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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dukes of Orkney</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dukes_of_Orkney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earls_of_Orkney,_Second_Creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earls_of_Orkney,_Second_Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Earls of Orkney, Second Creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earls_of_Orkney,_Second_Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earls_of_Orkney,_Third_Creation_(1696)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earls_of_Orkney,_Third_Creation_(1696)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Earls of Orkney, Third Creation (1696)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earls_of_Orkney,_Third_Creation_(1696)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comte_des_Orcades" title="Comte des Orcades – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comte des Orcades" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkneyjajarlar" title="Orkneyjajarlar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Orkneyjajarlar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conte_delle_Orcadi" title="Conte delle Orcadi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conte delle Orcadi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_jarler_av_Orkn%C3%B8yene" title="Liste over jarler av Orknøyene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over jarler av Orknøyene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkn%C3%B8yjarlane" title="Orknøyjarlane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Orknøyjarlane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Граф Оркни – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Граф Оркни" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Orkneyja" title="Earl Orkneyja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Earl Orkneyja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Граф Оркні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Граф Оркні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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the Northern Isles and northern Scotland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Earldom_of_Orkney" title="Earldom of Orkney">Earldom of Orkney</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Earldom of Orkney</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/220px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/330px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/440px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Arms of the earldom of Orkney</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creation date</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 872</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data">King <a href="/wiki/Harald_Fairhair" title="Harald Fairhair">Harald I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Eysteinsson" title="Sigurd Eysteinsson">Sigurd Eysteinsson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Present holder</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_St_John,_9th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Peter St John, 9th Earl of Orkney">Peter St. John</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heir apparent</th><td class="infobox-data">Oliver St. John</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extinction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1472 <small>(first creation)</small><br />1614 <small>(second creation)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Earl%27s_Palace,_Kirkwall" title="Earl's Palace, Kirkwall">Earl's Palace, Kirkwall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former seat(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brough_of_Birsay" title="Brough of Birsay">Brough of Birsay</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Earl%27s_Palace,_Birsay" title="Earl's Palace, Birsay">Earl's Palace, Birsay</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brough_of_Birsay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Brough_of_Birsay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446928.jpg/300px-Brough_of_Birsay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446928.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Brough_of_Birsay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446928.jpg/450px-Brough_of_Birsay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Brough_of_Birsay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446928.jpg/600px-Brough_of_Birsay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Ruins on the <a href="/wiki/Brough_of_Birsay" title="Brough of Birsay">Brough of Birsay</a>, once the seat of the early Norse <i>jarls</i> of Orkney. The Brough is now a tidal islet but in earlier times it was connected to <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Orkney">Mainland Orkney</a> by an isthmus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201315,_73,_143_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201315,_73,_143-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Earl of Orkney</b>, historically <b>Jarl of Orkney</b>, is a title of nobility encompassing the archipelagoes of <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>, which comprise the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. Originally <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Scandinavian Scotland">founded by Norse invaders</a>, the status of the rulers of the Northern Isles as <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> was formalised in 1195. Although the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> term <i>jarl</i> is etymologically related to "earl", and the jarls were succeeded by earls in the late 15th century, a Norwegian <i>jarl</i> is not the same thing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201383_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201383-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Norse context the distinction between jarls and kings did not become significant until the late 11th century<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013165_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013165-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the early jarls would therefore have had considerable independence of action until that time. The position of Jarl of Orkney was eventually the most senior rank in medieval Norway except for the king himself. </p><p>The jarls were periodically subject to the kings of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a> for those parts of their territory in what is now mainland Scotland (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutherland" title="Sutherland">Sutherland</a>). In 1232, a Scottish dynasty descended from the <a href="/wiki/Mormaers_of_Angus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormaers of Angus">mormaers of Angus</a> replaced the previous family descended from the late 10th century jarl <a href="/wiki/Torf-Einarr" title="Torf-Einarr">Torf-Einarr</a>, although the isles remained formally subject to Norway. This family was in turn replaced by the descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Mormaers_of_Strathearn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormaers of Strathearn">mormaers of Strathearn</a> and later still by the <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney">Sinclair family</a>, during whose time Orkney and Shetland became part of Scotland. </p><p>The second earldom was created by <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a> in 1581 for his half-uncle <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney">Robert Stewart</a> but after only two incumbents the title was forfeited in 1614. After the third creation of 1696, which title still exists today, the earls' influence on <a href="/wiki/Orcadians" title="Orcadians">Orcadian</a> affairs became negligible. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Norse_Jarls">Norse Jarls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Norse Jarls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Jarldom of Orkney (Norse)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creation date</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 892</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harald_Fairhair" title="Harald Fairhair">Haraldr Hárfagri</a>?</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peerage</th><td class="infobox-data">Peerage of Norway</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Eysteinsson" title="Sigurd Eysteinsson">Sigurd Eysteinsson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Haraldsson" title="Jon Haraldsson">Jon Haraldsson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Subsidiary titles</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Caithness" title="Mormaer of Caithness">Mormaer of Caithness</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Extinct</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extinction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1230<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008132_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008132-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former seat(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brough_of_Birsay" title="Brough of Birsay">Brough of Birsay</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Rognvald_Eysteinsson" title="Rognvald Eysteinsson">Rognvald Eysteinsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarl_of_M%C3%B8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarl of Møre">Jarl of Møre</a> <abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr> 865–890 <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner1978FA_330_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner1978FA_330-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200822_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200822-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is sometimes credited with being the founder of the jarldom. By implication the <i><a href="/wiki/Orkneyinga_saga" title="Orkneyinga saga">Orkneyinga saga</a></i> identifies him as such for he is given "dominion" over Orkney and Shetland by King <a href="/wiki/Harald_Finehair" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald Finehair">Harald Finehair</a>, although there is no concrete suggestion he ever held the title. The <i><a href="/wiki/Heimskringla" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a></i> states that his brother Sigurd was the first to formally hold the title.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Chapter_4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Chapter_4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1992Chapter_99_"History_Of_The_Earls_Of_Orkney"._10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson1992Chapter_99_"History_Of_The_Earls_Of_Orkney".-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sigurd's son Guthorm ruled for a year and died childless.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Chapter_5_"A_poisoned_tooth"_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Chapter_5_"A_poisoned_tooth"-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rognvald's son Hallad then inherited the title. However, unable to constrain Danish raids on Orkney, he gave up the jarldom and returned to Norway, which "everyone thought was a huge joke".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200830quoting_chapter_5_of_the_''Orkneyinga_saga''._12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200830quoting_chapter_5_of_the_''Orkneyinga_saga''.-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Torf-Einarr" title="Torf-Einarr">Torf-Einarr</a> then succeeded in defeating the Danes and founded a dynasty which retained control of the islands for centuries after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200829_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200829-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smyth concludes that the role of the brothers Eysteinsson lacks historical credibility and that Torf-Einarr “may be regarded as the first historical earl of Orkney”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmyth1984153_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmyth1984153-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drawing on <a href="/wiki/Adam_of_Bremen" title="Adam of Bremen">Adam of Bremen</a>'s assertion that Orkney was not conquered until the time of <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a>, who ruled Norway from 1043 to 1066, Woolf speculates that <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Stout" title="Sigurd the Stout">Sigurd “the Stout” Hlodvirsson</a>, Torf-Einarr's great-grandson, may have been the first Jarl of Orkney.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007307_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007307-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dates are largely conjectural, at least until his death recorded in 1014. </p><p>Assuming Torf-Einarr is a genuine historical figure, all of the subsequent jarls were descended from him, save for <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_I_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigurd I of Norway">Sigurd Magnusson</a>, whose short rule was imposed by his father <a href="/wiki/Magnus_III_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus III of Norway">Magnus Barelegs</a>, and who later became Sigurd I of Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the main sources for the lives and times of these jarls is the <i>Orkneyinga saga</i>, which has been described as having "no parallel in the social and literary record of Scotland".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford1987221_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford1987221-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the key events of the saga is the "martyrdom" of Jarl <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Erlendsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus Erlendsson">Magnus Erlendsson</a>, later Saint Magnus, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1115</span>. The last quarter of the saga is taken up with a lengthy tale of Jarl <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6gnvald_Kali_Kolsson" title="Rögnvald Kali Kolsson">Rögnvald Kali Kolsson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Asleifsson" title="Sweyn Asleifsson">Sweyn Asleifsson</a> — indeed the oldest version ends with the latter's death in 1171.