William L. Hosch | Britannica

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" class="userprofile-desktop ui-ie7 ui-ie"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js" /> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.png" /> <meta name="description" content="William L. Hosch was an editor at Encyclopædia Britannica." /> <meta name="keywords" content="britannica, reference, online, encyclopedia, encyclopaedia, store, dictionary, thesaurus" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.britannica.com/editor/William-L-Hosch/6481" /> <title>William L. Hosch | Britannica</title> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel"> window.$UI = {}; window.Constants = {"LICENSE_URL": "/bps/license","DEFAULT_TEST_VERSION": "A","DEFAULT_STATE": "XX","QUIZ_URL": "/quiz","SPOTLIGHT_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/spotlight","CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT": "text/plain;charset=UTF-8","TOPIC_FACTS_DATA_URL": "/facts","QUIZ_BROWSE_IMAGE_QUIZZES": "images","TOPIC_MEDIA_PATH": "/images-videos","USER_PROFILE_URL": "/user","DEBUG_URL": "/debug","ONE_GOOD_FACT_URL": "/one-good-fact","ERROR_404_URL": "/error404","PROCON_CITED_IN_THE_NEWS_URL": "/procon/ProCon-in-the-News","PROCON_URL": "/procon","TOPIC_PAGE_CONTENT_AJAX_URL": "/topic-content/page","INFINITE_SCROLL_PREFIX_URL": "/scroll","TOPIC_TOP_QUESTION_BROWSE_URL": "/questions","CC_USD": "USD","domain": "britannica.com","SURVEY_URL": "/survey","CATEGORY_BROWSE_URL": "/browse","STORY_BROWSE_URL": "/stories","COUNTRY_US": "US","OPEN_MEDIA_OVERLAY_PARAMETER": "/media","NEWSLETTER_SUBSCRIPTION_URL": "/newsletter-subscription","MAINTENANCE_ERROR_URL": "https://maintenance.eb.com","IMARS_EDITOR_ID": "12365882","PROFILE_EB_EDITOR_URL": "/editor","WEB_INF_RESOURCES_PATH": "WEB-INF/resources","AI_ABOUT_PAGE_URL": "/about-britannica-ai","TOPIC_ADDITIONAL_INFO_PATH": "/additional-info","SUDOKU_GAME_URL": "/games/sudoku","CC_INR": "INR","ARTICLE_PRINT_URL": "/print/article","FIRST_EDITION_URL": "/subscriber/firstedition","WW1_PORTAL_URL": "/discover/World-War-I","MENDEL_COOKIE": "__mendel","DEMYSTIFIED_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/demystified","LIST_BROWSE_URL": "/list/browse","PROFILE_EXPERT_URL": "/contributor","ASSEMBLY_IMAGE_URL": "/image/assembly","DAY_IN_HISTORY_URL": "/on-this-day","DEFAULT_CURRENCY": "USD","CONTENT_TYPE_XML": "text/xml;charset=UTF-8","PORTAL_FINANCE_BROWSE_URL_PREFIX": "/money/browse","MONEY_IMARS_CATEGORY": "13000","AJAX_PREFIX_URL": "/ajax","TOPIC_BROWSE_URL": "/topic-browse","MARKETING_CONTENT": "/marketing-content","ENV_RUNTIME": "runtime","GALLERY_URL": "/gallery","topicUrlClassesList": "topic|animal|art|biography|event|place|plant|science|sports|technology|procon","CONTENT_TYPE_HTML": "text/html;charset=UTF-8","ENV_LOCAL": "override","MEDIA_OVERLAY_URL": "/media-overlay","CHATBOT_PAGE_URL": "/chatbot","NEWSLETTER_PAGE_URL": "/newsletters","ENV_DEV": "development","MEDIA_URL": "/media","TOPIC_TOP_QUESTION_URL": "/question","PORTAL_FINANCE_URL_PREFIX": "/money","PODCASTS_URL": "/podcasts","STAND_ALONE_VIDEO_URL": "/video","MORE_ON_THIS_DAY_URL": "/more-on-this-day","TOPIC_QUOTES_URL": "/quotes","SEARCH_PAGE_URL": "/search","PROCON_CLASS": "PROCON","KUSTOM_MENDEL_APPLICATION_ID": "1","TOPIC_CONTENT_AJAX_URL": "/topic-content/topic","ENV_BRANCH": "branch","ERROR_URL": "/error","MAIN_VERSION": "mainVersion","DEFAULT_S3_REGION": "US_EAST_1","TOPIC_COLLECTION_URL": "/summary","LOGINBOX_URL": "/auth/loginbox","ONE_GOOD_FACT_BROWSE_URL": "/one-good-fact/all-good-facts","QUIZ_BROWSE_URL": "/quiz/browse","BIO_BROWSE_URL": "/browse/biographies","LIST_URL": "/list","TIGHTROPE_QUIZ_URL": "/quiz/tightrope","ALPHA_BROWSE_URL": "/sitemap","CONTENT_TYPE_JSON": "application/json","DICTIONARY_URL": "/dictionary","COBRAND_IMAGE_URL": "/image/cobrand","PROCON_IN_THE_NEWS_URL": "/procon/pro-and-con-issues-in-the-news","PROCON_BROWSE_URL": "/procon","QUIZ_BROWSE_VOCAB_QUIZZES": "vocabulary-quizzes","SUBMISSION_URL": "/submission","EB_LOG_OUT": "/auth2/logout","ENV_PRODUCTION": "production","EXPLORE_PORTAL_URL": "/explore","TOPIC_AJAX_URL": "/ajax/topic","TOPIC_SUMMARY_BROWSE_URL": "/summaries","WTFACT_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/wtfact","VIDEO_CHANNEL_URL": "/videos","GALLERY_BROWSE_URL": "/gallery/browse","CACHE_URL": "/cache","PROCON_ABOUT_URL": "/procon/About-ProCon","COMPANION_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/companion","MEDIA_FOLDER": "/eb-media","SHOW_ALL_CONTRIBUTORS": "/additional-info#contributors","BRITANNICA_EDITORS_ID": "4419","ENV_CACHE_DISABLED": "mendelCache","CALCULATORS_BROWSE_URL": "/calculators","STORY_URL": "/story","DEFAULT_COUNTRY": "US","NAVBAR_URL": "/ajax/navbar","EB_LOGIN_URL": "/auth/eb-login","NEW_ARTICLES_URL": "/new-articles",}; window.CDN = "https://cdn.britannica.com"; window.CAM_LOGIN_URL = "https://cam.britannica.com"; window.CAM_SIGN_UP_URL = "https://cam.britannica.com/registration" window.Mendel = { "config" : { "domain": "britannica.com", "page": "UserProfile", "videoPlayerId": "UyMCoK2v", "sharedUrl": "https://www.britannica.com/editor/William-L-Hosch/6481", "amuselabsUrl": "https://cdn3.amuselabs.com", "resourcesPrefixUrl": "https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/[url]?v=3.130.14", "date": 20241127, "userInfo": { "type": "ANONYMOUS" ,"currency": "AUUS" ,"country": "SG" ,"state": "XX" ,"timezone": "Asia/Singapore" ,"bcomId": "-1451144690677306154" ,"hasAds": true ,"testVersion": "C" ,"adsTestVersion": "C" ,"consumerId": "" ,"instId": "" ,"consumerUserName": "" ,"instUserName": "" ,"cognito": null }, "tvs":{ "r":[25,25,25,25], "a": [25,25,25,25]}, "isLoggedInAsUser": false, "isPhone": false, "isDesktop": true, "logoutUrl": "/auth2/logout", "selfServiceUrl": "https://myaccount.britannica.com", "cdnUrl": "https://cdn.britannica.com", "chatbotApi": "https://www.britannica.com/chat-api", "fetchOffset": 800, "mendelCookieName": "__mendel", "mendelCookie": {"surveyShown":false,"visitedTopicId":0,"currentDate":20241127}, "autocompleteToSearchPage": false,"userId": 6481 ,"providerUrls": { } }, "GA": {"leg":"C","adLeg":"C","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"UserProfile","gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} }; </script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1887621861548296"/ <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@britannica" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.130.14" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="William L. Hosch was an editor at Encyclopædia Britannica."/> <meta property="og:type" content="PROFILE"/> <meta property="og:title" content="William L. Hosch | Britannica"/> <meta property="og:description" content="William L. Hosch was an editor at Encyclopædia Britannica."/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopedia Britannica" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.britannica.com/editor/William-L-Hosch/6481"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.130.14" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="" /> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="init opengraph"> Mendel.openGraph = {"type":"PROFILE","title":"William L. Hosch","description":"<p>William L. Hosch was an editor at Encyclopædia Britannica.</p>","imageUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.130.14","pageUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/editor/William-L-Hosch/6481"}</script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/" > <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.130.14" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.130.14" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/user-profile-page.css?v=3.130.14" rel="stylesheet" /> <script type="text/javascript"> if (self !== top) { top.location = self.location; } // if ('scrollRestoration' in history) { history.scrollRestoration = 'manual'; } </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/js/at.js?v=3.130.14" async ></script> <script> dataLayer = []; </script> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5W6NC8'); </script> </head> <body data-leg="C" class="user-profile-page user-ANONYMOUS user-ads md-desktop leg-cb-ie">  <script>Mendel.config.adProvider='ay';</script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/15510053/CMP_1x1', [1, 1], 'div-gpt-ad-1709766812090-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async defer src="https://launchpad-wrapper.privacymanager.io/0ccc6fe8-1870-4ad8-b47b-6d029ac116fc/launchpad-liveramp.js"></script> <script async src="https://JRyhoywLYXNLYMAhs.ay.delivery/manager/JRyhoywLYXNLYMAhs" type="text/javascript" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" ></script><div class="ie-warning d-flex align-items-center align-self-center justify-content-center site-alert bg-orange"> <div> You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please <a class="text-white text-underscore" href="https://browsehappy.com/">upgrade your browser</a> to improve your experience and security. </div> </div> <script id="json-navbar-info" type="application/json"> {"topSectionLinks":[{"title":"Ask the Chatbot","url":"/chatbot","navbarId":"CHATBOT"},{"title":"Games & Quizzes","url":"/quiz/browse","navbarId":"QUIZZES"},{"title":"ProCon","url":"/procon","navbarId":"PROCON"},{"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society","navbarId":"HISTORY"},{"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech","navbarId":"SCIENCE"},{"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies","navbarId":"BIOS"},{"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature","navbarId":"ANIMALS"},{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel","navbarId":"GEOGRAPHY"},{"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture","navbarId":"ART"},{"title":"Money","url":"/money","navbarId":"MONEY"},{"title":"Videos","url":"/videos","navbarId":"VIDEOS"}]} </script> <script id="json-hamburger-menu" type="application/json"> {"britannicaMenu1":[{"title":"Home","url":"/"},{"title":"ProCon","url":"/procon"},{"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society"},{"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech"},{"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies"},{"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature"},{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel"},{"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture"},{"title":"Money","url":"/money"}],"britannicaMenu2":[{"title":"Games & Quizzes","url":"/quiz/browse"},{"title":"Videos","url":"/videos"},{"title":"On This Day","url":"/on-this-day"},{"title":"One Good Fact","url":"/one-good-fact"},{"title":"Dictionary","url":"/dictionary"},{"title":"New Articles","url":"/new-articles"}],"browseByCategory":[{"title":{"id":5,"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society"},"links":[{"title":"Lifestyles & Social Issues","url":"/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues"},{"title":"Philosophy & Religion","url":"/browse/Philosophy-Religion"},{"title":"Politics, Law & Government","url":"/browse/Politics-Law-Government"},{"title":"World History","url":"/browse/World-History"}]},{"title":{"id":6,"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech"},"links":[{"title":"Health & Medicine","url":"/browse/Health-Medicine"},{"title":"Science","url":"/browse/Science"},{"title":"Technology","url":"/browse/Technology"}]},{"title":{"id":3,"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies"},"links":[{"title":"Browse Biographies","url":"/browse/biographies"}]},{"title":{"id":1,"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature"},"links":[{"title":"Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates","url":"/browse/Birds-Reptiles-Vertebrates"},{"title":"Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates","url":"/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates"},{"title":"Environment","url":"/browse/Environment"},{"title":"Fossils & Geologic Time","url":"/browse/Fossil-Geologic-Time"},{"title":"Mammals","url":"/browse/Mammals"},{"title":"Plants","url":"/browse/Plants"}]},{"title":{"id":4,"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel"},"links":[{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/browse/Geography-Travel"}]},{"title":{"id":2,"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture"},"links":[{"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture"},{"title":"Literature","url":"/browse/Literature"},{"title":"Sports & Recreation","url":"/browse/Sports-Recreation"},{"title":"Visual Arts","url":"/browse/Visual-Arts"}]}],"browseByFeature":[{"title":"Companions","url":"/stories/companion"},{"title":"Demystified","url":"/stories/demystified"},{"title":"Image Galleries","url":"/gallery/browse"},{"title":"Lists","url":"/list/browse"},{"title":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts"},{"title":"Spotlight","url":"/stories/spotlight"},{"title":"Summaries","url":"/summary"},{"title":"The Forum","url":"/stories/the-forum"},{"title":"Top Questions","url":"/question"},{"title":"#WTFact","url":"/stories/wtfact"}],"moreFromBritannica":[{"title":"Britannica Kids","url":"https://kids.britannica.com/","newTab":true}],"menuType":"DEFAULT"} </script> <header id="header" class="bg-navy-dark"> <div class="global-nav-top-bar"> <div class="grid gx-0 h-100 justify-content-between align-items-center container-lg mx-auto p-0 position-relative"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="d-flex align-items-center justify-self-start js-toggle js-toggle-hamburger btn btn-link link-white btn-sm rounded-0 p-10"> <div class="hamburger-tooltip"> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block font-24" id="nav-toggle" data-icon="menu"></em> </div> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block font-24 global-nav-search-icon" id="nav-search-icon" data-icon="search" ></em> </button> <a href="/" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center ml-10"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png" alt="Encyclopedia Britannica" class="global-nav-logo global-nav-logo-left" /> </a> <div class="global-nav-top-search-bar global-nav-top-search-container global-nav-search-container" id="global-nav-top-search-bar"> <form method="get" action="/search" id="global-nav-search" class="md-search-form m-0 global-nav-search-bar-small"> <div class="search-box position-relative col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="global-nav-search-query">Search Britannica</label> <input name="query" id="global-nav-search-query" placeholder="Search Britannica..." class="form-control form-control-lg rounded-lg font-16 search-query pl-20 pr-70 shadow-sm" maxlength="200" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search Britannica" /> <button class="search-reset-btn btn btn-link px-10 position-absolute top-0 h-100 d-none" type="reset"> <em class="material-icons" data-icon="close"></em> </button> <button class="search-submit btn btn-link text-blue px-10 position-absolute top-0 right-0 h-100" type="submit" disabled> <span class="sr-only">Click here to search</span> <em class="material-icons search-icon" data-icon="search"></em> </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <a href="/" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png" alt="Encyclopedia Britannica" class="global-nav-center global-nav-logo non-homepage-logo" /> </a> <form method="get" action="/search" id="global-nav-search" class="md-search-form m-0 global-nav-search-bar-small global-nav-center search global-nav-center-search-container"> <div class="search-box position-relative col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="global-nav-search-query">Search Britannica</label> <input name="query" id="global-nav-search-query" placeholder="Search Britannica..." class="form-control form-control-lg rounded-lg font-16 search-query pl-20 pr-70 shadow-sm" maxlength="200" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search Britannica" /> <button class="search-reset-btn btn btn-link px-10 position-absolute top-0 h-100 d-none" type="reset"> <em class="material-icons" data-icon="close"></em> </button> <button class="search-submit btn btn-link text-blue px-10 position-absolute top-0 