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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Site </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 Design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_alternatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_alternatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.3 Proposed alternatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_alternatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previous_temporary_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_temporary_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.4 Previous temporary sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_temporary_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Construction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Opening </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Early years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refurbishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refurbishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Refurbishment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refurbishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 International character </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_character-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International character subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extraterritoriality_and_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraterritoriality_and_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Extraterritoriality and security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extraterritoriality_and_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency_and_postage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency_and_postage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Currency and postage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency_and_postage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Structures </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structures subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_Assembly_Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Assembly_Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 General Assembly Building </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Assembly_Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conference_Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conference_Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Conference Building </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conference_Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretariat_Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretariat_Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Secretariat Building </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretariat_Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dag_Hammarskjöld_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dag_Hammarskjöld_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Dag Hammarskjöld Library </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dag_Hammarskjöld_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Other buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_tower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_tower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Proposed tower </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_tower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_collection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_collection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Art collection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_collection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relocation_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relocation_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Relocation proposals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relocation_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_gatherings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_gatherings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Public gatherings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_gatherings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Headquarters of the United Nations</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="مقر الأمم المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقر الأمم المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birl%C9%99%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r_T%C9%99%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Ba%C5%9F_Q%C9%99rargah%C4%B1" title="Birləşmiş Millətlər Təşkilatının Baş Qərargahı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birləşmiş Millətlər Təşkilatının Baş Qərargahı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markas_Ageng_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Markas Ageng Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Markas Ageng Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0" title="জাতিসংঘ সদর দপ্তর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাতিসংঘ সদর দপ্তর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%90%D0%9D" title="Штаб-кватэра ААН – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Штаб-кватэра ААН" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seu_de_les_Nacions_Unides" title="Seu de les Nacions Unides – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Seu de les Nacions Unides" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budova_Organizace_spojen%C3%BDch_n%C3%A1rod%C5%AF" title="Budova Organizace spojených národů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Budova Organizace spojených národů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN%27s_hovedkvarter" title="FN's hovedkvarter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="FN's hovedkvarter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNO-Hauptquartier" title="UNO-Hauptquartier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="UNO-Hauptquartier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9CRO_peakorter" title="ÜRO peakorter – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="ÜRO peakorter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sede_de_la_Organizaci%C3%B3n_de_las_Naciones_Unidas" title="Sede de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sede de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidejo_de_UN" title="Sidejo de UN – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sidejo de UN" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Egoitza" title="Nazio Batuen Egoitza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazio Batuen Egoitza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="مقر سازمان ملل متحد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقر سازمان ملل متحد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_des_Nations_unies" title="Siège des Nations unies – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siège des Nations unies" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%EB%B3%B8%EB%B6%80" title="유엔 본부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유엔 본부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D4%B1%D4%BF-%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="ՄԱԿ-ի գլխավոր գրասենյակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՄԱԿ-ի գլխավոր գրասենյակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="संयुक्त राष्ट्र मुख्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संयुक्त राष्ट्र मुख्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjedi%C5%A1te_Ujedinjenih_naroda" title="Sjedište Ujedinjenih naroda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjedište Ujedinjenih naroda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markas_Besar_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Markas Besar Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Markas Besar Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0st%C3%B6%C3%B0var_Sameinu%C3%B0u_%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0anna" title="Höfuðstöðvar Sameinuðu þjóðanna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Höfuðstöðvar Sameinuðu þjóðanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufficio_delle_Nazioni_Unite_a_New_York" title="Ufficio delle Nazioni Unite a New York – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ufficio delle Nazioni Unite a New York" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מטה האומות המאוחדות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטה האומות המאוחדות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apvienoto_N%C4%81ciju_Organiz%C4%81cijas_%C4%93ka" title="Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas ēka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas ēka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Седиште на Обединетите нации – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Седиште на Обединетите нации" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_pejabat_Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Ibu pejabat Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibu pejabat Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoofdkwartier_van_de_Verenigde_Naties" 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sede_da_Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas" title="Sede da Organização das Nações Unidas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sede da Organização das Nações Unidas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediul_Central_al_Na%C8%9Biunilor_Unite" title="Sediul Central al Națiunilor Unite – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sediul Central al Națiunilor Unite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D" title="Штаб-квартира ООН – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Штаб-квартира ООН" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selia_e_Kombeve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Selia e Kombeve të Bashkuara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Selia e Kombeve të Bashkuara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානයේ මූලස්ථානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානයේ මූලස්ථානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Headquarters of the United Nations" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li 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naroda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjedište Ujedinjenih naroda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdistyneiden_kansakuntien_p%C3%A4%C3%A4maja" title="Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien päämaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien päämaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6renta_nationernas_h%C3%B6gkvarter" title="Förenta nationernas högkvarter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förenta nationernas högkvarter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&params=40_44_58_N_73_58_5_W_type:landmark">40°44′58″N 73°58′5″W / 40.74944°N 73.96806°W / 40.74944; -73.96806</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Conference_Building&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">United Nations Conference Building</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of buildings in New York City</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Headquarters of the United Nations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Midtown_Manhattan_Skyline_004_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Midtown_Manhattan_Skyline_004_%28cropped%29.jpg/275px-Midtown_Manhattan_Skyline_004_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Midtown_Manhattan_Skyline_004_%28cropped%29.jpg/413px-Midtown_Manhattan_Skyline_004_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Midtown_Manhattan_Skyline_004_%28cropped%29.jpg/550px-Midtown_Manhattan_Skyline_004_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2257" data-file-height="1692" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">View of the complex from <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_City" title="Long Island City">Long Island City</a> in 2021; from left to right: the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly</a> buildings</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_f6a04b673aac4031d78cd122bf2676124d7e4330"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&revid=1257357130&groups=_f6a04b673aac4031d78cd122bf2676124d7e4330" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&revid=1257357130&groups=_f6a04b673aac4031d78cd122bf2676124d7e4330 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: مقر الأمم المتحدة</li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 联合国总部大楼</li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Siège des Nations unies</li><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Штаб-квартира Организации Объединённых Наций</li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Sede de las Naciones Unidas</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern architecture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_zone" title="International zone">international zone</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data">760 United Nations Plaza, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York City, New York, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&params=40_44_58_N_73_58_5_W_type:landmark">40°44′58″N 73°58′5″W / 40.74944°N 73.96806°W / 40.74944; -73.96806</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Groundbreaking</th><td class="infobox-data">September 14, 1948; 76 years ago (1948-09-14)<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Breaks-Ground-1948-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">1948; 76 years ago (1948)<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Breaks-Ground-1948-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">October 9, 1952; 72 years ago (1952-10-09)<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost</th><td class="infobox-data">US$65 million (equivalent to $600 million in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">510 feet (155.3 m)<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor count</th><td class="infobox-data">39<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Board of designers mediated by <a href="/wiki/Harrison_%26_Abramovitz" title="Harrison & Abramovitz">Harrison & Abramovitz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main contractor</th><td class="infobox-data">Fuller, Turner, Slattery, and Walsh<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Companies-Join-1948-3">[3]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) is on 17 to 18 acres (6.9 to 7.3 ha) of grounds in the <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Turtle Bay, Manhattan">Turtle Bay</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. It borders <a href="/wiki/First_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="First Avenue (Manhattan)">First Avenue</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd Street</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/48th_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="48th Street (Manhattan)">48th Street</a> to the north, and the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> to the east.<a href="#cite_note-tours-4">[4]</a> Completed in 1952, the complex consists of several structures, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly</a> buildings, and the <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a>. The complex was designed by a board of <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architects</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Harrison" title="Wallace Harrison">Wallace Harrison</a> and built by the architectural firm <a href="/wiki/Harrison_%26_Abramovitz" title="Harrison & Abramovitz">Harrison & Abramovitz</a>, with final projects developed by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>. The term Turtle Bay is occasionally used as a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-fp-5">[5]</a> The headquarters holds the seats of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">principal organs</a> of the UN, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a>, but excluding the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, which is seated in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>. The United Nations has three additional subsidiary regional headquarters or headquarters districts. These were opened in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Geneva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>) in 1946, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Vienna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>) in 1980, and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Nairobi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>) in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-vienna-7">[7]</a> These adjunct offices help represent UN interests, facilitate diplomatic activities, and enjoy certain <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritorial privileges</a>, but do not contain the seats of major organs. Although the structure is physically situated in the United States, the land occupied by the United Nations headquarters and the spaces of buildings that it rents are under the sole administration of the United Nations. They are technically <a href="/wiki/Extraterritorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterritorial">extraterritorial</a> through a treaty agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United States">U.S. government</a>. However, in exchange for local police, fire protection, and other services, the United Nations agrees to acknowledge most local, state, and federal laws.<a href="#cite_note-kelsen-8">[8]</a> None of the United Nations' 15 <a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">specialized agencies</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, are located at the headquarters. However, some <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System#Funds_and_programmes,_research_and_training_institutes,_and_other_bodies" title="United Nations System">autonomous subsidiary organs</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>, are based at the UN's headquarters in New York City. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planning">Planning</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Planning">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Site">Site</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Site">edit</a>]</div> The headquarters of the United Nations occupies a site beside the East River between <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd</a> and 48th Streets, on between 17 and 18 acres (6.9 and 7.3 ha)<a href="#cite_note-11">[a]</a> of land purchased from the real estate developer <a href="/wiki/William_Zeckendorf" title="William Zeckendorf">William Zeckendorf</a> Sr.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UN-Ideas-2010-12">[11]</a> At the time, the site was part of <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Turtle Bay, Manhattan">Turtle Bay</a>, which contained <a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">slaughterhouses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenement</a> buildings, as well as the original <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Faber_Pencil_Factory" title="Eberhard Faber Pencil Factory">Eberhard Faber Pencil Factory</a><a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc2-9">[9]</a> and, by the 1910s, a gas company building on the site of the current UN headquarters. The development of <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton Place (Manhattan)">Sutton Place</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beekman_Place" title="Beekman Place">Beekman Place</a>, north of the current UN site, came in the 1920s. A <a href="/wiki/Yacht_club" title="Yacht club">yacht club</a> on the site was proposed in 1925, but it proved to be too expensive.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UN-Ideas-2010-12">[11]</a> In 1946, Zeckendorf purchased the land with the intention to create a futuristic, self-contained city called "X City" on the site.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-FYI-2003-10">[10]</a> This complex was to contain an office building and a hotel, each 57 stories tall, and an entertainment complex between them. X City would have also had smaller apartment and office towers.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UN-Ideas-2010-12">[11]</a> However, the US$8.5 million ($86 million in 2023) for X City never materialized, and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> purchased an option for Zeckendorf's waterfront land in Turtle Bay. The purchase was funded by Nelson's father, <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">John D. Rockefeller Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-wp-2002-11-272-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._13-14">[13]</a> The Rockefeller family owned the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_City" title="Tudor City">Tudor City</a> Apartments across First Avenue from the Zeckendorf site.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-FYI-2003-10">[10]</a> The city, in turn, spent $5 million ($51 million in 2023) on clearing the land.<a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc2-9">[9]</a> Rockefeller donated the site to the UN in December 1946.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._13-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._607-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> The UN accepted this donation, despite the objections of several prominent architects such as <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._13-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._607-15">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Design">Design</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_HQ_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/United_Nations_HQ_Map.png/410px-United_Nations_HQ_Map.png" decoding="async" width="410" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/United_Nations_HQ_Map.png/615px-United_Nations_HQ_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/United_Nations_HQ_Map.png/820px-United_Nations_HQ_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Map of the United Nations headquarters. The green rectangle is the <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a>, the purple rectangle is the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat</a>, the blue trapezoid is the <a href="#Conference_Building">Conference Building</a>, and the grey shape is the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="General Assembly of the United Nations">General Assembly Building</a>.</figcaption></figure> While the United Nations had dreamed of constructing an independent city for its new world capital, multiple obstacles soon forced the organization to downsize its plans. They ultimately decided to build on Rockefeller's East River plot, since the land was free and the land's owners were well known.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UN-Ideas-2010-12">[11]</a> The diminutive site on the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> necessitated a <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>–type vertical complex, thus, it was a given that the Secretariat would be housed in a tall office tower. During daily meetings from February to June 1947, the collaborative team produced at least 45 designs and variations. Rather than hold a competition for the design of the facilities for the headquarters, the UN decided to commission a multinational team of leading architects to collaborate on the design. <a href="/wiki/Wallace_K._Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace K. Harrison">Wallace K. Harrison</a> was named as Director of Planning, and a Board of Design Consultants was composed of architects, planners and engineers nominated by member governments. The board consisted of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Bassov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Bassov (page does not exist)">N. D. Bassov</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaston_Brunfaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaston Brunfaut (page does not exist)">Gaston Brunfaut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cormier" title="Ernest Cormier">Ernest Cormier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>), <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>), <a href="/wiki/Liang_Sicheng" title="Liang Sicheng">Liang Seu-cheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912-1949)">China</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sven_Markelius" title="Sven Markelius">Sven Markelius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>), <a href="/wiki/Howard_Robertson_(architect)" title="Howard Robertson (architect)">Howard Robertson</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>), <a href="/wiki/Garnet_Argyle_Soilleux" title="Garnet Argyle Soilleux">Garnet Argyle Soilleux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Julio_Vilamaj%C3%B3" title="Julio Vilamajó">Julio Vilamajó</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>).<a href="#cite_note-factsheet-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UN-Ideas-2010-12">[11]</a> The design process for the United Nations headquarters formally began in February 1947.