to set the agenda for the plenary session. On Thursday morning the <a href="/wiki/Fraction_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraction (politics)">fractions</a> meet. The Chamber of Representatives usually meets for a <a href="/wiki/Plenary_session" title="Plenary session">plenary session</a> on Thursday afternoon and every two weeks it meets in plenary session on Wednesday as well. Every Thursday afternoon between 2:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. is <a href="/wiki/Question_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Question Time">Question Time</a>. There are usually no parliamentary activities on Friday.<sup id="cite_ref-workings_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workings-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 53 of the constitution provides that at least a majority of its members must be present in order for the Chamber to make decisions. It is noteworthy that this does not apply to all business of the Chamber, such as debates or questions to members of the federal government, but that a <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a> must only be present in order to make decisions. If not enough members are present, the decision is invalid. In order to make a decision, at least 50% plus 1 of the members present and voting must vote in the affirmative. If a vote is tied, the president does not have a <a href="/wiki/Casting_vote" title="Casting vote">casting vote</a> and the proposal is rejected. The procedure outlined in Article 53 of the constitution applies to all most decisions, however, the constitution establishes two exceptions: to amend the constitution, a two-thirds majority of the members must be present and at least two-thirds of the votes cast must be in the affirmative, and in order to adopt a so-called special law, a <a href="/wiki/Qualified_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Qualified majority">qualified majority</a> of 50% plus 1 of each language group must be present and at least 50% plus 1 must be present and at least 50% plus 1 of the votes cast in each language group, as well as two-thirds of the votes cast of the two language groups together, must be in the affirmative.<sup id="cite_ref-Votes_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Votes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chamber may vote in three manners. Firstly, it may vote by <a href="/wiki/Recorded_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Recorded vote">roll call</a>. In the past, the names of the members were read in alphabetical order and each member had to announce his or her vote when his name was called, however, since 1995, voting by roll call has been done electronically. Voting by roll call is the most frequently used method and is compulsory in three cases: at the end of debates on a government statement, the vote on bills as a whole and when requested by at least eight members. Secondly, the Chamber may vote by sitting and standing. This method is used in less important cases requiring quick treatment and in which there is a clear majority. In the event of doubt, the vote is taken again or done electronically. Voting by sitting and standing is anonymous and is used for votes on amendments and individual articles of a bill. Finally, the Chamber may conduct a secret vote. In principle, the votes are public and votes on legislation are never secret, only the appointments and nominations the Chamber has to make take place by secret vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Votes_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Votes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Committees">Committees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Chamber of Representatives uses committees for a variety of purposes. The Chamber has several standing committees, each of which has responsibility for a particular area of government (for example justice or social affairs). These standing committees examine and consider bills and legislative proposals, and may for this purpose hold hearings. A standing committee comprises 17 Representatives, members are appointed using proportional representation. The chairpersons of the committees are also divided among the parties in accordance with the same principle of proportional representation. As a result, some committees are chaired by members of the opposition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standing_committees">Standing committees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Standing committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of standing committees: </p> <ul><li>Defence</li> <li>Social Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Chamber_Committee_on_Justice" title="Belgian Chamber Committee on Justice">Justice</a></li> <li>Foreign Relations</li> <li>Revision of the Constitution and Reform of the Institutions</li> <li>Problems regarding Commercial and Economic Law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Chamber_Committee_on_the_Interior" title="Belgian Chamber Committee on the Interior">Interior, General Affairs and the Civil Service</a></li> <li>Economy, Science Policy, Education, National Scientific and Cultural Institutions, Middle Classes and Agriculture</li> <li>Finances and Budget</li> <li>Infrastructure, Communications and Public Enterprises</li> <li>Public Health, Environment and Social Renewal</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_committees">Special committees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Special committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are also special committees, such as the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Chamber_Committee_on_Naturalisations" title="Belgian Chamber Committee on Naturalisations">Committee on Naturalisations</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_functions">Legislative functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legislative functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the elections of 21 May 1995, there has been a breakdown of powers<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between the Chamber of Representatives and the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Senate">Senate</a>, which resulted in the Senate having fewer competences than the Chamber of Representatives. Prior to that, the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate did the same legislative work on an equal footing. This means that both chambers had to pass exactly the same version of a bill. </p><p>In certain matters both the Chamber and the Senate still have equal power, which means that both Chambers must pass exactly the same version of the bill. These include constitutional revisions, laws requiring a qualified majority (the so-called "community laws"), laws on the basic structure of the Belgian State, laws approving agreements of cooperation between the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Federal State</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Communities_and_regions_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities and regions of Belgium">Communities</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Communities_and_regions_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities and regions of Belgium">Regions</a>, laws on the approval of international treaties, and laws on the organisation of the judiciary, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Belgium)" title="Council of State (Belgium)">Council of State</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Court of Belgium">Constitutional Court of Belgium</a>. However, bills concerning international treaties are introduced in the Senate first before moving on to the Chamber. </p><p>Through functions like the scrutiny of cabinet minister before meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> or <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>, the appointment of EU-rapporteurs and participation in <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Parliamentary_Committees_for_Union_Affairs" title="Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs">Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs</a> the House of Representatives also plays a role in <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> policy making.