right-0 h-100" type="submit" disabled> <span class="sr-only">Click here to search</span> <em class="material-icons search-icon" data-icon="search"></em> </button> </div> </form> <div class="col-35 col-sm-auto text-right order-3 mr-lg-15 align-items-center d-flex justify-content-end"> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block"> <SPAN class="marketing-HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_DESKTOP2 marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_DESKTOP2"><a href="https://subscription.britannica.com/subscribe?partnerCode=BP_Black_Friday_AUUS" class="subscribe-link btn btn-sm btn-outline-white-orange py-5 mr-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Subscribe </a></SPAN></div> <div class="d-inline-block d-md-none mr-5 mr-sm-10"> <SPAN class="marketing-HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_MOBILE marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_MOBILE"><a href="https://subscription.britannica.com/subscribe?partnerCode=BP_Black_Friday_AUUS" class="subscribe-link btn btn-xs btn-orange-dark p-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Subscribe </a></SPAN></div> <button class="js-toggle-user-dropdown js-toggle btn btn-sm btn-link link-white rounded-0 px-md-15 pl-5 pr-5"> <span class="d-none d-md-inline-block mr-5">Login</span> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block d-md-none font-16 font-sm-20" data-icon="account_circle"></em> <div class="d-none dropdown-menu-subscription-link">https://subscription.britannica.com/subscribe?partnerCode=BP_Black_Friday_AUUS</div> <em class="material-icons inactive-icon d-inline-block font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_down"></em> <em class="material-icons active-icon d-inline-block font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_up"></em> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-none hamburger-menu-subscription-link"><DIV class="marketing-HAMBURGER_MENU_CTA marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HAMBURGER_MENU_CTA"><a href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=hamburger-menu&utm_campaign=black-friday-2024" class="subscribe-link btn btn-sm btn-orange py-5" target="_blank"> Subscribe <span class="d-none d-md-inline"> Now</span> </a></DIV></div> <div id="global-nav-react"> <div class="d-none"> <ul> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/procon">ProCon</a></li> <li><a href="/History-Society">History & Society</a></li> <li><a href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/Biographies">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/money">Money</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/quiz/browse">Games & Quizzes</a></li> <li><a href="/videos">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/on-this-day">On This Day</a></li> <li><a href="/one-good-fact">One Good Fact</a></li> <li><a href="/dictionary">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/new-articles">New Articles</a></li> </ul> <a href="/History-Society">History & Society</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues">Lifestyles & Social Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Philosophy-Religion">Philosophy & Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Politics-Law-Government">Politics, Law & Government</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/World-History">World History</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Health-Medicine">Health & Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Technology">Technology</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Biographies">Biographies</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/biographies">Browse Biographies</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Birds-Reptiles-Vertebrates">Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates">Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Fossil-Geologic-Time">Fossils & Geologic Time</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Mammals">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Plants">Plants</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture">Entertainment & Pop Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Sports-Recreation">Sports & Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Visual-Arts">Visual Arts</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/stories/companion">Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/demystified">Demystified</a></li> <li><a href="/gallery/browse">Image Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/list/browse">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/spotlight">Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/summary">Summaries</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/the-forum">The Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/question">Top Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/wtfact">#WTFact</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://kids.britannica.com/">Britannica Kids</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </header> <div class="bg-navy-dark"> <div class="container-lg p-0 d-flex justify-content-center global-nav-categories-bar overflow-hidden"> <div class="slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100 global-nav-slider category-snap-slider"> <div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex font-14 overflow-hidden text-nowrap