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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_civil_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_civil_wars"> <div 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ourworldindata_uk-defence-spending-as-a-percentage-of-gdp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ourworldindata_uk-defence-spending-as-a-percentage-of-gdp.png/220px-Ourworldindata_uk-defence-spending-as-a-percentage-of-gdp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ourworldindata_uk-defence-spending-as-a-percentage-of-gdp.png/330px-Ourworldindata_uk-defence-spending-as-a-percentage-of-gdp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ourworldindata_uk-defence-spending-as-a-percentage-of-gdp.png/440px-Ourworldindata_uk-defence-spending-as-a-percentage-of-gdp.png 2x" data-file-width="2964" data-file-height="2069" /></a><figcaption>Defence spending in the UK</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Benjamin_West_005.jpg/220px-Benjamin_West_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Benjamin_West_005.jpg/330px-Benjamin_West_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Benjamin_West_005.jpg/440px-Benjamin_West_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The Death of General Wolfe</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>military history of the United Kingdom</b> covers the period from the creation of the united <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>, with the political union of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> in 1707,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the present day. </p><p>From the 18th century onwards, with the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and the country's industrial strength, the British military became one of the most powerful and technologically advanced militaries in Europe and the world. Its navy in particular, with major bases in four <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fortress" title="Imperial fortress">Imperial fortresses</a> and coaling stations surrounding the globe, was the world's greatest naval force from the 18th to the mid-20th century. British military declined in the mid-20th century as did those of the traditional European continental powers following the two world wars, decolonisation, and the rise of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as the new superpowers. However, Britain remains a major military power with frequent military interventions around the world since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> in 1991. The present-day <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> encompass the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. </p><p>Britain has been <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars involving Great Britain">involved in a great many armed conflicts</a> since the union in 1707, on all continents except for Antarctica. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="18th_century">18th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> (1702–13) - <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, later Great Britain, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>, were allied against France and Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a> (1702–13)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite Rebellions</a> (1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) - Civil War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Moor_Skirmish" title="Clifton Moor Skirmish">Clifton Moor Skirmish</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a> (1745) - last land battle in England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a> (1746) - last land battle in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Quadruple_Alliance" title="War of the Quadruple Alliance">War of the Quadruple Alliance</a> (1718–20) - Great Britain, France, Austria and the Dutch Republic v. <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1727%E2%80%931729)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)">Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> (1739–42) - Great Britain v. Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> (1742–48) - Great Britain, Austria and the Dutch Republic v. France and Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> (1756–63) - the first "world war" <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> & Seven Years' War is the same War (1754–63) - Great Britain, Hanover, Portugal, and Prussia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Cherokee_War" title="Anglo-Cherokee War">Anglo-Cherokee War</a> (1759–63) - Britain v. <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee nation">Cherokee nation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac's Rebellion">Pontiac's Rebellion</a> (1763–66) - Britain v. <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">American Indian</a> coalition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1766–69) - Britain v. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (1775–83) - Britain v. United States, France, Netherlands & Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1775–82) - Britain v. <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Fourth Anglo-Dutch War</a> (1780–84) - Britain v. the Dutch Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1780–84) - <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1789–92) - India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars" title="Australian frontier wars">Australian frontier wars</a> (1788–1930s) - Britain v. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aborigine" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aborigine">Australian Aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> (1793–1802) - Great Britain, Austria, Spain, Russia and Germany v. France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars#War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="French Revolutionary Wars">War of the First Coalition</a> (1793–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars#War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="French Revolutionary Wars">War of the Second Coalition</a> (1798–1801)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1798–99) - India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion</a> (1798) - Britain v. <a href="/wiki/United_Irishmen" class="mw-redirect" title="United Irishmen">United Irishmen</a> and France.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century">19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars" title="Australian frontier wars">Australian frontier wars</a> (1788–1930s)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> (1793–1802) - Great Britain, Austria, Spain, Russia, Prussia, French Royalists v. French Revolutionaries<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars#War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="French Revolutionary Wars">War of the First Coalition</a> (1793–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars#War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="French Revolutionary Wars">War of the Second Coalition</a> (1798–1801)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> (1803–15) - United Kingdom, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, Spain, Portugal and Russia v. France<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_invasions_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasions of the Río de la Plata">South American War</a> (1806–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Turkish_War_(1807%E2%80%931809)" title="Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1807–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a> (1807–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat_War" title="Gunboat War">Gunboat War</a> (1807–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> (1808–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a> (1815)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Wars" title="Kandyan Wars">First Kandyan War</a> (1803–04) - Sri Lanka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1803–05) - India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a> (1806) - India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> (1812–15) - Britain v. United States.