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Introduction_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Introduction-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeuermann2011148–49_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeuermann2011148–49-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the murder of Jarl <a href="/wiki/Jon_Haraldsson" title="Jon Haraldsson">Jon Haraldsson</a> some sixty years later, <a href="/wiki/Magnus,_son_of_Gille_Brigte" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus, son of Gille Brigte">Magnus, son of Gille Brigte</a> became the first of the Scottish earls. He may have been a descendant of Jarl Rögnvald Kali Kolsson, although this has never been corroborated. However, the line of specifically Norse jarls is said to have come to an end when Jarl Magnus II was granted his title by <a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon IV of Norway">Haakon IV of Norway</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1236</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005127_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005127-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%; border:0px; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Byname</a> </th> <th>Relationship to predecessor </th> <th>Rule commences </th> <th>Rule ends </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Eysteinsson" title="Sigurd Eysteinsson">Sigurd Eysteinsson</a> </td> <td><i>Sigurðr inn riki</i><br /> "the Mighty" </td> <td>Brother of Rognvald Eysteinsson </td> <td> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 892</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198754_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford198754-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guthorm Sigurdsson </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Sigurd Eysteinsson </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 892</span> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 893</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198754_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford198754-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hallad Rognvaldsson </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Rognvald Eysteinsson </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 893</span> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 895</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Torf-Einarr" title="Torf-Einarr">Einarr Rognvaldsson</a> </td> <td><i>Torf-Einarr</i> <br />"Turf"-Einarr </td> <td>Son of Rognvald Eysteinsson </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 895</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmyth1984153_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmyth1984153-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198755_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford198755-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>910<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198754_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford198754-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johnston393_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston393-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arnkel Torf-Einarsson </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Torf-Einarr Rognvaldsson </td> <td>910 </td> <td>with Erlend and Thorfinn to 954<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClouston191815_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClouston191815-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Erlend Torf-Einarsson </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Torf-Einarr Rognvaldsson </td> <td>910 </td> <td>with Arnkel and Thorfinn to 954<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClouston191815_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClouston191815-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECannon2009Stainmore,_battle_of,_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECannon2009Stainmore,_battle_of,-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorfinn_Torf-Einarsson" title="Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson">Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson</a> </td> <td><i>Þorfinnr hausakljúfr</i><br />"Skull-splitter" </td> <td>Son of Torf-Einarr Rognvaldsson </td> <td>910 </td> <td>with Erlend and Arnkel to 954<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClouston191815_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClouston191815-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <p>alone 954–963<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198754_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford198754-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arnfinn Thorfinnsson </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson </td> <td>963 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Havard Thorfinnsson </td> <td><i>Hávarðr inn ársæli</i><br />"Harvest-happy" </td> <td>Son of Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson </td> <td>On Arnfinn's death </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ljot Thorfinnsson </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson </td> <td>On Havard's death </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 980</span><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hlodvir_Thorfinnsson" title="Hlodvir Thorfinnsson">Hlodvir Thorfinnsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 980</span> </td> <td>991<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200527_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200527-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Stout" title="Sigurd the Stout">Sigurd Hlodvirsson</a> </td> <td><i>Sigurðr digri</i><br />"the Stout" </td> <td>Son of Hlodvir Thorfinnsson </td> <td>991 </td> <td>1014<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007243_quoting_the_''[[Annals_of_Ulster]]''_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007243_quoting_the_''[[Annals_of_Ulster]]''-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sumarlidi_Sigurdsson" title="Sumarlidi Sigurdsson">Sumarlidi Sigurdsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Sigurd Hlodvirsson </td> <td>1014 </td> <td>with Brusi and Einar to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1016</span><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200544–45_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200544–45-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brusi_Sigurdsson" title="Brusi Sigurdsson">Brusi Sigurdsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Sigurd Hlodvirsson </td> <td>1014 </td> <td>with Einar and Sumarlidi to 1016<br /> with Einar to 1025<br /> <p>with Einar and Thorfinn to c. 1031<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200547:_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200547:-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Einar_Sigurdsson" title="Einar Sigurdsson">Einar Sigurdsson</a> </td> <td><i>Einar rangmunnr</i><br />"Wry-mouth" </td> <td>Son of Sigurd Hlodvirsson </td> <td>1014 </td> <td>with Brusi and Sumarlidi to 1016<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> with Brusi to 1025<br />with Brusi and Thorfinn to 1026 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorfinn_the_Mighty" title="Thorfinn the Mighty">Thorfinn Sigurdsson</a> </td> <td><i>Þorfinnr inn riki</i><br />"the Mighty" </td> <td>Son of Sigurd Hlodvirsson </td> <td>c. 1025<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>with Brusi and Einar to 1026<br /> with Brusi to 1031<br />alone to 1036<br />with Rögnvald 1036 to 1046}}<br />alone to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1064</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200553_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200553-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6gnvald_Brusason" title="Rögnvald Brusason">Rögnvald Brusason</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Brusi Sigurdsson </td> <td>c. 1036<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200882_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200882-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>with Thorfinn to c. 1046<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_and_Erlend_Thorfinnsson" title="Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson">Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Sons of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, co-rulers, later deposed together </td> <td>1064 </td> <td>1098<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200561_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200561-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_I_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigurd I of Norway">Sigurd Magnusson</a> </td> <td><i>Sigurðr Jórsalafari</i><br />"the Jerusalem-farer" </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Magnus_III_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus III of Norway">Magnus Barelegs</a> </td> <td>1098 </td> <td>1103 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Paulsson" title="Haakon Paulsson">Haakon Paulsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Paul Thorfinnsson </td> <td>1104<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200563_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200563-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>alone to 1106<br />with Magnus to 1116<br /> alone to 1123<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Erlendsson,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney">Magnus Erlendsson</a> </td> <td>Later "Saint Magnus" </td> <td>Son of Erlend Thorfinnsson </td> <td>1106<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200563_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200563-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>with Haakon to 1116<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harald_Haakonsson" title="Harald Haakonsson">Harald Haakonsson</a> </td> <td>"Smooth-tongue" </td> <td>Son of Haakon Paulsson </td> <td>1123 </td> <td>with Paul to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1130</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Haakonsson" title="Paul Haakonsson">Paul Haakonsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Haakon Paulsson </td> <td>1123 </td> <td>with Harald to 1130<br />alone to 1136<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6gnvald_Kali_Kolsson" title="Rögnvald Kali Kolsson">Rögnvald Kali Kolsson</a> </td> <td>Later "Saint Rögnvald" </td> <td>Son of Gunnhild, daughter of Erlend Thorfinnsson </td> <td>1136<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008103_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008103-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200889_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200889-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>alone to 1138<br />with Harald Maddadsson 1138 to 1151<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200889_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200889-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1154 to 1158<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> with Harald and Erlend Haraldsson 1151 to 1154 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harald_Maddadsson" title="Harald Maddadsson">Harald Maddadsson</a> </td> <td>"the Old" </td> <td>Son of Margaret, daughter of Haakon Paulsson </td> <td>1138<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200889_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200889-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>with Rögnvald to 1151 and 1154 to 1158<br /> with Rögnvald and Erlend Haraldsson 1151 to 1154<br /> alone 1158 to 1191<br />with Harald Eiriksson to 1198<br /> alone to 1206<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008128_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Erlend_Haraldsson" title="Erlend Haraldsson">Erlend Haraldsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Harald Haakonsson </td> <td>1151<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200889_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200889-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>with Harald Maddadsson and Rögnvald Kali Kolsson to 1154<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harald_Eiriksson" title="Harald Eiriksson">Harald Eiriksson</a> </td> <td><i>Haraldr ungi</i><br />"the Young" </td> <td>Son of Ingiríðr, daughter of Rögnvald Kali Kolsson </td> <td>1191 </td> <td>with Harald Maddadsson to 1198<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Haraldsson" title="David Haraldsson">David Haraldsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Harald Maddadsson </td> <td>1206 </td> <td>with Jon to 1214<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008128_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jon_Haraldsson" title="Jon Haraldsson">Jon Haraldsson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Son of Harald Maddadsson </td> <td>1206 </td> <td>with David to 1214<br />alone to 1231<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008132_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008132-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scottish_Jarls_under_the_Norwegian_Crown">Scottish Jarls under the Norwegian Crown</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scottish Jarls under the Norwegian Crown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Jarldom of Orkney (Scots)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creation date</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1236</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Haakonsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon Haakonsson">Haakon Haakonsson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peerage</th><td class="infobox-data">Peerage of Norway</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magnus_II,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Magnus II, Earl of Orkney">Magnus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Sinclair,_1st_Earl_of_Caithness" title="William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness">William Sinclair</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Subsidiary titles</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Caithness" title="Mormaer of Caithness">Mormaer of Caithness</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Extinct</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extinction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1472</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After the close of the <i>Jarls' Saga</i> on the death of Jon Haraldsson in 1230, the history of Orkney is "plunged into a darkness which is illuminated by very few written sources".