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<li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th-18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>17th-18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_Century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_Century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>19th Century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_Century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_Century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_Century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>20th Century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_Century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_Century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_Century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>21st Century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_Century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches_and_monasteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches_and_monasteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Churches and monasteries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches_and_monasteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_sources_of_knowledge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_sources_of_knowledge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religion and sources of knowledge</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion_and_sources_of_knowledge-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion and sources of knowledge subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_sources_of_knowledge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_inhabitants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_inhabitants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable inhabitants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_inhabitants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%B2%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B5" title="አዲግራት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አዲግራት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آديغرات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آديغرات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ادیقرات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ادیقرات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80d%C4%ABgrat" title="Ādīgrat – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ādīgrat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84" title="Αντιγκράτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντιγκράτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ادیگرات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادیگرات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آديجرات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آديجرات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Адди-Грат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адди-Грат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adigrat" title="Adigrat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adigrat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="阿迪格拉特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿迪格拉特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q357101#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adigrat" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Adigrat" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Adigrat&params=14_16_N_39_27_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">39°27′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.267°N 39.450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.267; 39.450</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Tigray Region, Ethiopia</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Tigray, Ethiopia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Adigrat</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">ዓዲግራት</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adigrat_Montage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise from top: Adigrat panoramic view, Cathedral of the Holy Savior, Debre Damo Monastery, typical street, downtown."><img alt="Clockwise from top: Adigrat panoramic view, Cathedral of the Holy Savior, Debre Damo Monastery, typical street, downtown." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adigrat_Montage.png/250px-Adigrat_Montage.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adigrat_Montage.png/375px-Adigrat_Montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adigrat_Montage.png/500px-Adigrat_Montage.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="737" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top: Adigrat panoramic view, Cathedral of the Holy Savior, Debre Damo Monastery, typical street, downtown.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adigrat is located in Ethiopia"><img alt="Adigrat is located in Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1494" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.331%;left:43.269%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Adigrat"><img alt="Adigrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Adigrat</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Ethiopia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Ethiopia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Horn_of_Africa_adm_location_map_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adigrat is located in Horn of Africa"><img alt="Adigrat is located in Horn of Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Horn_of_Africa_adm_location_map_%281%29.svg/250px-Horn_of_Africa_adm_location_map_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Horn_of_Africa_adm_location_map_%281%29.svg/375px-Horn_of_Africa_adm_location_map_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Horn_of_Africa_adm_location_map_%281%29.svg/500px-Horn_of_Africa_adm_location_map_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="1132" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.013%;left:32.391%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Adigrat"><img alt="Adigrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Adigrat</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the Horn of Africa</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Horn of Africa</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adigrat is located in Africa"><img alt="Adigrat is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/250px-Africa_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/375px-Africa_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/500px-Africa_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.052%;left:78.252%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Adigrat"><img