CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tape drive - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d7ba94cb-acfd-4ed3-8e73-77b680435682","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tape_drive","wgTitle":"Tape drive","wgCurRevisionId":1247044427,"wgRevisionId":1247044427,"wgArticleId":31109,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2009","All articles containing potentially dated statements","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014","Tape-based computer storage","Magnetic devices","1951 in computing", "1951 in technology","Computer-related introductions in 1951"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tape_drive","wgRelevantArticleId":31109,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q751913","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg/800px-Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg/640px-Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tape drive - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_drive"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_drive"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tape_drive rootpage-Tape_drive skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tape+drive" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tape+drive" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tape+drive" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tape+drive" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Data compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_limitations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_limitations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Technical limitations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_limitations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capacity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capacity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Capacity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capacity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tape drive</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Стрымер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стрымер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Стример – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стример" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitat_de_cinta" title="Unitat de cinta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unitat de cinta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1skov%C3%A1_jednotka" title="Pásková jednotka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pásková jednotka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A5ndstation" title="Båndstation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Båndstation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandlaufwerk" title="Bandlaufwerk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bandlaufwerk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindiseade" title="Lindiseade – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lindiseade" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidad_de_cinta" title="Unidad de cinta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unidad de cinta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نوار گردان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوار گردان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enregistreur-lecteur_de_bande_magn%C3%A9tique" title="Enregistreur-lecteur de bande magnétique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enregistreur-lecteur de bande magnétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%84_%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C" title="테이프 드라이브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테이프 드라이브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_drive" title="Tape drive – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tape drive" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_a_nastro_magnetico" title="Unità a nastro magnetico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unità a nastro magnetico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apar%C3%A8y_anrejistreman_kas%C3%A8t_mayetik" title="Aparèy anrejistreman kasèt mayetik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Aparèy anrejistreman kasèt mayetik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szalagos_meghajt%C3%B3" title="Szalagos meghajtó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szalagos meghajtó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapedrive" title="Tapedrive – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tapedrive" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96" title="テープドライブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テープドライブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A5ndstasjon" title="Båndstasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Båndstasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap%C4%99d_ta%C5%9Bmowy" title="Napęd taśmowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Napęd taśmowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidade_de_fita" title="Unidade de fita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Unidade de fita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ленточный накопитель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ленточный накопитель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_drive" title="Tape drive – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tape drive" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1skov%C3%A1_jednotka" title="Pásková jednotka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pásková jednotka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauha-asema" title="Nauha-asema – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nauha-asema" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandstation" title="Bandstation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bandstation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="เครื่องแถบแม่เหล็ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องแถบแม่เหล็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Стример – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стример" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%BA" title="磁带机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="磁带机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q751913#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tape_drive" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tape_drive" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tape_drive"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tape_drive"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tape_drive" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tape_drive" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&oldid=1247044427" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tape_drive&id=1247044427&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTape_drive"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTape_drive"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tape_drive&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tape_drive" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q751913" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Data storage device</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg/300px-Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg/450px-Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg/600px-Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS</a> tape drive (bottom). Above, from left to right: DDS-4 tape (20 GB), 112m <a href="/wiki/Data8" title="Data8">Data8</a> tape (2.5 GB), <a href="/wiki/Quarter_Inch_Cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter Inch Cartridge">QIC</a> DC-6250 tape (250 MB), and a 3.5" <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> (1.44 MB).</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tape drive</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">data storage device</a> that <a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">reads and writes data</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a>. <a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">Magnetic-tape data storage</a> is typically used for offline, archival data storage. Tape media generally has a favorable unit cost and long archival stability. </p><p>A tape drive provides <a href="/wiki/Sequential_access" title="Sequential access">sequential access</a> storage, unlike a <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a>, which provides <a href="/wiki/Random_access" title="Random access">direct access</a> storage. A disk drive can move to any position on the disk in a few milliseconds, but a tape drive must physically wind tape between reels to read any one particular piece of data. As a result, tape drives have very large average <a href="/wiki/Access_time" title="Access time">access times</a>. However, tape drives can stream data very quickly off a tape when the required position has been reached. For example, as of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a> (LTO) supports continuous data transfer rates of up to 360 MB/s, a rate comparable to hard disk drives. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coloradobrandtapedrive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coloradobrandtapedrive.jpg/220px-Coloradobrandtapedrive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coloradobrandtapedrive.jpg/330px-Coloradobrandtapedrive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coloradobrandtapedrive.jpg/440px-Coloradobrandtapedrive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption>An external <a href="/wiki/Quarter_Inch_Cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter Inch Cartridge">QIC</a> tape drive</figcaption></figure> <p>Magnetic-tape drives with capacities of less than one megabyte were first used for data storage on <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe computers</a> in the 1950s. As of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, capacities of 20 terabytes or higher of uncompressed data per cartridge were available. </p><p>In early computer systems, magnetic tape served as the main storage medium because although the drives were expensive, the tapes were inexpensive. Some computer systems ran the operating system on tape drives such as <a href="/wiki/DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a>. DECtape had fixed-size indexed blocks that could be rewritten without disturbing other blocks, so DECtape could be used like a slow disk drive. </p><p>Data tape drives may use advanced data integrity techniques such as multilevel forward error correction, shingling, and <a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage#Linear" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">linear serpentine</a> layout for writing data to tape. </p><p>Tape drives can be connected to a computer with <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">SATA</a>, <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a>, <a href="/wiki/FireWire" class="mw-redirect" title="FireWire">FireWire</a>, <a href="/wiki/FICON" title="FICON">FICON</a>, or other interfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tape drives are used with autoloaders and <a href="/wiki/Tape_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tape libraries">tape libraries</a> which automatically load, unload, and store multiple tapes, increasing the volume of data that can be stored without manual intervention. </p><p>In the early days of <a href="/wiki/Home_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Home computing">home computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floppy" class="mw-redirect" title="Floppy">floppy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a> were very expensive. Many computers had an interface to store data via an audio <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape recorder</a>, typically on <a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette#Data_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Compact Cassettes</a>. Simple dedicated tape drives, such as the professional DECtape and the home <a href="/wiki/ZX_Microdrive" title="ZX Microdrive">ZX Microdrive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rotronics_Wafadrive" title="Rotronics Wafadrive">Rotronics Wafadrive</a>, were also designed for inexpensive data storage. However, the drop in disk drive prices made such alternatives obsolete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_compression">Data compression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Data compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As some data can be <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compressed</a> to a smaller size than the original files, it has become commonplace when marketing tape drives to state the capacity with the assumption of a 2:1 compression ratio; thus a tape with a capacity of 80 GB would be sold as "80/160". The true storage capacity is also known as the <a href="/wiki/Native_capacity" title="Native capacity">native capacity</a> or the raw capacity. The compression ratio actually achievable depends on the data being compressed. Some data has little redundancy; large video files, for example, already use compression and cannot be compressed further. A <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> with repetitive entries, on the other hand, may allow compression ratios better than 10:1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_limitations">Technical limitations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technical limitations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LCM_-_CDC_606_Tape_Transport_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large cabinet, about the size of an upright refrigerator, with a glass-covered top part holding two reels of magnetic tape, and a bottom part with control buttons framed by vertical channels." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/LCM_-_CDC_606_Tape_Transport_01.jpg/220px-LCM_-_CDC_606_Tape_Transport_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/LCM_-_CDC_606_Tape_Transport_01.jpg/330px-LCM_-_CDC_606_Tape_Transport_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/LCM_-_CDC_606_Tape_Transport_01.jpg/440px-LCM_-_CDC_606_Tape_Transport_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">Control Data Corporation</a> 606 tape drive, showing two long vertical vacuum columns in the lower part.</figcaption></figure> <p>A disadvantageous effect termed <b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="shoe-shining"></span><span class="vanchor-text">shoe-shining</span></span></b> occurs during read/write if the data transfer rate falls below the minimum threshold at which the tape drive heads were designed to transfer data to or from a continuously running tape. In this situation, the modern fast-running tape drive is unable to stop the tape instantly. Instead, the drive must decelerate and stop the tape, rewind it a short distance, restart it, position back to the point at which streaming stopped and then resume the operation. If the condition repeats, the resulting back-and-forth tape motion resembles that of <a href="/wiki/Shoeshiner" title="Shoeshiner">shining shoes with a cloth</a>. Shoe-shining decreases the attainable data transfer rate, drive and tape life, and tape capacity. </p><p>In early tape drives, non-continuous data transfer was normal and unavoidable. Computer processing power and available memory were usually insufficient to provide a constant stream, so tape drives were typically designed for <i>start-stop</i> operation. Early drives used very large spools, which necessarily had high inertia and did not start and stop moving easily. To provide high start, stop and seek performance, several feet of loose tape was played out and pulled by a suction fan down into two deep open channels on either side of the <a href="/wiki/Tape_transport" title="Tape transport">tape head and capstans</a>. The long thin loops of tape hanging in these <i><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_column_(tape_drive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum column (tape drive)">vacuum columns</a></i> had far less inertia than the two reels and could be rapidly started, stopped and repositioned. The large reels would move as required to keep the slack tape in the vacuum columns. </p><p>Later, most tape drives of the 1980s introduced the use of an <a href="/wiki/Buffer_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffer (computer science)">internal data buffer</a> to somewhat reduce start-stop situations.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These drives are often referred to as <i>tape streamers</i>. The tape was stopped only when <a href="/wiki/Buffer_underrun" title="Buffer underrun">the buffer contained no data to be written</a>, or when it was full of data during reading. As faster tape drives became available, despite being buffered, the drives started to suffer from the shoe-shining sequence of stop, rewind, start. </p><p>Some newer drives have several speeds and implement algorithms that dynamically match the tape speed level to the computer's data rate. Example speed levels could be 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of full speed. A computer that streams data slower than the lowest speed level (e.g., at 49 percent) will still cause shoe-shining. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_magnetic_tape_cartridges_and_cassettes" title="List of magnetic tape cartridges and cassettes">List of magnetic tape cartridges and cassettes</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a> is commonly housed in a casing known as a cassette or <a href="/wiki/Data_cartridge_(tape)" class="mw-redirect" title="Data cartridge (tape)">cartridge</a>—for example, the <a href="/wiki/4-track_cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="4-track cartridge">4-track cartridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette_(data)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette (data)">Compact Cassette</a>. The cassette contains magnetic tape to provide different audio content using the same player. The outer shell, made of plastic, sometimes with metal plates and parts, permits ease of handling of the fragile tape, making it far more convenient and robust than having spools of exposed tape. Simple analog cassette audio tape recorders were commonly used for data storage and distribution on <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computers</a> at a time when <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drives were very expensive. The <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Datasette" title="Commodore Datasette">Commodore Datasette</a> was a dedicated data version using the same media. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage#Chronological_list_of_tape_formats" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">Magnetic-tape data storage § Chronological list of tape formats</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:5%;">Year </th> <th style="width:15%;">Manufacturer </th> <th style="width:10%;">Model </th> <th style="width:9%;">Capacity </th> <th style="width:70%;">Advancements </th></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Remington_Rand" title="Remington Rand">Remington Rand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNISERVO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNISERVO">UNISERVO</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">224 KB</span> </td> <td>First computer tape drive, used <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>" <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>-plated <a href="/wiki/Phosphor_bronze" title="Phosphor bronze">phosphor bronze</a> tape </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_726" title="IBM 726">726</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Use of plastic tape (<a href="/wiki/Cellulose_acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">cellulose acetate</a>);<br /><a href="/wiki/7-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="7-track tape">7-track tape</a> that could store every 6-bit byte plus a parity bit </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_729" title="IBM 729">729</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Separate read/write heads providing transparent read-after-write verification.