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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_-_%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87" title="دلتا الراين - الماس - سخيلده – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دلتا الراين - الماس - سخيلده" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81-%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Делта на Рейн-Маас-Схелде – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Делта на Рейн-Маас-Схелде" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein-Maas-Delta" title="Rhein-Maas-Delta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhein-Maas-Delta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_del_Rin-Mosa-Escalda" title="Delta del Rin-Mosa-Escalda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Delta del Rin-Mosa-Escalda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejn-Moza_Delto" title="Rejn-Moza Delto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rejn-Moza Delto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhin-Mosa-Eskaldaren_delta" title="Rhin-Mosa-Eskaldaren delta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rhin-Mosa-Eskaldaren delta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_de_la_Meuse_et_du_Rhin" title="Delta de la Meuse et du Rhin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Delta de la Meuse et du Rhin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Rhein%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt" title="Delta Rhein–Meuse–Scheldt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Delta Rhein–Meuse–Scheldt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_del_Reno,_della_Mosa_e_della_Schelda" title="Delta del Reno, della Mosa e della Schelda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Delta del Reno, della Mosa e della Schelda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9E%D7%96-%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%94" title="דלתת הריין-מז-סכלדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דלתת הריין-מז-סכלדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="რაინი-მაასი-შელდის დელტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რაინი-მაასი-შელდის დელტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijn-Maas-Scheldedelta" title="Rijn-Maas-Scheldedelta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijn-Maas-Scheldedelta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Renu_i_Mozy" title="Delta Renu i Mozy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Delta Renu i Mozy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_do_Reno%E2%80%93Mosa%E2%80%93Escalda" title="Delta do Reno–Mosa–Escalda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Delta do Reno–Mosa–Escalda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Rin-Maas" title="Delta Rin-Maas – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Delta Rin-Maas" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Дельта Рейна и Мааса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дельта Рейна и Мааса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Ren_-_Meuse_-_%C5%A0elda" title="Delta Ren - Meuse - Šelda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Delta Ren - Meuse - Šelda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Rajne,_Meuse_i_Scheldta" title="Delta Rajne, Meuse i Scheldta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Delta Rajne, Meuse i Scheldta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren-Maas_Deltas%C4%B1" title="Ren-Maas Deltası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ren-Maas Deltası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta&params=51.730431_N_4.715881_E_source:dewiki_region:NL_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°43′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°42′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.730431°N 4.715881°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.730431; 4.715881</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Delta formed by 3 rivers in the Netherlands</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rhine delta" redirects here. For the delta where the Alpine Rhine enters Lake Constance, see <a href="/wiki/Rhine_delta_(Lake_Constance)" title="Rhine delta (Lake Constance)">Rhine delta (Lake Constance)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_annual_average_discharge_of_Rhine_and_Maas_2000-2011_(EN).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Map_of_the_annual_average_discharge_of_Rhine_and_Maas_2000-2011_%28EN%29.png/400px-Map_of_the_annual_average_discharge_of_Rhine_and_Maas_2000-2011_%28EN%29.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Map_of_the_annual_average_discharge_of_Rhine_and_Maas_2000-2011_%28EN%29.png/600px-Map_of_the_annual_average_discharge_of_Rhine_and_Maas_2000-2011_%28EN%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Map_of_the_annual_average_discharge_of_Rhine_and_Maas_2000-2011_%28EN%29.png/800px-Map_of_the_annual_average_discharge_of_Rhine_and_Maas_2000-2011_%28EN%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="2103" /></a><figcaption>Partition of Rhine and Meuse water among the various branches of their delta (Scheldt in lower left; Meuse labelled "Maas")</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta</b> is a <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river delta</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> formed by the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl"><b>Maas</b></i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a> <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a>. In