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Pandora Papers — Wikipédia
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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i><span lang="en">Pandora Papers</span></i></h1> <div class="tagline"> fuite de 11,9 millions de documents appartenant à quatorze fournisseurs de services offshore </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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</ul> </nav><!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandore_(homonymie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Pandore (homonymie)">Pandore (homonymie)</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Paper">Paper</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p><i><b>Pandora Papers</b></i> est une affaire de fuite d'environ <span class="nowrap">11,9 millions</span> de documents faisant état de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fraude_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fraude fiscale">fraude</a> et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vasion_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évasion fiscale">évasion fiscale</a>, à très grande échelle, ainsi que la vérification et la synthèse qui en ont été faites, à l'automne 2021, par un travail <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journalisme_d%27enqu%C3%AAte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journalisme d'enquête">journalistique d'investigation</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Travail_collaboratif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Travail collaboratif">collaboratif</a> par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation</a> (ICIJ).</p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="entete defaut" style="display:table; width:100%; border-spacing:0; background-color:#E1E1E1; color:inherit;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:40px; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> Pandora Papers </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; width:40px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Crystal_128_knode.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Crystal_128_knode.png/40px-Crystal_128_knode.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Crystal_128_knode.png/60px-Crystal_128_knode.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Crystal_128_knode.png/80px-Crystal_128_knode.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></a></span> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Publication</th> <td><span class="wd_p577"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 octobre">3</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Octobre_2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Octobre 2021">octobre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108782773?uselang%3Dfr%23P577" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Ancienneté des documents</th> <td>Années 1970-2020</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Éditeurs clés</th> <td><span class="wd_p123"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108782773?uselang%3Dfr%23P123" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Objet</th> <td><span class="wd_p921"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vasion_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évasion fiscale">Évasion fiscale</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-e4fe024db6afc52b5633462608fd7038984f3408_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wikidata-e4fe024db6afc52b5633462608fd7038984f3408-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_%C3%A9cran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société écran">Société écran</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fraude_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fraude fiscale">Fraude fiscale</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108782773?uselang%3Dfr%23P921" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Personnes et entités impliquées</th> <td><span class="wd_p2354">Liste des personnes citées dans les Pandora Papers <small>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_named_in_the_Pandora_Papers" class="extiw" title="en:List of people named in the Pandora Papers"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108782773?uselang%3Dfr%23P2354" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Site_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Site web">Site web</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p856"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/">www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108782773?uselang%3Dfr%23P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPandora_Papers%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Fuite_d%27information?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Plusieurs milliers de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">personnalités politiques</a>, personnalités religieuses, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9l%C3%A9brit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Célébrité">personnages publics</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarque">monarques</a> y sont identifiés, dont trois cents responsables publics, trente-cinq chefs d’État (dont certains <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Populisme_(politique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Populisme (politique)">populistes</a>, ayant juré de combattre la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corruption?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corruption">corruption</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et cent trente milliardaires directement mis en cause.</p> <p>L'ICIJ note que <span class="citation">« de nombreux acteurs puissants qui pourraient aider à mettre fin au système <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">offshore</span></i> en ont au contraire profité, en cachant des actifs dans des sociétés secrètes et des fiducies alors que leurs gouvernements ne font pas grand-chose pour ralentir un flux mondial d'argent illicite qui enrichit les criminels et appauvrit les nations »</span><sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Dénomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Contexte_et_enjeux"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Contexte et enjeux</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_finance_offshore_prot%C3%A8ge_ou_aide_des_d%C3%A9linquants_financiers_et/ou_criminels"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">La finance <i>offshore</i> protège ou aide des délinquants financiers et/ou criminels</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Investigation_journalistique"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Investigation journalistique</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#M%C3%A9thode_d'investigation"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Méthode d'investigation</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Contenu_des_Pandora_Papers"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Contenu des Pandora Papers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Agents_(cabinets_d'avocats_impliqu%C3%A9s)"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Agents (cabinets d'avocats impliqués)</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Exemples_d'implications"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Exemples d'implications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_paradis_fiscaux_et_pays_en_cause"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Les paradis fiscaux et pays en cause</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bahamas"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bahamas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Belize"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Belize</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%AEles_Vierges_britanniques"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">îles Vierges britanniques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chypre"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Chypre</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Duba%C3%AF"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Dubaï</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Monaco_(investissements_immobiliers)"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Monaco (investissements immobiliers)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Panama%5B27%5D,%5B28%5D"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Panama<sup><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></sup></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Seychelles"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Seychelles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Suisse"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Suisse</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9actions"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Réactions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9actions_politiques"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Réactions politiques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9actions_publiques"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Réactions publiques</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Personnalit%C3%A9s_concern%C3%A9es"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Personnalités concernées</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Allemagne"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Allemagne</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Azerba%C3%AFdjan"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Azerbaïdjan</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Belgique"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Belgique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Canada"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chili"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Chili</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Colombie"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Colombie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Congo-Brazzaville"><span class="tocnumber">7.7</span> <span class="toctext">Congo-Brazzaville</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#C%C3%B4te_d'Ivoire"><span class="tocnumber">7.8</span> <span class="toctext">Côte d'Ivoire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89quateur"><span class="tocnumber">7.9</span> <span class="toctext">Équateur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Espagne"><span class="tocnumber">7.10</span> <span class="toctext">Espagne</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89tats-Unis"><span class="tocnumber">7.11</span> <span class="toctext">États-Unis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#France"><span class="tocnumber">7.12</span> <span class="toctext">France</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gabon"><span class="tocnumber">7.13</span> <span class="toctext">Gabon</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ha%C3%AFti"><span class="tocnumber">7.14</span> <span class="toctext">Haïti</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honduras"><span class="tocnumber">7.15</span> <span class="toctext">Honduras</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jordanie"><span class="tocnumber">7.16</span> <span class="toctext">Jordanie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kenya"><span class="tocnumber">7.17</span> <span class="toctext">Kenya</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liban"><span class="tocnumber">7.18</span> <span class="toctext">Liban</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maurice"><span class="tocnumber">7.19</span> <span class="toctext">Maurice</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maroc"><span class="tocnumber">7.20</span> <span class="toctext">Maroc</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mexique"><span class="tocnumber">7.21</span> <span class="toctext">Mexique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Niger"><span class="tocnumber">7.22</span> <span class="toctext">Niger</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Panama"><span class="tocnumber">7.23</span> <span class="toctext">Panama</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Paraguay"><span class="tocnumber">7.24</span> <span class="toctext">Paraguay</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pays-Bas"><span class="tocnumber">7.25</span> <span class="toctext">Pays-Bas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Qatar"><span class="tocnumber">7.26</span> <span class="toctext">Qatar</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine"><span class="tocnumber">7.27</span> <span class="toctext">République dominicaine</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9publique_tch%C3%A8que"><span class="tocnumber">7.28</span> <span class="toctext">République tchèque</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Royaume-Uni"><span class="tocnumber">7.29</span> <span class="toctext">Royaume-Uni</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Russie_/_Ukraine"><span class="tocnumber">7.30</span> <span class="toctext">Russie / Ukraine</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Salvador"><span class="tocnumber">7.31</span> <span class="toctext">Salvador</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Suisse_2"><span class="tocnumber">7.32</span> <span class="toctext">Suisse</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ukraine"><span class="tocnumber">7.33</span> <span class="toctext">Ukraine</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tunisie"><span class="tocnumber">7.34</span> <span class="toctext">Tunisie</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-59"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Scandales_mondiaux_via_paradis_fiscaux"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Scandales mondiaux via paradis fiscaux</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Audio"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Audio</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Dénomination"><span id="D.C3.A9nomination"></span>Dénomination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Dénomination" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Le nom « <i>Pandora Papers</i> » donné à cette enquête collaborative fait selon l'ICIJ référence à <span class="citation">« l'héritage des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradise_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paradise Papers">Paradise Papers</a>, ainsi qu'au mythe de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bo%C3%AEte_de_Pandore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boîte de Pandore">boîte de Pandore</a> qui évoque toujours une vague de problèmes et de malheurs »</span><sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Contexte_et_enjeux">Contexte et enjeux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Contexte et enjeux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Le plus souvent, acheter ou créer une société <i>offshore</i> n'est pas en soi illégal, mais rappelle l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">ICIJ</a>, <span class="citation">« le secret qu'elle fournit peut couvrir des flux d'argent illicites, permettant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corruption?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blanchiment_d%27argent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blanchiment d'argent">blanchiment d'argent</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vasion_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évasion fiscale">évasion fiscale</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Financement_du_terrorisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Financement du terrorisme (page inexistante)">financement du terrorisme</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traite_d%27%C3%AAtres_humains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traite d'êtres humains">traite d'êtres humains</a> et d'autres <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violations_des_droits_de_l%27homme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Violations des droits de l'homme">violations des droits de l'homme</a> »</span><sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette partie grise du monde de la finance est encore mal connue des tribunaux, des services fiscaux ainsi que des historiens, sociologues et experts en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Science_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Science politique">science politique</a>, et le travail des administrations et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lanceurs_d%27alerte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanceurs d'alerte">lanceurs d'alerte</a> a été rendu encore plus difficile par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secret_bancaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secret bancaire">secret bancaire</a>, et en Europe par une récente <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Directive_europ%C3%A9enne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Directive européenne">directive européenne</a> sur les « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secrets_d%27affaires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Secrets d'affaires">secrets d'affaires</a> » portée par les lobbies des multinationales et des banques d’affaires<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, permettant à de nombreuses sociétés offshore, et aux paradis fiscaux de devenir les <span class="citation">« nouveaux refuges de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blanchiment_d%27argent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blanchiment d'argent">argent sale</a> »</span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, au détriment des économies nationales et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justice_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justice fiscale">justice fiscale</a>, en contribuant à l'endettement public mondial.</p> <p>Après les révélations des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lux_Leaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lux Leaks">Lux Leaks</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isabel_dos_Santos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Luanda_Leaks" title="Isabel dos Santos">Luanda Leaks</a>, cinq ans après le scandale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a> (fuite de plus de <span class="nowrap">11,5 millions</span> de documents confidentiels issus du cabinet d'avocats <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama">panaméen</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mossack_Fonseca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mossack Fonseca">Mossack Fonseca</a> détaillant des informations sur plus de 214 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="sociétés ''offshore''"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_extraterritoriale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société extraterritoriale">sociétés <i>offshore</i></a></abbr>), les <i>Pandora papers</i> confirment selon l'ICIJ que nombre des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avocat_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avocat (métier)">avocats</a>, conseillers, intermédiaires, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_%C3%A9cran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société écran">sociétés-écran</a> et hommes de paille œuvrant au service de la finance <i>offshore</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> joue un rôle important dans l'écart croissant et socialement toxique qui sépare les plus riches des plus pauvres, et que parmi les actionnaires se trouvaient notamment des hommes politiques, des milliardaires, des sportifs de haut niveau ou des célébrités.</p> <p>D'après un rapport de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_de_coop%C3%A9ration_et_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_%C3%A9conomiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques">Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques</a> (OCDE) publié en 2020, les autorités fiscales de près de 100 pays ont découvert, sur une année, 10 000 milliards d'euros d'actifs <i>offshore</i> répartis sur 84 millions de comptes bancaires<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ainsi <span class="citation">« des riches et puissants transfèrent une plus grande partie de la charge fiscale aux citoyens ordinaires qui paient des impôts là où ils travaillent et vivent, leur laissant supporter le coût des services et les infrastructures »</span> rappelle l'ICIJ<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraStars5oct2021-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>, quand l'affaire des Pandora Papers est présentée au monde, l'ICIJ annonce qu'ils vont révéler ou éclairer des scandales internationaux de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corruption?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, impliquant par exemple le géant brésilien Organização Odebrecht devenu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odebrecht_S.A.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Odebrecht S.A.">Odebrecht S.A.</a> (depuis rebaptisée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novonor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novonor">Novonor</a>) ; la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FIFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> avec le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FIFAGate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFAGate">FIFAGate</a> ; des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chavisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chavisme">chavistes</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venezuela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, des chefs de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secte">sectes</a> en fuite et leurs partisans ; des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kleptocrate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleptocrate">kleptocrates</a> et leurs familles ; des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9o-nazi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Néo-nazi">néo-nazis</a> ; un trafiquant d'eau minérale ayant commandité les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meurtre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meurtre">meurtres</a> d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juge">juge</a> et d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Procureur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Procureur">procureur</a>, un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9dophile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pédophile">pédophile</a> millionnaire fugitif (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marc_Collins-Rector?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marc Collins-Rector">Marc Collins-Rector</a>) et les financiers du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrorisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terrorisme">terrorisme</a> ou encore un « Czar du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bitcoin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a> »<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ayant blanchi de l'argent issu du plus grand cyber-cambriolage de l'histoire, des stars, mannequins et acteurs (Bollywoodiens notamment), des footballeurs connus et des officiels sportifs corrompus<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>…</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_finance_offshore_protège_ou_aide_des_délinquants_financiers_et/ou_criminels"><span id="La_finance_offshore_prot.C3.A8ge_ou_aide_des_d.C3.A9linquants_financiers_et.2Fou_criminels"></span>La finance <i>offshore</i> protège ou aide des délinquants financiers et/ou criminels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La finance offshore protège ou aide des délinquants financiers et/ou criminels" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Un autre enjeu de l'enquête était de montrer comment l'opacité des systèmes <i>offshore</i> a aussi facilité <span class="citation">« les manœuvres financières de personnes confrontées à des enquêtes criminelles ou à des poursuites civiles coûteuses »</span>. Selon les experts interrogés par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ICIJ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ICIJ">ICIJ</a> et The Post : <span class="citation">« les efforts pour trouver et saisir des avoirs abrités à l'étranger sont parfois entravés par des fournisseurs de services <i>offshore</i> peu coopératifs et par des traités sur le partage d'informations qui peuvent amener à produire des informations obsolètes ou limitées »</span> et <span class="citation">« certains gouvernements étrangers sont tout simplement réticents à aider »</span><sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En octobre 2021, l'ICIJ cite à titre d'exemples de tels <i>bénéficiaires</i> :</p> <ul> <li>une entreprise chimique belge accusé de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crime_contre_l%27environnement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime contre l'environnement">crime contre l'environnement</a><sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>un complice de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Famille_Colombo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Famille Colombo">famille Colombo</a> au sein de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mafia">mafia</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Durst?