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td> <td>2400 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9-track_tape" title="9-track tape">9-track tape</a> that could store every 8-bit byte plus a parity bit </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td> <td>3400 </td> <td> </td> <td>Auto-loading tape reels and drives, avoiding manual tape threading<br /><a href="/wiki/Group_coded_recording" title="Group coded recording">Group coded recording</a> for error recovery </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quarter_Inch_Cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter Inch Cartridge">Quarter Inch Cartridge</a> (QIC-11) </td> <td><span class="nowrap">20 MB</span> </td> <td>Tape cassette (with two reels)<br /><a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage#Linear" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">Linear serpentine</a> recording<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_3850" title="IBM 3850">3850</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Tape cartridge (with single reel)<br />First tape library with robotic access<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td>(various) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_standard" title="Kansas City standard">Kansas City standard</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Use of <a href="/wiki/Standard_audio_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard audio cassette">standard audio cassettes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore International</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Datasette" title="Commodore Datasette">Commodore Datasette</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">1978 KB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cipher_Data_Products" title="Cipher Data Products">Cipher</a> </td> <td>(F880?) </td> <td> </td> <td>RAM buffer to mask start-stop delays<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3480" class="mw-redirect" title="3480">3480</a> </td> <td>200 MB </td> <td>Internal takeup reel with automatic tape takeup mechanism.<br />Thin-film <a href="/wiki/Giant_magnetoresistance" title="Giant magnetoresistance">magnetoresistive</a> (MR) head<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">TK50</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">94 MB</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Digital Linear Tape</a> (DLT) line of products<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3480" class="mw-redirect" title="3480">3480</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">400 MB</span> </td> <td>Hardware data compression (IDRC algorithm<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Exabyte_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exabyte (company)">Exabyte</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Data8" title="Data8">EXB-8200</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">2.4 GB</span> </td> <td>First helical digital tape drive <p>Elimination of the capstan and pinch-roller system </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td>DEC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Tx87</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Tape directory (database with first tapemark nr on each serpentine pass)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_Magstar_MP_3570" title="IBM Magstar MP 3570">3570</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Servo tracks - factory-recorded tracks for precise head positioning (Time Based Servoing or TBS)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Tape on unload rewound to the midpoint—halving access time (requires two-reel cassette)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DDS3" class="mw-redirect" title="DDS3">DDS3</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">12 GB</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Partial-response_maximum-likelihood" title="Partial-response maximum-likelihood">Partial-response maximum-likelihood</a> (PRML) reading method—no fixed thresholds<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_VTS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM VTS (page does not exist)">VTS</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Virtual tape—disk cache that emulates tape drive<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>Exabyte </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Data8" title="Data8">Mammoth-2</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">60 GB</span> </td> <td>Small cloth-covered wheel for cleaning tape heads. Inactive burnishing heads to prep the tape and deflect any debris or excess lubricant. Section of cleaning material at the beginning of each data tape. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Corporation" title="Quantum Corporation">Quantum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Super_DLT" class="mw-redirect" title="Super DLT">Super DLT</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">110 GB</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Servoing" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Servoing">Optical servo</a> precisely positioning the heads<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-1" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-1">LTO-1</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">100 GB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3592" class="mw-redirect" title="3592">3592</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">300 GB</span> </td> <td>Virtual backhitch </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>Linear Tape-Open </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-2" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-2">LTO-2</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">200 GB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>Sony </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">SAIT-1</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">500 GB</span> </td> <td>Single-reel cartridge for helical recording </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TS1120" class="mw-redirect" title="TS1120">TS1120</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">700 GB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>Linear Tape-Open </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-3" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-3">LTO-3</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">400 GB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/StorageTek" title="StorageTek">StorageTek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T10000</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">500 GB</span> </td> <td>Multiple head assemblies and servos per drive<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>Linear Tape-Open </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-4" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-4">LTO-4</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">800 GB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TS1130" class="mw-redirect" title="TS1130">TS1130</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">1 TB</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a> capability integrated into the drive </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>StorageTek </td> <td><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T10000B</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">1 TB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>Linear Tape-Open </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-5" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-5">LTO-5</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"> 1.5 TB</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape_File_System" title="Linear Tape File System">Linear Tape File System</a> (LTFS), which allows accessing files on tape in the file system directly (similar to disk filesystems) without an additional tape library database </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_TS1130" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM TS1130">TS1140</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">4 TB</span> </td> <td>Linear Tape File System (LTFS) supported </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>StorageTek </td> <td><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T10000C</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">5 TB</span> </td> <td>Linear Tape File System (LTFS) supported </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>Linear Tape-Open </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-6" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-6">LTO-6</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">2.5 TB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>StorageTek </td> <td><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T10000D</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">8.5 TB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_3592" title="IBM 3592">TS1150</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">10 TB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>Linear Tape-Open </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-7" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-7">LTO-7</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">6 TB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_3592" title="IBM 3592">TS1155</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">15 TB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>Linear Tape-Open </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-8" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-8">LTO-8</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">12 TB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_3592" title="IBM 3592">TS1160</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">20 TB</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>Linear Tape-Open </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LTO-9" class="mw-redirect" title="LTO-9">LTO-9</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">18 TB</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_3592" title="IBM 3592">TS1170</a> </td> <td>50 TB </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capacity">Capacity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Capacity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manufacturers often specify the capacity of tapes using data compression techniques; compressibility varies for different data (commonly 2:1 to 8:1), and the specified capacity may not be attained for some types of real data. As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, tape drives capable of higher capacity were still being developed. </p><p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> announced that they had been able to record 29.5 billion bits per square inch with magnetic-tape media developed using <a href="/wiki/Barium_Ferrite" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium Ferrite">Barium Ferrite</a> (BaFe) particles and nanotechnologies, allowing drives with true (uncompressed) tape capacity of 35 TB.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technology was not expected to be commercially available for at least a decade. </p><p>In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> announced that they had been able to record 148 billion bits per square inch with magnetic tape media developed using a new vacuum thin-film forming technology able to form extremely fine crystal particles, allowing true tape capacity of 185 TB.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Finags_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finags-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 15, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> announced a Strontium Ferrite (SrFe) technology able, in theory, to store 580 TB per tape cartridge.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historical interfaces include also <a href="/wiki/ESCON" title="ESCON">ESCON</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parallel_port" title="Parallel port">parallel port</a>, <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Drive_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Drive Electronics">IDE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertec" title="Pertec">Pertec</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some modern designs are still developed to operate in a non-linear fashion. IBM's 3xxx formats are designed to keep the tape moving irrespective of the data buffer—segments are written when data is available, but gaps are written when buffers run empty. When the drive detects an idle period, it re-reads the fragmented segments into a buffer and writes them back over the fragmented sections—a 'virtual backhitch'.