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201326_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201326-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <i>jarl</i> known to have held the title after the Norse dynasty came to and end in 1230 was <a href="/wiki/Magnus_II,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Magnus II, Earl of Orkney">Magnus II</a> but the title may have been held by an unknown other prior to his investiture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although successive jarls of Orkney were related, they each acquired the position by being personally appointed to the role by the Norwegian king; the jarldom was not inheritable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Angus_Jarls">The Angus Jarls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Angus Jarls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%; border:0px; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Relationship to predecessor </th> <th>Rule commences </th> <th>Rule ends </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnus_II,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Magnus II, Earl of Orkney">Magnus II</a> </td> <td>His parentage is unknown. Possibly a descendant of Ingrid, a daughter of Rögnvald Kali Kolsson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1236 </td> <td>1239 </td></tr> <tr> <td>?Gilbert </td> <td>Possibly married to a niece of Magnus II, his existence is not certain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1239 </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Gilbert, Earl of Orkney">Gilbert (<i>Gille Brigte</i>)</a> </td> <td>Possibly the son of Gilbert, but there may have only been a single Gilbert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013282_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013282-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>? </td> <td>1256 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnus_III_of_Orkney" title="Magnus III of Orkney">Magnus Gilbertsson</a> </td> <td>Son of Gilbert<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013293_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013293-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1256 </td> <td>1273 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Magnusson,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Magnus Magnusson, Earl of Orkney">Magnus Magnusson</a> </td> <td>Son of Magnus Gilbertsson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013307,_429_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013307,_429-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008145–46_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008145–46-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1273 </td> <td>1284 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3n_Magn%C3%BAsson,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Jón Magnússon, Earl of Orkney">Jón Magnússon</a> </td> <td>Son of Magnus Gilbertsson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013307,_427_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013307,_427-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008145–46_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008145–46-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1284 </td> <td>1303 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%BAs_J%C3%B3nsson,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Magnús Jónsson, Earl of Orkney">Magnus Jónsson</a> </td> <td>Son of Jón Magnússon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013429_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013429-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1303 </td> <td>1320 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strathearn_and_Sinclair_Jarls">Strathearn and Sinclair Jarls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Strathearn and Sinclair Jarls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/200px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/300px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/400px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the feudal Earldom of Orkney<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The lack of haste with which a new title was granted by the Norwegians to Orkney has led to the suggestion that Magnus Jonsson may have had an heir who was a minor, but who died before 1330. It is also likely that unravelling the genealogy of his potential successors and providing proofs of their descent was a time-consuming project.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008149–50_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008149–50-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whatever the reason, about a decade after Magnus's death the title was granted to <a href="/wiki/Maol_%C3%8Dosa_V,_Earl_of_Strathearn" class="mw-redirect" title="Maol Íosa V, Earl of Strathearn">Maol Íosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Strathearn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormaer of Strathearn">mormaer of Strathearn</a>, a distant relative of Earl Gilbert. He ruled Orkney and Caithness from 1330 to 1350 and had several daughters, but no sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013317–20_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013317–20-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earldom was then left vacant for about three years,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following which <a href="/wiki/Erengisle_Sunesson,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Erengisle Sunesson, Earl of Orkney">Erengisle Sunesson</a> was a titular earl for a few years but when his right to the title lapsed prior to 1360<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013322_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013322-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the jarldom lay vacant again. King <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VI_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VI of Norway">Haakon VI of Norway</a> had married <a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret</a>, the daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_IV_of_Denmark" title="Valdemar IV of Denmark">Valdemar IV of Denmark</a>. The sudden death of Haakon's brother King <a href="/wiki/Eric_XII_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric XII of Sweden">Eric XII of Sweden</a> triggered the foreign policy obligations Haakon had to Valdemar, as a result of the marriage. These drew Haakon's attention away from Orkney, until the death of Valdemar, in 1375. </p><p>In 1375, Haakon decided upon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_of_Ard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander of Ard (page does not exist)">Alexander of Ard</a>, the son of Maol Íosa's daughter Matilda and Weland of Ard<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013321_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013321-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Aird, west of Inverness)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Sunesson's successor. However, Alexander was merely appointed "Lieutenant, Captain and Keeper" of Orkney for a year on 30 June 1375.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was to be a probationary role, the intention being that if Haakon had been satisfied by Alexander's behaviour after a year, he would be appointed as <i>jarl</i>. However, Haakon did not do so, possibly because Alexander failed to deal with the violence that had become rife during the long absence of an earl's authority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013327–28_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013327–28-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1379, the jarldom was granted to another grandson of Maol Íosa, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney">Henry Sinclair</a>, by Haakon VI on 2 August 1379.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013328_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013328-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%; border:0px; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Relationship to predecessor </th> <th>Rule commences </th> <th>Rule ends </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maol_%C3%8Dosa_V,_Earl_of_Strathearn" class="mw-redirect" title="Maol Íosa V, Earl of Strathearn">Maol Íosa</a> </td> <td>A descendant of <a href="/wiki/Malise_II,_Earl_of_Strathearn" title="Malise II, Earl of Strathearn">Malise II, Earl of Strathearn</a> and Matilda, a daughter of Earl Gilbert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013317–20_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013317–20-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1330 </td> <td>1350 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vacant </td> <td> </td> <td>1350 </td> <td>1353 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Erengisle_Sunesson,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Erengisle Sunesson, Earl of Orkney">Erengisle Sunesson</a> </td> <td>Married to Agneta, daughter of Maol Íosa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013319–322_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013319–322-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1353 </td> <td>before 1360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vacant </td> <td> </td> <td>before 1360 </td> <td>1375 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_of_Ard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander of Ard (page does not exist)">Alexander of Ard</a> </td> <td>Son of Maol Íosa's daughter Matilda and Weland of Ard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appointed as "Lieutenant" only. </td> <td>1375 </td> <td>1376? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vacant </td> <td> </td> <td>1376 </td> <td>1379 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney">Henry Sinclair</a> </td> <td>Son of Maol Íosa's daughter Isabella and William de Sinclair of <a href="/wiki/Roslin,_Midlothian" title="Roslin, Midlothian">Rosslyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1379 </td> <td>1401 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney">Henry II</a> </td> <td>Son of Henry I </td> <td>1404? </td> <td>1420 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Sinclair,_1st_Earl_of_Caithness" title="William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness">William</a> </td> <td>Son of Henry II. David Menzies acted as "Guardian" from 1422 to 1434. William was <i>de facto</i> jarl from 1424. He was granted the newly created title "Earl of Caithness" in 1455. </td> <td>1434 </td> <td>1470 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>When <a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III of Scotland</a> married <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a>, her father, <a href="/wiki/Christian_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian I">Christian I</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a>, was unable to immediately provide a <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a>. Instead, he promised that he would provide the dowry at a later date, and pledged the Norðreyjar as security for his promise. In 1470, James persuaded William to <a href="/wiki/Quitclaim" title="Quitclaim">quitclaim</a> his rights over Orkney and Shetland only, in return for <a href="/wiki/Ravenscraig_Castle" title="Ravenscraig Castle">lands in Fife</a>; technically the Norðreyjar remained in existence as a Norwegian Jarldom, but William's authority became limited to the mainland parts, while Orkney and Sheltland became jarl-free. After a few years, it became clear that the dowry was unlikely ever to be paid, so in 1472, James declared the Norðreyjar to be forfeit (and forwent the dowry). As an immediate consequence, the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Caithness" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Caithness">diocese of Caithness</a> was transferred from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Nidaros" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros">Archdiocese of Niðaróss (Trondheim)</a>, in Norway, to <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_St_Andrews" title="Archdiocese of St Andrews">that of St Andrews</a>, in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008220_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008220-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scottish_Earls">Scottish Earls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scottish Earls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dukes_of_Orkney">Dukes of Orkney</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dukes of Orkney"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The next Orkney title was the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Orkney">dukedom of Orkney</a>, which was given to <a href="/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell">James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell</a>, husband of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, in 1567. Later that year, however, he forfeited the title when Mary was forced to abdicate.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earls_of_Orkney,_Second_Creation"><span id="Earls_of_Orkney.2C_Second_Creation"></span>Earls of Orkney, Second Creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Earls of Orkney, Second Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second earldom was created by <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a>. The Stewart earls were based at <a href="/wiki/Kirkwall_Castle" title="Kirkwall Castle">Kirkwall Castle</a>, which had been built by Henry I Sinclair. It was demolished on the forfeiture of the title in 1614.