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...visitUNESCO by Yaromir...: wrze艣nia 2021

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background-position: left; min-height: 371px; _height: 371px; background-repeat: no-repeat; '> <div class='titlewrapper' style='background: transparent'> <h1 class='title' style='background: transparent; border-width: 0px'> <a href='https://visitunescobyyaromir.blogspot.com/'> ...visitUNESCO by Yaromir... </a> </h1> </div> <div class='descriptionwrapper'> <p class='description'><span> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='header-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class='tabs-outer'> <div class='tabs-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left tabs-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right tabs-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner tabs-inner'> <div class='tabs section' id='crosscol' name='Wszystkie kolumny'><div class='widget Text' data-version='1' id='Text1'> <div class='widget-content'> <br />Jest rok 1972. UNESCO - organizacja wyspecjalizowana ONZ - ustanawia "List臋 艣wiatowego dziedzictwa". Maj膮 na ni膮 trafi膰 arcydzie艂a dziedzictwa kulturowego: zabytki, groty, zespo艂y budowli, dzie艂a cz艂owieka, stanowiska archeologiczne oraz cuda dziedzictwa naturalnego: pomniki przyrody, parki narodowe, formacje geologiczne, strefy naturalne.<br /><br />Jest rok 1978. Pierwszych 12 obiekt贸w zostaje wpisanych na t膮 presti偶ow膮 List臋. W艣r贸d nich 2 w Polsce: Stare Miasto w Krakowie i Kopalnia Soli w Wieliczce. W nast臋pnych latach kolejne miejsca o "wyj膮tkowej powszechnej warto艣ci" trafiaj膮 na List臋, coraz wi臋cej pa艅stw przyjmuje lub ratyfikuje Konwencj臋.<br /><br />Jest rok 2013. Lista liczy sobie ju偶 kilkaset miejsc. Po powrocie z Bliskiego Wschodu wpadam na pomys艂, by odwiedzi膰, pozna膰 i utrwali膰 na zdj臋ciach jak najwi臋cej z nich.<br /><br />Jest rok 2018. Zak艂adam bloga, by podzieli膰 si臋 z Wami tym, co widzia艂em...<br /><br /><span ="" style="color:#666666;">Na chwil臋 obecn膮 - po konferencji w New Delhi w lipcu 2024 - Lista obejmuje <b>1226</b> obiekt贸w (w tym 3 obiekty skre艣lone), w 168 Pa艅stwach-Stronach Konwencji.</span><br /> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> <div class='tabs no-items section' id='crosscol-overflow' name='Cross-Column 2'></div> </div> </div> <div class='tabs-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='main-outer'> <div class='main-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left main-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right main-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner main-inner'> <div class='columns fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-center-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-left-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-right-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <!-- corrects IE6 width calculation --> <div class='columns-inner'> <div class='column-center-outer'> <div class='column-center-inner'> <div class='main section' id='main' name='G艂贸wny'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='blog-posts hfeed'> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>sobota, 4 wrze艣nia 2021</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOdAN2yn4p16KUmR9mnqWw_Vm17YFOQs1PHWLNj_wfa8_LQMByU-wc35JKliI10Gxfbxdiycp-LWuxZPc9fNiR_IiZ1HHOZqJF_W_f24Y0UGfcajbDfzV59G4UiODKbRuHySq_Npp5mio/w640-h640/214.png' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='641998139715934164' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='7367169032329988895' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='7367169032329988895'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://visitunescobyyaromir.blogspot.com/2021/09/rudawy.html'>Rudawy</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-7367169032329988895' itemprop='description articleBody'> <h3><b><span style="font-size: large;">...visit &#8470; 214...