<sup id="cite_ref-ibm3xxxref1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibm3xxxref1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of January 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a> in Mountain View, California has working IBM 729 tape drives attached to its working <a href="/wiki/IBM_1401" title="IBM 1401">IBM 1401</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ibm3xxxref1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibm3xxxref1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMellor2005" class="citation web cs1">Mellor, Chris (2005-03-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120605022216/http://news.techworld.com/storage/3238/mainframe-tape-lock-in-ended/">"Mainframe tape lock-in ended"</a>. <i>TechWorld</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.techworld.com/storage/3238/mainframe-tape-lock-in-ended/">the original</a> on 2012-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechWorld&rft.atitle=Mainframe+tape+lock-in+ended&rft.date=2005-03-02&rft.aulast=Mellor&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.techworld.com%2Fstorage%2F3238%2Fmainframe-tape-lock-in-ended%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514135634/http://www.ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html">"1401Restoration-CHM"</a>. 2011-05-14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html">the original</a> on May 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1401Restoration-CHM&rft.date=2011-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed-thelen.org%2F1401Project%2F1401RestorationPage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisPhillipsWellsWinger1981" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, J. P.; Phillips, W. B.; Wells, J. F.; Winger, W. D. (September 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060909111506/http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/255/ibmrd2505ZD.pdf">"Innovations in the Design of Magnetic Tape Subsystems"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IBM J. Res. Dev</i>. <b>25</b> (5): 691–700. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1147%2Frd.255.0691">10.1147/rd.255.0691</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/255/ibmrd2505ZD.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 9, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IBM+J.+Res.+Dev.&rft.atitle=Innovations+in+the+Design+of+Magnetic+Tape+Subsystems&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=691-700&rft.date=1981-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1147%2Frd.255.0691&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+W.+B.&rft.au=Wells%2C+J.+F.&rft.au=Winger%2C+W.+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.research.ibm.com%2Fjournal%2Frd%2F255%2Fibmrd2505ZD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrandall1990" class="citation web cs1">Crandall, Daryl (April 30, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310231435/http://www.sunmanagers.org/archives/1990/0087.html">"Another summary of 1/4" tape systems"</a>. Sun Managers Mailing List. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunmanagers.org/archives/1990/0087.html">the original</a> on March 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Another+summary+of+1%2F4%22+tape+systems&rft.pub=Sun+Managers+Mailing+List&rft.date=1990-04-30&rft.aulast=Crandall&rft.aufirst=Daryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunmanagers.org%2Farchives%2F1990%2F0087.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBM-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050124032735/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_fifty.html">"IBM Archives: Fifty years of storage innovation"</a>. 03.ibm.com. 23 January 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_fifty.html">the original</a> on January 24, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Archives%3A+Fifty+years+of+storage+innovation&rft.pub=03.ibm.com&rft.date=2003-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-03.ibm.com%2Fibm%2Fhistory%2Fexhibits%2Fstorage%2Fstorage_fifty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4500965.html">"Capstanless magnetic tape drive with electronic equivalent to length of tape - Cipher Data Products, Inc"</a>. Freepatentsonline.com. 1985-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capstanless+magnetic+tape+drive+with+electronic+equivalent+to+length+of+tape+-+Cipher+Data+Products%2C+Inc&rft.pub=Freepatentsonline.com&rft.date=1985-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freepatentsonline.com%2F4500965.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070922073314/http://www.aceware.iinet.net.au/acms/Images/BooksHiRes/000732.jpg">"Operation and Maintenance Instructions for Model F880 Tape Transport"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aceware.iinet.net.au/acms/Images/BooksHiRes/000732.jpg">the original</a> on September 22, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+and+Maintenance+Instructions+for+Model+F880+Tape+Transport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aceware.iinet.net.au%2Facms%2FImages%2FBooksHiRes%2F000732.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050415081621/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_3480.html">"IBM 3480 magnetic tape subsystem"</a>. 03.ibm.com. 23 January 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_3480.html">the original</a> on April 15, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+3480+magnetic+tape+subsystem&rft.pub=03.ibm.com&rft.date=2003-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-03.ibm.com%2Fibm%2Fhistory%2Fexhibits%2Fstorage%2Fstorage_3480.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sup.xenya.si/sup/info/digital/MDS/jun99/Cd2/DECSTA/422AAMG1.PDF">"DECsystem 5100 Maintenance Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. August 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DECsystem+5100+Maintenance+Guide&rft.date=1990-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsup.xenya.si%2Fsup%2Finfo%2Fdigital%2FMDS%2Fjun99%2FCd2%2FDECSTA%2F422AAMG1.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aldownloading.com/tape-migrating/3480-3490-backup-migrate/3480-3490-migration.htm">"3480 & 3490 tape backup migration"</a>. advanced downloading ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3480+%26+3490+tape+backup+migration&rft.pub=advanced+downloading+ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldownloading.com%2Ftape-migrating%2F3480-3490-backup-migrate%2F3480-3490-migration.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717151910/http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~rdv/comp-arch-storage/FAQ-1.5.html">"Tape"</a>. Alumnus.caltech.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~rdv/comp-arch-storage/FAQ-1.5.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tape&rft.pub=Alumnus.caltech.