<a href="#cite_note-AR_1947-03-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1291212043-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1947-02-26-20">[19]</a> Niemeyer met with Corbusier at the latter's request shortly after the former arrived in New York City. Corbusier had already been lobbying hard to promote his own scheme 23, and thus, requested that Niemeyer not submit a design, lest he further confuse the contentious meetings of the Board of Design. Instead, Corbusier asked the younger architect Niemeyer to assist him with his project. Niemeyer began to absent himself from the meetings. Only after Wallace Harrison and <a href="/wiki/Max_Abramovitz" title="Max Abramovitz">Max Abramovitz</a> repeatedly pressed him to participate did Niemeyer agree to submit his own project. Niemeyer's project 32 was finally chosen, but as opposed to Corbusier's project 23, which consisted of one building containing both the Assembly Hall and the councils in the center of the site (as it was hierarchically the most important building), Niemeyer's plan split the councils from the Assembly Hall, locating the first alongside the river, and the second on the right side of the secretariat. This would not split the site, but on the contrary, would create a large civic square.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dag_Hammarskjold_outside_the_UN_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dag_Hammarskjold_outside_the_UN_building.jpg/180px-Dag_Hammarskjold_outside_the_UN_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dag_Hammarskjold_outside_the_UN_building.jpg/270px-Dag_Hammarskjold_outside_the_UN_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dag_Hammarskjold_outside_the_UN_building.jpg/360px-Dag_Hammarskjold_outside_the_UN_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a> in front of the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a> (1950s)</figcaption></figure> After much discussion, Harrison, who coordinated the meetings, determined that a design based on Niemeyer's Project 32 and Le Corbusier's Project 23 would be developed for the final project. Le Corbusier's Project 23 consisted of a large block containing both the Assembly Hall and the Council Chambers near the center of the site with the Secretariat tower emerging as a slab from the south. Niemeyer's plan was closer to that constructed, with a distinctive General Assembly Building, a long low horizontal block housing the other meeting rooms, and a tall tower for the Secretariat.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UN-Ideas-2010-12">[11]</a> The Board of Design presented their final plans for the United Nations headquarters in May 1947. The plans called for a 45-story Secretariat tower at the south end of the site, a 30-story office building at the north end, and several low-rise structures (including the General Assembly Building) in between.<a href="#cite_note-p1318024597-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1947-05-22-23">[22]</a> The complex, as built, repositioned Niemeyer's General Assembly building to the north of this tripartite composition. This plan included a public plaza as well. The UN headquarters was originally proposed alongside a grand boulevard leading eastward from <a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">Third Avenue</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a>, between 46th Street to the south and 49th Street to the north. These plans were eventually downsized into <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Plaza" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza">Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza</a>, a small plaza on the south side of 47th Street east of Second Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UN-Ideas-2010-12">[11]</a> Wallace Harrison's assistant, architect George Dudley, later stated: "It literally took our breath away to see the simple plane of the site kept open from First Avenue to the River, only three structures on it, standing free, a fourth lying low behind them along the river's edge...[Niemeyer] also said, 'beauty will come from the buildings being in the right space!'. The comparison between Le Corbusier's heavy block and Niemeyer's startling, elegantly articulated composition seemed to me to be in everyone's mind..."<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Later on, Corbusier came once again to Niemeyer and asked him to reposition the Assembly Hall back to the center of the site. Such modification would destroy Niemeyer's plans for a large civic square. However, he finally decided to accept the modification; together, they submitted the scheme 23–32, which was built and is what can be seen today.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Along with suggestions from the other members of the Board of Design Consultants, this was developed into project 42G. This late project was built with some reductions and other modifications.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proposed_alternatives">Proposed alternatives</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Proposed alternatives">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Members_Flags2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/UN_Members_Flags2.JPG/220px-UN_Members_Flags2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/UN_Members_Flags2.JPG/330px-UN_Members_Flags2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/UN_Members_Flags2.JPG/440px-UN_Members_Flags2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Flags of the member states, arranged in alphabetical order</figcaption></figure> Many cities vied for the honor of hosting the UN Headquarters site, before the selection of New York City. The selection of the East River site came after over a year of protracted study and consideration of many sites in the United States. A powerful faction among the delegates advocated returning to <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">the former League of Nations complex</a> in Geneva, Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> A wide variety of suggestions were made, including such fanciful suggestions as a ship on the high seas to housing the entire complex in a single tall building. Amateur architects submitted designs, and local governments offered park areas, but the determined group of New York City boosters that included <a href="/wiki/Grover_Whalen" title="Grover Whalen">Grover Whalen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson" title="Thomas J. Watson">Thomas J. Watson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>, coordinated efforts with the Coordinator of Construction, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a>, and Mayor <a href="/wiki/William_O%27Dwyer" title="William O'Dwyer">William O'Dwyer</a>, to assemble acceptable interim facilities. Sites in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Francisco" title="Presidio of San Francisco">Presidio</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin County</a> in California; <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri; <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts; <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois; <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield County, Connecticut">Fairfield County, Connecticut</a>; <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows–Corona Park</a> in New York; <a href="/wiki/Tuskahoma,_Oklahoma" title="Tuskahoma, Oklahoma">Tuskahoma, Oklahoma</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hills" title="Black Hills">Black Hills</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>; <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_State_Park_(Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle Isle State Park (Michigan)">Belle Isle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan; and a site on <a href="/wiki/Navy_Island" title="Navy Island">Navy Island</a> straddling the US–Canada border were considered as potential sites for the UN Headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-Pennsylvania-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> San Francisco, where the UN was founded in 1945, was favored by <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> due to the city's proximity to their countries.<a href="#cite_note-Pennsylvania-28">[27]</a> The UN and many of its delegates seriously considered <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> for the headquarters; the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Philadelphia">government of Philadelphia</a> offered to donate land in several areas, including <a href="/wiki/Fairmount_Park" title="Fairmount Park">Fairmount Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra,_Philadelphia" title="Andorra, Philadelphia">Andorra</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Center_City,_Philadelphia" title="Center City, Philadelphia">Center City</a> location which would have placed the headquarters along a <a href="/wiki/Esplanade" title="Esplanade">mall</a> extending from <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a> to <a href="/wiki/Penn%27s_Landing" title="Penn's Landing">Penn's Landing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pennsylvania-28">[27]</a> The Manhattan site was ultimately chosen over Philadelphia after <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">John D. Rockefeller Jr.</a>, offered to donate $8.5 million to purchase the land along the East River.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Robert Moses and Rockefeller Sr. convinced <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> to buy the land after the Rockefellers' <a href="/wiki/Kykuit" title="Kykuit">Kykuit</a> estate in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_New_York" title="Mount Pleasant, New York">Mount Pleasant, New York</a>, was deemed too isolated from Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Previous_temporary_sites">Previous temporary sites</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Previous temporary sites">edit</a>]</div> In 1945–46, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> hosted the <a href="/wiki/First_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="First session of the United Nations General Assembly">first meeting</a> of the General Assembly in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Central_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Central Hall">Methodist Central Hall</a>, and the Security Council in <a href="/wiki/Church_House,_Westminster" title="Church House, Westminster">Church House</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Third_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Third session of the United Nations General Assembly">third</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly (page does not exist)">sixth</a> General Assembly sessions, in 1948 and 1951, met in the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Chaillot" title="Palais de Chaillot">Palais de Chaillot</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Prior to the completion of the current headquarters, the UN used part of a <a href="/wiki/Sperry_Gyroscope_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperry Gyroscope Company">Sperry Gyroscope Company</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Success,_New_York" title="Lake Success, New York">Lake Success, New York</a>, for most of its operations, including the Security Council, between 1946 and 1952.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-schifman-34">[33]</a> The Security Council also held sessions on what was then the <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a> campus of <a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a> (now the site of <a href="/wiki/Lehman_College" title="Lehman College">Lehman College</a>) from March to August 1946.<a href="#cite_note-lehman-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-story-36">[35]</a> Between 1946 and 1950, the General Assembly met at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Building">New York City Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows–Corona Park</a>, which had been built for the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a> and is now the site of the <a href="/wiki/Queens_Museum" title="Queens Museum">Queens Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a> reopened the former <a href="/wiki/Mets_%E2%80%93_Willets_Point_(LIRR_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mets – Willets Point (LIRR station)">World's Fair</a> station as <a href="/wiki/Mets_%E2%80%93_Willets_Point_(LIRR_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mets – Willets Point (LIRR station)">United Nations</a> station.<a href="#cite_note-aarts-39">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Construction">edit</a>]</div> Per an agreement with the city, the buildings met some but not all local fire safety and <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building codes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-factsheet-17">[16]</a> In April 1948, US President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> requested that <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> approve an interest-free loan of $65 million in order to fund construction.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1327415157-41">[40]</a> The US Congress authorized the loan on August 6, 1948, on the condition that the UN repay the loan in twelve monthly instalments between July 1951 and July 1952. Of the $65 million, $25 million was to be made available immediately from the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Finance_Corporation" title="Reconstruction Finance Corporation">Reconstruction Finance Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1327421149-43">[42]</a> However, the full loan was initially withheld due to a case regarding UN employee <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentin_Gubitchev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentin Gubitchev (page does not exist)">Valentin A. Gubitchev</a> and <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> spy <a href="/wiki/Judith_Coplon" title="Judith Coplon">Judith Coplon</a>, who had been charged with espionage and were set to go on trial in March 1949. The House was loath to distribute the full $65 million because the government was concerned that the UN's proposed headquarters would grant <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a> to the two individuals. The UN used the Reconstruction Finance Corp.'s $25 million as a stopgap measure.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The resulting case circumscribed the immunity of UN employees.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> To save money, the UN considered retaining an existing building on the Manhattan site, which had been slated for demolition once the headquarters was completed.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Until 1950, the UN refused to accept private donations for the headquarters' construction, citing a policy that prohibited them from accepting donations.<a href="#cite_note-:1-47">[46]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">groundbreaking</a> ceremony for the initial buildings occurred on September 14, 1948. A bucket of earth was removed to mark the start of construction for the basement of the 39-story <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Breaks-Ground-1948-1">[1]</a> In October, Harrison requested that its 58 members and the 48 US states participate in designing the interiors of the building's conference rooms. It was believed that if enough countries designed their own rooms, the UN would be able to reduce its own expenditures.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The headquarters were originally supposed to be completed in 1951, with the first occupants moving into the Secretariat Building in 1950. However, in November, New York City's construction coordinator <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a> reported that construction was two months behind schedule. By that time, 60% of the headquarters' site had been excavated.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1327445423-50">[49]</a> The same month, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> unanimously voted to formally thank the national, state, and city governments for their role in building the headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> A joint venture of the <a href="/wiki/George_A._Fuller" title="George A. Fuller">George A. Fuller Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turner_Construction" title="Turner Construction">Turner Construction</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walsh_Construction_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walsh Construction Company (page does not exist)">Walsh Construction Company</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slattery_Contracting_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slattery Contracting Company (page does not exist)">Slattery Contracting Company</a> was selected in December 1948 to construct the Secretariat Building, as well as the foundations for the remaining buildings.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Companies-Join-19482-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1324181379-53">[52]</a> The formal $23.8 million contract for the Secretariat Building was awarded in January 1949.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> A prayer space for people of all religions was announced on April 18, 1949. Until then, the UN had avoided the subject of a prayer room, because it had been difficult, if not impossible, to create a prayer room that could accommodate the various religions.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Two days after this announcement, workers erected the first steel beam for the Secretariat Building, to little official fanfare. The consortium working on the Secretariat Building announced that 13,000 tons of steel would eventually be used in the building and that the steelwork would consist of a strong <a href="/wiki/Wind_brace" title="Wind brace">wind bracing</a> system because the 72-by-287-foot (22 by 87 m) structure was so narrow. The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">flag of the United Nations</a> was raised above the first beam as a demonstration for the many spectators who witnessed the first beam's erection.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> The Secretariat Building was to be completed no later than January 1, 1951, and if the consortium of Fuller, Turner, Slattery, and Walsh exceeded that deadline, they had to pay a minimum penalty of $2,500 per day to the UN.<a href="#cite_note-:0-57">[56]</a> To reduce construction costs, the complex's planners downsized the Secretariat Building from 42 stories to 39 stories.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone" title="Cornerstone">cornerstone</a> of the headquarters was originally supposed to be laid on April 10, 1949. However, in March of that year, <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie" title="Trygve Lie">Trygve Lie</a> delayed the ceremony after learning that Truman would not be present to officiate the cornerstone laying.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Seven months later, on October 11, Truman accepted an invitation to attend a cornerstone-laying ceremony, which was planned to occur on October 24.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> At the ceremony, New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> laid the headquarters' cornerstone.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> In June 1949, UN officials wrote a letter to the <a href="/wiki/American_Bridge_Company" title="American Bridge Company">American Bridge Company</a> in which they expressed intent to buy 10,000 to 11,000 tons of steel. This steel would be used to build the rest of the complex, as well as a deck over <a href="/wiki/FDR_Drive" title="FDR Drive">FDR Drive</a> on the headquarters' eastern side. To fit in with the accelerated schedule of construction, the steel would have to be delivered by September.<a href="#cite_note-:0-57">[56]</a> The project also included a four-lane, $2.28 million vehicular tunnel under First Avenue so that traffic could bypass the headquarters when the UN was in session. The tunnel started construction on August 1, 1949. The tunnel involved two years of planning due to its complexity.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Property inside <a href="/wiki/Tudor_City" title="Tudor City">Tudor City</a>, just west of the headquarters, was also acquired so that two streets near the UN headquarters could be widened. The expanded streets were expected to speed up construction.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> In October 1949, contracts were awarded for the construction of two vehicular ramps over the FDR Drive: one to the north of the UN headquarters, and one to the south.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> Another contract to redevelop 42nd Street, a major corridor leading to the UN headquarters, was awarded in December of that year.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> The Secretariat Building was ceremonially <a href="/wiki/Topping_out" title="Topping out">topped out</a> in October 1949 after its steel framework had been completed. The UN flag was hoisted atop the roof of the newly completed steel frame in celebration of this event. The installation of the Secretariat Building's interior furnishings proceeded quickly so that the building could be open in January 1951.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> In February 1950, the UN invited companies from 37 countries to bid on $2 million worth of furniture for the Secretariat Building.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> A month later, the UN announced that it would also be accepting all donations from private citizens, entities, or organizations. This marked a reversal from their previous policy of rejecting all donations.<a href="#cite_note-:1-47">[46]</a> A $1.7 million steel contract on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">United Nations General Assembly Building</a>, the last structure to be built, was awarded in April 1950.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> At the time, the building was not expected to be complete until 1952 due to a steelworkers' strike, which had delayed the production of steel.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> The first pieces of the platform over the FDR Drive was lifted into place the same month.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> In June 1950, Norway proposed that it decorate and outfit the complex's Security Council chamber, and the UN unofficially accepted the Norwegian offer.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> In December 1949, Robert Moses proposed placing a playground inside the UN headquarters,<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> but this plan was initially rejected.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> The UN subsequently reversed its position in April 1951, and Lie agreed to build a 100-by-140-foot (30 by 43 m) playground at the northeast corner of the headquarters site.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> However, the UN did reject an unusual "model playground" proposal for that site, instead choosing to construct a play area similar to others found around New York City.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> The playground opened in April 1953.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening">Opening</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Opening">edit</a>]</div> The first 450 UN employees started working at the Secretariat Building on August 22, 1950.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> The United Nations officially moved into the Secretariat Building on January 8, 1951, by which time 3,300 employees occupied the building.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> At the time, much of the Secretariat Building was still unfinished, and the bulk of the UN's operations still remained at Lake Success.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> A centralized phone-communications system was built to facilitate communications within the complex.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> The UN had completely moved out of its Lake Success headquarters by May.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> The construction of the General Assembly Building was delayed due to a shortage of limestone for the building, which in turn resulted from a heavy snow at the British limestone quarries that were supplying the building's <a href="/wiki/Portland_limestone" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland limestone">Portland limestone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> The erection of the building's framework began in February 1952.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The Manhattan headquarters was declared complete on October 10, 1952.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952-2">[2]</a> The cost of construction was reported to be on budget at $65 million.