CINXE.COM
ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye | Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye | Water, Air, & Soil Pollution </title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The sol–gel process was applied to prepare ZnO-saponite nanocomposite for environmental remediation and investigation of photocatalysis mechanisms. The..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="11270"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2024 235:10"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-09-02"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="The sol–gel process was applied to prepare ZnO-saponite nanocomposite for environmental remediation and investigation of photocatalysis mechanisms. The nanocomposite followed the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model dye under irradiation with visible light. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Point of zero charges (Pcz), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Reuse, the effect of scavengers, and toxicity were also investigated. The results showed an effective incorporation of the semiconductor on the surface of the support, forming a hexagonal structure with the wurtzite phase of ZnO. The evaluation of texture and morphology showed the effective distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of the synthesized photocatalyst. The intensified adsorption/photocatalysis process using saponite-based nanocomposite achieved more than 85% RhB dye removal efficiency after 270&nbsp;min. It followed presented pseudo-first-order kinetics with a constant equal to 6.627 × 10–1&nbsp;min−1. Furthermore, the evaluation of the effect of scavengers indicated that alcohol played an important role in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. It was stable after evaluating the catalyst after successive cycles, maintaining its structure, as FTIR proved. Furthermore, the studied nanocomposites did not show evidence of toxicity, thus being promising candidates for application in the removal of polluting dye."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="1573-2932"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-09-02"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="235"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="10"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="1"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="21"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Water Air Soil Pollut"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer International Publishing"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1573-2932"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="235"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="10"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/10"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/09/02"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="21"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Article"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"/> <meta name="size" content="291566"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="The sol–gel process was applied to prepare ZnO-saponite nanocomposite for environmental remediation and investigation of photocatalysis mechanisms. T"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Damaceno, Dihêgo H."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Trigueiro, Pollyana"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Lima, Luciano Clécio Brandão"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Honorio, Luzia M."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Peña-Garcia, Ramón"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Furtini, Marcelo B."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Guerra, Yuset"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Fonseca, Maria Gardennia"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="da Silva-Filho, Edson C."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Jaber, Maguy"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Osajima, Josy A."/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Environment, general"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Water Quality/Water Pollution"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Soil Science & Conservation"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Hydrogeology"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Akkari, M., Aranda, P., Ben Rhaiem, H., Ben Haj Amara, A., & Ruiz-Hitzky, E. (2016). ZnO/clay nanoarchitectures: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation as photocatalysts. Applied Clay Science, 131, 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.12.013 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hazardous Materials; citation_title=Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO2-based photocatalysts: A review; citation_author=UG Akpan, BH Hameed; citation_volume=170; citation_issue=2–3; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=520-529; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.039; citation_id=CR2"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chemosphere; citation_title=Elimination of rhodamine B from textile wastewater using nanoparticle photocatalysts: A review for sustainable approaches; citation_author=AK Al-Buriahi, AA Al-Gheethi, P Senthil Kumar, RMS Radin Mohamed, H Yusof, AF Alshalif, NA Khalifa; citation_volume=287; citation_issue=P2; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=132162; citation_doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132162; citation_id=CR3"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chemosphere; citation_title=Sustainable approaches for removing Rhodamine B dye using agricultural waste adsorbents: A review; citation_author=AA Al-Gheethi, QM Azhar, P Senthil Kumar, AA Yusuf, AK Al-Buriahi, RMS Radin Mohamed, MM Al-shaibani; citation_volume=287; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=132080; citation_doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132080; citation_id=CR4"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chemistry of Materials; citation_title=Titania-sepiolite nanocomposites prepared by a surfactant templating colloidal route; citation_author=P Aranda, R Kun, MA Martín-Luengo, S Letaïef, I Dékány, E Ruiz-Hitzky; citation_volume=20; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=84-91; citation_doi=10.1021/cm702251f; citation_id=CR5"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ceramics International; citation_title=New composite TiO2/naturals gums for high efficiency in photodiscoloration process; citation_author=FP Araujo, LMC Honório, IS Lima, P Trigueiro, LC Almeida, PBA Fechine; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.100; citation_id=CR6"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Dalton Transactions; citation_title=A novel green approach based on ZnO nanoparticles and polysaccharides for photocatalytic performance; citation_author=FP Araujo, P Trigueiro, LMC Honório, MB Furtini, DM Oliveira, LC Almeida; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_doi=10.1039/d0dt01128b; citation_id=CR7"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=International Journal of Biological Macromolecules; citation_title=Eco-friendly synthesis and photocatalytic application of flowers-like ZnO structures using Arabic and Karaya Gums; citation_author=FP Araujo, P Trigueiro, LMC Honório, DM Oliveira, LC Almeida, RP Garcia; citation_volume=165; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=2813-2822; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.132; citation_id=CR8"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Solar Energy; citation_title=Photocatalytic activity of Nb heterostructure (NaNbO3/Na2Nb4O11) and Nb/clay materials in the degradation of organic compounds; citation_author=YJO Asencios, MV Quijo, FCF Marcos, AE Nogueira, RR Rocca, EM Assaf; citation_volume=194; citation_issue=September; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=37-46; citation_doi=10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.005; citation_id=CR9"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Bakhtiar, A., Bouberka, Z., Roussel, P., Volkringer, C., Addad, A., Ouddane, B., et al. (2022). Development of a TiO2/Sepiolite Photocatalyst for the Degradation of a Persistent Organic Pollutant in Aqueous Solution. Nanomaterials, 12(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193313 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Bazari, M., & Najmoddin, N. (2022a). The effect of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants on morphology and antibacterial properties of zinc oxide. Revista Materia, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620220002.1372 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Bel Hadjltaief, H., Ben Ameur, S., Da Costa, P., Ben Zina, M., & Elena Galvez, M. (2018). Photocatalytic decolorization of cationic and anionic dyes over ZnO nanoparticle immobilized on natural Tunisian clay. Applied Clay Science, 152(April 2017), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.008 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Arabian Journal of Chemistry; citation_title=TiO2/clay as a heterogeneous catalyst in photocatalytic/photochemical oxidation of anionic reactive blue 19; citation_author=H Bel Hadjltaief, ME Galvez, M Ben Zina, P Costa; citation_volume=12; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=1454-1462; citation_doi=10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.006; citation_id=CR13"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Catalysis B: Environmental; citation_title=Titania-clay heterostructures with solar photocatalytic applications; citation_author=C Belver, J Bedia, JJ Rodriguez; citation_volume=176–177; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=278-287; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.004; citation_id=CR14"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Microporous and Mesoporous Materials; citation_title=Understanding physico-chemical properties of saponite synthetic clays; citation_author=C Bisio, G Gatti, E Boccaleri, L Marchese, GB Superti, HO Pastore, M Thommes; citation_volume=107; citation_issue=1–2; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=90-101; citation_doi=10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.05.038; citation_id=CR15"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Water Process Engineering; citation_title=Pollutant removal and acute toxicity assessment (Artemia salina) of landfill leachate treated by photo-Fenton process mediated by oxalic Acid; citation_author=FH Borba, J Leichtweis, F Bueno, L Pellenz, JJ Inticher, D Seibert; citation_volume=28; citation_issue=January; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=159-168; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.017; citation_id=CR16"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics; citation_title=Study of photocatalytic properties of clay intercalated semiconductor composite material of guanidinium tetrachloroferrate for oxidative degradation of model dye in sunlight; citation_author=K Boruah, DB Bora, S Saikia, R Borah; citation_volume=33; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=2461-2478; citation_doi=10.1007/s10854-021-07454-5; citation_id=CR17"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Optik; citation_title=Rhodamine (B) photocatalysis under solar light on high crystalline ZnO films grown by home-made DC sputtering; citation_author=A Boughelout, N Zebbar, R Macaluso, Z Zohour, A Bensouilah, A Zaffora; citation_volume=174; citation_issue=August; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=77-85; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.061; citation_id=CR18"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Microporous and Mesoporous Materials; citation_title=Saponite-anthocyanin pigments: Slipping between the sheets; citation_author=LC Brandão Lima, F Castro-Silva, EC Silva-Filho, MG Fonseca, M Jaber; citation_volume=300; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=110148; citation_doi=10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148; citation_id=CR19"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Brandão Lima, L. C., Castro-Silva, F., Silva-Filho, E. C., Fonseca, M. G., & Jaber, M. (2020b). Saponite-anthocyanin pigments: Slipping between the sheets. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 300(December 2019), 110148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering; citation_title=Organophilic bentonites obtained by microwave heating as adsorbents for anionic dyes; citation_author=DF Brito, EC Silva Filho, MG Fonseca, M Jaber; citation_volume=6; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=7080-7090; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jece.2018.11.006; citation_id=CR21"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Cavalcanti, G. R. S., Souprayen, C., Guillermin, D., Rodrigues, F., Fonseca, M. G., & Jaber, M. (2022). Designing photochromatic pigments based on clay minerals and spiropyran. Dyes and Pigments, 204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110358 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society; citation_title=Effect of scavengers on the photocatalytic digestion of organic matter in water samples assisted by TiO2 in suspension for the voltammetric determination of heavy metals; citation_author=A Cavicchioli, IGR Gutz; citation_volume=13; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=441-448; citation_doi=10.1590/S0103-50532002000400006; citation_id=CR23"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=Electrochemical modification of saponite for manufacture of ceramic building materials; citation_author=V Chanturiya, V Minenko, O Suvorova, V Pletneva, D Makarov; citation_volume=135; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=199-205; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.020; citation_id=CR24"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chemosphere; citation_title=Wastewater treatment and emerging contaminants: Bibliometric analysis; citation_author=Y Chen, M Lin, D Zhuang; citation_volume=297; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=133932; citation_doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133932; citation_id=CR25"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Alloys and Compounds; citation_title=CuWO4/CuS heterojunction photocatalyst for the application of visible-light-driven photodegradation of dye pollutions; citation_author=Y Cui, C Lin, M Li, N Zhu, J Meng, J Zhao; citation_volume=893; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=162181; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162181; citation_id=CR26"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Damacena, D. H. L., Trigueiro, P., Monteiro, V. H., Honorio, L. M. C., Duarte, T. M., Cunha, R., et al. (2023). Saponite-inspired Materials as Remediation Technologies for Water Treatment: an Overview. Environmental Processes. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00630-1 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Dao, T. B. T., Ha, T. T. L., Nguyen, T. Do, Le, H. N., Ha-Thuc, C. N., Nguyen, T. M. L., et al. (2021). Effectiveness of photocatalysis of MMT-supported TiO2 and TiO2 nanotubes for rhodamine B degradation. Chemosphere, 280(May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130802 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environmental Science and Pollution Research; citation_title=Solar-based photocatalytic ozonation employing novel S-scheme ZnO/Cu2O/CuO/carbon xerogel photocatalyst: Effect of pH, salinity, turbidity, and temperature on salicylic acid degradation; citation_author=NP Moraes, RDM Santos, MEV Gouvêa, A Siervo, R Silva Rocha, DA Reddy; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_doi=10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4; citation_id=CR29"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Microporous and Mesoporous Materials; citation_title=Sustainable and rapid pillared clay synthesis with applications in removal of anionic and cationic dyes; citation_author=H Desai, A Kannan, GSK Reddy; citation_volume=352; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=112488; citation_doi=10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112488; citation_id=CR30"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Doria Herrera, G. M., Peñuela, G. A., & Valencia, G. C. (2021). Photodegradation of Bisphenol A and Triclosan using ZnCl2(6OMeQ)2 complex as photosensitizer under homogeneous conditions. Results in Engineering, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100291 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Nanomaterials; citation_title=Clay-Supported metal oxide nanoparticles in catalytic advanced oxidation processes: A Review; citation_author=I Fatimah, G Fadillah, I Yanti, R Doong; citation_volume=12; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=825; citation_doi=10.3390/nano12050825; citation_id=CR32"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=TiO2-pillared saponite and photosensitization using a ruthenium complex for photocatalytic enhancement of the photodegradation of bromophenol blue; citation_author=I Fatimah, R Nurillahi, I Sahroni, O Muraza; citation_volume=183; citation_issue=February; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=105302; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2019.105302; citation_id=CR33"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=Physicochemical characteristics and photocatalytic performance of Tin oxide/montmorillonite nanocomposites at various Sn/montmorillonite molar to mass ratios; citation_author=I Fatimah, D Rubiyanto, I Sahroni, RS Putra, R Nurillahi, J Nugraha; citation_volume=193; citation_issue=May; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=105671; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2020.105671; citation_id=CR34"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=ZnO/montmorillonite for photocatalytic and photochemical degradation of methylene blue; citation_author=I Fatimah, S Wang, D Wulandari; citation_volume=53; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=553-560; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.001; citation_id=CR35"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Fatimah, I., Wijaya, K., & Narsito. (2015). Microwave assisted preparation of TiO2/Al-pillared saponite for photocatalytic phenol photooxidation in aqueous solution. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 8(2), 228–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.08.004 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry; citation_title=Facile synthesis of ZnO-clay minerals composites using an ultrasonic approach for photocatalytic performance; citation_author=WA Freitas, BECF Soares, MS Rodrigues, P Trigueiro, LMC Honorio, R Peña-Garcia; citation_volume=429; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=113934; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113934; citation_id=CR37"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ceramics; citation_title=The role of clay mineral-derived photocatalysts in insights of remediation; citation_author=W Freitas, P Trigueiro, T Marinho, LM Honorio, EC Silva-Filho, MB Furtini; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=862-882; citation_doi=10.3390/ceramics5040063; citation_id=CR38"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering; citation_title=Visible-light-driven photocatalysis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles decorated on ZnO nanorods: Synthesis and characterizations; citation_author=LPP Ha, THT Vinh, NTB Thuy, CM Thi, PV Viet; citation_volume=9; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=105103; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jece.2021.105103; citation_id=CR39"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Surface Science; citation_title=Supporting the photocatalysts on ZrO2: An effective way to enhance the photocatalytic activity of SrSnO3; citation_author=LMC Honorio, ALM Oliveira, EC Silva Filho, JA Osajima, A Hakki, DE Macphee, IMG Santos; citation_volume=528; citation_issue=June; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=146991; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146991; citation_id=CR40"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Husain, A., Ansari, K., Mahajan, D. K., Kandasamy, M., Ansari, M. N. M., Giri, J., & Al-Lohedan, H. A. (2024). Harnessing sustainable N-doped activated carbon from walnut shells for advanced all-solid-state supercapacitors and targeted Rhodamine B dye adsorption. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100699 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=Formation of zinc oxide particles in cetyltrimethylammonium-smectites; citation_author=N Khumchoo, N Khaorapapong, M Ogawa; citation_volume=105–106; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=236-242; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2015.01.001; citation_id=CR42"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry; citation_title=Efficient photodegradation of organics in acidic solution by ZnO–smectite hybrids; citation_author=N Khumchoo, N Khaorapapong, A Ontam, S Intachai, M Ogawa; citation_volume=2016; citation_issue=19; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=3157-3162; citation_doi=10.1002/ejic.201600252; citation_id=CR43"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology; citation_title=Preparation and activity evaluation of B4C/ZnO composite photocatalyst; citation_author=O Koysuren, HN Koysuren; citation_volume=103; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=172-184; citation_doi=10.1007/s10971-022-05797-x; citation_id=CR44"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Kumaresan, S., Pawar, R. R., Kevadiya, B. D., & Bajaj, H. C. (2019). Synthesis of saponite based nanocomposites to improve the controlled oral drug release of model drug quinine hydrochloride dihydrate. Pharmaceuticals, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ph12030105 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Heliyon; citation_title=Adsorption and photocatalytic performance of bentonite-titanium dioxide composites for methylene blue and rhodamine B decoloration; citation_author=L Laysandra, MWMK Sari, FE Soetaredjo, K Foe, JN Putro, A Kurniawan; citation_volume=3; citation_issue=12; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=e00488; citation_doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00488; citation_id=CR46"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Lima, L. C. B., Silva, F. C., Silva-Filho, E. C., Fonseca, M. G., Zhuang, G., & Jaber, M. (2020). Saponite-anthocyanin derivatives: The role of organoclays in pigment photostability. Applied Clay Science, 191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105604 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Lopes, J. da S., Rodrigues, W. V., Oliveira, V. V., Braga, A. do N. S., da Silva, R. T., França, A. A. C., et al. (2019). Modification of kaolinite from Pará/Brazil region applied in the anionic dye photocatalytic discoloration. Applied Clay Science, 168(November 2018), 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.11.028 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics; citation_title=Synthesis and properties of B-Ni–TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst for degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) under visible light irradiation; citation_author=W Ma, N Wang, S Li, K Cao, Y Yan; citation_volume=29; citation_issue=16; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=13957-13969; citation_doi=10.1007/s10854-018-9529-7; citation_id=CR49"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Madejová, J., Gates, W. P., & Petit, S. (2017a). IR Spectra of Clay Minerals. In Developments in Clay Science (Vol. 8, pp. 107–149). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100355-8.00005-9 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Surface Science; citation_title=TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles for methylene blue removal and photocatalytic degradation under natural sunlight and low-power UV light; citation_author=U Mahanta, M Khandelwal, AS Deshpande; citation_volume=576; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=151745; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151745; citation_id=CR51"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Mahy, J. G., Mbognou, M. H. T., Léonard, C., Fagel, N., Woumfo, E. D., & Lambert, S. D. (2022). Natural clay modified with ZnO/TiO2 to enhance pollutant removal from water. Catalysts, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020148 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Minerals; citation_title=Oxide-clay mineral as photoactive material for dye discoloration; citation_author=MO Miranda, BC Viana, LM Honório, P Trigueiro, MG Fonseca, F Franco; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=132; citation_doi=10.3390/min10020132; citation_id=CR53"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Moles, S., Ormad, M. P., Gomez, J., Szpunar, J., Bolea, E., & Mosteo, R. (2024). Pilot plant approach combining photocatalysis and adsorption for antibiotics removal from slaughterhouse and urban wastewater treatment plant effluents. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103586 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=Applied Clay Science Solvothermal preparation of TiO2/saponite nanocomposites and photocatalytic activity; citation_author=A Nikolopoulou, D Papoulis, S Komarneni, P Tsolis-katagas; citation_volume=46; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=363-368; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.007; citation_id=CR55"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Cleaner Water; citation_title=Synthesis, characterization and application of Zeolite/Bi2O3 nanocomposite in removal of Rhodamine B dye from wastewater; citation_author=GWA Nyakairu, PM Kapanga, M Ntale, SN Lusamba, RM Tshimanga, A Ammari, Z Shehu; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=100004; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100004; citation_id=CR56"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Materials Research; citation_title=TiO2 immobilized on fibrous clay as strategies to photocatalytic activity; citation_author=WV Oliveira, AÍS Morais, LMC Honorio, PA Trigueiro, LC Almeida, RRP Garcia; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=1-10; citation_doi=10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0463; citation_id=CR57"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=Essential oil in bentonite: Effect of organofunctionalization on antibacterial activities; citation_author=LH Oliveira, IS Lima, ERDS Neta, SG Lima, P Trigueiro, JA Osajima; citation_volume=245; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=107158; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2023.107158; citation_id=CR58"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Osajima, J. A., Sá, A. S., Honorio, L. M. C., Trigueiro, P., Pinto, L. I. F., Oliveira, J. A., et al. (2021). Au@Ag bimetallic nanoparticles deposited on palygorskite in the presence of TiO2 for enhanced photodegradation activity through synergistic effect. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, (class II). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11807-8 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Ouachtak, H., El Guerdaoui, A., Haounati, R., Akhouairi, S., El Haouti, R., Hafid, N., et al. (2021). Highly efficient and fast batch adsorption of orange G dye from polluted water using superb organo-montmorillonite: Experimental study and molecular dynamics investigation. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116560 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Alloys and Compounds; citation_title=Photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications of green synthesized titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by Calotropis gigantea extract; citation_author=S Pavithra, TC Bessy, MR Bindhu, R Venkatesan, R Parimaladevi, MM Alam; citation_volume=960; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=170638; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170638; citation_id=CR61"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chemosphere; citation_title=Synthesis, characterization, and application of MOF@clay composite as a visible light-driven photocatalyst for Rhodamine B degradation; citation_author=RR Pawar, C Chuaicham, K Sekar, S Rajendran, K Sasaki; citation_volume=291; citation_issue=P2; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=132922; citation_doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132922; citation_id=CR62"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Scientific Reports; citation_title=Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of acid blue dye using CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite; citation_author=N Qutub, P Singh, S Sabir, S Sagadevan, W-C Oh; citation_volume=12; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=1-18; citation_doi=10.1038/s41598-022-09479-0; citation_id=CR63"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Rati, Y., Hendri, Y. N., Waluyo, R., Zendrato, F., Rini, A. S., Marlina, R., et al. (2023). Visible light assisted degradation of Rhodamin B by reusable S-doped ZnO thin film photocatalyst. Optical Materials, 135(December 2022), 113370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113370 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Desalination; citation_title=An overview on the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in the presence of TiO2 doped with selective transition metals; citation_author=MA Rauf, MA Meetani, S Hisaindee; citation_volume=276; citation_issue=1–3; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=13-27; citation_doi=10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071; citation_id=CR65"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Separation and Purification Technology; citation_title=Enhanced removal of tetracycline by sandwich layer composite membrane based on the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and adsorption; citation_author=H-T Ren, W-B Cao, J Qin, C-C Cai, D-S Li, T-T Li; citation_volume=341; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=126910; citation_doi=10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126910; citation_id=CR66"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Renuga Devi, L., & Meenakshi Sundar, S. (2023). Investigation on structural, photoluminescence, and magnetic behavior of Mn–ZnO nanoparticles via solvothermal route. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 100(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2023.101036 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Water Science; citation_title=Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO2: A review; citation_author=KM Reza, A Kurny, F Gulshan; citation_volume=7; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=1569-1578; citation_doi=10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y; citation_id=CR68"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ceramics International; citation_title=Synthesis of Fe–Pr co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: Structural, optical and antibacterial properties; citation_author=M Rocha, FP Araujo, S Castro-Lopes, IS Lima, EC Silva-Filho, JA Osajima; citation_volume=49; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=2282-2295; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.196; citation_id=CR69"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Minerals; citation_title=Light-activated hydroxyapatite photocatalysts: New environmentally-friendly materials to mitigate pollutants; citation_author=RLP Rocha, LMC Honorio, RDDS Bezerra, P Trigueiro, TM Duarte, MG Fonseca; citation_volume=12; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=525; citation_doi=10.3390/min12050525; citation_id=CR70"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences; citation_title=Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye; citation_author=A Rubio-Clemente, J Gutiérrez, H Henao, AM Melo, JF Pérez, E Chica; citation_volume=36; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=431-441; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jksues.2021.07.006; citation_id=CR71"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology; citation_title=Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles; citation_author=E Ruiz-hitzky, P Aranda, M Akkari, N Khaorapapong, M Ogawa; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=1140-1156; citation_doi=10.3762/bjnano.10.114; citation_id=CR72"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Materials; citation_title=A brief photocatalytic study of zno-containing cerium towards ibuprofen degradation; citation_author=AS Sá, RP Feitosa, L Honório, R Peña-Garcia, LC Almeida, JS Dias; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=19; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=5891; citation_doi=10.3390/ma14195891; citation_id=CR73"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Samuel, J., Franklin Rajesh, T. S., Biju, C. S., Sahaya Jude Dhas, S., & Usharani, S. (2023). Synthesis, structural, photoluminescence, ultraviolet blocking and antibacterial performances of Ba-doped ZnO nanostructures. Results in Optics, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2023.100482 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Sustainable Environment Research; citation_title=Competitive photodegradation performance of ZnO modified bentonite clay in water containing both organic and inorganic contaminants; citation_author=SP Sasikala, TA Nibila, KB Babitha, AA Peer Mohamed, A Solaiappan; citation_volume=1; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=1-12; citation_doi=10.1186/s42834-019-0001-z; citation_id=CR75"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Selvinsimpson, S., Eva Gnana Dhana Rani, S., Ganesh Kumar, A., Rajaram, R., Sharmila Lydia, I., & Chen, Y. (2021). Photocatalytic activity of SnO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites and the toxicity assessment of Vigna radiata, Artemia salina and Danio rerio in the photodegraded solution. Environmental Research, 195(December 2020), 110787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110787 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Alloys and Compounds; citation_title=Hierarchical self-assembly of graphene-bridged on AgIO3/BiVO4: An efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst with enhanced photodegradation of organic pollutant under visible light; citation_author=Y Si, Y Chen, Y Fu, X Zhang, F Zuo, T Zhang, Q Yan; citation_volume=831; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=154820; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154820; citation_id=CR77"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces; citation_title=Preparation of AgNPs/saponite nanocomposites without reduction agents and study of its antibacterial activity; citation_author=M Sprynskyy, H Sokol, K Rafińska, W Brzozowska, V Railean-Plugaru, P Pomastowski, B Buszewski; citation_volume=180; citation_issue=April; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=457-465; citation_doi=10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.066; citation_id=CR78"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chemosphere; citation_title=Adsorption and photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes over montmorillonite and saponite modified by surfactant; citation_author=V Tangaraj, J Janot, M Jaber, M Bechelany, S Balme; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.126; citation_id=CR79"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Teixeira, A. R. F. A., de Meireles Neris, A., Longo, E., de Carvalho Filho, J. R., Hakki, A., Macphee, D., & dos Santos, I. M. G. (2019). SrSnO3 perovskite obtained by the modified Pechini method—Insights about its photocatalytic activity. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 369(September 2018), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.028 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Materials Chemistry and Physics; citation_title=Thermal, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties of calcinated nano-TiO2/polymer composites; citation_author=D Tekin, D Birhan, H Kiziltas; citation_volume=251; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=123067; citation_doi=10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123067; citation_id=CR81"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environmental Research; citation_title=Synthesis and characterization of Ag-ion-exchanged zeolite/TiO2 nanocomposites for antibacterial applications and photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics; citation_author=N Torkian, A Bahrami, A Hosseini-Abari, MM Momeni, M Abdolkarimi-Mahabadi, A Bayat; citation_volume=207; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=112157; citation_doi=10.1016/j.envres.2021.112157; citation_id=CR82"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces; citation_title=Going through the wine fining: Intimate dialogue between organics and clays; citation_author=P Trigueiro, S Pedetti, B Rigaud, S Balme, JMJ-M Janot, IMGIMG Santos; citation_volume=166; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=79-88; citation_doi=10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.060; citation_id=CR83"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Dyes and Pigments; citation_title=Dyes and Pigments When anthraquinone dyes meet pillared montmorillonite : Stability or fading upon exposure to light ?; citation_author=P Trigueiro, FAR Pereira, D Guillermin, B Rigaud, S Balme, J Janot; citation_volume=159; citation_issue=June; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=384-394; citation_doi=10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046; citation_id=CR84"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Dyes and Pigments; citation_title=When anthraquinone dyes meet pillared montmorillonite: Stability or fading upon exposure to light?; citation_author=P Trigueiro, F Rodrigues, B Rigaud, S Balme, J-MJ-M Janot, IMGIMG Santos; citation_volume=159; citation_issue=June; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=384-394; citation_doi=10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046; citation_id=CR85"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=Applied Clay Science Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of saponites and their use as oxidation catalysts; citation_author=R Trujillano, E Rico, MA Vicente, V Rives, KJ Ciuf, A Cestari; citation_volume=53; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=326-330; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.005; citation_id=CR86"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Varjani, S., Kumar, G., & Rene, E. R. (2019). Developments in biochar application for pesticide remediation: Current knowledge and future research directions. Journal of Environmental Management, 232(November 2018), 505–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.043 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chinese Journal of Catalysis; citation_title=A review on heterogeneous photocatalysis for environmental remediation: From semiconductors to modification strategies; citation_author=H Wang, X Li, X Zhao, C Li, X Song, P Zhang; citation_volume=43; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=178-214; citation_doi=10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4; citation_id=CR88"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Surface Science; citation_title=Construction of Fe3O4@ZIF-8@BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) heterojunctions toward simultaneous removal of oxytetracycline and Cr(VI) by adsorption-photocatalysis; citation_author=M Wang, B Liang, S Lin, Z Zhao, H He, X Li, S Liang; citation_volume=657; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=159791; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159791; citation_id=CR89"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry; citation_title=Surface modification of ZnO with Ag improves its photocatalytic efficiency and photostability; citation_author=W Xie, Y Li, W Sun, J Huang, H Xie, X Zhao; citation_volume=216; citation_issue=2–3; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=149-155; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.032; citation_id=CR90"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Xisto, M. R., Damacena, D. H. L., de Araújo, F. P., Alves, D., Honorio, L. M. C., Peña-Garcia, R., et al. (2024). Biopolymer gellan-gum-based TiO2: A green alternative photocatalyst approach for removal of pollutants. Water (Switzerland), 16(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020315 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Applied Clay Science; citation_title=BiOCl-montmorillonite as a photocatalyst for highly efficient removal of Rhodamine B and Orange G: Importance of the acidity and dissolved oxygen; citation_author=C Xu, FL Gu, H Wu; citation_volume=147; citation_issue=July; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=28-35; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.025; citation_id=CR92"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Xu, D., & Ma, H. (2021). Degradation of rhodamine B in water by ultrasound-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 313(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127758 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Zhai, B., Zhu, S., Tian, Q., Li, N., Yan, M., & Henderson, M. J. (2022). Aggregated germanium saponite: Removal and retention of polymeric thorium and uranium complexes. Applied Clay Science, 216(November 2021), 106382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2021.106382 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics; citation_title=Effect of different type of scavengers on the photocatalytic removal of copper and cyanide in the presence of TiO2@yeast hybrids; citation_author=P Zheng, Z Pan, H Li, B Bai, W Guan; citation_volume=26; citation_issue=9; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=6399-6410; citation_doi=10.1007/s10854-015-3229-3; citation_id=CR95"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Zhong, J., Zhao, Y., Ding, L., Ji, H., Ma, W., Chen, C., & Zhao, J. (2019). Opposite photocatalytic oxidation behaviors of BiOCl and TiO2: Direct hole transfer vs. indirect [rad]OH oxidation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 241(May 2018), 514–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.058 "/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Quimica Nova; citation_title=Mecanismo de fotodegradação de compostos orgânicos catalisada por TiO2; citation_author=RL Ziolli, WF Jardim; citation_volume=21; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=319-325; citation_doi=10.1590/s0100-40421998000300013; citation_id=CR97"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Damaceno, Dihêgo H."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Trigueiro, Pollyana"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Lima, Luciano Clécio Brandão"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Honorio, Luzia M."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Areia-PB, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Peña-Garcia, Ramón"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics Engineering, UACSA/UFRPE, Cabo de Santo Agostinho-PE, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Furtini, Marcelo B."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Guerra, Yuset"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Fonseca, Maria Gardennia"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Research and Extension Center - Fuel and Materials Laboratory (NPE – LACOM), João Pessoa-PB, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="da Silva-Filho, Edson C."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jaber, Maguy"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="LAMS (Laboratoire d’Archéologie Moléculaire Et Structurale), UMR 8220, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Osajima, Josy A."/> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="josyosajima@ufpi.edu.br"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="citation_cover_date" content="2024/10/01"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SpringerLink"/> <meta property="og:title" content="ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The sol–gel process was applied to prepare ZnO-saponite nanocomposite for environmental remediation and investigation of photocatalysis mechanisms. The nanocomposite followed the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model dye under irradiation with visible light. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Point of zero charges (Pcz), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Reuse, the effect of scavengers, and toxicity were also investigated. The results showed an effective incorporation of the semiconductor on the surface of the support, forming a hexagonal structure with the wurtzite phase of ZnO. The evaluation of texture and morphology showed the effective distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of the synthesized photocatalyst. The intensified adsorption/photocatalysis process using saponite-based nanocomposite achieved more than 85% RhB dye removal efficiency after 270 min. It followed presented pseudo-first-order kinetics with a constant equal to 6.627 × 10–1 min−1. Furthermore, the evaluation of the effect of scavengers indicated that alcohol played an important role in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. It was stable after evaluating the catalyst after successive cycles, maintaining its structure, as FTIR proved. Furthermore, the studied nanocomposites did not show evidence of toxicity, thus being promising candidates for application in the removal of polluting dye."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e6e6e6"> <!-- Please see discussion: https://github.com/springernature/frontend-open-space/issues/316--> <!--TODO: Implement alternative to CTM in here if the discussion concludes we do not continue with CTM as a practice--> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href=/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-b8af42253b.css> <style> html{text-size-adjust:100%;line-height:1.15}body{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;margin:0}details,main{display:block}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}a{background-color:transparent;color:#025e8d}sub{bottom:-.25em;font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}img{border:0;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}button,input{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;overflow:visible}button{text-transform:none}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}summary{display:list-item}[hidden]{display:none}button{cursor:pointer}svg{height:1rem;width:1rem} </style> <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { body{background:#fff;color:#222;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;min-height:100%}a{color:#025e8d;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}button{cursor:pointer}img{border:0;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}html{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:100%;height:100%;overflow-y:scroll}h1{font-size:2.25rem}h2{font-size:1.75rem}h1,h2,h4{font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}h4{font-size:1.25rem}body{font-size:1.125rem}*{box-sizing:inherit}p{margin-bottom:2rem;margin-top:0}p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.c-ad{text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.c-ad{padding:8px}}.c-ad--728x90{display:none}.c-ad--728x90 .c-ad__inner{min-height:calc(1.5em + 94px)}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.js .c-ad--728x90{display:none}}.c-ad__label{color:#333;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:4px}.c-ad__label,.c-status-message{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-status-message{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;position:relative;width:100%}.c-status-message :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.c-status-message--boxed{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1.4;padding:16px}.c-status-message__heading{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700}.c-status-message__icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;flex:0 0 auto;height:1.5em;margin-right:8px;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:text-top;width:1.5em}.c-status-message__icon--top{align-self:flex-start}.c-status-message--info .c-status-message__icon{color:#003f8d}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--info{border-bottom:4px solid #003f8d}.c-status-message--error .c-status-message__icon{color:#c40606}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--error{border-bottom:4px solid #c40606}.c-status-message--success .c-status-message__icon{color:#00b8b0}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--success{border-bottom:4px solid #00b8b0}.c-status-message--warning .c-status-message__icon{color:#edbc53}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--warning{border-bottom:4px solid #edbc53}.eds-c-header{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #01324b;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 0 0}.eds-c-header__container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:8px 16px;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto 8px;max-width:1280px;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav{border-top:2px solid #c5e0f4;padding-top:4px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav-container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 auto 4px;max-width:1280px;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav-container>:not(:last-child){margin-right:32px}.eds-c-header__link-container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex:1 0 auto;gap:8px 16px;justify-content:space-between}.eds-c-header__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.eds-c-header__list-item{font-weight:700;margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:8px}.eds-c-header__list-item:not(:last-child){border-bottom:2px solid #c5e0f4}.eds-c-header__item{color:inherit}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__item--menu{display:none;visibility:hidden}.eds-c-header__item--menu:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}}.eds-c-header__item--inline-links{display:none;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__item--inline-links{display:flex;gap:16px 16px;visibility:visible}}.eds-c-header__item--divider:before{border-left:2px solid #c5e0f4;content:"";height:calc(100% - 16px);margin-left:-15px;position:absolute;top:8px}.eds-c-header__brand{padding:16px 8px}.eds-c-header__brand a{display:block;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}.eds-c-header__brand img{height:1.5rem;width:auto}.eds-c-header__link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:16px 8px;position:relative;text-decoration-color:transparent;white-space:nowrap;word-break:normal}.eds-c-header__icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;font-size:1.5rem;height:1em;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}.eds-c-header__icon+*{margin-left:8px}.eds-c-header__expander{background-color:#f0f7fc}.eds-c-header__search{display:block;padding:24px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__search{max-width:70%}}.eds-c-header__search-container{position:relative}.eds-c-header__search-label{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}.eds-c-header__search-input{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #000;padding:8px 48px 8px 8px;width:100%}.eds-c-header__search-button{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;height:100%;padding:0 8px;position:absolute;right:0}.has-tethered.eds-c-header__expander{border-bottom:2px solid #01324b;left:0;margin-top:-2px;top:100%;width:100%;z-index:10}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.has-tethered.eds-c-header__expander--menu{display:none;visibility:hidden}}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__heading{display:none;visibility:hidden}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__heading:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__search{margin:auto}.eds-c-header__heading{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:16px 16px 0}.eds-c-pagination{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;gap:16px 0;justify-content:center;line-height:1.4;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:32px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.eds-c-pagination{padding:32px 16px}}.eds-c-pagination__item{margin-right:8px}.eds-c-pagination__item--prev{margin-right:16px}.eds-c-pagination__item--next .eds-c-pagination__link,.eds-c-pagination__item--prev .eds-c-pagination__link{padding:16px 8px}.eds-c-pagination__item--next{margin-left:8px}.eds-c-pagination__item:last-child{margin-right:0}.eds-c-pagination__link{align-items:center;color:#222;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-size:1rem;margin:0;padding:16px 24px;position:relative;text-align:center;transition:all .2s ease 0s}.eds-c-pagination__link:visited{color:#222}.eds-c-pagination__link--disabled{border-color:#555;color:#555;cursor:default}.eds-c-pagination__link--active{background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border-radius:8px;color:#fff}.eds-c-pagination__link--active:focus,.eds-c-pagination__link--active:hover,.eds-c-pagination__link--active:visited{color:#fff}.eds-c-pagination__link-container{align-items:center;display:flex}.eds-c-pagination__icon{fill:#222;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem}.eds-c-pagination__icon--disabled{fill:#555}.eds-c-pagination__visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.c-breadcrumbs{color:#333;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-breadcrumbs>li{display:inline}svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{fill:#333;height:10px;margin:0 .25rem;width:10px}.c-breadcrumbs--contrast,.c-breadcrumbs--contrast .c-breadcrumbs__link{color:#fff}.c-breadcrumbs--contrast svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{fill:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item{display:none}.