mx-5"> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-CHATBOT " href="/chatbot">Ask the Chatbot</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-QUIZZES " href="/quiz/browse">Games & Quizzes</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-PROCON " href="/procon">ProCon</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-HISTORY " href="/History-Society">History & Society</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-SCIENCE " href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-BIOS " href="/Biographies">Biographies</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-ANIMALS " href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-GEOGRAPHY " href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-ART " href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-MONEY " href="/money">Money</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-VIDEOS " href="/videos">Videos</a> </div> <button disabled class="prev-button js-prev-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Previous"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_left"></span> </button> <button disabled class="next-button js-next-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Next"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></span> </button> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="md-page-wrapper"> <div id="content" class="md-content"> <div class="md-profile-header "> <div class="container"> <div class="grid"> <div class="col-md-33 col-sm-50 text-center"> <div class="md-profile-avatar justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/profile/default-editor-image-avatar.jpg?v=3.130.14" alt="Editor Avatar" /> </div> <div class="name">William L. Hosch</div> <div class="title"> Former Encyclopædia Britannica Editor </div> </div> <div class="col-md-66 col-sm-50"> <div class="md-profile-info"> </div> <strong>BIOGRAPHY</strong> <p>William L. Hosch was an editor at Encyclopædia Britannica.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container pb-30"> <div class="grid"> <div class="col-sm"> <div class="md-profile-contributions md-box"> <div class="box-body p-30"> <div class="section-title">Primary Contributions (151)</div> <ul class="list-unstyled section-tabs"> <li><a href="#articles">Articles</a></li> </ul> <div class="md-profile-contributions-content"> <div id="articles"> <div class="featured-article md-box inverted light"> <div class="box-body p-30"> <div class="grid"> <div class="col-md"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Semantic-Web">Semantic Web</a></div> <div class="description">Semantic Web, extension of the World Wide Web (WWW) in which data are given meaning (semantics) to enable computers to look up and “reason” in response to user searches. One of the strongest proponents of the Semantic Web is Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the British inventor of the WWW and the director of…</div> <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Semantic-Web">READ MORE</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-more"> <div class="md-profile-more-articles grid gy-30"> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Fermats-theorem">Fermat’s theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Beals-conjecture">Beal’s conjecture</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/isomorphism-mathematics">isomorphism</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-puzzle-game">electronic puzzle game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/zeta-function">zeta function</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/incompleteness-theorem">incompleteness theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Navier-Stokes-equation">Navier-Stokes equation</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/malware">malware</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/augmented-reality">augmented reality</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stephen-Gary-Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Stirlings-formula">Stirling’s formula</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/shogi">shogi</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/genetic-algorithm">genetic algorithm</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/CAPTCHA">CAPTCHA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Pascals-triangle">Pascal’s triangle</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/quaternion">quaternion</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/geometric-series">geometric series</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/hypergeometric-distribution">hypergeometric distribution</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-vehicle-game">electronic vehicle game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Netflix-Inc">Netflix</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/supercomputer">supercomputer</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Riemann-hypothesis">Riemann hypothesis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/P-versus-NP-problem">P versus NP problem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/smartphone">smartphone</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Mersenne-prime">Mersenne prime</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Voice">Google Voice</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Poincare-conjecture">Poincaré