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%; border:0px; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Relationship to predecessor </th> <th>Rule commences </th> <th>Rule ends </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney">Robert Stewart</a> </td> <td>Illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James V of Scotland">James V</a> </td> <td>1581 </td> <td>1593 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney">Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney</a> </td> <td>Son of Robert Stewart </td> <td>1593 </td> <td>1614 (forfeited) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earls_of_Orkney,_Third_Creation_(1696)"><span id="Earls_of_Orkney.2C_Third_Creation_.281696.29"></span>Earls of Orkney, Third Creation (1696)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Earls of Orkney, Third Creation (1696)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Earldom of Orkney<br />(Third creation of 1696)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/130px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/195px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/260px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="199" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earl_of_Orkney_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Earl_of_Orkney_COA.svg/150px-Earl_of_Orkney_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Earl_of_Orkney_COA.svg/225px-Earl_of_Orkney_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Earl_of_Orkney_COA.svg/300px-Earl_of_Orkney_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">Blazon</a>. Quarterly: 1st grandquarters, Argent, on a Chief Gules two Mullets Or;2nd grandquarters, Argent on a Saltire Gules a Lymphad sails furled Or a Chief Ermine (Fitz-Maurice); 3rd grandquarter, quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules three Cinquefoils Ermine (Hamilton); 2nd, Argent a Lymphad sails furled Sable (Arran); 3rd, Argent a Heart Gules imperially crowned Or on a Chief Azure three Mullets of the first (Douglas); over all at the fess point an Escallop Or for difference (for Lord George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney); 4th grandquarter, quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules three Lions passant guardant per pale Or and Argent (O'Brien); 2nd, Argent three Piles meeting in the point issuing from the chief Gules (Bryan); 3rd, Argent a Pheon Azure (Sydney).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creation date</th><td class="infobox-data">3 January 1696 <small>(Third creation)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William II of Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peerage</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Peerage of Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney" title="George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney">Lord George Hamilton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Present holder</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_St_John,_9th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Peter St John, 9th Earl of Orkney">Peter St John, 9th Earl of Orkney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heir apparent</th><td class="infobox-data">Oliver Robert St John, Viscount Kirkwall</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Subsidiary titles</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Viscount of Kirkwall <br /> Lord Dechmont</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The last creation of the earldom was in favour of the man who in 1735 would become the first <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Douglas-Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="George Douglas-Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney">Lord George Hamilton</a>, the fifth son of <a href="/wiki/William_Douglas,_Duke_of_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="William Douglas, Duke of Hamilton">William Douglas, Duke of Hamilton</a>. The peerage was created with "remainder to the heirs whatsoever of his body",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> meaning that the title can be passed on through both male and female lines. The title passed to the O'Brien family, then to the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Marquess of Lansdowne">Fitzmaurice family</a>, and later to the St John family. The subsidiary titles of Viscount of Kirkwall and Lord Dechmont were created at the same time as the earldom.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>None of these earls appear to have any connection with Orkney other than the <a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">honorific</a> itself. The current earl, for example, was born and lives in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%; border:0px; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Relationship to predecessor </th> <th>Period </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney" title="George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney">George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td>1695–1737<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_O%27Brien,_2nd_Countess_of_Orkney" title="Anne O'Brien, 2nd Countess of Orkney">Anne O'Brien, 2nd Countess of Orkney</a> </td> <td>Daughter of 1st Earl </td> <td>1737–1756<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_O%27Brien,_3rd_Countess_of_Orkney" title="Mary O'Brien, 3rd Countess of Orkney">Mary O'Brien, 3rd Countess of Orkney</a> </td> <td>Daughter of 2nd Countess </td> <td>1756–1790<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_FitzMaurice,_4th_Countess_of_Orkney" title="Mary FitzMaurice, 4th Countess of Orkney">Mary FitzMaurice, 4th Countess of Orkney</a> </td> <td>Daughter of 3rd Countess </td> <td>1790–1831<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_FitzMaurice,_5th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Thomas FitzMaurice, 5th Earl of Orkney">Thomas FitzMaurice, 5th Earl of Orkney</a> </td> <td>Grandson of 4th Countess </td> <td>1831–1877<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_FitzMaurice,_6th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="George FitzMaurice, 6th Earl of Orkney">George FitzMaurice, 6th Earl of Orkney</a> </td> <td>Son of 5th Earl </td> <td>1877–1889<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Connie_Gilchrist,_Countess_of_Orkney#Earl_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Connie Gilchrist, Countess of Orkney">Edmond FitzMaurice, 7th Earl of Orkney</a> </td> <td>Nephew of 6th Earl </td> <td>1889–1951<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cecil_FitzMaurice,_8th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Cecil FitzMaurice, 8th Earl of Orkney">Cecil FitzMaurice, 8th Earl of Orkney</a> </td> <td>First cousin twice removed of 7th Earl - great-grandson of Frederick Fitzmaurice, third son of the fifth Earl. </td> <td>1951–1998<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_St_John,_9th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Peter St John, 9th Earl of Orkney">Peter St John, 9th Earl of Orkney</a> </td> <td>Third cousin of 8th Earl </td> <td>1998 to date<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The 9th Earl is the son of Frederick Oliver St John, son of Isabella Annie Fitzmaurice, daughter of James Terence Fitzmaurice, fifth son of the fifth Earl. The <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> is the present holder's son Oliver Robert St John (b. 1969), who holds the <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy title</a>, Viscount Kirkwall.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><b>Earl of Orkney</b> is also a separate, non-peerage <a href="/wiki/Earls_in_the_Baronage_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Earls in the Baronage of Scotland">earldom</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Baronage_of_Scotland" title="Baronage of Scotland">Baronage of Scotland</a>. An earl in the Baronage of Scotland is also always a Scots <a href="/wiki/Baronage_of_Scotland" title="Baronage of Scotland">baron</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arms">Arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of the Earl of Orkney </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Cecil_O%27Bryen_FitzMaurice,_8th_Earl_of_Orkney.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cecil_O%27Bryen_FitzMaurice%2C_8th_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cecil_O%27Bryen_FitzMaurice%2C_8th_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cecil_O%27Bryen_FitzMaurice%2C_8th_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/375px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cecil_O%27Bryen_FitzMaurice%2C_8th_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cecil_O%27Bryen_FitzMaurice%2C_8th_Earl_of_Orkney.svg/500px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cecil_O%27Bryen_FitzMaurice%2C_8th_Earl_of_Orkney.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1450" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>Coat of arms of the 8th earl.</dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>1st: A Sagittarius passant proper (FitzMaurice); 2nd: An Ancient Boat Or flagged Azure and issuant therefrom an Oak Tree fructed and penetrated by a Framesaw proper the Frame Or (Hamilton).</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters, Argent on a Saltire Gules a Lymphad sails furled Or a Chief Ermine (Fitz-Maurice); 2nd grandquarter, quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules three Cinquefoils Ermine (Hamilton); 2nd, Argent a Lymphad sails furled Sable (Arran); 3rd, Argent a Heart Gules imperially crowned Or on a Chief Azure three Mullets of the first (Douglas); over all at the fess point an Escallop Or for difference (for Lord George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney); 3rd grandquarter, quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules three Lions passant guardant per pale Or and Argent (O'Brien); 2nd, Argent three Piles meeting in the point issuing from the chief Gules; 3rd, Argent a Pheon Azure.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>On the dexter side an Antelope Azure armed and ducally gorged with Chain reflexed across the back Or, and on the sinister a Stag proper attired and ducally gorged with a Chain reflexed over the back also Or, each supporter charged on the shoulder with a Cinquefoil Ermine.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>Through Courage.</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:#cdf; color: black; width:auto"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orkney_family_tree" title="Template:Orkney family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orkney_family_tree" title="Template talk:Orkney family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orkney_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orkney family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div>Orkney Family Tree: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Earls of Orkney</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton,_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="William Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton">William Hamilton</a><br />1634–1694<br /><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Selkirk" title="Earl of Selkirk">Earl of Selkirk </a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hamilton,_3rd_Duchess_of_Hamilton" title="Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton">Anne Hamilton</a><br />1632–1717<br /><a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Hamilton" title="Duchess of Hamilton">Duchess of Hamilton</a> <i>suo jure</i></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Earl of Orkney</a> (3rd creation), <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Kirkwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Kirkwall">Viscount Kirkwall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baron_Dechmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Dechmont">Baron Dechmont</a>, 1696</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney" title="George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney">George Hamilton</a><br />1666–1737<br /><b>1st Earl of Orkney, Viscount Kirkwall, and Baron Dechmont</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Anne_O%27Brien,_2nd_Countess_of_Orkney" title="Anne O'Brien, 2nd Countess of Orkney">Anne O'Brien</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1756</span><br /><b>2nd Countess of Orkney, Viscountess Kirkwall, and Baroness Dechmont</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mary_O%27Brien,_3rd_Countess_of_Orkney" title="Mary O'Brien, 3rd Countess of Orkney">Mary O'Brien</a><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1721</span>–1790<br /><b>3rd Countess of Orkney, Viscountess Kirkwall, and Baroness Dechmont</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mary_FitzMaurice,_4th_Countess_of_Orkney" title="Mary FitzMaurice, 4th Countess of Orkney">Mary FitzMaurice</a><br />1755–1831<br /><b>4th Countess of Orkney, Viscountess Kirkwall, and Baroness Dechmont</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_FitzMaurice,_Viscount_Kirkwall" title="John FitzMaurice, Viscount Kirkwall">John FitzMaurice</a><br />1778–1820<br /><i>styled Viscount Kirkwall</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_FitzMaurice,_5th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Thomas FitzMaurice, 5th Earl of Orkney">Thomas FitzMaurice</a><br />1803–1877<br /><b>5th Earl of Orkney, Viscount Kirkwall, and Baron Dechmont</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/George_FitzMaurice,_6th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="George FitzMaurice, 6th Earl of Orkney">George William Hamilton FitzMaurice</a><br />1827–1889<br /><b>6th Earl of Orkney, Viscount Kirkwall, and Baron Dechmont</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Henry Warrender FitzMaurice<br />1828–1875</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Frederick O'Bryen FitzMaurice<br />1830–1867</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">James Terence FitzMaurice<br />1835–1917</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Connie_Gilchrist,_Countess_of_Orkney#Earl_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Connie Gilchrist, Countess of Orkney">Edmond FitzMaurice</a><br />1867–1951<br /><b>7th Earl of Orkney, Viscount Kirkwall, and Baron Dechmont</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Douglas FitzMaurice<br />1861–1932</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Isabella FitzMaurice<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1948</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_FitzMaurice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas FitzMaurice (page does not exist)">Douglas FitzMaurice</a><br />1890–1937</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_St._John&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick St. John (page does not exist)">Frederick St. John</a><br />1886–1977</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_O%27Bryen_FitzMaurice,_8th_Earl_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil O'Bryen FitzMaurice, 8th Earl of Orkney">Cecil O'Bryen FitzMaurice</a><br />1919–1998<br /><b>8th Earl of Orkney, Viscount Kirkwall, and Baron Dechmont</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Peter_St_John,_9th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Peter St John, 9th Earl of Orkney">Oliver Peter St John</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1938</span><br /><b>9th Earl of Orkney, Viscount Kirkwall, and Baron Dechmont</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Robert_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Robert St John">Oliver Robert St John</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1969</span><br /><i>styled Viscount Kirkwall</i><br /><i>Heir apparent</i></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Caithness" title="Mormaer of Caithness">Mormaer of Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscount_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount St John">Viscount St John</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Assuming an identification of Rognvald with "Ragnall son of Albdann" in 865.