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:last-child,.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:nth-last-child(2){display:inline}}.c-skip-link{background:#01324b;bottom:auto;color:#fff;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;padding:8px;position:absolute;text-align:center;transform:translateY(-100%);width:100%;z-index:9999}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.c-skip-link{transition:top .3s ease-in-out 0s}}@media print{.c-skip-link{display:none}}.c-skip-link:active,.c-skip-link:hover,.c-skip-link:link,.c-skip-link:visited{color:#fff}.c-skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}.l-with-sidebar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.l-with-sidebar>*{margin:0}.l-with-sidebar__sidebar{flex-basis:var(--with-sidebar--basis,400px);flex-grow:1}.l-with-sidebar>:not(.l-with-sidebar__sidebar){flex-basis:0px;flex-grow:999;min-width:var(--with-sidebar--min,53%)}.l-with-sidebar>:first-child{padding-right:4rem}@supports (gap:1em){.l-with-sidebar>:first-child{padding-right:0}.l-with-sidebar{gap:var(--with-sidebar--gap,4rem)}}.c-header__link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:16px 8px;position:relative;text-decoration-color:transparent;white-space:nowrap;word-break:normal}.app-masthead__colour-4{--background-color:#ff9500;--gradient-light:rgba(0,0,0,.5);--gradient-dark:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.app-masthead{background:var(--background-color,#0070a8);position:relative}.app-masthead:after{background:radial-gradient(circle at top right,var(--gradient-light,rgba(0,0,0,.4)),var(--gradient-dark,rgba(0,0,0,.7)));bottom:0;content:"";left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.app-masthead:after{background:linear-gradient(225deg,var(--gradient-light,rgba(0,0,0,.4)),var(--gradient-dark,rgba(0,0,0,.7)))}}.app-masthead__container{color:var(--masthead-color,#fff);margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px;position:relative;z-index:1}.u-button{align-items:center;background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border:4px solid transparent;border-radius:32px;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;justify-content:center;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:16px 32px;position:relative;transition:all .2s ease 0s;width:auto}.u-button svg,.u-button--contrast svg,.u-button--primary svg,.u-button--secondary svg,.u-button--tertiary svg{fill:currentcolor}.u-button,.u-button:visited{color:#fff}.u-button,.u-button:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;text-decoration:none}.u-button:hover{border:4px solid #fff}.u-button:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.u-button:focus,.u-button:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus svg path,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button--primary:focus svg path,.u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button:focus svg path,.u-button:hover svg path{fill:#01324b}.u-button--primary{background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border:4px solid transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--primary:hover{border:4px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;text-decoration:none}.u-button--primary:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.u-button--primary:focus,.u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.u-button--secondary{background-color:#fff;border:4px solid #fff;color:#01324b;font-weight:700}.u-button--secondary:visited{color:#01324b}.u-button--secondary:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.u-button--secondary:focus,.u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#01324b;color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.u-button--tertiary:focus svg path,.u-button--tertiary:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.u-button--tertiary{background-color:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#666;font-weight:700}.u-button--tertiary:visited{color:#666}.u-button--tertiary:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.u-button--tertiary:focus,.u-button--tertiary:hover{background-color:#01324b;color:#fff}.u-button--contrast{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#fff;font-weight:400}.u-button--contrast:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--contrast,.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{border:4px solid #fff}.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#000}.u-button--contrast:focus svg path,.u-button--contrast:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--disabled,.u-button:disabled{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;border:4px solid #ccc;color:#000;cursor:default;font-weight:400;opacity:.7}.u-button--disabled svg,.u-button:disabled svg{fill:currentcolor}.u-button--disabled:visited,.u-button:disabled:visited{color:#000}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{border:4px solid #ccc;text-decoration:none}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#000}.u-button--disabled:focus svg path,.u-button--disabled:hover svg path,.u-button:disabled:focus svg path,.u-button:disabled:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--small,.u-button--xsmall{font-size:.875rem;padding:2px 8px}.u-button--small{padding:8px 16px}.u-button--large{font-size:1.125rem;padding:10px 35px}.u-button--full-width{display:flex;width:100%}.u-button--icon-left svg{margin-right:8px}.u-button--icon-right svg{margin-left:8px}.u-clear-both{clear:both}.u-container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px}.u-justify-content-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.u-display-none{display:none}.js .u-js-hide,.u-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.u-visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.u-icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;height:1em;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:text-top;width:1em}.u-list-reset{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.u-ma-16{margin:16px}.u-mt-0{margin-top:0}.u-mt-24{margin-top:24px}.u-mt-32{margin-top:32px}.u-mb-8{margin-bottom:8px}.u-mb-32{margin-bottom:32px}.u-button-reset{background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0}.u-sans-serif{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.u-serif{font-family:Merriweather,serif}h1,h2,h4{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}p{overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.u-h4{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}.u-mbs-0{margin-block-start:0!important}.c-article-header{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-article-identifiers{color:#6f6f6f;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;list-style:none;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.c-article-identifiers__item{border-right:1px solid #6f6f6f;list-style:none;margin-right:8px;padding-right:8px}.c-article-identifiers__item:last-child{border-right:0;margin-right:0;padding-right:0}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.c-article-title{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.2}}.c-article-author-list{display:inline;font-size:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0 8px 0 0;padding:0;width:100%}.c-article-author-list__item{display:inline;padding-right:0}.c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none;margin-right:4px}.c-article-author-list__button,.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide,.js .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--long .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--long+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--short .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--short+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}}#uptodate-client,.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none!important}.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:inline!important}.c-article-author-list__button,.c-button-author-list{background:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid #ebf1f5;border-radius:20px;color:#666;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;padding:2px 11px 2px 8px;text-decoration:none}.c-article-author-list__button svg,.c-button-author-list svg{margin:1px 4px 0 0}.c-article-author-list__button:hover,.c-button-author-list:hover{background:#025e8d;border-color:transparent;color:#fff}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider{padding:8px 16px}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider,.c-notes{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-image:initial;border-left:none;border-right:none;margin:24px 0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text{color:#555}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text,.c-notes__text{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:2px;text-align:center}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__address{color:inherit;font-weight:700;margin:0}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__authors-item{display:inline;margin-left:0}.c-article-authors-search{margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:0}.c-article-authors-search__item,.c-article-authors-search__title{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-article-authors-search__title{color:#626262;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-authors-search__item{font-size:1rem}.c-article-authors-search__text{margin:0}.c-code-block{border:1px solid #fff;font-family:monospace;margin:0 0 24px;padding:20px}.c-code-block__heading{font-weight:400;margin-bottom:16px}.c-code-block__line{display:block;overflow-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap}.c-article-share-box{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-share-box__description{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:24px;padding-top:4px}.c-article-share-box__only-read-input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;box-sizing:content-box;display:inline-block;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;height:24px;margin-bottom:8px;padding:8px 10px}.c-article-share-box__additional-info{color:#626262;font-size:.813rem}.c-article-share-box__button{background:#fff;box-sizing:content-box;text-align:center}.c-article-share-box__button--link-like{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:#025e8d;cursor:pointer;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:10px}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-title{line-height:1.3}.c-reading-companion{clear:both;min-height:389px}.c-reading-companion__figures-list,.c-reading-companion__references-list{list-style:none;min-height:389px;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__references-list--numeric{list-style:decimal inside}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1rem;padding:16px 8px 16px 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item:first-child{border-top:none;padding-top:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{font-size:1rem}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{border-top:none}.c-reading-companion__reference-item a{word-break:break-word}.c-reading-companion__reference-citation{display:inline}.c-reading-companion__reference-links{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;list-style:none;margin:8px 0 0;padding:0;text-align:right}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a{display:inline-block;padding-left:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a:first-child{display:inline-block;padding-left:0}.c-reading-companion__figure-title{display:block;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 8px}.c-reading-companion__figure-links{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:8px 0 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-links>a{align-items:center;display:flex}.c-article-section__figure-caption{display:block;margin-bottom:8px;word-break:break-word}.c-article-section__figure .video,p.app-article-masthead__access--above-download{margin:0 0 16px}.c-article-section__figure-description{font-size:1rem}.c-article-section__figure-description>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-cod{display:block;font-size:1rem;width:100%}.c-cod__form{background:#ebf0f3}.c-cod__prompt{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 24px}.c-cod__label{display:block;margin:0 0 4px}.c-cod__row{display:flex;margin:0 0 16px}.c-cod__row:last-child{margin:0}.c-cod__input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-radius:2px;flex-shrink:0;margin:0;padding:13px}.c-cod__input--submit{background-color:#025e8d;border:1px solid #025e8d;color:#fff;flex-shrink:1;margin-left:8px;transition:background-color .2s ease-out 0s,color .2s ease-out 0s}.c-cod__input--submit-single{flex-basis:100%;flex-shrink:0;margin:0}.c-cod__input--submit:focus,.c-cod__input--submit:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#025e8d}.save-data .c-article-author-institutional-author__sub-division,.save-data .c-article-equation__number,.save-data .c-article-figure-description,.save-data .c-article-fullwidth-content,.save-data .c-article-main-column,.save-data .c-article-satellite-article-link,.save-data .c-article-satellite-subtitle,.save-data .c-article-table-container,.save-data .c-blockquote__body,.save-data .c-code-block__heading,.save-data .c-reading-companion__figure-title,.save-data .c-reading-companion__reference-citation,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant .serif,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant.serif,.save-data .serif,.save-data .u-serif,.save-data h1,.save-data h2,.save-data h3{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-pdf-download__link{display:flex;flex:1 1 0%;padding:13px 24px}.c-pdf-download__link:hover{text-decoration:none}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{align-items:center;flex:1 1 183px}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{padding:16px}}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:16px 16px;margin:0;max-width:100%;padding:16px 0 0}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list__item,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list__item{flex:1 1 0%}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list{flex-direction:column}}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-card__authors{display:none;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 8px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-card__authors{display:block;margin:0}}.c-article-body .c-article-history{margin-top:24px}.app-article-metrics-bar p{margin:0}.app-article-masthead{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px 16px;padding:16px 0 24px}.app-article-masthead__info{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.app-article-masthead__brand{border-top:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-shrink:0;gap:8px 8px;min-height:96px;padding:16px 0 0}.app-article-masthead__brand img{border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 15px 0 hsla(0,0%,50%,.25);height:auto;left:0;position:absolute;width:72px}.app-article-masthead__journal-link{display:block;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 8px;max-width:400px;padding:0 0 0 88px;position:relative}.app-article-masthead__journal-title{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:3;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden}.app-article-masthead__submission-link{align-items:center;display:flex;font-size:1rem;gap:4px 4px;margin:0 0 0 88px}.app-article-masthead__access{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;gap:4px 4px;margin:0}.app-article-masthead__buttons{display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;gap:16px 16px}.app-article-masthead__access svg,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary svg,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary svg,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary svg,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary svg{fill:currentcolor}.app-article-masthead a{color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary{background-color:#025e8d;background-image:none;border:2px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:visited,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{text-decoration:none}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;color:#025e8d;font-weight:700}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:visited,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:visited{color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#01324b;background-color:#025e8d;border:2px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:4px solid #fc0;color:#01324b}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.app-article-masthead{flex-direction:row;gap:64px 64px;padding:24px 0}.app-article-masthead__brand{border:0;padding:0}.app-article-masthead__brand img{height:auto;position:static;width:auto}.app-article-masthead__buttons{align-items:center;flex-direction:row;margin-top:auto}.app-article-masthead__journal-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:24px 24px;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.app-article-masthead__submission-link{margin:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-article-masthead__brand{flex-basis:400px}}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1;margin:0 0 8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers--cite-list{margin:0 0 16px}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers *{color:#fff}.app-article-masthead .c-cod{display:none}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers__item{border-left:1px solid #fff;border-right:0;margin:0 17px 8px -9px;padding:0 0 0 8px}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers__item--cite{border-left:0}.app-article-metrics-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1rem;padding:16px 0 0;row-gap:24px}.app-article-metrics-bar__item{padding:0 16px 0 0}.app-article-metrics-bar__count{font-weight:700}.app-article-metrics-bar__label{font-weight:400;padding-left:4px}.app-article-metrics-bar__icon{height:auto;margin-right:4px;margin-top:-4px;width:auto}.app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon{margin:4px 0 0 4px}.app-article-metrics-bar a{color:#000}.app-article-metrics-bar .app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics{padding-right:0}.app-overview-section .c-article-author-list,.app-overview-section__authors{line-height:2}.app-article-metrics-bar{margin-top:8px}.c-book-toc-pagination+.c-book-section__back-to-top{margin-top:0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text--chapter{color:#222;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;padding:20px 0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text--chapter svg.c-status-message__icon{fill:#003f8d;vertical-align:middle}.c-article-body-section__content--separator{padding-top:40px}.c-pdf-download__link{max-height:44px}.app-article-access .u-button--primary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.c-article-sidebar{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-sidebar{display:block}}.c-cod__form{border-radius:12px}.c-cod__label{font-size:.875rem}.c-cod .c-status-message{align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-cod .c-status-message{align-items:inherit}}.c-cod .c-status-message__icon{margin-top:4px}.c-cod .c-cod__prompt{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-body .app-article-access,.c-book-body .app-article-access{display:block}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-body .app-article-access,.c-book-body .app-article-access{display:none}}.c-article-body .app-card-service{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-body .app-card-service{display:none}}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary,.c-cod__row .u-button--primary{background-color:#025e8d;border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;gap:8px 8px;justify-content:center;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 24px}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary:hover,.c-cod__row .u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#025e8d}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#025e8d;color:#fff}.buybox__buy .c-notes__text{color:#666;font-size:.875rem;padding:0 16px 8px}.c-cod__input{flex-basis:auto;width:100%}.c-article-title{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:2.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:12px 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item figure{margin:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-title{margin:16px 0}}.app-article-access{border:1px solid #c5e0f4;border-radius:12px}.app-article-access__heading{border-bottom:1px solid #c5e0f4;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:16px;text-align:center}.app-article-access .buybox__info svg{vertical-align:middle}.c-article-body .app-article-access p{margin-bottom:0}.app-article-access .buybox__info{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;margin:0}.app-article-access{margin:0 0 32px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-article-access{margin:0 0 24px}}.c-status-message{font-size:1rem}.c-article-body{font-size:1.125rem}.c-article-body dl,.c-article-body ol,.c-article-body p,.c-article-body ul{margin-bottom:32px;margin-top:0}.c-article-access-provider__text:last-of-type,.c-article-body .c-notes__text:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-body ol p,.c-article-body ul p{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-section__figure-caption{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{border-top-color:#c5e0f4}.c-reading-companion__sticky{max-width:400px}.c-article-section .c-article-section__figure-description>*{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding:16px 0}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{padding-top:0}.c-article-share-box__button,.js .c-article-authors-search__item .c-article-button{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;border-radius:32px;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;margin:0;padding:8px 24px;transition:all .2s ease 0s}.c-article-authors-search__item .c-article-button{width:100%}.c-pdf-download .u-button{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #fff;color:#01324b;justify-content:center}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button svg,.c-pdf-download .u-button svg{fill:currentcolor}.c-pdf-download .u-button:visited{color:#01324b}.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background-color:#01324b}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus svg path,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button{background-image:none;border:2px solid;color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:visited{color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus{box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus svg path,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover svg path{fill:#01324b}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button,.c-pdf-download .u-button{box-shadow:none;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 24px}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button{background-color:#025e8d}.