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class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=OpenVPN" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Encryption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encryption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Encryption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encryption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authentication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authentication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Authentication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authentication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Networking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Networking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Networking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Networking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Extensibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extensibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Header" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Header"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Header</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Header-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Platforms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Platforms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Platforms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Firmware_implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firmware_implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Firmware implementations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firmware_implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software_implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Software implementations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Licensing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Licensing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Licensing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Licensing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenVPN</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%86" title="أوبن في بي إن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوبن في بي إن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8" title="ওপেনভিপিএন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওপেনভিপিএন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اوپن وی‌پی‌ان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوپن وی‌پی‌ان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%94%88VPN" title="오픈VPN – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오픈VPN" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="OpenVPN" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q509075#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/OpenVPN" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:OpenVPN" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/OpenVPN"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/OpenVPN"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/OpenVPN" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/OpenVPN" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&oldid=1256262607" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=OpenVPN&id=1256262607&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOpenVPN"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOpenVPN"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=OpenVPN&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:OpenVPN" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Free and open-source virtual private network software</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">OpenVPN</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OpenVPN_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/OpenVPN_logo.svg/200px-OpenVPN_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/OpenVPN_logo.svg/300px-OpenVPN_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/OpenVPN_logo.svg/400px-OpenVPN_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="93" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">James Yonan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">OpenVPN project / OpenVPN Inc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">13 May 2001<span class="noprint">; 23 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001-05-13</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.6.12<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (18 July 2024<span class="noprint">; 4 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-07-18</span>)</span>) <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Latest_stable_software_release/OpenVPN&action=edit">[±]</a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/OpenVPN">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/OpenVPN</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509075#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> or later<sup id="cite_ref-OVPN_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OVPN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">OS X 10.8</a> or later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_4.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Android 4.0">Android 4.0</a> or later<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_6" title="IOS 6">iOS 6</a> or later<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/*BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="*BSD">*BSD</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_GPLv2" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU GPLv2">GNU GPLv2</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openvpn.net">openvpn<wbr />.net</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509075?