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For almost all other legislation, the Chamber of Representatives takes precedence over the Senate. However, the Senate may still intervene as a chamber of consideration and reflection as it has the opportunity to, within specific time limits, examine the texts adopted by the Chamber and, if there is a reason to do so, make amendments. The Chamber can subsequently adopt or reject the amendments proposed by the Senate or make new proposals. Whatever the case, the Chamber has the final word on all "ordinary legislation". The Senate may also submit a bill it has adopted to the Chamber which can approve, reject or amend it, in this case the Chamber also has the final word. </p><p>There are also certain matters for which the Chamber of Representatives is exclusively responsible. These matters include the granting of <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalisations</a>, passing legislation with regard to the civil and criminal liability of the ministers of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Federal Government">Federal Government</a>, the government budget and the State's accounts, appointing parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">ombudsmen</a> and examine their activities, and determining military quotas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_the_Government">Relationship with the Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Relationship with the Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The members of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Federal Government">Federal Government</a> are answerable to the Chamber of Representatives, in accordance with Article 101 of the Constitution. On taking office, the Federal Government must have the confidence of the majority of the representatives. The Chamber of Representatives is also exclusively responsible for the political control of the Federal Government. The confidence in the Federal Government may be revoked by the Chamber at any time by the adoption of a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> or by the rejection of a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion of confidence">motion of confidence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the fragmented nature of Belgian politics, no party family has a realistic chance of winning the 76 seats needed for an outright majority in the Chamber of Representatives. Furthermore, no party family can realistically win enough seats to govern alone. As a result, nearly all Belgian governments since the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> have been coalitions between two or more parties or party families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latest_election">Latest election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Latest election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Belgian_federal_election" title="2024 Belgian federal election">2024 Belgian federal election</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_composition">Current composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Current composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)</a></div> <p>Current party standings, as of September 2019: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Affiliation </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Ideology </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Language<br />group </th> <th>Members </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F9CE19"> </td> <td><b>N-VA</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Flemish_Alliance" title="New Flemish Alliance">New Flemish Alliance</a> <i><small>Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bart_De_Wever" title="Bart De Wever">Bart De Wever</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish nationalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a> to <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a></td> <td>Dutch </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F9CE19; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FF0000"> </td> <td><b>PS</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parti_Socialiste_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Socialiste (Belgium)">Socialist Party</a> <i><small>Parti Socialiste</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Magnette" title="Paul Magnette">Paul Magnette</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">Centre-left</a> to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a></td> <td>French </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FFE500"> </td> <td><b>VB</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Flemish Interest</a> <i><small>Vlaams Belang</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Van_Grieken" title="Tom Van Grieken">Tom Van Grieken</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a></td> <td>Dutch </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFE500; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #0047AB"> </td> <td><b>MR</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">Reformist Movement</a> <i><small>Mouvement Réformateur</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Bouchez" title="Georges-Louis Bouchez">Georges-Louis Bouchez</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Belgium" title="Liberalism in Belgium">Liberalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></td> <td>French </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0047AB; color:inherit; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #5aad39"> </td> <td><b>Ecolo</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecolo" title="Ecolo">Ecolo</a> <i><small>Ecolo</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajae_Maouane" title="Rajae Maouane">Rajae Maouane</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marc_Nollet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marc Nollet (page does not exist)">Jean-Marc Nollet</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">Centre-left</a> to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a></td> <td>French </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #5aad39; color:inherit; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FF6200"> </td> <td><b>CD&V</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christen-Democratisch_en_Vlaams" class="mw-redirect" title="Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams">Christian Democratic & Flemish</a> <i><small>Christen-Democratisch & Vlaams</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Mahdi" title="Sammy Mahdi">Sammy Mahdi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a></td> <td>Dutch </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF6200; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #8B0000"> </td> <td><b>PVDA-PTB</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Belgium" title="Workers' Party of Belgium">Workers' Party of Belgium</a> <i><small>Partij van de Arbeid van België – Parti du Travail de Belgique</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hedebouw" title="Raoul Hedebouw">Raoul Hedebouw</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">Left-wing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left</a></td> <td>Bilingual </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #8B0000; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #0087DC"> </td> <td><b>Open VLD</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats</a> <small><i>Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten</i></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egbert_Lachaert" title="Egbert Lachaert">Egbert Lachaert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Belgium" title="Liberalism in Belgium">Liberalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">Centre-right</a></td> <td>Dutch </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0087DC; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #DC241F"> </td> <td><b>Vooruit</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forward_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward (Belgium)">Forward</a> <i><small>Vooruit</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Depraetere" title="Melissa Depraetere">Melissa Depraetere</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">Centre-left</a></td> <td>Dutch </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF2900; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #01796F"> </td> <td><b>Groen</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green (political party)">Green</a> <small><i>Groen</i></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meyrem_Almaci" title="Meyrem Almaci">Meyrem Almaci</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">Centre-left</a> to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a></td> <td>Dutch </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #01796F; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F4761A"> </td> <td><b>LE</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_Engag%C3%A9s" title="Les Engagés">The Committed Ones</a> <i><small>Les Engagés</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Pr%C3%A9vot" title="Maxime Prévot">Maxime Prévot</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a></td> <td>French </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: {{#02E5D2}}; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #DD0081"> </td> <td><b>DéFI</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9FI" title="DéFI">Democratic, Federalist, Independent</a> <i><small>DéFI</small></i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_De_Smet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François De Smet (page does not exist)">François De Smet</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">Regionalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a></td> <td>French </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DD0081; color:inherit; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_compositions">Former compositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Former compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Before_1993:_212_MPs">Before 1993: 212 MPs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Before 1993: 212 MPs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1978–1981</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:red; width:12.4%; color:white">26 </td> <td style="background:red; width:12.5%; color:white">31 </td> <td style="background:red; width:1.0%; color:white">1 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:26.1%; color:white">57 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:10.1%; color:white">25 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:4.6%; color:white">15 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:10.4%; color:white">22 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:7.0%; color:black">14 </td> <td style="background:orchid; width:4.7%; color:white">11 </td> <td style="background:gold; width:2.3%; color:white">4 </td> <td style="background:gray; width:1.0%; color:white">1 </td> <td style="background:darkred; width:3.3%; color:white">4 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:1.4%; color:white">1 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>BSP </td> <td>PSB </td> <td>PSB (LUX) </td> <td>CVP </td> <td>PSC </td> <td>PRLW </td> <td>PVV </td> <td>VU </td> <td>FDF + RW </td> <td>RW </td> <td>UDRT-RAD </td> <td>KPB-PCB </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1981–1985</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:2.3%; color:white">2 </td> <td style="background:green; width:2.2%; color:white">2 </td> <td style="background:red; width:12.4%; color:white">26 </td> <td style="background:red; width:12.2%; color:white">35 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:19.3%; color:white">43 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:6.5%; color:white">18 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:8.0%; color:white">24 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:12.9%; color:white">28 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:9.8%; color:black">20 </td> <td style="background:orchid; width:4.2%; color:white">8 </td> <td style="background:gray; width:2.2%; color:white">3 </td> <td style="background:darkred; width:1.0%; color:white">2 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:1.1%; color:white">1 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Agalev </td> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>SP </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CVP </td> <td>PSC </td> <td>PRL </td> <td>PVV </td> <td>VU </td> <td>FDF + RW </td> <td>UDRT-RAD </td> <td>KPB-PCB </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1985–1987</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:3.8%; color:white">4 </td> <td style="background:green; width:2.5%; color:white">5 </td> <td style="background:red; width:14.6%; color:white">32 </td> <td style="background:red; width:13.8%; color:white">35 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:21.3%; color:white">49 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:8.0%; color:white">20 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:10.2%; color:white">24 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:10.8%; color:white">22 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:7.9%; color:black">16 </td> <td style="background:orchid; width:1.2%; color:white">3 </td> <td style="background:gray; width:1.2%; color:white">1 