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:2px solid #fff}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background:0 0;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus{border:2px solid #025e8d}.c-article-share-box__button:focus:focus,.c-article__pill-button:focus:focus,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus:focus{outline:3px solid #08c;will-change:transform}.c-pdf-download__link .u-icon{padding-top:0}.c-bibliographic-information__column button{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__list p,.c-article-body .c-article-author-information__list p,figure{margin:0}.c-article-share-box__button{margin-right:16px}.c-status-message--boxed{border-radius:12px}.c-article-associated-content__collection-title{font-size:1rem}.app-card-service__description,.c-article-body .app-card-service__description{color:#222;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:8px}.app-article-access__subscriptions a,.app-article-access__subscriptions a:visited,.app-book-series-listing__item a,.app-book-series-listing__item a:hover,.app-book-series-listing__item a:visited,.c-article-author-list a,.c-article-author-list a:visited,.c-article-buy-box a,.c-article-buy-box a:visited,.c-article-peer-review a,.c-article-peer-review a:visited,.c-article-satellite-subtitle a,.c-article-satellite-subtitle a:visited,.c-breadcrumbs__link,.c-breadcrumbs__link:hover,.c-breadcrumbs__link:visited{color:#000}.c-article-author-list svg{height:24px;margin:0 0 0 6px;width:24px}.c-article-header{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.js .c-ad--conditional{display:block}}.u-lazy-ad-wrapper{background-color:#fff;display:none;min-height:149px}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.u-lazy-ad-wrapper{display:block}}p.c-ad__label{margin-bottom:4px}.c-ad--728x90{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #cedbe0} } </style> <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { .eds-c-header__brand img{height:24px;width:203px}.app-article-masthead__journal-link img{height:93px;width:72px}@media only screen and (min-width:769px){.app-article-masthead__journal-link img{height:161px;width:122px}} } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" href=/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-8c08f3c2fc.css media="print" onload="this.media='all';this.onload=null"> <link rel="stylesheet" data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" href="/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-darwin-article-72ba046d97.css" media="print" onload="this.media='only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)';this.onload=null"> <script type="text/javascript"> config = { env: 'live', site: '11270.springer.com', siteWithPath: '11270.springer.com' + window.location.pathname, twitterHashtag: '11270', cmsPrefix: 'https://studio-cms.springernature.com/studio/', publisherBrand: 'Springer', mustardcut: false }; </script> <script> window.dataLayer = [{"GA Key":"UA-26408784-1","DOI":"10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z","Page":"article","springerJournal":true,"Publishing Model":"Hybrid Access","Country":"SG","japan":false,"doi":"10.1007-s11270-024-07456-z","Journal Id":11270,"Journal Title":"Water, Air, \u0026 Soil Pollution","imprint":"Springer","Keywords":"Saponite, ZnO nanoparticles, Photodegradation, Rhodamine B, Water treatment","kwrd":["Saponite","ZnO_nanoparticles","Photodegradation","Rhodamine_B","Water_treatment"],"Labs":"Y","ksg":"Krux.segments","kuid":"Krux.uid","Has Body":"Y","Features":[],"Open Access":"N","hasAccess":"N","bypassPaywall":"N","user":{"license":{"businessPartnerID":[],"businessPartnerIDString":""}},"Access Type":"no-access","Bpids":"","Bpnames":"","BPID":["1"],"VG Wort Identifier":"pw-vgzm.415900-10.1007-s11270-024-07456-z","Full HTML":"N","Subject Codes":["SCU","SCU00009","SC212000","SCU35010","SCU28000","SCG19005","SC313000"],"pmc":["U","U00009","212000","U35010","U28000","G19005","313000"],"session":{"authentication":{"loginStatus":"N"},"attributes":{"edition":"academic"}},"content":{"serial":{"eissn":"1573-2932","pissn":"0049-6979"},"type":"Article","category":{"pmc":{"primarySubject":"Environment","primarySubjectCode":"U","secondarySubjects":{"1":"Environment, general","2":"Water Quality/Water Pollution","3":"Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution","4":"Soil Science \u0026 Conservation","5":"Hydrogeology","6":"Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts"},"secondarySubjectCodes":{"1":"U00009","2":"212000","3":"U35010","4":"U28000","5":"G19005","6":"313000"}},"sucode":"SC7","articleType":"Article"},"attributes":{"deliveryPlatform":"oscar"}},"page":{"attributes":{"environment":"live"},"category":{"pageType":"article"}},"Event Category":"Article"}]; </script> <script data-test="springer-link-article-datalayer"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ ga4MeasurementId: 'G-B3E4QL2TPR', ga360TrackingId: 'UA-26408784-1', twitterId: 'o47a7', baiduId: 'aef3043f025ccf2305af8a194652d70b', ga4ServerUrl: 'https://collect.springer.com', imprint: 'springerlink', page: { attributes:{ featureFlags: [{ name: 'darwin-orion', active: true }, { name: 'chapter-books-recs', active: true } ], darwinAvailable: true } } }); </script> <script> (function(w, d) { w.config = w.config || {}; w.config.mustardcut = false; if (w.matchMedia && w.matchMedia('only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) { w.config.mustardcut = true; d.classList.add('js'); d.classList.remove('grade-c'); d.classList.remove('no-js'); } })(window, document.documentElement); </script> <script class="js-entry"> if (window.config.mustardcut) { (function(w, d) { window.Component = {}; window.suppressShareButton = false; window.onArticlePage = true; var currentScript = d.currentScript || d.head.querySelector('script.js-entry'); function catchNoModuleSupport() { var scriptEl = d.createElement('script'); return (!('noModule' in scriptEl) && 'onbeforeload' in scriptEl) } var headScripts = [ {'src': '/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-572d4fec60.js', 'async': false} ]; var bodyScripts = [ {'src': '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es5-bundle-dad1690b0d.js', 'async': false, 'module': false}, {'src': '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es6-bundle-e7d03c4cb3.js', 'async': false, 'module': true} ]; function createScript(script) { var scriptEl = d.createElement('script'); scriptEl.src = script.src; scriptEl.async = script.async; if (script.module === true) { scriptEl.type = "module"; if (catchNoModuleSupport()) { scriptEl.src = ''; } } else if (script.module === false) { scriptEl.setAttribute('nomodule', true) } if (script.charset) { scriptEl.setAttribute('charset', script.charset); } return scriptEl; } for (var i = 0; i < headScripts.length; ++i) { var scriptEl = createScript(headScripts[i]); currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptEl, currentScript.nextSibling); } d.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { for (var i = 0; i < bodyScripts.length; ++i) { var scriptEl = createScript(bodyScripts[i]); d.body.appendChild(scriptEl); } }); // Webfont repeat view var config = w.config; if (config && config.publisherBrand && sessionStorage.fontsLoaded === 'true') { d.documentElement.className += ' webfonts-loaded'; } })(window, document); } </script> <script data-src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/27195530232.js" data-cc-script="C03"></script> <script data-test="gtm-head"> window.initGTM = function() { if (window.config.mustardcut) { (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MRVXSHQ'); } } </script> <script> (function (w, d, t) { function cc() { var h = w.location.hostname; var e = d.createElement(t), s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; if (h.indexOf('springer.com') > -1 && h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com') === -1 && h.indexOf('springeropen.com') === -1) { if (h.indexOf('link-qa.springer.com') > -1 || h.indexOf('test-www.springer.com') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-52.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-52.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com.qa') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.biomedcentral.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-15-36.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.biomedcentral.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-15-36.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('springeropen.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('springeropen.com.qa') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-16-35.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-16-35.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('springernature.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('beta-qa.springernature.com') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-43.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NK22KLS')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-43.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NK22KLS')"); } } else { e.src = '/oscar-static/js/cookie-consent-es5-bundle-cb57c2c98a.js'; e.setAttribute('data-consent', h); } s.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', e); } cc(); })(window, document, 'script'); </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntity":{"headline":"ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye","description":"The sol–gel process was applied to prepare ZnO-saponite nanocomposite for environmental remediation and investigation of photocatalysis mechanisms. The nanocomposite followed the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model dye under irradiation with visible light. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Point of zero charges (Pcz), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Reuse, the effect of scavengers, and toxicity were also investigated. The results showed an effective incorporation of the semiconductor on the surface of the support, forming a hexagonal structure with the wurtzite phase of ZnO. The evaluation of texture and morphology showed the effective distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of the synthesized photocatalyst. The intensified adsorption/photocatalysis process using saponite-based nanocomposite achieved more than 85% RhB dye removal efficiency after 270 min. It followed presented pseudo-first-order kinetics with a constant equal to 6.627 × 10–1 min−1. Furthermore, the evaluation of the effect of scavengers indicated that alcohol played an important role in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. It was stable after evaluating the catalyst after successive cycles, maintaining its structure, as FTIR proved. Furthermore, the studied nanocomposites did not show evidence of toxicity, thus being promising candidates for application in the removal of polluting dye.","datePublished":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"1","pageEnd":"21","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z","keywords":["Saponite","ZnO nanoparticles","Photodegradation","Rhodamine B","Water treatment","Environment","general","Water Quality/Water Pollution","Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution","Soil Science & Conservation","Hydrogeology","Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts"],"image":["https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig1_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig2_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig3_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig4_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig5_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig6_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig7_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig8_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig9_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig10_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig11_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig12_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig13_HTML.png"],"isPartOf":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","issn":["1573-2932","0049-6979"],"volumeNumber":"235","@type":["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]},"publisher":{"name":"Springer International Publishing","logo":{"url":"https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png","@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"author":[{"name":"Dihêgo H. Damaceno","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Pollyana Trigueiro","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Luciano Clécio Brandão Lima","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Luzia M. Honorio","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"},{"name":"Center for Agrarian Sciences","address":{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Areia-PB, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Ramón Peña-Garcia","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"},{"name":"UACSA/UFRPE","address":{"name":"Department of Physics Engineering, UACSA/UFRPE, Cabo de Santo Agostinho-PE, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Marcelo B. Furtini","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Yuset Guerra","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Maria Gardennia Fonseca","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Extension Center - Fuel and Materials Laboratory (NPE – LACOM)","address":{"name":"Research and Extension Center - Fuel and Materials Laboratory (NPE – LACOM), João Pessoa-PB, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Edson C. da Silva-Filho","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Maguy Jaber","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Université","address":{"name":"LAMS (Laboratoire d’Archéologie Moléculaire Et Structurale), UMR 8220, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Josy A. Osajima","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-3244","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV)","address":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), Teresina-PI, Brazil","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"josyosajima@ufpi.edu.br","@type":"Person"}],"isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".main-content","@type":"WebPageElement"},"@type":"ScholarlyArticle"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage"}</script> </head> <body class="" > <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript data-test="gtm-body"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div class="u-visually-hidden" aria-hidden="true" data-test="darwin-icons"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><symbol id="icon-eds-i-accesses-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.59 1a1 1 0 0 1 .706.291l5.41 5.385a1 1 0 0 1 .294.709v13.077c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742H15a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4.455a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.8L15.178 3H5.545a.543.543 0 0 0-.538.451L5 3.538v8.607a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1h10.046ZM8 13c2.052 0 4.66 1.61 6.36 3.4l.124.141c.333.41.516.925.516 1.459 0 .6-.232 1.178-.64 1.599C12.666 21.388 10.054 23 8 23c-2.052 0-4.66-1.61-6.353-3.393A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 1 18c0-.6.232-1.178.64-1.6C3.34 14.61 5.948 13 8 13Zm0 2c-1.369 0-3.552 1.348-4.917 2.785A.31.31 0 0 0 3 18c0 .083.031.161.09.222C4.447 19.652 6.631 21 8 21c1.37 0 3.556-1.35 4.917-2.785A.31.31 0 0 0 13 18a.32.32 0 0 0-.048-.17l-.042-.052C11.553 16.348 9.369 15 8 15Zm0 1a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-altmetric-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c5.978 0 10.843 4.77 10.996 10.712l.004.306-.002.022-.002.248C22.843 18.23 17.978 23 12 23 5.925 23 1 18.075 1 12S5.925 1 12 1Zm-1.726 9.246L8.848 12.53a1 1 0 0 1-.718.461L8.003 13l-4.947.014a9.001 9.001 0 0 0 17.887-.001L16.553 13l-2.205 3.53a1 1 0 0 1-1.735-.068l-.05-.11-2.289-6.106ZM12 3a9.001 9.001 0 0 0-8.947 8.013l4.391-.012L9.652 7.47a1 1 0 0 1 1.784.179l2.288 6.104 1.428-2.283a1 1 0 0 1 .722-.462l.129-.008 4.943.012A9.001 9.001 0 0 0 12 3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.852 20.989.058.007L12 21l.075-.003.126-.017.111-.03.111-.044.098-.052.104-.074.082-.073 6-6a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414L13 17.585v-12.2C13 4.075 11.964 3 10.667 3H4a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h6.667c.175 0 .333.164.333.385v12.2l-4.293-4.292a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l6 6c.035.036.073.068.112.097l.11.071.114.054.105.035.118.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5v8.585L3.707 8.293a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l5 5 .063.059.093.069.081.048.105.048.104.035.105.022.096.01h.136l.122-.018.113-.03.103-.04.1-.053.102-.07.052-.043 5.04-5.037a1 1 0 1 0-1.415-1.414L9 11.583V3a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.852 3.011.058-.007L12 3l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.104.074.082.073 6 6a1 1 0 1 1-1.414 1.414L13 6.415v12.2C13 19.925 11.964 21 10.667 21H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6.667c.175 0 .333-.164.333-.385v-12.2l-4.293 4.292a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l6-6c.035-.036.073-.068.112-.097l.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 13.998a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5V4.413L3.707 7.705a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.084l-.094-.084a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l5-5 .063-.059.093-.068.081-.05.105-.047.104-.035.105-.022L7.94 1l.136.001.122.017.113.03.103.04.1.053.102.07.052.043 5.04 5.037a1 1 0 1 1-1.415 1.414L9 4.415v8.583a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-diagonal-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14 3h6l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.054.114.035.105.03.148L21 4v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.414l-4.293 4.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L17.584 5H14a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L13 4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1ZM4 13a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3.584l4.293-4.291a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L6.414 19H10a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11 20a1 1 0 0 1-1 1l-6.075-.003-.126-.017-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08a1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.097-.112l-.071-.11-.054-.114-.035-.105-.025-.118-.007-.058L3 20v-6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-diagonal-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m2 15-.082-.004-.119-.016-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08a1.008 1.008 0 0 1-.097-.112l-.071-.11-.031-.062-.034-.081-.024-.076-.025-.118-.007-.058L1 14.02V9a1 1 0 1 1 2 0v2.584l2.793-2.791a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L4.414 13H7a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L8 14a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2ZM14 1l.081.003.12.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.031.062.034.081.024.076.03.148L15 2v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.414l-2.96 2.96A1 1 0 1 1 8.626 5.96L11.584 3H9a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L8 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m20.707 12.728-7.99 7.98a.996.996 0 0 1-.561.281l-.157.011a.998.998 0 0 1-.788-.384l-7.918-7.908a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.416L11 17.576V4a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v13.598l6.293-6.285a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.082l.095.083a1 1 0 0 1-.001 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m1.293 8.707 6 6 .063.059.093.069.081.048.105.049.104.034.056.013.118.017L8 15l.076-.003.122-.017.113-.03.085-.032.063-.03.098-.058.06-.043.05-.043 6.04-6.037a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414L9 11.583V2a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v9.585L2.707 7.293a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.272 3.293-7.98 7.99a.996.996 0 0 0-.281.561L3 12.001c0 .32.15.605.384.788l7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 0 1.416-1.414L6.424 13H20a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H6.402l6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 0 .082-1.32l-.083-.095a1 1 0 0 0-1.414.001Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-left-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m7.293 1.293-6 6-.059.063-.069.093-.048.081-.049.105-.034.104-.013.056-.017.118L1 8l.003.076.017.122.03.113.032.085.03.063.058.098.043.06.043.05 6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 0 1.414-1.414L4.417 9H14a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H4.415l4.292-4.293a1 1 0 0 0 .083-1.32l-.083-.094a1 1 0 0 0-1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.728 3.293 7.98 7.99a.996.996 0 0 1 .281.561l.011.157c0 .32-.15.605-.384.788l-7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 1-1.416-1.414L17.576 13H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h13.598l-6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 1-.082-1.32l.083-.095a1 1 0 0 1 1.414.001Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m8.707 1.293 6 6 .059.063.069.093.048.081.049.105.034.104.013.056.017.118L15 8l-.003.076-.017.122-.03.113-.032.085-.03.063-.058.098-.043.06-.043.05-6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.583 9H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h9.585L7.293 2.707a1 1 0 0 1-.083-1.32l.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m3.293 11.272 7.99-7.98a.996.996 0 0 1 .561-.281L12.001 3c.32 0 .605.15.788.384l7.918 7.908a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.416L13 6.424V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.402l-6.293 6.285a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.082l-.095-.083a1 1 0 0 1 .001-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m1.293 7.293 6-6 .063-.059.093-.069.081-.048.105-.049.104-.034.056-.013.118-.017L8 1l.076.003.122.017.113.03.085.032.063.03.098.058.06.043.05.043 6.04 6.037a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L9 4.417V14a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.415L2.707 8.707a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-article-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8 7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h4a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H8ZM8 11a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h8a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H8ZM7 16a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h8a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Z"/><path d="M5.545 1A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538v16.924A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 5.545 23h12.91A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 21 20.462V3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 18.5 1H5.545ZM5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3H18.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v16.962c0 .293-.24.538-.546.538H5.545A.542.542 0 0 1 5 20.462V3.538Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-book-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.5 1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 21 3.5v12c0 1.16-.79 2.135-1.86 2.418l-.14.031V21h1a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L21 22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H6.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-15A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h12ZM17 18H6.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-1.493 1.356L5 19.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 6.5 21H17v-3Zm1.5-15h-12A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 5 4.5v11.837l.054-.025a3.481 3.481 0 0 1 1.254-.307L6.5 16h12a.5.5 0 0 0 .492-.41L19 15.5v-12a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM15 6a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-book-series-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 3.786C1 2.759 1.857 2 2.82 2H6.18c.964 0 1.82.759 1.82 1.786V4h3.168c.668 0 1.298.364 1.616.938.158-.109.333-.195.523-.252l3.216-.965c.923-.277 1.962.204 2.257 1.187l4.146 13.82c.296.984-.307 1.957-1.23 2.234l-3.217.965c-.923.277-1.962-.203-2.257-1.187L13 10.005v10.21c0 1.04-.878 1.785-1.834 1.785H7.833c-.291 0-.575-.07-.83-.195A1.849 1.849 0 0 1 6.18 22H2.821C1.857 22 1 21.241 1 20.214V3.786ZM3 4v11h3V4H3Zm0 16v-3h3v3H3Zm15.075-.04-.814-2.712 2.874-.862.813 2.712-2.873.862Zm1.485-5.49-2.874.862-2.634-8.782 2.873-.862 2.635 8.782ZM8 20V6h3v14H8Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-acceptance-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-.534 7.747a1 1 0 0 1 .094 1.412l-4.846 5.538a1 1 0 0 1-1.352.141l-2.77-2.076a1 1 0 0 1 1.2-1.6l2.027 1.519 4.236-4.84a1 1 0 0 1 1.411-.094ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-date-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1ZM8 15a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm-4-4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-decision-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-2.935 8.246 2.686 2.645c.34.335.34.883 0 1.218l-2.686 2.645a.858.858 0 0 1-1.213-.009.854.854 0 0 1 .009-1.21l1.05-1.035H7.984a.992.992 0 0 1-.984-1c0-.552.44-1 .984-1h5.928l-1.051-1.036a.854.854 0 0 1-.085-1.121l.076-.088a.858.858 0 0 1 1.213-.009ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-impact-factor-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-3.2 6.924a.48.48 0 0 1 .125.544l-1.52 3.283h2.304c.27 0 .491.215.491.483a.477.477 0 0 1-.13.327l-4.18 4.484a.498.498 0 0 1-.69.031.48.48 0 0 1-.125-.544l1.52-3.284H9.291a.487.487 0 0 1-.491-.482c0-.121.047-.238.13-.327l4.18-4.484a.498.498 0 0 1 .69-.031ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-call-papers-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="m20.707 2.883-1.414 1.414a1 1 0 0 0 1.414 1.414l1.414-1.414a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414Z"/><path d="M6 16.054c0 2.026 1.052 2.943 3 2.943a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-2.996 0-5-1.746-5-4.943v-1.227a4.068 4.068 0 0 1-1.83-1.189 4.553 4.553 0 0 1-.87-1.455 4.868 4.868 0 0 1-.3-1.686c0-1.17.417-2.298 1.17-3.14.38-.426.834-.767 1.338-1 .51-.237 1.06-.36 1.617-.36L6.632 6H7l7.932-2.895A2.363 2.363 0 0 1 18 5.36v9.28a2.36 2.36 0 0 1-3.069 2.25l.084.03L7 14.997H6v1.057Zm9.637-11.057a.415.415 0 0 0-.083.008L8 7.638v5.536l7.424 1.786.104.02c.035.01.072.02.109.02.2 0 .363-.16.363-.36V5.36c0-.2-.163-.363-.363-.363Zm-9.638 3h-.874a1.82 1.82 0 0 0-.625.111l-.15.063a2.128 2.128 0 0 0-.689.517c-.42.47-.661 1.123-.661 1.81 0 .34.06.678.176.992.114.308.28.585.485.816.4.447.925.691 1.464.691h.874v-5Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path d="M20 8.997h2a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2ZM20.707 14.293l1.414 1.414a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-1.414-1.414a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-card-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.615 2c.315 0 .716.067 1.14.279.76.38 1.245 1.107 1.245 2.106v15.23c0 .315-.067.716-.279 1.14-.38.76-1.107 1.245-2.106 1.245H4.385a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.14-.279C2.485 21.341 2 20.614 2 19.615V4.385c0-.315.067-.716.279-1.14C2.659 2.485 3.386 2 4.385 2h15.23Zm0 2H4.385c-.213 0-.265.034-.317.14A.71.71 0 0 0 4 4.385v15.23c0 .213.034.265.14.317a.71.71 0 0 0 .245.068h15.23c.213 0 .265-.034.317-.14a.71.71 0 0 0 .068-.245V4.385c0-.213-.034-.265-.14-.317A.71.71 0 0 0 19.615 4ZM17 16a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h10Zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h10Zm-.5-7A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 18 7.5v3a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-9A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 6 10.5v-3A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 7.5 6h9ZM16 8H8v2h8V8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-cart-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M5.76 1a1 1 0 0 1 .994.902L7.155 6h13.34c.18 0 .358.02.532.057l.174.045a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 1.693 3.103l-2.069 7.03c-.36 1.099-1.398 1.823-2.49 1.763H8.65c-1.272.015-2.352-.927-2.546-2.244L4.852 3H2a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L1 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.76Zm2.328 14.51a.555.555 0 0 0 .55.488l9.751.001a.533.533 0 0 0 .527-.357l2.059-7a.5.5 0 0 0-.48-.642H7.351l.737 7.51ZM18 19a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4ZM8 19a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm5.125 4.72a1 1 0 0 1 .156 1.405l-6 7.