<a href="#cite_note-childers-84">[83]</a> In 1953, twenty-one nations donated furnishings or offered to decorate the UN headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> A new library building for the UN headquarters was proposed in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> The existing UN library, a 6-story structure formerly owned by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Housing_Authority" title="New York City Housing Authority">New York City Housing Authority</a> (NYCHA), was too small. The NYCHA building could only hold 170,000 books, whereas the UN wanted to host at least 350,000 to 400,000 books in its library. The new facility was slated to cost $3 million.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> By 1955, the collection was housed in the Secretariat Building and held 250,000 volumes in "every language of the world", according to <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The Dag Hammarskjöld Library Building, designed by Harrison and Abramovitz, was officially dedicated in November 1961.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Library-Dedicated-1961-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Early years">edit</a>]</div> The gardens at the United Nations headquarters were originally closed to the public, but were made publicly accessible in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-GardensOpen-1958-90">[89]</a> By 1962, the United Nations' operations had grown so much that the headquarters could not house all of the organization's operations. As a result, the UN announced its intention to rent office space nearby.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF) and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP) moved to leased office space three years later.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> The East River-Turtle Bay Fund, a civic group, proposed that the United Nations purchase a 3-acre (1.2 ha) tract located to the south of the headquarters, on the site of the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses_Playground" title="Robert Moses Playground">Robert Moses Playground</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Queens%E2%80%93Midtown_Tunnel" title="Queens–Midtown Tunnel">Queens–Midtown Tunnel</a> ventilation building between 41st and 42nd Streets.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> The northern portion of the United Nations site remained largely undeveloped through the mid-1960s; a proposed skyscraper by Wallace K. Harrison was scrapped after the UN ran out of money and had to borrow $65 million from the United States government.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> A radical proposal for redeveloping the area around the UN headquarters was proposed in 1968. It entailed closing First Avenue between 43rd and 45th Streets; constructing a new visitor center with two 44-story towers between 43rd and 45th Streets; and connecting the new visitor center with the existing headquarters via a public park.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> This plan was presented to the New York City government in 1969, but was ultimately not acted upon.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> The main headquarters was expanded slightly from 1978 to 1981, including the construction of a new cafeteria and a slight expansion of the Conference Building.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1981-06-07-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(2006)_p._414-98">[97]</a> The UN staff continued to grow, and by 1969, the organization had 3,500 staff working in the New York headquarters. The UN rented additional space at 485 Lexington Avenue and in the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_East_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler East Building">Chrysler East</a> complex, located three blocks west of the headquarters. It also announced its intention to build a new storage building between 41st and 42nd Streets. None of these properties would receive the extraterritorial status conferred on the original headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/One_United_Nations_Plaza" title="One United Nations Plaza">One United Nations Plaza</a>, an office building on 44th Street just outside the UN complex, was completed in 1975 with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Plaza_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Plaza Hotel">United Nations Plaza Hotel</a> on its upper stories.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1975-11-21-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(2006)_p._403-101">[100]</a> Another office tower outside the headquarters proper, <a href="/wiki/Two_United_Nations_Plaza" title="Two United Nations Plaza">Two United Nations Plaza</a>, was completed in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1983-11-13-102">[101]</a> The new buildings were barely sufficient to accommodate the UN's demand for office space; the organization itself had expanded to 140 members by the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(2006)_p._414-98">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refurbishment">Refurbishment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Refurbishment">edit</a>]</div> Due to funding shortfalls in the 1980s, the UN diverted funding from its headquarters' maintenance fund to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">peacekeeping missions</a> and other activities.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1999-10-24-103">[102]</a> Because the headquarters was extraterritorial territory, they were exempt from various building regulations.<a href="#cite_note-p422028690-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-n106499066-105">[104]</a> By 1998, the buildings had become technologically dated, and UN officials considered renovating the headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-Adlerstein_p._6-106">[105]</a> The mechanical systems were so outdated that the UN had to manufacture its own replacement parts.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2007-11-28-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-p398857148-108">[107]</a> The New York Times wrote that "if the United Nations had to abide by city building regulations [...] it might well be shuttered".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1999-10-24-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(2006)_pp._414-415-109">[108]</a> The UN commissioned a report from engineering firm <a href="/wiki/Ove_Arup_%26_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Ove Arup & Partners">Ove Arup & Partners</a>, which published its findings in 2000. Ove Arup recommended renovating the UN headquarters over a six-year period, as well as expanding the Secretariat Building, but the UN could not secure funding for the project at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(2006)_p._415-110">[109]</a> In 2002, Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> proposed replacing the nearby Robert Moses Playground with a new tower, relocating the Secretariat's offices there temporarily, and renovating the Secretariat Building itself.<a href="#cite_note-wp-2002-11-272-13">[12]</a> The UN selected <a href="/wiki/Fumihiko_Maki" title="Fumihiko Maki">Fumihiko Maki</a> to design a building on the Moses site,<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> but the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> refused to pass legislation in 2005 that would have allowed these plans to proceed.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> Alternative sites were considered as temporary holding locations during renovations. In 2005, officials explored the possibility of establishing a new temporary site at the old Lake Success location. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> was also suggested as a temporary site.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> Another alternative for a temporary headquarters or a new permanent facility was the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_site" title="World Trade Center site">World Trade Center site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-matthews-114">[113]</a> Once again, these plans met resistance both within the UN and from the United States and New York governments and were abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-plan-115">[114]</a> The UN then decided to renovate its existing structures over a seven-year period for US$1.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2006-04-18-116">[115]</a> Louis Frederick Reuter IV originally designed the renovation, but he resigned in 2006 following various disputes between UN and US officials. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Adlerstein" title="Michael Adlerstein">Michael Adlerstein</a> was hired as the new project architect.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2007-11-28-107">[106]</a> Engineering firm <a href="/wiki/Skanska" title="Skanska">Skanska</a> was hired to renovate the Secretariat, Conference, and General Assembly buildings in July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-n106499501-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-p426444158-118">[117]</a> The renovations, which were the first since the complex opened in 1950, were expected to take about 7 years to complete. When completed the complex is also expected to be more energy efficient and have improved security.<a href="#cite_note-reno-119">[118]</a> A temporary $140 million "North Lawn Building" was built to house the United Nations' "critical operations" while renovations proceeded.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Retiring-UN-Building-2016-120">[119]</a> Work began on May 5, 2008, but the project was delayed for a while.<a href="#cite_note-farey-121">[120]</a> By 2009 the cost of the work had risen from $1.2 billion to $1.6 billion with some estimates saying it would take up to $3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-costs-122">[121]</a> Officials hoped the renovated buildings would achieve a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">LEED</a> Silver rating. Despite some delays and rises in construction costs, renovation on the entire UN headquarters progressed rapidly. By 2012, the installation of the new glass facade of the Secretariat Building was completed, and the UN staff moved into the newly renovated building in July 2012.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> By September 2015, the renovations were nearly complete but the cost had risen to $2.15 billion.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> Demolition of the North Lawn Building began in January 2016. The building was replaced with an open plaza, and most of its materials were to be recycled.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Retiring-UN-Building-2016-120">[119]</a> In 2019, due to a budget shortfall, the UN cut back some services at its headquarters, such as heating and air-conditioning.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2019-10-11-126">[125]</a> On March 10, 2020, the UN closed to the general public due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> During the pandemic, the UN furloughed some of its headquarters' staff.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_character">International character</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: International character">edit</a>]</div> The UN identifies <a href="/wiki/Arabic_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic (language)">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese (language)">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="English (language)">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="French (language)">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian (language)">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish (language)">Spanish</a> as its six official languages.<a href="#cite_note-:2-129">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._93-130">[129]</a> Delegates speaking in any of these languages will have their words simultaneously interpreted into all of the others, and attendees are provided with headphones through which they can hear the interpretations. A delegate is allowed to make a statement in a non-official language, but must provide either an interpreter or a written copy of their remarks translated into an official language.<a href="#cite_note-:2-129">[128]</a> Interpreters typically take turns, working for 30 minutes at a time.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._93-130">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extraterritoriality_and_security">Extraterritoriality and security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Extraterritoriality and security">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Headquarters_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/UN_Headquarters_2.jpg/220px-UN_Headquarters_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/UN_Headquarters_2.jpg/330px-UN_Headquarters_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/UN_Headquarters_2.jpg/440px-UN_Headquarters_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>View from First Avenue towards the library, Secretariat and General Assembly buildings</figcaption></figure> The site of the UN headquarters has <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a> status.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-131">[130]</a> This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes there. In addition, the United Nations headquarters remains under the jurisdiction and laws of the United States, although a few members of the UN staff have <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a> and so cannot be prosecuted by local courts unless the immunity is waived by the Secretary-General. In 2005, Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> waived the immunity of <a href="/wiki/Benon_Sevan" title="Benon Sevan">Benon Sevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Yakovlev_(diplomat)" title="Alexander Yakovlev (diplomat)">Aleksandr Yakovlev</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kuznetsov_(diplomat)" title="Vladimir Kuznetsov (diplomat)">Vladimir Kuznetsov</a> in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Oil-for-Food_Programme" title="Oil-for-Food Programme">Oil-for-Food Programme</a>,<a href="#cite_note-volker-132">[131]</a> and all were charged in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a>. Benon Sevan later fled the United States to Cyprus, while Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vladimir Kuznetsov decided to stand trial.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> United Nations Security officers are generally responsible for security within the UN Headquarters. They are equipped with weapons and handcuffs and are sometimes mistaken for <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> (NYPD) officers due to the agencies' similar uniforms.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> The NYPD's 17th Precinct patrols the area around and near the complex, but may only formally enter the actual UN headquarters at the request of the Secretary-General.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency_and_postage">Currency and postage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Currency and postage">edit</a>]</div> The currency in use at the United Nations headquarters' businesses is the <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">US dollar</a>. The UN's stamps are issued in denominations of the US dollar.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> The complex has a street address of United Nations headquarters, New York, NY, 10017, United States. For security reasons, all <a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">mail</a> sent to this address is sterilized, so items that may be degraded can be sent by <a href="/wiki/Courier" title="Courier">courier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-security-137">[136]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Postal_Administration" title="United Nations Postal Administration">United Nations Postal Administration</a> issues stamps, which must be used on stamped mail sent from the building.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</a>]</div> For award purposes, <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> operators consider the UN headquarters a separate "entity" under some award programs such as <a href="/wiki/DX_Century_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="DX Century Club">DXCC</a>. For communications, UN organizations have their own internationally recognized <a href="/wiki/ITU_prefix" title="ITU prefix">ITU prefix</a>, 4U. However, only contacts made with the UN Headquarters in New York, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a> count as separate entities. Other UN organizations such as the World Bank count for the state or country they are located in. The UN Staff Recreation Council operates amateur radio station 4U1UN.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structures">Structures</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Structures">edit</a>]</div> The complex includes a number of major buildings. While the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a> is most predominantly featured in depictions of the headquarters, it also includes the domed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a>, as well as the Conference and Visitors Center, which is situated between the General Assembly and Secretariat buildings, and can be seen only from the <a href="/wiki/FDR_Drive" title="FDR Drive">FDR Drive</a> or the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a>. Just inside the <a href="/wiki/Perimeter_fence" title="Perimeter fence">perimeter fence</a> of the complex stands a line of flagpoles where the flags of all 193 UN member states, 2 observer states, plus the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">UN flag</a>, are flown in English alphabetical order.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-140">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_Assembly_Building">General Assembly Building</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: General Assembly Building">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">United Nations General Assembly Building</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_General_Assembly_Hall_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Hall_%283%29.jpg/260px-United_Nations_General_Assembly_Hall_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Hall_%283%29.jpg/390px-United_Nations_General_Assembly_Hall_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Hall_%283%29.jpg/520px-United_Nations_General_Assembly_Hall_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Hall">United Nations General Assembly Hall</a></figcaption></figure> The General Assembly Building, housing the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, holds the General Assembly Hall, which has a seating capacity of 1,800. At 165 ft (50 m) long by 115 ft (35 m) wide, it is the largest room in the complex.<a href="#cite_note-factsheet-17">[16]</a> The Hall has two murals by the French artist <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1952-08-29-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Binlot_2014-142">[141]</a> At the front of the chamber is the rostrum containing the green marble desk for the President of the General Assembly, Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services, as well as a matching lectern for speakers.<a href="#cite_note-factsheet-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-p152446859-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._44-144">[143]</a> Behind the rostrum is the UN emblem on a gold background.<a href="#cite_note-p152446859-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> The rostrum is flanked by a paneled semi-circular wall, which contains seating booths for guests. The ceiling of the hall is 75 ft (23 m) high and surmounted by a shallow dome ringed by recessed light fixtures.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._625-146">[145]</a> Each of the 192 delegations has six seats in the hall with three at a desk and three alternate seats behind them.<a href="#cite_note-factsheet-17">[16]</a> The building contains two lobbies: a delegates' lobby to the south and a public lobby to the north.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> On the second floor, directly behind the General Assembly Hall, is the GA 200 room,<a href="#cite_note-UNGA-Map-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._52-149">[148]</a> which contains offices for the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President of the United Nations General Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-p234947619-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yang_2021-151">[150]</a> There is a delegates' lounge on the south side of the second floor, which also connects with the Conference Building along the East River.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._70-152">[151]</a> There is also a meditation room next to the north lobby,<a href="#cite_note-p152446859-143">[142]</a> as well as a large conference room and several smaller conference rooms in the basement beneath the General Assembly Hall.<a href="#cite_note-UNGA-Map-148">[147]</a> The basement also has television and radio studios, a sound-recording studio, and a master control room for the United Nations headquarters' communication system.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_p._37-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conference_Building">Conference Building</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Conference Building">edit</a>]</div> The Conference Building faces the East River between the General Assembly Building and the Secretariat, being directly east of both structures.<a href="#cite_note-Conference_Building_Map-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a> It is five stories high and measures 400 feet (120 m) long. The exteriors were designed by the United Nations Board of Design, while the interiors were designed by Abel Sorenson.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a> The second and third stories<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_p._37-153">[152]</a> contain the chambers of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social</a> (ECOSOC), <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security</a> councils, all of which were designed by Scandinavian architects.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1951-06-17-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_pp._37-38-157">[156]</a> All three chambers have technical equipment on the north and south walls, public seating to the west, delegates' seats in the center, and glass walls to the east.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1951-06-24-158">[157]</a> They each measure 72 feet (22 m) deep, 135 feet (41 m) wide, and 24 feet (7.3 m) long. Below are three large and six small conference rooms.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_p._38-159">[158]</a> Above the three conference chambers, near the rooftop of the building, were dining areas.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_p._37-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a> There was also a lounge for delegates near the building's north end.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a> Swedish architect <a href="/wiki/Sven_Markelius" title="Sven Markelius">Sven Markelius</a> designed the Economic and Social Council chamber, which contained wooden screens on the curved north and south walls, as well as an exposed ceiling.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1951-06-24-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._19-160">[159]</a> Markelius painted the ceiling in various hues of black, gray, and off-white.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a> The space was redesigned in 1974 when ECOSOC was expanded from 27 to 54 members.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_p._38-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._79-161">[160]</a> The space could seat 336 members of the public and 40 journalists.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_p._38-159">[158]</a> The ECOSOC chamber was renovated again in 1995<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._79-161">[160]</a> and 2013,<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> and a set of curtains named "Dialogos" by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Edholm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Edholm (page does not exist)">Ann Edholm</a> was installed during the 2013 renovation.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2013-164">[163]</a> Danish architect <a href="/wiki/Finn_Juhl" title="Finn Juhl">Finn Juhl</a> designed the Trusteeship Council chamber, which includes wood screens spanning the north and south walls, as well as baffles and rods on the ceiling.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1951-06-24-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._84-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a> A model of a white plane was originally suspended from the ceiling above the deliberation table.