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a> (1814–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Wars" title="Kandyan Wars">Second Kandyan War</a> (1815) - Sri Lanka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1817–18) - India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti_wars" title="Anglo-Ashanti wars">Anglo-Ashanti wars</a> (1823–1900) - Ghana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="First Anglo-Burmese War">First Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1824–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_Rebellion" title="Upper Canada Rebellion">Upper Canada Rebellion</a> (1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada_Rebellion" title="Lower Canada Rebellion">Lower Canada Rebellion</a> (1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1839%E2%80%931841)" title="Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)">Syrian War</a> (1839–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1839–42) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghazni" title="Battle of Ghazni">Battle of Ghazni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> (1839–42) - United Kingdom v. China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior campaign</a> (1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a> (1845–46) - India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a> (1843–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a> (1848–49) - India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Second Anglo-Burmese War">Second Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1852–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> (1854–56) - United Kingdom, France, Ottoman Empire, and Piedmont-Sardinia v. Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a> (1856–60) - United Kingdom and France v. China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_War" title="Anglo-Persian War">Anglo-Persian War</a> (1856–57) - United Kingdom and Persia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_War_(1859)" title="Pig War (1859)">Pig War</a> (1859) - United Kingdom v. US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Bhutanese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Bhutanese War">Anglo-Bhutanese War</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="1868 Expedition to Abyssinia">Expedition to Abyssinia</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1878–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Boer_War" title="First Boer War">First Boer War</a> (1880–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun War">Gun War</a> (1880–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a> (1881–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Third Anglo-Burmese War">Third Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkim Expedition">Sikkim Expedition</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zanzibar_War" title="Anglo-Zanzibar War">Anglo-Zanzibar War</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirah_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirah Campaign">Tirah Campaign</a> (1897–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> (1900) - United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, US, and China</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Aro_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Aro war">Anglo-Aro war</a> (1901–02) - Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">British expedition to Tibet</a> (1903–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United Kingdom during World War I">World War I (1914–18)</a> - Britain, France, Belgium, Serbia, Italy, Russia, United States vs Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation in World War I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916) - Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a> (1918–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish War">Anglo-Irish War</a> (1919–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1939–45) <i>see <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> (1937–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a> (1941)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Zionist_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="British–Zionist conflict">British–Zionist conflict of Palestine</a> (1945–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a> (1946–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> (1946–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> (1948–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> (1950–53) <i>see <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Korean_War" title="United Kingdom in the Korean War">United Kingdom in the Korean War</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Mau Mau Uprising">Mau Mau Uprising</a> (1952–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Cyprus#Proposed_union_with_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history of Cyprus">Cyprus Emergency</a> (1955–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Revolt">Brunei Revolt</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Dhofar Rebellion</a> (1962–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia-Malaysia_confrontation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation</a> (1963–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a> (1963–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Troubles">Northern Ireland Troubles</a> (1969–mid-1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Cod War">Cod War Confrontation</a> (1975–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> (1979–89) <i>see <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="United Kingdom in the Soviet–Afghan War">United Kingdom in the Soviet–Afghan War</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Embassy_Siege" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Embassy Siege">Iranian Embassy Siege</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> (1990–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> (1992–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_bombing_of_Iraq" title="1998 bombing of Iraq">Operation Desert Fox</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a> (1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Palliser" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Palliser">Sierra Leone Civil War</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> (2001–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somali Civil War (2009–present)</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2012–Ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict">Northern Mali conflict</a> (2013–Ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIS">Military intervention against ISIS</a> (2014–Ongoing)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan civil war">Libyan Civil War</a> (2011) <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War</a> (2018)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_civil_wars">List of civil wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of civil wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite Rebellions</a> (1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) - the last civil war in Great Britain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Moor_Skirmish" title="Clifton Moor Skirmish">Clifton Moor Skirmish</a>, near Penrith (1745) - the last land battle on <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> soil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a> (1746) - the last land battle in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_all_military_equipment_current_and_former_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of