Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="P2GOLyaElj3AJVQscP8ecsUnY35zeRFgIfbSyphp2I1GuH9cssoYbMVo05envNLR"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="P2GOLyaElj3AJVQscP8ecsUnY35zeRFgIfbSyphp2I1GuH9cssoYbMVo05envNLR"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="P2GOLyaElj3AJVQscP8ecsUnY35zeRFgIfbSyphp2I1GuH9cssoYbMVo05envNLR"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="P2GOLyaElj3AJVQscP8ecsUnY35zeRFgIfbSyphp2I1GuH9cssoYbMVo05envNLR"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="24037768"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 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class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2013 Sep 13;2013(9):CD000052.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub3. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cates+CJ&cauthor_id=24037768" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christopher J Cates">Christopher J Cates</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK, SW17 0RE." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Welsh+EJ&cauthor_id=24037768" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Emma J Welsh">Emma J Welsh</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rowe+BH&cauthor_id=24037768" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brian H Rowe">Brian H Rowe</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" 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Cates</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Cochrane Database Syst Rev<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2013">2013</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/24037768/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display 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Cochrane Database Syst Rev </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Cochrane Database Syst Rev" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cochrane Database Syst Rev"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" 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class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK, SW17 0RE." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Welsh+EJ&cauthor_id=24037768" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Emma J Welsh">Emma J Welsh</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rowe+BH&cauthor_id=24037768" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brian H Rowe">Brian H Rowe</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK, SW17 0RE.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">24037768</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC7032675&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7032675/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC7032675 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub3&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000052.pub3" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub3 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/24037768/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/24037768/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> In acute asthma inhaled beta(2)-agonists are often administered by nebuliser to relieve bronchospasm, but some have argued that metered-dose inhalers with a holding chamber (spacer) can be equally effective. Nebulisers require a power source and need regular maintenance, and are more expensive in the community setting. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Objectives: </strong> To assess the effects of holding chambers (spacers) compared to nebulisers for the delivery of beta(2)-agonists for acute asthma. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Search methods: </strong> We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register and reference lists of articles. We contacted the authors of studies to identify additional trials. Date of last search: February 2013. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Selection criteria: </strong> Randomised trials in adults and children (from two years of age) with asthma, where spacer beta(2)-agonist delivery was compared with wet nebulisation. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Data collection and analysis: </strong> Two review authors independently applied study inclusion criteria (one review author for the first version of the review), extracted the data and assessed risks of bias. Missing data were obtained from the authors or estimated. Results are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Main results: </strong> This review includes a total of 1897 children and 729 adults in 39 trials. Thirty-three trials were conducted in the emergency room and equivalent community settings, and six trials were on inpatients with acute asthma (207 children and 28 adults). The method of delivery of beta(2)-agonist did not show a significant difference in hospital admission rates. In adults, the risk ratio (RR) of admission for spacer versus nebuliser was 0.94 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.43). The risk ratio for children was 0.71 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.08, moderate quality evidence). In children, length of stay in the emergency department was significantly shorter when the spacer was used. The mean duration in the emergency department for children given nebulised treatment was 103 minutes, and for children given treatment via spacers 33 minutes less (95% CI -43 to -24 minutes, moderate quality evidence). Length of stay in the emergency department for adults was similar for the two delivery methods. Peak flow and forced expiratory volume were also similar for the two delivery methods. Pulse rate was lower for spacer in children, mean difference -5% baseline (95% CI -8% to -2%, moderate quality evidence), as was the risk of developing tremor (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.95, moderate quality evidence). </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Authors' conclusions: </strong> Nebuliser delivery produced outcomes that were not significantly better than metered-dose inhalers delivered by spacer in adults or children, in trials where treatments were repeated and titrated to the response of the participant. Spacers may have some advantages compared to nebulisers for children with acute asthma. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors have no financial interest in any of the devices used to deliver beta₂‐agonists in acute asthma and no involvement with the primary studies.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/128698931164/nCD000052-AFig-FIG01.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="642" data-image-height="815" data-image-alt="1" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0001"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/7486775c80da/nCD000052-AFig-FIG01.gif" alt="1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="642"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="815"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Study flow diagram </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Study flow diagram </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Study flow diagram</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/204da0fa6421/nCD000052-AFig-FIG02.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="298" data-image-height="1511" data-image-alt="2" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0002"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/0cfd14f1f384/nCD000052-AFig-FIG02.gif" alt="2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="298"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1511"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/f2464c15c6c4/nCD000052-AFig-FIG03.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="600" data-image-height="400" data-image-alt="3" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0003"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/7f2c574d1f3d/nCD000052-AFig-FIG03.gif" alt="3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="400"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Spacer… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Spacer (chamber) versus Nebuliser (Multiple treatment studies), outcome: 1.1… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Spacer (chamber) versus Nebuliser (Multiple treatment studies), outcome: 1.1 Hospital admission.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/10c5ae444011/nCD000052-AFig-FIG04.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="793" data-image-height="560" data-image-alt="4" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0004"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/275b07c655d4/nCD000052-AFig-FIG04.gif" alt="4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="793"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="560"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer (chamber) versus Nebuliser (Multiple treatment studies), outcome: 1.1… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer (chamber) versus Nebuliser (Multiple treatment studies), outcome: 1.1 Hospital admission.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/69f669d7d8f0/nCD000052-AFig-FIG05.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="658" data-image-height="213" data-image-alt="5" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0005"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/c93cd66cf063/nCD000052-AFig-FIG05.gif" alt="5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="658"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="213"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer (chamber) versus Nebuliser (Multiple treatment studies), outcome: 1.3… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 5 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer (chamber) versus Nebuliser (Multiple treatment studies), outcome: 1.3 Duration in emergency department (minutes). [mins].</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ca6f122f4fe8/nCD000052-AFig-FIG06.