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._19-160">[159]</a> The space could seat 198 members of the public and 66 journalists. Danish artist <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Starcke" title="Henrik Starcke">Henrik Starcke</a> designed a 9-foot-tall (2.7 m) teak sculpture of a woman on one wall.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_p._38-159">[158]</a> The chamber contains two paintings: Codice del Fuego (Fire Codex) on the left wall, a gift from Ecuador, and Gandzelo (Sacred Tree) on the right wall, a gift from Mozambique.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._88-166">[165]</a> Norwegian architect <a href="/wiki/Arnstein_Arneberg" title="Arnstein Arneberg">Arnstein Arneberg</a> was responsible for the Security Council chamber.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_p._38-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._104-167">[166]</a> The lowest parts of the walls contained <a href="/wiki/Dado_(architecture)" title="Dado (architecture)">dadoes</a> in three shades of gray marble.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1951-06-24-158">[157]</a> The walls were upholstered in royal blue, with golden tapestries;<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1995)_p._621-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._107-168">[167]</a> these tapestries represent hope, faith, and charity.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._107-168">[167]</a> The space could seat 232 members of the public and 100 journalists,<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_pp._37-38-157">[156]</a> and there are also seats for delegates whose countries are not yet members of the Security Council.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._107-168">[167]</a> The artwork in the Security Council chamber includes <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">a mural</a> by Norwegian artist <a href="/wiki/Per_Krohg" title="Per Krohg">Per Krohg</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._104-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> on the east wall.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Chronicle_pp._37-38-157">[156]</a> The oil canvas mural depicts a phoenix rising from its ashes.<a href="#cite_note-securityCouncil-171">[170]</a> On one wall is a door leading to the office of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Presidency of the United Nations Security Council">president of the Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._106-172">[171]</a> The Security Council chamber also leads to the Consultation Room, a private conference room for members of the council, and the Caucus Room, where members could host small meetings.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._110-173">[172]</a> A quiet room for delegates, designed by <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Fruhtrunk" title="Günter Fruhtrunk">Günter Fruhtrunk</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Nestler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Nestler (page does not exist)">Paolo Nestler</a> and donated by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a>, contains diagonal paneling.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._83-174">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretariat_Building">Secretariat Building</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Secretariat Building">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">United Nations Secretariat Building</a></div> The 39-story Secretariat Building was completed in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> It houses offices for the Secretary-General, the Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and United Nations Legal Counsel,<a href="#cite_note-leagal-176">[175]</a> the Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs and Office of Disarmament Affairs,<a href="#cite_note-disarmament-177">[176]</a> and the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management (DGACM).<a href="#cite_note-dgacm-178">[177]</a> The wider western and eastern <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevation (architecture)">elevations</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Facade" class="mw-redirect" title="Facade">facade</a> consist of glass <a href="/wiki/Curtain_wall_(architecture)" title="Curtain wall (architecture)">curtain walls</a> set within a metal grid.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1947-09-17-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-PA_p._64-180">[179]</a> The narrower northern and southern elevations are made of masonry<a href="#cite_note-PA_p._64-180">[179]</a> clad with Vermont marble.<a href="#cite_note-p152137673-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1327368232-182">[181]</a> The Secretariat Building was constructed with 889,000 square feet (82,600 m2) of space and, at the time of its completion, could accommodate 4,000 workers.<a href="#cite_note-p1528809947-183">[182]</a> Floors 6, 16, and 28 are used as mechanical floors,<a href="#cite_note-p152261806-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vogue_p._129-185">[184]</a> and floor 39 serves as a mechanical penthouse, accessible only by stairs.<a href="#cite_note-Vogue_p._129-185">[184]</a> Under the building is a three-story garage for UN employees, with 1,500 parking spaces.<a href="#cite_note-p152137673-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1327671994-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1950-06-25-187">[186]</a> When the building was constructed, the lowest stories were to contain broadcasting studios, press offices, staff rooms, and other functions. The offices were placed on the upper floors.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1948-09-122-188">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dag_Hammarskjöld_Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Dag Hammarskjöld Library">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library_0856.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library_0856.JPG/220px-Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library_0856.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library_0856.JPG/330px-Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library_0856.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library_0856.JPG/440px-Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library_0856.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Dag Hammarskjöld Library</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></div> The library was founded with the United Nations in 1946. It was originally called the United Nations Library, later the United Nations International Library. In the late 1950s the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> gave a grant to the United Nations for the construction of a new library building; <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a> was also instrumental in securing the funding for the new building. The Dag Hammarskjöld Library was dedicated and renamed on November 16, 1961.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Library-Dedicated-1961-89">[88]</a> The building was a gift from the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> and is located next to the Secretariat at the southwest corner of the headquarters campus. The library holds 400,000 books, 9,800 newspapers and periodical titles, 80,000 maps, and the Woodrow Wilson Collection containing 8,600 volumes of League of Nations documents and 6,500 related books and pamphlets. The library's Economic and Social Affairs Collection is housed in the DC-2 building.<a href="#cite_note-collections-189">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_buildings">Other buildings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other buildings">edit</a>]</div> While outside of the complex, the headquarters also includes two large office buildings that serve as offices for the agencies and programmes of the organization. These buildings, known as DC-1 and DC-2, are located at <a href="/wiki/One_United_Nations_Plaza" title="One United Nations Plaza">One</a> and <a href="/wiki/Two_United_Nations_Plaza" title="Two United Nations Plaza">Two United Nations Plaza</a> respectively. DC1 was built in 1976. There is also an identification office at the corner of 46th Street, inside a former bank branch, where pre-accredited diplomats, reporters, and others receive their grounds passes. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Children%27s_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Children's Fund">UNICEF</a> House (3 UN Plaza) and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a> Building (807 UN Plaza) are also part of headquarters. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Church_Center_for_the_United_Nations" title="Church Center for the United Nations">Church Center for the United Nations</a> (777 UN Plaza) is a private building owned by the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> as an interfaith space housing the offices of several <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a>. The Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) is located at 380 Madison Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_tower">Proposed tower</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Proposed tower">edit</a>]</div> In October 2011, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">state</a> officials announced an agreement in which the UN would be allowed to build a long-sought new office tower just south of the existing campus on the current <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses_Playground" title="Robert Moses Playground">Robert Moses Playground</a>, which would be relocated.<a href="#cite_note-nyc.gov-191">[190]</a> In exchange, the United Nations would allow the construction of an esplanade along the East River that would complete the <a href="/wiki/East_River_Greenway" title="East River Greenway">East River Greenway</a>, a waterfront pedestrian and bicycle pathway.<a href="#cite_note-Foderaro-192">[191]</a> While host nation authorities have agreed to the provisions of the plan, it needs the approval of the United Nations in order to be implemented. The plan is similar in concept to an earlier proposal that had been announced in 2000 but did not move forward.<a href="#cite_note-haberman-193">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_collection">Art collection</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Art collection">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Peace_Bell_of_United_Nations.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Peace_Bell_of_United_Nations.JPG/220px-Japanese_Peace_Bell_of_United_Nations.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Peace_Bell_of_United_Nations.JPG/330px-Japanese_Peace_Bell_of_United_Nations.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Japanese_Peace_Bell_of_United_Nations.JPG/440px-Japanese_Peace_Bell_of_United_Nations.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Japanese Peace Bell, made out of coins donated by children</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Non-Violence_sculpture_in_front_of_UN_headquarters_NY.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Non-Violence_sculpture_in_front_of_UN_headquarters_NY.JPG/220px-Non-Violence_sculpture_in_front_of_UN_headquarters_NY.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Non-Violence_sculpture_in_front_of_UN_headquarters_NY.JPG/330px-Non-Violence_sculpture_in_front_of_UN_headquarters_NY.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Non-Violence_sculpture_in_front_of_UN_headquarters_NY.JPG/440px-Non-Violence_sculpture_in_front_of_UN_headquarters_NY.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3830" data-file-height="2872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Non-Violence_(sculpture)" title="Non-Violence (sculpture)">Non-Violence sculpture</a> in front of UN headquarters</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">United Nations Art Collection</a></div> The complex contains gardens, which were originally private gardens before being opened to the public in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-GardensOpen-1958-90">[89]</a> The complex is notable for its gardens and outdoor sculptures. Iconic sculptures include the "Knotted Gun", called <a href="/wiki/Non-Violence_(sculpture)" title="Non-Violence (sculpture)">Non-Violence</a>, a statue of a <a href="/wiki/Colt_Python" title="Colt Python">Colt Python</a> revolver with its barrel tied in a knot, which was a gift from the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> government<a href="#cite_note-gun-194">[193]</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares</a>, a gift from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-swords-195">[194]</a> The latter sculpture is the only appearance of the "swords into plowshares" quotation, from <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a> 2:4, within the complex. Contrary to popular belief, the quotation is not carved on any UN building.<a href="#cite_note-jewett-196">[195]</a> Rather, it is carved on the "Isaiah Wall" of <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a> across First Avenue. A piece of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> also stands in the UN garden.<a href="#cite_note-wall-197">[196]</a> Other prominent artworks on the grounds include Peace, a <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a> <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> window memorializing the death of <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a>;<a href="#cite_note-chagall-198">[197]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peace_Bell" title="Japanese Peace Bell">Japanese Peace Bell</a> which is rung on the <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">vernal equinox</a> and the opening of each General Assembly session;<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._114-199">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-bell-200">[199]</a> a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> carving made in 1974, before the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_trade" title="Ivory trade">ivory trade</a> was largely banned in 1989;<a href="#cite_note-ivory-201">[200]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venetian</a> mosaic depicting <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a>'s painting The Golden Rule.<a href="#cite_note-rockwell-202">[201]</a> A full-size <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a> copy of <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Guernica_(Picasso)" title="Guernica (Picasso)">Guernica</a>, by Jacqueline de la Baume Dürrbach, is on the wall of the United Nations building at the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> room.<a href="#cite_note-IPoG-203">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-picasso-204">[203]</a> In 1952, two Fernand Léger murals were installed in the General Assembly Hall.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1952-08-29-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Binlot_2014-142">[141]</a> One is said to resemble cartoon character <a href="/wiki/Bugs_Bunny" title="Bugs Bunny">Bugs Bunny</a>, while US President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> dubbed the other work "Scrambled Eggs".<a href="#cite_note-marks-205">[204]</a> Two large murals by Brazilian artist <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2ndido_Portinari" class="mw-redirect" title="Cândido Portinari">Cândido Portinari</a>, entitled Guerra e Paz (<a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace_(Portinari)" title="War and Peace (Portinari)">War and Peace</a>) are located at the delegates hall. The works are a gift from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Association_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="United Nations Association of the United States of America">United Nations Association of the United States of America</a> and Portinari intended to execute them in the United States. However, he was denied a visa due to his communist convictions and decided to paint them in Rio de Janeiro. They were later assembled in the headquarters. After their completion in 1957, Portinari, who was already ill when he started the masterpiece, succumbed to lead poisoning from the pigments his doctors advised him to abandon.<a href="#cite_note-calm-206">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relocation_proposals">Relocation proposals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Relocation proposals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_Logos_in_General_Assembly_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/United_Nations_Logos_in_General_Assembly_Building.jpg/220px-United_Nations_Logos_in_General_Assembly_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/United_Nations_Logos_in_General_Assembly_Building.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="183" /></a><figcaption>United Nations logo in headquarters</figcaption></figure> Due to the significance of the organization, proposals to relocate its headquarters have occasionally been made. Complainants about its current location include diplomats who find it difficult to obtain visas from the United States<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> and local residents complaining of inconveniences whenever the surrounding roads are closed due to visiting dignitaries, as well as the high costs to the city.<a href="#cite_note-divorce-208">[207]</a> A US telephone survey in 2001 found that 67% of respondents favored moving the United Nations headquarters out of the country.<a href="#cite_note-laetus-209">[208]</a> Countries critical of the US, such as Iran and Russia, are especially vocal in questioning the current location of the United Nations, arguing that the United States government could manipulate the work of the General Assembly through selective access to politicians from other countries, with the aim of having an advantage over rival countries.<a href="#cite_note-wilaya-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Snowden</a> <a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)">global surveillance disclosures</a>, the subject of the relocation of the UN headquarters was again discussed, this time for security reasons.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> Among the cities that have been proposed to house the headquarters of the United Nations are <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>,<a href="#cite_note-russia-213">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-215">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>,<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-divorce-208">[207]</a> Critics of relocation say that the idea would be expensive and would also involve the withdrawal of the United States from the organization, and with it much of the agency's funding. They also state that the proposals have never gone from being mere declarations.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_gatherings">Public gatherings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public gatherings">edit</a>]</div> Large scale protests, demonstrations, and other gatherings directly on <a href="/wiki/First_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="First Avenue (Manhattan)">First Avenue</a> are rare. Some gatherings have taken place in <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a>, but it is too small to accommodate large demonstrations. The closest location where the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> usually allows demonstrators is Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza at <a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">47th Street</a> and First Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> Besides gatherings solely for diplomats and academics, there are a few organizations that regularly hold events at the UN. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Association_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="United Nations Association of the United States of America">United Nations Association of the United States of America</a> (UNA-USA), a non-governmental organization, holds an annual "member's day" event in one of the conference rooms. <a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a> conferences sponsored by UNA-USA, the National Collegiate Conference Association (NCCA/NMUN), and the International Model UN Association (IMUNA/NHSMUN) hold part of their sessions in the General Assembly chamber. <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University" title="Seton Hall University">Seton Hall University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Whitehead_School_of_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehead School of Diplomacy">Whitehead School of Diplomacy</a> hosts its UN summer study program at the headquarters as well.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_by_Northwest_movie_trailer_screenshot_(13).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/North_by_Northwest_movie_trailer_screenshot_%2813%29.jpg/220px-North_by_Northwest_movie_trailer_screenshot_%2813%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/North_by_Northwest_movie_trailer_screenshot_%2813%29.jpg/330px-North_by_Northwest_movie_trailer_screenshot_%2813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/North_by_Northwest_movie_trailer_screenshot_%2813%29.jpg/440px-North_by_Northwest_movie_trailer_screenshot_%2813%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>View of the headquarters in the 1959 MGM thriller <a href="/wiki/North_by_Northwest" title="North by Northwest">North by Northwest</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_in_popular_culture" title="United Nations in popular culture">United Nations in popular culture</a></div> The United Nations headquarters is often featured in movies and other pop culture.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_pp._25-26-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-Idato_2014-222">[221]</a> Several films have been set at the headquarters, including <a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Wall" title="The Glass Wall">The Glass Wall</a> (1953) and <a href="/wiki/North_by_Northwest" title="North by Northwest">North by Northwest</a> (1959).<a href="#cite_note-Idato_2014-222">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._25-223">[222]</a> The UN did not give producers permission to film at its headquarters until 2005, when <a href="/wiki/The_Interpreter_(2005_film)" title="The Interpreter (2005 film)">The Interpreter</a> was filmed there.<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._26-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> According to architect <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Betsky" title="Aaron Betsky">Aaron Betsky</a>, the United Nations headquarters has often been used to stand for "freedom, justice, and solutions to specific local problems through a grid-like, mirror-like deliberative process".<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._25-223">[222]</a> Due to the headquarters' symbolism, several works of fiction have depicted the building under threat, including the films <a href="/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_Strikes_Again" title="The Pink Panther Strikes Again">The Pink Panther Strikes Again</a> (1976), <a href="/wiki/Superman_IV:_The_Quest_for_Peace" title="Superman IV: The Quest for Peace">Superman IV: The Quest for Peace</a> (1987), and <a href="/wiki/The_Peacemaker_(1997_film)" title="The Peacemaker (1997 film)">The Peacemaker</a> (1997).<a href="#cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_pp._25-26-221">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/47px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/62px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/56px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U_Thant_Island" title="U Thant Island">U Thant Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Campus,_Bonn" title="UN Campus, Bonn">UN Campus, Bonn</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_City" title="UN City">UN City</a>, Copenhagen</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Sources vary on whether the site is 17 acres (6.9 ha)<a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc2-9">[9]</a> or 18 acres (7.3 ha).<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-FYI-2003-10">[10]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Breaks-Ground-1948-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Breaks-Ground-1948_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Breaks-Ground-1948_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Breaks-Ground-1948_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/09/15/84016864.pdf">"U.N. Breaks Ground for Its Capital; O'Dwyer Welcomes 'Plan for Peace'; BREAKING GROUND FOR UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS HERE U.N.BREAKS GROUND FOR WORLD CAPITAL"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. September 15, 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043722/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/09/15/84016864.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+Breaks+Ground+for+Its+Capital%3B+O%27Dwyer+Welcomes+%27Plan+for+Peace%27%3B+BREAKING+GROUND+FOR+UNITED+NATIONS+HEADQUARTERS+HERE+U.N.BREAKS+GROUND+FOR+WORLD+CAPITAL&rft.date=1948-09-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F09%2F15%2F84016864.