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>OpenVPN</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> (VPN) system that implements techniques to create secure point-to-point or site-to-site connections in routed or bridged configurations and remote access facilities. It implements both <a href="/wiki/Client-server_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-server architecture">client and server</a> applications. </p><p>OpenVPN allows <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peers</a> to <a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">authenticate</a> each other using <a href="/wiki/Pre-shared_key" title="Pre-shared key">pre-shared secret keys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_key_certificate" title="Public key certificate">certificates</a> or <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">username</a>/<a href="/wiki/Password" title="Password">password</a>. When used in a multiclient-server configuration, it allows the server to release an authentication certificate for every client, using <a href="/wiki/Digital_signature" title="Digital signature">signatures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Certificate_authority" title="Certificate authority">certificate authority</a>. </p><p>It uses the <a href="/wiki/OpenSSL" title="OpenSSL">OpenSSL</a> encryption <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a> extensively, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS</a> protocol, and contains many security and control features. It uses a custom security protocol<sup id="cite_ref-openvpn-protocol_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openvpn-protocol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that utilizes <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL/TLS</a> for key exchange. It is capable of traversing <a href="/wiki/Network_address_translator" class="mw-redirect" title="Network address translator">network address translators</a> (NATs) and <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">firewalls</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>OpenVPN has been ported and embedded to several systems. For example, <a href="/wiki/DD-WRT" title="DD-WRT">DD-WRT</a> has the OpenVPN server function. <a href="/wiki/SoftEther_VPN" title="SoftEther VPN">SoftEther VPN</a>, a multi-protocol VPN server, also has an implementation of OpenVPN protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was written by James Yonan and is <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>, released under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License_version_2" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU General Public License version 2">GNU General Public License version 2</a> (GPLv2).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, commercial licenses are available.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encryption">Encryption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Encryption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OpenVPN uses the <a href="/wiki/OpenSSL" title="OpenSSL">OpenSSL</a> library to provide <a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">encryption</a> of both the data and control channels. It lets OpenSSL do all the encryption and authentication work, allowing OpenVPN to use all the ciphers available in the OpenSSL package. It can also use the <a href="/wiki/HMAC" title="HMAC">HMAC</a> packet authentication feature to add an additional layer of security to the connection (referred to as an "HMAC Firewall" by the creator). It can also use hardware acceleration to get better encryption performance.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Support for <a href="/wiki/Mbed_TLS" title="Mbed TLS">mbed TLS</a> is available starting from version 2.3.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authentication">Authentication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Authentication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OpenVPN has several ways to <a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">authenticate</a> peers with each other. OpenVPN offers <a href="/wiki/Pre-shared_key" title="Pre-shared key">pre-shared keys</a>, certificate-based, and username/password-based authentication. Preshared secret key is the easiest, and certificate-based is the most robust and <a href="/wiki/Feature-rich" class="mw-redirect" title="Feature-rich">feature-rich</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In version 2.0 username/password authentications can be enabled, both with or without certificates. However, to make use of username/password authentications, OpenVPN depends on third-party modules.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Networking">Networking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Networking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/OpenVPN" title="Special:EditPage/OpenVPN">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>OpenVPN can run over <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">User Datagram Protocol</a> (UDP) or <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a> (TCP) transports, multiplexing created SSL tunnels on a single TCP/UDP port<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (RFC 3948 for UDP).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2.3.x series on, OpenVPN fully supports IPv6 as protocol of the virtual network inside a tunnel and the OpenVPN applications can also establish connections via IPv6.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has the ability to work through most <a href="/wiki/Proxy_servers" class="mw-redirect" title="Proxy servers">proxy servers</a> (including <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>) and is good at working through <a href="/wiki/Network_address_translation" title="Network address translation">network address translation</a> (NAT) and getting out through firewalls. The server configuration has the ability to "push" certain network configuration options to the clients. These include IP addresses, routing commands, and a few connection options. OpenVPN offers two types of interfaces for networking via the <a href="/wiki/TUN/TAP" title="TUN/TAP">Universal TUN/TAP driver</a>. It can create either a <a href="/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_3:_Network_layer" title="OSI model">layer-3</a> based IP tunnel (TUN), or a <a href="/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_2:_Data_link_layer" title="OSI model">layer-2</a> based Ethernet TAP that can carry any type of Ethernet traffic. OpenVPN can optionally use the <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Oberhumer" title="Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer">LZO</a> compression library to compress the data stream. Port 1194 is the official <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a> assigned port number for OpenVPN. Newer versions of the program now default to that port. A feature in the 2.0 version allows for one process to manage several simultaneous tunnels, as opposed to the original "one tunnel per process" restriction on the 1.x series. </p><p>OpenVPN's use of common network protocols (TCP and UDP) makes it a desirable alternative to <a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a> in situations where an <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">ISP</a> may block specific <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a> protocols in order to force users to subscribe to a higher-priced, "business grade" service tier. For example, <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> previously declared that their @Home product was, and had always been, designated as a residential service and did not allow the use of commercial applications. Their argument was that conducting <a href="/wiki/Remote_work" title="Remote work">remote work</a> via a VPN can adversely affect the network performance of their regular residential subscribers. They offered an alternative, @Home Professional, this would cost more than @Home product. So, anyone wishing to use VPN would have to subscribe to higher-priced, business-grade service tier.