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Durst">Robert Durst</a> (condamné le mois précédent pour avoir exécuté un ami proche en 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dentiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentiste">dentiste</a> accusé de fraude à l'égard de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medicaid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>Jared Wheat, condamné pour avoir vendu sur Internet des médicaments sur ordonnance falsifiés et non approuvés, via une société <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A9lize?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bélize">bélizienne</a> créée par CILTrust<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>le créateur d'une compagnie de croisières poursuivi pour négligence après que 31 marins se soient noyés dans un naufrage<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>le milliardaire <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert F. Smith (page inexistante)">Robert F. Smith</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Smith_(investor)" class="extiw" title="en:Robert F. Smith (investor)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Robert F. Smith (investor) »">(en)</span></a>, qui a détourné des millions de dollars d'impôts qu'il aurait dû payer aux États-Unis, via une fiducie crée par CILTrust<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après arrangement avec les procureurs en 2020, il n'a pas été inculpé, mais son avocat, Carlos Kepke, a finalement été inculpé (en avril 2021) pour conspiration de fraude contre les États-Unis<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>des réseaux de dissimulation de vol et de contrebande d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%92uvre_d%27art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Œuvre d'art">œuvre d'art</a>, de reliques ou d'antiquités, parfois ensuite achetées par des musées de premier plan<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Investigation_journalistique">Investigation journalistique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Investigation journalistique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Cette enquête qui a duré deux ans est la plus importante jamais menée par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d’investigation</a> (ICIJ), un consortium de 150 médias internationaux, parmi lesquels en France, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio France">Radio France</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, l'équipe de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cash_Investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cash Investigation">Cash Investigation</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Selon l'ICIJ, c'est la collaboration la plus large de l'histoire du journalisme : six cents journalistes de 117 pays et territoires (incluant des <i>fact checkers</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ont exploré les archives de quatorze cabinets spécialisés dans la création de sociétés anonymes <i>offshore</i>, composées de dizaines de milliers de documents (2,94 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terabyte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">terabytes</a>) s’étalant de 1996 à 2020<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Méthode_d'investigation"><span id="M.C3.A9thode_d.27investigation"></span>Méthode d'investigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Méthode d'investigation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'ICIJ a classé et partagé les documents qui lui ont été envoyés dans une base de données sécurisée dite <i>Datashare</i><sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Les conclusions des équipes d'enquêteurs sont ensuite classées sur une autre plate-forme, sécurisée, dite <i>Global iHub</i><sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>C'est ainsi que divers réseaux labyrinthiques d'innombrables entreprises, hommes de paille et sociétés-écran, fondations et fiducies ont pu être identifiés et étudiés<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Contenu_des_Pandora_Papers">Contenu des Pandora Papers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Contenu des Pandora Papers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Ce sont les 11,9 millions de documents fournis par une source anonyme ; c'est la fuite de fichiers de paradis fiscaux la plus importante de l'histoire (2,94 téraoctets d'informations confidentielles venant de 14 « fournisseurs de services <i>offshore</i> »)<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, c'est-à-dire spécialisée dans la création de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_offshore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Société offshore">sociétés <i>offshore</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-:_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Ces nouvelles sources d'information sont des feuilles de calcul, des déclarations fiscales, des factures (factures de services publics parfois), des courriels, des copies de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Passeport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Passeport">passeports</a> ainsi que des dossiers d'entreprise ; certains listent des administrateurs et des actionnaires impliqués, des sanctions, ou sont des rapports d'activité suspects, des rapports de diligence raisonnable, ou encore décrivent des clients<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce sont aussi des photos, des enregistrements audio ou vidéo, des présentations de type PowerPoint<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <br> Ils se présentent sous la forme de plus de quatre millions de PDF, plus de 1,79 million de documents Word et d'autres formats de documents (Powerpoint, etc.)<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ils se répartissent comme suit<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> :</p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> <b>Typologie Pandora Papers</b> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Type de document</th> <th>Quantité</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Documents</td> <td>6 406 119</td> </tr> <tr> <td>images</td> <td>2 937 513</td> </tr> <tr> <td>courriels</td> <td>1 205 716</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feuilles de calcul</td> <td>467 405</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Présentations</td> <td>8 511</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fichier audio</td> <td>3 497</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fichiers vidéo</td> <td>1 421</td> </tr> <tr> <td>autres</td> <td>873 494</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Grâce à ces documents, l'ICIJ a identifié 956 entreprises liées à 336 politiciens (dont 35 sont des dirigeants de pays) et hauts fonctionnaires vivant dans plus de 90 pays et territoires. Cette liste inclut des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministre">ministres</a>, des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambassadeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambassadeur">ambassadeurs</a> et d'autres personnalités<sup id="cite_ref-:_17-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le nombre de propriétaires d'actifs <i>offshore</i> découvert par l'enquête est deux fois plus élevé que celui mis au jour cinq ans plus tôt avec les Panama Papers (basés, eux sur les documents d'un seul cabinet d'avocats)<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'enquête des <i>Pandora Papers</i> distingue les propriétaires secrets de sociétés <i>offshore</i>, de comptes bancaires anonymes, de jets privés, de yachts, de manoirs et même d'œuvres d'art de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pablo_Picasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> ou de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banksy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banksy">Banksy</a><sup id="cite_ref-:_17-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle met au jour des avoirs et transactions internationales concernant l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89nergie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Énergie">énergie</a>, des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Technologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Technologie">technologies</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Secteur_immobilier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Secteur immobilier (page inexistante)">secteur immobilier</a>, et des systèmes d'arrangements successoraux complexes.</p> <p>L'ICIJ montre que des pays officiellement en lutte contre la fraude fiscale (États-Unis notamment), qui condamnent les petits pays acceptant des flux d'argent et d'actifs provenant directement ou indirectement du crime ou de la corruption, sont, eux aussi, devenus attrayants pour les richesses cachées. Les fuites de documents révèlent 206 trusts américains basées aux États-Unis dans 15 États et à Washington, D.C., et 22 sociétés fiduciaires américaines, avec par exemple des détails précis sur des flux de centaines de millions de dollars entre les paradis <i>offshore</i> des Caraïbes et d'Europe vers le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dakota_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dakota du Sud">Dakota du Sud</a> (devenu une destination majeure pour l'argent étranger opaque)<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'enquête met en doute les affirmations des fournisseurs de services financiers <i>offshore</i> quand ils prétendent s'efforcer d'agir dans le respect de la loi<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle montre aussi que l'intérêt public en pâtit lourdement<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Agents_(cabinets_d'avocats_impliqués)"><span id="Agents_.28cabinets_d.27avocats_impliqu.C3.A9s.29"></span>Agents (cabinets d'avocats impliqués)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Agents (cabinets d'avocats impliqués)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>L’ICIJ a eu accès aux archives de quatorze cabinets spécialistes de la création de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_anonyme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société anonyme">sociétés anonymes</a> comme Trident Trust, DadLaw, SFM, Alcogal, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il_Shin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Il Shin">Il Shin</a>.... Il s'agit du même rôle que le cabinet <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mossack_Fonseca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mossack Fonseca">Mossack Fonseca</a> dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a>. Ces cabinets sont localisés dans des paradis fiscaux (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belize?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">îles Vierges britanniques</a> (BVI), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chypre_(pays)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chypre (pays)">Chypre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duba%C3%AF_(%C3%A9mirat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dubaï (émirat)">Dubaï</a>) et jouent un rôle central dans la création de milliers de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_%C3%A9cran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société écran">sociétés-écrans</a>.</p> <p>En montrant que plus des deux tiers des sociétés <i>offshore</i> exposées au grand jour par cette fuite ont été créées dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">îles Vierges britanniques</a>, l'ICIJ confirme que ce territoire connu comme une juridiction particulièrement laxiste et avantageuse vis-à-vis de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vasion_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évasion fiscale">évasion fiscale</a> joue un rôle majeur pour le maintien de la finance <i>offshore</i> secrète<sup id="cite_ref-:_17-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">ICIJ</a> a notamment montré que « cabinet d'avocats de l'élite latino-américaine »<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Source_insuffisante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Source insuffisante">[source insuffisante]</a></sup>, le cabinet d'avocats panaméen <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alem%C3%A1n,_Cordero,_Galindo_%26_Lee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemán, Cordero, Galindo & Lee">Alemán, Cordero, Galindo & Lee</a> (ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alcogal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcogal">Alcogal</a>) est, selon ces documents, celui qui a créé au moins 14 000 sociétés écrans et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiducie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiducie">fiducies</a> dans des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradis_fiscaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradis fiscaux">paradis fiscaux</a>. Alcogal est le fournisseur <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">offshore</span></i> le plus souvent mentionné dans les documents divulgués<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Plus au nord, le plus grand cabinet d'avocats des États-Unis, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baker_McKenzie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baker McKenzie">Baker McKenzie</a>, se révèle avoir aussi contribué à créer le système <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">offshore</span></i> contemporain<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-20" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <table class="wikitable alternance centre" style="width:100%"> <caption> Liste des 14 fournisseurs/opérateurs de services financiers <i>offshore</i> impliqués dans les « Pandora Papers » (par ordre alphabétique)<sup id="cite_ref-14FirmesImpliquees_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14FirmesImpliquees-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Fournisseur/opérateur</th> <th>Fichiers</th> <th>Période</th> <th>Localisation du fournisseur</th> <th>Année de création</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AABOL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AABOL">AABOL</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/All_About_Offshore_Limited?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="All About Offshore Limited">All About Offshore Limited</a>)</td> <td>270 328</td> <td>2002-2019 (17 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Seychelles"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Seychelles.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Seychelles"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/20px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/20px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des Seychelles" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/30px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/40px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seychelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></span></td> <td>2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alcogal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcogal">Alcogal</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alem%C3%A1n,_Cordero,_Galindo_%26_Lee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemán, Cordero, Galindo & Lee">Alemán, Cordero, Galindo & Lee</a>)</td> <td>2 185 783</td> <td>1970-2019 (49 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Panama"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Panama.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Panama"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau du Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/20px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/20px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau du Panama" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/30px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/40px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama">Panama</a></span></td> <td>1985</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Alpha Consulting Limited</td> <td>823 305</td> <td>1996-2020 (24 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Seychelles"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Seychelles.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Seychelles"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/20px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/20px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des Seychelles" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/30px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/40px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seychelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></span></td> <td>2008</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asiaciti_Trust?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asiaciti Trust">Asiaciti Trust Asia Limited</a></td> <td>1 800 650</td> <td>1996-2019 (23 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hong Kong"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de Hong Kong"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de Hong Kong" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></td> <td>1978</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CCS Trust Limited</td> <td>149 378</td> <td>2001-2017 (16 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Belize"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belize.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Belize"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau du Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau du Belize" data-width="20" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belize?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belize">Belize</a></span></td> <td>2005</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CIL Trust International</td> <td>459 476</td> <td>1996-2019 (23 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Belize"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belize.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Belize"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau du Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau du Belize" data-width="20" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belize?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belize">Belize</a></span></td> <td>1994</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Commence Overseas Limited</td> <td>8 661</td> <td>2004-2017 (13 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Vierges britanniques"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">Îles Vierges britanniques</a></span></td> <td>1992</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Demetrios A. Demetriades LLC</td> <td>469 184</td> <td>1993-2021 (28 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Chypre"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de Chypre"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de Chypre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de Chypre" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chypre_(pays)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chypre (pays)">Chypre</a></span></td> <td>1966</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fidelity Corporate Services Limited</td> <td>213 733</td> <td>1998-2019 (21 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Vierges britanniques"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">Îles Vierges britanniques</a></span></td> <td>2005</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Glenn D. Godfrey and Company LLP</td> <td>189 907</td> <td>1980-2019 (39 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Vierges britanniques"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">Îles Vierges britanniques</a></span></td> <td>2003</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il_Shin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Il Shin">Il Shin</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il_Shin_CPA_Limited?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Shin CPA Limited">Il Shin CPA Limited</a>)</td> <td>1 575 840</td> <td>1996-2020 (24 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hong Kong"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de Hong Kong"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de Hong Kong" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></td> <td>2004</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Overseas Management Company Inc</td> <td>190 477</td> <td>1997-2020 (23 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Panama"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Panama.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Panama"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau du Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/20px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/20px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau du Panama" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/30px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/40px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama">Panama</a></span></td> <td>1961</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SFM Corporate Services</td> <td>191 623</td> <td>2000-2019 (19 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Suisse"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Suisse"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la Suisse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la Suisse" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">Suisse</a></span><br><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Émirats arabes unis"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Émirats arabes unis"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des Émirats arabes unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des Émirats arabes unis" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mirats_arabes_unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émirats arabes unis">Émirats arabes unis</a></span></td> <td>2006</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Trident Trust Company Limited</td> <td>3 375 331</td> <td>1970-2019 (49 ans)</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Vierges britanniques"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des Îles Vierges britanniques" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">Îles Vierges britanniques</a></span></td> <td>1986</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Exemples_d'implications"><span id="Exemples_d.27implications"></span>Exemples d'implications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Exemples d'implications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><b>Alcogal</b> (Alemán, Cordero, Galindo & Lee) cabinet d'avocats panaméen dirigé par un ancien ambassadeur panaméen aux États-Unis, a créé au moins 3 926 sociétés <i>offshore</i>. Selon l'ICIJ c'est le « cabinet d'avocats de l'élite latino-américaine »<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qui a créé au moins 14 000 sociétés écrans et trusts dans des paradis fiscaux. Ce prestataire est le plus mentionné, plus que tout autre fournisseur <i>offshore</i>, dans les Pandora Papers<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><b>Trident Trust</b>, une société d'administration d'entreprise, de fiducies et de fonds, également fournisseur de prestations <i>offshore</i>, créée au début des années 1980, et qui a notamment domicilié 346 sociétés libanaises<sup id="cite_ref-LM_20211006_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LM_20211006-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><b>CILTrust International Inc.</b> (ex-<i>CitiTrust International Inc</i>). Cette société de prestations <i>offshore</i>, associée à un cabinet d'avocats, créée en 1994, est située au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belize?