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Work-Completed-1952_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1952" class="citation news cs1">Hamilton, Thomas J. (October 10, 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F10813F7385E177B93C2A8178BD95F468585F9">"Work Completed on U.N. Buildings"</a>. The New York Times. 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Retrieved July 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=40-Story+Building+to+Be+U.N.+Center%3B+Skyscraper+to+Be+Finished+by+October%2C+1948%2C+Under+Fastest+of+3+Construction+Plans&rft.date=1947-02-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1947%2F02%2F26%2Farchives%2F40story-building-to-be-un-center-skyscraper-to-be-finished-by.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141105002907/https://archives.un.org/content/oscar-niemeyer-and-united-nations-headquarters-1947-1949">"Oscar Niemeyer and the United Nations Headquarters (1947–1949)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. December 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.un.org/content/oscar-niemeyer-and-united-nations-headquarters-1947-1949">the original</a> on November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Oscar+Niemeyer+and+the+United+Nations+Headquarters+%281947%E2%80%931949%29&rft.date=2014-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.un.org%2Fcontent%2Foscar-niemeyer-and-united-nations-headquarters-1947-1949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1318024597-22"><a href="#cite_ref-p1318024597_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYerxa1947" class="citation news cs1">Yerxa, Fendall (May 22, 1947). "Design of U. N. Workshop for Peace' Revealed: Two Buildings, 45 and 30 Stories, Being Planned; City Will Beautify Area City Plans to Improve Area Around United Nations Site". 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Capital Plans Stress Function; Final Sketches Are Revealed – 'Workshops for Peace' Aim of the Ten Designers"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725221322/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/22/archives/un-capital-plans-stress-function-final-sketches-are-revealed.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2022. 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Retrieved October 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flushing+Meadows+Corona+Park&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+and+Recreation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fparks%2Fflushing-meadows-corona-park%2Fhighlights%2F12403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1946/10/24/93162184.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0">"Designation of Building Confuses U.N. Audience"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 24, 1946. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043720/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1946/10/24/93162184.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved October 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Designation+of+Building+Confuses+U.N.+Audience&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1946-10-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1946%2F10%2F24%2F93162184.pdf%3Fpdf_redirect%3Dtrue%26ip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aarts-39"><a href="#cite_ref-aarts_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrts-arrchives.com/unsta.html">"United Nations Station"</a>. Arrt's Arrchives. August 14, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016074342/http://www.arrts-arrchives.com/unsta.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Station&rft.pub=Arrt%27s+Arrchives&rft.date=2004-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arrts-arrchives.com%2Funsta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/04/08/96421557.pdf">"Truman Asks Loan for U.n. Buildings"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. April 8, 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043720/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/04/08/96421557.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Truman+Asks+Loan+for+U.n.+Buildings&rft.date=1948-04-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F04%2F08%2F96421557.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1327415157-41"><a href="#cite_ref-p1327415157_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"$3,000,000 Cut In U.N. Plan for Site Is Advised: Tower and Garage Would Be Reduced; Cost Figure to Stay at $65,000,000". New York Herald Tribune. April 1, 1948. p. 13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1327415157">1327415157</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=%243%2C000%2C000+Cut+In+U.N.+Plan+for+Site+Is+Advised%3A+Tower+and+Garage+Would+Be+Reduced%3B+Cost+Figure+to+Stay+at+%2465%2C000%2C000&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1948-04-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/08/06/88121748.pdf">"HOUSE PASSES BILL FOR U.N. SITE LOAN; Vote Is 164 to 27 'Home for Stalin's Agents,' Foe Says – Joy at Lake Success HOUSE PASSES BILL FOR U.N. SITE LOAN"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. August 6, 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043720/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/08/06/88121748.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=HOUSE+PASSES+BILL+FOR+U.N.+SITE+LOAN%3B+Vote+Is+164+to+27+%27Home+for+Stalin%27s+Agents%2C%27+Foe+Says+%E2%80%93+Joy+at+Lake+Success+HOUSE+PASSES+BILL+FOR+U.N.+SITE+LOAN&rft.date=1948-08-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F08%2F06%2F88121748.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1327421149-43"><a href="#cite_ref-p1327421149_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngalls1948" class="citation news cs1">Ingalls, Leonard (August 6, 1948). "House Passes 65-MillionU. N. Building Loan: Measure Is Sent to Truman; Ohioan Denounces U. N. As Haven for Red Spies". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1327421149">1327421149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=House+Passes+65-MillionU.+N.+Building+Loan%3A+Measure+Is+Sent+to+Truman%3B+Ohioan+Denounces+U.+N.+As+Haven+for+Red+Spies&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1948-08-06&rft.aulast=Ingalls&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%25201949%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%25201949%2520-%25202546.pdf">"Spy Charge May Adversely Affect Bills"</a> (PDF). Buffalo Courier-Express. March 7, 1949. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043720/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Buffalo%20NY%20Courier%20Express/Buffalo%20NY%20Courier%20Express%201949/Buffalo%20NY%20Courier%20Express%201949%20-%202546.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+Courier-Express&rft.atitle=Spy+Charge+May+Adversely+Affect+Bills&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1949-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FBuffalo%252520NY%252520Courier%252520Express%252FBuffalo%252520NY%252520Courier%252520Express%2525201949%252FBuffalo%252520NY%252520Courier%252520Express%2525201949%252520-%2525202546.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer1950" class="citation journal cs1">Spencer, Melvin J. (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol49/iss1/6">"International Law: Jurisdictional Immunity of United Nations Employees: The Gubitchev Case"</a>. Michigan Law Review. 49 (1): 101–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1284159">10.2307/1284159</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1284159">1284159</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043723/https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol49/iss1/6/">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved May 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Michigan+Law+Review&rft.atitle=International+Law%3A+Jurisdictional+Immunity+of+United+Nations+Employees%3A+The+Gubitchev+Case&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=101-110&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1284159&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1284159%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Melvin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.law.umich.edu%2Fmlr%2Fvol49%2Fiss1%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/01/07/85189197.pdf">"U.N. MAY CONVERT A BUILDING ON SITE; Rising Costs Cause the Capital Planners to Consider Using Manhattan Structure"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043721/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/01/07/85189197.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+MAY+CONVERT+A+BUILDING+ON+SITE%3B+Rising+Costs+Cause+the+Capital+Planners+to+Consider+Using+Manhattan+Structure&rft.date=1948&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F01%2F07%2F85189197.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett1950" class="citation news cs1">Barrett, George (March 4, 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/03/04/86412928.pdf">"U.N. ACCEPTS GIFTs FOR NEW BUILDINGS; Private Donations Will Be Used to Complete and Furnish East River Headquarters"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043722/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/03/04/86412928.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+ACCEPTS+GIFTs+FOR+NEW+BUILDINGS%3B+Private+Donations+Will+Be+Used+to+Complete+and+Furnish+East+River+Headquarters&rft.date=1950-03-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1950%2F03%2F04%2F86412928.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/10/11/85286032.pdf">"U.N. TO ASK NATIONS TO DO DECORATING; 58 Countries and 48 States to Be Called On for Aid at East Side Capital"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. October 11, 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043722/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/10/11/85286032.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+TO+ASK+NATIONS+TO+DO+DECORATING%3B+58+Countries+and+48+States+to+Be+Called+On+for+Aid+at+East+Side+Capital&rft.date=1948-10-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F10%2F11%2F85286032.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/11/25/85309279.pdf">"WORK ON U.N. SITE BEHIND SCHEDULE; Moses Blames 'Metropolitan Difficulties' for 2-Month Lag – City Doing All It Can"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. November 25, 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043723/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/11/25/85309279.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=WORK+ON+U.N.+SITE+BEHIND+SCHEDULE%3B+Moses+Blames+%27Metropolitan+Difficulties%27+for+2-Month+Lag+%E2%80%93+City+Doing+All+It+Can&rft.date=1948-11-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F11%2F25%2F85309279.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1327445423-50"><a href="#cite_ref-p1327445423_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Moses Reports U. N. Site Plans Are Unchanged: Work Two Months Behind Schedule, To Go Through as Originally Projected". New York Herald Tribune. November 25, 1948. p. 15. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1327445423">1327445423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Moses+Reports+U.+N.+Site+Plans+Are+Unchanged%3A+Work+Two+Months+Behind+Schedule%2C+To+Go+Through+as+Originally+Projected&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1948-11-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/11/19/85300836.pdf">"ASSEMBLY HAILS U.N. SITE PROGRESS; Without a Dissent, It Votes Formal Thanks to U.S. And to City and State"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. November 19, 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043723/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/11/19/85300836.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ASSEMBLY+HAILS+U.N.+SITE+PROGRESS%3B+Without+a+Dissent%2C+It+Votes+Formal+Thanks+to+U.S.+And+to+City+and+State&rft.date=1948-11-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F11%2F19%2F85300836.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Companies-Join-19482-52"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Companies-Join-19482_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/12/19/96442051.pdf">"4 Companies Join Forces To Construct U.N.'s Home"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. December 19, 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043719/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/12/19/96442051.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=4+Companies+Join+Forces+To+Construct+U.N.%27s+Home&rft.date=1948-12-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F12%2F19%2F96442051.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1324181379-53"><a href="#cite_ref-p1324181379_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"4 Companies Get Joint Contract For $24,000,000 U. N. Building: 39-Story Secretariat Structure To Be Started Next Month, Be Ready for Use in Fall of 1950; Bid Includes Foundations for All Buildings". New York Herald Tribune. December 19, 1948. p. 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1324181379">1324181379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=4+Companies+Get+Joint+Contract+For+%2424%2C000%2C000+U.+N.+Building%3A+39-Story+Secretariat+Structure+To+Be+Started+Next+Month%2C+Be+Ready+for+Use+in+Fall+of+1950%3B+Bid+Includes+Foundations+for+All+Buildings&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1948-12-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1949" class="citation news cs1">Hamilton, Thomas J. (January 28, 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/01/29/86765309.pdf">"U. N. Lets $23,809,573 Contract For Its Permanent Headquarters"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043724/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/01/29/86765309.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.+N.+Lets+%2423%2C809%2C573+Contract+For+Its+Permanent+Headquarters&rft.date=1949-01-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F01%2F29%2F86765309.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett1949" class="citation news cs1">Barrett, George (April 18, 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/04/18/86769492.pdf">"U.N. To Establish Prayer Chamber Of All Faiths in New Headquarters"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043726/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/04/18/86769492.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+To+Establish+Prayer+Chamber+Of+All+Faiths+in+New+Headquarters&rft.date=1949-04-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F04%2F18%2F86769492.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/04/20/84559169.pdf">"Spectators Watch and Wonder As Beam Is Raised on East Side; Sidewalk Superintendents Only Witnesses of Beginning of Framework for World Peace Capital Building"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. April 20, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043737/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/04/20/84559169.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Spectators+Watch+and+Wonder+As+Beam+Is+Raised+on+East+Side%3B+Sidewalk+Superintendents+Only+Witnesses+of+Beginning+of+Framework+for+World+Peace+Capital+Building&rft.date=1949-04-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F04%2F20%2F84559169.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/06/20/85643640.pdf">"U. N. To Make $2,250,000 Steel Contract Soon To Start Second Unit of East River Project"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. June 20, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043738/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/06/20/85643640.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.+N.+To+Make+%242%2C250%2C000+Steel+Contract+Soon+To+Start+Second+Unit+of+East+River+Project&rft.date=1949-06-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F06%2F20%2F85643640.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPett1949" class="citation news cs1">Pett, Saul (October 23, 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewpapers%2520Disk2%2FUtica%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Observer%2FUtica%2520NY%2520Observer%25201949.pdf%2FUtica%2520NY%2520Observer%25201949%2520-%25206796.pdf">"U.N. Has Trimmed Its Housing Plan To Fit Its Pocketbook"</a> (PDF). Utica Observer-Dispatch. p. 5B. Retrieved December 25, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>; <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Utica+Observer-Dispatch&rft.atitle=U.N.+Has+Trimmed+Its+Housing+Plan+To+Fit+Its+Pocketbook&rft.pages=5B&rft.date=1949-10-23&rft.aulast=Pett&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewpapers%252520Disk2%252FUtica%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Observer%252FUtica%252520NY%252520Observer%2525201949.pdf%252FUtica%252520NY%252520Observer%2525201949%252520-%2525206796.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/10/11/85286032.pdf">"CORNERSTONE FETE POSTPONED BY U. N.; Lie Puts Off Indefinitely the Plan Set for April 10 Here as Truman Drops Trip"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. March 25, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043722/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/10/11/85286032.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CORNERSTONE+FETE+POSTPONED+BY+U.+N.%3B+Lie+Puts+Off+Indefinitely+the+Plan+Set+for+April+10+Here+as+Truman+Drops+Trip&rft.date=1949-03-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F10%2F11%2F85286032.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/10/11/84223704.pdf">"TRUMAN TO SPEAK AT U.N. DEDICATION; Accepts Invitation to Ceremony at New Headquarters Site in Manhattan Oct. 24"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. October 11, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043740/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/10/11/84223704.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TRUMAN+TO+SPEAK+AT+U.N.+DEDICATION%3B+Accepts+Invitation+to+Ceremony+at+New+Headquarters+Site+in+Manhattan+Oct.+24&rft.date=1949-10-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F10%2F11%2F84223704.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press1949" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (October 24, 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Elmira%20%20NY%20Star%20Gazette/Elmira%20NY%20Star%20Gazette%201949/Elmira%20NY%20Star%20Gazette%201949%20a%20-%203769.pdf">"Dewey Urges UN Power to Enforce Acts"</a> (PDF). Elmira Star-Gazette. p. 1. Retrieved December 20, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elmira+Star-Gazette&rft.atitle=Dewey+Urges+UN+Power+to+Enforce+Acts&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1949-10-24&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FElmira%2520%2520NY%2520Star%2520Gazette%2FElmira%2520NY%2520Star%2520Gazette%25201949%2FElmira%2520NY%2520Star%2520Gazette%25201949%2520a%2520-%25203769.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/08/02/84275627.pdf">"FIRST AVENUE JOB IN U. N. AREA BEGUN; $2,280,000 Renovation Project, To Take 13 Months, Required Two Years of Planning"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. August 2, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043741/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/08/02/84275627.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=FIRST+AVENUE+JOB+IN+U.+N.+AREA+BEGUN%3B+%242%2C280%2C000+Renovation+Project%2C+To+Take+13+Months%2C+Required+Two+Years+of+Planning&rft.date=1949-08-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F08%2F02%2F84275627.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/12/17/86760949.pdf">"CITY TO ADD LAND FOR U.N. APPROACH; Board Votes to Take Over Strip for Widening of Street to Speed Development"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. December 17, 1948. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043741/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/12/17/86760949.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CITY+TO+ADD+LAND+FOR+U.N.+APPROACH%3B+Board+Votes+to+Take+Over+Strip+for+Widening+of+Street+to+Speed+Development&rft.date=1948-12-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F12%2F17%2F86760949.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/10/05/84280335.pdf">"Ask Bids This Week on U. N. Overpasses"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. October 5, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043741/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/10/05/84280335.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ask+Bids+This+Week+on+U.+N.+Overpasses&rft.date=1949-10-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F10%2F05%2F84280335.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/22/93551942.pdf">"U. N. Approach to Be Beautified By Redevelopment of 42d Street; PLANS FOR THE REDEVELOPMENT OF EAST FORTY-SECOND STREET"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. December 22, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043741/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/22/93551942.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.+N.+Approach+to+Be+Beautified+By+Redevelopment+of+42d+Street%3B+PLANS+FOR+THE+REDEVELOPMENT+OF+EAST+FORTY-SECOND+STREET&rft.date=1949-12-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F12%2F22%2F93551942.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/10/06/84222082.pdf">"U. N. FLAG HOISTED OVER NEW BUILDING; The Banner With Olive Branch Flies Atop Completed Steel Structure on East Side AUSTIN HAILS THE SYMBOL Vermont Marble Already Is in Place on Two Walls – Acres of Acoustic Ceilings Planned"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. October 6, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043741/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/10/06/84222082.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.+N.+FLAG+HOISTED+OVER+NEW+BUILDING%3B+The+Banner+With+Olive+Branch+Flies+Atop+Completed+Steel+Structure+on+East+Side+AUSTIN+HAILS+THE+SYMBOL+Vermont+Marble+Already+Is+in+Place+on+Two+Walls+%E2%80%93+Acres+of+Acoustic+Ceilings+Planned&rft.date=1949-10-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F10%2F06%2F84222082.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/03/02/87287245.pdf">"U.N. Will Ask World for Furniture Bids; 37 Nations May Yield Skyscraper Proposals"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. March 2, 1950. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043742/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/03/02/87287245.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+Will+Ask+World+for+Furniture+Bids%3B+37+Nations+May+Yield+Skyscraper+Proposals&rft.date=1950-03-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1950%2F03%2F02%2F87287245.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Press_International1950" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a> (April 25, 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%25208%2FNiagara%2520Falls%2520NY%2520Gazette%2FNiagara%2520Falls%2520NY%2520Gazette%25201950%2520Apr-May%2520Grayscale%2FNiagara%2520Falls%2520NY%2520Gazette%25201950%2520Apr-May%2520Grayscale%2520-%25200606.pdf">"Steel Construction Launched for UN General Assembly"</a> (PDF). Niagara Falls Gazette. p. 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043742/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%208/Niagara%20Falls%20NY%20Gazette/Niagara%20Falls%20NY%20Gazette%201950%20Apr-May%20Grayscale/Niagara%20Falls%20NY%20Gazette%201950%20Apr-May%20Grayscale%20-%200606.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Niagara+Falls+Gazette&rft.atitle=Steel+Construction+Launched+for+UN+General+Assembly&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1950-04-25&rft.au=United+Press+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%2525208%252FNiagara%252520Falls%252520NY%252520Gazette%252FNiagara%252520Falls%252520NY%252520Gazette%2525201950%252520Apr-May%252520Grayscale%252FNiagara%252520Falls%252520NY%252520Gazette%2525201950%252520Apr-May%252520Grayscale%252520-%2525200606.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/23/84292299.pdf">"U. N. STEEL SUPPLY FOR ASSEMBLY SET; But Building Will Not Be Ready for '51 Session – Delay Seen in Transfer to Manhattan"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. December 23, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043743/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/23/84292299.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.+N.+STEEL+SUPPLY+FOR+ASSEMBLY+SET%3B+But+Building+Will+Not+Be+Ready+for+%2751+Session+%E2%80%93+Delay+Seen+in+Transfer+to+Manhattan&rft.date=1949-12-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F12%2F23%2F84292299.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/04/23/88405734.pdf">"RUSH JOB EXTENDS AREA OF U.N. SITE; Section Carrying Acreage Over Roosevelt Drive Speeded Into Place"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. April 23, 1950. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043743/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/04/23/88405734.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RUSH+JOB+EXTENDS+AREA+OF+U.N.+SITE%3B+Section+Carrying+Acreage+Over+Roosevelt+Drive+Speeded+Into+Place&rft.date=1950-04-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1950%2F04%2F23%2F88405734.