</span></b></h3><div><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOdAN2yn4p16KUmR9mnqWw_Vm17YFOQs1PHWLNj_wfa8_LQMByU-wc35JKliI10Gxfbxdiycp-LWuxZPc9fNiR_IiZ1HHOZqJF_W_f24Y0UGfcajbDfzV59G4UiODKbRuHySq_Npp5mio/s768/214.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOdAN2yn4p16KUmR9mnqWw_Vm17YFOQs1PHWLNj_wfa8_LQMByU-wc35JKliI10Gxfbxdiycp-LWuxZPc9fNiR_IiZ1HHOZqJF_W_f24Y0UGfcajbDfzV59G4UiODKbRuHySq_Npp5mio/w640-h640/214.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: large;">...czyli: o trzech "krzykach" G贸r Kruszcowych...</span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span>Jest takie s艂owo w j臋zyku niemieckim, funkcjonuj膮ce od zamierzch艂ych czas贸w, a oznaczaj膮ce mniej wi臋cej to samo co "gor膮czka z艂ota" znana z XIX-wiecznej historii Ameryki P贸艂nocnej. Wyra偶enie&nbsp;<i>Berggeschrei</i> mo偶na przet艂umaczy膰 jako "krzyk g贸r" lub "wrzask g贸r", a powszechnie u偶ywane by艂o przez stulecia jako okre艣lenie biegn膮cej z szybko艣ci膮 b艂yskawicy nowiny o znalezieniu gdzie艣 na odludnych terenach bogatych z艂贸偶 drogocennych kruszc贸w. Takie g贸ry wtedy "krzycza艂y" na ca艂y 艣wiat o swoich skarbach ukrytych pod ziemi膮, przyci膮gaj膮c natychmiast ze wszystkich stron g贸rnik贸w, kupc贸w, wypalaczy w臋gla drzewnego, rzemie艣lnik贸w oraz wszelkiej ma艣ci w艂贸cz臋g贸w, w艣r贸d kt贸rych nie brakowa艂o osobnik贸w o mocno podejrzanej proweniencji. Szybko powstawa艂y pierwsze prymitywne kopalnie, przy nich osady i wioski, kt贸re najcz臋艣ciej z biegiem lat przekszta艂ca艂y si臋 w o艣rodki miejskie z ca艂ym swym przybytkiem - karczmami, ko艣cio艂ami i urz臋dami g贸rniczymi. Gdy pok艂ady surowc贸w okazywa艂y si臋 wielkie i bogate, miasta r贸wnie偶 pi臋knia艂y, a ich mieszka艅cy z pokolenia na pokolenie stawali si臋 coraz bardziej maj臋tni. Historia zna kilka takich przypadk贸w, gdy po odkryciu cennych z艂贸偶</span></b><b><span>, w kr贸tkim czasie, po艣r贸d dzikich g贸rskich ost臋p贸w wyrasta艂y ca艂kiem poka藕ne ludzkie skupiska. Tak te偶 rzecz si臋 mia艂a w przypadku Rudaw, dawniej zwanych G贸rami Kruszcowymi (niem. Erzgebirge, czes. Kru</span>拧noho艡铆), pasma le偶膮cego dzi艣 w p贸艂nocnych Czechach i po艂udniowo-wschodnich Niemczech (Saksonia), w bezpo艣rednim s膮siedztwie doliny 艁aby...<br /></b><b>Pierwszy "krzyk" G贸r Kruszcowych poszed艂 w 艣wiat w 1168 roku, kiedy to nieliczni osadnicy mieszkaj膮cy w okolicy dzisiejszego Freiberga, podczas odkrywkowego wydobywania cyny, 偶elaza i miedzi natrafili na poka藕n膮 偶y艂臋 srebra. G贸rnicy, kt贸rzy wtedy nap艂yn臋li masowo g艂贸wnie z G贸r Harzu, osiedlaj膮c si臋, zostali zwolnieni z podatk贸w feudalnych p艂aconych w艂a艣cicielom ziemskim, dzi臋ki czemu mogli ca艂kowicie po艣wi臋ci膰 si臋 wydobyciu rud metali. Ale 偶eby nie by艂o zbyt pi臋knie, bezpo艣redni膮 zap艂at臋 w postaci dziesi臋ciny g贸rskiej (tzw. <i>Bergzehnt</i>) pobiera艂 od nich margrabia Mi艣ni - suweren i w艂a艣ciciel praw g贸rniczych...<br /></b><b>Poszukiwania rud ci膮gn臋艂y si臋 przez nast臋pne wieki po艣r贸d 艂agodnych grzbiet贸w Rudaw. Drugi "krzyk" by艂 ju偶 pot臋偶nym wrzaskiem. Trzysta lat po pierwszym odkryciu, w 1470 roku w Schneeberg znaleziono obfite z艂o偶a srebra. Nie min臋艂o dwadzie艣cia lat, gdy podobne pok艂ady drogocennego kruszcu ods艂oni臋to w zboczu g贸ry Schreckenberg, gdzie dzi艣 stoj膮 bli藕niacze miasta Annaberg i Buchholz. Wie艣ci o tych znaleziskach przyci膮gn臋艂y ju偶 nie tylko gwark贸w, ale te偶 i bogatych inwestor贸w. Wkr贸tce kopalnie srebra, a tak偶e innych metali nie偶elaznych - cyny, miedzi, cynku i o艂owiu - zacz臋艂y powstawa膰 jedna po drugiej, jak Rudawy d艂ugie i szerokie...<br /></b><b>By艂 te偶 w historii G贸r Kruszcowych trzeci "krzyk", niespe艂na sto lat temu, zwi膮zany z odkryciem nowych, 艣miertelnie niebezpiecznych rud metali. Niestety, ten&nbsp;</b><b><span><i>Berggeschrei</i></span></b><b>&nbsp;zapisa艂 si臋 w g贸rniczej historii regionu czarnymi zg艂oskami. Ale o tym na samym ko艅cu opowie艣ci...