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When OpenVPN uses <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a> (TCP) transports to establish a tunnel, performance will be acceptable only as long as there is sufficient excess bandwidth on the un-tunneled network link to guarantee that the tunneled TCP timers do not expire.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If this becomes untrue, performance falls off dramatically due to the <a href="/wiki/TCP_meltdown_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP meltdown problem">TCP meltdown problem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OpenVPN offers various internal security features. It has up to <a href="/wiki/256-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="256-bit">256-bit</a> encryption through the <a href="/wiki/OpenSSL" title="OpenSSL">OpenSSL</a> library, although some service providers may offer lower rates, effectively providing some of the fastest VPN available to consumers. OpenVPN also supports <a href="/wiki/Forward_secrecy" title="Forward secrecy">Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS)</a>, which regenerates encryption keys at set intervals, ensuring that even if one key is compromised, previous and future data remains secure. Additionally, OpenVPN can be configured with various encryption ciphers, such as ChaCha20 and AES-256.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It runs in <a href="/wiki/Userspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Userspace">userspace</a> instead of requiring IP stack (therefore kernel) operation. OpenVPN has the ability to <a href="/wiki/Privilege_separation" title="Privilege separation">drop root privileges</a>, use <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/mlockall.html">mlockall</a> to prevent swapping sensitive data to disk, enter a <a href="/wiki/Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot jail</a> after initialization, and apply a <a href="/wiki/Selinux" class="mw-redirect" title="Selinux">SELinux</a> context after initialization. </p><p>OpenVPN runs a custom security protocol based on SSL and TLS,<sup id="cite_ref-openvpn-protocol_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openvpn-protocol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather than supporting IKE, IPsec, L2TP or <a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol">PPTP</a>. </p><p>OpenVPN offers support of <a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart cards</a> via <a href="/wiki/PKCS11" class="mw-redirect" title="PKCS11">PKCS#11</a>-based cryptographic tokens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extensibility">Extensibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Extensibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OpenVPN can be extended with third-party <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-ins</a> or scripts, which can be called at defined entry points.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of this is often to extend OpenVPN with more advanced logging, enhanced authentication with username and passwords, dynamic firewall updates, <a href="/wiki/RADIUS" title="RADIUS">RADIUS</a> integration and so on. The plug-ins are dynamically loadable modules, usually written in <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, while the scripts interface can execute any scripts or binaries available to OpenVPN. In the OpenVPN source code<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are some examples of such plug-ins, including a <a href="/wiki/Pluggable_authentication_module" title="Pluggable authentication module">PAM</a> authentication plug-in. Several third-party plug-ins also exist to authenticate against <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a> or SQL databases such as <a href="/wiki/SQLite" title="SQLite">SQLite</a> and <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Header">Header</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Header"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;text-align:center"> <caption>OpenVPN header format </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><i>Offsets</i> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">Octet</a> </th> <th colspan="8">0 </th> <th colspan="8">1 </th> <th colspan="8">2 </th> <th colspan="8">3 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">Octet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">Bit</a> </th> <th style="width:2.6%">0 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">1 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">2 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">3 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">4 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">5 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">6 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">7 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">8 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">9 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">10 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">11 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">12 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">13 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">14 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">15 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">16 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">17 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">18 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">19 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">20 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">21 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">22 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">23 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">24 