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumnus.caltech.edu%2F~rdv%2Fcomp-arch-storage%2FFAQ-1.5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216174000/http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/474/biskeborn.html">"Hard-disk-drive technology flat heads for linear tape recording"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/474/biskeborn.html">the original</a> on February 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hard-disk-drive+technology+flat+heads+for+linear+tape+recording&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.research.ibm.com%2Fjournal%2Frd%2F474%2Fbiskeborn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017005349/http://maben.homeip.net:8217/static/computers/backup/tsm/links/TSM%20quickfacts.txt">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maben.homeip.net:8217/static/computers/backup/tsm/links/TSM%20quickfacts.txt">the original</a> on 2007-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaben.homeip.net%3A8217%2Fstatic%2Fcomputers%2Fbackup%2Ftsm%2Flinks%2FTSM%2520quickfacts.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6970522.html">"Data retrieval - Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P"</a>. Freepatentsonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+retrieval+-+Hewlett-Packard+Development+Company%2C+L.P&rft.pub=Freepatentsonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freepatentsonline.com%2F6970522.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710040635/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BRZ/is_12_19/ai_58926467/pg_2">"Tape Wars: Is The End Near? - tape drives - Industry Trend or Event - page 2 | Computer Technology Review"</a>. Findarticles.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BRZ/is_12_19/ai_58926467/pg_2">the original</a> on 2012-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tape+Wars%3A+Is+The+End+Near%3F+-+tape+drives+-+Industry+Trend+or+Event+-+page+2+%26%23124%3B+Computer+Technology+Review&rft.pub=Findarticles.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m0BRZ%2Fis_12_19%2Fai_58926467%2Fpg_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thic.org/pdf/July06/sun.rraymond060718.pdf">"STK Tape Drive Products and Technology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STK+Tape+Drive+Products+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thic.org%2Fpdf%2FJuly06%2Fsun.rraymond060718.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fujifilmusa.com/press/news/display_news?newsID=879807">"FujiFilm Barium-Ferrite Magnetic Tape Establishes World Record in Data Density: 29.5 Billion Bits per Square Inch"</a>. Fujifilm. January 22, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FujiFilm+Barium-Ferrite+Magnetic+Tape+Establishes+World+Record+in+Data+Density%3A+29.5+Billion+Bits+per+Square+Inch&rft.pub=Fujifilm&rft.date=2010-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fujifilmusa.com%2Fpress%2Fnews%2Fdisplay_news%3FnewsID%3D879807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harris_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2010" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Robin (January 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130105124237/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/storage/a-70-tb-tape-cartridge-too-much-too-late/769">"A 70 TB tape cartridge: too much, too late?"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/blog/storage/a-70-tb-tape-cartridge-too-much-too-late/769">the original</a> on January 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=A+70+TB+tape+cartridge%3A+too+much%2C+too+late%3F&rft.date=2010-01-24&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fstorage%2Fa-70-tb-tape-cartridge-too-much-too-late%2F769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201404/14-044E/index.html">"Sony develops magnetic tape technology with the world's highest*1 areal recording density of 148 Gb/in2"</a>. Sony Global<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sony+develops+magnetic+tape+technology+with+the+world%27s+highest%2A1+areal+recording+density+of+148+Gb%2Fin2&rft.pub=Sony+Global&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sony.net%2FSonyInfo%2FNews%2FPress%2F201404%2F14-044E%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finags-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finags_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFingas2014" class="citation news cs1">Fingas, Jon (May 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2014/04/30/sony-185tb-data-tape/">"Sony's 185TB data tape puts your hard drive to shame"</a>. Engadget<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sony%27s+185TB+data+tape+puts+your+hard+drive+to+shame&rft.date=2014-05-04&rft.aulast=Fingas&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2014%2F04%2F30%2Fsony-185tb-data-tape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Lantz" class="citation web cs1">Mark Lantz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2020/12/tape-density-record/">"Hybrid clouds will rely on magnetic tape for decades to come"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Hybrid+clouds+will+rely+on+magnetic+tape+for+decades+to+come&rft.au=Mark+Lantz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fblogs%2Fresearch%2F2020%2F12%2Ftape-density-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATape+drive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Magnetic-tape_data_storage_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Template:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Template talk:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Magnetic-tape_data_storage_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">Magnetic-tape data storage</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wide (19–25.4 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_7340" title="IBM 7340">IBM 7340</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LINC#LINCTape" title="LINC">LINCtape</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape_data_storage#IBM_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic tape data storage">CDC 626</a> (1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Half inch (12.7 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNISERVO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNISERVO">UNISERVO</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_7-track" title="IBM 7-track">IBM 7-track</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TX-2_Tape_System" title="TX-2 Tape System">TX-2 Tape System</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-track_tape" title="9-track tape">9-track</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3480_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 3480 