<br /></b><b>Wpisany na List臋 UNESCO region g贸rniczy Rudaw sk艂ada si臋 z 22 miejsc i obszar贸w po艂o偶onych po obu stronach czesko-niemieckiej granicy. Maj膮c do dyspozycji tylko trzy dni pobytu w tym malowniczym pa艣mie g贸rskim, musimy z Margit膮 ograniczy膰 si臋 do zwiedzenia zaledwie kilku z nich. Z najdawniejszych czas贸w osadnictwa nie pozosta艂o tu ju偶 prawie nic, ocala艂e b膮d藕 zrekonstruowane obiekty pochodz膮 najcz臋艣ciej z okresu drugiego "krzyku", zaczynaj膮cego si臋 od ko艅ca XV wieku. Niemiecka Lauta, kt贸r膮 wzmiankowano ju偶 w 1434 roku, szczyci艂a si臋 przez wieki wydobyciem poka藕nych ilo艣ci srebra z kopalni "Rudolph-Schacht". Do dzi艣 przetrwa艂y jej oryginalne podziemne chodniki i szyby, na powierzchni za艣 wiernie odbudowano drewniany kierat konny s艂u偶膮cy do wyci膮gania urobku:</b></span></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDov2BV0YfezMH5vTN3Y4RWD8XYqoZ_UAMs7YzlXk64s9SR6wFcw9EBwL6184EALxFEiLKm6KRGRjpuiC5T2Jy7eKikbvrOkwJdeHc2JOatCtU9LVW_bkxczkW7SfATA9nfJac3hQXeE4/s800/6+Lauta+%2528DE%2529+-+kierat+konny+kopalni+%2527%2527Rudolphschacht%2527%2527.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="531" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDov2BV0YfezMH5vTN3Y4RWD8XYqoZ_UAMs7YzlXk64s9SR6wFcw9EBwL6184EALxFEiLKm6KRGRjpuiC5T2Jy7eKikbvrOkwJdeHc2JOatCtU9LVW_bkxczkW7SfATA9nfJac3hQXeE4/s16000/6+Lauta+%2528DE%2529+-+kierat+konny+kopalni+%2527%2527Rudolphschacht%2527%2527.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <b><span style="color: #ffd966;">1. Lauta (Niemcy) - drewniany kierat konny kopalni srebra "Rudolph-Schacht"</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Dawna g贸rnicza osada Lauta jest dzi艣 dzielnic膮 le偶膮cego nieopodal miasta, kt贸re powsta艂o w 1521 roku z inicjatywy ksi臋cia saskiego Henryka Pobo偶nego, na wie艣膰 o odkryciu 偶y艂 srebra w pobliskiej dolinie Schlettenbach. Owo miasto zosta艂o zbudowane na "go艂ej ziemi", 艣ci艣le rozplanowane wed艂ug renesansowej mod艂y przez architekta i geodet臋 g贸rniczego Ulricha R眉leina von Calw. Jako 偶e pobo偶na bra膰 g贸rnicza nazwa艂a ju偶 s膮siednie osady na cze艣膰 艣wi臋tego Joachima (J谩chymov) i 艣wi臋tej Anny (Annaberg), nie pozosta艂o nic innego, jak nowe za艂o偶enie ochrzci膰 imieniem ich c贸rki Marii, p贸藕niejszej matki Jezusa. Tak powsta艂 Marienberg, kt贸ry do dzi艣 posiada uwa偶any za pierwszy na p贸艂noc od Alp symetryczny renesansowy uk艂ad ulic krzy偶uj膮cych si臋 pod k膮tem prostym, z centralnym rynkiem, okaza艂ym g贸rniczym ko艣cio艂em mariackim i budynkiem ratusza:</span></b></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqfTSw03KQuc6_MblazbCQ_sQzav2ZD8jQ-19a6vcbAZwbCWYQhcnUMi7Vd6gOKDFJitn-AkNf3UB9U4LbPErNpYatqMNl_zcvIYBVw4wNMle17RDCt9r_h_zfUEOwbZgFi_fBGvhnf6Q/s800/7+Marienberg+%2528DE%2529+-+ratusz+g%25C3%25B3rniczy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqfTSw03KQuc6_MblazbCQ_sQzav2ZD8jQ-19a6vcbAZwbCWYQhcnUMi7Vd6gOKDFJitn-AkNf3UB9U4LbPErNpYatqMNl_zcvIYBVw4wNMle17RDCt9r_h_zfUEOwbZgFi_fBGvhnf6Q/s16000/7+Marienberg+%2528DE%2529+-+ratusz+g%25C3%25B3rniczy.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <b><span style="color: #ffd966;">2. Marienberg (Niemcy) - budynek Ratusza, siedziba w艂adz miasta i dawnego Urz臋du G贸rniczego</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Srebro, najwi臋ksze bogactwo tych g贸r, musia艂o by膰 jako艣 wytapiane z wydobytej rudy, dlatego w okolicy powsta艂y mniejsze i wi臋ksze huty. Oko艂o 2,5 kilometra od sakso艅skiego miasteczka Olbernhau, w miejscowo艣ci Gr眉nthal powsta艂 w 1537 roku kompleks hutniczy "Saigerh眉tte", kt贸ry przetrwa艂 do naszych czas贸w jako unikatowy na skal臋 艣wiatow膮 zesp贸艂 22 funkcjonalnych budynk贸w, 艣ci艣le ze sob膮 powi膮zanych. Opr贸cz odkopanych pozosta艂o艣ci piec贸w hutniczych do wytapiania srebra i miedzi mo偶na tu podziwia膰 domy robotnik贸w, powozowni臋, dawn膮 tawern臋, m艂yn wodny, ku藕ni臋, browar oraz <i>Althammer</i> - zrekonstruowany m艂ot nap臋dzany ko艂em wodnym, prawdziwy 艣wiadek rozwoju przemys艂owego w Rudawach:</span></b></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvI42rlNpP87ZJYLAdQaLh3BzImlwy0q4jpqz3wGdCgeDfFDLLAlHSfADiQxAcTGDqAiquO_8zdVS9-_QMcpA-qfFKv7oKO4Bm-vFqb12H7LDVPgUWou-RGG1uDcQYMU2ZZZJQAEn-MK8/s800/8+Olbernhau+%2528DE%2529+-+Saigerh%25C3%25BCtte%252C+dawna+huta+miedzi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="531" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvI42rlNpP87ZJYLAdQaLh3BzImlwy0q4jpqz3wGdCgeDfFDLLAlHSfADiQxAcTGDqAiquO_8zdVS9-_QMcpA-qfFKv7oKO4Bm-vFqb12H7LDVPgUWou-RGG1uDcQYMU2ZZZJQAEn-MK8/s16000/8+Olbernhau+%2528DE%2529+-+Saigerh%25C3%25BCtte%252C+dawna+huta+miedzi.