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:1.4%; color:white">1 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Agalev </td> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>SP </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CVP </td> <td>PSC </td> <td>PRL </td> <td>PVV </td> <td>VU </td> <td>FDF </td> <td>UDRT-RAD </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1987–1991</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:4.5%; color:white">6 </td> <td style="background:green; width:2.6%; color:white">3 </td> <td style="background:red; width:14.9%; color:white">32 </td> <td style="background:red; width:15.6%; color:white">40 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:19.5%; color:white">43 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:8.0%; color:white">19 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:9.4%; color:white">23 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:11.5%; color:white">25 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:8.1%; color:black">16 </td> <td style="background:orchid; width:1.2%; color:white">3 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:1.9%; color:white">2 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Agalev </td> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>SP </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CVP </td> <td>PSC </td> <td>PRL </td> <td>PVV </td> <td>VU </td> <td>FDF </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1991–1995</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:4.9%; color:white">7 </td> <td style="background:green; width:5.1%; color:white">10 </td> <td style="background:red; width:12.0%; color:white">28 </td> <td style="background:red; width:13.5%; color:white">35 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:16.8%; color:white">39 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:7.7%; color:white">18 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:8.1%; color:white">20 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:12.0%; color:white">26 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:5.9%; color:black">10 </td> <td style="background:orchid; width:1.5%; color:white">3 </td> <td style="background:gray; width:3.2%; color:white">3 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:6.6%; color:white">12 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:1.1%; color:white">1 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Agalev </td> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>SP </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CVP </td> <td>PSC </td> <td>PRL </td> <td>PVV </td> <td>VU </td> <td>FDF + PPW </td> <td>ROSSEM </td> <td>VB </td> <td>FN </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="After_1993:_150_MPs">After 1993: 150 MPs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: After 1993: 150 MPs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1995–1999</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:4.4%; color:white">5 </td> <td style="background:green; width:4.0%; color:white">6 </td> <td style="background:red; width:12.6%; color:white">20 </td> <td style="background:red; width:11.9%; color:white">21 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:17.2%; color:white">29 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:7.7%; color:white">12 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:10.3%; color:white">18 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:13.1%; color:white">21 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:4.7%; color:black">5 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:7.8%; color:white">11 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:2.3%; color:white">2 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Agalev </td> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>SP </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CVP </td> <td>PSC </td> <td>PRL + FDF </td> <td>VLD </td> <td>VU </td> <td>VB </td> <td>FN </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1999–2003</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:7.0%; color:white">9 </td> <td style="background:green; width:7.4%; color:white">11 </td> <td style="background:red; width:10.2%; color:white">14 </td> <td style="background:red; width:9.5%; color:white">19 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:14.1%; color:white">22 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:5.9%; color:white">10 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:10.1%; color:white">18 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:14.3%; color:white">23 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:5.6%; color:black">8 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:9.9%; color:white">15 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:1.5%; color:white">1 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Agalev </td> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>SP </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CVP </td> <td>CDH </td> <td>PRL + FDF </td> <td>VLD </td> <td>VU&ID </td> <td>VB </td> <td>FN </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>2003–2007</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:3.1%; color:white">4 </td> <td style="background:red; width:14.9%; color:white">23 </td> <td style="background:red; width:13.0%; color:white">25 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:13.3%; color:white">21 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:5.5%; color:white">8 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:11.4%; color:white">24 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:15.4%; color:white">25 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:3.1%; color:black">1 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:2.0%; color:white">1 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:11.6%; color:white">18 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>SP.A + Spirit </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CD&V </td> <td>CDH </td> <td>MR </td> <td>Open VLD </td> <td>N-VA </td> <td>FN </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>2007–2010</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:5.10%; color:white">8 </td> <td style="background:green; width:3.98%; color:white">4 </td> <td style="background:red; width:10.26%; color:white">14 </td> <td style="background:red; width:10.86%; color:white">20 </td> <td style="background:#FFCC00; width:18.51%; color:white">30 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:6.06%; color:white">10 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:12.52%; color:white">23 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:11.83%; color:white">18 </td> <td style="background:lightblue; width:4.03%; color:white">5 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:1.97%; color:white">1 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:11.99%; color:white">17 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>Groen! </td> <td>SP.A </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CD&V + N-VA </td> <td>CDH </td> <td>MR </td> <td>Open VLD </td> <td>LDD </td> <td>FN </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>2010–2014</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:green; width:4.80%; color:white">8 </td> <td style="background:green; width:4.38%; color:white">5 </td> <td style="background:red; width:9.24%; color:white">13 </td> <td style="background:red; width:13.70%; color:white">26 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:10.85%; color:white">17 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:5.52%; color:white">9 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:9.28%; color:white">18 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:8.64%; color:white">13 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:17.40%; color:black">27 </td> <td style="background:lightblue; width:2.31%; color:white">1 </td> <td style="background:purple; width:1.29%; color:white">1 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:7.76%; color:white">12 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>Groen! </td> <td>SP.A </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CD&V </td> <td>CDH </td> <td>MR </td> <td>Open VLD </td> <td>N-VA </td> <td>LDD </td> <td>PP </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>2014–2019</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:#BB0000; width:1.20%; color:white">2 </td> <td style="background:green; width:3.60%; color:white">6 </td> <td style="background:green; width:3.60%; color:white">6 </td> <td style="background:red; width:7.80%; color:white">13 </td> <td style="background:red; width:14.40%; color:white">23 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:10.80%; color:white">18 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:5.40%; color:white">9 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:11.40%; color:white">20 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:8.40%; color:white">14 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:19.80%; color:black">33 </td> <td style="background:purple; width:1.00%; color:white">1 </td> <td style="background:orchid; width:1.20%; color:white">2 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:1.80%; color:white">3 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>PTB-GO! </td> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>Groen </td> <td>SP.A </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CD&V </td> <td>CDH </td> <td>MR </td> <td>Open VLD </td> <td>N-VA </td> <td>PP </td> <td>FDF </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>2019–2024</b> </p> <table style="width:100%; font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:#BB0000; width:7.20%; color:white">12 </td> <td style="background:green; width:7.80%; color:white">13 </td> <td style="background:green; width:4.80%; color:white">8 </td> <td style="background:red; width:5.40%; color:white">9 </td> <td style="background:red; width:12.00%; color:white">20 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:7.20%; color:white">12 </td> <td style="background:orange; width:3.00%; color:white">5 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:8.40%; color:white">14 </td> <td style="background:blue; width:7.20%; color:white">12 </td> <td style="background:yellow; width:15.00%; color:black">25 </td> <td style="background:orchid; width:1.20%; color:white">2 </td> <td style="background:brown; width:10.80%; color:white">18 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold; color:#996;"> <td>PTB-PVDA </td> <td>Ecolo </td> <td>Groen </td> <td>SP.A </td> <td>PS </td> <td>CD&V </td> <td>CDH </td> <td>MR </td> <td>Open VLD </td> <td>N-VA </td> <td>DéFI </td> <td>VB </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Belgium" title="List of presidents of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium">List of presidents of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgian Federal Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Senate">Belgian Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Politics of Belgium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including <a href="/wiki/Alexia_Bertrand" title="Alexia Bertrand">Alexia Bertrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Open_Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats">Open Vld</a>), elected on MR's Brussels list, but has chosen to sit in the Dutch-speaking language group, and therefore together with Open VLD in parliament.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including <a href="/wiki/Tinne_Van_der_Straeten" title="Tinne Van der Straeten">Tinne Van der Straeten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groen_(political_party)" title="Groen (political party)">Groen</a>), elected on Ecolo's Brussels list, but has chosen to sit in the Dutch-speaking language group, and therefore together with Groen in parliament.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈkaːmər<span class="wrap"> </span>vɑɱ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈvɔlksfərteːɣə(n)ˌʋoːrdəɣərs]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/32\/Nl-Kamer_van_Volksvertegenwoordigers.ogg\/Nl-Kamer_van_Volksvertegenwoordigers.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-Kamer_van_Volksvertegenwoordigers.ogg/Nl-Kamer_van_Volksvertegenwoordigers.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Kamer_van_Volksvertegenwoordigers.ogg" title="File:Nl-Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʃɑ̃bʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>de<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁəpʁezɑ̃tɑ̃]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈapɡəʔɔʁdnətn̩ˌkamɐ]</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/02/03/jean-marie-dedecker-verlaat-n-va-kamerfractie">"Jean-Marie Dedecker verlaat N-VA-Kamerfractie: "Ik wil de vrijheid om de regering te controleren"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jean-Marie+Dedecker+verlaat+N-VA-Kamerfractie%3A+%22Ik+wil+de+vrijheid+om+de+regering+te+controleren%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vrt.be%2Fvrtnws%2Fnl%2F2025%2F02%2F03%2Fjean-marie-dedecker-verlaat-n-va-kamerfractie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.fgov.be/index.php?id=3294&L=0#b2">"Répartition des sièges: La Chambre des Représentants"</a>. <i>Belgian government web site</i>. Interior department<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belgian+government+web+site&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9partition+des+si%C3%A8ges%3A+La+Chambre+des+Repr%C3%A9sentants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.fgov.be%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D3294%26L%3D0%23b2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701125550/http://www.mr.be/News/news.php?id=2958">"Les 23 députés MR ont prêté serment à la Chambre – Prestation de Serment aussi au Sénat pour les 6 sénateurs MR"</a> (in French). Mouvement Réformateur. 29 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mr.be/News/news.php?id=2958">the original</a> on 1 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+23+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s+MR+ont+pr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+serment+%C3%A0+la+Chambre+%E2%80%93+Prestation+de+Serment+aussi+au+S%C3%A9nat+pour+les+6+s%C3%A9nateurs+MR&rft.pub=Mouvement+R%C3%A9formateur&rft.date=2007-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mr.be%2FNews%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D2958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051112001201/http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/10E.pdf">"Fact Sheet on the composition of the Chamber"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Belgian Chamber of Representatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/10E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet+on+the+composition+of+the+Chamber&rft.pub=The+Belgian+Chamber+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dekamer.