some cases, the Scheldt delta is considered a separate delta to the Rhine–Meuse delta. The result is a multitude of <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distributary" title="Distributary">branches</a> and branch names, in which a <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterway</a> that appears to be one continuous stream may have numerous separate names for different sections, e.g. Rhine → <a href="/wiki/Bijlands_Kanaal" title="Bijlands Kanaal">Bijlands Kanaal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Pannerdens_Kanaal" title="Pannerdens Kanaal">Pannerdens Kanaal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Nederrijn" title="Nederrijn">Nederrijn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Lek_(river)" title="Lek (river)">Lek</a> → <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Maas" title="Nieuwe Maas">Nieuwe Maas</a> → <a href="/wiki/Het_Scheur" class="mw-redirect" title="Het Scheur">Het Scheur</a> → <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Waterweg" title="Nieuwe Waterweg">Nieuwe Waterweg</a>. Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the term "Rhine Delta" is commonly used, although this name is also used for <a href="/wiki/Rhine_delta_(Lake_Constance)" title="Rhine delta (Lake Constance)">the delta</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Rhine" title="Alpine Rhine">Alpine Rhine</a> flows into <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>. By some calculations, the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta covers 25,347 km<sup>2</sup> (9,787 sq mi), making it the largest in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maas_Delta1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Maas_Delta1.jpg/220px-Maas_Delta1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Maas_Delta1.jpg/330px-Maas_Delta1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Maas_Delta1.jpg/440px-Maas_Delta1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>The central and northern parts of the Rhine-Meuse delta (Scheldt not visible)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta is economically extremely important, since the three rivers are major <a href="/wiki/Navigable_waterway" class="mw-redirect" title="Navigable waterway">navigable waterways</a>. The delta is the entrance from the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a> <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a> (and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>). Major ports in the delta are <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rotterdam" title="Port of Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Antwerp" title="Port of Antwerp">Antwerp</a> (Belgium), <a href="/wiki/Vlissingen" title="Vlissingen">Vlissingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Amsterdam" title="Port of Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> (through the <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam%E2%80%93Rhine_Canal" title="Amsterdam–Rhine Canal">Amsterdam–Rhine Canal</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ghent" title="Port of Ghent">Ghent</a> (through the <a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Terneuzen_Canal" title="Ghent–Terneuzen Canal">Ghent–Terneuzen Canal</a>). The land areas in the delta are protected from flooding by the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Delta_Works" title="Delta Works">Delta Works</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RMSDeltaNorth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/RMSDeltaNorth.jpg/400px-RMSDeltaNorth.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/RMSDeltaNorth.jpg/600px-RMSDeltaNorth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/RMSDeltaNorth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of the Northern part of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta: <b>1.</b> Part of the island of <a href="/wiki/Goeree-Overflakkee" title="Goeree-Overflakkee">Goeree-Overflakkee</a> <b>2.</b> The island of <a href="/wiki/Tiengemeten" title="Tiengemeten">Tiengemeten</a> <b>3.</b> The west end of the province of <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a> <b>4.</b> The island <a href="/wiki/Voorne-Putten" title="Voorne-Putten">Voorne</a> <b>5.</b> The island of <a href="/wiki/Voorne-Putten" title="Voorne-Putten">Putten</a> <b>6.</b> The island of <a href="/wiki/Hoeksche_Waard" title="Hoeksche Waard">Hoeksche Waard</a> <b>7.</b> The island of <a href="/wiki/Dordrecht" title="Dordrecht">Dordrecht</a> <b>8.</b> The <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> of <a href="/wiki/De_Biesbosch" class="mw-redirect" title="De Biesbosch">De Biesbosch</a> <b>9.</b> The island of <a href="/wiki/IJsselmonde_(island)" title="IJsselmonde (island)">IJsselmonde</a> <b>10.</b> The island of <a href="/wiki/Rozenburg" title="Rozenburg">Rozenburg</a> <b>11.</b> Part of the province of <a href="/wiki/South_Holland" title="South Holland">South Holland</a> <b>a.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Bergse_Maas" title="Bergse Maas">Oude Maasje</a> stream <b>b.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Bergse_Maas" title="Bergse Maas">Bergse Maas</a> <a href="/wiki/Ship_canal" title="Ship canal">ship canal</a> <b>c.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Afgedamde_Maas" title="Afgedamde Maas">Afgedamde Maas</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> <b>d.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Waal_(river)" title="Waal (river)">Waal</a> <b>e.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Boven_Merwede" title="Boven Merwede">Boven Merwede</a> <b>f.