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="595" data-image-height="330" data-image-alt="6" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0006"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/71ed4cb1282c/nCD000052-AFig-FIG06.gif" alt="6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="595"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="330"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer (chamber) versus Nebuliser (Multiple treatment studies), outcome: 1.9… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 6 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Forest plot of comparison: 1 Spacer (chamber) versus Nebuliser (Multiple treatment studies), outcome: 1.9 Rise in pulse rate (% baseline) [%].</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="11"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/c54d5f745d77/nCD000052-CMP-001-01.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="389" data-image-alt="1.1" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0007"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/5f81948b1f1c/nCD000052-CMP-001-01.gif" alt="1.1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="389"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.1. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.1. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 1 Hospital admission. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.1. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 1 Hospital admission.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="7" data-label-slug="12"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/36c8e324c67e/nCD000052-CMP-001-02.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-7" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="425" data-image-alt="1.2" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0008"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-7" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ead6617a7433/nCD000052-CMP-001-02.gif" alt="1.2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="425"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.2. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.2. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 2 Hospital admission or… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.2. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 2 Hospital admission or poor response to treatment.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="8" data-label-slug="13"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/c299b16777cc/nCD000052-CMP-001-03.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-8" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="233" data-image-alt="1.3" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0009"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-8" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/0e1f7081da85/nCD000052-CMP-001-03.gif" alt="1.3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="233"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.3. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.3. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 3 Duration in emergency… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.3. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 3 Duration in emergency department (minutes)..</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="9" data-label-slug="14"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/07b93ac490a3/nCD000052-CMP-001-04.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-9" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="269" data-image-alt="1.4" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0010"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-9" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/c455fc89294d/nCD000052-CMP-001-04.gif" alt="1.4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="269"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.4. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.4. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 4 Final rise in… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.4. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 4 Final rise in FEV₁ (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="10" data-label-slug="15"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/25217dd65457/nCD000052-CMP-001-05.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-10" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="169" data-image-alt="1.5" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0011"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-10" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/02c5b974234f/nCD000052-CMP-001-05.gif" alt="1.5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="169"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.5. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.5. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 5 30 minute rise… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-10" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.5. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 5 30 minute rise in FEV₁ (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="11" data-label-slug="16"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/317c079ef839/nCD000052-CMP-001-06.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-11" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="181" data-image-alt="1.6" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0012"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-11" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/2b1ba018fe73/nCD000052-CMP-001-06.gif" alt="1.6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="181"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.6. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.6. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 6 Severe asthmatics final… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-11" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.6. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 6 Severe asthmatics final rise in FEV₁ (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="12" data-label-slug="17"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/9f59e5bfd868/nCD000052-CMP-001-07.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-12" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="245" data-image-alt="1.7" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0013"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-12" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/f866b560cc50/nCD000052-CMP-001-07.gif" alt="1.7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="245"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.7. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.7. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 7 Final rise in… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-12" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.7. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 7 Final rise in peak flow (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="13" data-label-slug="18"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/c5d722d5637a/nCD000052-CMP-001-08.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-13" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="157" data-image-alt="1.8" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0014"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-13" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ba572700f4c1/nCD000052-CMP-001-08.gif" alt="1.8" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="157"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.8. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.8. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 8 30 minute rise… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-13" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.8. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 8 30 minute rise in peak flow (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="14" data-label-slug="19"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/44e28cf6cae2/nCD000052-CMP-001-09.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-14" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="365" data-image-alt="1.9" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0015"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-14" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ea0d9dcdddb2/nCD000052-CMP-001-09.gif" alt="1.9" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="365"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.9. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.9. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 9 Rise in pulse… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-14" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.9. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 9 Rise in pulse rate (% baseline).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="15" data-label-slug="110"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/62c236039200/nCD000052-CMP-001-10.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-15" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="245" data-image-alt="1.10" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0016"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-15" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/9079521b5211/nCD000052-CMP-001-10.gif" alt="1.10" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="245"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.10. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.10. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 10 % Oxygen saturation… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-15" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.10. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 10 % Oxygen saturation (change from baseline).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="16" data-label-slug="111"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/1c9ab302b7d6/nCD000052-CMP-001-11.