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #ffd966;"><b>3. Gr眉nthal ko艂o Olbernhau (Niemcy) - teren huty "</b><b>Saigerh眉tte", na pierwszym planie pozosta艂o艣ci piec贸w do wytopu srebra i miedzi, za nimi tawerna, willa w艂a艣cicieli huty oraz domy robotnik贸w</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Po czeskiej stronie zbocza Rudaw s膮 wr臋cz naszpikowane wylotami dawnych kopal艅 i szyb贸w g贸rniczych. Wznosz膮ca si臋 w miejscowo艣ci M臎d臎nec g贸ra M臎dn铆k posiada kilka takich starych obiekt贸w, pozosta艂ych po wydobyciu rudy miedzi. Najbardziej znane z nich to sztolnia "Matki Boskiej Pomocnej" (拧tola Marie Pomocn茅, <i>Mariahilf</i>) ze 艣cianami pokrytymi malachitem oraz sztolnia "Ziemia Obiecana" (</b><b>拧tola Zem臎 Zasl铆ben谩):</b></span></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3hTQSOBi4KGbleXrMWtFKDO8FxVAdwDobHoS6OSzX_bgtsV0UKfGIoqSs-OJfsEmZau0mTqq1gcIPv1YYiZ2G-cYqaw2OoeFAqIwOt-eSRVuqS0ANHRd3oYa91VjLIkQb18wMVvCR55Q/s800/1+M%25C4%259Bd%25C4%259Bnec+%2528CZ%2529+-+kaplica+nad+sztolni%25C4%2585+%2527%2527Zem%25C4%259B+Zasl%25C3%25ADben%25C3%25A1%2527%2527+%2528Ziemia+Obiecana%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="531" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3hTQSOBi4KGbleXrMWtFKDO8FxVAdwDobHoS6OSzX_bgtsV0UKfGIoqSs-OJfsEmZau0mTqq1gcIPv1YYiZ2G-cYqaw2OoeFAqIwOt-eSRVuqS0ANHRd3oYa91VjLIkQb18wMVvCR55Q/s16000/1+M%25C4%259Bd%25C4%259Bnec+%2528CZ%2529+-+kaplica+nad+sztolni%25C4%2585+%2527%2527Zem%25C4%259B+Zasl%25C3%25ADben%25C3%25A1%2527%2527+%2528Ziemia+Obiecana%2529.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #ffd966;"><b>4.&nbsp;</b><b>M臎d臎nec (Czechy) - g贸rnicza kapliczka pw. Serca Jezusowego nad wej艣ciem do sztolni "Ziemia Obiecana"</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Niedzielne popo艂udnie przeznaczam na rajd g贸rski. Mo偶e s艂owo "rajd" jest troch臋 na wyrost, nasza wycieczka bardziej przypomina spacer le艣n膮 艣cie偶k膮, biegn膮c膮 wzd艂u偶 czerwonego szlaku z miasteczka Horn铆 Blatn谩 na szczyt g贸ry Blatensk媒 Vrch. Miejsce wybra艂em nieprzypadkowo, bowiem po drodze mo偶na zobaczy膰 dwa znacz膮ce dla g贸rniczego regionu obiekty. Pierwszy z nich to Blatensk媒 Vodn铆 P艡铆kop, wykopany w po艂owie XVI wieku prawie 13-kilometrowy ci膮g wodny, niezwykle potrzebny przy wydobyciu i przer贸bce rud metali. R贸w o kamiennym dnie i wzmocnionych deskami brzegach w trudnych g贸rskich warunkach by艂 odpowiednio zabezpieczany przed kaprysami pogody - wok贸艂 niego sadzono 艣wierki, a zim膮 odkryte odcinki przykrywano ga艂臋ziami:</span></b></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijtf770zpHEaJqj1_VvMpKt3TFFWox4OHvAquyRT2yhPKqxQ1etWdV-YSvECTUcU-kOb_b77eaOFK6pQ7krikQoUnHpL2zxxhAzd7L1i3zHK5brklXQjNIZiFe32CocGrGLAlL5agCmXg/s800/4+Horn%25C3%25AD+Blatn%25C3%25A1+%2528CZ%2529+-+Blatensk%25C3%25BD+p%25C5%2599%25C3%25ADkop%252C+g%25C3%25B3rniczy+ci%25C4%2585g+wodny.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="521" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijtf770zpHEaJqj1_VvMpKt3TFFWox4OHvAquyRT2yhPKqxQ1etWdV-YSvECTUcU-kOb_b77eaOFK6pQ7krikQoUnHpL2zxxhAzd7L1i3zHK5brklXQjNIZiFe32CocGrGLAlL5agCmXg/s16000/4+Horn%25C3%25AD+Blatn%25C3%25A1+%2528CZ%2529+-+Blatensk%25C3%25BD+p%25C5%2599%25C3%25ADkop%252C+g%25C3%25B3rniczy+ci%25C4%2585g+wodny.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #ffd966;"><b>5.