alt="Adigrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Adigrat</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Africa</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Adigrat&params=14_16_N_39_27_E_region:ET_type:city(57588)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">39°27′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.267°N 39.450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.267; 39.450</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries of the world">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ethiopia" title="Regions of Ethiopia">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_of_Ethiopia" title="List of zones of Ethiopia">Zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mibraqawi_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Mibraqawi Zone">Misraqawi (Eastern)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Woreda" class="mw-redirect" title="Woreda">Woreda</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Adigrat</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">18.77 km<sup>2</sup> (7.25 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,457 m (8,061 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2007)<sup id="cite_ref-CSA_2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSA_2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">57,588</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">116,193</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,703/km<sup>2</sup> (9,590/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Time" title="East Africa Time">EAT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Post Code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">20<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+251) 34</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adigratcity.org.et/">www<wbr />.adigratcity<wbr />.org<wbr />.et</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Adigrat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a>: <span lang="ti">ዓዲግራት</span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/dc\/Adigrat.ogg\/Adigrat.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Adigrat.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Adigrat.ogg/Adigrat.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Adigrat.ogg" title="File:Adigrat.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <i>ʿaddigrat</i>, also called ʿAddi Grat) is a city and separate <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ethiopia" title="Districts of Ethiopia">woreda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Misraqawi_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Misraqawi Zone">Misraqawi Zone</a> at longitude and latitude <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Adigrat&params=14_16_N_39_27_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">39°27′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.267°N 39.450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.267; 39.450</span></span></span></a></span></span>, with an elevation of 2,457 metres (8,061 ft) above sea level and below a high ridge to the west. Adigrat is a strategically important gateway to Eritrea and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>. Adigrat was part of <a href="/wiki/Ganta_Afeshum" title="Ganta Afeshum">Ganta Afeshum</a> woreda before a separate woreda was created for the city. Currently, Adigrat serves as the capital of the Eastern Tigray zone. </p><p>Adigrat is one of the most important cities of Tigray, which evolved from earlier political centers and camps of regional governors. Antalo, Aläqot and Adigrat were a few of them. The decline of Antalo was followed by the rise of Adigrat as another prominent, yet short-lived, capital of Tigray.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used to serve as the capital of <a href="/wiki/Agame" title="Agame">Agame</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tradition attributes the origin of the name Adigrat, which means "the country of farmland", to the then popular Tigrayan chief <a href="/wiki/Akhadom" title="Akhadom">Akhadom</a>. Adigrat seems to have been under cultivation for a long time. It has a settlement history dating back at least to the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adigrat appears on indigenous maps of the northern <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> in the 15th Century under the name <a href="/wiki/Agame" title="Agame">Agame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th-18th_century">17th-18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 17th-18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adigrat became the center of the Tigrayan chief, <i>dejazmach</i> Kafle Wahid, the viceroy of atse <a href="/wiki/Fasilides" title="Fasilides">Fasilides</a> during the first half of the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_Century">19th Century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th Century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adigrat emerged as the political capital of Tigray when <i>dejazmach</i> <a href="/wiki/Sabagadis_Woldu" title="Sabagadis Woldu">Sabagadis Woldu</a> of Agame assumed the governorship of the region in the period 1822-30. Sabagadis set up some palaces, churches, and markets. This increasingly attracted both natives and foreigners to establish permanent residences and a few shops in the town. Adigrat was an important market center for salt, which was mined in the Afar districts of Areho and Berale in eastern Tigray. However, it declined after the death of its patron, Sabagadis, in 1830. It was repeatedly attacked, sacked, and plundered by the lowlanders and political rivals of Sabagadis.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gobat" title="Samuel Gobat">Samuel Gobat</a> had joined countless Ethiopians in fleeing there for safety in the days immediately after Sabagadis' death.<sup id="cite_ref-NAI-website_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAI-website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the missionary <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Krapf" title="Johann Ludwig Krapf">Johann Ludwig Krapf</a> passed through Adigrat in April 1842, "almost the whole is in ruins", and observed that a nearby village, Kersaber, was "much larger than Adigrat."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1860s the town had a rural appearance and much of it is still under cultivation today. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_Italian-Abyssinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Italian-Abyssinian War">First Italian-Abyssinian War</a>, the Italians occupied Adigrat on 25 March 1895 and used it as a base to support their advance south to <a href="/wiki/Mek%27ele" class="mw-redirect" title="Mek'ele">Mek'ele</a>. General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Baldissera" title="Antonio Baldissera">Antonio Baldissera</a> refortified the settlement after the Italian defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Adowa">Battle of Adowa</a>, but Emperor <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Menelik II of Ethiopia">Menelik II</a> insisted on its surrender at the beginning of the peace talks that concluded the war; Baldissera was ordered to evacuate Adigrat, which he did 18 May 1896. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_B._Wylde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus B. Wylde (page does not exist)">Augustus B. Wylde</a> a few years later described Adigrat as having a Saturday market of medium size.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_Century">20th Century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th Century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lazarists introduced perhaps the first modern school of northern Ethiopia in Adigrat at the turn of the 20th century. However, like most Ethiopian towns, Adigrat increased its commercial and administrative importance during the period of the Italian occupation. The Italians introduced the first elements of modern infrastructure, including stronger fortresses, restaurants, residential houses, a health center, schools, roads, piped water, an electric generator, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Italians again occupied Adigrat at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italian-Abyssinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Italian-Abyssinian War">Second Italian-Abyssinian War</a> 7 October 1935. The Italians were met there on the 11th by Ras <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie_Gugsa" title="Haile Selassie Gugsa">Haile Selassie Gugsa</a>, who had been courted by the Italians to ignite a widespread defection of the Tigrayan aristocracy; instead, he had been soundly defeated a few days before by <a href="/wiki/Dejazmach" class="mw-redirect" title="Dejazmach">Dejazmach</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haile_Kebbede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haile Kebbede (page does not exist)">Haile Kebbede</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wag_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wag (district)">Wag</a>, and presented himself to the invaders with only 1200 followers. Anthony Mockler notes that despite the fact the young Ras shook Ethiopian morale, "this was the first and last open defection to the Italians of an important noble and his men."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, there were shops and hotel-restaurants (“Bologna”, “Piemontese”, “Centrale”). There was also a post, telephone and telegraph office, a health post and a Catholic Apostolic Prefecture.<sup id="cite_ref-guida_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guida-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adigrat was captured by rebels in the <a href="/wiki/Woyane" class="mw-redirect" title="Woyane">Woyane rebellion</a> 25 September 1943, forcing the Ethiopian government administrators to flee to neighboring Eritrea. By 1958 the city was one of 27 places in Ethiopia ranked as a First Class Township.<sup id="cite_ref-NAI-website_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAI-website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> During the 1970s, Agazi Comprehensive High School, and together with the town's Catholic junior high school, became centers of anti-government dissent.<sup id="cite_ref-PeasantRevolution_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PeasantRevolution-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence outside of town of a large military base, served as a focus for protesting students, and also as a source for their hopes of a military coup.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adigrat,_Ethiopia_(15571381154).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815571381154%29.jpg/220px-Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815571381154%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815571381154%29.jpg/330px-Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815571381154%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815571381154%29.jpg/440px-Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815571381154%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Street scene.</figcaption></figure><p>Adigrat's dependence on merchandising and trade meant that the Derg's imposition of commercial and transport restrictions was strongly felt and resented.<sup id="cite_ref-PeasantRevolution_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PeasantRevolution-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the Derg business licenses became progressively more difficult to get, and traders' trucks were requisitioned for the transport of war-related materials to army bases in Eritrea. Permits of travel were required; convoys were introduced by 1976; and the road links to Asmara were virtually broken, largely by the ELF, by the late 1970s. </p><p>During the first years of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a>, the fledgling <a href="/wiki/Tigrayan_People%27s_Liberation_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigrayan People's Liberation Front">Tigrayan People's Liberation Front</a> drew support from these groups.<sup id="cite_ref-NAI-website_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAI-website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a> forces took Adigrat during <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Adwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Adwa (page does not exist)">Operation Adwa</a> in the summer of 1988. The same day that the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Revolutionary_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Revolutionary Army (page does not exist)">Third Revolutionary Army</a> was crushed at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shire_(1989)" title="Battle of Shire (1989)">Battle of Shire</a>, 19 February 1989, government troops and officials evacuated Adigrat.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Africa_Watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Africa Watch (page does not exist)">Africa Watch</a> they caused widespread destruction in the town before they left.<sup id="cite_ref-NAI-website_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAI-website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1988, Adigrat was bombed from the air by the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Ethiopian Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A pharmaceutical factory which became operational in 1997, was set up in the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_Century">21st Century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st Century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 2020-2021 <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a>, attacks were carried out on Adigrat by the joint Ethiopian and Eritrean armies, including aerial bombardments. On 19 December 2020, an <a href="/wiki/EEPA" class="mw-redirect" title="EEPA">EEPA</a> report stated that 16 civilians were killed while trying to stop Eritrean and ENDF soldiers from robbing the Addis Pharmaceutical Factory.