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">25 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">26 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">27 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">28 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">29 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">30 </th> <th style="width:2.6%">31 </th></tr> <tr> <th>0 </th> <th>0 </th> <td colspan="5">Opcode </td> <td colspan="3">KeyID </td> <td colspan="24">Session ID </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <th>32 </th> <td colspan="32">Session ID </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <th>64 </th> <td colspan="8">Session ID </td> <td colspan="24">HMAC </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <th>96 </th> <td colspan="32" rowspan="3">HMAC </td></tr> <tr> <th>⋮ </th> <th>⋮ </th></tr> <tr> <th>24 </th> <th>192 </th></tr> <tr> <th>28 </th> <th>224 </th> <td colspan="8">HMAC </td> <td colspan="24">Packet ID </td></tr> <tr> <th>32 </th> <th>256 </th> <td colspan="8">Packet ID </td> <td colspan="24">Net Time </td></tr> <tr> <th>36 </th> <th>288 </th> <td colspan="8">Net Time </td> <td colspan="8">Msg Array Len </td> <td colspan="16">Message Packet ID # </td></tr> <tr> <th>⋮ </th> <th>⋮ </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platforms">Platforms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Platforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is available on <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions" title="Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions">Windows XP and later</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OpenVPN is available for <a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">mobile operating systems</a> including <a href="/wiki/Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a> 6.5 and below,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> 3GS+ devices,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">jailbroken</a> <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> 3.1.2+ devices,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> 4.0+ devices, and Android devices that have had the <a href="/wiki/Cyanogenmod" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanogenmod">Cyanogenmod</a> aftermarket firmware flashed<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or have the correct kernel module installed.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not compatible with some mobile phone OSes, including <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a>. It is not a "web-based" VPN shown as a web page such as <a href="/wiki/Citrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrix">Citrix</a> or <a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Terminal Services Web access</a>; the program is installed independently and configured by editing text files manually, rather than through a GUI-based wizard. OpenVPN is not compatible with VPN clients that use the <a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a> over <a href="/wiki/L2TP" class="mw-redirect" title="L2TP">L2TP</a> or <a href="/wiki/PPTP" class="mw-redirect" title="PPTP">PPTP</a> protocols. The entire package consists of one <a href="/wiki/Binary_file" title="Binary file">binary</a> for both <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">client</a> and <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> connections, an optional <a href="/wiki/Configuration_file" title="Configuration file">configuration file</a>, and one or more key files depending on the authentication method used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firmware_implementations">Firmware implementations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Firmware implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OpenVPN has been integrated into several <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">router</a> firmware packages allowing users to run OpenVPN in client or server mode from their network routers. A router running OpenVPN in client mode, for example, allows any device on a network to access a VPN without needing the capability to install OpenVPN. </p><p>Notable firmware packages with OpenVPN integration include: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Notable firmware packages with OpenVPN integration </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Firmware package</th> <th>Cost</th> <th>Developer</th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DD-WRT" title="DD-WRT">DD-WRT</a></td> <td>Free</td> <td>NewMedia-NET GmbH</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(router_firmware)" title="Gargoyle (router firmware)">Gargoyle</a></td> <td>Free</td> <td>Eric Bishop</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OpenWrt" title="OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a></td> <td>Free</td> <td>Community driven development</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OPNsense" title="OPNsense">OPNsense</a></td> <td>Free</td> <td>Deciso BV</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PfSense" title="PfSense">pfSense</a></td> <td>Free</td> <td>Rubicon Communications, LLC (Netgate)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tomato_(firmware)" title="Tomato (firmware)">Tomato</a></td> <td>Free</td> <td>Keith Moyer</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>OpenVPN has also been implemented in some manufacturer router firmware. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software_implementations">Software implementations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Software implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OpenVPN has been integrated into <a href="/wiki/SoftEther_VPN" title="SoftEther VPN">SoftEther VPN</a>, an open-source multi-protocol VPN server, to allow users to connect to the VPN server from existing OpenVPN clients. </p><p>OpenVPN is also integrated into <a href="/wiki/VyOS" title="VyOS">Vyos</a>, an open-source routing <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> forked from the <a href="/wiki/Vyatta" title="Vyatta">Vyatta</a> software router. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Licensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OpenVPN is available in two versions: </p> <ul><li>OpenVPN Community Edition, which is a free and open-source version</li> <li>OpenVPN Access Server (OpenVPN-AS) is based on the Community Edition, but provides additional paid and proprietary features like LDAP integration, SMB server, Web UI management and provides a set of installation and configuration tools that are reported to simplify the rapid deployment of a VPN remote-access solution.