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-16" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="269" data-image-alt="1.11" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0017"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-16" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/60cc885e116c/nCD000052-CMP-001-11.gif" alt="1.11" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="269"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.11. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.11. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 11 Number of participants… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-16" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.11. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 11 Number of participants developing tremor.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="17" data-label-slug="112"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/56c6aa931806/nCD000052-CMP-001-12.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-17" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="221" data-image-alt="1.12" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0018"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-17" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/e4776558c1bc/nCD000052-CMP-001-12.gif" alt="1.12" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="221"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.12. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.12. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 12 Number of participants… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-17" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.12. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 12 Number of participants given steroids.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="18" data-label-slug="113"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ec264325ff6e/nCD000052-CMP-001-13.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-18" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="329" data-image-alt="1.13" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0019"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-18" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/9a53c1b09303/nCD000052-CMP-001-13.gif" alt="1.13" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="329"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.13. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 1.13. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 13 Rise in respiratory… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-18" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 1.13. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies), Outcome 13 Rise in respiratory rate (breaths per minute).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="19" data-label-slug="21"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/5bce7c101efa/nCD000052-CMP-002-01.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-19" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="180" data-image-alt="2.1" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0020"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-19" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/d9a06623e140/nCD000052-CMP-002-01.gif" alt="2.1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="180"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.1. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.1. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 1 Hospital admission. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-19" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.1. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 1 Hospital admission.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="20" data-label-slug="22"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/a530afea037a/nCD000052-CMP-002-02.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-20" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="2.2" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0021"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-20" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/bc84e8a58431/nCD000052-CMP-002-02.gif" alt="2.2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.2. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.2. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 2 Final peak flow… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-20" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.2. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 2 Final peak flow (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="21" data-label-slug="23"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/743621173eac/nCD000052-CMP-002-03.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-21" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="144" data-image-alt="2.3" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0022"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-21" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/42eddd29ef42/nCD000052-CMP-002-03.gif" alt="2.3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="144"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.3. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.3. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 3 30 minute rise… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-21" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.3. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 3 30 minute rise in FEV₁ (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="22" data-label-slug="24"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/e1b721100021/nCD000052-CMP-002-04.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-22" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="119" data-image-alt="2.4" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0023"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-22" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/b1ef65df8a46/nCD000052-CMP-002-04.gif" alt="2.4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="119"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.4. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.4. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 4 15 minute rise… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-22" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.4. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 4 15 minute rise in FEV₁ (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="23" data-label-slug="25"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/4633627cee84/nCD000052-CMP-002-05.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-23" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="156" data-image-alt="2.5" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0024"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-23" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/2f2eb3900a9a/nCD000052-CMP-002-05.gif" alt="2.5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="156"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.5. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.5. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 5 30 minute rise… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-23" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.5. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 5 30 minute rise in peak flow (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="24" data-label-slug="26"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/a44708788fd7/nCD000052-CMP-002-06.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-24" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="119" data-image-alt="2.6" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0025"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-24" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/90392c4a0fc4/nCD000052-CMP-002-06.gif" alt="2.6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="119"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.6. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.6. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 6 15 minute rise… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-24" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.6. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 6 15 minute rise in peak flow (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="25" data-label-slug="27"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/21cb150d968b/nCD000052-CMP-002-07.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-25" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="156" data-image-alt="2.7" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0026"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-25" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/8802ed5699f6/nCD000052-CMP-002-07.gif" alt="2.7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="156"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.7. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.7. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 7 Rise in pulse… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-25" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.7. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 7 Rise in pulse rate (% baseline).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="26" data-label-slug="28"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/d4f838ee6e9b/nCD000052-CMP-002-08.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-26" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="119" data-image-alt="2.8" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0027"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-26" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/55787b95b787/nCD000052-CMP-002-08.gif" alt="2.8" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="119"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.8. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.8. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 8 Number of participants… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-26" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.8. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 8 Number of participants developing tremor.