<sup id="cite_ref-EEPA_No31_20Dec2020_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEPA_No31_20Dec2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 December 2020, Catholic Bishop Tesfaselassie Medhin of Adigrat has been reported safe in his residence. The Apostolic Nuntius to Ethiopia, Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Camilleri_(prelate)" title="Antoine Camilleri (prelate)">Antoine Camilleri</a>, expressed “solidarity with Bishop Medhin who was missing in the assembly because of the situation in his diocese where the war is hard hit.”<sup id="cite_ref-EEPA_No31_20Dec2020_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEPA_No31_20Dec2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are different sights near Adigrat that can be visited by tourists like:- </p><p><a href="/wiki/Debre_Damo" class="mw-redirect" title="Debre Damo">Debre Damo</a> is the name of a flat-topped mountain, or amba, and a 6th-century monastery in northern Ethiopia. The mountain is a steeply rising plateau of trapezoidal shape, about 1000 by 400 m in dimension. It is northwest of Adigrat, in the Mehakelegnaw Zone of the Tigray Region, close to the border with Eritrea. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gunda_Gunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunda Gunde">Gunda Gunde</a> is an Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo monastery located to the south of Adigrat in the Misraqawi (Eastern) Zone of the northern Tigray Region in Ethiopia. It is known for its prolific scriptorium, as well as its library of Ge'ez manuscripts. This collection of over 220 volumes, all but one dating from before the 16th century, is one of the largest collections of its kind in Ethiopia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abuna_Yemata_Guh" title="Abuna Yemata Guh">Abuna Yemata Guh</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Monolithic_church" title="Monolithic church">monolithic church</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Hawzen_(woreda)" title="Hawzen (woreda)">Hawzen</a> <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ethiopia" title="Districts of Ethiopia">woreda</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray Region</a> south west of Adigrat. It is situated at a height of 2,580 metres (8,460 ft) and has to be climbed on foot to reach. It is notable for its dome and wall paintings dating back to the 5th century and its architecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adigrat_Chirkos_Church_-_Adigrat_-_Ethiopia_(8706614525).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Adigrat_Chirkos_Church_-_Adigrat_-_Ethiopia_%288706614525%29.jpg/220px-Adigrat_Chirkos_Church_-_Adigrat_-_Ethiopia_%288706614525%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Adigrat_Chirkos_Church_-_Adigrat_-_Ethiopia_%288706614525%29.jpg/330px-Adigrat_Chirkos_Church_-_Adigrat_-_Ethiopia_%288706614525%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Adigrat_Chirkos_Church_-_Adigrat_-_Ethiopia_%288706614525%29.jpg/440px-Adigrat_Chirkos_Church_-_Adigrat_-_Ethiopia_%288706614525%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Adigrat Chirkos Church</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adigrat,_cattedrale_del_Salvatore,_esterno_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Adigrat%2C_cattedrale_del_Salvatore%2C_esterno_03.jpg/220px-Adigrat%2C_cattedrale_del_Salvatore%2C_esterno_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Adigrat%2C_cattedrale_del_Salvatore%2C_esterno_03.jpg/330px-Adigrat%2C_cattedrale_del_Salvatore%2C_esterno_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Adigrat%2C_cattedrale_del_Salvatore%2C_esterno_03.jpg/440px-Adigrat%2C_cattedrale_del_Salvatore%2C_esterno_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4476" data-file-height="3132" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Saviour,_Adigrat" title="Cathedral of the Holy Saviour, Adigrat">Cathedral of the Holy Saviour</a></figcaption></figure><p>Adigrat, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Agame" title="Agame">Agamé</a> district, has a rich aristocratic and political history. In town are the remnants of two castles from the <a href="/wiki/Zemene_Mesafint" title="Zemene Mesafint">Zemene Mesafint</a> ("Era of the Princes"), one owned by Dej Desta, the other by the Ras <a href="/wiki/Sebhat_Aregawi" title="Sebhat Aregawi">Sebhat Aregawi</a>. Other sites of interest: </p><ul><li>19th-century Adigrat Chirkos - was strategically built on a hill near Dej Desta's castle, so that Desta could see the church from his bedroom balcony.</li> <li>A few years after World War II land was obtained in the center of Adigrat at a site called "Welwalo". In view of the possibility that one day it might become a church, the "Holy Saviour" was built and used regularly as a parish church. After the establishment of the Ethiopian Catholic hierarchy in 1961 that church was destined to become the cathedral of the Eparchy of Adigrat. After appropriate modifications were made the formal and official consecration of the Cathedral <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> of the Holy Saviour took place on 19 April 1969. It has an Italian design, but incorporates work by Ethiopian artist <a href="/wiki/Afewerk_Tekle" title="Afewerk Tekle">Afewerk Tekle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carillet_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carillet-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Italian War cemetery commemorates some 765 Italian soldiers who died between 1935 and 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-Carillet_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carillet-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Adigrat also hosts a market and a newly constructed community park.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Churches_and_monasteries">Churches and monasteries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Churches and monasteries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2013, 112 church institutions were registered in the woreda. Churches and monasteries in the woreda that contain historical manuscripts and artefacts include:<sup id="cite_ref-Nosnitsin_2013_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nosnitsin_2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>ʿAddigrat Däbrä Mänkǝrat Qǝddus Qirqos</li> <li>ʿAddigrat Däbrä Mädhanit Mädḫane ʿAläm</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Street,_Adigrat,_Ethiopia_(15467478122).