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Merwede" title="Nieuwe Merwede">Nieuwe Merwede</a> ship canal <b>g.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Amer_(river)" title="Amer (river)">Amer</a> estuary <b>h.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Hollands_Diep" title="Hollands Diep">Hollands Diep</a> strait <b>i.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Dordtsche_Kil" title="Dordtsche Kil">Dordtsche Kil</a> <b>j.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Beneden_Merwede" title="Beneden Merwede">Beneden Merwede</a> <b>k.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Noord_(river)" title="Noord (river)">Noord</a> <b>l.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Lek_(river)" title="Lek (river)">Lek</a> <b>m.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Hollandse_IJssel" title="Hollandse IJssel">Hollandse IJssel</a> <b>n.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Maas" title="Nieuwe Maas">Nieuwe Maas</a> <b>o.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Oude_Maas" title="Oude Maas">Oude Maas</a> <b>p.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Spui_(river)" title="Spui (river)">Spui</a> <b>q.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Bernisse" title="Bernisse">Bernisse</a> <b>r.</b> The former strait of <a href="/wiki/Botlek" title="Botlek">Botlek</a>, now part of the <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> sea port <b>s.</b> River <a href="/wiki/Het_Scheur" class="mw-redirect" title="Het Scheur">Het Scheur</a> <b>t.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Waterweg" title="Nieuwe Waterweg">Nieuwe Waterweg</a> ship canal <b>u.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Brielse_Meer" title="Brielse Meer">Brielse Meer</a> (Lake Brielle, a former Rhine branch called Nieuwe Maas-Brielse Maas) <b>v.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Haringvliet" title="Haringvliet">Haringvliet</a> strait <b>w.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Krammer" title="Krammer">Krammer</a> strait <b>x.</b> Lake <a href="/wiki/Grevelingen" title="Grevelingen">Grevelingen</a> <b>y.</b> The <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two <a href="/wiki/River_bifurcation" title="River bifurcation">bifurcations</a>: firstly, at <a href="/wiki/Millingen_aan_de_Rijn" title="Millingen aan de Rijn">Millingen aan de Rijn</a>, the Rhine splits into the <a href="/wiki/Waal_(river)" title="Waal (river)">Waal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nederrijn" title="Nederrijn">Nederrijn</a>, and secondly near <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a>, the <a href="/wiki/IJssel" title="IJssel">IJssel</a> branches off from the Nederrijn. This creates three main flows, two of which change names rather often. The largest and southern main branch begins as the Waal and continues as the <a href="/wiki/Boven_Merwede" title="Boven Merwede">Boven Merwede</a> ("Upper Merwede"), the <a href="/wiki/Beneden_Merwede" title="Beneden Merwede">Beneden Merwede</a> ("Lower Merwede"), the <a href="/wiki/Noord_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Noord River">Noord River</a> ("North River"), the <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Maas" title="Nieuwe Maas">Nieuwe Maas</a> ("New Meuse"), <a href="/wiki/Het_Scheur" class="mw-redirect" title="Het Scheur">Het Scheur</a> ("the Rip") and the <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Waterweg" title="Nieuwe Waterweg">Nieuwe Waterweg</a> ("New Waterway"). The middle flow begins as the <a href="/wiki/Nederrijn" title="Nederrijn">Nederrijn</a>, then changes into the <a href="/wiki/Lek_(river)" title="Lek (river)">Lek</a>, then joins the Noord, thereby forming the Nieuwe Maas. The northern flow keeps the name IJssel until it flows into Lake <a href="/wiki/IJsselmeer" title="IJsselmeer">IJsselmeer</a>. Three more flows carry significant amounts of water: the <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Merwede" title="Nieuwe Merwede">Nieuwe Merwede</a> ("New Merwede"), which branches off from the southern branch where it changes from the Boven to the Beneden Merwede; the <a href="/wiki/Oude_Maas" title="Oude Maas">Oude Maas</a> ("Old Meuse"), which branches off from the southern branch where it changes from the Benede Merwede into the Noord, and the <a href="/wiki/Dordtsche_Kil" title="Dordtsche Kil">Dordtsche Kil</a>, which branches off from the Oude Maas. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbinden_der_Maas_von_der_Waal_1904_aus_Hochwasserschutzgr%C3%BCnden.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Abbinden_der_Maas_von_der_Waal_1904_aus_Hochwasserschutzgr%C3%BCnden.gif/220px-Abbinden_der_Maas_von_der_Waal_1904_aus_Hochwasserschutzgr%C3%BCnden.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Abbinden_der_Maas_von_der_Waal_1904_aus_Hochwasserschutzgr%C3%BCnden.gif/330px-Abbinden_der_Maas_von_der_Waal_1904_aus_Hochwasserschutzgr%C3%BCnden.