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fpdf_sections%2Fpri%2Ffiche%2F10E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.be/english/federal_parliament_en.html#T.4.1">"Incompatibilities and disqualifications"</a>. The Belgian Senate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Incompatibilities+and+disqualifications&rft.pub=The+Belgian+Senate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.be%2Fenglish%2Ffederal_parliament_en.html%23T.4.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203124701/http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/13E.pdf">"Visitor's Guide to the Belgian Federal Parliament"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Belgian Chamber of Representatives and Senate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/13E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visitor%27s+Guide+to+the+Belgian+Federal+Parliament&rft.pub=The+Belgian+Chamber+of+Representatives+and+Senate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dekamer.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fpdf_sections%2Fpri%2Ffiche%2F13E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-workings-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-workings_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-workings_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203124701/http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/13E.pdf">"Factsheet on the workings of the Chamber of Representatives"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Belgian Chamber of Representatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/13E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+on+the+workings+of+the+Chamber+of+Representatives&rft.pub=The+Belgian+Chamber+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dekamer.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fpdf_sections%2Fpri%2Ffiche%2F13E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Votes-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Votes_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Votes_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203124713/http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/13_02E.pdf">"Factsheet on the workings of the Chamber of Representatives: Votes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Belgian Chamber of Representatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/13_02E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+on+the+workings+of+the+Chamber+of+Representatives%3A+Votes&rft.pub=The+Belgian+Chamber+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dekamer.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fpdf_sections%2Fpri%2Ffiche%2F13_02E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043252/http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/15E.pdf">"Factsheet on the Senate"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Belgian Chamber of Representatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/15E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+on+the+Senate&rft.pub=The+Belgian+Chamber+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dekamer.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fpdf_sections%2Fpri%2Ffiche%2F15E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europe.dekamer.be/?language=NL">"De Kamer met zicht op Europa - La Chambre avec vue sur l'Europe"</a>. <i>europe.dekamer.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europe.dekamer.be&rft.atitle=De+Kamer+met+zicht+op+Europa+-+La+Chambre+avec+vue+sur+l%27Europe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurope.dekamer.be%2F%3Flanguage%3DNL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930042904/http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/11E.pdf">"Factsheet on the Chamber of Representatives"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Belgian Chamber of Representatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/pri/fiche/11E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+on+the+Chamber+of+Representatives&rft.pub=The+Belgian+Chamber+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dekamer.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fpdf_sections%2Fpri%2Ffiche%2F11E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChamber+of+Representatives+%28Belgium%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekamer.be">Chamber of Representatives Official Webpage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governments_of_Belgium" title="Template talk:Governments of Belgium"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governments_of_Belgium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governments of Belgium"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governments_of_Belgium495" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_Belgium" title="List of governments in Belgium">Governments of Belgium</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Belgium" title="Federal Government of Belgium">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Belgium)" title="Council of Ministers (Belgium)">Cabinet of Belgium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chamber of Representatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium">Representatives</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_Belgium" title="Constituencies of Belgium">Constituencies</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belgium)" title="Senate (Belgium)">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Senate of Belgium">Senators</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State Coat of Arms of Belgium"><img alt="State Coat of Arms of Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/100px-State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/150px-State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/200px-State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels-Capital Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_and_government_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region" title="Politics and government of the Brussels-Capital Region">Government</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region" title="Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region">Minister-President</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region" title="Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region">Parliament</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Parliament_of_the_Brussels-Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region">members</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flemish</a> <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Community</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(merged institutions)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Government" title="Flemish