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belize">Belize</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Avec d'autres sociétés appartenant également à Glenn Godfrey, elle a aidé des auteurs d'actes répréhensibles à protéger leur argent et à échapper à la justice<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Godfrey âgé de 71 ans en 2021 est consul de Finlande au Belize, et ancien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Procureur_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Procureur général">procureur général</a>, ancien ministre du Tourisme et de l'Environnement, ancien membre de l'Assemblée nationale du Belize et il a lui-même aidé le Belize à rédiger ses textes de lois sur les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiducie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiducie">fiducies</a>. Il possède CILTrust avec sa femme, directrice générale de l'entreprise, qui est aussi ancienne directrice nationale du tourisme<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 2000, selon le magazine <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wired_(magazine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>, il a dit <span class="citation">« Si un homme ne veut pas payer ses impôts, ce n'est pas un crime contre l'humanité. C'est entre lui et son gouvernement »</span><sup id="cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Les_paradis_fiscaux_et_pays_en_cause">Les paradis fiscaux et pays en cause</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les paradis fiscaux et pays en cause" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Bahamas">Bahamas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bahamas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Belize">Belize</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Belize" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="îles_Vierges_britanniques"><span id=".C3.AEles_Vierges_britanniques"></span>îles Vierges britanniques</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : îles Vierges britanniques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Chypre">Chypre</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Chypre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Dubaï"><span id="Duba.C3.AF"></span>Dubaï</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Dubaï" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Selon les Pandora Papers, une trousse d'informations confidentielles obtenues par l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">ICIJ</a>, les vrais propriétaires de ces entreprises incluent une série de joueurs de côtes obscurs<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le récit des entreprises offshore formées dans l'enclave d'entreprise de Dubaï jette une nouvelle lumière sur la croissance de Dubaï comme l'une des capitales financières mondiales ainsi que le rôle des Etats-Unis en tant que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blanchiment_d%27argent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blanchiment d'argent">blanchiment d'argent</a> et autres moyeux de la criminalité financière.</p> <p>Les ÉAU ont une industrie de secrétation financière florissante. Il fournit aux entreprises shell qui cachent les identités de leurs propriétaires réels, des dizaines de zones de libre-échange internes, et un système de réglementation connu pour ses «questions non-questions, une approche non malvoyante» pour traiter de l'argent liée à la contrebande d'or, à la traite des armes et à d'autres <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crimes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimes">crimes</a>.</p> <p>SFM Corporate Services se facture comme «le fournisseur de formation de la société de l'entreprise au monde», compte 190 000 dossiers sensibles entre les données de plus de 11,9 millions de données dans les Pandora Papers.</p> <p>Au moins 2 977 entreprises des Émirats arabes unis, des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">Îles Vierges britanniques</a> et d'autres centres financiers offshore qui ont été incorporés avec l'aide de SFM. En outre, le Tycoon Belge Gold, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entrepreneur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet">Internet</a>, l'impressionnaire sombre Web, et plus de 20 autres personnes accusées de crimes financiers et d'autres inconduites dans tout le monde font partie des propriétaires de ces sociétés. Cheikh Hazza, Cheikh Tahnoon Ben Zayed et Cheikh Mohammed Ben Rashid Al Maktoum, sont parmi les Royals Emirati avec des exploitations offshore exposés dans le rapport. Selon les fichiers<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, Cheikh Rashid Al Maktoum est connecté à deux sociétés des Îles Vierges britanniques au fondateur de DarkMatter<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Monaco_(investissements_immobiliers)"><span id="Monaco_.28investissements_immobiliers.29"></span>Monaco (investissements immobiliers)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Monaco (investissements immobiliers)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Panama[27],[28]"><span id="Panama.5B27.5D.2C.5B28.5D"></span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama">Panama</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Panama[27],[28]" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Seychelles">Seychelles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Seychelles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Suisse">Suisse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Suisse" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les Pandora Papers ont mis en lumière le rôle des avocats suisses, des comptables et des consultants dans la gestion de la richesse des riches clients. Le contenu de 11,9 millions de documents de havre d'impôt relatifs aux affaires financières des dirigeants politiques et d'autres chiffres a été publié et comprenait également les détails des sommes d'argent diffusées dans le monde, inclus la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">Suisse</a>, via des structures financières opaques par l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">ICIJ</a>. De plus, Fidinam, a contribué à créer 7 000 sociétés Shell Sociétés depuis le début des années 2000<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Réactions"><span id="R.C3.A9actions"></span>Réactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Réactions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Réactions_politiques"><span id="R.C3.A9actions_politiques"></span>Réactions politiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Réactions politiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En Asie, les gouvernements du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">Inde</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ont annoncé des enquêtes sur les personnes citées dans les Pandora Papers.</p> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russie">Russie</a>, le porte-parole du Kremlin <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dmitri_Peskov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dmitri Peskov">Dmitri Peskov</a> rejette les accusations contre les proches présumés du président <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Poutine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Poutine">Vladimir Poutine</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le Kremlin avait démenti en novembre 2020 les accusations similaires du site russe d'investigations<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En France, l'administration fiscale vérifie si des résidents fiscaux français ont fraudé. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a> précise « la Direction générale des finances publiques (…) engagerait sans aucun délai des démarches nécessaires pour récupérer toutes les sommes » en cas de fraude<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La présidente de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commission_europ%C3%A9enne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commission européenne">Commission européenne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>, a jugé le contenu de ces révélations « complètement inacceptables »<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Réactions_publiques"><span id="R.C3.A9actions_publiques"></span>Réactions publiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Réactions publiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Dans un entretien à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_Info_(offre_globale)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France Info (offre globale)">France Info</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Quentin_Parrinello&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Quentin Parrinello (page inexistante)">Quentin Parrinello</a>, porte-parole d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxfam_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxfam France">Oxfam France</a>, a qualifié la révélation de « choquant[e], notamment dans la période actuelle » tout en affirmant que la volonté politique de mettre fin aux paradis fiscaux s'est davantage développée dans les discours que dans les actes depuis le scandale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'ONG exprime ensuite sa consternation face au retrait par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_europ%C3%A9enne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union européenne">Union européenne</a>, le 5 octobre 2021, deux jours après les révélations des Pandora Papers, de sa liste noire des paradis fiscaux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anguilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominique_(pays)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominique (pays)">Dominique</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seychelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Chiara Putaturo, experte en fiscalité européenne au sein de l'ONG, déclare que <span class="citation">« la décision de retirer Anguilla, la seule juridiction restante avec un taux d'imposition de zéro pour cent, et les Seychelles, qui sont au cœur du dernier scandale fiscal, fait de la liste noire de l'UE une plaisanterie »</span><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Parmi les économistes, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Piketty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Piketty">Thomas Piketty</a> rappelle qu'en dépit d'annonces affirmant périodiquement que la lutte contre l'évasion fiscale a enrayé le phénomène, <span class="citation">« aucun indicateur fiable ne permet de dire que la situation se soit améliorée au cours des dix dernières années »</span> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ProPublica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> avait révélé quelques mois plus tôt que les milliardaires américains ne payaient presque pas d'impôt, comparativement à leur enrichissement et à ce que paie le grand public). Selon le magazine <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Challenges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Challenges">Challenges</a></i>, le patrimoine des 500 français les plus riches est passé de 210 milliards d’euros à plus de 730 milliards en dix ans (de 2010 à 2020) et l'État refuse de publier ce qu'ils payent en impôts<sup id="cite_ref-PickettyOct2021Reaction_38-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PickettyOct2021Reaction-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Thomas Piketty propose que soit créé un cadastre financier public, et une imposition minimale de l’ensemble des patrimoines<sup id="cite_ref-PickettyOct2021Reaction_38-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PickettyOct2021Reaction-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Personnalités_concernées"><span id="Personnalit.C3.A9s_concern.C3.A9es"></span>Personnalités concernées</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Personnalités concernées" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Liste_des_personnes_cit%C3%A9es_dans_les_Pandora_Papers&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Liste des personnes citées dans les Pandora Papers (page inexistante)">Liste des personnes citées dans les Pandora Papers</a>. </div> </div> <p>L'enquête journalistique Pandora Papers a mis au jour les avoirs <i>offshore</i> secrets de plus de 130 milliardaires de 45 pays.</p> <p>Dans les premières révélations du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>, des dirigeants de premier plan sont cités, tels que <span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abdallah_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abdallah II"><span class="nowrap">Abdallah <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></a></span>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luis_Abinader?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrick_Achi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrick Achi">Patrick Achi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrej Babiš">Andrej Babis</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milo Đukanović">Milo Đukanović</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillermo_Lasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillermo Lasso">Guillermo Lasso</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohammed_ben_Rachid_Al_Maktoum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohammed ben Rachid Al Maktoum">Mohammed ben Rachid Al Maktoum</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a>. Des anciens politiques comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung Chun-ying</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nirupama_Rajapaksa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nirupama Rajapaksa (page inexistante)">Nirupama Rajapaksa</a> sont aussi présents dans cette liste<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Ce sont 336 hommes politiques à travers le monde qui auraient utilisé des entités dans des juridictions complaisantes pour acheter des biens immobiliers, détenir de l’argent en fiducie, posséder d’autres sociétés et d’autres actifs, parfois de manière anonyme.</p> <p>En Afrique, 43 hommes politiques sont cités dans les « Pandora Papers » : 10 au Nigeria et 9 en Angola (9 politiciens). Les autres pays cités dans l’enquête sont : le Maroc, la Côte d’Ivoire, le Ghana, le Tchad, le Gabon, le Congo Brazzaville, le Kenya, le Zimbabwe et l’Afrique du Sud<sup id="cite_ref-+h3_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-+h3-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe_de_l%27Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe de l'Est">Europe de l'Est</a>, quarante-six <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oligarchie_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oligarchie russe">oligarques</a> russes<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, proche de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Poutine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Poutine">Vladimir Poutine</a><sup id="cite_ref-+h2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-+h2-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Outre ces personnalités, sont aussi cités relatifs à des actifs cachés dans les paradis fiscaux, ces autres noms :</p> <ul> <li>des banquiers ;</li> <li>de grands donateurs politiques ;</li> <li>des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marchand_d%27armes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marchand d'armes">marchands d'armes</a> ou leur famille (comme le fils de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Djouhri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Djouhri">Alexandre Djouhri</a>) ;</li> <li>des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Criminel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminel">criminels</a> internationaux (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raffaele_Amato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raffaele Amato">Raffaele Amato</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Low_Taek_Jho&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Low Taek Jho (page inexistante)">Low Taek Jho</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jho_Low&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jho Low (page inexistante)">Jho Low</a>, personnage-clé du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scandale_de_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scandale de 1Malaysia Development Berhad">scandale 1MDB</a>) ;</li> <li>des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renseignement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renseignement">directeurs d'agence de renseignement</a> ;</li> <li>des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vedette_(personnalit%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vedette (personnalité)">vedettes</a>, telles que : <ul> <li>des acteurs (<abbr class="abbr" title="Exemple">ex. :</abbr> l'acteur indien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jackie_Shroff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jackie Shroff">Jackie Shroff</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraStars5oct2021-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>,</li> <li>des mannequins (<abbr class="abbr" title="Exemple">ex. :</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claudia Schiffer">Claudia Schiffer</a>, propriétaire d'au moins six sociétés <i>offshore</i> et a créé une fiducie au profit de sa famille. Ses avocats ont dit au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a> qu'elle se conformait à la loi fiscale du Royaume-Uni où elle vit<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraStars5oct2021-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>des stars de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pop_(musique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pop (musique)">Pop</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="Exemple">ex. :</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringo_Starr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a><sup id="cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraStars5oct2021-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shakira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shakira">Shakira</a> (poursuivie pour avoir détourné via des sociétés <i>offshore</i> 16,4 millions de dollars d'impôts, encourus de 2012 à 2014 en Espagne)<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraStars5oct2021-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miguel_Bose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Bose">Miguel Bose</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elton_John?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elton John">Elton John</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>des sportifs connus (<abbr class="abbr" title="Exemple">ex. :</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Di_Mar%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ángel Di María">Ángel Di María</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guy_Forget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guy Forget">Guy Forget</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pep_Guardiola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pep Guardiola">Pep Guardiola</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a><sup id="cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraStars5oct2021-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p><br></p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Partie des personnalités incriminées par les Pandora Papers</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Juan Carlos Ier ex-roi d'Espagne"> <noscript> <img alt="Juan Carlos Ier ex-roi d'Espagne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg/145px-Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="465"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 97px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg/145px-Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg" data-alt="Juan Carlos Ier ex-roi d'Espagne" data-width="97" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg/218px-Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg/291px-Juan_Carlos_I_2009_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pr%C3%A9somption_de_fraude_fiscale_et_de_corruption" title="Juan Carlos Ier">Juan Carlos Ier</a> ex-roi d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">Espagne</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Laurent Salvador Lamothe, ex-Premier ministre, - Haïti -"> <noscript> <img alt="Laurent Salvador Lamothe, ex-Premier ministre, - Haïti -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg/126px-Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="1638"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 84px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg/126px-Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg" data-alt="Laurent Salvador Lamothe, ex-Premier ministre, - Haïti -" data-width="84" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg/189px-Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg/252px-Haitian_Prime_Minister_Lamothe_2014.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laurent_Lamothe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Controverses" title="Laurent Lamothe">Laurent Salvador Lamothe</a>,<br> ex-Premier ministre,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haïti">Haïti</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Riad_Salameh_(cropped).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Riad Salamé, gouverneur de Banque d'Etat, - Liban -"> <noscript> <img alt="Riad Salamé, gouverneur de Banque d'Etat, - Liban -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Riad_Salameh_%28cropped%29.png/135px-Riad_Salameh_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="333"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Riad_Salameh_%28cropped%29.png/135px-Riad_Salameh_%28cropped%29.png" data-alt="Riad Salamé, gouverneur de Banque d'Etat, - Liban -" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Riad_Salameh_%28cropped%29.png/203px-Riad_Salameh_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Riad_Salameh_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riad_Salam%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riad Salamé">Riad Salamé</a>,<br> gouverneur de Banque d'Etat,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liban?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liban">Liban</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Silvio Berlusconi, ex-président du Conseil en Italie, - Italie -"> <noscript> <img alt="Silvio Berlusconi, ex-président du Conseil en Italie, - Italie -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="566"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Silvio Berlusconi, ex-président du Conseil en Italie, - Italie -" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/202px-Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Silvio_Berlusconi_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Poursuites_judiciaires" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>,<br> ex-président du Conseil en Italie,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">Italie</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Uhuru Kenyatta, ex-président de la République, - Kenya -"> <noscript> <img alt="Uhuru Kenyatta, ex-président de la République, - Kenya -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg/135px-Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg/135px-Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg" data-alt="Uhuru Kenyatta, ex-président de la République, - Kenya -" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg/202px-Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg/270px-Uhuru_Kenyatta.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89vasion_fiscale_/_Pandora_Papers" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>,<br> ex-président de la République,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Ringo_Starr_(2007).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Ringo Starr, membre des Beatles, - Royaume-Uni -"> <noscript> <img alt="Ringo Starr, membre des Beatles, - Royaume-Uni -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ringo_Starr_%282007%29.jpg/240px-Ringo_Starr_%282007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ringo_Starr_%282007%29.jpg/240px-Ringo_Starr_%282007%29.jpg" data-alt="Ringo Starr, membre des Beatles, - Royaume-Uni -" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ringo_Starr_%282007%29.jpg/360px-Ringo_Starr_%282007%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Ringo_Starr_%282007%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringo_Starr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Affaires_judiciaires" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a>,<br> membre des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Beatles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Beatles">Beatles</a>,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Aires_Ali.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Aires Ali, ex-1er ministre, - Mozambique"> <noscript> <img alt="Aires Ali, ex-1er ministre, - Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aires_Ali.jpg/141px-Aires_Ali.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1533"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 94px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aires_Ali.jpg/141px-Aires_Ali.jpg" data-alt="Aires Ali, ex-1er ministre, - Mozambique" data-width="94" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aires_Ali.jpg/212px-Aires_Ali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aires_Ali.jpg/282px-Aires_Ali.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aires_Ali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aires Ali">Aires Ali</a>,<br> ex-<abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> ministre,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mozambique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 105.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 103.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdallah II, roi, - Jordanie -"> <noscript> <img alt="Abdallah II, roi, - Jordanie -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg/155px-King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 104px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg/155px-King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg" data-alt="Abdallah II, roi, - Jordanie -" data-width="104" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg/233px-King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg/310px-King_Abdullah_II_of_Jordan_portrait.