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="27" data-label-slug="29"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/bde67effafae/nCD000052-CMP-002-09.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-27" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="131" data-image-alt="2.9" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0028"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-27" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/2402d71ce152/nCD000052-CMP-002-09.gif" alt="2.9" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="131"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.9. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.9. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 9 Number of participants… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-27" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.9. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 9 Number of participants with deterioration in blood gases.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="28" data-label-slug="210"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/bd4abcb55043/nCD000052-CMP-002-10.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-28" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="144" data-image-alt="2.10" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0029"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-28" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/923246118c69/nCD000052-CMP-002-10.gif" alt="2.10" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="144"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.10. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 2.10. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 10 Rise in respiratory… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-28" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 2.10. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (single‐treatment studies), Outcome 10 Rise in respiratory rate.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="29" data-label-slug="31"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/8f7c3a4dcac2/nCD000052-CMP-003-01.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-29" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="209" data-image-alt="3.1" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0030"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-29" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/27c02d9f01ab/nCD000052-CMP-003-01.gif" alt="3.1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="209"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.1. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.1. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 1 Duration of hospital… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-29" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.1. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 1 Duration of hospital admission (days).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="30" data-label-slug="32"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/5c386520ed1e/nCD000052-CMP-003-02.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-30" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="3.2" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0031"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-30" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/874c956dd994/nCD000052-CMP-003-02.gif" alt="3.2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.2. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.2. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 2 Number of hours… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-30" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.2. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 2 Number of hours until reached 4‐hourly dosing regimen.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="31" data-label-slug="33"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/6ab648889449/nCD000052-CMP-003-03.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-31" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="3.3" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0032"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-31" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/d4cf1ce3813a/nCD000052-CMP-003-03.gif" alt="3.3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.3. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.3. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 3 Total number of… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-31" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.3. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 3 Total number of inhaled doses received.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="32" data-label-slug="34"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/39d1ba7e1090/nCD000052-CMP-003-04.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-32" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="3.4" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0033"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-32" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/11153b9b907e/nCD000052-CMP-003-04.gif" alt="3.4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.4. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.4. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 4 Number of participants… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-32" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.4. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 4 Number of participants returning to normal PEFR and respiratory score levels (end of study).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="33" data-label-slug="35"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/c6f49dd93eb0/nCD000052-CMP-003-05.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-33" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="3.5" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0034"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-33" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/33bb37f7ed37/nCD000052-CMP-003-05.gif" alt="3.5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.5. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.5. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 5 Number of symptom‐free… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-33" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.5. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 5 Number of symptom‐free participants 14 days post‐discharge.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="34" data-label-slug="36"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/0f8068045a2f/nCD000052-CMP-003-06.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-34" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="3.6" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0035"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-34" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ec08facdfa42/nCD000052-CMP-003-06.gif" alt="3.6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.6. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.6. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 6 Readmissions in the… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-34" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.6. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 6 Readmissions in the subsequent 12 months.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="35" data-label-slug="37"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/3dd6d76e949d/nCD000052-CMP-003-07.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-35" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="3.7" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0036"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-35" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/6fd792bf4947/nCD000052-CMP-003-07.gif" alt="3.7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.7. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.7. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 7 Clinical asthma score… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-35" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.7. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 7 Clinical asthma score (end of trial).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="36" data-label-slug="38"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/8f2fc1a14076/nCD000052-CMP-003-08.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-36" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="3.8" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0037"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-36" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/7f165066bfce/nCD000052-CMP-003-08.gif" alt="3.8" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.8. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.8. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 8 Maximum percentage decrease… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-36" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.8. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 8 Maximum percentage decrease in respiratory score.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="37" data-label-slug="39"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/6a41bd6f7a2e/nCD000052-CMP-003-09.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-37" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="197" data-image-alt="3.9" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0038"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-37" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/15221012f856/nCD000052-CMP-003-09.gif" alt="3.9" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="197"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.9. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.9. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 9 Respiratory rate at… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-37" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.9. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 9 Respiratory rate at discharge.