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.421.143l-3-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.28-1.536l2.217 1.846 5.362-6.703a1 1 0 0 1 1.406-.156Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm5.125 6.72a1 1 0 0 0-1.406.155l-5.362 6.703-2.217-1.846a1 1 0 1 0-1.28 1.536l3 2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.143l6-7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.155-1.406Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3.305 8.28a1 1 0 0 0-.024 1.415l7.495 7.762c.314.345.757.543 1.224.543.467 0 .91-.198 1.204-.522l7.515-7.783a1 1 0 1 0-1.438-1.39L12 15.845l-7.28-7.54A1 1 0 0 0 3.4 8.2l-.096.082Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 5.278a1 1 0 0 1 .03 1.414L9.103 11.51a1.491 1.491 0 0 1-2.188.019L2.278 6.692a1 1 0 0 1 1.444-1.384L8 9.771l4.278-4.463a1 1 0 0 1 1.318-.111l.096.081Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.72 3.305a1 1 0 0 0-1.415-.024l-7.762 7.495A1.655 1.655 0 0 0 6 12c0 .467.198.91.522 1.204l7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 0 1.39-1.438L8.155 12l7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 0 15.8 3.4l-.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M10.722 2.308a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-.03L4.49 6.897a1.491 1.491 0 0 0-.019 2.188l4.838 4.637a1 1 0 1 0 1.384-1.444L6.229 8l4.463-4.278a1 1 0 0 0 .111-1.318l-.081-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28 3.305a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.024l7.762 7.495c.345.314.543.757.543 1.224 0 .467-.198.91-.522 1.204l-7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 1-1.39-1.438L15.845 12l-7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 1 8.2 3.4l.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5.278 2.308a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-.03l4.819 4.619a1.491 1.491 0 0 1 .019 2.188l-4.838 4.637a1 1 0 1 1-1.384-1.444L9.771 8 5.308 3.722a1 1 0 0 1-.111-1.318l.081-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.695 15.72a1 1 0 0 0 .024-1.415l-7.495-7.762A1.655 1.655 0 0 0 12 6c-.467 0-.91.198-1.204.522l-7.515 7.783a1 1 0 1 0 1.438 1.39L12 8.155l7.28 7.54a1 1 0 0 0 1.319.106l.096-.082Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 10.722a1 1 0 0 0 .03-1.414L9.103 4.49a1.491 1.491 0 0 0-2.188-.019L2.278 9.308a1 1 0 0 0 1.444 1.384L8 6.229l4.278 4.463a1 1 0 0 0 1.318.111l.096-.081Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-citations-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.59 1a1 1 0 0 1 .706.291l5.41 5.385a1 1 0 0 1 .294.709v13.077c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742h-5.843a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h5.843a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.8L15.178 3H5.545a.543.543 0 0 0-.538.451L5 3.538v8.607a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1h10.046ZM5.483 14.35c.197.26.17.62-.049.848l-.095.083-.016.011c-.36.24-.628.45-.804.634-.393.409-.59.93-.59 1.562.077-.019.192-.028.345-.028.442 0 .84.158 1.195.474.355.316.532.716.532 1.2 0 .501-.173.9-.518 1.198-.345.298-.767.446-1.266.446-.672 0-1.209-.195-1.612-.585-.403-.39-.604-.976-.604-1.757 0-.744.11-1.39.33-1.938.222-.549.49-1.009.807-1.38a4.28 4.28 0 0 1 .992-.88c.07-.043.148-.087.232-.133a.881.881 0 0 1 1.121.245Zm5 0c.197.26.17.62-.049.848l-.095.083-.016.011c-.36.24-.628.45-.804.634-.393.409-.59.93-.59 1.562.077-.019.192-.028.345-.028.442 0 .84.158 1.195.474.355.316.532.716.532 1.2 0 .501-.173.9-.518 1.198-.345.298-.767.446-1.266.446-.672 0-1.209-.195-1.612-.585-.403-.39-.604-.976-.604-1.757 0-.744.11-1.39.33-1.938.222-.549.49-1.009.807-1.38a4.28 4.28 0 0 1 .992-.88c.07-.043.148-.087.232-.133a.881.881 0 0 1 1.121.245Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-clipboard-check-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.4 1c1.238 0 2.274.865 2.536 2.024L18.5 3C19.886 3 21 4.14 21 5.535v14.93C21 21.86 19.886 23 18.5 23h-13C4.114 23 3 21.86 3 20.465V5.535C3 4.14 4.114 3 5.5 3h1.57c.27-1.147 1.3-2 2.53-2h4.8Zm4.115 4-1.59.024A2.601 2.601 0 0 1 14.4 7H9.6c-1.23 0-2.26-.853-2.53-2H5.5c-.27 0-.5.234-.5.535v14.93c0 .3.23.535.5.535h13c.27 0 .5-.234.5-.535V5.535c0-.3-.23-.535-.485-.535Zm-1.909 4.205a1 1 0 0 1 .19 1.401l-5.334 7a1 1 0 0 1-1.344.23l-2.667-1.75a1 1 0 1 1 1.098-1.672l1.887 1.238 4.769-6.258a1 1 0 0 1 1.401-.19ZM14.4 3H9.6a.6.6 0 0 0-.6.6v.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6.6h4.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6-.6v-.8a.6.6 0 0 0-.6-.6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-clipboard-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.4 1c1.238 0 2.274.865 2.536 2.024L18.5 3C19.886 3 21 4.14 21 5.535v14.93C21 21.86 19.886 23 18.5 23h-13C4.114 23 3 21.86 3 20.465V5.535C3 4.14 4.114 3 5.5 3h1.57c.27-1.147 1.3-2 2.53-2h4.8Zm4.115 4-1.59.024A2.601 2.601 0 0 1 14.4 7H9.6c-1.23 0-2.26-.853-2.53-2H5.5c-.27 0-.5.234-.5.535v14.93c0 .3.23.535.5.535h13c.27 0 .5-.234.5-.535V5.535c0-.3-.23-.535-.485-.535Zm-2.658 10.929a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h7.857Zm0-3.929a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h7.857ZM14.4 3H9.6a.6.6 0 0 0-.6.6v.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6.6h4.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6-.6v-.8a.6.6 0 0 0-.6-.6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-close-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18ZM8.707 7.293 12 10.585l3.293-3.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414L13.415 12l3.292 3.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L12 13.415l-3.293 3.292a1 1 0 1 1-1.414-1.414L10.585 12 7.293 8.707a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-cloud-upload-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.852 10.011.028-.004L13 10l.075.003.126.017.086.022.136.052.098.052.104.074.082.073 3 3a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 1-1.32-.083L14 13.416V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6.586l-1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l3-3 .112-.097.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Zm.587-7.962c3.065.362 5.497 2.662 5.992 5.562l.013.085.207.073c2.117.782 3.496 2.845 3.337 5.097l-.022.226c-.297 2.561-2.503 4.491-5.124 4.502a1 1 0 1 1-.009-2c1.619-.007 2.967-1.186 3.147-2.733.179-1.542-.86-2.979-2.487-3.353-.512-.149-.894-.579-.981-1.165-.21-2.237-2-4.035-4.308-4.308-2.31-.273-4.497 1.06-5.25 3.19l-.049.113c-.234.468-.718.756-1.176.743-1.418.057-2.689.857-3.32 2.084a3.668 3.668 0 0 0 .262 3.798c.796 1.136 2.169 1.764 3.583 1.635a1 1 0 1 1 .182 1.992c-2.125.194-4.193-.753-5.403-2.48a5.668 5.668 0 0 1-.403-5.86c.85-1.652 2.449-2.79 4.323-3.092l.287-.039.013-.028c1.207-2.741 4.125-4.404 7.186-4.042Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-collection-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v12.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h11.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5.5-5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 18 4.5v12a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2 16.5v-12A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 2h11Zm0 2h-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v12a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-12a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM13 13a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6Zm0-3.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6ZM13 6a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-conference-series-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.5 2A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2 4.5v11A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4.5 18h2.37l-2.534 2.253a1 1 0 0 0 1.328 1.494L9.88 18H11v3a1 1 0 1 0 2 0v-3h1.12l4.216 3.747a1 1 0 0 0 1.328-1.494L17.13 18h2.37a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5v-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19.5 2h-15ZM20 6V4.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-15a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V6h16ZM4 8v7.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h15a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-delivery-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.51 20.598a3.037 3.037 0 0 1-3.02 0A2.968 2.968 0 0 1 4.161 19L3.5 19A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 1 16.5v-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.5 3h10a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.45 2.004L16 5h2.527c.976 0 1.855.585 2.27 1.49l2.112 4.62a1 1 0 0 1 .091.416v4.856C23 17.814 21.889 19 20.484 19h-.523a1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.121-.007 2.96 2.96 0 0 1-1.33 1.605 3.037 3.037 0 0 1-3.02 0A2.968 2.968 0 0 1 14.161 19H9.838a2.968 2.968 0 0 1-1.327 1.597Zm-2.024-3.462a.955.955 0 0 0-.481.73L5.999 18l.001.022a.944.944 0 0 0 .388.777l.098.065c.316.181.712.181 1.028 0A.97.97 0 0 0 8 17.978a.95.95 0 0 0-.486-.842 1.037 1.037 0 0 0-1.028 0Zm10 0a.955.955 0 0 0-.481.73l-.005.156a.944.944 0 0 0 .388.777l.098.065c.316.181.712.181 1.028 0a.97.97 0 0 0 .486-.886.95.95 0 0 0-.486-.842 1.037 1.037 0 0 0-1.028 0ZM21 12h-5v3.17a3.038 3.038 0 0 1 2.51.232 2.993 2.993 0 0 1 1.277 1.45l.058.155.058-.005.581-.002c.27 0 .516-.263.516-.618V12Zm-7.5-7h-10a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h.662a2.964 2.964 0 0 1 1.155-1.491l.172-.107a3.037 3.037 0 0 1 3.022 0A2.987 2.987 0 0 1 9.843 17H13.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Zm5.027 2H16v3h4.203l-1.224-2.677a.532.532 0 0 0-.375-.316L18.527 7Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22 18.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-3.5 3.5h-13A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 2 18.5V18a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 5.5 20h13a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 1.5-1.5V18a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.5Zm-3.293-7.793-6 6-.063.059-.093.069-.081.048-.105.049-.104.034-.056.013-.118.017L12 17l-.076-.003-.122-.017-.113-.03-.085-.032-.063-.03-.098-.058-.06-.043-.05-.043-6.04-6.037a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l4.294 4.29L11 3a1 1 0 0 1 2 0l.001 10.585 4.292-4.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-edit-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.149 2a2.38 2.38 0 0 1 1.699.711l2.446 2.46a2.384 2.384 0 0 1 .005 3.38L10.01 19.906a1 1 0 0 1-.434.257l-6.3 1.8a1 1 0 0 1-1.237-1.237l1.8-6.3a1 1 0 0 1 .257-.434L15.443 2.718A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 17.15 2Zm-3.874 5.689-7.586 7.536-1.234 4.319 4.318-1.234 7.54-7.582-3.038-3.039ZM17.149 4a.395.395 0 0 0-.286.126L14.695 6.28l3.029 3.029 2.162-2.173a.384.384 0 0 0 .106-.197L20 6.864c0-.103-.04-.2-.119-.278l-2.457-2.47A.385.385 0 0 0 17.149 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-education-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.41 2.088a1 1 0 0 0-.82 0l-10 4.5a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.824L3 9.047v7.124A3.001 3.001 0 0 0 4 22a3 3 0 0 0 1-5.83V9.948l1 .45V14.5a1 1 0 0 0 .087.408L7 14.5c-.913.408-.912.41-.912.41l.001.003.003.006.007.015a1.988 1.988 0 0 0 .083.16c.054.097.131.225.236.373.21.297.53.68.993 1.057C8.351 17.292 9.824 18 12 18c2.176 0 3.65-.707 4.589-1.476.463-.378.783-.76.993-1.057a4.162 4.162 0 0 0 .319-.533l.007-.015.003-.006v-.003h.002s0-.002-.913-.41l.913.408A1 1 0 0 0 18 14.5v-4.103l4.41-1.985a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.824l-10-4.5ZM16 11.297l-3.59 1.615a1 1 0 0 1-.82 0L8 11.297v2.94a3.388 3.388 0 0 0 .677.739C9.267 15.457 10.294 16 12 16s2.734-.543 3.323-1.024a3.388 3.388 0 0 0 .677-.739v-2.94ZM4.437 7.5 12 4.097 19.563 7.5 12 10.903 4.437 7.5ZM3 19a1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1-2 0Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-diamond-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625l.21-.008Zm0 2a.646.646 0 0 0-.38.123l-.093.08-8.34 8.34a.646.646 0 0 0-.18.355L3 12c0 .171.068.336.19.457l8.353 8.354a.646.646 0 0 0 .914 0l8.354-8.354a.646.646 0 0 0-.001-.914l-8.351-8.354A.646.646 0 0 0 12.002 3ZM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 17.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625l.21-.008ZM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-external-link-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 2a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H4.6c-.371 0-.6.209-.6.5v15c0 .291.229.5.6.5h14.8c.371 0 .6-.209.6-.5V15a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v4.5c0 1.438-1.162 2.5-2.6 2.5H4.6C3.162 22 2 20.938 2 19.5v-15C2 3.062 3.162 2 4.6 2H9Zm6 0h6l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.054.114.035.105.03.148L22 3v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V5.414l-6.693 6.693a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L18.584 4H15a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L14 3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-external-link-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5 1a1 1 0 1 1 0 2l-2-.001V13L13 13v-2a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v2c0 1.15-.93 2-2.067 2H3.067C1.93 15 1 14.15 1 13V3c0-1.15.93-2 2.067-2H5Zm4 0h5l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08.044.047.073.093.051.083.054.113.035.105.03.148L15 2v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.414L9.107 8.307a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.584 3H9a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L8 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3ZM12 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6.585l2.293-2.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-4 4a1.008 1.008 0 0 1-.112.097l-.11.071-.114.054-.105.035-.149.03L12 18l-.075-.003-.126-.017-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08-4-4a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414L11 14.585V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742H5.545c-.674 0-1.32-.267-1.798-.742A2.535 2.535 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .142.057.278.158.379.102.102.242.159.387.159h12.91a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.915L14.085 3ZM16 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm-4.793-6.207L13 9.585l1.793-1.792a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-2.5 2.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0L10.5 9.915l-1.793 1.792a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l2.5-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-text-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3ZM16 15a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm0-4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm-5-4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-upload-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3Zm-2.233 4.011.058-.007L12 7l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.104.074.082.073 4 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 1-1.32-.083L13 10.415V17a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6.585l-2.293 2.292a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l4-4 .112-.097.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-filter-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 2a1 1 0 0 1 .82 1.573L15 13.314V18a1 1 0 0 1-.31.724l-.09.076-4 3A1 1 0 0 1 9 21v-7.684L2.18 3.573a1 1 0 0 1 .707-1.567L3 2h18Zm-1.921 2H4.92l5.9 8.427a1 1 0 0 1 .172.45L11 13v6l2-1.5V13a1 1 0 0 1 .117-.469l.064-.104L19.079 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-funding-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8A7 7 0 1 0 9 8a7 7 0 0 0 14 0ZM9.006 12.225A4.07 4.07 0 0 0 6.12 11.02H2a.979.979 0 1 0 0 1.958h4.12c.558 0 1.094.222 1.489.617l2.207 2.288c.27.27.27.687.012.944a.656.656 0 0 1-.928 0L7.744 15.67a.98.98 0 0 0-1.386 1.384l1.157 1.158c.535.536 1.244.791 1.946.765l.041.002h6.922c.874 0 1.597.748 1.597 1.688 0 .203-.146.354-.309.354H7.755c-.487 0-.96-.178-1.339-.504L2.64 17.259a.979.979 0 0 0-1.28 1.482L5.137 22c.733.631 1.66.979 2.618.979h9.957c1.26 0 2.267-1.043 2.267-2.312 0-2.006-1.584-3.646-3.555-3.646h-4.529a2.617 2.617 0 0 0-.681-2.509l-2.208-2.287ZM16 3a5 5 0 1 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0-10Zm.979 3.5a.979.979 0 1 0-1.958 0v3a.979.979 0 1 0 1.958 0v-3Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-hashtag-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18ZM9.52 18.189a1 1 0 1 1-1.964-.378l.437-2.274H6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2.378l.592-3.076H6a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h3.354l.51-2.65a1 1 0 1 1 1.964.378l-.437 2.272h3.04l.51-2.65a1 1 0 1 1 1.964.378l-.438 2.272H18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-1.917l-.592 3.076H18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-2.893l-.51 2.652a1 1 0 1 1-1.964-.378l.437-2.274h-3.04l-.51 2.652Zm.895-4.652h3.04l.591-3.076h-3.04l-.591 3.076Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-home-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M5 22a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-8.586l-1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l10-10a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0l10 10a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L20 12.415V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5Zm7-17.585-6 5.999V20h5v-4a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v4h5v-9.585l-6-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-image-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.615 2A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 22 4.385v15.23A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 19.615 22H4.385A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 2 19.615V4.385A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 4.385 2h15.23Zm0 2H4.385A.385.385 0 0 0 4 4.385v15.23c0 .213.172.385.385.385h1.244l10.228-8.76a1 1 0 0 1 1.254-.037L20 13.392V4.385A.385.385 0 0 0 19.615 4Zm-3.07 9.283L8.703 20h10.912a.385.385 0 0 0 .385-.385v-3.713l-3.455-2.619ZM9.5 6a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7Zm0 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-impact-factor-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.49 2.672c.74.694.986 1.765.632 2.712l-.04.1-1.549 3.54h1.477a2.496 2.496 0 0 1 2.485 2.34l.005.163c0 .618-.23 1.21-.642 1.675l-7.147 7.961a2.48 2.48 0 0 1-3.554.165 2.512 2.512 0 0 1-.633-2.712l.042-.103L9.108 15H7.46c-1.393 0-2.379-1.11-2.455-2.369L5 12.473c0-.593.142-1.145.628-1.692l7.307-7.944a2.48 2.48 0 0 1 3.555-.165ZM14.43 4.164l-7.33 7.97c-.083.093-.101.214-.101.34 0 .277.19.526.46.526h4.163l.097-.009c.015 0 .03.003.046.009.181.078.264.32.186.5l-2.554 5.817a.512.512 0 0 0 .127.552.48.48 0 0 0 .69-.033l7.155-7.97a.513.513 0 0 0 .13-.34.497.497 0 0 0-.49-.502h-3.988a.355.355 0 0 1-.328-.497l2.555-5.844a.512.512 0 0 0-.127-.552.48.48 0 0 0-.69.033Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm0 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5h1.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-5a1 1 0 0 1 0-2H11v-4h-.5a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L9.5 11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1H12Zm0-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 8.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 9h-1.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 1l.007.117A1 1 0 0 0 10.5 12h.5v4H9.5a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h5a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H13v-5a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Zm0-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 5.5Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-journal-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.5 1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 21 3.5v14a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-13a.5.5 0 1 0 0 1H20a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H5.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3 20.5v-17A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5.5 1h13ZM7 3H5.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v14.549l.016-.002c.104-.02.211-.035.32-.042L5.5 18H7V3Zm11.5 0H9v15h9.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM16 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v4a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5Zm-1 2h-3v2h3V7Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.462 3C21.875 3 23 4.184 23 5.619v12.762C23 19.816 21.875 21 20.462 21H3.538C2.125 21 1 19.816 1 18.381V5.619C1 4.184 2.125 3 3.538 3h16.924ZM21 8.158l-7.378 6.258a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-3.253-.008L3 8.16v10.222c0 .353.253.619.538.619h16.924c.285 0 .538-.266.538-.619V8.158ZM20.462 5H3.538c-.264 0-.5.228-.534.542l8.65 7.334c.2.165.492.165.684.007l8.656-7.342-.001-.025c-.044-.3-.274-.516-.531-.516Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-send-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.444 5a2.562 2.562 0 0 1 2.548 2.37l.007.078.001.123v7.858A2.564 2.564 0 0 1 20.444 18H9.556A2.564 2.564 0 0 1 7 15.429l.001-7.977.007-.082A2.561 2.561 0 0 1 9.556 5h10.888ZM21 9.331l-5.46 3.51a1 1 0 0 1-1.08 0L9 9.332v6.097c0 .317.251.571.556.571h10.888a.564.564 0 0 0 .556-.571V9.33ZM20.444 7H9.556a.543.543 0 0 0-.32.105l5.763 3.706 5.766-3.706a.543.543 0 0 0-.32-.105ZM4.308 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2.308Zm0 5.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h2.308Zm0 5.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h2.308Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mentions-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m9.452 1.293 5.92 5.92 2.92-2.92a1 1 0 0 1 1.415 1.414l-2.92 2.92 5.92 5.92a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415 10.371 10.371 0 0 1-10.378 2.584l.652 3.258A1 1 0 0 1 12 23H2a1 1 0 0 1-.874-1.486l4.789-8.62C4.194 9.074 4.9 4.43 8.038 1.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Zm-2.355 13.59L3.699 21h7.081l-.689-3.442a10.392 10.392 0 0 1-2.775-2.396l-.22-.28Zm1.69-11.427-.07.09a8.374 8.374 0 0 0 11.737 11.737l.089-.071L8.787 3.456Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-menu-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h18Zm-4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h14Zm4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h18Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-metrics-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 22a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7h4V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-.883.993L21 22H3Zm17-2V9h-4v11h4Zm-6-8h-4v8h4v-8ZM8 4H4v16h4V4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-news-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.384 3c.975 0 1.77.787 1.77 1.762v13.333c0 .462.354.846.815.899l.107.006.109-.006a.915.915 0 0 0 .809-.794l.006-.105V8.19a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v9.905A2.914 2.914 0 0 1 20.077 21H3.538a2.547 2.547 0 0 1-1.644-.601l-.147-.135A2.516 2.516 0 0 1 1 18.476V4.762C1 3.787 1.794 3 2.77 3h14.614Zm-.231 2H3v13.476c0 .11.035.216.1.304l.054.063c.101.1.24.157.384.157l13.761-.001-.026-.078a2.88 2.88 0 0 1-.115-.655l-.004-.17L17.153 5ZM14 15.021a.979.979 0 1 1 0 1.958H6a.979.979 0 1 1 0-1.958h8Zm0-8c.54 0 .979.438.979.979v4c0 .54-.438.979-.979.979H6A.979.979 0 0 1 5.021 12V8c0-.54.438-.979.979-.979h8Zm-.98 1.958H6.979v2.041h6.041V8.979Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-newsletter-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v9.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2 20.5V11a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.439l8 4.888 8-4.889V11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-1 3.783-7.479 4.57a1 1 0 0 1-1.042 0l-7.48-4.57V20.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .501.5h15a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.717ZM15 9a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6Zm2.5-8A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 20 3.5V9a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V9a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h11ZM15 5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-notifcation-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14 20a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4ZM3 18l-.133-.007c-1.156-.124-1.156-1.862 0-1.986l.3-.012C4.32 15.923 5 15.107 5 14V9.5C5 5.368 8.014 2 12 2s7 3.368 7 7.5V14c0 1.107.68 1.923 1.832 1.995l.301.012c1.156.124 1.156 1.862 0 1.986L21 18H3Zm9-14C9.17 4 7 6.426 7 9.5V14c0 .671-.146 1.303-.416 1.858L6.51 16h10.979l-.073-.142a4.192 4.192 0 0 1-.412-1.658L17 14V9.5C17 6.426 14.83 4 12 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-publish-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M16.296 1.291A1 1 0 0 0 15.591 1H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538V13a1 1 0 1 0 2 0V3.538l.007-.087A.543.543 0 0 1 5.545 3h9.633L20 7.8v12.662a.534.534 0 0 1-.158.379.548.548 0 0 1-.387.159H11a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h8.455c.674 0 1.32-.267 1.798-.742A2.534 2.534 0 0 0 22 20.462V7.385a1 1 0 0 0-.294-.709l-5.41-5.385Z"/><path d="M10.762 16.647a1 1 0 0 0-1.525-1.294l-4.472 5.271-2.153-1.665a1 1 0 1 0-1.224 1.582l2.91 2.25a1 1 0 0 0 1.374-.144l5.09-6ZM16 10a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h8ZM12 7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H8a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h3a1 1 0 0 0 1-1Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-refresh-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7.831 5.636H6.032A8.76 8.76 0 0 1 9 3.631 8.549 8.549 0 0 1 12.232 3c.603 0 1.192.063 1.76.182C17.979 4.017 21 7.632 21 12a1 1 0 1 0 2 0c0-5.296-3.674-9.746-8.591-10.776A10.61 10.61 0 0 0 5 3.851V2.805a1 1 0 0 0-.987-1H4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3.831a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3.831a1 1 0 0 0 .013-2h-.013ZM17.968 18.364c-1.59 1.632-3.784 2.636-6.2 2.636C6.948 21 3 16.993 3 12a1 1 0 1 0-2 0c0 6.053 4.799 11 10.768 11 2.788 0 5.324-1.082 7.232-2.85v1.045a1 1 0 1 0 2 0v-3.831a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-3.831a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h1.799Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-search-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 1c5.523 0 10 4.477 10 10 0 2.4-.846 4.604-2.256 6.328l3.963 3.965a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.965-3.963A9.959 9.959 0 0 1 11 21C5.477 21 1 16.523 1 11S5.477 1 11 1Zm0 2a8 8 0 1 0 0 16 8 8 0 0 0 0-16Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-settings-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.382 1h1.24a2.508 2.508 0 0 1 2.334 1.63l.523 1.378 1.59.933 1.444-.224c.954-.132 1.89.3 2.422 1.101l.095.155.598 1.066a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-.195 2.848l-.894 1.161v1.896l.92 1.163c.6.768.707 1.812.295 2.674l-.09.17-.606 1.08a2.504 2.504 0 0 1-2.531 1.25l-1.428-.223-1.589.932-.523 1.378a2.512 2.512 0 0 1-2.155 1.625L12.65 23h-1.27a2.508 2.508 0 0 1-2.334-1.63l-.524-1.379-1.59-.933-1.443.225c-.954.132-1.89-.3-2.422-1.101l-.095-.155-.598-1.066a2.56 2.56 0 0 1 .195-2.847l.891-1.161v-1.898l-.919-1.162a2.562 2.562 0 0 1-.295-2.674l.09-.17.606-1.08a2.504 2.504 0 0 1 2.531-1.25l1.43.223 1.618-.938.524-1.375.07-.167A2.507 2.507 0 0 1 11.382 1Zm.003 2a.509.509 0 0 0-.47.338l-.65 1.71a1 1 0 0 1-.434.51L7.6 6.85a1 1 0 0 1-.655.123l-1.762-.275a.497.497 0 0 0-.498.252l-.61 1.088a.562.562 0 0 0 .04.619l1.13 1.43a1 1 0 0 1 .216.62v2.585a1 1 0 0 1-.207.61L4.15 15.339a.568.568 0 0 0-.036.634l.601 1.072a.494.494 0 0 0 .484.26l1.78-.278a1 1 0 0 1 .66.126l2.2 1.292a1 1 0 0 1 .43.507l.648 1.71a.508.508 0 0 0 .467.338h1.263a.51.51 0 0 0 .47-.34l.65-1.708a1 1 0 0 1 .428-.507l2.201-1.292a1 1 0 0 1 .66-.126l1.763.275a.497.497 0 0 0 .498-.252l.61-1.088a.562.562 0 0 0-.04-.619l-1.13-1.43a1 1 0 0 1-.216-.62v-2.585a1 1 0 0 1 .207-.61l1.105-1.437a.568.568 0 0 0 .037-.634l-.601-1.072a.494.494 0 0 0-.484-.26l-1.78.278a1 1 0 0 1-.66-.126l-2.2-1.292a1 1 0 0 1-.43-.507l-.649-1.71A.508.508 0 0 0 12.62 3h-1.234ZM12 8a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm0 2a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-shipping-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.515 2c1.406 0 2.706.728 3.352 1.902l2.02 3.635.02.042.036.089.031.105.012.058.01.073.004.075v11.577c0 .64-.244 1.255-.683 1.713a2.356 2.356 0 0 1-1.701.731H4.386a2.356 2.356 0 0 1-1.702-.731 2.476 2.476 0 0 1-.683-1.713V7.948c.01-.217.083-.43.22-.6L4.2 3.905C4.833 2.755 6.089 2.032 7.486 2h9.029ZM20 9H4v10.556a.49.49 0 0 0 .075.26l.053.07a.356.356 0 0 0 .257.114h15.23c.094 0 .186-.04.258-.115a.477.477 0 0 0 .127-.33V9Zm-2 7.