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abdallah_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abdallah II">Abdallah II</a>,<br> roi,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordanie">Jordanie</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 83.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 81.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tony_Blair_2010_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Tony Blair, ex-1er ministre, - Royaume-Uni -"> <noscript> <img alt="Tony Blair, ex-1er ministre, - Royaume-Uni -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tony_Blair_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/122px-Tony_Blair_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="2428"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 82px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tony_Blair_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/122px-Tony_Blair_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Tony Blair, ex-1er ministre, - Royaume-Uni -" data-width="82" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tony_Blair_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/183px-Tony_Blair_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tony_Blair_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/244px-Tony_Blair_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tony_Blair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>,<br> ex-<abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> ministre,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_(13).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll auteur interprète - Colombie -"> <noscript> <img alt="Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll auteur interprète - Colombie -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_%2813%29.jpg/180px-Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_%2813%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="893"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_%2813%29.jpg/180px-Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_%2813%29.jpg" data-alt="Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll auteur interprète - Colombie -" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_%2813%29.jpg/270px-Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_%2813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_%2813%29.jpg/360px-Shakira_-_2011_Singapore_Grand_Prix_%2813%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shakira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89vasion_fiscale" title="Shakira">Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll</a><br> auteur interprète<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colombie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colombie">Colombie</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lalla Hasnaa, princesse , - Maroc -"> <noscript> <img alt="Lalla Hasnaa, princesse , - Maroc -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg/141px-PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="553"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 94px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg/141px-PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg" data-alt="Lalla Hasnaa, princesse , - Maroc -" data-width="94" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg/212px-PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg/282px-PrincessLallaHasna_CROP.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hasnaa_du_Maroc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hasnaa du Maroc">Lalla Hasnaa</a>,<br> princesse ,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maroc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maroc">Maroc</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Claudia Schiffer, mannequin actrice - Allemagne de l'Ouest -"> <noscript> <img alt="Claudia Schiffer, mannequin actrice - Allemagne de l'Ouest -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg/123px-Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="514"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 82px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg/123px-Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg" data-alt="Claudia Schiffer, mannequin actrice - Allemagne de l'Ouest -" data-width="82" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg/184px-Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg/246px-Claudia_Schiffer_C%C3%A9sars_1993.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vie_priv%C3%A9e" title="Claudia Schiffer">Claudia Schiffer</a>,<br> mannequin actrice<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne de l'Ouest">Allemagne de l'Ouest</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, fondatrice de Biocon biotechnolog - Inde -"> <noscript> <img alt="Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, fondatrice de Biocon biotechnolog - Inde -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg/120px-Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2251"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg/120px-Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg" data-alt="Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, fondatrice de Biocon biotechnolog - Inde -" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg/180px-Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg/240px-Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw_BNC.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw">Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw</a>,<br> fondatrice de Biocon biotechnolog<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">Inde</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Elton Hercules John, auteur interprète - Royaume-Uni -"> <noscript> <img alt="Elton Hercules John, auteur interprète - Royaume-Uni -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg/127px-Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg/127px-Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg" data-alt="Elton Hercules John, auteur interprète - Royaume-Uni -" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg/190px-Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg/253px-Elton_John_Cannes_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elton_John?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vie_priv%C3%A9e" title="Elton John">Elton Hercules John</a>,<br> auteur interprète<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 77.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 75.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez,_2012.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Marta Lucía Ramírez, ancienne vice-présidente République, - Colombie -"> <noscript> <img alt="Marta Lucía Ramírez, ancienne vice-présidente République, - Colombie -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez%2C_2012.jpg/113px-Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="2066"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez%2C_2012.jpg/113px-Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez%2C_2012.jpg" data-alt="Marta Lucía Ramírez, ancienne vice-présidente République, - Colombie -" data-width="76" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez%2C_2012.jpg/170px-Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez%2C_2012.jpg/226px-Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Scandale_Odebrecht" title="Marta Lucía Ramírez">Marta Lucía Ramírez</a>,<br> ancienne vice-présidente République,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colombie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colombie">Colombie</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:MaAsuncionAramburuzabala.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="María Asunción Aramburuzabala Milliardaire présidente de Tresalia Capital, - Mexique -"> <noscript> <img alt="María Asunción Aramburuzabala Milliardaire présidente de Tresalia Capital, - Mexique -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MaAsuncionAramburuzabala.PNG/144px-MaAsuncionAramburuzabala.PNG" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="189"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MaAsuncionAramburuzabala.PNG/144px-MaAsuncionAramburuzabala.PNG" data-alt="María Asunción Aramburuzabala Milliardaire présidente de Tresalia Capital, - Mexique -" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/MaAsuncionAramburuzabala.PNG 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Asunci%C3%B3n_Aramburuzabala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fortune" title="María Asunción Aramburuzabala">María Asunción Aramburuzabala</a> Milliardaire présidente de Tresalia Capital,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexique">Mexique</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Ángela María Orozco, ex-ministre du Commerce extérieur et des Transports, - Colombie -"> <noscript> <img alt="Ángela María Orozco, ex-ministre du Commerce extérieur et des Transports, - Colombie -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png/146px-%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1529" data-file-height="1887"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 98px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png/146px-%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png" data-alt="Ángela María Orozco, ex-ministre du Commerce extérieur et des Transports, - Colombie -" data-width="98" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png/219px-%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png/292px-%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81ngela_Mar%C3%ADa_Orozco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ángela María Orozco">Ángela María Orozco</a>,<br> ex-ministre du Commerce extérieur et des Transports,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colombie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colombie">Colombie</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94.666666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_(cropped).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Cherie Blair, avocate défenseuse des îles Maldives[43], - Royaume-Uni"> <noscript> <img alt="Cherie Blair, avocate défenseuse des îles Maldives[43], - Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.JPG/142px-Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="858"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.JPG/142px-Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-alt="Cherie Blair, avocate défenseuse des îles Maldives[43], - Royaume-Uni" data-width="95" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.JPG/214px-Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.JPG/285px-Cherie_Blair_Jimmy_Wales_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cherie_Blair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Controverses" title="Cherie Blair">Cherie Blair</a>,<br> avocate défenseuse des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maldives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Droits_de_l'homme" title="Maldives">îles Maldives</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Strauss-Kahn,_Dominique_(official_portrait_2008).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Dominique StraussKahn fonctionnaire international ex-président du FMI - France"> <noscript> <img alt="Dominique StraussKahn fonctionnaire international ex-président du FMI - France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Strauss-Kahn%2C_Dominique_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg/128px-Strauss-Kahn%2C_Dominique_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 86px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Strauss-Kahn%2C_Dominique_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg/128px-Strauss-Kahn%2C_Dominique_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg" data-alt="Dominique StraussKahn fonctionnaire international ex-président du FMI - France" data-width="86" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Strauss-Kahn%2C_Dominique_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg/193px-Strauss-Kahn%2C_Dominique_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Strauss-Kahn%2C_Dominique_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg/257px-Strauss-Kahn%2C_Dominique_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Panama_et_Pandora_Papers" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Dominique StraussKahn</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_internationale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation internationale">fonctionnaire international</a> ex-président du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FMI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FMI">FMI</a><br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Patrick Achi, 1er ministre, - Côte d'Ivoire -"> <noscript> <img alt="Patrick Achi, 1er ministre, - Côte d'Ivoire -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg/149px-Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg/149px-Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg" data-alt="Patrick Achi, 1er ministre, - Côte d'Ivoire -" data-width="100" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg/223px-Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg/298px-Patrick_Achi_portrait_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrick_Achi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Premier_gouvernement" title="Patrick Achi">Patrick Achi</a>,<br><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> ministre,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Pierre_Castel_2019_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pierre Castel, milliardaire fondateur Castel Frères - France -"> <noscript> <img alt="Pierre Castel, milliardaire fondateur Castel Frères - France -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pierre_Castel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/114px-Pierre_Castel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="367"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pierre_Castel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/114px-Pierre_Castel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Pierre Castel, milliardaire fondateur Castel Frères - France -" data-width="76" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pierre_Castel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/171px-Pierre_Castel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pierre_Castel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/228px-Pierre_Castel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Castel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_Afrique" title="Pierre Castel">Pierre Castel</a>,<br> milliardaire fondateur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_Castel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Controverses" title="Groupe Castel">Castel Frères</a><br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Ali Bongo, ex-président de la République, - Gabon -"> <noscript> <img alt="Ali Bongo, ex-président de la République, - Gabon -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_%28cropped%29.jpg/175px-London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1424"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 117px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_%28cropped%29.jpg/175px-London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Ali Bongo, ex-président de la République, - Gabon -" data-width="117" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_%28cropped%29.jpg/263px-London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_%28cropped%29.jpg/350px-London_Conference_on_The_Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ali_Bongo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vie_personnelle" title="Ali Bongo">Ali Bongo</a>,<br> ex-président de la République,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 68.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 66.666666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:RedOne_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Nadir Khayat dit RedOne, producteur auteur, - Maroc -"> <noscript> <img alt="Nadir Khayat dit RedOne, producteur auteur, - Maroc -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/RedOne_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-RedOne_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 67px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/RedOne_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-RedOne_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Nadir Khayat dit RedOne, producteur auteur, - Maroc -" data-width="67" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/RedOne_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-RedOne_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/RedOne_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-RedOne_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RedOne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arriv%C3%A9e_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis_(depuis_2007)" title="RedOne">Nadir Khayat dit RedOne</a>,<br> producteur auteur,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maroc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maroc">Maroc</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Sylvain-Maillard_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Sylvain Maillard, député République en marche de Paris, - France -"> <noscript> <img alt="Sylvain Maillard, député République en marche de Paris, - France -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sylvain-Maillard_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Sylvain-Maillard_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="3454"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sylvain-Maillard_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Sylvain-Maillard_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Sylvain Maillard, député République en marche de Paris, - France -" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sylvain-Maillard_%28cropped%29.jpg/202px-Sylvain-Maillard_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sylvain-Maillard_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Sylvain-Maillard_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sylvain_Maillard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mise_en_cause_dans_les_Pandora_Papers" title="Sylvain Maillard">Sylvain Maillard</a>,<br> député <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LREM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LREM">République en marche</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a>,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Denis Sassou-Nguesso, actuel président de la République, - Congo -"> <noscript> <img alt="Denis Sassou-Nguesso, actuel président de la République, - Congo -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png/156px-Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="629"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 104px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png/156px-Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png" data-alt="Denis Sassou-Nguesso, actuel président de la République, - Congo -" data-width="104" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png/235px-Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png/313px-Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denis_Sassou-Nguesso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_2021" title="Denis Sassou-Nguesso">Denis Sassou-Nguesso</a>,<br> actuel président de la République,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_du_Congo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République du Congo">Congo</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Volodymyr Zelensky, actuel président de la République, - Ukraine -"> <noscript> <img alt="Volodymyr Zelensky, actuel président de la République, - Ukraine -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg/152px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="932"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg/152px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg" data-alt="Volodymyr Zelensky, actuel président de la République, - Ukraine -" data-width="102" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg/228px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg/304px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politique_int%C3%A9rieure" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a>,<br> actuel président de la République,<br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> - </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_(23519218878)_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Tamim ben Hamad Al Thani, émir, sixième souverain le plus riche du monde, - Qatar -"> <noscript> <img alt="Tamim ben Hamad Al Thani, émir, sixième souverain le plus riche du monde, - Qatar -" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_%2823519218878%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/159px-Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_%2823519218878%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="823"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 106px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_%2823519218878%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/159px-Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_%2823519218878%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Tamim ben Hamad Al Thani, émir, sixième souverain le plus riche du monde, - Qatar -" data-width="106" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_%2823519218878%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/239px-Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_%2823519218878%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_%2823519218878%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/319px-Sheikh_Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al-Thani_in_Qatar_%2823519218878%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamim_ben_Hamad_Al_Thani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamim ben Hamad Al Thani">Tamim ben Hamad Al Thani</a>,<br> émir, sixième souverain le plus riche du monde, <br> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qatar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> - </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Allemagne">Allemagne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Allemagne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claudia Schiffer">Claudia Schiffer</a>, mannequin et actrice<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraStars5oct2021-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Azerbaïdjan"><span id="Azerba.C3.AFdjan"></span>Azerbaïdjan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Azerbaïdjan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a>, président de la République.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Belgique">Belgique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Belgique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>1 217 personnalités belges sont citées dans les Pandora Papers<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, dont :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bernard_de_Laguiche&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bernard de Laguiche (page inexistante)">Bernard de Laguiche</a>, ancien directeur financier de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solvay_(entreprise)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solvay (entreprise)">Solvay</a> et membre du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conseil_d%27administration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conseil d'administration">conseil d'administration</a> du groupe ; Hubert de Wangen, ancien cadre de Solvay ; et plus largement plusieurs familles du Groupe Solvay (Aubertin, de Laguiche et de Wangen de Geroldseck Aux Vosges)<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, de même que l'entreprise chimique Solvay elle-même. Ces familles ont, selon l'ICIJ, caché des centaines de milliers d'actions Solvay/Solvac (équivalentes à plusieurs dizaines de millions d'euros) aux îles Vierges britanniques, évitant ainsi l'impôt de 30 % sur les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dividende?