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anders Stølen has argued that Magnus Barelegs's mother was a daughter of "Ragnvald jarl" as stated in the genealogical text <i>Sunnmørsættleggen</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStølen1988259_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStølen1988259-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has in turn been identified as <a href="/wiki/Rognvald_Brusason" class="mw-redirect" title="Rognvald Brusason">Rognvald Brusason</a> (grandson of Sigurd Hlodvirsson) by Ola Kvalsund.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsenSulebust1994213_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsenSulebust1994213-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muir (2008) suggests Sigurd Eysteinsson may have died <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 874</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Date of death based on the assumption Arnkel and Erlend Turf-Einarsson died at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stainmore" title="Battle of Stainmore">Battle of Stainmore</a> beside <a href="/wiki/Eric_Bloodaxe" title="Eric Bloodaxe">Eric Bloodaxe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECannon2009Stainmore,_battle_of,_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECannon2009Stainmore,_battle_of,-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muir (2005) has a death date for Thorfinn of 976, which leaves only four years for three subsequent jarls to rule before his son Hlodvir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muir (2005) dates the meeting of Ljot's brother Skuli with <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm II of Scotland">Malcolm II</a> to 978. Subsequent to that Skuli and "Earl MacBeth" fought two battles with Ljot. Skuli was killed in the first, Ljot in the second.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200521_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200521-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canmore_(database)" title="Canmore (database)">Canmore</a> states that the battle at Skitten Mire where Ljot Thorfinnsson was mortally wounded took place "between 943 and 945" although this does not square with either Muir (2005) or Earl Thorfinn (his father) dying <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 963</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woolf (2007) implies Hlodvir's death may have taken place earlier as his son Sigurd "may well have been an active leader since the 980s".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007307_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007307-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"He died in his bed not long after his father's death" and is not referred to in an incident dated to 1018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"When Thorfinn came of age he asked Earl Einar for a third of the islands".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200545_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200545-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thorfinn is said to have been five years old when his father died at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Battle of Clontarf</a> in 1014.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1992Chapter_99_"History_Of_The_Earls_Of_Orkney"._10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson1992Chapter_99_"History_Of_The_Earls_Of_Orkney".-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">Blazon</a>: "Azure, a <a href="/wiki/Lymphad" title="Lymphad">lymphad</a> at anchor or flagged gules sails furled argent oars erect in saltire within a double tressure flory of the second" as shown today in the 1st quarter of the arms of Sinclair, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Caithness" title="Earl of Caithness">Earl of Caithness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crawford (2013) states that there was no Earl of either Orkney or Caithness from c. 1350 to 1379<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201326_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201326-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but later in the text elaborates on Erengisle Sunesson's status as earl from 1353-1360.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible Sunesson never actually visited the earldom although he continued to use the title for decades after the death of his wife prior to 1360, at which point his rights to it would have ceased.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013322_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013322-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201315,_73,_143-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201315,_73,_143_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, pp. 15, 73, 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201383-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201383_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013165-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013165_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008132-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008132_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008132_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner1978FA_330-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner1978FA_330_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRadner1978">Radner (1978)</a>, FA 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200822-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200822_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005Preface:_Genealogical_table_of_the_Earls_of_Orkney_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, Preface: Genealogical table of the Earls of Orkney</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Chapter_4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Chapter_4_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPálssonEdwards1981">Pálsson & Edwards (1981)</a>, p. 10, Chapter 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson1992Chapter_99_"History_Of_The_Earls_Of_Orkney".-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1992Chapter_99_"History_Of_The_Earls_Of_Orkney"._10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1992Chapter_99_"History_Of_The_Earls_Of_Orkney"._10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSturluson1992">Sturluson (1992)</a>, Chapter 99 "History Of The Earls Of Orkney".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Chapter_5_"A_poisoned_tooth"-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Chapter_5_"A_poisoned_tooth"_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPálssonEdwards1981">Pálsson & Edwards (1981)</a>, p. 10, Chapter 5 "A poisoned tooth"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200830quoting_chapter_5_of_the_''Orkneyinga_saga''.-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200830quoting_chapter_5_of_the_''Orkneyinga_saga''._12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 30, quoting chapter 5 of the <i>Orkneyinga saga</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200829-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200829_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmyth1984153-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmyth1984153_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmyth1984153_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmyth1984">Smyth (1984)</a>, p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007307-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007307_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007307_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf2007">Woolf (2007)</a>, p. 307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStølen1988259-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStølen1988259_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStølen1988">Stølen (1988)</a>, p. 259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsenSulebust1994213-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsenSulebust1994213_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsenSulebust1994">Larsen & Sulebust (1994)</a>, p. 213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford1987221-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford1987221_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford1987">Crawford (1987)</a>, p. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Introduction-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPálssonEdwards198110Introduction_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPálssonEdwards1981">Pálsson & Edwards (1981)</a>, p. 10, Introduction</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeuermann2011148–49-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeuermann2011148–49_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeuermann2011">Beuermann (2011)</a>, pp. 148–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2005127-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2005127_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford198754-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198754_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198754_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198754_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198754_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford1987">Crawford (1987)</a>, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford198755-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford198755_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford1987">Crawford (1987)</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnston393-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnston393_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnston, A.W. (July 1916) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25518943">"Orkneyinga Saga"</a>. JSTOR/<i>The Scottish Historical Review</i>. Vol. 13, No. 52. p. 393. Retrieved 27 January 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClouston191815-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClouston191815_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClouston191815_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClouston191815_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClouston1918">Clouston (1918)</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECannon2009Stainmore,_battle_of,-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECannon2009Stainmore,_battle_of,_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECannon2009Stainmore,_battle_of,_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCannon2009">Cannon (2009)</a>, Stainmore, battle of,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200521-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200521_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/8852/details/upper+bowertower+stone+lud/">"Upper Bowertower, Stone Lud"</a>. Canmore. Retrieved 27 January 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200527-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200527_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007243_quoting_the_''[[Annals_of_Ulster]]''-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolf2007243_quoting_the_''[[Annals_of_Ulster]]''_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoolf2007">Woolf (2007)</a>, p. 243 quoting the <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Ulster" title="Annals of Ulster">Annals of Ulster</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200544–45-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200544–45_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, pp. 44–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200547:-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200547:_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, p. 47:"Earl Brusi died in the early 1030s."