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4ZM16.514 4H13v3h6.3l-1.183-2.13c-.288-.522-.908-.87-1.603-.87ZM11 3.999H7.51c-.679.017-1.277.36-1.566.887L4.728 7H11V3.999Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-step-guide-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.394 9.447a1 1 0 1 0-1.788-.894l-.88 1.759-.019-.02a1 1 0 1 0-1.414 1.415l1 1a1 1 0 0 0 1.601-.26l1.5-3ZM12 11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1ZM12 17a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1ZM10.947 14.105a1 1 0 0 1 .447 1.342l-1.5 3a1 1 0 0 1-1.601.26l-1-1a1 1 0 1 1 1.414-1.414l.02.019.879-1.76a1 1 0 0 1 1.341-.447Z"/><path d="M5.545 1A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538v16.924A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 5.545 23h12.91A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 21 20.462V7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.293-.707l-5.5-5.5A1 1 0 0 0 14.5 1H5.545ZM5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3h8.54L19 7.914v12.547c0 .294-.24.539-.546.539H5.545A.542.542 0 0 1 5 20.462V3.538Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-submission-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3h9.633L20 7.8v12.662a.535.535 0 0 1-.158.379.549.549 0 0 1-.387.159H6a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-2.5a1 1 0 1 0-2 0V20a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h13.455c.673 0 1.32-.266 1.798-.742A2.535 2.535 0 0 0 22 20.462V7.385a1 1 0 0 0-.294-.709l-5.41-5.385A1 1 0 0 0 15.591 1H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538V7a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V3.538Z"/><path d="m13.707 13.707-4 4a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 .083-1.32L10.585 14 2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2l8.583.001-2.29-2.294a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l4.037 4.04.043.05.043.06.059.098.03.063.031.085.03.113.017.122L14 13l-.004.087-.017.118-.013.056-.034.104-.049.105-.048.081-.07.093-.058.063Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-table-1-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.385 22a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.14-.279C2.485 21.341 2 20.614 2 19.615V4.385c0-.315.067-.716.279-1.14C2.659 2.485 3.386 2 4.385 2h15.23c.315 0 .716.067 1.14.279.76.38 1.245 1.107 1.245 2.106v15.23c0 .315-.067.716-.279 1.14-.38.76-1.107 1.245-2.106 1.245H4.385ZM4 19.615c0 .213.034.265.14.317a.71.71 0 0 0 .245.068H8v-4H4v3.615ZM20 16H10v4h9.615c.213 0 .265-.034.317-.14a.71.71 0 0 0 .068-.245V16Zm0-2v-4H10v4h10ZM4 14h4v-4H4v4ZM19.615 4H10v4h10V4.385c0-.213-.034-.265-.14-.317A.71.71 0 0 0 19.615 4ZM8 4H4.385l-.082.002c-.146.01-.19.047-.235.138A.71.71 0 0 0 4 4.385V8h4V4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-table-2-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.384 22A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 2 19.616V4.384A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 4.384 2h15.232A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 22 4.384v15.232A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 19.616 22H4.384ZM10 15H4v4.616c0 .212.172.384.384.384H10v-5Zm5 0h-3v5h3v-5Zm5 0h-3v5h2.616a.384.384 0 0 0 .384-.384V15ZM10 9H4v4h6V9Zm5 0h-3v4h3V9Zm5 0h-3v4h3V9Zm-.384-5H4.384A.384.384 0 0 0 4 4.384V7h16V4.384A.384.384 0 0 0 19.616 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-tag-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.621 1.998.127.004L20.496 2a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.497 1.355L22 3.5l-.005 7.669c.038.456-.133.905-.447 1.206l-9.02 9.018a2.075 2.075 0 0 1-2.932 0l-6.99-6.99a2.075 2.075 0 0 1 .001-2.933L11.61 2.47c.246-.258.573-.418.881-.46l.131-.011Zm.286 2-8.885 8.886a.075.075 0 0 0 0 .106l6.987 6.988c.03.03.077.03.106 0l8.883-8.883L19.999 4l-7.092-.002ZM16 6.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L16 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-trash-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c2.717 0 4.913 2.232 4.997 5H21a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-1v12.5c0 1.389-1.152 2.5-2.556 2.5H6.556C5.152 23 4 21.889 4 20.5V8H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h4.003l.001-.051C7.114 3.205 9.3 1 12 1Zm6 7H6v12.5c0 .238.19.448.454.492l.102.008h10.888c.315 0 .556-.232.556-.5V8Zm-4 3a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6.005a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V12a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-4 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm2-8c-1.595 0-2.914 1.32-2.996 3h5.991v-.02C14.903 4.31 13.589 3 12 3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-account-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 16c-1.806 0-3.52.994-4.664 2.698A8.947 8.947 0 0 0 12 21a8.958 8.958 0 0 0 4.664-1.301C15.52 17.994 13.806 17 12 17Zm0-14a9 9 0 0 0-6.25 15.476C7.253 16.304 9.54 15 12 15s4.747 1.304 6.25 3.475A9 9 0 0 0 12 3Zm0 3a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm0 2a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-add-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm9 10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3h3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-3h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h3v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5.545-.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-assign-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.226 13.298a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-.01l.084.093a1 1 0 0 1-.073 1.32L15.39 17H22a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-6.611l2.262 2.298a1 1 0 0 1-1.425 1.404l-3.939-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.404l3.94-4Zm-3.771-.449a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.781 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 10.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-block-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm9 10a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10Zm-5.545-.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM15 18a3 3 0 0 0 4.294 2.707l-4.001-4c-.188.391-.293.83-.293 1.293Zm3-3c-.463 0-.902.105-1.294.293l4.001 4A3 3 0 0 0 18 15Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-check-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm13.647 12.237a1 1 0 0 1 .116 1.41l-5.091 6a1 1 0 0 1-1.375.144l-2.909-2.25a1 1 0 1 1 1.224-1.582l2.153 1.665 4.472-5.271a1 1 0 0 1 1.41-.116Zm-8.139-.977c.22.214.428.44.622.678a1 1 0 1 1-1.548 1.266 6.025 6.025 0 0 0-1.795-1.49.86.86 0 0 1-.163-.048l-.079-.036a5.721 5.721 0 0 0-2.62-.63l-.194.006c-2.76.134-5.022 2.177-5.592 4.864l-.035.175-.035.213c-.03.201-.05.405-.06.61L3.003 20 10 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876l.005-.223.02-.356.02-.222.03-.248.022-.15c.02-.133.044-.265.071-.397.44-2.178 1.725-4.105 3.595-5.301a7.75 7.75 0 0 1 3.755-1.215l.12-.004a7.908 7.908 0 0 1 5.87 2.252Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-delete-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6ZM4.763 13.227a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378 1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.781 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20H11.5a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897Zm11.421 1.543 2.554 2.553 2.555-2.553a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-2.554 2.554 2.554 2.555a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-2.555-2.554-2.554 2.554a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414l2.553-2.555-2.553-2.554a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-edit-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.876 10.77 2.831 2.83a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415l-7.246 7.246a1 1 0 0 1-.572.284l-3.277.446a1 1 0 0 1-1.125-1.13l.461-3.277a1 1 0 0 1 .283-.567l7.23-7.246a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.001Zm-7.421 2.08a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 7.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L8.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378Zm6.715.042-6.29 6.3-.23 1.639 1.633-.222 6.302-6.302-1.415-1.415ZM9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-linked-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.65 6c.31 0 .706.066 1.122.274C17.522 6.65 18 7.366 18 8.35v12.3c0 .31-.066.706-.274 1.122-.375.75-1.092 1.228-2.076 1.228H3.35a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-1.122-.274C1.478 22.35 1 21.634 1 20.65V8.35c0-.31.066-.706.274-1.122C1.65 6.478 2.366 6 3.35 6h12.3Zm0 2-12.376.002c-.134.007-.17.04-.21.12A.672.672 0 0 0 3 8.35v12.3c0 .198.028.24.122.287.09.044.2.063.228.063h.887c.788-2.269 2.814-3.5 5.263-3.5 2.45 0 4.475 1.231 5.263 3.5h.887c.198 0 .24-.028.287-.122.044-.09.063-.2.063-.228V8.35c0-.198-.028-.24-.122-.287A.672.672 0 0 0 15.65 8ZM9.5 19.5c-1.36 0-2.447.51-3.06 1.5h6.12c-.613-.99-1.7-1.5-3.06-1.5ZM20.65 1A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 23 3.348V15.65A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 20.65 18H20a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h.65a.35.35 0 0 0 .35-.35V3.348A.35.35 0 0 0 20.65 3H8.35a.35.35 0 0 0-.35.348V4a1 1 0 1 1-2 0v-.652A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 8.35 1h12.3ZM9.5 10a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7Zm0 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-multiple-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm6 0a5 5 0 0 1 0 10 1 1 0 0 1-.117-1.993L15 9a3 3 0 0 0 0-6 1 1 0 0 1 0-2ZM9 3a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm8.857 9.545a7.99 7.99 0 0 1 2.651 1.715A8.31 8.31 0 0 1 23 20.134V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h1.995l-.005-.153a6.307 6.307 0 0 0-1.673-3.945l-.204-.209a5.99 5.99 0 0 0-1.988-1.287 1 1 0 1 1 .732-1.861Zm-3.349 1.715A8.31 8.31 0 0 1 17 20.134V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.877c.044-4.343 3.387-7.908 7.638-8.115a7.908 7.908 0 0 1 5.87 2.252ZM9.016 14l-.285.006c-3.104.15-5.58 2.718-5.725 5.9L3.004 20h11.991l-.005-.153a6.307 6.307 0 0 0-1.673-3.945l-.204-.209A5.924 5.924 0 0 0 9.3 14.008L9.016 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-notify-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm10 18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-1h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2v-2.818C14 13.885 15.777 12 18 12s4 1.885 4 4.182V19a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-3Zm-6.545-8.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM18 14c-1.091 0-2 .964-2 2.182V19h4v-2.818c0-1.165-.832-2.098-1.859-2.177L18 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-remove-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm3.455 9.85a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM22 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-single-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm-.406 9.008a8.965 8.965 0 0 1 6.596 2.494A9.161 9.161 0 0 1 21 21.025V22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H4a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.985c.05-4.825 3.815-8.777 8.594-9.007Zm.39 1.992-.299.006c-3.63.175-6.518 3.127-6.678 6.775L5 21h13.998l-.009-.268a7.157 7.157 0 0 0-1.97-4.573l-.214-.213A6.967 6.967 0 0 0 11.984 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm0 11.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 17.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 13.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.7194 3.3054C15.3358 2.90809 14.7027 2.89699 14.3054 3.28061L6.54342 10.7757C6.19804 11.09 6 11.5335 6 12C6 12.4665 6.19804 12.91 6.5218 13.204L14.3054 20.7194C14.7027 21.103 15.3358 21.0919 15.7194 20.6946C16.103 20.2973 16.0919 19.6642 15.6946 19.2806L8.155 12L15.6946 4.71939C16.0614 4.36528 16.099 3.79863 15.8009 3.40105L15.7194 3.3054Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28061 3.3054C8.66423 2.90809 9.29729 2.89699 9.6946 3.28061L17.4566 10.7757C17.802 11.09 18 11.5335 18 12C18 12.4665 17.802 12.91 17.4782 13.204L9.6946 20.7194C9.29729 21.103 8.66423 21.0919 8.28061 20.6946C7.89699 20.2973 7.90809 19.6642 8.3054 19.2806L15.845 12L8.3054 4.71939C7.93865 4.36528 7.90098 3.79863 8.19908 3.40105L8.28061 3.3054Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-alerts" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28 12.667c.736 0 1.333.597 1.333 1.333v13.333A3.333 3.333 0 0 1 26 30.667H6a3.333 3.333 0 0 1-3.333-3.334V14a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 2.666 0v1.252L16 21.769l10.667-6.518V14c0-.736.597-1.333 1.333-1.333Zm-1.333 5.71-9.972 6.094c-.427.26-.963.26-1.39 0l-9.972-6.094v8.956c0 .368.299.667.667.667h20a.667.667 0 0 0 .667-.667v-8.956ZM19.333 12a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0 2.667h-6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0-2.667h6.666Zm4-10.667a3.333 3.333 0 0 1 3.334 3.334v6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1-2.667 0V4.667A.667.667 0 0 0 23.333 4H8.667A.667.667 0 0 0 8 4.667v6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1-2.667 0V4.667a3.333 3.333 0 0 1 3.334-3.334h14.666Zm-4 5.334a1.333 1.333 0 0 1 0 2.666h-6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0-2.666h6.666Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m13.002 7.408 4.88 4.88a.99.99 0 0 0 1.32.08l.09-.08c.39-.39.39-1.03 0-1.42l-6.58-6.58a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-1.42 0l-6.58 6.58a1 1 0 0 0-.09 1.32l.08.1a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.01l4.88-4.87v11.59a.99.99 0 0 0 .88.99l.12.01c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V7.408z" class="layer"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-checklist" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M19.2 1.333a3.468 3.468 0 0 1 3.381 2.699L24.667 4C26.515 4 28 5.52 28 7.38v19.906c0 1.86-1.485 3.38-3.333 3.38H7.333c-1.848 0-3.333-1.52-3.333-3.38V7.38C4 5.52 5.485 4 7.333 4h2.093A3.468 3.468 0 0 1 12.8 1.333h6.4ZM9.426 6.667H7.333c-.36 0-.666.312-.666.713v19.906c0 .401.305.714.666.714h17.334c.36 0 .666-.313.666-.714V7.38c0-.4-.305-.713-.646-.714l-2.121.033A3.468 3.468 0 0 1 19.2 9.333h-6.4a3.468 3.468 0 0 1-3.374-2.666Zm12.715 5.606c.586.446.7 1.283.253 1.868l-7.111 9.334a1.333 1.333 0 0 1-1.792.306l-3.556-2.333a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 1.463-2.23l2.517 1.651 6.358-8.344a1.333 1.333 0 0 1 1.868-.252ZM19.2 4h-6.4a.8.8 0 0 0-.8.8v1.067a.8.8 0 0 0 .8.8h6.4a.8.8 0 0 0 .8-.8V4.8a.8.8 0 0 0-.8-.8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-citation" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="M23.25 1.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.06.44l8.25 8.25a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .44 1.06v19.5c0 2.105-1.645 3.75-3.75 3.75H18a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3h11.25c.448 0 .75-.302.75-.75V11.873L22.628 4.5H8.31a.811.811 0 0 0-.8.68l-.011.13V16.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-3 0V5.31A3.81 3.81 0 0 1 8.31 1.5h14.94ZM8.223 20.358a.984.984 0 0 1-.192 1.378l-.048.034c-.54.36-.942.676-1.206.951-.59.614-.885 1.395-.885 2.343.115-.028.288-.042.518-.042.662 0 1.26.237 1.791.711.533.474.799 1.074.799 1.799 0 .753-.259 1.352-.777 1.799-.518.446-1.151.669-1.9.669-1.006 0-1.812-.293-2.417-.878C3.302 28.536 3 27.657 3 26.486c0-1.115.165-2.085.496-2.907.331-.823.734-1.513 1.209-2.071.475-.558.971-.997 1.49-1.318a6.01 6.01 0 0 1 .347-.2 1.321 1.321 0 0 1 1.681.368Zm7.5 0a.984.984 0 0 1-.192 1.378l-.048.034c-.54.36-.942.676-1.206.951-.59.614-.885 1.395-.885 2.343.115-.028.288-.042.518-.042.662 0 1.26.237 1.791.711.533.474.799 1.074.799 1.799 0 .753-.259 1.352-.777 1.799-.518.446-1.151.669-1.9.669-1.006 0-1.812-.293-2.417-.878-.604-.586-.906-1.465-.906-2.636 0-1.115.165-2.085.496-2.907.331-.823.734-1.513 1.209-2.071.475-.558.971-.997 1.49-1.318a6.01 6.01 0 0 1 .347-.2 1.321 1.321 0 0 1 1.681.368Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-access-indicator" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><circle cx="4.5" cy="11.5" r="3.5" style="fill:currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V2.923C2 1.875 2.84 1 3.909 1h5.909a1 1 0 0 1 .713.298l3.181 3.231a1 1 0 0 1 .288.702v7.846c0 .505-.197.993-.554 1.354a1.902 1.902 0 0 1-1.355.569H10a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2V5.64L9.4 3H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd" style="fill:#222"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-github-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M 11.964844 0 C 5.347656 0 0 5.269531 0 11.792969 C 0 17.003906 3.425781 21.417969 8.179688 22.976562 C 8.773438 23.09375 8.992188 22.722656 8.992188 22.410156 C 8.992188 22.136719 8.972656 21.203125 8.972656 20.226562 C 5.644531 20.929688 4.953125 18.820312 4.953125 18.820312 C 4.417969 17.453125 3.625 17.101562 3.625 17.101562 C 2.535156 16.378906 3.703125 16.378906 3.703125 16.378906 C 4.914062 16.457031 5.546875 17.589844 5.546875 17.589844 C 6.617188 19.386719 8.339844 18.878906 9.03125 18.566406 C 9.132812 17.804688 9.449219 17.277344 9.785156 16.984375 C 7.132812 16.710938 4.339844 15.695312 4.339844 11.167969 C 4.339844 9.878906 4.8125 8.824219 5.566406 8.003906 C 5.445312 7.710938 5.03125 6.5 5.683594 4.878906 C 5.683594 4.878906 6.695312 4.566406 8.972656 6.089844 C 9.949219 5.832031 10.953125 5.703125 11.964844 5.699219 C 12.972656 5.699219 14.003906 5.835938 14.957031 6.089844 C 17.234375 4.566406 18.242188 4.878906 18.242188 4.878906 C 18.898438 6.5 18.480469 7.710938 18.363281 8.003906 C 19.136719 8.824219 19.589844 9.878906 19.589844 11.167969 C 19.589844 15.695312 16.796875 16.691406 14.125 16.984375 C 14.558594 17.355469 14.933594 18.058594 14.933594 19.171875 C 14.933594 20.753906 14.914062 22.019531 14.914062 22.410156 C 14.914062 22.722656 15.132812 23.09375 15.726562 22.976562 C 20.480469 21.414062 23.910156 17.003906 23.910156 11.792969 C 23.929688 5.269531 18.558594 0 11.964844 0 Z M 11.964844 0 "/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-limited-access" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V2.923C2 1.875 2.84 1 3.909 1h5.909a1 1 0 0 1 .713.298l3.181 3.231a1 1 0 0 1 .288.702V6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0v-.36L9.4 3H4ZM3 8a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm10 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-3.5 6a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-1a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h1a1 1 0 0 1 1 1Zm2.441-1a1 1 0 0 1 2 0c0 .73-.246 1.306-.706 1.664a1.61 1.61 0 0 1-.876.334l-.032.002H11.5a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h.441ZM4 13a1 1 0 0 0-2 0c0 .73.247 1.306.706 1.664a1.609 1.609 0 0 0 .876.334l.032.002H4.5a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-subjects-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g id="icon-subjects-copy" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M13.3846154,2 C14.7015971,2 15.7692308,3.06762994 15.7692308,4.38461538 L15.7692308,7.15384615 C15.7692308,8.47082629 14.7015955,9.53846154 13.3846154,9.53846154 L13.1038388,9.53925278 C13.2061091,9.85347965 13.3815528,10.1423885 13.6195822,10.3804178 C13.9722182,10.7330539 14.436524,10.9483278 14.9293854,10.9918129 L15.1153846,11 C16.2068332,11 17.2535347,11.433562 18.0254647,12.2054189 C18.6411944,12.8212361 19.0416785,13.6120766 19.1784166,14.4609738 L19.6153846,14.4615385 C20.932386,14.4615385 22,15.5291672 22,16.8461538 L22,19.6153846 C22,20.9323924 20.9323924,22 19.6153846,22 L16.8461538,22 C15.5291672,22 14.4615385,20.932386 14.4615385,19.6153846 L14.4615385,16.8461538 C14.4615385,15.5291737 15.5291737,14.4615385 16.8461538,14.4615385 L17.126925,14.460779 C17.0246537,14.1465537 16.8492179,13.857633 16.6112344,13.6196157 C16.2144418,13.2228606 15.6764136,13 15.1153846,13 C14.0239122,13 12.9771569,12.5664197 12.2053686,11.7946314 C12.1335167,11.7227795 12.0645962,11.6485444 11.9986839,11.5721119 C11.9354038,11.6485444 11.8664833,11.7227795 11.7946314,11.7946314 C11.0228431,12.5664197 9.97608778,13 8.88461538,13 C8.323576,13 7.78552852,13.2228666 7.38881294,13.6195822 C7.15078359,13.8576115 6.97533988,14.1465203 6.8730696,14.4607472 L7.15384615,14.4615385 C8.47082629,14.4615385 9.53846154,15.5291737 9.53846154,16.8461538 L9.53846154,19.6153846 C9.53846154,20.932386 8.47083276,22 7.15384615,22 L4.38461538,22 C3.06762347,22 2,20.9323876 2,19.6153846 L2,16.8461538 C2,15.5291721 3.06762994,14.4615385 4.38461538,14.4615385 L4.8215823,14.4609378 C4.95831893,13.6120029 5.3588057,12.8211623 5.97459937,12.2053686 C6.69125996,11.488708 7.64500941,11.0636656 8.6514968,11.0066017 L8.88461538,11 C9.44565477,11 9.98370225,10.7771334 10.3804178,10.3804178 C10.6184472,10.1423885 10.7938909,9.85347965 10.8961612,9.53925278 L10.6153846,9.53846154 C9.29840448,9.53846154 8.23076923,8.47082629 8.23076923,7.15384615 L8.23076923,4.38461538 C8.23076923,3.06762994 9.29840286,2 10.6153846,2 L13.3846154,2 Z M7.15384615,16.4615385 L4.38461538,16.4615385 C4.17220099,16.4615385 4,16.63374 4,16.8461538 L4,19.6153846 C4,19.8278134 4.17218833,20 4.38461538,20 L7.15384615,20 C7.36626945,20 7.53846154,19.8278103 7.53846154,19.6153846 L7.53846154,16.8461538 C7.53846154,16.6337432 7.36625679,16.4615385 7.15384615,16.4615385 Z M19.6153846,16.4615385 L16.8461538,16.4615385 C16.6337432,16.4615385 16.4615385,16.6337432 16.4615385,16.8461538 L16.4615385,19.6153846 C16.4615385,19.8278103 16.6337306,20 16.8461538,20 L19.6153846,20 C19.8278229,20 20,19.8278229 20,19.6153846 L20,16.8461538 C20,16.6337306 19.8278103,16.4615385 19.6153846,16.4615385 Z M13.3846154,4 L10.6153846,4 C10.4029708,4 10.2307692,4.17220099 10.2307692,4.38461538 L10.2307692,7.15384615 C10.2307692,7.36625679 10.402974,7.53846154 10.6153846,7.53846154 L13.3846154,7.53846154 C13.597026,7.53846154 13.7692308,7.36625679 13.7692308,7.15384615 L13.7692308,4.38461538 C13.7692308,4.17220099 13.5970292,4 13.3846154,4 Z" id="Shape" fill-rule="nonzero"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-small-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 16 17"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14 8.092H2m0 0L8 2M2 8.092l6 6.035"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-small-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><g fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2"><path d="M2 8.092h12M8 2l6 6.092M8 14.127l6-6.035"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-orcid-logo" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.281 10.453c.875 0 1.578-.719 1.578-1.578 0-.86-.703-1.578-1.578-1.578-.875 0-1.578.703-1.578 1.578 0 .86.703 1.578 1.578 1.578Zm-1.203 18.641h2.406V12.359h-2.406v16.735Z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M17.016 12.36h6.5c6.187 0 8.906 4.421 8.906 8.374 0 4.297-3.36 8.375-8.875 8.375h-6.531V12.36Zm6.234 14.578h-3.828V14.53h3.703c4.688 0 6.828 2.844 6.828 6.203 0 2.063-1.25 6.203-6.703 6.203Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol></svg> </div> <a class="c-skip-link" href="#main">Skip to main content</a> <div class="u-lazy-ad-wrapper u-mbs-0"> <div class="c-ad c-ad--728x90 c-ad--conditional" data-test="springer-doubleclick-ad"> <div class="c-ad c-ad__inner" > <p class="c-ad__label">Advertisement</p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-LB1" class="div-gpt-ad grade-c-hide" data-gpt data-gpt-unitpath="/270604982/springerlink/11270/article" data-gpt-sizes="728x90" data-gpt-targeting="pos=top;articleid=s11270-024-07456-z;" data-ad-type="top" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"> <noscript> <a href="//pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/270604982/springerlink/11270/article&sz=728x90&pos=top&articleid=s11270-024-07456-z"> <img data-test="gpt-advert-fallback-img" src="//pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/270604982/springerlink/11270/article&sz=728x90&pos=top&articleid=s11270-024-07456-z" alt="Advertisement" width="728" height="90"> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header class="eds-c-header" data-eds-c-header> <div class="eds-c-header__container" data-eds-c-header-expander-anchor> <div class="eds-c-header__brand"> <a href="https://link.springer.com" data-test=springerlink-logo data-track="click_imprint_logo" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click logo link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > <img src="/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-3149409f62.svg" alt="Springer Nature Link"> </a> </div> <a class="c-header__link eds-c-header__link" id="identity-account-widget" href='https://idp.springer.com/auth/personal/springernature?redirect_uri=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z?'