conjecture</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stanislaw-Lem">Stanisław Lem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Cauchy-distribution">Cauchy distribution</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zipfs-law">Zipf’s law</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/multinomial-distribution">multinomial distribution</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/uniform-distribution-statistics">uniform distribution</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/role-playing-video-game">role-playing video game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eve-Curie">Ève Curie</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Goldbach-conjecture">Goldbach conjecture</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Google-Inc">Google</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kenneth-Lane-Thompson">Ken Thompson</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-fighting-game">electronic fighting game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Turing-Award">Turing Award</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/rational-number">rational number</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hulu">Hulu</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/gamma-distribution">gamma distribution</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/E-Allen-Emerson">E. Allen Emerson</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dennis-M-Ritchie">Dennis M. Ritchie</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Janus-Friis">Janus Friis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Intuit-Inc">Intuit Inc.</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Russell-Forsyth">Andrew Russell Forsyth</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/triangle-inequality">triangle inequality</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raj-Reddy">Raj Reddy</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-W-Floyd">Robert W Floyd</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Kahan">William Kahan</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Millennium-Problem">Millennium Problem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cocke">John Cocke</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Norman-Robert-Campbell">Norman Robert Campbell</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivan-Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edgar-Frank-Codd">Edgar Frank Codd</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/machine-learning">machine learning</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/YouTube">YouTube</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Niklas-Zennstrom">Niklas Zennström</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dorothy-Maud-Wrinch">Dorothy Maud Wrinch</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tobias-Dantzig">Tobias Dantzig</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lancelot-Thomas-Hogben">Lancelot Thomas Hogben</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Roy-Newman">James Roy Newman</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avraham-Trahtman">Avraham Trahtman</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Sifakis">Joseph Sifakis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frances-E-Allen">Frances E. Allen</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Naur">Peter Naur</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adi-Shamir">Adi Shamir</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ronald-L-Rivest">Ronald L. Rivest</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonard-M-Adleman">Leonard M. Adleman</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Chi-Chih-Yao">Andrew Chi-Chih Yao</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fred-Brooks">Fred Brooks</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Nicholas-Gray">James Nicholas Gray</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amir-Pnueli">Amir Pnueli</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-Blum">Manuel Blum</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Edwin-Stearns">Richard E. Stearns</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juris-Hartmanis">Juris Hartmanis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Butler-W-Lampson">Butler W. Lampson</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robin-Milner">Robin Milner</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fernando-Jose-Corbato">Fernando Corbató</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Endre-Tarjan">Robert Endre Tarjan</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hopcroft">John Hopcroft</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Karp">Richard Karp</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Niklaus-Emil-Wirth">Niklaus Emil Wirth</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stephen-Arthur-Cook">Stephen Arthur Cook</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tony-Hoare">Tony Hoare</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dana-Scott">Dana Scott</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Oser-Rabin">Michael Oser Rabin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-William-Bachman">Charles Bachman</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-H-Wilkinson">James H. Wilkinson</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alan-Jay-Perlis">Alan