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dividende">dividendes</a> dû en Belgique)<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Guy_de_Selliers_de_Moranville&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Guy de Selliers de Moranville (page inexistante)">Guy de Selliers de Moranville</a>, vice-président de l'assurance <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ageas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ageas">Ageas</a> ; il est aussi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Actionnaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Actionnaire">actionnaire</a> depuis 2017 de Milazzo Properties Holdings Limited basé aux îles Vierges britanniques, et même administrateur depuis 2018. Cette holding cachait des « biens résidentiels » d'une valeur de 4,5 millions de livres sterling selon les Pandora Papers. Selliers de Moranville se défend en arguant qu'il n'est pas un contribuable belge, mais un britannique « non-domicilié »<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9o_Roussis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Théo Roussis (page inexistante)">Théo Roussis</a>, administrateur de KBC (et en 1999 de Polymed Limited, basé dans les îles Vierges britanniques). Il aurait conservé ce poste au moins jusqu'à la fin de 2013<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marc_Blanpain&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marc Blanpain (page inexistante)">Marc Blanpain</a>, ancien responsable de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_Banque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Générale de Banque">Générale de Banque</a>, et en 2013 administrateur d'Eyes Investments Limited, basé aux îles Vierges britanniques<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Van_Campenhout&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Xavier Van Campenhout (page inexistante)">Xavier Van Campenhout</a> (ancien PDG de Petercam) membre d'un trust propriété d'une famille noble et basé en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouvelle-Zélande">Nouvelle-Zélande</a><sup id="cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wouter_Devriendt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wouter Devriendt (page inexistante)">Wouter Devriendt</a> (ex-PDG de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dexia_(banque)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dexia (banque)">Dexia</a>) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Paul_Lambrechts&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Paul Lambrechts (page inexistante)">Paul Lambrechts</a> (ex-dirigeant de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vlaamse_Radio-_en_Televisieomroeporganisatie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie">VRT</a>, la radio-télévision flamande)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> qui ont tous deux en 2010-2013 acquis pour environ 20 000 dollars d'actions de <i>Candace Management Limited</i>, crée en 2002 aux îles Vierges britanniques, co-actionnaire d<i>African Spirit</i> à Maurice, qui possède Asilia Africa (holding de parcs de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Safari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Safari">safari</a> Asilia au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a> et en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanzanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanzanie">Tanzanie</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Selon la société d'État <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Radio-Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société Radio-Canada">Radio-Canada</a> et le quotidien ontarien <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toronto_Star?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>, plus de 500 Canadiens se retrouvent sur la liste des noms dont<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Cazes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Cazes">Alexandre Cazes</a>, accusé d'avoir exploité le site <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AlphaBay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AlphaBay">AlphaBay</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Firoz_Patel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Firoz Patel (page inexistante)">Firoz Patel</a>, homme d'affaires ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fred_Sharp&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fred Sharp (page inexistante)">Fred Sharp</a>, avocat ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elvis_Stojko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elvis Stojko">Elvis Stojko</a>, ancien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patineur_artistique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patineur artistique">patineur artistique</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lawrence_Stroll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lawrence Stroll">Lawrence Stroll</a>, entrepreneur et investisseur ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques Villeneuve">Jacques Villeneuve</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pilote_automobile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pilote automobile">pilote automobile</a> ;</li> <li>David Tassillo, dirigeant de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pornhub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pornhub">Pornhub</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Tsai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Tsai">Joseph Tsai</a>, milliardaire.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Chili">Chili</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Chili" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a>, président de la République<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une enquête est ouverte, liée à la vente en 2010, par ses enfants, de la compagnie minière Minera Dominga, pour 152 millions de dollars. Effectuée aux îles Vierges britanniques, au profit d'un ami du chef de l'État, la transaction prévoyait comme clause suspensive que l’endroit où le projet portuaire et minier devait être développé, ne soit ni déclaré « zone de protection environnementale », ni transformé en réserve nationale, contrairement à ce que l'ex-présidente Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010) avait préconisé, car cette zone riche en biodiversité abrite notamment une colonie de manchots de Humbold. Se saisissant de cette affaire, l’Assemblée nationale lance une procédure de destitution contre le président Sebastian Piñera le 9 novembre 2021 bien qu’il ne puisse se présenter pour un nouveau mandat consécutif lors de l’élection présidentielle du 21 novembre 2021 ; mais le 16 novembre, la majorité requise des deux tiers des voix n'est pas atteinte au Sénat : 24 sénateurs votent en faveur de la destitution, contre 18 et 1 abstention<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Colombie">Colombie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Colombie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shakira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shakira">Shakira</a>, chanteuse<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marta_Luc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marta Lucía Ramírez">Marta Lucía Ramírez</a>, vice-présidente de la République ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gaviria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="César Gaviria">César Gaviria</a>, ancien président de la République ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango">Andrés Pastrana Arango</a>, ancien président de la République ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Luis_Carlos_Sarmiento&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Luis Carlos Sarmiento (page inexistante)">Luis Carlos Sarmiento</a>, milliardaire ;</li> <li>Isaac, Jaime et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Gilinski&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gabriel Gilinski (page inexistante)">Gabriel Gilinski</a>, hommes d'affaires ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eduardo_Pacheco_Cort%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eduardo Pacheco Cortés (page inexistante)">Eduardo Pacheco Cortés</a>, homme d'affaires.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Congo-Brazzaville">Congo-Brazzaville</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Congo-Brazzaville" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denis_Sassou-Nguesso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denis Sassou-Nguesso">Denis Sassou-Nguesso</a>, président de la République.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Côte_d'Ivoire"><span id="C.C3.B4te_d.27Ivoire"></span>Côte d'Ivoire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Côte d'Ivoire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrick_Achi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrick Achi">Patrick Achi</a>, Premier ministre, propriétaire de Allstar Consultancy Services Limited, entreprise <i>offshore</i> basée aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahamas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a><sup id="cite_ref-+h1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-+h1-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Équateur"><span id=".C3.89quateur"></span>Équateur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Équateur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillermo_Lasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillermo Lasso">Guillermo Lasso</a>, président de la République, a contrôlé quatorze sociétés offshore, la plupart basées au Panama<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Espagne">Espagne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Espagne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juan Carlos Ier"><span class="nowrap">Juan Carlos <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a></span>, ancien roi d'Espagne ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julio_Iglesias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a>, chanteur ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miguel_Bos%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miguel Bosé">Miguel Bosé</a>, chanteur et acteur ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pep_Guardiola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pep Guardiola">Pep Guardiola</a>, footballeur et actuel entraîneur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_City_Football_Club?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester City Football Club">Manchester City Football Club</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="États-Unis"><span id=".C3.89tats-Unis"></span>États-Unis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : États-Unis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'ECIJ montre que les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiducie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiducie">fiducies</a> américaines sont devenues un véhicule incontournable du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Secret_financier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Secret financier (page inexistante)">secret financier</a>, notamment dans 5 États du pays, devenus paradis fiscaux : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dakota_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dakota du Sud">Dakota du Sud</a> (avec 81 fiducies impliquées), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floride?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Floride">Floride</a> (37), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delaware?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> (35), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Texas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Texas">Texas</a> (24), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nevada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> (14)<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJorg_53-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJorg-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Parmi les grandes entreprises profitant du système figurent :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apple?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apple">Apple</a>, entreprise multinationale américaine ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abbott_(entreprise)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abbott (entreprise)">Abbott Laboratories</a>, entreprise pharmaceutique américaine ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baker_McKenzie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baker McKenzie">Baker McKenzie</a>, cabinet d'avocats ;</li> <li>La société <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nike">Nike</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RJR_Nabisco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RJR Nabisco">RJR Nabisco</a>, conglomérat américain de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrie_du_tabac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrie du tabac">industrie du tabac</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : France" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Six cents français sont identifiés dans les Pandora Papers, dont plusieurs personnalités politiques<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJorg_53-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJorg-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Dominique Strauss-Kahn</a>, ancien ministre, ancien directeur général du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FMI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FMI">FMI</a>, a fait transiter plusieurs millions de dollars d’honoraires de conseil à des entreprises par une société marocaine exempte d’impôts<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aymeric_Chauprade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aymeric Chauprade">Aymeric Chauprade</a>, ex-conseiller de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> et élu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rassemblement_national?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rassemblement national">Front national</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sylvain_Maillard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sylvain Maillard">Sylvain Maillard</a>, créateur en 2001 de la société Alantys Technology, député <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_en_marche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La République en marche">LREM</a> de Paris depuis 2017<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_Perruchot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Perruchot">Nicolas Perruchot</a>, ancien député et ancien maire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blois">Blois</a>, aurait fait transiter des fonds sur une société établie aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seychelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <p>D'autres personnes notables sont citées :</p> <ul> <li>Marilyn Benedetto, fille de Marcel Benedetto, membre du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milieu_marseillais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milieu marseillais">milieu marseillais</a>, assassiné en 2010. Proche de Gérald Campanella, également membre du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milieu_marseillais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milieu marseillais">milieu marseillais</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Castel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Carri%C3%A8re" title="Pierre Castel">Pierre Castel</a>, est un entrepreneur de Bordeaux, homme d'affaires et milliardaire français. Il est le président-fondateur du Groupe Castel, une société de boissons (brasseries, vins et spiritueux)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Le fils d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Djouhri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Djouhri">Alexandre Djouhri</a>, intermédiaire en armement, a immatriculé sa société, baptisée « A.D. Holding Group Ltd » (« A.D. » comme Alexandre Djouhri) aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seychelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> ;</li> <li>Éric Fiorile, fondateur du « Conseil national de transition ». Il est arrêté en décembre 2020 par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_int%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Direction générale de la Sécurité intérieure">DGSI</a> dans le cadre d’une enquête sur le groupuscule « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Barjols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Barjols">Les Barjols</a> » et les milieux d’extrême droite conspirationnistes<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guy_Forget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guy Forget">Guy Forget</a>, résident suisse, ancien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tennisman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennisman">tennisman</a> professionnel, apparaît jusqu’en 2016 comme bénéficiaire d’une société <i>offshore</i> basée dans les îles vierges britanniques (BVI) et gérée depuis l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Jersey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Île de Jersey">île de Jersey</a> par un cabinet spécialisé<sup id="cite_ref-FI_20211004_63-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FI_20211004-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Luc_Petithuguenin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Luc Petithuguenin">Jean-Luc Petithuguenin</a>, chef d'entreprise français, propriétaire et fondateur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paprec_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paprec Group">Paprec Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Gabon">Gabon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Gabon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ali_Bongo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ali Bongo">Ali Bongo</a>, ex-président de la République gabonaise.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Haïti"><span id="Ha.C3.AFti"></span>Haïti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Haïti" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laurent_Salvador_Lamothe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurent Salvador Lamothe">Laurent Salvador Lamothe</a>, ex-premier ministre d'Haïti sous la présidence de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Joseph_Martelly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel Joseph Martelly">Michel Joseph Martelly</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Honduras">Honduras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Honduras" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porfirio_Lobo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porfirio Lobo">Porfirio Lobo</a>, ancien président de la République ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ricardo_%C3%81lvarez_(homme_politique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ricardo Álvarez (homme politique)">Ricardo Álvarez</a>, vice-président de la République ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasry_Asfura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nasry Asfura">Nasry Asfura</a>, maire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tegucigalpa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tegucigalpa">Tegucigalpa</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jordanie">Jordanie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jordanie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abdallah_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abdallah II">Abdallah II</a>, roi de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordanie">Jordanie</a> aurait créé au moins une trentaine de sociétés <i>offshore</i>. Par le biais de ces entités, il aurait acheté 14 propriétés de luxe aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni, pour plus de 106 millions de dollars.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kenya">Kenya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Kenya" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>, président de la République détient une fondation secrète dans un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradis_fiscal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paradis fiscal">paradis fiscal</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama">Panama</a>), abritant plus de 30 millions de dollars (26 millions d'euros)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>66<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uhuru Kenyatta"> Kenyatta</a>, chantre de la lutte contre la corruption, est fils du premier président du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a> dont la famille domine encore la vie politique (depuis l'indépendance) en s'appuyant notamment sur un « empire » commercial se ramifiant dans les domaines <span class="citation">« des transports, de l'assurance, de l'hôtellerie, de l'agriculture et de la banque »</span><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>67<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liban">Liban</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liban" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Au Liban, en proie à une profonde crise économique, des personnalités politiques et financières de premier plan ont eu recours aux paradis fiscaux<sup id="cite_ref-FI_20211003_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FI_20211003-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Najib_Mikati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a>, président du Conseil des ministres ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hassan_Diab_(homme_d%27%C3%89tat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hassan Diab (homme d'État)">Hassan Diab</a>, ancien président du Conseil des ministres ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Baasiri&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Muhammad Baasiri (page inexistante)">Muhammad Baasiri</a>, ancien haut responsable de la lutte contre la corruption ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riad_Salam%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riad Salamé">Riad Salamé</a>, gouverneur de la banque centrale ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marwan_Kheireddine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marwan Kheireddine">Marwan Kheireddine</a>, ancien ministre d'État libanais.</li> </ul> <p>L’élite politico-financière libanaise est adepte de l’évasion fiscale avec par exemple, <span class="nowrap">346 sociétés</span> répertoriées, domiciliée dans les paradis fiscaux par le cabinet Trident Trust<sup id="cite_ref-LM_20211006_23-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LM_20211006-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Maurice">Maurice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Maurice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Sattar Hajee Abdoula<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>69<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Maroc">Maroc</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Maroc" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Lalla Hasna, princesse marocaine, sœur du roi <span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohammed_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohammed VI"><span class="nowrap">Mohammed <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-+h3_40-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-+h3-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominique Strauss-Khan">Dominique Strauss-Khan</a>, résident fiscal marocain ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yassir_Zenagui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yassir Zenagui">Yassir Zenagui</a>, conseiller du roi <span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohammed_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohammed VI"><span class="nowrap">Mohammed <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-+h3_40-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-+h3-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>Youssef Benjelloun, ancien parlementaire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_de_la_justice_et_du_d%C3%A9veloppement_(Maroc)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti de la justice et du développement (Maroc)">PJD</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sa%C3%AFd_Alj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saïd Alj">Saïd Alj</a>, fondateur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanam_Holding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanam Holding">Sanam holding</a><sup id="cite_ref-le_Desk_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-le_Desk-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>Moulay Abdallah Lalami, patron de <i>SFM</i><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>Faïçal Mekouar, directeur du Fidaroc Grant Thornton<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>73<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>Omar Alaoui, architecte et sa fille l'actrice <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morjana_Alaoui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morjana Alaoui">Morjana</a><sup id="cite_ref-le_Desk_71-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-le_Desk-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RedOne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RedOne">RedOne</a>, auteur, compositeur, réalisateur artistique et producteur de musique<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>74<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>Nessim Elmaleh, ancien salarié de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HSBC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HSBC">HSBC Private Bank Suisse</a>, condamné en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> et en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">Suisse</a> pour blanchiment d'argent de la drogue et fraude fiscale<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>75<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>76<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mexique">Mexique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Mexique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_du_Christ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Légion du Christ">Légion du Christ</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>77<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Niger">Niger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=44&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Niger" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Des flux financiers offshore seraient liés à une collusion entre des sociétés gazières russes liées à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gazprom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a> et la présidence de la République nigérienne sous le régime du président <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mamadou_Tandja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mamadou Tandja">Mamadou Tandja</a> ou de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahamadou_Issoufou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mahamadou Issoufou">Mahamadou Issoufou</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>78<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Panama">Panama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=45&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Panama" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Varela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juan Carlos Varela">Juan Carlos Varela</a>, ancien président de la République ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernesto_P%C3%A9rez-Balladares?