><span class="eds-c-header__widget-fragment-title">Log in</span></a> </div> <nav class="eds-c-header__nav" aria-label="header navigation"> <div class="eds-c-header__nav-container"> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--menu"> <a href="#eds-c-header-nav" class="eds-c-header__link" data-eds-c-header-expander> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-menu-medium"></use> </svg><span>Menu</span> </a> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--inline-links"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/" data-track="nav_find_a_journal" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click find a journal" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Find a journal </a> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_how_to_publish" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click publish with us link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Publish with us </a> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springernature.com/home/" data-track="nav_track_your_research" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click track your research" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Track your research </a> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__link-container"> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--divider"> <a href="#eds-c-header-popup-search" class="eds-c-header__link" data-eds-c-header-expander data-eds-c-header-test-search-btn> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-search-medium"></use> </svg><span>Search</span> </a> </div> <div id="ecommerce-header-cart-icon-link" class="eds-c-header__item ecommerce-cart" style="display:inline-block"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" style="appearance:none;border:none;background:none;color:inherit;position:relative"> <svg id="eds-i-cart" class="eds-c-header__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" width="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M2 1a1 1 0 0 0 0 2l1.659.001 2.257 12.808a2.599 2.599 0 0 0 2.435 2.185l.167.004 9.976-.001a2.613 2.613 0 0 0 2.61-1.748l.03-.106 1.755-7.82.032-.107a2.546 2.546 0 0 0-.311-1.986l-.108-.157a2.604 2.604 0 0 0-2.197-1.076L6.042 5l-.56-3.17a1 1 0 0 0-.864-.82l-.12-.007L2.001 1ZM20.35 6.996a.63.63 0 0 1 .54.26.55.55 0 0 1 .082.505l-.028.1L19.2 15.63l-.022.05c-.094.177-.282.299-.526.317l-10.145.002a.61.61 0 0 1-.618-.515L6.394 6.999l13.955-.003ZM18 19a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4ZM8 19a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"></path> </svg><span>Cart</span><span class="cart-info" style="display:none;position:absolute;top:10px;right:45px;background-color:#C65301;color:#fff;width:18px;height:18px;font-size:11px;border-radius:50%;line-height:17.5px;text-align:center"></span></a> <script>(function () { var exports = {}; if (window.fetch) { "use strict"; Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true }); exports.headerWidgetClientInit = void 0; var headerWidgetClientInit = function (getCartInfo) { document.body.addEventListener("updatedCart", function () { updateCartIcon(); }, false); return updateCartIcon(); function updateCartIcon() { return getCartInfo() .then(function (res) { return res.json(); }) .then(refreshCartState) .catch(function (_) { }); } function refreshCartState(json) { var indicator = document.querySelector("#ecommerce-header-cart-icon-link .cart-info"); /* istanbul ignore else */ if (indicator && json.itemCount) { indicator.style.display = 'block'; indicator.textContent = json.itemCount > 9 ? '9+' : json.itemCount.toString(); var moreThanOneItem = json.itemCount > 1; indicator.setAttribute('title', "there ".concat(moreThanOneItem ? "are" : "is", " ").concat(json.itemCount, " item").concat(moreThanOneItem ? "s" : "", " in your cart")); } return json; } }; exports.headerWidgetClientInit = headerWidgetClientInit; headerWidgetClientInit( function () { return window.fetch("https://cart.springer.com/cart-info", { credentials: "include", headers: { Accept: "application/json" } }) } ) }})()</script> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <article lang="en" id="main" class="app-masthead__colour-19"> <section class="app-masthead " aria-label="article masthead"> <div class="app-masthead__container"> <div class="app-article-masthead u-sans-serif js-context-bar-sticky-point-masthead" data-track-component="article" data-test="masthead-component"> <div class="app-article-masthead__info"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" data-test="breadcrumbs"> <ol class="c-breadcrumbs c-breadcrumbs--contrast" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb0" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="/" class="c-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" data-track="click_breadcrumb" data-track-context="article page" data-track-category="article" data-track-action="breadcrumbs" data-track-label="breadcrumb1"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"> <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10"> <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/> </svg> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb1" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="/journal/11270" class="c-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" data-track="click_breadcrumb" data-track-context="article page" data-track-category="article" data-track-action="breadcrumbs" data-track-label="breadcrumb2"><span itemprop="name">Water, Air, & Soil Pollution</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"> <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10"> <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/> </svg> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb2" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemprop="name">Article</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </nav> <h1 class="c-article-title" data-test="article-title" data-article-title="">ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye</h1> <ul class="c-article-identifiers"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> Published: <time datetime="2024-09-02">02 September 2024</time> </li> </ul> <ul class="c-article-identifiers c-article-identifiers--cite-list"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> <span data-test="journal-volume">Volume 235</span>, article number <span data-test="article-number">656</span>, (<span data-test="article-publication-year">2024</span>) </li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item c-article-identifiers__item--cite"> <a href="#citeas" data-track="click" data-track-action="cite this article" data-track-category="article body" data-track-label="link">Cite this article</a> </li> </ul> <div class="app-article-masthead__buttons" data-test="download-article-link-wrapper" data-track-context="masthead"> </div> </div> <div class="app-article-masthead__brand"> <a href="/journal/11270" class="app-article-masthead__journal-link" data-track="click_journal_home" data-track-action="journal homepage" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 768px)" width="120" height="159" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w120/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/11270?as=webp, https://media.springernature.com/w316/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/11270?as=webp 2x"> <img width="72" height="95" src="https://media.springernature.com/w72/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/11270?as=webp" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w144/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/11270?as=webp 2x" alt=""> </picture> <span class="app-article-masthead__journal-title">Water, Air, & Soil Pollution</span> </a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/11270/aims-and-scope" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_aims_and_scope" data-track-action="aims and scope" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> Aims and scope <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/wate" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_submit_manuscript" data-track-context="article masthead on springerlink article page" data-track-action="submit manuscript" data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Dih_go_H_-Damaceno-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Dih_go_H_-Damaceno-Aff1" data-author-search="Damaceno, Dihêgo H.">Dihêgo H. Damaceno</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Pollyana-Trigueiro-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Pollyana-Trigueiro-Aff1" data-author-search="Trigueiro, Pollyana">Pollyana Trigueiro</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Luciano_Cl_cio_Brand_o-Lima-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Luciano_Cl_cio_Brand_o-Lima-Aff1" data-author-search="Lima, Luciano Clécio Brandão">Luciano Clécio Brandão Lima</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Luzia_M_-Honorio-Aff1-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Luzia_M_-Honorio-Aff1-Aff2" data-author-search="Honorio, Luzia M.">Luzia M. Honorio</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a>,<a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Ram_n-Pe_a_Garcia-Aff1-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Ram_n-Pe_a_Garcia-Aff1-Aff3" data-author-search="Peña-Garcia, Ramón">Ramón Peña-Garcia</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a>,<a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Marcelo_B_-Furtini-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Marcelo_B_-Furtini-Aff1" data-author-search="Furtini, Marcelo B.">Marcelo B. Furtini</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Yuset-Guerra-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Yuset-Guerra-Aff1" data-author-search="Guerra, Yuset">Yuset Guerra</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Maria_Gardennia-Fonseca-Aff4" data-author-popup="auth-Maria_Gardennia-Fonseca-Aff4" data-author-search="Fonseca, Maria Gardennia">Maria Gardennia Fonseca</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff4">4</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Edson_C_-Silva_Filho-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Edson_C_-Silva_Filho-Aff1" data-author-search="da Silva-Filho, Edson C.">Edson C. da Silva-Filho</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Maguy-Jaber-Aff5" data-author-popup="auth-Maguy-Jaber-Aff5" data-author-search="Jaber, Maguy">Maguy Jaber</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff5">5</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__show-more" aria-label="Show all 11 authors for this article" title="Show all 11 authors for this article">…</li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Josy_A_-Osajima-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Josy_A_-Osajima-Aff1" data-author-search="Osajima, Josy A." data-corresp-id="c1">Josy A. Osajima<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-3244"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-3244</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> </li></ul><button aria-expanded="false" class="c-article-author-list__button"><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium"></use></svg><span>Show authors</span></button> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>161 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-citations-medium"></use> </svg>1 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Citation</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>The sol–gel process was applied to prepare ZnO-saponite nanocomposite for environmental remediation and investigation of photocatalysis mechanisms. The nanocomposite followed the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model dye under irradiation with visible light. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Point of zero charges (Pcz), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Reuse, the effect of scavengers, and toxicity were also investigated. The results showed an effective incorporation of the semiconductor on the surface of the support, forming a hexagonal structure with the wurtzite phase of ZnO. The evaluation of texture and morphology showed the effective distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of the synthesized photocatalyst. The intensified adsorption/photocatalysis process using saponite-based nanocomposite achieved more than 85% RhB dye removal efficiency after 270 min. It followed presented pseudo-first-order kinetics with a constant equal to 6.627 × 10<sup>–1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the evaluation of the effect of scavengers indicated that alcohol played an important role in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. It was stable after evaluating the catalyst after successive cycles, maintaining its structure, as FTIR proved. Furthermore, the studied nanocomposites did not show evidence of toxicity, thus being promising candidates for application in the removal of polluting dye.</p></div></div></section> <div class="c-notes"> <p class="c-notes__text c-status-message--info"> <svg width="24" height="24" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="c-status-message__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium"></use> </svg> This is a preview of subscription content, <a id="test-login-banner-link" href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D2dcd08bf-64e5-4de9-8ec0-1ddddd249cd7" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-label="link" class="c-preview-message__link">log in via an institution</a> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon c-external-link__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg> to check access. </p> </div> <div data-test="access-article" class="app-article-access"> <h2 class="app-article-access__heading">Access this article</h2> <div class="u-ma-16 u-clear-both"> <a href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D2dcd08bf-64e5-4de9-8ec0-1ddddd249cd7" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="institution access" data-track-label="button"> <span data-test="access-via-institution">Log in via an institution</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div data-test="buy-box-mobile" class="c-article-buy-box"> <div class="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin" id="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin"> <!-- rendered: 2024-12-13T01:46:39.247392 --><!-- Darwin version --> <div class="buying-option" data-test-id="buy-article-darwin"> <div> <div class="c-springer-plus"> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Subscribe and save</h2> <div class="springer-plus"> <div class="springer-plus-headline"> <div class="springer-plus-title"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use> </svg><span>Springer+ Basic</span> </div> <div class="dd price-amount-springer-plus"> €32.70 /Month </div> </div> <ul class="buying-option-usps"> <li>Get 10 units per month</li> <li>Download Article/Chapter or eBook</li> <li>1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter</li> <li>Cancel anytime</li> </ul><a href="https://link.springer.com/product/springer-plus" id="btn-subscribe-springerPlus" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--secondary" data-track="click||click_springer_subscribe" data-track-context="buy box"><span>Subscribe now </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a> </div> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Buy Now</h2> </div> <div class="buybox__buy"> <form action="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="article"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"><input type="hidden" name="isxn" value="1573-2932"><input type="hidden" name="contenttitle" value="ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye"><input type="hidden" name="copyrightyear" value="2024"><input type="hidden" name="year" value="2024"><input type="hidden" name="authors" value="Dihêgo H. Damaceno, et al."><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"><input type="hidden" name="mac" value="148297bb7adf3813efd12fee2cd5695a"> <div class="u-ma-16"> <button type="submit" class="u-button--small u-button u-button--secondary u-button--full-width" onclick="dataLayer.push({"event":"addToCart","ecommerce":{"currencyCode":"EUR","add":{"products":[{"name":"ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye","id":"1573-2932","price":39.95,"brand":"Springer International Publishing","category":"Environmental Sciences","variant":"ppv-article","quantity":1}]}}});"><span>Buy article PDF 39,95 €</span></button> </div> </form> <p class="c-notes__text c-notes__vat">Price includes VAT (Singapore)<br></p> <p class="c-notes__text c-notes__usp">Instant access to the full article PDF.</p> </div> </div> <script>dataLayer.push({"ecommerce":{"currency":"EUR","impressions":[{"name":"ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye","id":"1573-2932","price":39.95,"brand":"Springer International Publishing","category":"Environmental Sciences","variant":"ppv-article","quantity":1}]}});</script> <script style="display: none"> ;(function () { if (document.cookie.indexOf("feature-monetise-subscriptions-display-springer-plus") > -1) { document.querySelectorAll(".c-springer-plus").forEach(function(node) { node.style.display = "block" }) } // springerPlus roll out 10% starts here var springerPlusGroup = setLocalStorageSpringerPlus(); var rollOutSpringerPlus = springerPlusGroup === "B" function setLocalStorageSpringerPlus() { var selectUserKey = "springerPlusRollOut"; var springerPlusGroup = "X"; if (!window.localStorage) return springerPlusGroup; try { var selectUserValue = window.localStorage.getItem(selectUserKey) springerPlusGroup = selectUserValue || randomDistributionSpringerPlus(selectUserKey) } catch (err) { console.log(err) } return springerPlusGroup; } function randomDistributionSpringerPlus(selectUserKey) { var randomGroup = Math.random() < 0.7 ? "A" : "B" window.localStorage.setItem(selectUserKey, randomGroup) return randomGroup } if (rollOutSpringerPlus) { revealSpringerPlus(); } function revealSpringerPlus() { var article = document.getElementById("sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin"); if(article) { document.querySelectorAll(".c-springer-plus").forEach(function(node) { node.style.display = "block" }) } } //springerPlus ends here })() </script> <style> .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li::before { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%230070A8'%3E%3Ccircle cx='50' cy='50' r='50'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } </style> </div> <article class="buybox__rent-article buybox__access-option u-sans-serif" id="deepdyve" style="display: none" data-test-id="journal-subscription"> <div class="c-box__body"> <div class="buybox__info"> <p>Rent this article via <a class="deepdyve-link" target="deepdyve" rel="nofollow" data-track="click" data-track-action="rent article" data-track-label="rent action, new buybox">DeepDyve</a> <svg focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon" style="vertical-align: middle"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg></p> </div> </div> <script> function deepDyveResponse(data) { if (data.status === 'ok') { [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.buybox__rent-article')).forEach(function (article) { article.style.display = 'flex' var link = article.querySelector('.deepdyve-link') if (link) { link.setAttribute('href', data.url) } }) } } var script = document.createElement('script') script.src = '//www.deepdyve.com/rental-link?docId=10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z&journal=1573-2932&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=springer&format=jsonp&callback=deepDyveResponse' document.body.appendChild(script) </script> </article> <div class="buybox__access-option buybox__institutional-subs-link u-sans-serif"> <p><a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/licensing/agc/journals">Institutional subscriptions <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon" style="vertical-align: middle"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </div> <style>.sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .buybox__access-option{ border-top: 1px solid #cedbe0; font-size: 1rem; padding: 16px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .c-springer-plus{ display: none; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus{ background-color: #EBF6FF; font-family: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; padding: 16px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-headline{ display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-heading{ border-bottom: 1px solid #c5e0f4; border-top: 1px solid #c5e0f4; font-family: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0; padding: 16px; text-align: center; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-title{ align-items: center; display: flex; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-title span{ margin-left: 8px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a{ background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #025e8d; color: #025e8d; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; max-height: 44px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a span{ margin-right: 8px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:hover{ background-color: #025e8d; border: 4px solid #025e8d; box-shadow: none; color: #fff; font-weight: 700; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:visited{ color: #025e8d; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:visited:hover{ color: #fff; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps{ color: #555; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 16px 0 24px 0; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li{ padding-left: 26px; position: relative; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li::before{ content: ''; height: 10px; left: 0; position: absolute; top: calc(0.8em - 5px); width: 10px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li:not(:first-child){ margin-top: 4px; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div class="u-display-none"> <div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-1"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig1" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 1</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig1_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="288" height="312"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-2"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig2" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 2</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig2_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="298"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-3"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig3" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 3</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig3_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig3_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="137"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-4"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig4" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 4</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig4_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig4_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="243"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-5"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig5" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 5</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig5_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig5_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="249"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-6"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig6" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 6</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig6_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig6_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="233"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-7"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig7" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 7</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig7_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig7_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="252"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-8"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig8" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 8</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig8_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig8_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="269"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-9"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig9" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 9</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig9_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig9_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="255"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-10"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig10" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 10</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig10_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig10_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="155"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-11"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig11" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 11</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig11_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig11_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="148"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-12"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig12" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 12</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig12_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig12_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="304"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-13"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig13" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 13</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig13_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z/MediaObjects/11270_2024_7456_Fig13_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="223"></picture></div></div></figure></div> </div> <div data-test="cobranding-download"> </div> <section aria-labelledby="inline-recommendations" data-title="Inline Recommendations" class="c-article-recommendations" data-track-component="inline-recommendations"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-title" id="inline-recommendations">Similar content being viewed by others</h3> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS002315842304002X/MediaObjects/10975_2023_8406_Fig1_HTML.