CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.ethnologue.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e739a1dd9d34acc',cH: 'p17jEkZErGsfxbjq3Dxs3C.FEmn5x5coYew8WXod_GY-1732390522-1.2.1.1-E5Snn4s_kYhEh5jdlmapMgwAXzFOsqZeXtJblOkCtt7w4kpHiWxvLS5604u30dOH',cUPMDTk: "\/bibliography.asp?__cf_chl_tk=2qXULAmlGNLPNxJY8ITgAgbPFkpkVHErpY1jKrJadOo-1732390522-1.0.1.1-50xUbz5X589bDv2QZJgXLZrlQSoD__S0rBCRLzMhvgQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732390522',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/bibliography.asp?__cf_chl_f_tk=2qXULAmlGNLPNxJY8ITgAgbPFkpkVHErpY1jKrJadOo-1732390522-1.0.1.1-50xUbz5X589bDv2QZJgXLZrlQSoD__S0rBCRLzMhvgQ",md: "JAowFP2Bp5vkHxtmniTEkN60_3DEfyR9IJesYhpnqVE-1732390522-1.2.1.1-nR54Wnq3ezmO7CJB3hSDK0aUVz.QF2nvJAnuo2tiHp9pvVO5Yt_gUA2.o1Q.buRNyWqPZCUxdgjr6LKWqLp7FSnG__HjpgmQzuQSuQLfXHyihUqWqJNeAXK6XF7R5kRJVFZBxk6rP_nt0JBsTMHo0J..L8LWvlLZ0QhR45PEhGVC3s1D8OmiA35jyWGNEjOSZ6InQU3m4dk_860385yXkPm04DFFDtSe1pG0RLYi61k_Je5bggRM9iGgv.M4vkJTE_6HfKayzlOyJ547lyyzrOojMlrAZ0L3hucNAwsLGlPR9vXUOLAAEF3xRz7jV07etHo_nfFusV7gdjaUqIhOn4TE9bx5eP2QGZGMLyvYzv7.bcdbgLd.cqR2npGKSI3zVYL.hzTlT8XfB65IiaipFYIOKlMeaGYFUceK8IQFU8NxrbtTWXHKPa1pSYz8HHnvYRtzpYfWmClUguJaL3cjCA8LP4jNALR882yon8KCRbJ9HopHrSU.ra8YQGkpCS1BHHtnkgNk9omnvJK8IZMj6NuJ6gXaEyYiZkV9JbZVDhEzpud8bDX_SQSC6OJ0A7QC7fYOMrEcYFbaqcl_q1Ss2cIls7X7csXSua3nNSNqGOtItdmUVShFMGtFJZIaEoOmvjAUPZdbIq4p8LH3DHLm7BkCSeP7XzClb8V6ugsJaW7NgZSy96H7sY6SpCc8cjDGW77goBU47MSobURm3iymRVu4vfI17wQW3UdihfHaYCM7oHkcSBg9VUxQcm.mXjrU4FXIKwyZK_X5iJz8G62cGG1CAVxVwz6LeOt4Sl7Qc6fT_pyb8EyavC9vQghKbTsPuyHZ3mg_zcpYpjlC6R35ZfYd6Wqq7VqSLRAGPj_KASG.K64G7IWkkZQ4aleTZO5vdedADfZwMduQ7KjNuj0TNGgcv34weg8Qb9tXnNdJjZ0aF7KxVbg0v2O8CZFoyyuHRgR_z7rWnAD.s1qUj07Xed5g1AisbufNTdKtyHYocOiAxQTR8Ro_H0UymXA5F.JrS1D2cCncJK960PQ4hybSrUWVQUvlB5EJ5m3toDu2ywhc6Tu0AVpD50hcWm0dJ1wsal7D0stXxjIPRW5qcqkCfwRo0Ifspod4ShQy7ZjN86fkvnKP1B1TmDIrNUC.qQIvFrEcWIIX4mTaO.1GIRrLrWZopRrYaYdWEIRqUP7fiw2DrXG.zENpebP9R1bBUpqQ0Z.N3k2Tk5hMEioNeAOpGnf3nwl.4NkRTtLQQrzvVlRUDI6MaGEUsN