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett1950" class="citation news cs1">Barrett, George (July 1, 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/07/01/94267064.pdf">"NORWAY MAKES BID TO EQUIP U.N. ROOM; Offer to Decorate and Furnish Security Council Chamber Is Accepted Informally"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043743/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/07/01/94267064.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NORWAY+MAKES+BID+TO+EQUIP+U.N.+ROOM%3B+Offer+to+Decorate+and+Furnish+Security+Council+Chamber+Is+Accepted+Informally&rft.date=1950-07-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1950%2F07%2F01%2F94267064.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/16/84232918.pdf">"Moses Wants Acre of Land In U. N. Site for Playground; MOSES WANTS ACRE OF U. N. PROPERTY"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. December 16, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043743/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/16/84232918.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Moses+Wants+Acre+of+Land+In+U.+N.+Site+for+Playground%3B+MOSES+WANTS+ACRE+OF+U.+N.+PROPERTY&rft.date=1949-12-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F12%2F16%2F84232918.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/17/86909507.pdf">"Moses Faces Rebuff on U.N. Playground"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. December 17, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043743/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/12/17/86909507.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Moses+Faces+Rebuff+on+U.N.+Playground&rft.date=1949-12-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1949%2F12%2F17%2F86909507.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1951/04/07/archives/lie-agrees-to-have-playground-at-un-area-at-corner-of-east-river.html">"LIE AGREES TO HAVE PLAYGROUND AT U.N.; Area at Corner of East River Headquarters Will Be Set Aside for Children MOSES PERSUASION WINS Peace Body Will Pay Costs-- Assembly Building Now to Be Ready in Mid-1952"</a>. The New York Times. April 7, 1951. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180439/http://www.nytimes.com/1951/04/07/archives/lie-agrees-to-have-playground-at-un-area-at-corner-of-east-river.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=LIE+AGREES+TO+HAVE+PLAYGROUND+AT+U.N.%3B+Area+at+Corner+of+East+River+Headquarters+Will+Be+Set+Aside+for+Children+MOSES+PERSUASION+WINS+Peace+Body+Will+Pay+Costs--+Assembly+Building+Now+to+Be+Ready+in+Mid-1952&rft.date=1951-04-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1951%2F04%2F07%2Farchives%2Flie-agrees-to-have-playground-at-un-area-at-corner-of-east-river.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouchheim1951" class="citation news cs1">Louchheim, Aline B. (October 7, 1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1951/10/07/90488632.pdf">"U. N. Rejects 'Model Playground; Moses' Project Is Accepted Instead; MODEL PLAY AREA REJECTED BY U.N."</a> (PDF). The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043744/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1951/10/07/90488632.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.+N.+Rejects+%27Model+Playground%3B+Moses%27+Project+Is+Accepted+Instead%3B+MODEL+PLAY+AREA+REJECTED+BY+U.N.&rft.date=1951-10-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Louchheim&rft.aufirst=Aline+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1951%2F10%2F07%2F90488632.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/04/21/archives/lie-helps-to-open-first-ave-tunnel.html">"Lie Helps to Open First Ave. Tunnel"</a>. The New York Times. April 21, 1953. Retrieved July 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lie+Helps+to+Open+First+Ave.+Tunnel&rft.date=1953-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1953%2F04%2F21%2Farchives%2Flie-helps-to-open-first-ave-tunnel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalk1950" class="citation news cs1">Falk, Sam (August 22, 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/08/22/95802192.pdf">"450 of U.n. Staff Occupy New Site; U.n. Employes Commence Work in New Quarters"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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Moves in Officially At 39-Story Headquarters"</a> (PDF). Knickerbocker News. p. 6A. 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BUILDING WORK; Failure to Deliver Limestone Holds Up Assembly Hall and May Bar 1952 Session"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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October 30, 1952. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731043744/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1952/10/30/84591607.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2022. 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September 19, 1958. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229221929/https://www.nytimes.com/1958/09/19/archives/united-nations-opens-formal-gardens-to-the-public.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Opens+Formal+Gardens+to+the+Public&rft.date=1958-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1958%2F09%2F19%2Farchives%2Funited-nations-opens-formal-gardens-to-the-public.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1962" class="citation news cs1">Hamilton, Thomas J. 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Retrieved December 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Crowded+U.N.+Seeks+More+Office+Space%3B+U.N.+Seeks+Space+to+Ease+Crowding&rft.date=1962-05-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F05%2F07%2Farchives%2Fcrowded-un-seeks-more-office-space-un-seeks-space-to-ease-crowding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClines1965" class="citation news cs1">Clines, Francis X. (April 8, 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/08/archives/news-of-realty-un-leases-space-offices-for-2-agencies-are-taken-at.html">"News of Realty: U.N. Leases Space; Offices for 2 Agencies Are Taken at 866 U.N. Plaza"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030524/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/08/archives/news-of-realty-un-leases-space-offices-for-2-agencies-are-taken-at.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=News+of+Realty%3A+U.N.+Leases+Space%3B+Offices+for+2+Agencies+Are+Taken+at+866+U.N.+Plaza&rft.date=1965-04-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Clines&rft.aufirst=Francis+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1965%2F04%2F08%2Farchives%2Fnews-of-realty-un-leases-space-offices-for-2-agencies-are-taken-at.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeltsch1966" class="citation news cs1">Teltsch, Kathleen (December 6, 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1966/12/06/archives/civic-group-urges-expansion-of-un-to-tract-on-south-un-may-expand.html">"Civic Group Urges Expansion of U.N. To Tract on South; U.N. MAY EXPAND TO TRACT ON SOUTH"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230080732/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/12/06/archives/civic-group-urges-expansion-of-un-to-tract-on-south-un-may-expand.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Civic+Group+Urges+Expansion+of+U.N.+To+Tract+on+South%3B+U.N.+MAY+EXPAND+TO+TRACT+ON+SOUTH&rft.date=1966-12-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Teltsch&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1966%2F12%2F06%2Farchives%2Fcivic-group-urges-expansion-of-un-to-tract-on-south-un-may-expand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/06/24/archives/ford-offers-help-to-school-at-un-private-institution-planned-at.html">"Ford Offers Help to School at U.N.; Private Institution Planned at Headquarters"</a>. The New York Times. June 24, 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627023402/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/06/24/archives/ford-offers-help-to-school-at-un-private-institution-planned-at.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ford+Offers+Help+to+School+at+U.N.%3B+Private+Institution+Planned+at+Headquarters&rft.date=1964-06-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F06%2F24%2Farchives%2Fford-offers-help-to-school-at-un-private-institution-planned-at.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeltsch1968" class="citation news cs1">Teltsch, Kathleen (April 21, 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/21/archives/towers-parks-and-walkways-are-included-in-proposal-for-un-campus.html">"Towers, Parks and Walkways Are Included in Proposal for U.N. 'Campus'"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030426/https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/21/archives/towers-parks-and-walkways-are-included-in-proposal-for-un-campus.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Towers%2C+Parks+and+Walkways+Are+Included+in+Proposal+for+U.N.+%27Campus%27&rft.date=1968-04-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Teltsch&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1968%2F04%2F21%2Farchives%2Ftowers-parks-and-walkways-are-included-in-proposal-for-un-campus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeltsch1969" class="citation news cs1">Teltsch, Kathleen (November 12, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1969/11/12/archives/massive-complex-proposed-for-un-300million-project-would-be.html">"MASSIVE COMPLEX PROPOSED FOR U.N.; $300-Million Project Would Be Sheathed in Glass Huge $300-Million Complex Is Planned for U.N. Area"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030526/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/11/12/archives/massive-complex-proposed-for-un-300million-project-would-be.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MASSIVE+COMPLEX+PROPOSED+FOR+U.N.%3B+%24300-Million+Project+Would+Be+Sheathed+in+Glass+Huge+%24300-Million+Complex+Is+Planned+for+U.N.+Area&rft.date=1969-11-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Teltsch&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1969%2F11%2F12%2Farchives%2Fmassive-complex-proposed-for-un-300million-project-would-be.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1981-06-07-97"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1981-06-07_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNossiter1981" class="citation news cs1">Nossiter, Bernard D. (June 7, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/07/world/unicef-going-against-trend-plans-big-expansion-notes-on-the-un.html">"UNICEF, Going Against Trend, Plans Big Expansion; Notes on the U.N."</a> The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728201106/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/07/world/unicef-going-against-trend-plans-big-expansion-notes-on-the-un.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=UNICEF%2C+Going+Against+Trend%2C+Plans+Big+Expansion%3B+Notes+on+the+U.N.&rft.date=1981-06-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Nossiter&rft.aufirst=Bernard+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F06%2F07%2Fworld%2Funicef-going-against-trend-plans-big-expansion-notes-on-the-un.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern_(2006)_p._414-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(2006)_p._414_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(2006)_p._414_98-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSternFishmanTilove2006">Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006</a>, p. 414. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeltsch1969" class="citation news cs1">Teltsch, Kathleen (May 9, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1969/05/09/archives/news-of-realty-un-rents-space-acts-to-ease-overcrowding-at-its.html">"NEWS OF REALTY: U.N. RENTS SPACE; Acts to Ease Overcrowding at Its Headquarters"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030204/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/05/09/archives/news-of-realty-un-rents-space-acts-to-ease-overcrowding-at-its.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NEWS+OF+REALTY%3A+U.N.+RENTS+SPACE%3B+Acts+to+Ease+Overcrowding+at+Its+Headquarters&rft.date=1969-05-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Teltsch&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1969%2F05%2F09%2Farchives%2Fnews-of-realty-un-rents-space-acts-to-ease-overcrowding-at-its.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1975-11-21-100"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1975-11-21_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasson1975" class="citation news cs1">Tomasson, Robert E. (November 21, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/21/archives/office-buildinghotel-for-un-is-opened-an-officehotel-for-un-opened.html">"Office Building-Hotel For U.N. Is Opened"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728013314/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/21/archives/office-buildinghotel-for-un-is-opened-an-officehotel-for-un-opened.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Office+Building-Hotel+For+U.N.+Is+Opened&rft.date=1975-11-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Tomasson&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1975%2F11%2F21%2Farchives%2Foffice-buildinghotel-for-un-is-opened-an-officehotel-for-un-opened.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern_(2006)_p._403-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(2006)_p._403_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSternFishmanTilove2006">Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006</a>, p. 403. </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1983-11-13-102"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1983-11-13_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewell1983" class="citation news cs1">Newell, David (November 13, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/13/realestate/waging-peace-in-the-united-nations.html">"Waging Peace in the United Nations"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728013313/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/13/realestate/waging-peace-in-the-united-nations.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Waging+Peace+in+the+United+Nations&rft.date=1983-11-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Newell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F11%2F13%2Frealestate%2Fwaging-peace-in-the-united-nations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1999-10-24-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1999-10-24_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1999-10-24_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWren1999" class="citation news cs1">Wren, Christopher S. (October 24, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/24/nyregion/international-symbol-neglect-u-n-building-unimproved-50-years-shows-its-age.html">"International Symbol of Neglect; U. N. Building, Unimproved in 50 Years, Shows Its Age"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728201109/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/24/nyregion/international-symbol-neglect-u-n-building-unimproved-50-years-shows-its-age.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=International+Symbol+of+Neglect%3B+U.+N.+Building%2C+Unimproved+in+50+Years%2C+Shows+Its+Age&rft.date=1999-10-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wren&rft.aufirst=Christopher+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F10%2F24%2Fnyregion%2Finternational-symbol-neglect-u-n-building-unimproved-50-years-shows-its-age.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p422028690-104"><a href="#cite_ref-p422028690_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarley2005" class="citation news cs1">Farley, Maggie (June 26, 2005). "The World; Going Gets Tough for the U.N.; The World Body Needs a New Headquarters While It Renovates, But Real Estate Options for a 191- Nation Bureaucracy Are Limited in New York". 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Wants Aging Home in New York Fixed Soon"</a>. Poughkeepsie Journal. June 12, 2005. pp. 14A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728213153/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/106499066/un-wants-aging-home-in-new-york-fixed/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2022. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725215812/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/09/17/archives/un-capital-model-shows-much-glass-massive-panes-and-thousands-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2022. 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Retrieved February 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seton+Hall+intensive+Summer+Program+UNA-USA&rft.pub=UNAUSA&rft.date=2016-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shu.edu%2Facademics%2Funited-nations-summer-program.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_pp._25-26-221">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Betsky_Murphy_pp._25-26_221-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Betsky_Murphy_pp._25-26_221-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBetskyMurphy2005">Betsky & Murphy 2005</a>, pp. 25–26. </li> <li id="cite_note-Idato_2014-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Idato_2014_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Idato_2014_222-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdato2014" class="citation web cs1">Idato, Michael (July 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/russia-vetoes-house-of-cards-from-filming-at-the-united-nations-security-council-chamber-20140703-zsu1z.html">"Russia Vetoes House of Cards from Filming at the United Nations' Security Council Chamber"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128200840/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/russia-vetoes-house-of-cards-from-filming-at-the-united-nations-security-council-chamber-20140703-zsu1z.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Russia+Vetoes+House+of+Cards+from+Filming+at+the+United+Nations%27+Security+Council+Chamber&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft.aulast=Idato&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Ftv-and-radio%2Frussia-vetoes-house-of-cards-from-filming-at-the-united-nations-security-council-chamber-20140703-zsu1z.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._25-223">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Betsky_Murphy_p._25_223-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Betsky_Murphy_p._25_223-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBetskyMurphy2005">Betsky & Murphy 2005</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-Betsky_Murphy_p._26-224"><a href="#cite_ref-Betsky_Murphy_p._26_224-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBetskyMurphy2005">Betsky & Murphy 2005</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2005" class="citation news cs1">James, Caryn (April 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/28/movies/a-thriller-stars-the-un-as-itself.html">"A Thriller Stars the U.N., As Itself"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707074928/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/28/movies/a-thriller-stars-the-un-as-itself.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Thriller+Stars+the+U.N.%2C+As+Itself&rft.date=2005-04-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Caryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F04%2F28%2Fmovies%2Fa-thriller-stars-the-un-as-itself.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetskyMurphy2005" class="citation book cs1">Betsky, Aaron; Murphy, Ben (2005). The U.N. Building. London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-34216-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-34216-4"><bdi>0-500-34216-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60667951">60667951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U.N.+Building&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60667951&rft.isbn=0-500-34216-4&rft.aulast=Betsky&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchill1952" class="citation magazine cs1">Churchill, Henry Stern (July 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1952-07.pdf#page=97">"United Nations Headquarters; A Description and Appraisal"</a> (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+Record&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Headquarters%3B+A+Description+and+Appraisal&rft.volume=112&rft.date=1952-07&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=Henry+Stern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusmodernist.org%2FAR%2FAR-1952-07.pdf%23page%3D97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMires2013" class="citation book cs1">Mires, Charlene (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0HHHXevvgs4C">Capital of the World: The Race to Host the United Nations</a>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0794-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0794-4"><bdi>978-0-8147-0794-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital+of+the+World%3A+The+Race+to+Host+the+United+Nations&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-0794-4&rft.aulast=Mires&rft.aufirst=Charlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0HHHXevvgs4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternFishmanTilove2006" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyork2000archi0000ster">New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium</a>. New York: Monacelli Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58093-177-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58093-177-9"><bdi>978-1-58093-177-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70267065">70267065</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22741487M">22741487M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+2000%3A+Architecture+and+Urbanism+Between+the+Bicentennial+and+the+Millennium&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70267065&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL22741487M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-58093-177-9&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.+M.&rft.au=Fishman%2C+David&rft.au=Tilove%2C+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyork2000archi0000ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternMellinsFishman1995" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyork1960archi0000ster">New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial</a>. New York: Monacelli Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-885254-02-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-885254-02-4"><bdi>1-885254-02-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32159240">32159240</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1130718M">1130718M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+1960%3A+Architecture+and+Urbanism+Between+the+Second+World+War+and+the+Bicentennial&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32159240&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL1130718M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=1-885254-02-4&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.+M.&rft.au=Mellins%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Fishman%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyork1960archi0000ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProgressive_Architecture1950" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1950-06.PDF#page=58">"U.N. Headquarters Progress Report"</a> (PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 31. June 1950.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progressive+Architecture&rft.atitle=U.N.+Headquarters+Progress+Report&rft.volume=31&rft.date=1950-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusmodernist.org%2FPA%2FPA-1950-06.PDF%23page%3D58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUN_Chronicle1977" class="citation magazine cs1">"United Nations Headquarters Serves as Meeting Place of World: Construction and Related Costs of Buildings Placed at $73 Million". UN Chronicle. Vol. 14, no. 2. February 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1844328210">1844328210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UN+Chronicle&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Headquarters+Serves+as+Meeting+Place+of+World%3A+Construction+and+Related+Costs+of+Buildings+Placed+at+%2473+Million&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1977-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+of+the+United+Nations" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Nations" title="Template:United Nations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Nations" title="Template talk:United Nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Nations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Nations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amina_J._Mohammed" title="Amina J. Mohammed">Amina J. Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Francis_(diplomat)" title="Dennis Francis (diplomat)"> Dennis Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Preamble to the United Nations Charter">Preamble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">selections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations">Under-Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice" title="Statute of the International Court of Justice">Statute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_elections" title="United Nations Security Council elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Presidency of the United Nations Security Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Reform of the United Nations Security Council">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">Veto power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System#Funds_and_programmes,_research_and_training_institutes,_and_other_bodies" title="United Nations System">Funds, programmes, and other bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">ITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Court_for_Sierra_Leone" title="Special Court for Sierra Leone">SCSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Capital_Development_Fund" title="United Nations Capital Development Fund">UNCDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_International_Trade_Law" title="United Nations Commission on International Trade Law">UNCITRAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Trade_and_Development" title="UN Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Global_Communications" title="United Nations Department of Global Communications">UNDGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">UNDPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">UNEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNEP_OzonAction" title="UNEP OzonAction">OzonAction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRID-Arendal" title="GRID-Arendal">UNEP/GRID-Arendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Monitoring_Centre" title="World Conservation Monitoring Centre">UNEP-WCMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">UNICRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">UNIDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations-Oceans" title="United Nations-Oceans">UN-Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNOSAT" title="UNOSAT">UNOSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">UNRISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">UNSDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">UNSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">UNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNU-CRIS" title="UNU-CRIS">UNU-CRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNU-OP" title="UNU-OP">UNU-OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Volunteers" title="United Nations Volunteers">UNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialized agencies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">WFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat offices and departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">Department of Peace Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Political_and_Peacebuilding_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs">Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Division_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights">Division for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Office at Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Office at Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Office at Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Partnerships" title="United Nations Office for Partnerships">Office for Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Internal_Oversight_Services" title="United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services">Office of Internal Oversight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" title="United Nations Office of Legal Affairs">Office of Legal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Representative_for_the_Least_Developed_Countries,_Landlocked_Developing_Countries_and_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States">Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Envoy_on_Youth" title="Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth">Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Representative_of_the_Secretary-General_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" title="Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Spokesperson_for_the_Secretary-General" title="Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General">Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace">Office on Sport for Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_organizations_by_location" title="List of United Nations organizations by location">UN organizations by location</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Members and observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations#1940s" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Founding members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Current_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Full members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Security Council Permanent members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">Permanent representatives to the UN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_permanent_representatives_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">General Assembly Observers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telegraph Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International Office of Public Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="List of United Nations peacekeeping missions">missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_governed_by_the_United_Nations" title="List of territories governed by the United Nations">governed territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">UNPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">World Heritage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">Resolutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">Security Council vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iraq" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Yemen" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>International Court of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2023 International Court of Justice judges election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2022 International Court of Justice judges election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2021 International Court of Justice judges election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2020 International Court of Justice judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2017 International Court of Justice judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2014 International Court of Justice judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2011 International Court of Justice judges election">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_General_Assembly_presidential_election" title="2016 United Nations General Assembly presidential election">General Assembly President (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2016 United Nations Security Council election">Security Council (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Nations" title="Outline of the United Nations">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advisory_Committee_of_Local_Authorities" title="United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities">Advisory Committee of Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Art Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">Security Council mural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_by_Block_(program)" title="Block by Block (program)">Block By Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_of_International_Staff_Unions_and_Associations_of_the_United_Nations_System" title="Coordinating Committee of International Staff Unions and Associations of the United Nations System">CCISUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_Nations" title="Criticism of the United Nations">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivering_as_One" title="Delivering as One">Delivering as One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Drug control treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations" title="Expulsion from the United Nations">Expulsion from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_Tempore_(magazine)" title="Ex Tempore (magazine)">Ex Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Federal_Credit_Union" title="United Nations Federal Credit Union">Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Civil_Servants%27_Associations" title="Federation of International Civil Servants' Associations">FICSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Honour_Flag" title="United Nations Honour Flag">Honour Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Nations_Initiative" title="Four Nations Initiative">Four Nations Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">Global Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Decade_for_a_Culture_of_Peace_and_Non-Violence_for_the_Children_of_the_World" title="International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World">International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">International School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School_of_Hanoi" title="United Nations International School of Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interpretation_Service" title="United Nations Interpretation Service">Interpretation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer" title="United Nations laissez-passer">laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">Memorial Cemetery Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Staff_Committee" title="Military Staff Committee">Military Staff Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">Millennium Declaration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Summit" title="Millennium Summit">Millennium Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" title="Official languages of the United Nations">Official languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Postal_Administration" title="United Nations Postal Administration">Postal Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations" title="Reform of the United Nations">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Administration_of_Juvenile_Justice" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice">Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_series#United_Nations" title="Treaty series">Treaty Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Mandate" title="UN Mandate">UN Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Sacco_Ltd" title="UN Sacco Ltd">UN Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Special" title="UN Special">UN Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF_club" title="UNICEF club">UNICEF club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day">United Nations Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_in_popular_culture" title="United Nations in popular culture">United Nations in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">United Nations Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_television_film_series" title="United Nations television film series">United Nations television film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" title="Withdrawal from the United Nations">Withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_United_Nations_Associations" title="World Federation of United Nations Associations">World Federation of United Nations Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">Orders, decorations, and medals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Medal" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Medal">Dag Hammarskjöld Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Captain_Mbaye_Diagne_Medal_for_Exceptional_Courage_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/UN_Captain_Mbaye_Diagne_Medal_for_Exceptional_Courage_ribbon.svg/35px-UN_Captain_Mbaye_Diagne_Medal_for_Exceptional_Courage_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/UN_Captain_Mbaye_Diagne_Medal_for_Exceptional_Courage_ribbon.svg/53px-UN_Captain_Mbaye_Diagne_Medal_for_Exceptional_Courage_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/UN_Captain_Mbaye_Diagne_Medal_for_Exceptional_Courage_ribbon.svg/70px-UN_Captain_Mbaye_Diagne_Medal_for_Exceptional_Courage_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Captain_Mbaye_Diagne_Medal" title="Captain Mbaye Diagne Medal">Captain Mbaye Diagne Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peace_Medal" title="United Nations Peace Medal">United Nations Peace Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Medal_UNEF_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/UN_Medal_UNEF_ribbon_bar.svg/35px-UN_Medal_UNEF_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/UN_Medal_UNEF_ribbon_bar.svg/53px-UN_Medal_UNEF_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/UN_Medal_UNEF_ribbon_bar.svg/70px-UN_Medal_UNEF_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Emergency_Force_Medal" title="United Nations Emergency Force Medal">United Nations Emergency Force Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg/35px-United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg/53px-United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg/70px-United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Korea_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Korea Medal">United Nations Korea Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/113px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="436" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Truce_Supervision_Organization" title="United Nations Truce Supervision Organization">UNTSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Military_Observer_Group_in_India_and_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan">UNMOGIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNTSO_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Observation_Group_in_Lebanon" title="United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon">UNOGIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UN_ONUC_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/UN_ONUC_Medal_ribbon.svg/35px-UN_ONUC_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/UN_ONUC_Medal_ribbon.svg/53px-UN_ONUC_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/UN_ONUC_Medal_ribbon.svg/70px-UN_ONUC_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">ONUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNSF_UNTEA_Medal_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/UNSF_UNTEA_Medal_bar.svg/35px-UNSF_UNTEA_Medal_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/UNSF_UNTEA_Medal_bar.svg/53px-UNSF_UNTEA_Medal_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/UNSF_UNTEA_Medal_bar.svg/70px-UNSF_UNTEA_Medal_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="29" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Temporary_Executive_Authority" title="United Nations Temporary Executive Authority">UNTEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNFICYP_Medal_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/UNFICYP_Medal_bar.svg/35px-UNFICYP_Medal_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/UNFICYP_Medal_bar.svg/53px-UNFICYP_Medal_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/UNFICYP_Medal_bar.svg/70px-UNFICYP_Medal_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus">UNFICYP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNMOGIP_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_India-Pakistan_Observation_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission">UNIPOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNEFME_Ribbon_Bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/UNEFME_Ribbon_Bar.gif/35px-UNEFME_Ribbon_Bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/UNEFME_Ribbon_Bar.gif/53px-UNEFME_Ribbon_Bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/UNEFME_Ribbon_Bar.gif/70px-UNEFME_Ribbon_Bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Emergency_Force_II" title="United Nations Emergency Force II">UNEF II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNDOF_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNDOF_BAR.svg/35px-ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNDOF_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNDOF_BAR.svg/53px-ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNDOF_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNDOF_BAR.svg/70px-ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNDOF_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Disengagement_Observer_Force" title="United Nations Disengagement Observer Force">UNDOF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNIFIL_Ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UNIFIL_Ribbon_bar.gif/35px-UNIFIL_Ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UNIFIL_Ribbon_bar.gif/53px-UNIFIL_Ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UNIFIL_Ribbon_bar.gif/70px-UNIFIL_Ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon" title="United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon">UNIFIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNHQ_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/UNHQ_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNHQ_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/UNHQ_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNHQ_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/UNHQ_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNHQ_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Headquarters">UNHQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNIIMOG_Ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/UNIIMOG_Ribbon_bar.gif/35px-UNIIMOG_Ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/UNIIMOG_Ribbon_bar.gif/53px-UNIIMOG_Ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/UNIIMOG_Ribbon_bar.gif/70px-UNIIMOG_Ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_Military_Observer_Group" title="United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group">UNIIMOG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNTAG.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/UNTAG.gif/35px-UNTAG.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/UNTAG.gif/53px-UNTAG.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/UNTAG.gif/70px-UNTAG.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transition_Assistance_Group" title="United Nations Transition Assistance Group">UNTAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ONUCA_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ONUCA_Medal_bar.gif/35px-ONUCA_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ONUCA_Medal_bar.gif/53px-ONUCA_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ONUCA_Medal_bar.gif/70px-ONUCA_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/ONUCA" title="ONUCA">ONUCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNAVEM_Medal_ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/UNAVEM_Medal_ribbon.gif/35px-UNAVEM_Medal_ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/UNAVEM_Medal_ribbon.gif/53px-UNAVEM_Medal_ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/UNAVEM_Medal_ribbon.gif/70px-UNAVEM_Medal_ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Angola_Verification_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Angola Verification Mission">UNAVEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNSSM_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UNSSM_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNSSM_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UNSSM_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNSSM_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UNSSM_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNSSM_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Service_Medal" title="United Nations Special Service Medal">United Nations Special Service Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Medal_MINURSO_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/UN_Medal_MINURSO_ribbon_bar.svg/35px-UN_Medal_MINURSO_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/UN_Medal_MINURSO_ribbon_bar.svg/53px-UN_Medal_MINURSO_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/UN_Medal_MINURSO_ribbon_bar.svg/70px-UN_Medal_MINURSO_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNIKOM_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNIKOM_BAR.svg/35px-ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNIKOM_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNIKOM_BAR.svg/53px-ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNIKOM_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNIKOM_BAR.svg/70px-ONZ_Medal_w_S%C5%82u%C5%BCbie_Pokoju_UNIKOM_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Iraq%E2%80%93Kuwait_Observation_Mission" title="United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission">UNIKOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNAMIC_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/UNAMIC_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNAMIC_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/UNAMIC_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNAMIC_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/UNAMIC_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNAMIC_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advance_Mission_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia">UNAMIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ONUSAL_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ONUSAL_Medal_bar.gif/35px-ONUSAL_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ONUSAL_Medal_bar.gif/53px-ONUSAL_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ONUSAL_Medal_bar.gif/70px-ONUSAL_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/ONUSAL" title="ONUSAL">ONUSAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNTAC_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/UNTAC_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNTAC_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/UNTAC_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNTAC_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/UNTAC_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNTAC_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Authority_in_Cambodia" title="United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia">UNTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNPROFOR_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/UNPROFOR_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNPROFOR_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/UNPROFOR_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNPROFOR_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/UNPROFOR_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNPROFOR_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">UNPROFOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_Medal,_Operation_in_Somalia_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/United_Nations_Medal%2C_Operation_in_Somalia_ribbon.svg/35px-United_Nations_Medal%2C_Operation_in_Somalia_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/United_Nations_Medal%2C_Operation_in_Somalia_ribbon.svg/53px-United_Nations_Medal%2C_Operation_in_Somalia_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/United_Nations_Medal%2C_Operation_in_Somalia_ribbon.svg/70px-United_Nations_Medal%2C_Operation_in_Somalia_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> <a href="/wiki/UNOSOM_II" class="mw-redirect" title="UNOSOM II">UNOSOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Medals_for_Haiti_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/UN_Medals_for_Haiti_bar.gif/35px-UN_Medals_for_Haiti_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/UN_Medals_for_Haiti_bar.gif/53px-UN_Medals_for_Haiti_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/UN_Medals_for_Haiti_bar.gif/70px-UN_Medals_for_Haiti_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_Haiti" title="United Nations Mission in Haiti">UNMIH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNAMIR_Medal_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UNAMIR_Medal_bar.svg/35px-UNAMIR_Medal_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UNAMIR_Medal_bar.svg/53px-UNAMIR_Medal_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UNAMIR_Medal_bar.svg/70px-UNAMIR_Medal_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="20" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Rwanda" title="United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda">UNAMIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNPREDEP_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/UNPREDEP_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNPREDEP_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/UNPREDEP_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNPREDEP_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/UNPREDEP_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNPREDEP_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Preventive_Deployment_Force" title="United Nations Preventive Deployment