all military equipment current and former of the United Kingdom">List of all military equipment current and former of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war_by_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of war by the United Kingdom">Declaration of war by the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army" title="History of the British Army">History of the British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Royal Navy">History of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="History of the Royal Marines">History of the Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="History of the Royal Air Force">History of the Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars involving Great Britain">List of wars involving Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_in_Great_Britain" title="List of wars in Great Britain">List of wars in Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_England" title="Military history of England">Military history of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Scotland" title="Military history of Scotland">Military history of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Ireland" title="Military history of Ireland">Military history of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_British_diplomatic_history" title="Timeline of British diplomatic history">Timeline of British diplomatic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">French and Indian Wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/">Acts of Union 1707</a> parliament.uk, accessed 31 December 2010; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/uniting.htm">Uniting the kingdom?</a> nationalarchives.gov.uk, accessed 31 December 2010; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf">Making the Act of Union 1707</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511140052/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-05-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> scottish.parliament.uk, accessed 31 December 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Falkner, <i>The War of the Spanish Succession 1701 – 1714</i> (Pen & Sword, 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Sadler, <i>Culloden: The last charge of the highland clans 1746</i> (Tempus, 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Harkness, "Americanism and Jenkins' Ear." <i>Mississippi Valley Historical Review</i> 37.1 (1950): 61-90 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1888755">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Dunne, "1798 and the United Irishmen." <i>The Irish Review</i> (1998): 54-66 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29735889">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Stanley, <i>The Remote Garrison: The British Army in Australia 1788–1870</i> (1986).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur Bryant, <i>Years of Endurance 1793–1802</i> (1942)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur Bryant, <i>Years of victory, 1802-1812</i> (1942).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremy Black, "A British View of the Naval War of 1812". <i>Naval History Magazine</i> (August 2008). 22#5 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2008/august/british-view-naval-war-1812">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy J. Stapleton, ed. <i>Encyclopedia of African Colonial Conflicts</i> (ABC-CLIO, 2016). vol 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian F.W. Beckett, <i>The Great war</i> (2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/may/02/first-british-troops-arrive-in-somalia-as-part-of-un-mission">"First British troops arrive in Somalia as part of UN mission"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. May 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=First+British+troops+arrive+in+Somalia+as+part+of+UN+mission&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2016%2Fmay%2F02%2Ffirst-british-troops-arrive-in-somalia-as-part-of-un-mission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+history+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/8104119/Cargo-bomb-plot-SAS-hunting-al-Qaeda-in-Yemen.html">"Cargo bomb plot: SAS hunting al-Qaeda in Yemen"</a>. the telegraph. 2 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cargo+bomb+plot%3A+SAS+hunting+al-Qaeda+in+Yemen&rft.pub=the+telegraph&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fterrorism-in-the-uk%2F8104119%2FCargo-bomb-plot-SAS-hunting-al-Qaeda-in-Yemen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+history+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/uk-and-us-spend-millions-to-counter-yemeni-threat-2121366.html">"UK and US spend millions to counter Yemeni threat"</a></span>. <i>the independent</i>. 30 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220514/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/uk-and-us-spend-millions-to-counter-yemeni-threat-2121366.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+independent&rft.atitle=UK+and+US+spend+millions+to+counter+Yemeni+threat&rft.date=2010-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fpolitics%2Fuk-and-us-spend-millions-to-counter-yemeni-threat-2121366.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+history+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Colley, "What's in it for Us: Responses to the UK's Strategic Narrative on Intervention in Libya." <i>RUSI Journal</i> 160.4 (2015): 60-69.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Black, Jeremy. <i>Britain as a military power, 1688-1815</i> (Routledge, 2002).</li> <li>Black, Jeremy. <i>A military history of Britain: from 1775 to the present</i> (2008)</li> <li>Chandler, David, and Ian Beckett, eds. <i>The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army</i> (1994)</li> <li>Colley, Thomas. <i>Always at War: British Public Narratives of War</i> (U of Michigan Press, 2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=54884">online review</a></li> <li>Fortescue, J. W. <i>A history of the British army</i> (19v 1899–1930) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=Fortescue%2C%20%22British%20army%27%27">online</a></li> <li>Higham, John, ed. <i>A Guide to the Sources of British Military History</i> (2015) 654 pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOGoCgAAQBAJ&q=George+Clark++Later+Stuarts+1660-1714">excerpt</a></li> <li>Holmes, Richard. <i>Redcoat: the British soldier in the age of horse and musket</i> (WW Norton & Company, 2002).</li> <li>Usher, George. <i>Dictionary of British military history</i> (A&C Black, 2009).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_with_Scotland_(Amendment)_Act_1707" title="Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707">Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Britain" title="Interwar Britain">Interwar</a></li> <li>Second World War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">civilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">military</a></li></ul></li> <li>Postwar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social history of Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">social</a></li></ul></li> <li>Since 1979 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Maritime history of the United Kingdom">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mass_surveillance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of mass surveillance in the United Kingdom">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">Women's history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of towns in the United Kingdom">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">Former colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coastline of the United Kingdom">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Great_Britain" title="Geology of Great Britain">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_and_lochs_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of lakes and lochs of the United Kingdom">Lakes and lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of rivers of the United Kingdom">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of volcanoes in the United Kingdom">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_resources_produced_and_traded_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom">Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiesel in the United Kingdom">biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom">hydraulic frac.