31hykh.Rm.UH.FZvUVwg9MckA42tSfFOE6zatRb5Rwue5gJJQzVA3ngKAehb_SwkwcrzIx8O7.7lFuEipUgM0iW6lIYKI42S4o0TGl0_1W88sKFs9xlQr0KnvPYAfBdotcpKLAbEvBa_W8Z5Hu51gT1pw0pmTOcOWD7eMBvp_COalTFkpK_H3vU_R4wWKHcq2fK5dPIOBjWRsngTiflvjGsbOCNfgrvZe3DdyC0KJXqAGxyUf0SWVmoJRzQQCOKhya.RcB9pbdV8k_BCFf_B4OYQt4uLc0jE1SshFAEWqeAIdfFoTTKWiFdf4dfnV7fFcbjLJAR9sF_VVGEN7xUtxBwC4HlAwjx1pBP2XMbGR4RVZTCTquqies4fuDmtGXzibYENQYB3RSWtFK.1dUlHpY5uKo3OGVk6PbpDjBRIFpCFFmu2TpQYuqtcEpEadFwp9qzUXpCgzwPOd8HlCk16rd2JVw0EfVpTdVY6Fjll_KPbyhkXUWuVEnxO8ARe.tOc89fpS19M9Uji6nvMdYzu1kQMQR0_1FyHC3qJSBVfxqh8xrruo8dB4.mGIVXUR7ZVpCVzhR_ndn8_pn8ezJEwmrrKDditKnMu.oVCoQQcSSl5YXA_g4PsgGmBVz1c4.PhbcGbS_.VZi3wmChQ1Uwq1JCImpFWlHrSDZlioV1BZeZpO1s3Xe1DlUQWcvD8mWfBlZYTtEKgPvDdkqYocn5xS6ixHIwengVYDO1GbkJhh1bWZ88S.UPG_WS4n0SpafADA3k_g9W.VbJZid9En_tQEPmpdyyeLCnaujbIdYQbB5iqG8VrzSGyJYfPM_80f1.XK4Mi4B9L3xVI85tmNru8PuaK5jRN7K6CFdYcSwoJG5TGHu6Z5MJ5GmijOhTxwJvqFoeLvkKSPw.avCM6CAbKZu03bIuegqIR9.JaBQr9VZRjH4ES84h9Q.cYlzq4hzrru4_DyBQG.XvKUKFPyivr9v9ogkOcOvDZodjdL.pURMvqxaR9NtLXejY94U6dxEQkld2HAbstLFP8xr3ZVIFqlfM7_al15fpcu6Wj1omQGFpX7e6jpJaAgNAmY3kEuLxIqJTaQwcjGMyrDiZ5GMwx5BUJY55ObCGefRtnhOT_RFYI2FdmV4nEU8PLE_xKjHKFYVwsTBVqqYfGY.C8p.Xv97ASUWaObOzUTm_oaCD01gwz53gKMzJgJxSMBScj1ANdVZb64ZQuFpYWFVUGcT.mw9pyFrQI87mnGeIZM9qw9LcLWbq7u1vEyULW3xycB3wwTNl1FRo6lrCijr3CAX1Ur9Qm2hKrIp1VQFpBx.yGD8A5Q3f4MfFf.Q5nyDCRir3616L0GpLna0_RjBaLgKyYMAd5oyi91tpRWu0AYQPIldjZ.0QjsYM57eRGFKzgwxIrwIC_Zi6mWgmuvg9ameoXPx5FICNVzIZ8.o3A0jkaWRIiTHvX18vspGE_ILrouplr7gzimAKZ5ocudIYb8NlM6rnQh3ykufp3XYprbdn0HQwkKwb2_VRyPA_t8e_UAZ7nNgR_lUVy6b4wSIuwkDyCQfamNv8nnE.02VTcNmgMR4Wvm09QLE4fWTLC3L2qNWB9TNSNAydc7vwIdNQHMvm9D7TmgE7swW1.E.l1NBD_YXGnztNpN1Xzw",mdrd: "UUgciEjB9cE5ViEHvPU2h1sDWfs5geuvz7WfMV4N1Cs-1732390522-1.2.1.1-jKEiFcXUhCW40sp091Ag6FYAzGjJjX7hQb5Eus7CIVFVfJC967.8gWh69IT67s.o8S_D7cOhogUPlc.mNsaVGGQFHb3zVc6_gU8kJp8e8js6hBBW7bQjCSGRPVyp1__qkXGbvJLC6YMs717ZyIwdXRKkPakK.M1pvCFPxDNXkG9SvEv4UEYYdYeRI0rIfPc3XSJTCdPJaTxtOxhTHRfXUgtjgp2lSlVYRp.6CTXLeNQY.0FqE7B_Xu_YY4vV4oMq8EQ3UdSppZ0KJp8hJIqxhKBS9ZbqnAFQF4HvN1KxoHShJFIkUNPB7hpWNBe6YbjzEAQhbJJhjEhCWZHafryzrsxcvV6LmM2n_3pVD7ChM6Rov6SgJczcVJVAFIwUL2cmF2zdAx_ERfDOXpCCl3WSRkaudrrpDyNKYayZwDFShflORgpoN8tBWvRnFaHNmJeGLXPQnhzD24CqhJY.q36KXGzjk7W60PjoxRUYEkEhtFO3gs.rnb2SUavDry.rmhhn7.IRgnxdH2_9eaieI02iqMeHnDTJIynehBhpVBHYeb_zvTyjIA2kbCLsyMOkFNgkL2NPWoet6vGAoNabWuljarJXpNUqmQC5RNE2.pQKGkNChDSsoB2NqVZt6FmKFcKDwFZRQBi.s7pqGj780sAVyrvmOxCxzKIz2lfRaGYwtDqL_5sQehhZIKX2ZsL1uhSOeCYVSp5ztxrFsymvHDZtKF_Lltf5qXN3r86k5H0dexsWK4DzhepxxKI8zWpTR13aaPpsKjhWE9.5s6J8BR8BzWL5CVvYzn6iOpzoN5Db_qpumvIOq3AmPF8LV7JS5YDZtYrpn4CGWAN54Uf9PIuAczEofYWJ3mIBDcgYUXwheOk6yqOxhHQu_j59WHujs777mqlq1f7c2mfXa7WUEDLkcwWs88.QcdOpjFxSg1IEGtj7g2oQSGqgBx2q2ipVeFM.KIPleBYC7nxUtTlNkUBx7kuMaf9QBhScUgDJFCl2cNMTeunKQoka2jy.6.cc949Q7oiCQ_QpZWjmO.6Qgbb9OCbUlD.yTF7nSEJ2elCQsJuMqBtDXaaHy2moMb8TBjQ6Y1IXo2v61m1teQ5rNwPWKLGx77.MEoPNNpJnlgY2TtjZ24XWcPBehKu1HJVQO5oNWswYDCqmusSLO2Cc8UIu97ayLQ6hzx0LOogmAk2FhoWrbOyQOjtijjpRT7wC_wLEEt6qNVzSqTN4A6apFghy8p0t.9lRLj7RkiDQGeT5k5Jf8G27a72Cx4vevZ2auUq5RhGkolS.GjyIr4VlUVbCeE3..yMboj5AlofjmBEr6Rxt9.nxQOrbUcQtYmBqgCPS.HYSeX_UvvPfvVNat41N_Eq5H6MXtoBxSuDWfjbaq0IRRQukJdKvgkLRS.RNUoxebw.1DejwW2i3DqCkhbPjXN46zAMgs7_yvFRQkica9tFvvt78dXAV5ApbBPCc3WdcLQvks4vkT3e_NBfSbZzRYTH.3wBKTAzBU57epiP5pBmQokwKAbckIgbEbmCJY3RYYKg9ClIg1pOCI8Jn.Ts0xLiB6MnXrOraIf.1m2aXS4Ii7sxCumSWcFXOfJczZmvrxA1STYWWh.jQf_CUKaOM37vuOQg4bQ_9wwxcldNtcNqi6yGMJigfyb56vJ9qyePHLDI25pFHochdRnywACt4YPAdbFbapTudEXxKL1i_wyYd0SXyQCONNgPq5AY.uR2ghl2Bnvyw58TQq0HVgfp9BC.Pno0F_ji0eWh2s5djaSaS81HYWnJLXFwwgMm9M94yA7WDh2ztzQKMc4l1aXNX5bXOXCVayOTOT0WEhP8Yk81Q7Wzh72P0niAj59TB2oIqKqENUWUS2Agl_A8wJoj.yYdh2MqkK8Bd4fJT6NJyFkN3dHZjjwNqz6W0Uyn2Qs2pPXg4d4lBMkzsZuhTzDo3xTTpLXXWbvtluFHNTQUGN3X5xCzwOkDUvU4M70EK6rb2"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e739a1dd9d34acc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/bibliography.asp?__cf_chl_rt_tk=2qXULAmlGNLPNxJY8ITgAgbPFkpkVHErpY1jKrJadOo-1732390522-1.0.1.1-50xUbz5X589bDv2QZJgXLZrlQSoD__S0rBCRLzMhvgQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>