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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (born 1946)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with Robert L. King, a biologist who proposed the name of <i><a href="/wiki/Chaos_carolinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos carolinensis">Chaos carolinensis</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert L. King</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_L._King_official_photo_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Robert_L._King_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Robert_L._King_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Robert_L._King_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Robert_L._King_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Robert_L._King_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Robert_L._King_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Assistant Secretary of Education for Postsecondary Education</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 22, 2019 – January 20, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Asha_Cooper" title="Michelle Asha Cooper">Michelle Asha Cooper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Interim <a href="/wiki/President_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="President (education)">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Potsdam" title="State University of New York at Potsdam">State University of New York at Potsdam</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2005–2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Fallon" title="John A. Fallon">John A. Fallon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John F. Schwaller</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2000–2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Ryan" title="John W. Ryan">John W. Ryan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Ryan" title="John R. Ryan">John R. Ryan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">County Executive of <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1991–1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas R. Frey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John D. "Jack" Doyle</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a></span><br />from the 130th district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1987–1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louise_M._Slaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise M. Slaughter">Louise M. Slaughter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">David Van Varick</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-12-27</span>) </span>December 27, 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 77)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Brighton, Monroe County, New York">Brighton, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert L. King</b> (born December 27, 1946) is an American higher education leader and former Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a>. He previously served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Council_on_Postsecondary_Education" title="Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education">Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable positions include having served <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe County, New York</a> Executive and as Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a>. On July 11, 2019, He was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> as Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._King&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>King was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Brighton, Monroe County, New York">Brighton, Monroe County, New York</a> and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Brighton_High_School_(Rochester,_New_York)" title="Brighton High School (Rochester, New York)">Brighton High School</a>. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_(Connecticut)" title="Trinity College (Connecticut)">Trinity College (Connecticut)</a> and earned a Juris Doctor at the <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> School of Law.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._King&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He began his career as a Deputy District Attorney in California. He returned to Rochester where he served as an Assistant <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="District Attorney">District Attorney</a>, as well as a Special Assistant United States Attorney working for the Organized Crime Strike Force, and ran unsuccessfully for Monroe County District Attorney against Howard M. Relin in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._King&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> from 1987 to 1991, sitting in the <a href="/wiki/187th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="187th New York State Legislature">187th</a>, <a href="/wiki/188th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="188th New York State Legislature">188th</a> and <a href="/wiki/189th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="189th New York State Legislature">189th New York State Legislatures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was there that he met fellow Assemblyman <a href="/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a>, who greatly influenced his later career. In 1991, he unseated Thomas Frey to become Monroe County Executive.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, King resigned his office to join then-Governor Pataki as director of the State Office of Regulatory Reform.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He cited his proposals to reform welfare, his introduction of <a href="/wiki/Total_Quality_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Total Quality Management">Total Quality Management</a> to county offices, the development of <a href="/wiki/Frontier_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontier Field">Frontier Field</a>, education reforms, and collaboration with the city as his proudest achievements and his inability to achieve privatization of government services as his biggest disappointment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._King&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, King became Pataki's budget director. In 1999, after a nearly year-long search, Pataki advanced King as a candidate to fill the shoes of <a href="/wiki/John_W._Ryan" title="John W. Ryan">John W. Ryan</a>, the ailing Chancellor of the State University System, a move applauded by fiscal conservatives, but criticized by the SUNY rank and file.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King had little experience in higher education<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had authorized a SUNY budget freeze only two months prior.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Pataki had a longstanding desire to reduce the role of the state in the University's funding which already led to one Chancellor's departure.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SUNY's board of trustees unanimously approved him and he took office on January 1, 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his time as Chancellor, funding for the University System began to shift from state taxpayers to private hands,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which required campuses to seek revenue from tuition increases,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from outside research grants and contracts,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from outside donations.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King also sought to index tuition to inflation for the first time in the University System's history.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also the system made significant gains in enrollment, average SAT scores, research and fundraising. Total headcount enrollment grew by 40,000 students from 2000 to 2004, and the number of minority students grew 20 percent. SAT scores of incoming freshmen improved at every campus, and the average SAT score for the system was 1150 in 2004, 100 points above the national public mean score. From 2000 to 2005, SUNY research grew from $554.6 million to $918.9 million while fundraising grew $186.9 million in 2000 to $323.6 million in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2010)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After five years on the job, King sought a leave of absence, citing family issues,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the paid sabbatical raised the ire of the New York State Legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King publicly rescinded his request,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and spent the next few months negotiating an agreement to move from his position into that of Interim President of <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Potsdam" title="State University of New York at Potsdam">State University of New York at Potsdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After retiring from SUNY, he joined the Arizona Community Foundation as its President and CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of 2008, King retired from the Arizona Community Foundation to take up the position of president of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Council_on_Postsecondary_Education" title="Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education">Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education</a> in January 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King served as the Council's third president, succeeding Gordon Davies and Thomas Layzell, until November 2018. As president, King led Kentucky's efforts to implement legislation regarding college readiness (KRS 164.302<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), college transfer (KRS 164.020<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and training college board members (KRS 164.020<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). He also encouraged significant reform in teacher and principal training through the Kentucky Rising initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During King's tenure as the state's higher education leader, Kentucky's public institutions saw steady growth in degrees and credentials, as well as student readiness rates. From 2009 to 2014, degrees and credentials grew 18.8 percent and transfers from the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Community_and_Technical_College_System" title="Kentucky Community and Technical College System">Kentucky Community and Technical College System</a> to four-year colleges increased 31.4 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> College readiness rates of all high school graduates increased 31 percentage points, of 32 to 63 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Readiness of Kentucky college entrants also experienced an increase of 18 percentage points, or 52 to 70 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, King moved to limit tuition increases at Kentucky's colleges and universities. Between 2009–10 and 2016–17, resident undergraduate tuition and fees represented a 60 percent reduction in the average rate of increase compared to the previous seven years. King also led efforts to move a portion of state funding for higher education to an outcomes-based model.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King is a member of numerous boards and organizations. He has served as vice chair and chair of the Executive Committee of the State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO). Other notable board positions include the Board of Trustees of <a href="/wiki/A.T._Still_University" title="A.T. Still University">A.T. Still University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_on_Education_and_the_Economy" title="National Center on Education and the Economy">National Center on Education and the Economy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trump_administration">Trump administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._King&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trump administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 21, 2018, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald J. Trump">Donald J. Trump</a> announced his intent to <a href="/wiki/Nominate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominate">nominate</a> King to the position of Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King's nomination was formally submitted on August 27, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 11, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> confirmed his nomination by a vote of 56–37.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._King&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.responsibility.org/author/robertk/">"Robert L. King, J.D., Author at Responsibility.org"</a>. <i>Responsibility.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Responsibility.org&rft.atitle=Robert+L.+King%2C+J.D.%2C+Author+at+Responsibility.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.responsibility.org%2Fauthor%2Frobertk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-intent-nominate-appoint-designate-personnel-key-administration-posts/">"President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate, Appoint, and Designate Personnel to Key Administration Posts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=President+Donald+J.+Trump+Announces+Intent+to+Nominate%2C+Appoint%2C+and+Designate+Personnel+to+Key+Administration+Posts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrumpwhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fpresidential-actions%2Fpresident-donald-j-trump-announces-intent-nominate-appoint-designate-personnel-key-administration-posts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+King" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Slaughter</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a><br />from the 130th District </b><br />1987–1991 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Van_Varick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Van Varick (page does not exist)">David Van Varick</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Frey" title="Thomas R. Frey">Thomas R. Frey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> County Executive of <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe County</a> </b><br />1992–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">John D. "Jack" Doyle</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Ryan" title="John W. Ryan">John W. Ryan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a> </b><br />2000–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Ryan" title="John R. Ryan">John R. Ryan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Fallon" title="John A. Fallon">John A. Fallon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Potsdam" title="State University of New York at Potsdam">State University of New York at Potsdam</a> <br />Interim </b><br />2005–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_F._Schwaller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John F. Schwaller (page does not exist)">John F. Schwaller</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Presidents_and_chancellors_of_the_State_University_of_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents and chancellors of the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_C._Eurich" title="Alvin C. Eurich">Eurich</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Garside" title="Charles Garside">Garside</a> (acting, 1951–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Carlson" title="William S. Carlson">Carlson</a> (1952–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Hamilton" title="Thomas H. Hamilton">Hamilton</a> (1959–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Gould" title="Samuel B. Gould">Gould</a> (1964–1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chief Administrative Officer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Murray (acting, 1963–1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chancellors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Boyer" title="Ernest L. Boyer">Boyer</a> (1970–1977)</li> <li>Kelley (acting, 1977–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_R._Wharton_Jr." title="Clifton R. Wharton Jr.">Wharton Jr.</a> (1978–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_B._Komisar" title="Jerome B. Komisar">Komisar</a> (acting, 1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Bruce_Johnstone" title="D. Bruce Johnstone">Johnstone</a> (1988–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Burke" title="Joseph C. Burke">Burke</a> (interim, 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bartlett" title="Thomas A. Bartlett">Bartlett</a> (1994–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Ryan" title="John W. Ryan">John W. Ryan</a> (1996–1999)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Ryan" title="John R. Ryan">John R. Ryan</a> (2005–2007)</li> <li>Clark (interim, 2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_L._Zimpher" title="Nancy L. Zimpher">Zimpher</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristina_M._Johnson" title="Kristina M. Johnson">Johnson</a> (2017–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Malatras" title="Jim Malatras">Malatras</a> (2020-2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_F._Stanley" title="Deborah F. Stanley">Stanley</a> (interim, 2022-)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officer in Charge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>O'Connor (2008–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._King&oldid=1178021285">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._King&oldid=1178021285</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1946_births" title="Category:1946 births">1946 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:County_executives_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:County executives in New York (state)">County executives in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_New_York_State_Assembly" title="Category:Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly">Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_(state)_lawyers" title="Category:New York (state) lawyers">New York (state) lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Rochester,_New_York" title="Category:Politicians from Rochester, New York">Politicians from Rochester, New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_State_University_of_New_York" title="Category:Chancellors of the State University of New York">Chancellors of the State University of New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanderbilt_University_alumni" title="Category:Vanderbilt University alumni">Vanderbilt University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trinity_College_(Connecticut)_alumni" title="Category:Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni">Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trump_administration_personnel" title="Category:Trump administration personnel">Trump administration personnel</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2010" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2010">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification" title="Category:All pages needing factual verification">All pages needing factual verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_December_2010" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2010">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2010</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 October 2023, at 03:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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