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Abbinden_der_Maas_von_der_Waal_1904_aus_Hochwasserschutzgr%C3%BCnden.gif/440px-Abbinden_der_Maas_von_der_Waal_1904_aus_Hochwasserschutzgr%C3%BCnden.gif 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption> Changing the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> estuary in 1904: light blue old course, dark blue today's course</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeth%27s_flood_(1421)" title="St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)">St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)</a> the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> flowed just south of today's line Merwede–Oude Maas to the North Sea and formed an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a>-like estuary with the Waal and the Lek. This system of numerous bays, estuary-like extended rivers, many islands and constant changes of the coastline, is hard to imagine today. From 1421 to 1904, the Meuse and the Waal merged further upstream at <a href="/wiki/Gorinchem" title="Gorinchem">Gorinchem</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Merwede" title="Merwede">Merwede</a>. For flood protection reasons, the Meuse was separated from the Waal through a lock and diverted into a new outlet called the "<a href="/wiki/Bergse_Maas" title="Bergse Maas">Bergse Maas</a>", then the <a href="/wiki/Amer_(river)" title="Amer (river)">Amer</a> flowing into the former bay known as the <a href="/wiki/Hollands_Diep" title="Hollands Diep">Hollands Diep</a>. </p><p>The northwestern part of the estuary (around <a href="/wiki/Hook_of_Holland" title="Hook of Holland">Hook of Holland</a>), is still called <i>Maasmond</i> ("Meuse Mouth"), ignoring the fact that it now carries only water from the Rhine. This might explain the confusing naming of the various branches. </p><p>The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (<a href="/wiki/Hollandse_IJssel" title="Hollandse IJssel">Hollandse IJssel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linge" title="Linge">Linge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vecht_(Utrecht)" title="Vecht (Utrecht)">Vecht</a>, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed ("dammed") and now serve as <a href="/wiki/Drainage_system_(geomorphology)" title="Drainage system (geomorphology)">drainage channels</a> for the numerous <a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">polders</a>. The construction of <a href="/wiki/Delta_Works" title="Delta Works">Delta Works</a> changed the delta in the second half of the 20th century fundamentally. Currently Rhine water runs into the sea, or into former marine bays now separated from the sea, in five places, namely at the mouths of the Nieuwe Merwede, Nieuwe Waterway (Nieuwe Maas), Dordtse Kil, <a href="/wiki/Spui_(river)" title="Spui (river)">Spui</a> and IJssel. </p><p>The Rhine–Meuse Delta is a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencing.com/tidal-delta-5154405.html">tidal delta</a>, shaped not only by the <a href="/wiki/Sedimentation" title="Sedimentation">sedimentation</a> of the rivers, but also by tidal currents. This meant that high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea. Before the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>, and even today, after the regulatory action of the Delta Works, the tide acts far inland. At the Waal, for example, the most landward tidal influence can be detected between <a href="/wiki/Brakel,_Gelderland" title="Brakel, Gelderland">Brakel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaltbommel" title="Zaltbommel">Zaltbommel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Already in the time of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, the "Island of the <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a>" was known to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Roman_era" title="Netherlands in the Roman era">Romans</a>. Its eastern point was the split of the Rhine into the <a href="/wiki/Oude_Rijn_(Gelderland)" title="Oude Rijn (Gelderland)">Oude Rijn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Waal_(river)" title="Waal (river)">Waal</a>, which at this time were the two main branches of the Rhine. The Waal flowed into the Meuse in the Roman period. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> gives a list of tribes living in the "<a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a> islands", within the delta region between different mouths of the Rhine. First, he mentions the large island of the <a href="/wiki/Batavians" class="mw-redirect" title="Batavians">Batavians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a>. Then he gives the list of other peoples who he says are stretched out along 100 <a href="/wiki/Roman_miles" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman miles">Roman miles</a>, between the mouth of the <i>Helinius</i> (understood to be the main mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Waal_(river)" title="Waal (river)">Waal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Vacalis</i>) also discharged) and the Roman fortification at <i><a href="/wiki/Flevum" title="Flevum">Flevum</a></i> (a port north of the <a href="/wiki/Oude_Rijn_(Utrecht_and_South_Holland)" title="Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland)">Old Rhine</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman <a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">castrum</a> at <i>Flevum</i> was mentioned by Tacitus, and is equated today with <a href="/wiki/Velsen" title="Velsen">Velsen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the details are no longer clear, there was apparently sometimes an extension of the Old <a href="/wiki/IJ_(Amsterdam)" title="IJ (Amsterdam)">IJ</a> that came close to the North Sea here.