<sup id="cite_ref-editions_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-editions-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-accessServerDesc_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accessServerDesc-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Access Server edition relies heavily on <a href="/wiki/Iptables" title="Iptables">iptables</a> for <a href="/wiki/Load_balancing_(computing)" title="Load balancing (computing)">load balancing</a> and it has never been available on Windows for this reason. This version is also able to dynamically create client ("OpenVPN Connect") installers, which include a client profile for connecting to a particular Access Server instance.<sup id="cite_ref-accessServerDetails_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accessServerDetails-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the user does not need to have an Access Server client in order to connect to the Access Server instance; the client from the OpenVPN Community Edition can be used.<sup id="cite_ref-asCommunityClient_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asCommunityClient-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenConnect" title="OpenConnect">OpenConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">OpenSSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Socket_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol">Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunnel" title="Stunnel">stunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnelblick" title="Tunnelblick">Tunnelblick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WireGuard" title="WireGuard">WireGuard</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">OpenVPN Change Log - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn2-historical-cvs/blob/d32aa83c2adc6f9fb70e2f0cc32c344f4864e95d/CHANGES#L20">OpenVPN Release Notes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openvpn.net/community-downloads/">"Community Downloads"</a>. <i>openvpn.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openvpn.net&rft.atitle=Community+Downloads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenvpn.net%2Fcommunity-downloads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OVPN-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OVPN_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/downloads.html">"Downloads"</a>. <i>openvpn.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openvpn.net&rft.atitle=Downloads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenvpn.net%2Findex.php%2Fopen-source%2Fdownloads.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.openvpn.privatetunnel">"Private Tunnel VPN - Android Apps on Google Play"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Private+Tunnel+VPN+-+Android+Apps+on+Google+Play&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fapps%2Fdetails%3Fid%3Dnet.openvpn.privatetunnel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/private-tunnel-vpn/id854725970">"Private Tunnel VPN"</a>. <i>App Store</i>. 23 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=App+Store&rft.atitle=Private+Tunnel+VPN&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Fapp%2Fprivate-tunnel-vpn%2Fid854725970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openvpn.net/index.php/access-server/docs/admin-guides/182-how-to-connect-to-access-server-with-linux-clients.html">"How to connect to Access Server from a Linux computer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+connect+to+Access+Server+from+a+Linux+computer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenvpn.net%2Findex.php%2Faccess-server%2Fdocs%2Fadmin-guides%2F182-how-to-connect-to-access-server-with-linux-clients.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?query=openvpn&stype=all">"FreeBSD Ports Search"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FreeBSD+Ports+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebsd.org%2Fcgi%2Fports.cgi%3Fquery%3Dopenvpn%26stype%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openports.se/net/openvpn">"OpenBSD Ports"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OpenBSD+Ports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenports.se%2Fnet%2Fopenvpn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/net/openvpn/README.html">"The NetBSD Packages Collection: net/openvpn"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NetBSD+Packages+Collection%3A+net%2Fopenvpn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftp.netbsd.org%2Fpub%2Fpkgsrc%2Fcurrent%2Fpkgsrc%2Fnet%2Fopenvpn%2FREADME.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn/blob/master/COPYING">"openvpn_COPYING at master · OpenVPN_openvpn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. 30 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190731031634/https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn/blob/master/COPYING">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=openvpn_COPYING+at+master+%C2%B7+OpenVPN_openvpn&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FOpenVPN%2Fopenvpn%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FCOPYING&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-openvpn-protocol-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-openvpn-protocol_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openvpn-protocol_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/documentation/security-overview.html">"OpenVPN Security Overview"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OpenVPN+Security+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenvpn.net%2Findex.php%2Fopen-source%2Fdocumentation%2Fsecurity-overview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBischoff2018" class="citation web cs1">Bischoff, Paul (31 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opensource.com/article/18/8/open-source-tools-vpn">"6 open source tools for making your own VPN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Opensource.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Opensource.com">Opensource.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831141210/https://opensource.com/article/18/8/open-source-tools-vpn">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OpenVPN+Connect&rft.pub=OpenVPN+Technologies&rft.date=2013-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Fapp%2Fopenvpn-connect%2Fid590379981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guizmovpn.com">"GuizmOVPN - OpenVPN GUI for iPhone/iPad"</a>. guizmovpn.com. 