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernesto Pérez-Balladares">Ernesto Pérez-Balladares</a>, ancien président de la République ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ricardo_Martinelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ricardo Martinelli">Ricardo Martinelli</a>, ancien président de la République.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Paraguay">Paraguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=46&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Paraguay" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horacio_Cartes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horacio Cartes">Horacio Cartes</a>, ancien président de la République.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pays-Bas">Pays-Bas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=47&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Pays-Bas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wopke_Hoekstra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wopke Hoekstra">Wopke Hoekstra</a>, ministre des Finances, chargé de la lutte contre l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vasion_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évasion fiscale">évasion fiscale</a>, a investi dans une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_%C3%A9cran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société écran">société écran</a> installée aux îles Vierges britanniques (BVI)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>79<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Qatar">Qatar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=48&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Qatar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani</a>, émir du Qatar.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="République_dominicaine"><span id="R.C3.A9publique_dominicaine"></span>République dominicaine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=49&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : République dominicaine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luis_Abinader?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a>, président de la République.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="République_tchèque"><span id="R.C3.A9publique_tch.C3.A8que"></span>République tchèque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=50&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : République tchèque" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrej Babiš">Andrej Babiš</a>, président du gouvernement<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>80<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <p>Les Pandora papers sont publiés à moins d'une semaine des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_l%C3%A9gislatives_tch%C3%A8ques_de_2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections législatives tchèques de 2021">élections législatives tchèques</a>, Babiš doit alors se justifier dans les débats électoraux. Son parti perd les élections<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>81<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=51&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Royaume-Uni" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tony_Blair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, ancien Premier ministre<sup id="cite_ref-FI_20211003_68-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FI_20211003-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elton_John?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, chanteur et compositeur.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douglas_Latchford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douglas Latchford">Douglas Latchford</a>, collectionneur d'antiquités<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>82<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Russie_/_Ukraine"><span id="Russie_.2F_Ukraine"></span>Russie / Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=52&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Russie / Ukraine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'enquête a commencé par mettre au jour les avoirs <i>offshore</i> de 46 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oligarchie_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oligarchie russe">oligarques</a> russes<sup id="cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-22" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, dont certains sont proches de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Poutine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Poutine">Vladimir Poutine</a><sup id="cite_ref-+h2_41-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-+h2-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, dont :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Petr_Kolbin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Petr Kolbin (page inexistante)">Petr Kolbin</a>, ami proche de Vladimir Poutine ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Svetlana_Krivonogikh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Svetlana Krivonogikh (page inexistante)">Svetlana Krivonogikh</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Krivonogikh" class="extiw" title="en:Svetlana Krivonogikh"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Svetlana Krivonogikh »">(en)</span></a>, ancienne maitresse de Vladimir Poutine ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstantin_Ernst?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstantin Ernst">Konstantin Ernst</a>, PDG de Channel One, première chaîne de télévision russe, détenue par l’État.</li> </ul> <p>En 2022, alors qu'après que la Russie soit entrée en guerre contre l'Ukraine, et alors que des vagues de sanctions occidentales ciblent les fidèles de Poutine ; à l'occasion d'une expansion historique de sa la base de données publique <i>Offshore Leaks</i><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>83<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, L'ICIJ et ses partenaires, ont publié un nouveau dossier <i>Pandora Papers Russia</i>, à partir de l'analyse des données provenant d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alpha_Consulting&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alpha Consulting (page inexistante)">Alpha Consulting</a> Ltd.. Ce travail, qui complète une décennie de reportages sur les manœuvres offshore russes montre que ce fournisseur de services offshore basé aux Seychelles, qui servait surtout des clients russes a aidé plus de 800 oligarques, banquiers et politiciens russes à cacher leur fortune derrière des sociétés écran offshore basées dans des paradis fiscaux, avec l'aide de facilitateurs occidentaux<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>84<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; certaines de ces données montrent aussi comment des entreprises liées aux alliés de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Poutine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Poutine">Vladimir Poutine</a> et à d'autres personnalités politiques russes et ukrainiennes peuvent être utilisées pour échapper aux sanctions internationales (40 % des plus de 2 000 sociétés, fondations et fiducies offshore qui faisait appel à Alpha Consulting ont un ou plusieurs bénéficiaires effectifs russes ; et 23 % ont un ou plusieurs bénéficiaires effectifs ukrainiens)<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Parmi eux, on a notamment trouvé :</p> <ul> <li>un ancien ministre des Communications de Vladimir Poutine<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonid_Reiman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonid Reiman">Leonid Reiman</a> (ancien spécialiste en téléphonie, puis ministre de l'information et des communications de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération de Russie">fédération de Russie</a> en 1999, puis conseiller du président Poutine<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>un dirigeant politique régional de haut rang<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>un expert en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crypto-monnaie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-monnaie">crypto-monnaie</a> (arrêté en Grèce en 2017, et emprisonné pour blanchiment d'argent (ici de rançons notamment) par des cryptomonnaies via la plateforme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BTC-e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BTC-e">BTC-e</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Vinnik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Vinnik">Alexander Vinnik</a>, qui possède des sociétés offshore où il a pu cacher une partie de ses bénéfices illégaux.</li> <li>un oligarque russe, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Avdeev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Avdeev">Roman Avdeev</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce dernier se serait assez enrichi à la fin des années 1980 en vendant des composants radio et des décodeurs pour téléviseurs pour après la chute de l'Union soviétique (fin de 1991) acheter la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Credit_Bank_of_Moscow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit Bank of Moscow">Credit Bank of Moscow</a> ; il possède aussi une chaîne de pharmacies et des intérêts dans les filières bois et construction, ainsi que dans l'industrie pétrolière. Le club de football Torpedo Moscow lui appartient depuis 2017. Sa fortune a été évaluée à environ 1,3 milliard de dollars début avril 2022 par Forbes, mais sa banque (Credit Bank of Moscow) est sous sanctions américaines depuis février<sup id="cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Salvador">Salvador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=53&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Salvador" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfredo_Cristiani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfredo Cristiani">Alfredo Cristiani</a>, ancien président de la République ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Flores?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Flores">Francisco Flores</a>, ancien président de la République.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Suisse_2">Suisse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=54&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Suisse" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>90 sociétés suisses sont citées dans les Pandora Papers<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>86<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et note Sylvain Besson (journaliste d'investigation et ex-rédacteur en chef adjoint du quotidien <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Temps_(quotidien_suisse)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Temps (quotidien suisse)">Le Temps</a></i>) : <span class="citation">« sur les 20 000 sociétés <i>offshore</i> d’un grossiste des Caraïbes, un tiers était géré par des conseillers, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avocat_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avocat (métier)">avocats</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiduciaire_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiduciaire (métier)">fiduciaires</a> suisses. Grâce à une lacune de la loi sur le blanchiment d’argent, ces professionnels peuvent servir sans grands risques des clients politiquement exposés ou, dans certains cas, carrément criminels »</span><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Personnalités citées :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nathalie_Yamb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nathalie Yamb">Nathalie Yamb</a>, activiste suisso-camerounaise, panafricaniste, anticolonialiste.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Dominique et Michel Amaudruz, avocats suisses, membres de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union démocratique du centre">UDC</a>, parents de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9line_Amaudruz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Céline Amaudruz">Céline Amaudruz</a>, vice-présidente de l'UDC. Ils auraient participé à un montage <i>offshore</i> dédié à l'achat de la villa de 25 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre carré">m<sup>2</sup></abbr> d’un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oligarchie_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oligarchie russe">oligarque</a> russe au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cap_d%E2%80%99Antibes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap d’Antibes">cap d’Antibes</a> sur la Côte d’Azur<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>87<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guy_Forget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guy Forget">Guy Forget</a>, ancien tennisman, résident fiscal suisse utilise Mainland Group Limited des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">îles Vierges britanniques</a> (BVI)<sup id="cite_ref-FI_20211004_63-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FI_20211004-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>Philippe Houman, avocat de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Cahuzac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérôme Cahuzac">Jérôme Cahuzac</a> en février 2018 pour son procès en appel<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>88<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, connu pour avoir transféré le compte caché de Jérôme Cahuzac à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapour">Singapour</a>, il s’est occupé de montages <i>offshore</i> pour plusieurs particuliers dont des Français<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>89<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=55&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Ukraine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a>, président de l'Ukraine.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tunisie">Tunisie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=56&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Tunisie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohsen_Marzouk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohsen Marzouk">Mohsen Marzouk</a>, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-12-16" data-sort-value="2014-12-16">16 décembre 2014</time>, sa société « Eagle One Investments Holdings Limited » est enregistré à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Road_Town?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Road Town">Road Town</a>, capitale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Vierges_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Vierges britanniques">îles Vierges britanniques</a> (BVI)<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>90<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=57&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em; column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-e4fe024db6afc52b5633462608fd7038984f3408-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wikidata-e4fe024db6afc52b5633462608fd7038984f3408_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/oct/03/pandora-papers-biggest-ever-leak-of-offshore-data-exposes-financial-secrets-of-rich-and-powerful"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Pandora papers: biggest ever leak of offshore data exposes financial secrets of rich and powerful</span></cite></a> »</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_2-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.24heures.ch/cette-transparence-au-forceps-reste-indispensable-398948432508"><cite style="font-style:normal;">«Pandora Papers» – Cette transparence au forceps reste indispensable</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">24 heures</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-AboutPPoct2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-5">f</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-6">g</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-7">h</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-8">i</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-9">j</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-10">k</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-11">l</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-12">m</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-13">n</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-14">o</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-15">p</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-16">q</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-17">r</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-18">s</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-19">t</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-20">u</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-21">v</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AboutPPoct2021_3-22">w</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/about-pandora-papers-investigation/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">About the Pandora Papers - ICIJ</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mallet-Poujol2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nathalie_Mallet-Poujol2020">Nathalie <span class="nom_auteur">Mallet-Poujol</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Secret des affaires, lanceurs d’alerte et risques d’autocensure : approche juridique</cite> », <i>Communications</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> n°106, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1, <time>2020</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 175 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0588-8018">0588-8018</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2102-5924">2102-5924</a></span>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.3917/commu.106.0175">10.3917/commu.106.0175</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cairn.info/revue-communications-2020-1-page-175.htm?ref%3Ddoi">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-10" data-sort-value="2021-10-10">10 octobre 2021</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Secret+des+affaires%2C+lanceurs+d%E2%80%99alerte+et+risques+d%E2%80%99autocensure+%3A+approche+juridique&rft.jtitle=Communications&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Mallet-Poujol&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rft.date=2020&rft.volume=n%C2%B0106&rft.pages=175&rft.issn=0588-8018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fcommu.106.0175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APandora+Papers"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Robin, A. (2016). Secret d’affaires et liberté d’expression: l’exercice d’équilibrisme de la directive. Revue Lamy Droit civil, 2016.|URL=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01562853/document">https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01562853/document</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fontanel2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_Fontanel2017">Jacques <span class="nom_auteur">Fontanel</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Société offshore, paradis fiscaux, les nouveaux refuges de l'argent sale</cite> », <i>La revue du CREDIJ</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06" data-sort-value="2017-06">juin 2017</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 25 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hal.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/hal-02016501">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-10" data-sort-value="2021-10-10">10 octobre 2021</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+offshore%2C+paradis+fiscaux%2C+les+nouveaux+refuges+de+l%27argent+sale&rft.jtitle=La+revue+du+CREDIJ&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Fontanel&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.date=2017-06&rft.pages=25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APandora+Papers"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2016">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.afri-ct.org/2016/ouvrage-jacques-fontanel-paradis-fiscaux-pays-filous-la-fuite-organisee-des-impots-vers-les-pays-complices/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Ouvrage – Jacques Fontanel, Paradis fiscaux, pays « filous ». La fuite organisée des impôts vers les pays complices</cite></a> », <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-10-29" data-sort-value="2016-10-29">29 octobre 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-10" data-sort-value="2021-10-10">10 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pandora Papers: ces intermédiaires suisses qui dissimulent des fortunes ; Les Pandora Papers mettent en lumière des intermédiaires suisses qui dissimulent des fortunes. La gauche rose-verte annonce des actions au parlement</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Genier2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yves_Genier2021">Yves Genier, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lenouvelliste.ch/articles/suisse/pandora-papers-ces-intermediaires-suisses-qui-dissimulent-des-fortunes-1116229"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Pandora papers : ces intermédiaires suisses qui dissimulent des fortunes</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Nouvelliste.ch</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Reuters"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Reuters, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-oecd-tax/governments-sharing-bank-details-uncover-11-trillion-in-offshore-assets-idUKKBN241129"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Governments sharing bank details uncover $11 trillion in offshore assets</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">reuters.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-PandoraStars5oct2021-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-5">f</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraStars5oct2021_11-6">g</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/shakira-sachin-julio-celebrities-use-offshore/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">5 ways celebrities in the Pandora Papers use the offshore system - ICIJ</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni et autrefois en France, le mot <i>Czar</i> était l'une des orthographe du mot <i>Tsar</i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ICIJrogue2021-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-5">f</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-6">g</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-7">h</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-8">i</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-9">j</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-10">k</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJrogue2021_13-11">l</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/belize-american-offshore-glenn-godfrey-law-firm/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">Rogue Americans shielded money offshore, eluding victims and criminal investigators - ICIJ</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.franceinter.fr/economie/pandora-papers-cinq-ans-apres-les-panama-papers-l-evasion-fiscale-se-porte-bien">« Pandora Papers : cinq ans après les Panama Papers, l’évasion fiscale se porte bien. »</a>, France Inter, 3 octobre 2021, Jacques Monin</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="et_Jacques_Monin"><span class="ouvrage" id="ICIJ_et_Jacques_Monin">ICIJ et Jacques Monin, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/impots/paradis-fiscaux/pandora-papers-des-milliers-de-milliards-de-dollars-toujours-a-labri-dans-des-paradis-fiscaux_4793443.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">"Pandora Papers" : des milliers de milliards de dollars toujours à l’abri dans des paradis fiscaux</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">francetvinfo.