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200545-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200545_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200553-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200553_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200882-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200882_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200561-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200561_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir200563-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200563_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir200563_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2005">Muir (2005)</a>, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008101_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008103-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008103_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson200889-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200889_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200889_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200889_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson200889_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008128-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008128_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008128_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201326-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201326_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201326_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013280–81_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, pp. 280–81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013282-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013282_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013293-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013293_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 293</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013307,_429-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013307,_429_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, pp. 307, 429</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008145–46-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008145–46_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008145–46_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, pp. 145–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013307,_427-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013307,_427_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, pp. 307, 427</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013429-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013429_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 429</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage (1968) p. 206, as shown in 1st quarter of arms of Sinclair, Earl of Caithness.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moule, Thomas (1842) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heraldryoffishno00mouluoft/page/175"><i>Heraldry of Fish: Notices of the Principal Families Bearing Fish in Their Arms</i></a> London, p. 175, retrieved 14 April 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008149–50-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008149–50_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, pp. 149–50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013317–20-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013317–20_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013317–20_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, pp. 317–20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013320_63-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013322-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013322_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013322_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 322</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013321-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013321_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013327–28-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013327–28_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, pp. 327–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013328-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013328_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, p. 328</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford2013319–322-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford2013319–322_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford (2013)</a>, pp. 319–322</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson2008220-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson2008220_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson2008">Thomson (2008)</a>, p. 220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/2525/details/kirkwall+castle/">"Kirkwall, Castle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canmore_(database)" title="Canmore (database)">CANMORE</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Ancient_and_Historical_Monuments_of_Scotland" title="Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland">Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CANMORE&rft.atitle=Kirkwall%2C+Castle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F2525%2Fdetails%2Fkirkwall%2Bcastle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/complete_holdings/ead/html/StJohn_2013.shtml">"Peter St. John"</a> University of Manitoba. Retrieved 1 April 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeuermann2011" class="citation cs2">Beuermann, Ian (2011), "Jarla Sǫgur Orkneyja. Status and power of the earls of Orkney according to their sagas", in Steinsland, Gro; Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar; Rekdal, Jan Erik; et al. (eds.), <i>Ideology and power in the viking and middle ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes</i>, The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 A.D. Peoples, Economics and Cultures, vol. 52, <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20506-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20506-2"><bdi>978-90-04-20506-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jarla+S%C7%ABgur+Orkneyja.+Status+and+power+of+the+earls+of+Orkney+according+to+their+sagas&rft.btitle=Ideology+and+power+in+the+viking+and+middle+ages%3A+Scandinavia%2C+Iceland%2C+Ireland%2C+Orkney+and+the+Faeroes&rft.series=The+Northern+World%3A+North+Europe+and+the+Baltic+c.+400%E2%80%931700+A.D.+Peoples%2C+Economics+and+Cultures&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20506-2&rft.aulast=Beuermann&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannon2009" class="citation cs2">Cannon, John (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199567638.001.0001/acref-9780199567638-e-4014"><i>The Oxford Companion to British History</i></a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-956763-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-956763-8"><bdi>978-0-19-956763-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+British+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-956763-8&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199567638.001.0001%2Facref-9780199567638-e-4014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClouston1918" class="citation cs2">Clouston, J. 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(1987), <i>Scandinavian Scotland</i>, Leicester University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7185-1197-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7185-1197-2"><bdi>0-7185-1197-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scandinavian+Scotland&rft.pub=Leicester+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-7185-1197-2&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Barbara+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2013" class="citation cs2">Crawford, Barbara E. (2013), <i>The Northern Earldoms</i>, Edinburgh: John Donald, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/97819-0460-7915" title="Special:BookSources/97819-0460-7915"><bdi>97819-0460-7915</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Earldoms&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=John+Donald&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=97819-0460-7915&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Barbara+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsenSulebust1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Larsen, Stein Ugelvik; Sulebust, Jarle (1994). <i>I balansepunktet: Sunnmøres eldste historie</i> (in Norwegian). Sunnmørsposten Forlag (with Studiegruppa for Sunnmøre, Universitetet i Bergen). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-91450-00-5" title="Special:BookSources/82-91450-00-5"><bdi>82-91450-00-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+balansepunktet%3A+Sunnm%C3%B8res+eldste+historie&rft.pub=Sunnm%C3%B8rsposten+Forlag+%28with+Studiegruppa+for+Sunnm%C3%B8re%2C+Universitetet+i+Bergen%29&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=82-91450-00-5&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Stein+Ugelvik&rft.au=Sulebust%2C+Jarle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir2005" class="citation cs2">Muir, Tom (2005), <i>Orkney in the Sagas: The Story of the Earldom of Orkney as told in the Icelandic Sagas</i>, Kirkwall: The Orcadian, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0954886232" title="Special:BookSources/0954886232"><bdi>0954886232</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orkney+in+the+Sagas%3A+The+Story+of+the+Earldom+of+Orkney+as+told+in+the+Icelandic+Sagas&rft.place=Kirkwall&rft.pub=The+Orcadian&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0954886232&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPálssonEdwards1981" class="citation cs2"><i>Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_P%C3%A1lsson" title="Hermann Pálsson">Pálsson, Hermann</a>; Edwards, Paul Geoffrey, London: Penguin, 1981, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044383-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044383-5"><bdi>0-14-044383-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orkneyinga+Saga%3A+The+History+of+the+Earls+of+Orkney&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-14-044383-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadner1978" class="citation web cs1">Radner, Joan N., ed. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100017/">"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland"</a>. <i>CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts</i>. Translated by Radner, Joan N. University College Cork<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CELT%3A+Corpus+of+Electronic+Texts&rft.atitle=Fragmentary+Annals+of+Ireland&rft.date=1978&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Fcelt%2Fpublished%2FT100017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStølen1988" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stølen, Anders (1988). "Frå Jarleætta på Sunnmøre til Blindheim-ætta og Smør-ætta". <i>Norsk Slekthistorisk Tidsskrift</i> (in Norwegian). <b>31</b>: <span class="nowrap">259–</span>277. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-2141">0029-2141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Norsk+Slekthistorisk+Tidsskrift&rft.atitle=Fr%C3%A5+Jarle%C3%A6tta+p%C3%A5+Sunnm%C3%B8re+til+Blindheim-%C3%A6tta+og+Sm%C3%B8r-%C3%A6tta&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E259-%3C%2Fspan%3E277&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0029-2141&rft.aulast=St%C3%B8len&rft.aufirst=Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturluson1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Sturluson, Snorri</a> (1992), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heimskringla00snor"><i>Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway</i></a></span>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Lee_M._Hollander" title="Lee M. Hollander">Hollander, Lee M.</a>, Austin: University of Texas Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-73061-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-73061-6"><bdi>0-292-73061-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heimskringla%3A+History+of+the+Kings+of+Norway&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-292-73061-6&rft.aulast=Sturluson&rft.aufirst=Snorri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheimskringla00snor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmyth1984" class="citation cs2">Smyth, Alfred P. (1984), <i>Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000</i>, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-0100-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-0100-7"><bdi>0-7486-0100-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warlords+and+Holy+Men%3A+Scotland+AD+80%E2%80%931000&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-7486-0100-7&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.aufirst=Alfred+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson2008" class="citation cs2">Thomson, William P. L. (2008), <i>The New History of Orkney</i>, Edinburgh: Birlinn, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84158-696-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84158-696-0"><bdi>978-1-84158-696-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+History+of+Orkney&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Birlinn&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84158-696-0&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=William+P.