Government">Government</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_Flanders" title="Minister-President of Flanders">Minister-President</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Parliament" title="Flemish Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Flemish_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Flemish Parliament">members</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Walloon Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wallonia" title="Government of Wallonia">Government</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_Wallonia" title="Minister-President of Wallonia">Minister-President</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Wallonia" title="Parliament of Wallonia">Parliament</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Walloon_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Walloon Parliament">members</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_French_Community" title="Government of the French Community">Government</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_the_French_Community" title="Minister-President of the French Community">Minister-President</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_French_Community" title="Parliament of the French Community">Parliament</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Parliament_of_the_French_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Parliament of the French Community">members</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Community_of_Belgium" title="German-speaking Community of Belgium">German-speaking Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_German-speaking_Community" title="Government of the German-speaking Community">Government</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_the_German-speaking_Community" title="Minister-President of the German-speaking Community">Minister-President</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_German-speaking_Community" title="Parliament of the German-speaking Community">Parliament</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Parliament_of_the_German-speaking_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Parliament of the German-speaking Community">members</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Politics of Belgium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Belgium">Political parties in Belgium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">Elections in Belgium</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lower_houses_of_national_legislatures473" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_lower_houses" title="Template talk:National lower houses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National lower houses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lower_houses_of_national_legislatures473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower houses</a> of national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Argentine Chamber of Deputies">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Austria)" title="National Council (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples%27_Representatives" title="House of Peoples' Representatives">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Mexico)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nepal)" title="House of Representatives (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nigeria)" title="House of Representatives (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia#House_of_the_People" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislative_Assembly_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislative Assembly (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Sudan" title="National Assembly of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Assembly" title="People's National Assembly">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="House of Representatives (Antigua and Barbuda)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas#House_of_Assembly" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_(Bahrain)" title="Council of Representatives (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Barbados" title="House of Assembly of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Belarus)" title="House of Representatives (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Belize)" title="House of Representatives (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bhutan)" title="National Assembly (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Bolivia)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Burundi)" title="National Assembly (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cambodia)" title="National Assembly (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cameroon)" title="National Assembly (Cameroon)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Central_African_Republic)" title="National Assembly (Central African Republic)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="Chamber of Deputies of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="House of Representatives (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Eswatini" title="House of Assembly of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Gabon" title="National Assembly of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada#House_of_Representatives" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Haiti)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Indonesia)" title="House of Representatives (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Ivory_Coast)" title="National Assembly (Ivory Coast)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Jordan)" title="House of Representatives (Jordan)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4jilis" title="Mäjilis">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kenya)" title="National Assembly (Kenya)">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Lesotho)" title="National Assembly (Lesotho)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Liberia" title="House of Representatives of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Madagascar)" title="National Assembly (Madagascar)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Morocco)" title="House of Representatives (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyithu_Hluttaw" title="Pyithu Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Namibia)" title="National Assembly (Namibia)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Assembly_(Oman)" title="Consultative Assembly (Oman)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Delegates_of_Palau" title="House of Delegates of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Paraguay" title="Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Romania)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Romania)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Rwanda)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Saint_Lucia" title="House of Assembly of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Slovenia)" title="National Assembly (Slovenia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="National Assembly of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">Spain</a></li> <li><a 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