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="38" data-label-slug="310"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ebaed5652fd0/nCD000052-CMP-003-10.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-38" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="197" data-image-alt="3.10" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0039"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-38" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/0f5d1787c41a/nCD000052-CMP-003-10.gif" alt="3.10" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="197"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.10. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.10. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 10 Heart rate at… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-38" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.10. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 10 Heart rate at discharge.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="39" data-label-slug="311"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/cca7990fd0c2/nCD000052-CMP-003-11.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-39" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="197" data-image-alt="3.11" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0040"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-39" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/03d937b7ec1b/nCD000052-CMP-003-11.gif" alt="3.11" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="197"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.11. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.11. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 11 Oxygen saturations at… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-39" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.11. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 11 Oxygen saturations at discharge.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="40" data-label-slug="312"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/e489080757bb/nCD000052-CMP-003-12.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-40" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="144" data-image-alt="3.12" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0041"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-40" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/2fb24eea4a56/nCD000052-CMP-003-12.gif" alt="3.12" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="144"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.12. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.12. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 12 30 minute rise… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-40" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.12. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 12 30 minute rise in FEV₁.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="41" data-label-slug="313"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ef1c00524685/nCD000052-CMP-003-13.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-41" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="144" data-image-alt="3.13" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0042"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-41" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/b9d1e6c20a28/nCD000052-CMP-003-13.gif" alt="3.13" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="144"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.13. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.13. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 13 Final rise in… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-41" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.13. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 13 Final rise in FEV₁.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="42" data-label-slug="314"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/d611e47a2f6f/nCD000052-CMP-003-14.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-42" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="132" data-image-alt="3.14" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0043"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-42" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/64c73f749f5a/nCD000052-CMP-003-14.gif" alt="3.14" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="132"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.14. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 3.14. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 14 Final rise in… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-42" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 3.14. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (inpatient studies), Outcome 14 Final rise in peak flow (% change from baseline).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="43" data-label-slug="41"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/667871422481/nCD000052-CMP-004-01.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-43" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="445" data-image-alt="4.1" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0044"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-43" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/514c04e18902/nCD000052-CMP-004-01.gif" alt="4.1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="445"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.1. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.1. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 1… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-43" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.1. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 1 Hospital admission.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="44" data-label-slug="42"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/639ecf0674a6/nCD000052-CMP-004-02.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-44" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="481" data-image-alt="4.2" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0045"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-44" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/5e2583f647d1/nCD000052-CMP-004-02.gif" alt="4.2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="481"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.2. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.2. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 2… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-44" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.2. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 2 Hospital admission or poor response to treatment.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="45" data-label-slug="43"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/7822e4d9d5ff/nCD000052-CMP-004-03.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-45" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="261" data-image-alt="4.3" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0046"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-45" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/2bd27a7b9d08/nCD000052-CMP-004-03.gif" alt="4.3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="261"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.3. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.3. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 3… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-45" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.3. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 3 Duration in emergency department (minutes)..</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="46" data-label-slug="44"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/a4999809cda4/nCD000052-CMP-004-04.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-46" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="337" data-image-alt="4.4" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0047"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-46" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/983e8ee95d8d/nCD000052-CMP-004-04.gif" alt="4.4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="337"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.4. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.4. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 4… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-46" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.4. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 4 Final rise in FEV₁ (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="47" data-label-slug="45"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/ed24b495c9b2/nCD000052-CMP-004-05.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-47" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="197" data-image-alt="4.5" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0048"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-47" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/4babdb169381/nCD000052-CMP-004-05.gif" alt="4.5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="197"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.5. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.5. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 5… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-47" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.5. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 5 30 minute rise in FEV₁ (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="48" data-label-slug="46"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/3af46ec9ff3c/nCD000052-CMP-004-06.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-48" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="221" data-image-alt="4.6" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0049"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-48" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/0b6d18a58557/nCD000052-CMP-004-06.gif" alt="4.6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="221"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.6. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.6. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 6… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-48" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.6. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 6 Severe asthmatics final rise in FEV₁ (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="49" data-label-slug="47"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/b81dfc81f00d/nCD000052-CMP-004-07.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-49" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="273" data-image-alt="4.7" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0050"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-49" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/89ba956eac37/nCD000052-CMP-004-07.gif" alt="4.7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="273"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.7. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.7. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 7… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-49" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.7. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 7 Final rise in peak flow (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="50" data-label-slug="48"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/8fd61fd739d5/nCD000052-CMP-004-08.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-50" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="119" data-image-alt="4.8" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0051"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-50" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/0f8abba877cf/nCD000052-CMP-004-08.gif" alt="4.8" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="119"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.8. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.8. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 8… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-50" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.8. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 8 30 minute rise in peak flow (% predicted).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="51" data-label-slug="49"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/5128b1d7f7b4/nCD000052-CMP-004-09.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-51" role="button" data-image-width="566" data-image-height="409" data-image-alt="4.9" data-pmc-id="PMC7032675" data-figure-id="CD000052-fig-0052"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-51" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6abd/7032675/2d7f9b386f5f/nCD000052-CMP-004-09.gif" alt="4.9" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="566"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="409"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.9. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> 4.9. Analysis </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 9… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-51" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> 4.9. Analysis </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4 Spacer (chamber) versus nebuliser (multiple‐treatment studies with Volumatic subgroups), Outcome 9 Rise in pulse rate (% baseline).</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="see-all actions-bar"> <button class="show-more" aria-controls="slides-container" data-ga-category="figure" data-ga-action="show_all"> All figures (52) </button> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="linked-articles" id="linked-updated-article"> <h2 class="title"> Update of </h2> <ul class="item-list usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/16625527/" ref="article_id=16625527&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-updated-article"> Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Cates CJ, Crilly JA, Rowe BH.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Cates CJ, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD000052. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub2.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006.</span> <span class="docsum-comments-correction"> <span class="correction-label citation-part">Update in: </span> <a class="docsum-comments-link" href="/24037768/" ref="article_id=16625527&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="docsum_link" data-ga-label="linked-update">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 13;(9):CD000052. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub3</a> </span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">16625527</span></span> <span class="correction-label spaced-citation-item citation-part">Updated.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="linked-articles" id="linked-commentary"> <h2 class="title"> Comment in </h2> <ul class="item-list usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/24534943/" ref="article_id=24534943&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> ACP Journal Club. 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American Journal of Emergency Medicine 1996;14:144‐50. - <a class="reference-link" href="/8924135/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="8924135" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="refs-list"> <h5 class="refs-list-title">Rowe 2007</h5> <ol id="top-references-list-77" class="references-list"> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Rowe BH, Spooner CH, Ducharme FM, Bretzlaff JA, Bota GW. Corticosteroids for preventing relapse following acute exacerbations of asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. 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Pediatrics 1989;83:513‐8. - <a class="reference-link" href="/2927990/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="2927990" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="refs-list"> <h5 class="refs-list-title">Turner 1997</h5> <ol id="top-references-list-79" class="references-list"> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Turner MO, Patel A, Ginsburg S, Fitzgerald JM. Bronchodilator delivery in acute airflow obstruction. Archives of Internal Medicine 1997;157:1736‐44. - <a class="reference-link" href="/9250235/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="9250235" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="refs-list"> <h4 class="refs-list-title">References to other published versions of this review</h4> <div class="refs-list"> <h5 class="refs-list-title">Cates 2004</h5> <ol id="top-references-list-81" class="references-list"> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Cates CJ, Bara A, Crilly JA, Rowe BH. Holding chambers versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000052] - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000052" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD000052" > DOI </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/12917881/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="12917881" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="refs-list"> <h5 class="refs-list-title">Cates 2006</h5> <ol id="top-references-list-82" class="references-list"> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Cates CJ, Crilly JA, Rowe BH. Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub2] - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000052.pub2" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD000052.pub2" > DOI </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/16625527/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="16625527" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="publication-types" class="publication-types keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Publication types </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Meta-Analysis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Meta-Analysis </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown 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aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Humans </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" 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href="/?term=%22Inhalation+Spacers%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Inhalation+Spacers%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Inhalation Spacers/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Inhalation Spacers / statistics & numerical data"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Inhalation+Spacers" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Inhalation Spacers / statistics & numerical data"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Inhalation Spacers/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Inhalation Spacers/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Length+of+Stay%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Length+of+Stay%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Length of Stay/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Length+of+Stay" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Length of Stay/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Length of Stay/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Nebulizers and Vaporizers*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Nebulizers and Vaporizers* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Nebulizers and Vaporizers*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Nebulizers+and+Vaporizers%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Nebulizers+and+Vaporizers%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Nebulizers and Vaporizers"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" 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Trials as Topic </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Randomized+Controlled+Trials+as+Topic%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Randomized+Controlled+Trials+as+Topic%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Randomized+Controlled+Trials+as+Topic" data-ga-category="search_mesh" 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