Force">UNPREDEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNMOP_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/UNMOP_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNMOP_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/UNMOP_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNMOP_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/UNMOP_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNMOP_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_of_Observers_in_Prevlaka" title="United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka">UNMOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNTAES_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/UNTAES_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNTAES_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/UNTAES_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNTAES_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/UNTAES_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNTAES_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Administration_for_Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Sirmium" title="United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium">UNTAES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNMIK_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/UNMIK_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNMIK_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/UNMIK_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNMIK_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/UNMIK_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNMIK_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo">UNMIK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNAMET_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/UNAMET_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNAMET_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/UNAMET_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNAMET_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/UNAMET_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNAMET_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_East_Timor" title="United Nations Mission in East Timor">UNAMET</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Administration_in_East_Timor" title="United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor">UNTAET</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_of_Support_to_East_Timor" title="United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor">UNMISET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:MONUC_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MONUC_Medal_bar.gif/35px-MONUC_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MONUC_Medal_bar.gif/53px-MONUC_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MONUC_Medal_bar.gif/70px-MONUC_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Observer_Mission_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Observer Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">MONUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNMEE_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/UNMEE_Medal_bar.gif/35px-UNMEE_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/UNMEE_Medal_bar.gif/53px-UNMEE_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/UNMEE_Medal_bar.gif/70px-UNMEE_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea" title="United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea">UNMEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNMIL_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/UNMIL_Ribbon_bar.svg/35px-UNMIL_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/UNMIL_Ribbon_bar.svg/53px-UNMIL_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/UNMIL_Ribbon_bar.svg/70px-UNMIL_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="27" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_Liberia" title="United Nations Mission in Liberia">UNMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UNOCI_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/UNOCI_Ribbon_bar.svg/35px-UNOCI_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/UNOCI_Ribbon_bar.svg/53px-UNOCI_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/UNOCI_Ribbon_bar.svg/70px-UNOCI_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="27" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" title="United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire">MINUCI</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" title="United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire">ONUCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Medal_MINURCAT_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/UN_Medal_MINURCAT_ribbon_bar.svg/35px-UN_Medal_MINURCAT_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/UN_Medal_MINURCAT_ribbon_bar.svg/53px-UN_Medal_MINURCAT_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/UN_Medal_MINURCAT_ribbon_bar.svg/70px-UN_Medal_MINURCAT_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_the_Central_African_Republic_and_Chad" title="United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad">MINURCAT II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:MONUC_Medal_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MONUC_Medal_bar.gif/35px-MONUC_Medal_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="35" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MONUC_Medal_bar.gif/53px-MONUC_Medal_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MONUC_Medal_bar.gif/70px-MONUC_Medal_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/MONUSCO" title="MONUSCO">MONUSCO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mandated Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:ICFY_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ICFY_ribbon_bar.svg/35px-ICFY_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ICFY_ribbon_bar.svg/53px-ICFY_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ICFY_ribbon_bar.svg/70px-ICFY_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_the_Former_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia">International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Conference_on_the_Former_Yugoslavia_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia Medal (page does not exist)">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg/35px-NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg/53px-NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg/70px-NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="36" /></a> <a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_Force_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina">SFOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_medal_for_Kosovo_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NATO_medal_for_Kosovo_ribbon.svg/35px-NATO_medal_for_Kosovo_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NATO_medal_for_Kosovo_ribbon.svg/53px-NATO_medal_for_Kosovo_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NATO_medal_for_Kosovo_ribbon.svg/70px-NATO_medal_for_Kosovo_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="36" /></a> <a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">KFOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:TimorEast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/TimorEast.png/35px-TimorEast.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/TimorEast.png/53px-TimorEast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/TimorEast.png/70px-TimorEast.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="188" /></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Force_East_Timor" title="International Force East Timor">INTERFET</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Force_East_Timor_Medal" title="International Force East Timor Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Medal_non-article-5_Balkans_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NATO_Medal_non-article-5_Balkans_ribbon_bar.svg/35px-NATO_Medal_non-article-5_Balkans_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NATO_Medal_non-article-5_Balkans_ribbon_bar.svg/53px-NATO_Medal_non-article-5_Balkans_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NATO_Medal_non-article-5_Balkans_ribbon_bar.svg/70px-NATO_Medal_non-article-5_Balkans_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> <a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal#Non-Article_5_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Non-Article 5 Medal</a> for the Balkans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Medal_ribbon_(Non-Article_5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NATO_Medal_ribbon_%28Non-Article_5%29.svg/35px-NATO_Medal_ribbon_%28Non-Article_5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NATO_Medal_ribbon_%28Non-Article_5%29.svg/53px-NATO_Medal_ribbon_%28Non-Article_5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NATO_Medal_ribbon_%28Non-Article_5%29.svg/70px-NATO_Medal_ribbon_%28Non-Article_5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> <a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Non-Article 5 Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Midtown_(34th–59th_Sts,_east_of_Lexington_Ave)_and_Turtle_Bay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midtown_East,_Manhattan" title="Template:Midtown East, Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midtown_East,_Manhattan" title="Template talk:Midtown East, Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Midtown_East,_Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Midtown East, Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Midtown_(34th–59th_Sts,_east_of_Lexington_Ave)_and_Turtle_Bay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">East Midtown (34th–59th Sts, east of Lexington Ave)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Turtle Bay, Manhattan">Turtle Bay</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">34th–42nd Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/146_East_38th_Street" title="146 East 38th Street">146 East 38th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/152_East_38th_Street" title="152 East 38th Street">152 East 38th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/207_East_36th_Street" title="207 East 36th Street">207 East 36th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/325_East_38th_Street" title="325 East 38th Street">325 East 38th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/333_East_38th_Street" title="333 East 38th Street">333 East 38th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerton_39th_Street_House" title="Allerton 39th Street House">Allerton 39th Street House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Club_/_Estonian_House" title="Civic Club / Estonian House">Civic Club / Estonian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Copper_(building)" title="The Copper (building)">The Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Corinthian_(Manhattan)" title="The Corinthian (Manhattan)">The Corinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_Building" title="Daily News Building">Daily News Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Bowdoin_Stable" title="George S. Bowdoin Stable">George S. Bowdoin Stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_W._Allen_Stable" title="Jonathan W. Allen Stable">Jonathan W. Allen Stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kips_Bay_Brewing_Company" title="Kips Bay Brewing Company">Kips Bay Brewing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Place" title="Manhattan Place">Manhattan Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socony%E2%80%93Mobil_Building" title="Socony–Mobil Building">Socony–Mobil Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_City" title="Tudor City">Tudor City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_34" title="View 34">View 34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">42nd–51st Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Plaza" title="One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza">One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_United_Nations_Plaza" title="One United Nations Plaza">One United Nations Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_United_Nations_Plaza" title="Two United Nations Plaza">Two United Nations Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_United_Nations_Plaza" title="Three United Nations Plaza">Three United Nations Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_United_Nations_Plaza" title="50 United Nations Plaza">50 United Nations Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/219_East_49th_Street" title="219 East 49th Street">219 East 49th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue" title="525 Lexington Avenue">525 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue" title="569 Lexington Avenue">569 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amster_Yard" title="Amster Yard">Amster Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_Apartments" title="Beaux-Arts Apartments">Beaux-Arts Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Tower" title="Beekman Tower">Beekman Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_J._Kaufmann_Conference_Center" title="Edgar J. Kaufmann Conference Center">Edgar J. Kaufmann Conference Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation_Center_for_Social_Justice" title="Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice">Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lescaze_House" title="Lescaze House">Lescaze House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_House" title="Luxembourg House">Luxembourg House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_World_Tower" title="Trump World Tower">Trump World Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_City" title="Tudor City">Tudor City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_House" title="Turkish House">Turkish House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay_Gardens_Historic_District" title="Turtle Bay Gardens Historic District">Turtle Bay Gardens</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Nations headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">51st–59th Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Sutton_Place_South" title="One Sutton Place South">One Sutton Place South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_Beekman_Place" title="23 Beekman Place">23 Beekman Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/252_East_57th_Street" title="252 East 57th Street">252 East 57th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/300_East_57th_Street" title="300 East 57th Street">300 East 57th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/303_East_51st_Street" title="303 East 51st Street">303 East 51st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/312_and_314_East_53rd_Street" title="312 and 314 East 53rd Street">312 and 314 East 53rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/599_Lexington_Avenue" title="599 Lexington Avenue">599 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/731_Lexington_Avenue" title="731 Lexington Avenue">731 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/919_Third_Avenue" title="919 Third Avenue">919 Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center">Citigroup Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_Building" title="Lipstick Building">Lipstick Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modulightor_Building" title="Modulightor Building">Modulightor Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_House_(New_York_City)" title="River House (New York City)">River House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Guest_House" title="Rockefeller Guest House">Rockefeller Guest House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sovereign" title="The Sovereign">The Sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_House_(Manhattan)" title="Sutton House (Manhattan)">Sutton House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Side_Airline_Terminal" title="East Side Airline Terminal">East Side Airline Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kips_Bay_Generating_Station" title="Kips Bay Generating Station">Kips Bay Generating Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterside_Generating_Station" title="Waterside Generating Station">Waterside Generating Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shops, restaurants, nightlife</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Clarke%27s" title="P. J. Clarke's">P. J. Clarke's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarge%27s_Deli" title="Sarge's Deli">Sarge's Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shun_Lee_Palace" title="Shun Lee Palace">Shun Lee Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparks_Steak_House" title="Sparks Steak House">Sparks Steak House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi_Amane" title="Sushi Amane">Sushi Amane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi_Yasuda" title="Sushi Yasuda">Sushi Yasuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempura_Matsui" title="Tempura Matsui">Tempura Matsui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhouse_Bar" title="Townhouse Bar">Townhouse Bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums/venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_ImaginAsian" title="The ImaginAsian">The ImaginAsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Society_(Manhattan)" title="Japan Society (Manhattan)">Japan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Playhouse_School_of_the_Theatre" title="Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre">Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie_Gallery" title="Trygve Lie Gallery">Trygve Lie Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Benjamin_Royal_Sonesta_New_York" title="The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York">The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Lexington Hotel (New York City)">Lexington Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Hilton_New_York_One_UN_Plaza" title="Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza">Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Westin_New_York_Grand_Central_Hotel" title="The Westin New York Grand Central Hotel">The Westin New York Grand Central Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Plaza_Hotel" title="Belmont Plaza Hotel">Belmont Plaza Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Nicholson" title="Café Nicholson">Café Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Retreat" title="Caesar's Retreat">Caesar's Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Cella" title="Christ Cella">Christ Cella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Club" title="Cloud Club">Cloud Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convivio_(restaurant)" title="Convivio (restaurant)">Convivio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costello%27s" title="Costello's">Costello's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue" title="525 Lexington Avenue">DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Metropolitan New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Morocco" title="El Morocco">El Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Embers_(nightclub)" title="The Embers (nightclub)">The Embers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_(restaurant)" title="Lafayette (restaurant)">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Cirque" title="Le Cirque">Le Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Club" title="Le Club">Le Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A8ce_(restaurant)" title="Lutèce (restaurant)">Lutèce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mischa_(restaurant)" title="Mischa (restaurant)">Mischa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Murray Hill Theatre (Broadway)">Murray Hill Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Peaceful_Arts" title="Museum of the Peaceful Arts">Museum of the Peaceful Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neary%27s" title="Neary's">Neary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue" title="569 Lexington Avenue">New York Marriott East Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_(restaurant)" title="Tulsi (restaurant)">Tulsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vong_(restaurant)" title="Vong (restaurant)">Vong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_points_of_interest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other points of interest</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Green spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amster_Yard" title="Amster Yard">Amster Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Plaza" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza">Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River_Greenway" title="East River Greenway">East River Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenacre_Park" title="Greenacre Park">Greenacre Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Playground" title="MacArthur Playground">MacArthur Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Detmold_Park" title="Peter Detmold Park">Peter Detmold Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses_Playground" title="Robert Moses Playground">Robert Moses Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vartan_Park" title="St. Vartan Park">St. Vartan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie_Plaza" title="Trygve Lie Plaza">Trygve Lie Plaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Cathedral High School (New York City)">Cathedral High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="High School of Art and Design">High School of Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Kennedy_International_School" title="Lyceum Kennedy International School">Lyceum Kennedy International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.S._135" title="P.S. 135">P.S. 135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stern_College_for_Women" title="Stern College for Women">Stern College for Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Center_for_the_United_Nations" title="Church Center for the United Nations">Church Center for the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Covenant_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Covenant (Manhattan)">Church of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Family_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Holy Family (Manhattan)">Church of the Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Agnes Church (New York City)">St. Agnes Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Boniface_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Boniface Church (New York City)">St. Boniface Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gabriel_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Gabriel Church (Manhattan)">St. Gabriel Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Evangelist_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. John the Evangelist Church (Manhattan)">St. John the Evangelist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vartan_Armenian_Cathedral" title="St. Vartan Armenian Cathedral">St. Vartan Armenian Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place_Synagogue" title="Sutton Place Synagogue">Sutton Place Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transportation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transportation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Grand Central–42nd Street station">Grand Central–42nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/51st_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/51st Street station">Lexington Avenue/51st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/59th_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/59th Street station">Lexington Avenue/59th Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railroad, ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Madison" title="Grand Central Madison">Grand Central Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_34th_Street_Ferry_Landing" title="East 34th Street Ferry Landing">East 34th Street Ferry Landing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="First Avenue (Manhattan)">First Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Second Avenue (Manhattan)">Second Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="34th Street (Manhattan)">34th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="50th Street (Manhattan)">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)" title="51st Street (Manhattan)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Place" title="Beekman Place">Beekman Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">Sutton Place</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Murray Hill, Manhattan">Murray Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniffen_Court_Historic_District" title="Sniffen Court Historic District">Sniffen Court Historic District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_6" title="Manhattan Community Board 6">Manhattan Community Board 6</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11297#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11297#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11297#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/110309-X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85139761">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12219994t">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12219994t">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282106305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/10000066">Structurae</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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