&nbsp;</b><b>Horn铆 Blatn谩 (Czechy) -&nbsp;</b><b>Blatensk媒 Vodn铆 P艡铆kop, fragment g贸rniczego wodoci膮gu</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Mniej wi臋cej w po艂owie drogi na szczyt naszym oczom ukazuj膮 si臋 Wilcze Do艂y (Vl膷铆 J谩my), pozosta艂o艣ci po dawnych kopalniach rud cyny. Przestrze艅 pomi臋dzy ska艂ami powsta艂a na skutek zawalenia si臋 strop贸w podziemnych kom贸r, dr膮偶onych prymitywnymi metodami od 艣redniowiecza. Zag艂臋bienie ma ponad 120 metr贸w d艂ugo艣ci, oko艂o 14 metr贸w szeroko艣ci i do 20 metr贸w g艂臋boko艣ci:</span></b></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_INtCQ5iNCXe6qjqQnR23jZaDfKlh3-_7he3xHpXFRGCMSDcr_yN_4R4eV2YiE5OqTroGEU2H2EtJZxdpqfXVK7gpJmu690k9A6Vy_2pEW_kwG12n_ynBqW8BATTOZDzkWirQNjLDezo/s800/5+Horn%25C3%25AD+Blatn%25C3%25A1+%2528CZ%2529+-+Vl%25C4%258D%25C3%25AD+J%25C3%25A1my%252C+dawne+kopalnie+cyny.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="531" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_INtCQ5iNCXe6qjqQnR23jZaDfKlh3-_7he3xHpXFRGCMSDcr_yN_4R4eV2YiE5OqTroGEU2H2EtJZxdpqfXVK7gpJmu690k9A6Vy_2pEW_kwG12n_ynBqW8BATTOZDzkWirQNjLDezo/s16000/5+Horn%25C3%25AD+Blatn%25C3%25A1+%2528CZ%2529+-+Vl%25C4%258D%25C3%25AD+J%25C3%25A1my%252C+dawne+kopalnie+cyny.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #ffd966;"><b>6.&nbsp;</b><b>Horn铆 Blatn谩 (Czechy) - Wilcze Do艂y, rozpadlina mi臋dzy ska艂ami powsta艂a po zawaleniu si臋 dawnych kopal艅 cyny</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">W miasteczku Abertamy, gdzie zarezerwowali艣my noclegi, r贸wnie偶 znajduje si臋 jeden z obiekt贸w wpisanych na List臋 UNESCO. To sztolnia "Christof", nale偶膮ca niegdy艣 do ogromnego kompleksu kopalni cyny "Mauritius", funkcjonuj膮cej od XVI wieku do lat 40. XX stulecia. Podobno w jej podziemiach mo偶na zobaczy膰 prastare, r臋cznie wykopane chodniki oraz 艣lady kruszenia ska艂 dawn膮 metod膮 nagrzewania ogniem. Niestety, sztolni臋 zastajemy zamkni臋t膮 na g艂ucho...</span></b></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBnG_L9XuxQUYvYXmCi4nSMuxZ5QoWk1_wedbEzzc4ocXBPYuffifctjdcL2sxyleCMt90v7oJuiCOQbY423vzs5-Z1cGfvM8t8QN00dM2bZ3lEL19qN2pm0ztnIKqKB4qOugthVbNHHw/s600/9+Abertamy+%2528CZ%2529+-+sztolnia+%2527%2527Christof%2527%2527%252C+cz%25C4%2599%25C5%259B%25C4%2587+kopalni+%2527%2527Mauritius%2527%2527.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="459" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBnG_L9XuxQUYvYXmCi4nSMuxZ5QoWk1_wedbEzzc4ocXBPYuffifctjdcL2sxyleCMt90v7oJuiCOQbY423vzs5-Z1cGfvM8t8QN00dM2bZ3lEL19qN2pm0ztnIKqKB4qOugthVbNHHw/s16000/9+Abertamy+%2528CZ%2529+-+sztolnia+%2527%2527Christof%2527%2527%252C+cz%25C4%2599%25C5%259B%25C4%2587+kopalni+%2527%2527Mauritius%2527%2527.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <b><span style="color: #ffd966;">7. Abertamy (Czechy) - wej艣cie do sztolni "Christof", b臋d膮cej cz臋艣ci膮 dawnej kopalni cyny "Mauritius"</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Ostatnie z odwiedzonych przez nas miejsc zwi膮zane s膮 z trzecim "krzykiem" G贸r Kruszcowych, najnowszym, a zarazem najbardziej tragicznym wzmo偶onym okresie wydobywczym w historii regionu. Najpierw w Rudawach odkryto z艂o偶a uranu, nast臋pnie, ju偶 po II wojnie 艣wiatowej, natrafiono na pok艂ady arsenu, kobaltu, niklu, wolframu i bizmutu. O ile wydobycie tych rzadkich metali by艂o wzgl臋dnie bezpieczne, to zetkni臋cie si臋 z radioaktywn膮 rud膮 nios艂o pewn膮 艣mier膰. Kopalnia "Svornost" w miasteczku </b><b>J谩chymov, powsta艂a w 1525 roku, pocz膮tkowo znana by艂a ze z艂贸偶 srebra. Od po艂owy XIX wieku wydobywano w niej ju偶 prawie wy艂膮cznie uran, a od pocz膮tku XX stulecia dodatkowo promieniotw贸rcz膮 wod臋 radonow膮. To w艂a艣nie st膮d&nbsp;</b><b>pochodzi艂a badana przez Mari臋 Sk艂odowsk膮-Curie ruda, w kt贸rej polska noblistka stwierdzi艂a istnienie pierwiastka nazwanego rad.&nbsp;</b><b>Po wojnie, w nowo powsta艂ych tunelach rud臋 uranu wydobywali g艂贸wnie skazani przez czechos艂owack膮 socjalistyczn膮 w艂adz臋 wrogowie systemu z pobliskiego obozu karnego. Cho膰 kopalnia "Svornost" dzia艂a nadal, zwiedzana przez nas sztolnia ju偶 dawno zosta艂a wy艂膮czona z eksploatacji i udost臋pniona turystom. Niemniej przewodnik przestrzega przed dotykaniem 艣cian i, nie daj Bo偶e, wk艂adaniem sobie potem palc贸w do ust...