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the term Flevo was also have used by <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a> to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">fresh water lakes</a> which were in the area of the modern <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee">Zuiderzee</a>, which Mela specifically says that the Rhine fed into. So the Rhine mouth mentioned by Pliny might have been a discharge into a lake, or perhaps water running to Flevum on the coast may have run via the lakes to the coast, perhaps first through an ancient version of the <a href="/wiki/Vecht_(Utrecht)" title="Vecht (Utrecht)">Vecht</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/IJssel" title="IJssel">IJssel</a>. The IJssel however was joined to the Rhine artificially, by <a href="/wiki/Nero_Claudius_Drusus" title="Nero Claudius Drusus">Drusus</a>, and is quite far from any of the places known to be called Flevus. <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> says that this channel was still referred to as <a href="/wiki/Canal_of_Drusus" title="Canal of Drusus">Drusus' fossa</a> in his time.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some authors have argued that the mouth Pliny mentions is the <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vlie</a>, much further to the north than Velsen where the main waters of the lake entered the North Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emissaries">Emissaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emissaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are actually five <a href="/wiki/Emissary_(hydraulics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emissary (hydraulics)">emissaries</a>, namely; </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haringvlietdam" title="Haringvlietdam">Haringvlietdam</a> (dam blocking the <a href="/wiki/Haringvliet" title="Haringvliet">Haringvliet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Waterweg" title="Nieuwe Waterweg">Nieuwe Waterweg</a> (canal connecting <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> to the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Canal" title="North Sea Canal">North Sea Canal</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> to <a href="/wiki/IJmuiden" title="IJmuiden">IJmuiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsluitdijk" title="Afsluitdijk">Afsluitdijk</a>, damming off the <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee">Zuiderzee</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Sluice" title="Sluice">discharging sluices</a> at two places (Stevinsluizen at <a href="/wiki/Den_Oever" title="Den Oever">Den Oever</a> and Lorentzsluizen at <a href="/wiki/Kornwerderzand" title="Kornwerderzand">Kornwerderzand</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTocknerUehlingerRobinsonSiber2009" class="citation book cs1">Tockner, K.; Uehlinger, U.; Robinson, C. T.; Siber, R.; Tonolla, D.; Peter, F. D. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eqcharta.ch/index_htm_files/Encyclopedia_Tockner%20et%20al%202009_Rivers%20of%20Europe.pdf/">"European Rivers"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Lekens, Gene E.</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Inland Waters</i>. Vol. 3. Elsevier. pp. 366–377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-370626-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-370626-3"><bdi>978-0-12-370626-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=European+Rivers&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Inland+Waters&rft.pages=366-377&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-12-370626-3&rft.aulast=Tockner&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Uehlinger%2C+U.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C.+T.&rft.au=Siber%2C+R.&rft.au=Tonolla%2C+D.&rft.au=Peter%2C+F.+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eqcharta.ch%2Findex_htm_files%2FEncyclopedia_Tockner%2520et%2520al%25202009_Rivers%2520of%2520Europe.pdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt+delta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D29">Plin. Nat. 4.29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Tac.%20Ann.%204.72&lang=original">Tac. Ann. 4.72</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Germania</i> By Cornelius Tacitus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0078%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D72">4.72</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0132%3Alife%3Dcl.%3Achapter%3D1">Suet. Cl. 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854" class="citation cs2">Smith, William (1854), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=flevo-lacus-geo&highlight=flevo"><i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aentry%3Dflevo-lacus-geo%26highlight%3Dflevo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt+delta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.uu.nl/fg/palaeogeography">State of the art on academic research in the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external 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hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Current distributaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waal_(river)" title="Waal (river)">Waal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nederrijn" title="Nederrijn">Nederrijn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/IJssel" title="IJssel">IJssel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lek_(river)" title="Lek (river)">Lek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Merwede" title="Merwede">Merwede</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boven_Merwede" title="Boven Merwede">Boven Merwede</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Merwede" title="Nieuwe Merwede">Nieuwe Merwede</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beneden_Merwede" title="Beneden Merwede">Beneden Merwede</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oude_Maas" title="Oude Maas">Oude