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolf2007" class="citation cs2">Woolf, Alex (2007), <i>From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070</i>, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1234-5"><bdi>978-0-7486-1234-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Pictland+to+Alba%2C+789%E2%80%931070&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-1234-5&rft.aulast=Woolf&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+of+Orkney" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orkneyjar.com/index.html">Orkneyjar</a> The Heritage of the Orkney Islands</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scandinavian_Scotland236" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Template:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Template talk:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scandinavian_Scotland236" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Scandinavian Scotland">Scandinavian Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="List of rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles">List of kings</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Earls of Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crovan_dynasty" title="Crovan dynasty">Crovan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Argyll" title="Lord of Argyll">Lords of Argyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Caithness" title="Mormaer of Caithness">Mormaers of Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)" title="Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)">Aud the Deep-Minded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth%C3%B3c,_Prioress_of_Iona" title="Bethóc, Prioress of Iona">Bethóc, Prioress of Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bja%C3%B0%C7%ABk" title="Bjaðǫk">Bjaðǫk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacht_ingen_Ragnaill" title="Cacht ingen Ragnaill">Cacht ingen Ragnaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gormflaith_ingen_Murchada" class="mw-redirect" title="Gormflaith ingen Murchada">Gormflaith ingen Murchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnhild,_Mother_of_Kings" title="Gunnhild, Mother of Kings">Gunnhild Gormsdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helga_Moddansd%C3%B3ttir" title="Helga Moddansdóttir">Helga Moddansdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Norway" title="Ingeborg of Norway">Ingeborg of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Bruce" title="Isabel Bruce">Isabel Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Muire_ingen_Amla%C3%ADb" title="Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb">Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway" title="Margaret, Maid of Norway">Margaret, Maid of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Scotland,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway">Margaret, Queen of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhild_Eriksdotter" title="Ragnhild Eriksdotter">Ragnhild Eriksdotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhildis_Olafsdottir" title="Ragnhildis Olafsdottir">Ragnhildis Olafsdottir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caittil_Find" title="Caittil Find">Caittil Find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingimundr_(eleventh_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingimundr (eleventh century)">Ingimundr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj%C3%B3t%C3%B3lfr" title="Ljótólfr">Ljótólfr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_the_White" title="Olaf the White">Olaf the White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olvir_Rosta" title="Olvir Rosta">Olvir Rosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ll_B%C3%A1lkason" title="Páll Bálkason">Páll Bálkason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall ua Ímair">Ragnall ua Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Asleifsson" title="Sweyn Asleifsson">Sweyn Asleifsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorbjorn_Thorsteinsson" title="Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson">Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_the_Red" title="Thorstein the Red">Thorstein the Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Gall-Ghàidheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochlann" title="Lochlann">Lochlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Orkney" title="History of Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Outer Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shetland" title="History of Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidian_Revolution" title="Davidian Revolution">Davidian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War" title="Scottish–Norwegian War">Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway" title="History of Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornish" title="Bornish">Bornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birsay" title="Birsay">Birsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Kirkwall" title="Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall">Bishop's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough_of_Birsay" title="Brough of Birsay">Brough of Birsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camas_Uig" title="Camas Uig">Camas Uig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubbie_Roo%27s_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubbie Roo's Castle">Cubbie Roo's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl%27s_Bu" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl's Bu">Earl's Bu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarlshof" title="Jarlshof">Jarlshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwall_Castle" title="Kirkwall Castle">Kirkwall Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linton_Chapel" title="Linton Chapel">Linton Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeshowe" title="Maeshowe">Maeshowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Scatness" title="Old Scatness">Old Scatness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_an_Eilean_Mh%C3%B2ir_boat_burial" title="Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial">Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubha_an_D%C3%B9nain" title="Rubha an Dùnain">Rubha an Dùnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scar_boat_burial" title="Scar boat burial">Scar boat burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Church,_Egilsay" title="St Magnus Church, Egilsay">St Magnus Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artifacts and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birlinn" title="Birlinn">Birlinn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Mann" title="Chronicles of Mann">Chronicles of Mann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darra%C3%B0arlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Darraðarljóð">Darraðarljóð</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloway_Hoard" title="Galloway Hoard">Galloway Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogback_(sculpture)" title="Hogback (sculpture)">Hogbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_runestones" title="Manx runestones">Manx runestones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orkneyinga_saga" title="Orkneyinga saga">Orkneyinga saga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounceland" title="Ounceland">Ounceland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sen_dollotar_Ulaid_..." class="mw-redirect" title="Sen dollotar Ulaid ...">Sen dollotar Ulaid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Cathedral" title="St Magnus Cathedral">St Magnus Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">Althings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delting" title="Delting">Delting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall" title="Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Ting_Holm" title="Law Ting Holm">Law Ting Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunnasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunnasting">Lunnasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesting,_Shetland" title="Nesting, Shetland">Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandsting" title="Sandsting">Sandsting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingwall,_Shetland" title="Tingwall, Shetland">Tingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language">Norn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Etymology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_island_names" title="Scottish island names">Scottish island names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles#Island_names" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrides#Etymology" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles and treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bauds" title="Battle of Bauds">Bauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Brunanburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dollar" title="Battle of Dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barry" title="Battle of Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Epiphany" title="Battle of Epiphany">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Battle of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Largs" title="Battle of Largs">Largs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Renfrew" title="Battle of Renfrew">Renfrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skyhill" title="Battle of Skyhill">Skyhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Tara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestraj%C7%ABr%C3%B0r" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestrajǫrðr">Vestrajǫrðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot#First_Irish_Sea_campaign" title="Magnus Barefoot">Treaty of 1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Associated clans and septs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Gunn" title="Clan Gunn">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Somhairle" title="Clann Somhairle">Somhairle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaulay_family_of_Lewis" title="Macaulay family of Lewis">Macaulay of Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotter_family" title="Cotter family">Mac Coitir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacDougall" title="Clan MacDougall">MacDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">MacLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Macruari" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan Macruari">Macruari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_earldoms_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland1033" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extant_British_earldoms" title="Template:Extant British earldoms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extant_British_earldoms" title="Template talk:Extant British earldoms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extant_British_earldoms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extant British earldoms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_earldoms_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland1033" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earls_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland" title="List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland">Extant earldoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">England</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England"><img alt="Kingdom of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="Earl of Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Derby" title="Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="Earl of Huntingdon">Huntingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Earl of Pembroke">Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Devon" title="Earl of Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lincoln" title="Earl of Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Earl of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Montgomery" title="Earl of Montgomery">Montgomery</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Denbigh" title="Earl of Denbigh">Denbigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Earl of Westmorland">Westmorland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Berkshire" title="Earl of Berkshire">Berkshire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lindsey" title="Earl of Lindsey">Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Winchilsea" title="Earl of Winchilsea">Winchelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Sandwich" title="Earl of Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Essex" title="Earl of Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Carlisle" title="Earl of Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Earl of Shaftesbury">Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Earl of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Abingdon" title="Earl of Abingdon">Abingdon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Portland" title="Earl of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Scarbrough" title="Earl of Scarbrough">Scarbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Albemarle" title="Earl of Albemarle">Albemarle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Coventry" title="Earl of Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Jersey" title="Earl of Jersey">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/80px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/120px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/160px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Scotland</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland"><img alt="Kingdom of Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Sutherland" title="Earl of Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Crawford" title="Earl of Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Mar" title="Earl of Mar">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Erroll" title="Earl of Erroll">Erroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Caithness" title="Earl of Caithness">Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Morton" title="Earl of Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rothes" title="Earl of Rothes">Rothes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Buchan" title="Earl of Buchan">Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Eglinton" title="Earl of Eglinton">Eglinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Moray" title="Earl of Moray">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Mar" title="Earl of Mar">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Home" title="Earl of Home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Perth" title="Earl of Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne" title="Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne">Strathmore and Kinghorne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kellie" title="Earl of Kellie">Kellie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Haddington" title="Earl of Haddington">Haddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Galloway" title="Earl of Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lauderdale" title="Earl of Lauderdale">Lauderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lindsay" title="Earl of Lindsay">Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Loudoun" title="Earl of Loudoun">Loudoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kinnoull" title="Earl of Kinnoull">Kinnoull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Elgin" title="Earl of Elgin">Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Wemyss" title="Earl of Wemyss">Wemyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Dalhousie" title="Earl of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Airlie" title="Earl of Airlie">Airlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Leven" title="Earl