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Main_Street%2C_Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815467478122%29.jpg/220px-Main_Street%2C_Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815467478122%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Main_Street%2C_Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815467478122%29.jpg/330px-Main_Street%2C_Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815467478122%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Main_Street%2C_Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815467478122%29.jpg/440px-Main_Street%2C_Adigrat%2C_Ethiopia_%2815467478122%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Adigrat downtown</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1938, the town counted 4296 inhabitants (including 137 Italians).<sup id="cite_ref-guida_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guida-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistical_Agency_(Ethiopia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)">Central Statistical Agency</a> of Ethiopia (CSA), this town had a total population of 57,588, of whom 26,010 were male and 31,578 female. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity">Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity</a>, with 94.01% reporting that as their religion, while 3.02% of the population were <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Catholics</a>, and 2.68% were <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ethiopia" title="Islam in Ethiopia">Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSA_2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSA_2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1994 census reported it had a total population of 37,417 of whom 17,352 were men and 20,065 were women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surrounded by a range of mountains (the peak of which is Alaqwa), Adigrat held a strategic position at the junction of the crossroads between <a href="/wiki/Adwa" title="Adwa">Adwa</a> in the west, <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massawa" title="Massawa">Massawa</a> in the north and <a href="/wiki/Mekelle" title="Mekelle">Mekelle</a> in the south. Towards the east, it is delimited by the spectacular edge of the north-eastern Ethiopian escarpment dropping into the lowlands. Adigrat was interconnected with the prominent trade routes linking Tigray and the Red Sea, on the one hand, and such old market-towns as Adwa, <a href="/wiki/Hawzen" title="Hawzen">Hawzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hintalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hintalo">Antalo</a> and Mekelle, on the other. </p><p>The Huga river runs through Adigrat.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is spread widely on both banks of the river. Adigrat is located at altitude ranges from 2000 to 3000 m above sea level. The city has several prominent hills; one of the most prominent is <a href="/wiki/Debre_Damo" class="mw-redirect" title="Debre Damo">Debre Damo</a> which has a monastery at its peak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adigrat has a <a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>BSk</i>). The overall climate throughout the year is mild and dry. The annual rainfall ranges between 400 and 600 mm, with most of the rain falling in the rainy season (June up to September).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Adigrat, elevation 2,457 m (8,061 ft), (1971–2000) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.0<br />(1.65) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.0<br />(2.13) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.0<br />(1.65) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(1.50) </td> <td style="background: #2FFF2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.0<br />(5.47) </td> <td style="background: #19FF19; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154.0<br />(6.06) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(0.67) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(0.55) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(1.22) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(0.39) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">552<br />(21.73) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: FAO<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Addis Pharmaceuticals Factory has been operational since 1997. The city has a branch offices of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Bank_of_Ethiopia" title="Commercial Bank of Ethiopia">Commercial Bank of Ethiopia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dashen, Awash, Wegagen, and Ambessa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adigrat's Chamber of Commerce actively organizes many of the business in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A modern water supply system was built at a cost of 126.4 million birr and was inaugurated on 27 June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1961 it has been the center of the Adigrat Eparchy of the Vicariate Apostolic of Abyssinia.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Adigrat <a href="/wiki/Meskel" title="Meskel">Meskel</a> is special. It is celebrated with <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a> and lighting of damera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_and_sources_of_knowledge">Religion and sources of knowledge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion and sources of knowledge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has been known also the <i>Gunda-Gundi monastery</i>, from the 14th century up to its present existence for its source of peculiar type of religious manuscripts, innovation of medicine and medications/treatment of different sicknesses or curing of different diseases, the starting of small technologies like the fabrication or producing of oils, and other cosmetics for human uses using technologies, and it is a testimonial for other religious and other modernization activities and practices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tihlo" title="Tihlo">Tihlo</a> is a dish unique to Adigrat and the wider <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Tigray" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Tigray">Eastern Tigray</a>. It is prepared by kneading barley flour into softballs and preparing a meat stew with berbere, an Ethiopian spice, onions, tomato paste, water, and salt.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dish is eaten using a fork-shaped twig, which is unique in Ethiopian cuisine. </p><p>The beles, a <a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">cactus pear</a>, grown in Adigrat is considered to be of high-quality.