Maas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dordtsche_Kil" title="Dordtsche Kil">Dordtsche Kil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Noord_(river)" title="Noord (river)">Noord</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Maas" title="Nieuwe Maas">Nieuwe Maas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scheur" title="Scheur">Scheur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Waterweg" title="Nieuwe Waterweg">Nieuwe Waterweg</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former distributaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kromme_Rijn" title="Kromme Rijn">Kromme Rijn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leidse_Rijn" title="Leidse Rijn">Leidse Rijn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oude_Rijn_(Utrecht_and_South_Holland)" title="Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland)">Oude Rijn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hollandse_IJssel" title="Hollandse IJssel">Hollandse IJssel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vecht_(Utrecht)" title="Vecht (Utrecht)">Vecht</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waaltje" title="Waaltje">Waaltje</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brielse_Meer" title="Brielse Meer">Brielse Maas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spui_(river)" title="Spui (river)">Spui</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Current estuaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Waterweg" title="Nieuwe Waterweg">Nieuwe Waterweg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/IJsselmeer" title="IJsselmeer">IJsselmeer</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former estuaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hollands_Diep" title="Hollands Diep">Hollands Diep</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Haringvliet" title="Haringvliet">Haringvliet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volkerak" title="Volkerak">Volkerak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krammer" title="Krammer">Krammer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grevelingen" title="Grevelingen">Grevelingen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keeten-Mastgat" title="Keeten-Mastgat">Keeten-Mastgat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oosterschelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Oosterschelde">Oosterschelde</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Associated canals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bijlands_Kanaal" title="Bijlands Kanaal">Bijlands Kanaal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pannerdens_Kanaal" title="Pannerdens Kanaal">Pannerdens Kanaal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam%E2%80%93Rhine_Canal" title="Amsterdam–Rhine Canal">Amsterdam–Rhine Canal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vaartse_Rijn" title="Vaartse Rijn">Vaartse Rijn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Merwede" title="Nieuwe Merwede">Nieuwe Merwede</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Waterweg" title="Nieuwe Waterweg">Nieuwe Waterweg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scheldt%E2%80%93Rhine_Canal" title="Scheldt–Rhine Canal">Scheldt–Rhine Canal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maas%E2%80%93Waal_Canal" title="Maas–Waal Canal">Maas–Waal Canal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a><br /><small>Maas</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Current distributaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergse_Maas" title="Bergse Maas">Bergse Maas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amer_(river)" title="Amer (river)">Amer</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former distributaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oude_Maasje" title="Oude Maasje">Oude Maasje</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Afgedamde_Maas" title="Afgedamde Maas">Afgedamde Maas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Merwede" title="Merwede">Merwede</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boven_Merwede" title="Boven Merwede">Boven Merwede</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beneden_Merwede" title="Beneden Merwede">Beneden Merwede</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oude_Maas" title="Oude Maas">Oude Maas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dordtsche_Kil" title="Dordtsche Kil">Dordtsche Kil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Noord_(river)" title="Noord (river)">Noord</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Maas" title="Nieuwe Maas">Nieuwe Maas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scheur" title="Scheur">Scheur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Waterweg" title="Nieuwe Waterweg">Nieuwe Waterweg</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Current estuaries</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former estuaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hollands_Diep" title="Hollands Diep">Hollands Diep</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Haringvliet" title="Haringvliet">Haringvliet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volkerak" title="Volkerak">Volkerak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krammer" title="Krammer">Krammer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grevelingen" title="Grevelingen">Grevelingen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keeten-Mastgat" title="Keeten-Mastgat">Keeten-Mastgat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oosterschelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Oosterschelde">Oosterschelde</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Associated