</b></span></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFCdDjq_0w45SAvCu0aYL9f4iGPttCcasiGe_d1AvgAwjHq1JXsdS5s6UhAq23d6w4L20dBQg8o-N5Q0KEb49tmexsbLDl9XNV0HSxRl9p2Q7bisy6NzcQufN_O-Mqv3DXonS0htN3958/s800/3+J%25C3%25A1chymov+%2528CZ%2529+-+szyb+w+kopalni+%2527%2527%25C5%25A0tola+%25C4%258D.+1%2527%2527.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFCdDjq_0w45SAvCu0aYL9f4iGPttCcasiGe_d1AvgAwjHq1JXsdS5s6UhAq23d6w4L20dBQg8o-N5Q0KEb49tmexsbLDl9XNV0HSxRl9p2Q7bisy6NzcQufN_O-Mqv3DXonS0htN3958/s16000/3+J%25C3%25A1chymov+%2528CZ%2529+-+szyb+w+kopalni+%2527%2527%25C5%25A0tola+%25C4%258D.+1%2527%2527.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <b><span style="color: #ffd966;">8. J谩chymov (Czechy) - Sztolnia nr 1 (艩tola&nbsp;膷. 1) w kopalni uranu "Svornost"</span></b></div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;</div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">W latach 1951-56 w pobliskim miasteczku Ostrov dzia艂a艂 kolejny komunistyczny ob贸z pracy dla wi臋藕ni贸w politycznych. Siedmiopi臋trowa wie偶a na terenie obozu s艂u偶y艂a jako miejsce sortowania rudy uranu. Wi臋藕niowie byli zmuszani, bez 偶adnych kombinezon贸w ochronnych, do wci膮gania na najwy偶sze pi臋tro w贸zk贸w z radioaktywn膮 zawarto艣ci膮. Nast臋pnie wysypywali rud臋, kt贸ra spada艂a przez sita na parter, gdzie inni osadzeni kruszyli bry艂y drewnianymi kijami i upychali w 偶elazne beczki. Na koniec 艂adunek piecz臋towano, wtaczano na wagony kolejowe i wywo偶ono do zaprzyja藕nionego Zwi膮zku Radzieckiego. Podczas pracy unosi艂y si臋 ogromne k艂臋by dusz膮cego kurzu, wdychanego przez wi臋藕ni贸w. Radioaktywny py艂 osiada艂 r贸wnie偶 na ubraniach, kt贸re nie by艂y nigdy czyszczone. Przy takim poziomie promieniowania nikt nie mia艂 szans na prze偶ycie obozu... Ze wzgl臋du na liczb臋 zgon贸w, a tak偶e z powodu koloru cegie艂 z kt贸rych zbudowana jest sortownia, osadzeni zacz臋li nazywa膰 j膮 Czerwon膮 Wie偶膮 艢mierci (Rud谩&nbsp;V臎啪 Smrti):</span></b></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF3niavBN9IyzOQhsSURL2TYWvUZDCLlPd6YeMQRGfC5gzJSEK1EHSK7TPjezcyk4j64HBMfj9vp110Px82T99ZRrbCM61OTc9MdONhzm_HSWJfioWQGXN_FbD7LnN61G__pHU2CSzeyU/s800/2+Ostrov+%2528CZ%2529+-+Czerwona+Wie%25C5%25BCa+%25C5%259Amierci%252C+dawna+sortownia+rudy+uranu.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="531" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF3niavBN9IyzOQhsSURL2TYWvUZDCLlPd6YeMQRGfC5gzJSEK1EHSK7TPjezcyk4j64HBMfj9vp110Px82T99ZRrbCM61OTc9MdONhzm_HSWJfioWQGXN_FbD7LnN61G__pHU2CSzeyU/s16000/2+Ostrov+%2528CZ%2529+-+Czerwona+Wie%25C5%25BCa+%25C5%259Amierci%252C+dawna+sortownia+rudy+uranu.jpg" /></a></div>&nbsp; &nbsp; <b><span style="color: #ffd966;">9. Ostrov (Czechy) - Czerwona Wie偶a 艢mierci, dawna sortownia rud uranu w obozie pracy dla wi臋藕ni贸w politycznych</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Region g贸rniczy Rudaw to specyficzny krajobraz, kt贸ry zosta艂 ukszta艂towany przez 800 lat ci膮g艂ego wydobycia metali nie偶elaznych, od XII do XX wieku. Cho膰 na pocz膮tku po obu stronach g贸r pojawi艂y si臋 odr臋bne kultury g贸rnicze, z biegiem lat nast膮pi艂a wymiana wiedzy technicznej gwark贸w i hutnik贸w z Saksonii i Czech. Z艂o偶a G贸r Kruszcowych, eksploatowane w burzliwych dziejach historii Europy, by艂y kluczowymi zasobami gospodarczymi, technologie ich wydobycia sz艂y w 艣wiat i powielano je w innych kopalniach, ilo艣膰 wydobywanego surowca mia艂a znacz膮cy wp艂yw na polityk臋, wojny i 艣wiatowe rynki zbytu. W Rudawach odkryto wiele "nowych" metali, kt贸re znalaz艂y zastosowania nie tylko w przemy艣le, ale i w 偶yciu codziennym przeci臋tnego obywatela. A gdy ko艅cem XX wieku kopalnie zaprzesta艂y dzia艂alno艣ci, miejscowa ludno艣膰 wr贸ci艂a do starych tradycji. To w艂a艣nie w tych stronach powstaj膮 znane na ca艂y 艣wiat drewniane ozdoby bo偶onarodzeniowe: dziadki do orzech贸w w formie postaci ludzkich, figurki R盲uchermanna wypuszczaj膮ce dym z kadzide艂ka oraz ozdobne 艣wieczniki Schwiboggen w kszta艂cie piramidy, w 艣wi膮teczny czas ustawiane na okiennych parapetach...