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom#Ocean_power" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">wind</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fishing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">Hunting</a></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mining in the United Kingdom">mining</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wildlife <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Great_Britain" title="Fauna of Great Britain">fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Flora of Great Britain and Ireland">flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Corruption in the United Kingdom">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_parliamentary_by-elections" title="UK parliamentary by-elections">By-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Human rights in the United Kingdom">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Kingdom">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">republicanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_leaders_of_British_political_parties" title="List of female leaders of British political parties">Female party leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scandals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political scandals in the United Kingdom">Political scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(United_Kingdom)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic geography of the United Kingdom">Economic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Income in the United Kingdom">Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_United_Kingdom,_the_British_Crown_Dependencies_and_United_Kingdom_Overseas_Territories" title="List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories">Stock exchanges</a> (<a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Exchange</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Air transport in the United Kingdom">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus transport">Bus transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Driving in the United Kingdom">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United Kingdom">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Society of the United Kingdom">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis in the United Kingdom">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Drug policy of the United Kingdom">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_inequality_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom">Environmental inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental issues in the United Kingdom">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Health in the United Kingdom">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">Homelessness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunger in the United Kingdom">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_immigration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern immigration to the United Kingdom">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries" title="List of British innovations and discoveries">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_regions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of British regions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mental health in the United Kingdom">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prostitution in the United Kingdom">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public holidays in the United Kingdom">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_care_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social care in the United Kingdom">Social care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social class in the United Kingdom">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Suicide in the United Kingdom">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universal basic income in the United Kingdom">Universal basic income (UBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Welfare state in the United Kingdom">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Art of the United Kingdom">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_national_identity" title="British national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sport in the United Kingdom">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_the_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of the British">Stereotypes of the British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_society" title="English society">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_English_history" title="Timeline of English history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_England" title="Healthcare in England">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_England" title="National symbols of England">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Geography_and_climate" title="Northern Ireland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Culture of Northern Ireland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Symbols" title="Northern Ireland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Scotland" title="Healthcare in Scotland">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Outline of the United Kingdom">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_United_Kingdom%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of United Kingdom–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom" title="Category:United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministry_of_Defence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Template:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministry_of_Defence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Main_Building" title="Ministry of Defence Main Building">Main Building, Whitehall</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Service branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">Naval Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">By <a href="/wiki/Nations_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nations of the United Kingdom">nation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Scotland" title="Armed forces in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Wales" title="Armed forces in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_in_the_British_Armed_Forces" title="Irish in the British Armed Forces">the Irish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Defence_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Defence Council of the United Kingdom">Defence Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)#Senior_officials" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Political</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_the_Armed_Forces" title="Minister of State for the Armed Forces">Minister of State for the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Defence_Procurement_and_Industry" title="Minister of State for Defence Procurement and Industry">Minister of State for Defence Procurement and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Defence" title="Minister of State for Defence">Minister of State for Defence</a> (House of Lords)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Veterans_and_People" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Veterans