canals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heusden_Canal" title="Heusden Canal">Heusden Canal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergse_Maas" title="Bergse Maas">Bergse Maas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maas%E2%80%93Waal_Canal" title="Maas–Waal Canal">Maas–Waal Canal </a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a><br /><small>Schelde<br />Escaut</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Current distributaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Scheldt" title="Western Scheldt">Western Scheldt</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former distributaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oosterschelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Oosterschelde">Oosterschelde</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eendracht" title="Eendracht">Eendracht</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Current estuaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Scheldt" title="Western Scheldt">Western Scheldt</a><br /></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former estuaries</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oosterschelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Oosterschelde">Oosterschelde</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krammer" title="Krammer">Krammer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grevelingen" title="Grevelingen">Grevelingen</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Associated canals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scheldt%E2%80%93Rhine_Canal" title="Scheldt–Rhine Canal">Scheldt–Rhine Canal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canal_through_Zuid-Beveland" title="Canal through Zuid-Beveland">Canal through Zuid-Beveland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canal_through_Walcheren" title="Canal through Walcheren">Canal through Walcheren</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other rivers <br /> <small>(directly draining <br /> into the delta)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linge" title="Linge">Linge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_(Dintel)" title="Mark (Dintel)">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donge_(river)" title="Donge (river)">Donge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotte_(river)" title="Rotte (river)">Rotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oude_IJssel" title="Oude IJssel">Oude IJssel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands and <br /> Peninsulas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rozenburg_(island)" title="Rozenburg (island)">Rozenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJsselmonde_(island)" title="IJsselmonde (island)">IJsselmonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dordrecht" title="Dordrecht">Het Eiland van Dordt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voorne-Putten" title="Voorne-Putten">Voorne and Putten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoeksche_Waard" title="Hoeksche Waard">Hoeksche Waard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiengemeten" title="Tiengemeten">Tiengemeten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goeree-Overflakkee" title="Goeree-Overflakkee">Goeree-Overflakkee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schouwen-Duiveland" title="Schouwen-Duiveland">Schouwen-Duiveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholen" title="Tholen">Tholen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Philipsland_(island)" title="Sint Philipsland (island)">Sint Philipsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walcheren" title="Walcheren">Walcheren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Beveland" title="Noord-Beveland">Noord-Beveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuid-Beveland" title="Zuid-Beveland">Zuid-Beveland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dordrecht" title="Dordrecht">Dordrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_op_Zoom" title="Bergen op Zoom">Bergen-op-Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiedam" title="Schiedam">Schiedam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlissingen" title="Vlissingen">Vlissingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlaardingen" title="Vlaardingen">Vlaardingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middelburg,_Zeeland" title="Middelburg, Zeeland">Middelburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spijkenisse" title="Spijkenisse">Spijkenisse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Works" title="Delta Works">Delta Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdronken_Land_van_Reimerswaal" title="Verdronken Land van Reimerswaal">Verdronken Land van Reimerswaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdronken_Land_van_Saeftinghe" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe">Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeth%27s_flood_(1421)" title="St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)">St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Felix%27s_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Felix's Flood">St. Felix's Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Flood_(1570)" title="All Saints' Flood (1570)">All Saints' Flood (1570)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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