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is renowned for its white honey and <a href="/wiki/Tej" title="Tej">tej</a>, an Ethiopian honey-wine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Football, Basketball, and Cycling are sports that are popular by the local people. </p><p>Every Sunday morning there are local Cycling tournaments in different categories. Addis Pharmaceuticals cycling club also participates in national tournaments. </p><p>The city is represented in the Ethiopian categories Premier league by <a href="/wiki/Welwalo_Adigrat_University_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Welwalo Adigrat University FC">Welwalo Adigrat University FC</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adigrat is located along <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Highway_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Highway 2">Ethiopian Highway 2</a>, which connects the city with <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" class="mw-redirect" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mekelle" title="Mekelle">Mekelle</a>. In Adigrat, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Highway_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Highway 2">Ethiopian Highway 2</a>, turns off the main highway to the west in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Adwa" title="Adwa">Adwa</a>. To the north of Adigrat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Highway_20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopian Highway 20 (page does not exist)">Ethiopian Highway 20</a> connects the city to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokobay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokobay (page does not exist)">Kokobay</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adigrat_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Adigrat_University.jpg/220px-Adigrat_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Adigrat_University.jpg/330px-Adigrat_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Adigrat_University.jpg/440px-Adigrat_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Adigrat_University" title="Adigrat University">Adigrat University</a> grounds</figcaption></figure> <p>The education system in Adigrat engages thousands of students in public and private schools. The first high school in Adigrat is Agazi Comprehensive High School which was established in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Agazi_School_Alumni_Association_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agazi_School_Alumni_Association-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2013 there were 13 public schools and 7 private schools.<sup id="cite_ref-Landfill_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landfill-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adigrat is home to the <a href="/wiki/Adigrat_University" title="Adigrat University">Adigrat University</a> which serves over 14,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-Adigrat_University_Website_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adigrat_University_Website-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technical school in Adigrat include TVET and Polytechnic College. There are two private colleges, namely, Ethio-lmage and New Millennium College.<sup id="cite_ref-Landfill_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landfill-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has a public library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_inhabitants">Notable inhabitants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable inhabitants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a>, Director General of WHO</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohannes_Haile-Selassie" title="Yohannes Haile-Selassie">Yohannes Haile-Selassie</a>, paleoanthropologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miruts_Yifter" title="Miruts Yifter">Miruts Yifter</a>, Olympic gold medal winning long distance runner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyoum_Mesfin" title="Seyoum Mesfin">Seyoum Mesfin</a>, politician and diplomat, killed during the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abeba_Aregawi" title="Abeba Aregawi">Abeba Aregawi</a>, Olympic bronze medal winning middle-distance runner</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adigrat&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=275&format=raw&Itemid=521">Census 2007 Tables: Tigray Region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101114010300/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=275&format=raw&Itemid=521">Archived</a> 2010-11-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.5 and 3.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Population-of-Towns-as-of-July-2021.pdf">"Population Projection Towns as of July 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ethiopian Statistics Agency</i>. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethiopian+Statistics+Agency&rft.atitle=Population+Projection+Towns+as+of+July+2021&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statsethiopia.gov.et%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F08%2FPopulation-of-Towns-as-of-July-2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdigrat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geopostcodes.com/Ganta_Afeshum">"Adigrat Postal Code"</a>. <i>Geopost Codes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geopost+Codes&rft.atitle=Adigrat+Postal+Code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geopostcodes.com%2FGanta_Afeshum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdigrat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGebrelibanos2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gebrelibanos, Tsegay (2003). "Addigrat". In Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia Aethiopica</i>. Vol. 1. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Addigrat&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Aethiopica&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Gebrelibanos&rft.aufirst=Tsegay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdigrat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagos1988" class="citation book cs1">Hagos, Kebede (1988). <i>The History of Addigrat, c. 1644-1974</i>. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Addigrat%2C+c.+1644-1974&rft.place=Addis+Ababa&rft.pub=Addis+Ababa+University&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Hagos&rft.aufirst=Kebede&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdigrat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nyssen, J., Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes, Hailemariam Meaza, Dondeyne, S., 2020. Exploration of a medieval African map (Aksum, Ethiopia) – How do historical maps fit with topography? In: De Ryck, M., Nyssen, J., Van Acker, K., Van Roy, W., Liber Amicorum: Philippe De Maeyer In Kaart. Wachtebeke (Belgium): University Press: 165-178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smidt W (2003) Cartography, in: Uhlig S (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, vol. 1: 688-691</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerhe1996" class="citation book cs1">Berhe, Tsegay (1996). <i>A History of Agamä, 1822-1914</i>. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Agam%C3%A4%2C+1822-1914&rft.place=Addis+Ababa&rft.pub=Addis+Ababa+University&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Berhe&rft.aufirst=Tsegay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdigrat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAI-website-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAI-website_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAI-website_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAI-website_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAI-website_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUndahl2020" class="citation web cs1">Undahl, Bernhard (2020-02-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nai.uu.se/download/18.39fca04516faedec8b248c0c/1580827182829/ORTADI05.pdf">"Local history of Ethiopia – Files of 2005 (primary) 3. Adi–Aero"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Africa_Institute" title="Nordic Africa Institute">Nordic Africa Institute</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028224356/https://nai.uu.se/download/18.39fca04516faedec8b248c0c/1580827182829/ORTADI05.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nordic+Africa+Institute&rft.atitle=Local+history+of+Ethiopia+%E2%80%93+Files+of+2005+%28primary%29+3.+Adi%E2%80%93Aero&rft.date=2020-02-04&rft.aulast=Undahl&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnai.uu.se%2Fdownload%2F18.39fca04516faedec8b248c0c%2F1580827182829%2FORTADI05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdigrat" class="Z3988"></span> Full compilation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nai.uu.se/library/resources/thematic-resources/local-history-of-ethiopia.html">Local history of Ethiopia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/journalsofrevmes00isen/journalsofrevmes00isen_djvu.txt"><i>Journals of the Rev. Messrs. Isenberg and Krapf, Missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, Detailing their proceedings in the kingdom of Shoa, and journeys in other parts of Abyssinia, in the years 1839, 1840, 1841 and 1842</i></a>, (London, 1843), p. 513</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Augustus B. Wylde, <i>Modern Abyssinia</i> (London: Methuen, 1901), p. 494</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMockler2003" class="citation book cs1">Mockler, Anthony (2003) [1984]. <i>Haile Selassie's War</i>. 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"Adigrat Sanitary Landfill Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report". <i>World Bank Group</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Bank+Group&rft.atitle=Adigrat+Sanitary+Landfill+Environmental+and+Social+Impact+Assessment+Report&rft.date=2013-02&rft.au=World+Bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdigrat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adigrat_University_Website-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adigrat_University_Website_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710100158/http://www.adu.edu.et/index.php/site-map/46-adigrat-university-s-brief-profile-2007ec">"Adigrat University"</a>. <i>adu.edu.et</i>. Adigrat University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adu.edu.et/index.php/site-map/46-adigrat-university-s-brief-profile-2007ec">the original</a> on 10 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zones_and_Woredas_of_the_Tigray_Region_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Tigray_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_the_Tigray_Region" title="List of districts in the Tigray Region">List of districts in the Tigray Region</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zone,_Tigray" title="Central Zone, Tigray">Central Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abergele_(Ethiopian_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abergele (Ethiopian District)">Abergele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwa_(woreda)" title="Adwa (woreda)">Adwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwa" title="Adwa">Adwa Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enticho_(Ethiopian_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enticho (Ethiopian District)">Enticho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_Tembien" title="Kola Tembien">Kola Tembien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Addi" title="Abiy Addi">Abiy Addi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%27ilay_Maychew" title="La'ilay Maychew">La'ilay Maychew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mereb_Lehe" title="Mereb Lehe">Mereb Lehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naeder_Adet" title="Naeder Adet">Naeder Adet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahtay_Maychew" title="Tahtay Maychew">Tahtay Maychew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanqua_Millash" title="Tanqua Millash">Tanqua Millash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werie_Lehe" title="Werie Lehe">Werie Lehe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zone,_Tigray" title="Eastern Zone, Tigray">Eastern Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adigrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atsbi_Wenberta" title="Atsbi Wenberta">Atsbi Wenberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganta_Afeshum" title="Ganta Afeshum">Ganta Afeshum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulomahda" title="Gulomahda">Gulomahda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawzen_(Ethiopian_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawzen (Ethiopian District)">Hawzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irob_(Ethiopian_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irob (Ethiopian District)">Irob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilte_Awulaelo" title="Kilte Awulaelo">Kilte Awulaelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saesi_Tsaedaemba" title="Saesi Tsaedaemba">Saesi Tsaedaemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wukro" title="Wukro">Wukro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Zone,_Tigray" title="South Eastern Zone, Tigray">South Eastern Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogu%27a_Tembien" title="Dogu'a Tembien">Dogu'a Tembien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enderta_(Ethiopian_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enderta (Ethiopian District)">Enderta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hintalo_Wajirat" title="Hintalo Wajirat">Hintalo Wajirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharti_Samre" title="Saharti Samre">Saharti Samre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zone,_Tigray" title="Southern Zone, Tigray">Southern Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaje" title="Alaje">Alaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamata_(woreda)" title="Alamata (woreda)">Alamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endamekoni" title="Endamekoni">Endamekoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korem" title="Korem">Korem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maychew" title="Maychew">Maychew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofla" title="Ofla">Ofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raya_Azebo" title="Raya Azebo">Raya Azebo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zone,_Tigray" title="Western Zone, Tigray">Western Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kafta_Humera" title="Kafta Humera">Kafta Humera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsegede" title="Tsegede">Tsegede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welkait" title="Welkait">Welkait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Western_Zone,_Tigray" title="North Western Zone, Tigray">North Western Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asgede_Tsimbla" class="mw-redirect" title="Asgede Tsimbla">Asgede Tsimbla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%27ilay_Adiyabo" title="La'ilay Adiyabo">La'ilay Adiyabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medebay_Zana" title="Medebay Zana">Medebay Zana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheraro" title="Sheraro">Sheraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_Inda_Selassie" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire Inda Selassie">Shire Inda Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahtay_Adiyabo" title="Tahtay Adiyabo">Tahtay Adiyabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahtay_Koraro" title="Tahtay Koraro">Tahtay Koraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tselemti" title="Tselemti">Tselemti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimbla" title="Tsimbla">Tsimbla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mekelle" title="Mekelle">Mekelle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_of_Ethiopia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Ethiopia" title="Template:Cities of Ethiopia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Ethiopia" title="Template talk:Cities of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Ethiopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_of_Ethiopia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Ethiopia" title="List of cities and towns in Ethiopia">Cities of Ethiopia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adama" title="Adama">Adama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adigrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwa" title="Adwa">Adwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambo,_Ethiopia" title="Ambo, Ethiopia">Ambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba_Minch" title="Arba Minch">Arba Minch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areka" title="Areka">Areka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asella" title="Asella">Asella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Awasa">Awasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahir_Dar" title="Bahir Dar">Bahir Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_(town)" title="Batu (town)">Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedessa_(Wolaita)" title="Bedessa (Wolaita)">Bedessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bale_Hawassa" title="Bale Hawassa">Bale Hawassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishoftu" title="Bishoftu">Bishoftu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitena" title="Bitena">Bitena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boditi" title="Boditi">Boditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombe_(Wolaita)" title="Bombe (Wolaita)">Bombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debre_Berhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Debre Berhan">Debre Berhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debre_Marqos" class="mw-redirect" title="Debre Marqos">Debre Marqos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debre_Tabor" title="Debre Tabor">Debre Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degehabur" title="Degehabur">Degehabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dembidolo" title="Dembidolo">Dembidolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie" title="Dessie">Dessie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dila,_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dila, Ethiopia">Dila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimtu" title="Dimtu">Dimtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dire_Dawa" title="Dire Dawa">Dire Dawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambela,_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambela, Ethiopia">Gambela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesuba" title="Gesuba">Gesuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goba" title="Goba">Goba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gode" title="Gode">Gode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gununo" title="Gununo">Gununo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harar" title="Harar">Harar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosaena" title="Hosaena">Hosaena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgalem" title="Irgalem">Irgalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jijiga" title="Jijiga">Jijiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimma" title="Jimma">Jimma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebri_Dahar" title="Kebri Dahar">Kebri Dahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombolcha" title="Kombolcha">Kombolcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekelle" title="Mekelle">Mekelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyale" title="Moyale">Moyale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negele_Arsi" title="Negele Arsi">Negele Arsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negele_Borana" title="Negele Borana">Negele Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekemte" title="Nekemte">Nekemte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebeta">Sebeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanto_(Wolaita)" title="Shanto (Wolaita)">Shanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashamane" title="Shashamane">Shashamane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebela" title="Tebela">Tebela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodo" title="Sodo">Sodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weldiya" title="Weldiya">Weldiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wukro" title="Wukro">Wukro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357101#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357101#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357101#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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