</span></b></h3><div><b><br /></b></div><div><span style="color: #ffd966;"><b>Pami膮tkowy bilet do Sztolni nr 1, kopalni uranu w&nbsp;</b><b>J谩chymovie:</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyqscdSNv66ttH5A_aI7FnWT52_OHklWl6prkY0i7xnVOgv6G47FDfFIa5RJ9KyCRyVSPKlqEGHAuUJXgEAV5UH8AvxCSgYXdwyalxnvVM8Y0TQKtn-454gtpX6w32GzHFuefKkBJJEUc/s2781/bilet+Jachymov.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1131" data-original-width="2781" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyqscdSNv66ttH5A_aI7FnWT52_OHklWl6prkY0i7xnVOgv6G47FDfFIa5RJ9KyCRyVSPKlqEGHAuUJXgEAV5UH8AvxCSgYXdwyalxnvVM8Y0TQKtn-454gtpX6w32GzHFuefKkBJJEUc/w640-h260/bilet+Jachymov.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b><br /><br /></b></div><div><b><br /><br /></b><br /></div><div><b><br /></b><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><br /></div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Autor: <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/17108214890099144644' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/17108214890099144644' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>visitUNESCObyYaromir</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> o <meta content='http://visitunescobyyaromir.blogspot.com/2021/09/rudawy.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://visitunescobyyaromir.blogspot.com/2021/09/rudawy.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2021-09-04T07:00:00-07:00'>07:00</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://visitunescobyyaromir.blogspot.com/2021/09/rudawy.html#comment-form' onclick=''> Brak komentarzy: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1122602476'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=641998139715934164&postID=7367169032329988895&from=pencil' title='Edytuj post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=641998139715934164&postID=7367169032329988895&target=email' target='_blank' title='Wy艣lij poczt膮 e-mail'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Wy艣lij poczt膮 e-mail</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=641998139715934164&postID=7367169032329988895&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); 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Fotografi膮 zarazi艂a mnie Margita - artysta fotografik, prywatnie 呕ona i Towarzyszka wszystkich moich podr贸偶y. Jak r贸wnie偶 w艂a艣cicielka Nikona D90 i D610 oraz niema艂ej kolekcji obiektyw贸w, bez kt贸rych nie wyobra偶amy sobie 偶adnego wyjazdu.</dd> </dl> <a class='profile-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/17108214890099144644' rel='author'>Wy艣wietl m贸j pe艂ny profil</a> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget LinkList' data-version='1' id='LinkList1'> <h2>Warto odwiedzi膰 :</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <ul> <li><a href='http://whc.unesco.org'>UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.unesco.pl/'>Polski Komitet ds. UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.myunesco.net/'>myunesco</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.nid.pl'>Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa</a></li> <li><a href='https://margitafoto.wixsite.com/kubiciusfotografia'>Kubicius Fotografia</a></li> <li><a href='http://enka98r.blogspot.com/'>Inside my head</a></li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget ContactForm' data-version='1' id='ContactForm1'> <h2 class='title'>Yaromir - kontakt</h2> <div class='contact-form-widget'> <div class='form'> <form name='contact-form'> <p></p> Nazwa <br/> <input class='contact-form-name' id='ContactForm1_contact-form-name' name='name' size='30' type='text' value=''/> <p></p> E-mail <span style='font-weight: bolder;'>*</span> <br/> <input class='contact-form-email' id='ContactForm1_contact-form-email' name='email' size='30' type='text' value=''/> <p></p> Wiadomo艣膰 <span style='font-weight: bolder;'>*</span> <br/> <textarea class='contact-form-email-message' cols='25' id='ContactForm1_contact-form-email-message' name='email-message' rows='5'></textarea> <p></p> <input class='contact-form-button contact-form-button-submit' id='ContactForm1_contact-form-submit' type='button' value='Wy艣lij'/> <p></p> <div style='text-align: center; max-width: 222px; width: 100%'> <p class='contact-form-error-message' id='ContactForm1_contact-form-error-message'></p> <p class='contact-form-success-message' id='ContactForm1_contact-form-success-message'></p> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div><div class='widget Text' data-version='1' id='Text3'> <div class='widget-content'> <i>L膮dy i morza przemierzam,</i><div><i>kul臋 ziemsk膮 z otwartym czo艂em.</i></div><div><i>Polski mam paszport na sercu.</i></div><div><i>Sk膮d, pytam, sk膮d go wzi膮艂em?</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>A wzi膮艂em go z dumy i trudu,</i></div><div><i>ze znoju codziennej pracy,</i></div><div><i>ze stali, z 偶elaza, z w臋gla.</i></div><div><i>A w臋giel to koks, to antracyt...</i></div><div style="font-style: normal;"><br /></div><div style="font-style: normal;">Stanis艂aw Tym,</div><div style="font-style: normal;">z filmu "Mi艣" Stanis艂awa Barei</div><div style="font-style: normal;"><br /></div><div style="font-style: normal;"><br /></div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both'></div> <!-- columns --> </div> <!-- main --> </div> </div> <div class='main-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class='footer-outer'> <div class='footer-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left footer-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right footer-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner footer-inner'> <div class='foot section' id='footer-1'><div class='widget HTML' data-version='1' id='HTML1'> <div class='widget-content'> <a href="https://info.flagcounter.com/CoMG"><img src="https://s01.flagcounter.com/countxl/CoMG/bg_F0F0F0/txt_000000/border_CCCCCC/columns_9/maxflags_255/viewers_0/labels_1/pageviews_1/flags_1/percent_0/" alt="Free counters!" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div><div class='widget Text' data-version='1' id='Text2'> <div class='widget-content'> <b><span style="color:#cccccc;">W opisach miejsc zamieszczam nie tylko wiadomo艣ci z mej pami臋ci, pe艂nymi gar艣ciami czerpi臋 informacje ze stron: <a href="http://www.unesco.pl/">http://www.unesco.pl/</a>, <a href="http://whc.unesco.org">http://whc.unesco.org</a>, Wikipedii oraz nieprzebranych zasob贸w internetu.<a href="http://www.unesco.pl/"><span style="color:#cccccc;"><br /></span><blockquote><br /></blockquote></a></span></b><b><span style="color:#cccccc;"><a href="http://www.unesco.pl/"><span style="color:#cccccc;"><blockquote><br /></blockquote> <blockquote></blockquote></span></a><br /></span></b> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> <table border='0' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='section-columns columns-2'> <tbody> <tr> <td class='first columns-cell'> <div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-2-1'></div> </td> <td class='columns-cell'> <div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-2-2'></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!-- outside of the include in order to lock Attribution widget --> <div class='foot section' id='footer-3' name='Stopka'><div class='widget Attribution' data-version='1' id='Attribution1'> <div class='widget-content' style='text-align: center;'> Wszystkie zdj臋cia na tej stronie s膮 chronione prawem autorskim. 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