Jay Perlis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barbara-Liskov">Barbara Liskov</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edmund-Melson-Clarke-Jr">Edmund M. Clarke</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Xu-Yuhua">Xu Yuhua</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexandra-Konstantinovna-Kosteniuk">Alexandra Konstantinovna Kosteniuk</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoaneta-Stefanova">Antoaneta Stefanova</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zhu-Chen">Zhu Chen</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olga-Nikolayevna-Rubtsova">Olga Nikolayevna Rubtsova</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizaveta-Ivanovna-Bykova">Elizaveta Ivanovna Bykova</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ludmilla-Vladimirovna-Rudenko">Ludmilla Vladimirovna Rudenko</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Susan-Polgar">Susan Polgar</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-adventure-game">electronic adventure game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-platform-game">electronic platform game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/piracy-copyright-crime">piracy</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Rolles-theorem">Rolle’s theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Workspace">Google Workspace</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/Chrome">Chrome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Software-Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-artificial-life-game">electronic artificial life game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dungeons-and-Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Association-for-Computing-Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Ignition-Facility">National Ignition Facility</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Project-Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/TeraGrid">TeraGrid</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Joost">Joost</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Burnside-problem">Burnside problem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/DEISA">DEISA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/pseudoprime">pseudoprime</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-sports-game">electronic sports game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-strategy-game">electronic strategy game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/electronic-shooter-game">electronic shooter game</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Jordan-curve-theorem">Jordan curve theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/uniform-convergence">uniform convergence</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/twin-prime-conjecture">twin prime conjecture</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Web-20">Web 2.0</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Yang-Mills-theory">Yang-Mills theory</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Dirichlets-test">Dirichlet’s test</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Cantors-theorem">Cantor’s theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/harmonic-sequence-mathematics">harmonic sequence</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Hodge-conjecture">Hodge conjecture</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Cevas-theorem">Ceva’s theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Wilsons-theorem">Wilson’s theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Warings-problem">Waring’s problem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Clairauts-equation">Clairaut’s equation</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Birch-and-Swinnerton-Dyer-conjecture">Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/multinomial-theorem">multinomial theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Liouville-number">Liouville number</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Lagranges-four-square-theorem">Lagrange’s four-square theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Darbouxs-theorem">Darboux’s theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Abels-test">Abel’s test</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Vinogradovs-theorem">Vinogradov’s theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/zombie-computer">zombie computer</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/rational-root-theorem">rational root theorem</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Descartess-rule-of-signs">Descartes’s rule of signs</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Peano-axioms">Peano axioms</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/ideal-mathematics">ideal</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Pearson-distribution">Pearson distribution</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-20 col-sm-33"> <div class="title"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/chain-rule">chain rule</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-all grid"> <div class="col-md-offset-40 col-md-20"> <button id="view-all-articles" class="btn btn-blue w-100">View All</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <footer class="md-footer footer-wrapper hide-on-edit"> <div class="footer-bck"> <DIV class="marketing-FOOTER_NEWSLETTER marketing-content" data-marketing-id="FOOTER_NEWSLETTER"><div class="md-footer-newsletter-form pt-10 mb-30 mx-15 mx-sm-120"> <div class="font-18"> <strong>History at your fingertips –</strong> Sign up here to see what happened On This Day, every day in your inbox! </div> <div class="p-30"> <div class="newsletter-form-container"> <form class="newsletter-form" method="post" action="/newsletter-subscription/EB_ON_THIS_DAY"> <div class="form-group grid d-flex justify-content-center"> <div class="col-sm-50 col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="enter-your-email">Enter your email</label> <input id="enter-your-email" type="email" name="email" class="form-control font-18 p-10" placeholder="Enter your email" pattern="[a-z0-9._%+-]+@[a-z0-9.