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Baruch,_Anne_Michel,_Maxime_Vaudano_et_ICIJ"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jérémie_Baruch,_Anne_Michel,_Maxime_Vaudano_et_ICIJ">Jérémie Baruch, Anne Michel, Maxime Vaudano et ICIJ, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/03/pandora-papers-plongee-mondiale-dans-les-secrets-de-la-finance-offshore_6096967_4355770.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">« Pandora Papers » : plongée mondiale dans les secrets de la finance offshore</cite></a> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:_17-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:_17-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:_17-2">c</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:_17-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="international_des_journalistes_d'investigation"><span class="ouvrage" id="Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/global-investigation-tax-havens-offshore/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Offshore havens and hidden riches of world leaders and billionaires exposed in unprecedented leak</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">icij.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://twitter.com/icijorg/status/1444703307696689156"><cite style="font-style:normal;">fil twitter</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Twitter.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/alcogal-panama-latin-america-politicians/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">When Latin America’s elite wanted to hide their wealth, they turned to this Panama firm - ICIJ</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14FirmesImpliquees-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14FirmesImpliquees_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="2021"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://projects.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/charts/who-are-the-firms-at-the-heart-of-the-pandora-papers"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Who are the firms at the heart of the Pandora Papers?</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ICIJ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ICIJ">ICIJ</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="(@ICIJorg)2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="ICIJ_(@ICIJorg)2021">ICIJ (@ICIJorg), « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://twitter.com/ICIJorg/status/1444703307696689156"><cite style="font-style:normal;">They include Alcogal, a go-to law firm of the Latin American elite has created at least 14,000 shell companies and trusts in tax havens, more than any other offshore provider in the leaked documents</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twitter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/alcogal-panama-latin-america-politicians/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">When Latin America’s elite wanted to hide their wealth, they turned to this Panama firm - ICIJ</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-LM_20211006-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LM_20211006_23-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LM_20211006_23-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/10/06/pandora-papers-l-elite-politico-financiere-libanaise-championne-de-l-evasion-fiscale_6097346_3210.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">« Pandora Papers » : l’élite politico-financière libanaise championne de l’évasion fiscale</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-06" data-sort-value="2021-10-06">6 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-06" data-sort-value="2021-10-06">6 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/03/pandora-papers-plongee-mondiale-dans-les-secrets-de-la-finance-offshore_6096967_4355770.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">« Pandora Papers » : plongée mondiale dans les secrets de la finance offshore</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le Monde</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/power-players/?player%3Dmohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">United Arab Emirates Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Ruler of Dubai</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">ICIJ</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-16" data-sort-value="2021-11-16">16 novembre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/pandora-papers-reveal-emirati-royal-families-role-in-secret-money-flows/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Pandora Papers reveal Emirati royal families’ role in secret money flows</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">ICIJ</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-16" data-sort-value="2021-11-16">16 novembre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites/041021/un-cabinet-d-avocats-panameen-implique-dans-le-scandale-financier-pandora-papers?onglet%3Dfull">Un cabinet d’avocats panaméen impliqué dans le scandale financier « Pandora Papers »</a>, Mediapart, 4 octobre 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites/031021/le-panama-redoute-la-publication-des-pandora-papers-la-nouvelle-enquete-de-l-icij">Le Panama redoute la publication des Pandora Papers, la nouvelle enquête de l’ICIJ</a>, Mediapart, 4 octobre 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/-pandora-papers--shed-more-light-on-activities-of-swiss-financial-advisors/47000108"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">‘Pandora Papers’ shed more light on activities of Swiss financial advisors</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Swiss Info</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nation.com.pk/03-Oct-2021/pm-imran-khan-announces-to-investigate-all-pakistanis-included-in-pandora-papers."><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">PM Imran Khan announces to investigate all Pakistanis involved in Pandora Papers</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">TheNation.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/cases-pertaining-to-pandora-papers-to-be-investigated-says-centre/articleshow/86757104.cms">india-business cases pertaining to pandora papers to be investigated</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_32-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_32-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.20minutes.fr/monde/3140083-20211004-pandora-papers-moscou-rejette-accusations-contre-proches-presumes-poutine"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Moscou rejette les accusations des Pandora Papers</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">20minutes.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2021/10/05/a-la-suite-des-pandora-papers-bercy-verifie-si-des-residents-fiscaux-francais-ont-fraude_6097237_3234.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">A la suite des « Pandora Papers », Bercy vérifie si des résidents fiscaux français ont fraudé</cite></a> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/10/06/pandora-papers-une-onde-de-choc-mondiale_6097338_3210.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">« Pandora Papers » : une onde de choc mondiale</cite></a> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-06" data-sort-value="2021-10-06">6 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/impots/paradis-fiscaux/pandora-papers-c-est-choquant-alors-qu-on-est-en-train-de-sortir-d-une-crise-sanitaire-enorme-pointe-oxfam-france_4794539.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">"Pandora Papers" : "C'est choquant", alors qu'"on est en train de sortir d'une crise sanitaire énorme", pointe Oxfam France</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Franceinfo</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.oxfamfrance.org/communiques-de-presse/les-paradis-fiscaux-des-pandora-papers-ne-figurent-toujours-pas-sur-la-liste-noire-europeenne/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les paradis fiscaux des Pandora Papers ne figurent toujours pas sur la liste noire européenne</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Oxfam France</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-12" data-sort-value="2021-11-12">12 novembre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ouest-france.fr/europe/ue/liste-noire-des-paradis-fiscaux-l-ue-retire-anguilla-la-dominique-et-les-seychelles-4de59770-25ed-11ec-8f5c-0c9e47d7d846">https://www.ouest-france.fr/europe/ue/liste-noire-des-paradis-fiscaux-l-ue-retire-anguilla-la-dominique-et-les-seychelles-4de59770-25ed-11ec-8f5c-0c9e47d7d846</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-PickettyOct2021Reaction-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PickettyOct2021Reaction_38-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PickettyOct2021Reaction_38-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2021/10/09/thomas-piketty-apres-les-revelations-des-pandora-papers-il-est-plus-que-temps-de-passer-a-l-action_6097704_3232.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Thomas Piketty : « Après les révélations des “Pandora Papers”, il est plus que temps de passer à l’action »</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le Monde.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-09" data-sort-value="2021-10-09">9 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-10" data-sort-value="2021-10-10">10 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MillerCenziperWhoriskey2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Greg_MillerDebbie_CenziperPeter_Whoriskey2021"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Greg Miller, Debbie Cenziper et Peter Whoriskey, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2021/pandora-papers-offshore-finance/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Billions hidden beyond reach</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">washingtonpost.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-+h3-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-+h3_40-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-+h3_40-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-+h3_40-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bladi.net/princesse-lalla-hasna-pandora-papers,86973.html">La princesse Lalla Hasna citée dans l’enquête des « Pandora Papers »</a>, bladi.net, 4 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-+h2-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-+h2_41-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-+h2_41-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/03/pandora-papers-dans-l-entourage-de-vladimir-poutine-des-fortunes-bien-dissimulees_6096963_4355770.html">« Pandora Papers » : dans l’entourage de Vladimir Poutine, des fortunes bien dissimulées</a>, <i>Le Monde</i>, 3 octobre 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.20minutes.fr/arts-stars/people/3140563-20211005-pandora-papers-shakira-elton-john-stars-connaissent-optimisation-fiscale">« Pandora Papers » : De Shakira à Elton John, les stars s’y connaissent en optimisation fiscale</a>, 20minutes, 5 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.exceptionn-elle.fr/divers/les-maldives-paradis-de-locean-indien/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les Maldives paradis de l'Océan indien</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">exceptionn-elle.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-03-02" data-sort-value="2019-03-02">2 mars 2019</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_44-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_44-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/shakira-et-claudia-shiffer-egalement-accusees-par-lenquete-pandora-papers_fr_6159f901e4b008640eb5bb88"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Shakira et Claudia Schiffer également accusées par l'enquête Pandora Papers</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le HuffPost</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-5">f</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-6">g</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PandoraPapersB2021_10_05_45-7">h</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.businessam.be/voici-les-premiers-noms-belges-a-apparaitre-dans-les-pandora-papers/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Voici les premiers noms belges à apparaître dans les Pandora Papers</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Business AM</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lavenir.net/cnt/dmf20200120_01432869/paul-lambrechts-ecarte-a-la-vrt-leo-hellemans-designe-ceo-par-interim"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Paul Lambrechts écarté à la VRT: Leo Hellemans désigné CEO par intérim</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Communes, régions, Belgique, monde, sports – Toute l'actu 24h/24 sur Lavenir.net</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-08" data-sort-value="2021-10-08">8 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ledevoir.com/monde/637602/pandora-papers-plusieurs-chefs-de-gouvernement-mis-en-cause-pour-evasion-fiscale"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Plus de 500 citoyens ou résidents canadiens répertoriés dans les «Pandora Papers»</cite></a> », <i>Le Devoir</i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/recit-numerique/2998/pandora-papers-milliardaires-celebrites-paradis-fiscaux-icij"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les secrets financiers de milliardaires, d'élus et de célébrités exposés au grand jour</cite></a> », <i>Radio-Canada</i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AFP2021"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AFP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AFP">AFP</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/evasion-fiscale/article/2021/10/08/pandora-papers-une-enquete-ouverte-contre-le-president-chilien-sebastian-pinera_6097673_4862750.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">« Pandora Papers » : une enquête ouverte contre le président chilien, Sebastian Piñera</cite></a> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-08" data-sort-value="2021-10-08">8 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-08" data-sort-value="2021-10-08">8 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/10/12/pandora-papers-le-president-chilien-menace-de-destitution_6098035_3210.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">« Pandora Papers » : le président chilien menacé de destitution</cite></a> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-12" data-sort-value="2021-10-12">12 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-12" data-sort-value="2021-10-12">12 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-+h1-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-+h1_51-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ivoirebusiness.net/articles/coup-de-tonnerrepandora-papers-patrick-achi-reste-muet-devant-les-enqueteurs-du-consortium">"Pandora papers": Patrick Achi reste muet devant les enquêteurs du consortium ICIJ</a>, ivoirebusiness.net, 4 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AFP2021"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AFP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AFP">AFP</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/evasion-fiscale/article/2021/10/11/pandora-papers-une-enquete-parlementaire-ouverte-contre-le-president-equatorien_6097856_4862750.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">« Pandora Papers » : une enquête parlementaire ouverte contre le président équatorien</cite></a> » <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accès libre" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-11" data-sort-value="2021-10-11">11 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-06" data-sort-value="2021-10-06">6 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ICIJorg-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJorg_53-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJorg_53-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/about-pandora-papers-leak-dataset/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">Pandora Papers: An offshore data tsunami - ICIJ</cite></a> » <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accès libre" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lepoint.fr/monde/pandora-papers-revelations-sur-les-millions-off-shore-de-leaders-politiques-03-10-2021-2445993_24.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Pandora Papers : révélations sur les millions off-shore de leadeurs politiques</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">lepoint.fr avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AFP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AFP">AFP</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="El_IdrissiConsortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation,_Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Abdelhak_El_IdrissiConsortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation,_Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France2021">Abdelhak El Idrissi, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule investigation de Radio France">Cellule investigation de Radio France</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.franceinter.fr/justice/dsk-du-fmi-aux-paradis-fiscaux"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Pandora Papers : DSK, du FMI aux paradis fiscaux</cite></a> » <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accès libre" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>, sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_inter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="France inter">France inter</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://francetvinfo.fr/replay-magazine/france-2/cash-investigation/cash-investigation-du-jeudi-7-octobre-2021_4774301.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">France 2:"Cash Investigation". DSK, enquête sur un homme d’influence</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">francetvinfo.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-08" data-sort-value="2021-10-08">8 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/04/pandora-papers-ces-societes-qu-aymeric-chauprade-ancien-proche-de-marine-le-pen-ne-saurait-voir_6096999_4355770.html">« Pandora Papers » : ces sociétés qu’Aymeric Chauprade, ancien proche de Marine Le Pen, ne saurait voir</a>, <i>Le Monde</i>, 3 octobre 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/05/pandora-papers-le-depute-sylvain-maillard-l-archipel-et-les-toupies_6097216_4355770.html">« Pandora Papers » : le député Sylvain Maillard, l’archipel et les toupies</a>, Le Monde, 5 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="El_Idrissi_et_Elodie_Guéguen.2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Abdelhak_El_Idrissi_et_Elodie_Guéguen.2021">Abdelhak El Idrissi et Elodie Guéguen., « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/impots/paradis-fiscaux/pandora-papers-un-ancien-depute-abrite-derriere-une-societe-aux-seychelles_4795055.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Pandora papers: un ancien deputé abrité derrière une societé aux Seychelles</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">francetvinfo.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/05/pandora-papers-aux-seychelles-deux-noms-francais-qui-intriguent_6097196_4355770.html">« Pandora Papers » : aux Seychelles, deux noms français qui intriguent</a>, Le Monde, 5 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cenozo.org/paradis-fiscaux-brasserie-bb-lome-derriere-le-houblon/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Paradis fiscaux : Brasserie BB Lomé, derrière le houblon; Cenozo</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-07" data-sort-value="2021-10-07">7 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/05/pandora-papers-les-mysterieuses-affaires-d-eric-fiorile-figure-du-complotisme-francais_6097245_4355770.html">« Pandora Papers » : les mystérieuses affaires d’Eric Fiorile, figure du complotisme français</a>, Le Monde, 5 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FI_20211004-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FI_20211004_63-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FI_20211004_63-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.franceinter.fr/info/pandora-papers-sur-les-traces-du-patron-de-roland-garros-guy-forget-aux-iles-vierges-britanniques">Pandora Papers : sur les traces du patron de Roland Garros, Guy Forget, aux Îles Vierges britanniques</a>, sur FranceInter.fr, 4 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-radio/info-medias/claire-tesson-journaliste-realisatrice-d-un-reportage-sur-les-dechets-le-meilleur-dechet-est-celui-qu-on-ne-produit-pas_4824255.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Claire Tesson, journaliste-réalisatrice d'un reportage sur les déchets : "Le meilleur déchet est celui qu'on ne produit pas"</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Franceinfo</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-11" data-sort-value="2021-11-11">11 novembre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-12-12" data-sort-value="2021-12-12">12 décembre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rezonodwes.com/2021/10/04/lex-premier-ministre-de-martelly-laurent-salvador-lamothe-cite-dans-le-scandale-des-pandora-papers/">L’ex premier ministre de Martelly, Laurent Salvador Lamothe, cité dans le scandale des Pandora Papers</a>, rezonodwes.com, 4 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2021">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/enjeux-internationaux/pandora-papers-plusieurs-chefs-de-gouvernement-mis-en-cause-pour-evasion-fiscale-1351616"><cite style="font-style:normal;">« Pandora Papers » : plusieurs chefs de gouvernement pointés du doigt pour optimisation ou évasion fiscale</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">LesEchos.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-08" data-sort-value="2021-10-08">8 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Agence_France-Presse2021"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agence_France-Presse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites/041021/le-president-kenyan-se-felicite-des-pandora-papers-sans-repondre-aux-accusations-contre-lui"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le président kényan se félicite des Pandora Papers, sans répondre aux accusations contre lui</cite></a> » <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès payant au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Accès payant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="947"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Accès payant" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediapart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mediapart">Mediapart</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-15" data-sort-value="2021-10-15">15 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FI_20211003-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FI_20211003_68-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FI_20211003_68-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MoninConsortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation,_Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_MoninConsortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation,_Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France2021">Jacques Monin, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule investigation de Radio France">Cellule investigation de Radio France</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.franceinter.fr/economie/pandora-papers-cinq-ans-apres-les-panama-papers-l-evasion-fiscale-se-porte-bien"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Pandora Papers : cinq ans après les Panama Papers, l’évasion fiscale se porte bien</cite></a> » <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accès libre" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>, sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_inter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="France inter">France inter</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/400085/pandora-papers-pourquoi-lactionnariat-sattar-hajee-abdoula-aux-iles-vierges-pose">Pandora Papers: pourquoi l’actionnariat de Sattar Hajee Abdoula aux îles Vierges pose problème.