Family">IBM 3480</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">DLT</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3590" title="IBM 3590">IBM 3590</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T9840</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T9940</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">LTO Ultrium</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3592" title="IBM 3592">IBM 3592</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T10000</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight millimeter (8 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travan" title="Travan">Travan</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Magstar_MP_3570" title="IBM Magstar MP 3570">IBM 3570 MP</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Digital_Recording" title="Advanced Digital Recording">ADR</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quarter inch (6.35 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quarter-inch_cartridge" title="Quarter-inch cartridge">QIC</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Linear_Recording" title="Scalable Linear Recording">SLR</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditto_(drive)" title="Ditto (drive)">Ditto</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Eighth" (0.15) inch (3.81 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D/CAS" title="D/CAS">D/CAS</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_standard" title="Kansas City standard">KC standard, Compact Cassette</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC100" title="DC100">DC100</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Cassette_Interface" title="Tarbell Cassette Interface">Tarbell Cassette Interface</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Datasette" title="Commodore Datasette">Commodore Datasette</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECtape#DECtape_II" title="DECtape">DECtape II</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_cassette_tape" title="IBM cassette tape">IBM PC Cassette</a> (1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stringy (1.58–1.9 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exatron_Stringy_Floppy" title="Exatron Stringy Floppy">Exatron Stringy Floppy</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Microdrive" title="ZX Microdrive">ZX Microdrive</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QL_Microdrive" class="mw-redirect" title="QL Microdrive">QL Microdrive</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotronics_Wafadrive" title="Rotronics Wafadrive">Rotronics Wafadrive</a> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three quarter inch (19 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sony <a href="/wiki/Digital_Instrumentation_Recorder" title="Digital Instrumentation Recorder">DIR</a> (19xx)</li> <li>Ampex <a href="/wiki/Data_Storage_Technology" title="Data Storage Technology">DST</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Half inch (12.7 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArVid" title="ArVid">ArVid</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">Redwood SD-3</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Tape_Format" title="Digital Tape Format">DTF</a> (19xx)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">SAIT</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight millimeter (8 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data8" title="Data8">Data8</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data8#Mammoth" title="Data8">Mammoth</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">AIT</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXA" title="VXA">VXA</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four millimeter (3.81 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS/DAT</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&oldid=1247044427">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&oldid=1247044427</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tape-based_computer_storage" title="Category:Tape-based computer storage">Tape-based computer storage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Magnetic_devices" title="Category:Magnetic devices">Magnetic devices</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1951_in_computing" title="Category:1951 in computing">1951 in computing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1951_in_technology" title="Category:1951 in technology">1951 in technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer-related_introductions_in_1951" title="Category:Computer-related introductions in 1951">Computer-related introductions in 1951</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_January_2009" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2009">Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2017" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2018" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2014" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 September 2024, at 15:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_drive&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6qrh4","wgBackendResponseTime":132,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.498","walltime":"0.639","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2615,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":68649,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3650,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":85639,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 550.018 1 -total"," 40.00% 220.001 2 Template:Reflist"," 30.39% 167.154 18 Template:Cite_web"," 19.12% 105.138 1 Template:Magnetic_tape_data_formats"," 19.01% 104.546 3 Template:Navbox"," 16.89% 92.872 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.07% 60.860 2 Template:Pagetype"," 8.02% 44.098 4 Template:As_of"," 5.84% 32.124 4 Template:DMCA"," 4.19% 23.064 2 Template:See_also"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.293","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5266758,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-kmnzc","timestamp":"20241122144129","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tape drive","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tape_drive","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q751913","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q751913","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-09T16:46:12Z","dateModified":"2024-09-22T15:01:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/39\/Dds_tape_drive_01.jpg","headline":"data storage device that reads and writes data on a magnetic tape"}</script> </body> </html>