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GuizmOVPN+-+OpenVPN+GUI+for+iPhone%2FiPad&rft.pub=guizmovpn.com&rft.date=2007-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguizmovpn.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/CyanogenMod/android_vendor_cyanogen/blob/eclair/CHANGELOG">"CHANGELOG at eclair from CyanogenMod's android_vendor_cyanogen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. cyanogen. 7 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=CHANGELOG+at+eclair+from+CyanogenMod%27s+android_vendor_cyanogen&rft.date=2010-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FCyanogenMod%2Fandroid_vendor_cyanogen%2Fblob%2Feclair%2FCHANGELOG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cyanogen/android_vendor_cyanogen/blob/eclair/CHANGELOG">Nexus One Cyanogenmod changelog</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526083443/https://vpnblog.info/android-openvpn-strongvpn.html">"How to setup and configure OpenVPN on Android rooted device | VPN blog is actual information about VPN"</a>. <i>Vpnblog.info</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww43.vpnblog.info/android-openvpn-strongvpn.html">the original</a> on 26 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vpnblog.info&rft.atitle=How+to+setup+and+configure+OpenVPN+on+Android+rooted+device+%26%23124%3B+VPN+blog+is+actual+information+about+VPN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww43.vpnblog.info%2Fandroid-openvpn-strongvpn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">dd-wrt.com - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.dd-wrt.com/wiki/index.php/OpenVPN">OpenVPN</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gargoyle-router.com/wiki/doku.php?id=openvpn&s">Gargoyle Wiki - OpenVPN</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/services/vpn/openvpn/start">"OpenVPN - OpenWrt Wiki"</a>. openwrt.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OpenVPN+-+OpenWrt+Wiki&rft.pub=openwrt.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenwrt.org%2Fdocs%2Fguide-user%2Fservices%2Fvpn%2Fopenvpn%2Fstart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opnsense.org/opnsense-17-1-released/">"opnsense.org - OPNsense 17.1 Release Announcement"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=opnsense.org+-+OPNsense+17.1+Release+Announcement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopnsense.org%2Fopnsense-17-1-released%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tomatovpn.keithmoyer.com">"TomatoVPN"</a>. Tomatovpn.keithmoyer.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TomatoVPN&rft.pub=Tomatovpn.keithmoyer.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftomatovpn.keithmoyer.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LinksysInfo.org – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linksysinfo.org/forums/showthread.php?t=59416">VPN build with Web GUI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-editions-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-editions_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openvpn.net/index.php/access-server/section-faq-openvpn-as/general/225-compare-openvpn-community-and-enterprise-editions.html">"OpenVPN Product Comparison"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OpenVPN+Product+Comparison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenvpn.net%2Findex.php%2Faccess-server%2Fsection-faq-openvpn-as%2Fgeneral%2F225-compare-openvpn-community-and-enterprise-editions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accessServerDesc-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-accessServerDesc_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openvpn.net/index.php/access-server/section-faq-openvpn-as/general/133-what-is-openvpn-access-server.html">"What is OpenVPN Access Server (OpenVPN-AS)?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+OpenVPN+Access+Server+%28OpenVPN-AS%29%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenvpn.net%2Findex.php%2Faccess-server%2Fsection-faq-openvpn-as%2Fgeneral%2F133-what-is-openvpn-access-server.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accessServerDetails-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-accessServerDetails_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/wget/chocolatey_package_openvpn/issues/2#issuecomment-272799486">"Regarding chocolatey.org repository · Issue #2 · wget/chocolatey_package_openvpn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Regarding+chocolatey.org+repository+%C2%B7+Issue+%232+%C2%B7+wget%2Fchocolatey_package_openvpn&rft.date=2017-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fwget%2Fchocolatey_package_openvpn%2Fissues%2F2%23issuecomment-272799486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asCommunityClient-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asCommunityClient_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openvpn.net/index.php/access-server/section-faq-openvpn-as/client-configuration/140-can-i-use-open-source-openvpn-client-gui-to-connect-to-the-access-server.html">"Can I use a community OpenVPN client to connect to the Access Server?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+I+use+a+community+OpenVPN+client+to+connect+to+the+Access+Server%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenvpn.net%2Findex.php%2Faccess-server%2Fsection-faq-openvpn-as%2Fclient-configuration%2F140-can-i-use-open-source-openvpn-client-gui-to-connect-to-the-access-server.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenVPN&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openvpn.net">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509075#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://community.openvpn.net">Community website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridgett2008" class="citation web cs1">Bridgett, Adrian (2 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HantsLUG_openvpn">"OpenVPN presentation and demonstration"</a>. <i>Archive</i>. Hampshire Linux User Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive&rft.atitle=OpenVPN+presentation+and+demonstration&rft.date=2008-02-02&rft.aulast=Bridgett&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHantsLUG_openvpn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenVPN" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hantslug.org.uk/wiki/TechTalks">Tech Talks</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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talk:Virtual private network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virtual_private_network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virtual private