and People">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Veterans and People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chiefs of Staff Committee">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Strategic_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Strategic Command">Commander Strategic Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_People" title="Chief of Defence People">Chief of Defence People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence">Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scientific_Adviser_to_the_Ministry_of_Defence" title="Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence">Chief Scientific Adviser</a></li> <li>Director-General Finance</li> <li>Director-General Head Office and Commissioning Services</li> <li>Director-General Nuclear</li> <li>Director-General Security Policy</li> <li>Lead Non-Executive Board Member</li> <li>Non-Executive Defence Board Member and Chair of the People Committee</li> <li>Non-Executive Defence Board Member and Chair of the Defence Audit Committee</li> <li>Non-Executive Defence Board Member and Chair of the Defence Equipment and Support Board</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service boards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Board_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty Board (United Kingdom)">Admiralty Board</a> (<a href="/wiki/Navy_Board_(1964%E2%80%93present)" title="Navy Board (1964–present)">Navy Board</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Board" title="Army Board">Army Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Board" title="Air Force Board">Air Force Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Command_(Royal_Navy)" title="Navy Command (Royal Navy)">Navy Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Headquarters_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Headquarters (United Kingdom)">Army Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Air_Command" title="RAF Air Command"> Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Command_(United_Kingdom)" title="Strategic Command (United Kingdom)">Strategic Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arm's-length bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Equipment_and_Support" title="Defence Equipment and Support">Defence Equipment and Support</a> (DE&S)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Laboratory" title="Defence Science and Technology Laboratory">Defence Science and Technology Laboratory</a> (DSTL)</li> <li>Submarine Delivery Agency (SDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Hydrographic_Office" title="United Kingdom Hydrographic Office">United Kingdom Hydrographic Office</a> (UKHO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">Top-level budget agencies<br />managed on an arm's-length basis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Business_Services" title="Defence Business Services">Defence Business Services</a> (DBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Infrastructure_Organisation" title="Defence Infrastructure Organisation">Defence Infrastructure Organisation</a> (DIO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Digital">Defence Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Nuclear_Organisation" title="Defence Nuclear Organisation">Defence Nuclear Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Police" title="Ministry of Defence Police">Ministry of Defence Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulatory organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Safety_Authority" title="Defence Safety Authority">Defence Safety Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Source_Regulations_Office" title="Single Source Regulations Office">Single Source Regulations Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence" title="Defence Intelligence">Defence Intelligence</a> (under Strategic Command)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretariat_19" title="Defence Secretariat 19">Defence Secretariat 19</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">Non-departmental<br />public bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_Museum" title="National Army Museum">National Army Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="National Museum of the Royal Navy">National Museum of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Museum" title="Royal Air Force Museum">Royal Air Force Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Public corporations">Public corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Pipelines_Agency" title="Oil and Pipelines Agency">Oil and Pipelines Agency</a> (OPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Forgemasters" title="Sheffield Forgemasters">Sheffield Forgemasters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Category:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_history_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_history_of_Europe" title="Template:Military history of Europe"><abbr 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<li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Armenia" title="Military history of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Austria" title="Military history of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Azerbaijan" title="Military history of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Belarus#History" title="Armed Forces of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces#Historyt" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Historya" title="Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces#History_of_the_Bulgarian_Army" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Croatia" title="Military history of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard#History" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Czech_Republic#History" title="Army of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Denmark" title="Military history of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Estonia" title="Military history of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Finland" title="Military history of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France" title="Military history of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Georgia" title="Military history of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Germany" title="Military history of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece" title="Military history of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Hungary" title="Military history of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Iceland" title="Military history of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Ireland" title="Military history of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan#History" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Armed_Forces#History" title="Latvian National Armed Forces">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Liechtenstein" title="Military history of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces#History" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Luxembourg" title="Military history of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta#History" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova#History" title="Armed Forces of the 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href="/wiki/Slovak_Armed_Forces" title="Slovak Armed Forces">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces#History" title="Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Spain" title="Military history of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Sweden" title="Military history of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Turkey" title="Military history of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine#History" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></th><td 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