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lexpress.mu/">https://www.lexpress.mu/</a>, 5 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mousjid"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bilal_Mousjid">Bilal <span class="nom_auteur">Mousjid</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mobile.ledesk.ma/2021/10/11/lex-islamiste-youssef-benjelloun-avait-fait-des-bahamas-son-paradisfiscal/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">L’ex-islamiste Youssef Benjelloun avait fait des Bahamas son paradis…fiscal</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le Desk</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-21" data-sort-value="2021-11-21">21 novembre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-le_Desk-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-le_Desk_71-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-le_Desk_71-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sbiti"><span class="ouvrage" id="Soufiane_Sbiti">Soufiane <span class="nom_auteur">Sbiti</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mobile.ledesk.ma/grandangle/said-alj-larchitecte-omar-alaoui-et-sa-fille-lactrice-morjana-sur-le-meme-yacht/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Said Alj, l’architecte Omar Alaoui et sa fille, l’actrice Morjana, sur le même yacht</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le Desk</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-21" data-sort-value="2021-11-21">21 novembre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sbiti"><span class="ouvrage" id="Soufiane_Sbiti">Soufiane <span class="nom_auteur">Sbiti</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mobile.ledesk.ma/grandangle/moulay-abdallah-lalami-patron-de-sfm-delocalise-aux-iles-vierges-britanniques/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Moulay Abdallah Lalami, patron de SFM, « délocalisé » aux Îles Vierges Britanniques</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le Desk</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-21" data-sort-value="2021-11-21">21 novembre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sbiti"><span class="ouvrage" id="Soufiane_Sbiti">Soufiane <span class="nom_auteur">Sbiti</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mobile.ledesk.ma/grandangle/quand-faical-mekouar-patron-de-fidaroc-grant-thornton-fuitait-des-devises-au-panama/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Quand Faïçal Mekouar, patron de Fidaroc Grant Thornton, fuitait des devises au Panama</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le Desk</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-21" data-sort-value="2021-11-21">21 novembre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KabbadjSbiti"><span class="ouvrage" id="Omar_KabbadjSoufiane_Sbiti">Omar <span class="nom_auteur">Kabbadj</span> et Soufiane <span class="nom_auteur">Sbiti</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ledesk.ma/grandangle/redone-roi-du-showbiz-et-des-paradis-fiscaux/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">RedOne, roi du showbiz et des paradis fiscaux</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Le Desk</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-11-01" data-sort-value="2021-11-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> novembre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/switzerland-fidinam-wealth-management-money-laundering/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Leak reveals how Swiss wealth consultants shield global cast of suspects</cite></a> »</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/affaire-virus-quand-les-prevenus-pretendaient-blanchir-l-argent-d-epiciers-02-10-2018-7908675.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Affaire Virus : quand les prévenus prétendaient blanchir l’argent d’épiciers…</cite></a> »</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/06/pandora-papers-les-millions-envoles-des-legionnaires-du-christ_6097282_4355770.html">« Pandora Papers » : les millions envolés des Légionnaires du Christ</a>, le Monde, 6 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20211011-pandora-papers-au-niger-r%25C3%25A9v%25C3%25A9lations-sur-des-attributions-douteuses-de-permis-miniers-%25C3%25A0-des-soci%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25A9s-russes">«Pandora Papers»: au Niger, révélations sur des attributions douteuses de permis miniers à des sociétés russes</a>, RFI, 11 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.courrierinternational.com/une/revelations-pandora-papers-aux-pays-bas-les-investissements-suspects-du-ministre-des-finances">Pandora Papers aux Pays-Bas : les investissements suspects du ministre des Finances</a>, Courrier International, 4 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="El_IdrissiConsortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation,_Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Abdelhak_El_IdrissiConsortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation,_Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France2021">Abdelhak El Idrissi, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule investigation de Radio France">Cellule investigation de Radio France</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.franceinter.fr/info/pandora-papers-les-montages-offshores-du-premier-ministre-tcheque-pour-acheter-un-chateau-a-mougins"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Pandora Papers : les montages <i>offshore</i> du Premier ministre tchèque pour acheter un château à Mougins</cite></a> » <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accès libre" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>, sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_inter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="France inter">France inter</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-03" data-sort-value="2021-10-03">3 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chastand2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Baptiste_Chastand2021">Jean-Baptiste Chastand, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Le premier ministre tchèque perd les élections législatives</cite> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-09" data-sort-value="2021-10-09">9 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/10/09/le-premier-ministre-tcheque-perd-les-elections-legislatives_6097762_3210.html">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-09" data-sort-value="2021-10-09">9 octobre 2021</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+premier+ministre+tch%C3%A8que+perd+les+%C3%A9lections+l%C3%A9gislatives&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.aulast=Chastand&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rft.date=2021-10-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APandora+Papers"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/06/pandora-papers-sur-les-traces-du-pilleur-de-temples-khmers_6097283_4355770.html">« Pandora Papers » : sur les traces du pilleur de temples khmers</a>, Le Monde, 6 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">offshoreleaks.icij.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-04-21" data-sort-value="2022-04-21">21 avril 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2022"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/russia-archive/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">Russia Archive - ICIJ</cite></a> », <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-03-08" data-sort-value="2022-03-08">8 mars 2022</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-04-21" data-sort-value="2022-04-21">21 avril 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-5">f</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICIJ2022RussiaPapers_85-6">g</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2022"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/alpha-offshore-leaks-database-pandora-papers-russia/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">ICIJ reveals more than 800 Russians behind secret companies in landmark expansion of public offshore database - ICIJ</cite></a> », <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-04-11" data-sort-value="2022-04-11">11 avril 2022</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-04-21" data-sort-value="2022-04-21">21 avril 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ledauphine.com/economie/2021/10/04/90-societes-suisses-impliquees-dans-les-pandora-papers">90 sociétés suisses impliquées dans les Pandora Papers</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Dauphin%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Dauphiné">Le Dauphiné</a></i>, 4 octobre 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.24heures.ch/un-couple-davocats-udc-camouflait-la-villa-dun-oligarque-sur-la-cote-dazur-261278533114">Un couple d’avocats UDC camouflait la villa d’un oligarque sur la Côte d’Azur</a>, 24heurs.ch, 6 octobre 2021</span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/10/05/pandora-papers-la-nouvelle-vie-a-dubai-de-philippe-houman-l-avocat-suisse-de-jerome-cahuzac_6097144_4355770.html">« Pandora Papers » : la nouvelle vie à Dubaï de Philippe Houman, l’avocat suisse de Jérôme Cahuzac</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, 5 octobre 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="El_IdrissiConsortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation,_Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Abdelhak_El_IdrissiConsortium_international_des_journalistes_d'investigation,_Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France2021">Abdelhak El Idrissi, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cellule_investigation_de_Radio_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule investigation de Radio France">Cellule investigation de Radio France</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.franceinter.fr/justice/pandora-papers-derriere-l-affaire-cahuzac-philippe-houman-et-ses-autres-clients-francais"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Pandora Papers : derrière l’affaire Cahuzac, Philippe Houman et ses autres clients français</cite></a> » <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Accès libre" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>, sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_inter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="France inter">France inter</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-04" data-sort-value="2021-10-04">4 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandora_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webdo.tn/2021/10/04/pandora-papers-mohsen-marzouk-epingle-par-lenquete-internationale/%23.YV16nGczaiM">« Pandora Papers » : Mohsen Marzouk épinglé par l’enquête internationale</a>, webdo.tn, 4 octobre 2021</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=58&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pandora_Papers?uselang%3Dfr">Pandora Papers</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Scandales_mondiaux_via_paradis_fiscaux">Scandales mondiaux via paradis fiscaux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=59&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Scandales mondiaux via paradis fiscaux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Rappel des principaux scandales mondiaux d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vasion_fiscale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évasion fiscale">évasions fiscales</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blanchiment_d%E2%80%99argent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanchiment d’argent">blanchiments d'argent</a> via <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradis_fiscal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paradis fiscal">paradis fiscaux</a> :</p> <div style="column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Affaire_des_%C3%A9vad%C3%A9s_fiscaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Affaire des évadés fiscaux">Affaire des évadés fiscaux</a> (2013) dont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Affaire_Cahuzac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Affaire Cahuzac">Affaire Cahuzac</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Offshore_Leaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Offshore Leaks">Offshore Leaks</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=China_Leaks&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="China Leaks (page inexistante)">China Leaks</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourg_Leaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxembourg Leaks">Luxembourg Leaks</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Football_Leaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Football Leaks">FootballLeaks</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SwissLeaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SwissLeaks">Swiss Leaks</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahamas_Leaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahamas Leaks">Bahamas Leaks</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malta_Files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malta Files">Malta Files</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradise_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paradise Papers">Paradise Papers</a> (2017 - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_personnes_cit%C3%A9es_dans_les_Paradise_Papers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des personnes citées dans les Paradise Papers">Personnes visées</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CumEx_Files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CumEx Files">CumEx Files</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mauritius_Leaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mauritius Leaks">Mauritius Leaks</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FinCEN_Files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FinCEN Files">FinCEN Files</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OpenLux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OpenLux">OpenLux</a> (2021)</li> <li>Pandora Papers (2021)</li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=60&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div style="column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lanceur_d%27alerte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lanceur d'alerte">Lanceurs d'alertes</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuite_d%27information?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuite d'information">Fuite d'informations</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journalisme_d%27enqu%C3%AAte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journalisme d'enquête">Journalisme d'enquête</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Investigative_Collaborations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Investigative Collaborations">European Investigative Collaborations</a> (EIC-Europe)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consortium_international_des_journalistes_d%27investigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation">Consortium international des journalistes d'investigation</a> (ICIJ-USA)</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiscalit%C3%A9_des_entreprises_et_professionnels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiscalité des entreprises et professionnels">Fiscalité des entreprises et professionnels</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Affaire_politico-financi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Affaire politico-financière">Affaire politico-financière</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_de_scandales_politiques_fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste de scandales politiques français">Liste de scandales politiques français</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tracfin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_droit_de_communication" title="Tracfin">Cellule du renseignement Tracfin (France)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secret_bancaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secret bancaire">Secret bancaire</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secret_bancaire_en_Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secret bancaire en Suisse">Secret bancaire en Suisse</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_de_banques_par_pays?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste de banques par pays">Liste banques dans le monde</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronologie_des_banques_en_Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronologie des banques en Europe">Europe</a>) <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banco_Ambrosiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banco Ambrosiano">Affaire de la Banque Ambrosiano</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Affaire_Clearstream_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Affaire Clearstream 1">Affaire Clearstream 1</a> + <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Affaire_Clearstream_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Affaire Clearstream 2">Affaire Clearstream 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crise_des_subprimes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crise des subprimes">Crise financière 2007 (Subprimes ou Prêts hypothécaires risqués)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HSBC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HSBC">Affaire HSBC</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Audio">Audio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=61&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Audio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DDOOtMw6JInA"><cite style="font-style:normal;">#PandoraPapers, fraude fiscale : émission exceptionnelle d'André Bercoff avec Eric Bocquet et Eric Vernier, spécialiste de la lutte contre le blanchiment</cite></a> », sur le site de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sud_Radio_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sud Radio (France)">Sud Radio (France)</a></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="avec_Maxime_Vaudano,_les_Décodeurs_du_«_Monde_»2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Entretien_avec_Maxime_Vaudano,_les_Décodeurs_du_«_Monde_»2021">Entretien avec Maxime Vaudano, les Décodeurs du « Monde », « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/podcasts/article/2021/10/05/paradis-fiscaux-tout-comprendre-aux-pandora-papers_6097136_5463015.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Paradis fiscaux : tout comprendre aux « Pandora Papers », chronique audio</cite></a> », <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-05" data-sort-value="2021-10-05">5 octobre 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&action=edit&section=62&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/about-pandora-papers-leak-dataset/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Pandora Papers:<span class="lang-en" lang="en">An offshore data tsunami</span></cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">icij.org</span></span>.</li> </ul> <p><br></p> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Journalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du journalisme"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Circle-icons-microphone.svg/24px-Circle-icons-microphone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Circle-icons-microphone.svg/24px-Circle-icons-microphone.svg.png" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Circle-icons-news.svg/24px-Circle-icons-news.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Circle-icons-news.svg/24px-Circle-icons-news.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Circle-icons-news.svg/36px-Circle-icons-news.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Circle-icons-news.svg/48px-Circle-icons-news.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Presse_%C3%A9crite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Presse écrite">Portail de la presse écrite</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Finance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la finance"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circle-icons-money.svg/24px-Circle-icons-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circle-icons-money.svg/24px-Circle-icons-money.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circle-icons-money.svg/36px-Circle-icons-money.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 48px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="48" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/72px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/96px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Politique">Portail de la politique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.045 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPandora_Papers%26oldid%3D220395460">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandora_Papers&oldid=220395460</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora-dokumente" title="Pandora-dokumente – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pandora-dokumente" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%2582_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="وثائق باندورا – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وثائق باندورا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%258B_%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%258B" title="Паперы Пандоры – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паперы Пандоры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5_%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Документите Пандора – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Документите Пандора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="প্যান্ডোরা পেপার্স – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্যান্ডোরা পেপার্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papers_de_Pandora" title="Papers de Pandora – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Papers de Pandora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2588%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B3%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2586%25CE%25B1_%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%25A0%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B4%25CF%258E%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Έγγραφα της Πανδώρας – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έγγραφα της Πανδώρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_toimikud" title="Pandora toimikud – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pandora toimikud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF_%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="اسناد پاندورا – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسناد پاندورا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandoran_paperit" title="Pandoran paperit – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pandoran paperit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%25A1%25D7%259E%25D7%259B%25D7%2599_%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2594" title="מסמכי פנדורה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסמכי פנדורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258A%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A4%25D5%25B8%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25AD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BE" title="Պանդորայի արխիվ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանդորայի արխիվ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%25C3%25B3ruskj%25C3%25B6lin" title="Pandóruskjölin – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pandóruskjölin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2591%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2589%25E3%2583%25A9%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%259B%25B8" title="パンドラ文書 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パンドラ文書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%258C%2590%25EB%258F%2584%25EB%259D%25BC_%25ED%258E%2598%25EC%259D%25B4%25ED%258D%25BC%25EC%258A%25A4" title="판도라 페이퍼스 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="판도라 페이퍼스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8" title="Пандорини документи – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пандорини документи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25B1_%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%2587%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%25BE" title="പണ്ടോറ പേപ്പറുകൾ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പണ്ടോറ പേപ്പറുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas_Pandora" title="Kertas Pandora – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kertas Pandora" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D9%2586%25DA%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA" title="پنڈورا دستاویزات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پنڈورا دستاویزات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2_%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%258B" title="Архив Пандоры – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архив Пандоры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pandora Papers" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandorini_dokumenti" title="Pandorini dokumenti – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pandorini dokumenti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="เอกสารแพนดอรา – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอกสารแพนดอรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Belgeleri" title="Pandora Belgeleri – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pandora Belgeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Папери Пандори – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Папери Пандори" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D9%2586%25DA%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA" title="پنڈورا دستاویزات – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پنڈورا دستاویزات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_hujjatlari" title="Pandora hujjatlari – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pandora hujjatlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25E1%25BB%2593_s%25C6%25A1_Pandora" title="Hồ sơ Pandora – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồ sơ Pandora" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link 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