of Leven">Leven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Dysart" title="Earl of Dysart">Dysart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Selkirk" title="Earl of Selkirk">Selkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Northesk" title="Earl of Northesk">Northesk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kincardine" title="Earl of Kincardine">Kincardine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Balcarres" title="Earl of Balcarres">Balcarres</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Newburgh" title="Earl of Newburgh">Newburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Dundee" title="Earl of Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Annandale_and_Hartfell" title="Earl of Annandale and Hartfell">Annandale and Hartfell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Earl of Dundonald">Dundonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kintore" title="Earl of Kintore">Kintore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Dunmore" title="Earl of Dunmore">Dunmore</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Melville" title="Earl of Melville">Melville</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orkney</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_March" title="Earl of March">March</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Seafield" title="Earl of Seafield">Seafield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Stair" title="Earl of Stair">Stair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Glasgow" title="Earl of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Great_Britain" title="Peerage of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Ferrers" title="Earl Ferrers">Ferrers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="Earl of Dartmouth">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Tankerville" title="Earl of Tankerville">Tankerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Aylesford" title="Earl of Aylesford">Aylesford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Macclesfield" title="Earl of Macclesfield">Macclesfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Waldegrave" title="Earl Waldegrave">Waldegrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Harrington" title="Earl of Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Portsmouth" title="Earl of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Warwick" title="Earl of Warwick">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Buckinghamshire" title="Earl of Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Guilford" title="Earl of Guilford">Guilford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Hardwicke" title="Earl of Hardwicke">Hardwicke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Ilchester" title="Earl of Ilchester">Ilchester</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Warwick" title="Earl of Warwick">Warwick</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_De_La_Warr" title="Earl De La Warr">De La Warr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Radnor" title="Earl of Radnor">Radnor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Spencer_(title)" title="Earl Spencer (title)">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Bathurst" title="Earl Bathurst">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Mansfield" title="Earl of Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_Talbot" title="Earl Talbot">Talbot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Mount_Edgcumbe" title="Earl of Mount Edgcumbe">Mount Edgcumbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Fortescue" title="Earl Fortescue">Fortescue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Mansfield" title="Earl of Mansfield">Mansfield</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Carnarvon" title="Earl of Carnarvon">Carnarvon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Cadogan" title="Earl Cadogan">Cadogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Ireland</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland"><img alt="Kingdom of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/23px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/35px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/46px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="Earl of Shrewsbury">Waterford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cork" title="Earl of Cork">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Westmeath" title="Earl of Westmeath">Westmeath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Meath" title="Earl of Meath">Meath</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Desmond" title="Earl of Desmond">Desmond</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cavan" title="Earl of Cavan">Cavan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Orrery" title="Earl of Orrery">Orrery</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Drogheda" title="Earl of Drogheda">Drogheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Granard" title="Earl of Granard">Granard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Darnley" title="Earl of Darnley">Darnley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Bessborough" title="Earl of Bessborough">Bessborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Carrick_(Ireland)" title="Earl of Carrick (Ireland)">Carrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Shannon" title="Earl of Shannon">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Arran_(Ireland)" title="Earl of Arran (Ireland)">Arran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Courtown" title="Earl of Courtown">Courtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Mexborough" title="Earl of Mexborough">Mexborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Winterton" title="Earl Winterton">Winterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kingston" title="Earl of Kingston">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Roden" title="Earl of Roden">Roden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lisburne" title="Earl of Lisburne">Lisburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Clanwilliam" title="Earl of Clanwilliam">Clanwilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Antrim" title="Earl of Antrim">Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Longford" title="Earl of Longford">Longford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Portarlington" title="Earl of Portarlington">Portarlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo" title="Earl of Mayo">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Annesley" title="Earl Annesley">Annesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Enniskillen" title="Earl of Enniskillen">Enniskillen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Erne" title="Earl Erne">Erne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lucan" title="Earl of Lucan">Lucan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Belmore" title="Earl Belmore">Belmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Castle_Stewart" title="Earl Castle Stewart">Castle Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Caledon" title="Earl of Caledon">Caledon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Donoughmore" title="Earl of Donoughmore">Donoughmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Limerick" title="Earl of Limerick">Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Clancarty" title="Earl of Clancarty">Clancarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rosse" title="Earl of Rosse">Rosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Gosford" title="Earl of Gosford">Gosford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Normanton" title="Earl of Normanton">Normanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kilmorey" title="Earl of Kilmorey">Kilmorey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Listowel" title="Earl of Listowel">Listowel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Norbury" title="Earl of Norbury">Norbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Ranfurly" title="Earl of Ranfurly">Ranfurly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rosslyn" title="Earl of Rosslyn">Rosslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Craven" title="Earl of Craven">Craven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Onslow" title="Earl of Onslow">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Romney" title="Earl of Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Chichester" title="Earl of Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Wilton" title="Earl of Wilton">Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Powis" title="Earl of Powis">Powis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Nelson" title="Earl Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Grey" title="Earl Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lonsdale" title="Earl of Lonsdale">Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Earl of Harrowby">Harrowby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Harewood" title="Earl of Harewood">Harewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Minto" title="Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Cathcart" title="Earl Cathcart">Cathcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Verulam" title="Earl of Verulam">Verulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_St_Germans" title="Earl of St Germans">St Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Morley" title="Earl of Morley">Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Bradford" title="Earl of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Eldon" title="Earl of Eldon">Eldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Howe" title="Earl Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Stradbroke" title="Earl of Stradbroke">Stradbroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Temple_of_Stowe" title="Earl Temple of Stowe">Temple of Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Cawdor" title="Earl Cawdor">Cawdor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lichfield" title="Earl of Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Durham" title="Earl of Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Granville" title="Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Effingham" title="Earl of Effingham">Effingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Ducie" title="Earl of Ducie">Ducie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Yarborough" title="Earl of Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Leicester" title="Earl of Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Gainsborough" title="Earl of Gainsborough">Gainsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Strafford" title="Earl of Strafford">Strafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cottenham" title="Earl of Cottenham">Cottenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Cowley" title="Earl Cowley">Cowley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Winton" title="Earl of Winton">Winton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Dudley" title="Earl of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Russell" title="Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cromartie" title="Earl of Cromartie">Cromartie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kimberley" title="Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Wharncliffe" title="Earl of Wharncliffe">Wharncliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Cairns" title="Earl Cairns">Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lytton" title="Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Selborne" title="Earl of Selborne">Selborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Earl of Iddesleigh">Iddesleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cranbrook" title="Earl of Cranbrook">Cranbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cromer" title="Earl of Cromer">Cromer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Plymouth" title="Earl of Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Earl of Rosebery">Midlothian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Earl St Aldwyn">St Aldwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Beatty" title="Earl Beatty">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Haig" title="Earl Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Iveagh" title="Earl of Iveagh">Iveagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Balfour" title="Earl of Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Oxford_and_Asquith" title="Earl of Oxford and Asquith">Oxford and Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Jellicoe" title="Earl Jellicoe">Jellicoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Inchcape" title="Earl of Inchcape">Inchcape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Peel" title="Earl Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne" title="Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne">Strathmore and Kinghorne</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Baldwin_of_Bewdley" title="Earl Baldwin of Bewdley">Baldwin of Bewdley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Halifax" title="Earl of Halifax">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Gowrie" title="Earl of Gowrie">Gowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Lloyd-George_of_Dwyfor" title="Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor">Lloyd-George of Dwyfor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Mountbatten of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis" title="Earl Alexander of Tunis">Alexander of Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Swinton" title="Earl of Swinton">Swinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Attlee" title="Earl Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Woolton" title="Earl of Woolton">Woolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Snowdon" title="Earl of Snowdon">Snowdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Stockton" title="Earl of Stockton">Stockton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i>: This title is held by a peer who holds another earldom of higher precedence.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&oldid=1257057266">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Orkney&oldid=1257057266</a>"</div></div> <div 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