-]+\.[a-z]{2,4}$" required> </div> <div class="col-sm-auto col-100 mt-5 mt-sm-0"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-white" style="width: 100%; height:100%;">Subscribe</button> </div> </div> <div class="text-white pt-30 text-opacity"> By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.<br> Click here to view our <a class="link-white text-decoration-underline" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy-policy2" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Privacy Notice</a>. Easy unsubscribe links are provided in every email. </div> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="Footer" /><input type="hidden" name="campaign" value="Mendel" /><input type="hidden" name="medium" value="Box" /></form> <div class="md-subscribed hidden text-white"> <div class="my-10">Thank you for subscribing!</div> <div>Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div></DIV> <div class="md-social-toolbar-circle d-flex justify-content-center colored" data-value="connect" > <div class="share-label text-uppercase hidden-xs">Stay Connected</div> <a class="social-icon facebook justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/BRITANNICA/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Facebook</span></a> <a class="social-icon x justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="x" href="https://x.com/britannica" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>X</span></a> <a class="social-icon youtube justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/encyclopaediabritannica" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>YouTube</span></a> <a class="social-icon instagram justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/britannica/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Instagram</span></a> <a class="social-icon pinterest justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="pinterest" href="https://www.pinterest.com/britannica/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg height="30" width="30" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="" role="img"><path d="M0 12c0 5.123 3.211 9.497 7.73 11.218-.11-.937-.227-2.482.025-3.566.217-.932 1.401-5.938 1.401-5.938s-.357-.715-.357-1.774c0-1.66.962-2.9 2.161-2.9 1.02 0 1.512.765 1.512 1.682 0 1.025-.653 2.557-.99 3.978-.281 1.189.597 2.159 1.769 2.159 2.123 0 3.756-2.239 3.756-5.471 0-2.861-2.056-4.86-4.991-4.86-3.398 0-5.393 2.549-5.393 5.184 0 1.027.395 2.127.889 2.726a.36.36 0 0 1 .083.343c-.091.378-.293 1.189-.332 1.355-.053.218-.173.265-.4.159-1.492-.694-2.424-2.875-2.424-4.627 0-3.769 2.737-7.229 7.892-7.229 4.144 0 7.365 2.953 7.365 6.899 0 4.117-2.595 7.431-6.199 7.431-1.211 0-2.348-.63-2.738-1.373 0 0-.599 2.282-.744 2.84-.282 1.084-1.064 2.456-1.549 3.235C9.584 23.815 10.77 24 12 24c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12S18.627 0 12 0 0 5.373 0 12"></path></svg> </a> </div> <br/> <div class="container"> <ul class="list-unstyled legal-links"> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com" rel="noopener" target="_blank">About Us & Legal Info</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/contact/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy-policy2" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/termsofuse.html2" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/diversity" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Diversity</a></li> </ul> <div class="mt-20">©2024 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</div> </div> </div> </footer> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="_informizely_script_tag"> var IzWidget = IzWidget || {}; (function (d) { var scriptElement = d.createElement('script'); scriptElement.type = 'text/javascript'; scriptElement.async = true; scriptElement.src = "https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js"; var node = d.getElementById('_informizely_script_tag'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, node); } )(document); </script>  <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"UserProfile","templateName":null,"pageNumber":1,"pagesTotal":1,"pageId":null,"pageLength":null,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":true} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.130.14"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/user-profile-page.js?v=3.130.14' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"C","adLeg":"C","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"UserProfile","pageSubtype":null,"articleTemplateType":null,"gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

William L. Hosch | Britannica