network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virtual_private_networking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">Virtual private networking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Datagram_Transport_Layer_Security" title="Datagram Transport Layer Security">DTLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectAccess" title="DirectAccess">DirectAccess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_VPN" title="Ethernet VPN">EVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layer_2_Forwarding_Protocol" title="Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol">L2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol">L2TP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L2TPv3" title="L2TPv3">L2TPv3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol">PPTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Socket_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol">SSTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_tunneling" title="Split tunneling">Split tunneling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL/TLS</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Opportunistic_encryption" title="Opportunistic encryption">Opportunistic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tcpcrypt" title="Tcpcrypt">tcpcrypt</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connection applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeLAN" title="FreeLAN">FreeLAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeS/WAN" title="FreeS/WAN">FreeS/WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libreswan" title="Libreswan">Libreswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N2n" title="N2n">n2n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenConnect" title="OpenConnect">OpenConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenIKED" title="OpenIKED">OpenIKED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openswan" title="Openswan">Openswan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">OpenVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_VPN" title="Social VPN">Social VPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftEther_VPN" title="SoftEther VPN">SoftEther VPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StrongSwan" title="StrongSwan">strongSwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tcpcrypt" title="Tcpcrypt">tcpcrypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinc_(protocol)" title="Tinc (protocol)">tinc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTun" title="VTun">VTun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WireGuard" title="WireGuard">WireGuard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadowsocks" title="Shadowsocks">Shadowsocks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_software" title="Enterprise software">Enterprise software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avast_SecureLine_VPN" title="Avast SecureLine VPN">Avast SecureLine VPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_Point_VPN-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Check Point VPN-1">Check Point VPN-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogMeIn_Hamachi" title="LogMeIn Hamachi">LogMeIn Hamachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Risk vectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Content-control_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Content-control software">Content-control software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_content_inspection" title="Deep content inspection">Deep content inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection" title="Deep packet inspection">Deep packet inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_address_blocking" title="IP address blocking">IP address blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_enumeration" title="Network enumeration">Network enumeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateful_firewall" title="Stateful firewall">Stateful firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCP_reset_attack" title="TCP reset attack">TCP reset attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPN_blocking" title="VPN blocking">VPN blocking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VPN_service" title="VPN service">VPN Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Avast" title="Avast">Avast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMA_(VPN)" title="HMA (VPN)">HMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avast_SecureLine_VPN" title="Avast SecureLine VPN">SecureLine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Kape_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Kape Technologies">Kape Technologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CyberGhost</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressVPN" title="ExpressVPN">ExpressVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Internet_Access" title="Private Internet Access">Private Internet Access</a></li> <li>Zenmate</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/McAfee" title="McAfee">McAfee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TunnelBear" title="TunnelBear">TunnelBear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Tesonet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NordVPN" title="NordVPN">NordVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NordLayer" title="NordLayer">NordLayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfshark" class="mw-redirect" title="Surfshark">Surfshark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPVanish" title="IPVanish">IPVanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StrongVPN" class="mw-redirect" title="StrongVPN">StrongVPN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hola_(VPN)" title="Hola (VPN)">Hola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVPN" title="IVPN">IVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_VPN" title="Mozilla VPN">Mozilla VPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullvad" title="Mullvad">Mullvad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PrivadoVPN" title="PrivadoVPN">PrivadoVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_VPN" title="Proton VPN">Proton VPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureVPN" title="PureVPN">PureVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SaferVPN" title="SaferVPN">SaferVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windscribe" title="Windscribe">Windscribe</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" 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