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1134/S002315842304002X?fromPaywallRec=true" data-track="select_recommendations_1" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 1" data-track-label="10.1134/S002315842304002X">Vietnamese Montmorillonite Supported ZnO: Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Enhancement in Degradation of Rhodamine B </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">23 July 2023</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-022-21248-0/MediaObjects/11356_2022_21248_Fig1_HTML.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-022-21248-0?fromPaywallRec=true" data-track="select_recommendations_2" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 2" data-track-label="10.1007/s11356-022-21248-0">Photocatalytic dye degradation using nickel ferrite spinel and its nanocomposite </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">11 June 2022</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-019-01573-w/MediaObjects/10854_2019_1573_Fig1_HTML.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10854-019-01573-w?fromPaywallRec=true" data-track="select_recommendations_3" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 3" data-track-label="10.1007/s10854-019-01573-w">ZnS/ZnNiAl-LDH/GO nanocomposite as a visible-light photocatalyst: preparation, characterization and modeling </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">29 May 2019</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ recommendations: { recommender: 'semantic', model: 'specter', policy_id: 'NA', timestamp: 1734054399, embedded_user: 'null' } }); </script> <section data-title="Data Availability"><div class="c-article-section" id="data-availability-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="data-availability">Data Availability</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="data-availability-content"> <p>The manuscript has no associated data.</p> </div></div></section><div id="MagazineFulltextArticleBodySuffix"><section aria-labelledby="Bib1" data-title="References"><div class="c-article-section" id="Bib1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Bib1">References</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Bib1-content"><div data-container-section="references"><ul class="c-article-references" data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR1">Akkari, M., Aranda, P., Ben Rhaiem, H., Ben Haj Amara, A., & Ruiz-Hitzky, E. (2016). ZnO/clay nanoarchitectures: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation as photocatalysts. <i>Applied Clay Science</i>, <i>131</i>, 131–139. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.12.013" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2015.12.013">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.12.013</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR2">Akpan, U. G., & Hameed, B. H. (2009). Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO<sub>2</sub>-based photocatalysts: A review. <i>Journal of Hazardous Materials,</i> <i>170</i>(2–3), 520–529. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.039" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.039">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.039</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.039" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.039" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhazmat.2009.05.039" aria-label="Article reference 2" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.039">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVGqur3P" aria-label="CAS reference 2">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 2" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Parameters%20affecting%20the%20photocatalytic%20degradation%20of%20dyes%20using%20TiO2-based%20photocatalysts%3A%20A%20review&journal=Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhazmat.2009.05.039&volume=170&issue=2%E2%80%933&pages=520-529&publication_year=2009&author=Akpan%2CUG&author=Hameed%2CBH"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR3">Al-Buriahi, A. K., Al-Gheethi, A. A., Senthil Kumar, P., Radin Mohamed, R. M. S., Yusof, H., Alshalif, A. F., & Khalifa, N. A. (2022). Elimination of rhodamine B from textile wastewater using nanoparticle photocatalysts: A review for sustainable approaches. <i>Chemosphere,</i> <i>287</i>(P2), 132162. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132162" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132162">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132162</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132162" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132162" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2021.132162" aria-label="Article reference 3" data-doi="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132162">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitVCls7%2FK" aria-label="CAS reference 3">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 3" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Elimination%20of%20rhodamine%20B%20from%20textile%20wastewater%20using%20nanoparticle%20photocatalysts%3A%20A%20review%20for%20sustainable%20approaches&journal=Chemosphere&doi=10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2021.132162&volume=287&issue=P2&publication_year=2022&author=Al-Buriahi%2CAK&author=Al-Gheethi%2CAA&author=Senthil%20Kumar%2CP&author=Radin%20Mohamed%2CRMS&author=Yusof%2CH&author=Alshalif%2CAF&author=Khalifa%2CNA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR4">Al-Gheethi, A. A., Azhar, Q. M., Senthil Kumar, P., Yusuf, A. A., Al-Buriahi, A. K., Radin Mohamed, R. M. S., & Al-shaibani, M. M. (2022). Sustainable approaches for removing Rhodamine B dye using agricultural waste adsorbents: A review. <i>Chemosphere,</i> <i>287</i>, 132080. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132080" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132080">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132080</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132080" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132080" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2021.132080" aria-label="Article reference 4" data-doi="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132080">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitVSku7jI" aria-label="CAS reference 4">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 4" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Sustainable%20approaches%20for%20removing%20Rhodamine%20B%20dye%20using%20agricultural%20waste%20adsorbents%3A%20A%20review&journal=Chemosphere&doi=10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2021.132080&volume=287&publication_year=2022&author=Al-Gheethi%2CAA&author=Azhar%2CQM&author=Senthil%20Kumar%2CP&author=Yusuf%2CAA&author=Al-Buriahi%2CAK&author=Radin%20Mohamed%2CRMS&author=Al-shaibani%2CMM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR5">Aranda, P., Kun, R., Martín-Luengo, M. A., Letaïef, S., Dékány, I., & Ruiz-Hitzky, E. (2008). Titania-sepiolite nanocomposites prepared by a surfactant templating colloidal route. <i>Chemistry of Materials,</i> <i>20</i>(1), 84–91. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cm702251f" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1021/cm702251f">https://doi.org/10.1021/cm702251f</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1021/cm702251f" data-track-item_id="10.1021/cm702251f" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcm702251f" aria-label="Article reference 5" data-doi="10.1021/cm702251f">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVejtbbF" aria-label="CAS reference 5">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 5" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Titania-sepiolite%20nanocomposites%20prepared%20by%20a%20surfactant%20templating%20colloidal%20route&journal=Chemistry%20of%20Materials&doi=10.1021%2Fcm702251f&volume=20&issue=1&pages=84-91&publication_year=2008&author=Aranda%2CP&author=Kun%2CR&author=Mart%C3%ADn-Luengo%2CMA&author=Leta%C3%AFef%2CS&author=D%C3%A9k%C3%A1ny%2CI&author=Ruiz-Hitzky%2CE"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR6">Araujo, F. P., Honório, L. M. C., Lima, I. S., Trigueiro, P., Almeida, L. C., Fechine, P. B. A., et al. (2020a). New composite TiO<sub>2</sub>/naturals gums for high efficiency in photodiscoloration process. <i>Ceramics International</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.100" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.100">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.100</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.100" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.100" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ceramint.2020.03.100" aria-label="Article reference 6" data-doi="10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.100">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 6" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=New%20composite%20TiO2%2Fnaturals%20gums%20for%20high%20efficiency%20in%20photodiscoloration%20process&journal=Ceramics%20International&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ceramint.2020.03.100&publication_year=2020&author=Araujo%2CFP&author=Hon%C3%B3rio%2CLMC&author=Lima%2CIS&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Almeida%2CLC&author=Fechine%2CPBA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR7">Araujo, F. P., Trigueiro, P., Honório, L. M. C., Furtini, M. B., Oliveira, D. M., Almeida, L. C., et al. (2020b). A novel green approach based on ZnO nanoparticles and polysaccharides for photocatalytic performance. <i>Dalton Transactions</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01128b" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1039/d0dt01128b">https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01128b</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1039/d0dt01128b" data-track-item_id="10.1039/d0dt01128b" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fd0dt01128b" aria-label="Article reference 7" data-doi="10.1039/d0dt01128b">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 7" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20novel%20green%20approach%20based%20on%20ZnO%20nanoparticles%20and%20polysaccharides%20for%20photocatalytic%20performance&journal=Dalton%20Transactions&doi=10.1039%2Fd0dt01128b&publication_year=2020&author=Araujo%2CFP&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Hon%C3%B3rio%2CLMC&author=Furtini%2CMB&author=Oliveira%2CDM&author=Almeida%2CLC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR8">Araujo, F. P., Trigueiro, P., Honório, L. M. C., Oliveira, D. M., Almeida, L. C., Garcia, R. P., et al. (2020c). Eco-friendly synthesis and photocatalytic application of flowers-like ZnO structures using Arabic and Karaya Gums. <i>International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,</i> <i>165</i>, 2813–2822. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.132" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.132">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.132</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.132" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.132" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijbiomac.2020.10.132" aria-label="Article reference 8" data-doi="10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.132">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlClt7nN" aria-label="CAS reference 8">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 8" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Eco-friendly%20synthesis%20and%20photocatalytic%20application%20of%20flowers-like%20ZnO%20structures%20using%20Arabic%20and%20Karaya%20Gums&journal=International%20Journal%20of%20Biological%20Macromolecules&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ijbiomac.2020.10.132&volume=165&pages=2813-2822&publication_year=2020&author=Araujo%2CFP&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Hon%C3%B3rio%2CLMC&author=Oliveira%2CDM&author=Almeida%2CLC&author=Garcia%2CRP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR9">Asencios, Y. J. O., Quijo, M. V., Marcos, F. C. F., Nogueira, A. E., Rocca, R. R., & Assaf, E. M. (2019). Photocatalytic activity of Nb heterostructure (NaNbO<sub>3</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub>) and Nb/clay materials in the degradation of organic compounds. <i>Solar Energy,</i> <i>194</i>(September), 37–46. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.005" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.005</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.005" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.005" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.solener.2019.10.005" aria-label="Article reference 9" data-doi="10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.005">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitVOnu7nF" aria-label="CAS reference 9">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 9" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Photocatalytic%20activity%20of%20Nb%20heterostructure%20%28NaNbO3%2FNa2Nb4O11%29%20and%20Nb%2Fclay%20materials%20in%20the%20degradation%20of%20organic%20compounds&journal=Solar%20Energy&doi=10.1016%2Fj.solener.2019.10.005&volume=194&issue=September&pages=37-46&publication_year=2019&author=Asencios%2CYJO&author=Quijo%2CMV&author=Marcos%2CFCF&author=Nogueira%2CAE&author=Rocca%2CRR&author=Assaf%2CEM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR10">Bakhtiar, A., Bouberka, Z., Roussel, P., Volkringer, C., Addad, A., Ouddane, B., et al. (2022). Development of a TiO<sub>2</sub>/Sepiolite Photocatalyst for the Degradation of a Persistent Organic Pollutant in Aqueous Solution. <i>Nanomaterials</i>, <i>12</i>(19). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193313" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/nano12193313">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193313</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR11">Bazari, M., & Najmoddin, N. (2022a). The effect of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants on morphology and antibacterial properties of zinc oxide. <i>Revista Materia</i>, <i>27</i>(2). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620220002.1372" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1590/S1517-707620220002.1372">https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620220002.1372</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR12">Bel Hadjltaief, H., Ben Ameur, S., Da Costa, P., Ben Zina, M., & Elena Galvez, M. (2018). Photocatalytic decolorization of cationic and anionic dyes over ZnO nanoparticle immobilized on natural Tunisian clay. <i>Applied Clay Science</i>, <i>152</i>(April 2017), 148–157. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.008" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.008</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR13">Bel Hadjltaief, H., Galvez, M. E., Ben Zina, M., & Da Costa, P. (2019). TiO<sub>2</sub>/clay as a heterogeneous catalyst in photocatalytic/photochemical oxidation of anionic reactive blue 19. <i>Arabian Journal of Chemistry,</i> <i>12</i>(7), 1454–1462. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.006" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.006</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.006" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.006" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.arabjc.2014.11.006" aria-label="Article reference 13" data-doi="10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.006">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhvFGisbrN" aria-label="CAS reference 13">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 13" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=TiO2%2Fclay%20as%20a%20heterogeneous%20catalyst%20in%20photocatalytic%2Fphotochemical%20oxidation%20of%20anionic%20reactive%20blue%2019&journal=Arabian%20Journal%20of%20Chemistry&doi=10.1016%2Fj.arabjc.2014.11.006&volume=12&issue=7&pages=1454-1462&publication_year=2019&author=Bel%20Hadjltaief%2CH&author=Galvez%2CME&author=Ben%20Zina%2CM&author=Costa%2CP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR14">Belver, C., Bedia, J., & Rodriguez, J. J. (2015). Titania-clay heterostructures with solar photocatalytic applications. <i>Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,</i> <i>176–177</i>, 278–287. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.004" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.004</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.004" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.004" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apcatb.2015.04.004" aria-label="Article reference 14" data-doi="10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.004">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXlvFCiu7w%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 14">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 14" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Titania-clay%20heterostructures%20with%20solar%20photocatalytic%20applications&journal=Applied%20Catalysis%20B%3A%20Environmental&doi=10.1016%2Fj.apcatb.2015.04.004&volume=176%E2%80%93177&pages=278-287&publication_year=2015&author=Belver%2CC&author=Bedia%2CJ&author=Rodriguez%2CJJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR15">Bisio, C., Gatti, G., Boccaleri, E., Marchese, L., Superti, G. B., Pastore, H. O., & Thommes, M. (2008). Understanding physico-chemical properties of saponite synthetic clays. <i>Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,</i> <i>107</i>(1–2), 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.05.038" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.05.038">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.05.038</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.05.038" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.05.038" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.micromeso.2007.05.038" aria-label="Article reference 15" data-doi="10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.05.038">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlWrt7fP" aria-label="CAS reference 15">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 15" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Understanding%20physico-chemical%20properties%20of%20saponite%20synthetic%20clays&journal=Microporous%20and%20Mesoporous%20Materials&doi=10.1016%2Fj.micromeso.2007.05.038&volume=107&issue=1%E2%80%932&pages=90-101&publication_year=2008&author=Bisio%2CC&author=Gatti%2CG&author=Boccaleri%2CE&author=Marchese%2CL&author=Superti%2CGB&author=Pastore%2CHO&author=Thommes%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR16">Borba, F. H., Leichtweis, J., Bueno, F., Pellenz, L., Inticher, J. J., & Seibert, D. (2019). Pollutant removal and acute toxicity assessment (Artemia salina) of landfill leachate treated by photo-Fenton process mediated by oxalic Acid. <i>Journal of Water Process Engineering,</i> <i>28</i>(January), 159–168. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.017" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.017">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.017</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.017" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.017" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jwpe.2019.01.017" aria-label="Article reference 16" data-doi="10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.017">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 16" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Pollutant%20removal%20and%20acute%20toxicity%20assessment%20%28Artemia%20salina%29%20of%20landfill%20leachate%20treated%20by%20photo-Fenton%20process%20mediated%20by%20oxalic%20Acid&journal=Journal%20of%20Water%20Process%20Engineering&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jwpe.2019.01.017&volume=28&issue=January&pages=159-168&publication_year=2019&author=Borba%2CFH&author=Leichtweis%2CJ&author=Bueno%2CF&author=Pellenz%2CL&author=Inticher%2CJJ&author=Seibert%2CD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR17">Boruah, K., Bora, D. B., Saikia, S., & Borah, R. (2022). Study of photocatalytic properties of clay intercalated semiconductor composite material of guanidinium tetrachloroferrate for oxidative degradation of model dye in sunlight. <i>Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics,</i> <i>33</i>(5), 2461–2478. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07454-5" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1007/s10854-021-07454-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07454-5</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10854-021-07454-5" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10854-021-07454-5" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10854-021-07454-5" aria-label="Article reference 17" data-doi="10.1007/s10854-021-07454-5">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhtFOqsrw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 17">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 17" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Study%20of%20photocatalytic%20properties%20of%20clay%20intercalated%20semiconductor%20composite%20material%20of%20guanidinium%20tetrachloroferrate%20for%20oxidative%20degradation%20of%20model%20dye%20in%20sunlight&journal=Journal%20of%20Materials%20Science%3A%20Materials%20in%20Electronics&doi=10.1007%2Fs10854-021-07454-5&volume=33&issue=5&pages=2461-2478&publication_year=2022&author=Boruah%2CK&author=Bora%2CDB&author=Saikia%2CS&author=Borah%2CR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR18">Boughelout, A., Zebbar, N., Macaluso, R., Zohour, Z., Bensouilah, A., Zaffora, A., et al. (2018). Rhodamine (B) photocatalysis under solar light on high crystalline ZnO films grown by home-made DC sputtering. <i>Optik,</i> <i>174</i>(August), 77–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.061" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.061">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.061</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.061" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.061" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijleo.2018.08.061" aria-label="Article reference 18" data-doi="10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.061">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhs1Snt7%2FO" aria-label="CAS reference 18">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 18" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Rhodamine%20%28B%29%20photocatalysis%20under%20solar%20light%20on%20high%20crystalline%20ZnO%20films%20grown%20by%20home-made%20DC%20sputtering&journal=Optik&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ijleo.2018.08.061&volume=174&issue=August&pages=77-85&publication_year=2018&author=Boughelout%2CA&author=Zebbar%2CN&author=Macaluso%2CR&author=Zohour%2CZ&author=Bensouilah%2CA&author=Zaffora%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR19">Brandão Lima, L. C., Castro-Silva, F., Silva-Filho, E. C., Fonseca, M. G., & Jaber, M. (2020a). Saponite-anthocyanin pigments: Slipping between the sheets. <i>Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,</i> <i>300</i>, 110148. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.micromeso.2020.110148" aria-label="Article reference 19" data-doi="10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmtVGqsL4%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 19">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 19" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Saponite-anthocyanin%20pigments%3A%20Slipping%20between%20the%20sheets&journal=Microporous%20and%20Mesoporous%20Materials&doi=10.1016%2Fj.micromeso.2020.110148&volume=300&publication_year=2020&author=Brand%C3%A3o%20Lima%2CLC&author=Castro-Silva%2CF&author=Silva-Filho%2CEC&author=Fonseca%2CMG&author=Jaber%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR20">Brandão Lima, L. C., Castro-Silva, F., Silva-Filho, E. C., Fonseca, M. G., & Jaber, M. (2020b). Saponite-anthocyanin pigments: Slipping between the sheets. <i>Microporous and Mesoporous Materials</i>, <i>300</i>(December 2019), 110148. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110148</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR21">Brito, D. F., da Silva Filho, E. C., Fonseca, M. G., & Jaber, M. (2018). Organophilic bentonites obtained by microwave heating as adsorbents for anionic dyes. <i>Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,</i> <i>6</i>(6), 7080–7090. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.11.006" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jece.2018.11.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.11.006</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jece.2018.11.006" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jece.2018.11.006" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jece.2018.11.006" aria-label="Article reference 21" data-doi="10.1016/j.jece.2018.11.006">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXit1ChsbbI" aria-label="CAS reference 21">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 21" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Organophilic%20bentonites%20obtained%20by%20microwave%20heating%20as%20adsorbents%20for%20anionic%20dyes&journal=Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Chemical%20Engineering&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jece.2018.11.006&volume=6&issue=6&pages=7080-7090&publication_year=2018&author=Brito%2CDF&author=Silva%20Filho%2CEC&author=Fonseca%2CMG&author=Jaber%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR22">Cavalcanti, G. R. S., Souprayen, C., Guillermin, D., Rodrigues, F., Fonseca, M. G., & Jaber, M. (2022). Designing photochromatic pigments based on clay minerals and spiropyran. <i>Dyes and Pigments,</i> <i>204</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110358" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110358">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110358</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR23">Cavicchioli, A., & Gutz, I. G. R. (2002). Effect of scavengers on the photocatalytic digestion of organic matter in water samples assisted by TiO<sub>2</sub> in suspension for the voltammetric determination of heavy metals. <i>Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society,</i> <i>13</i>(4), 441–448. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532002000400006" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1590/S0103-50532002000400006">https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532002000400006</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1590/S0103-50532002000400006" data-track-item_id="10.1590/S0103-50532002000400006" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0103-50532002000400006" aria-label="Article reference 23" data-doi="10.1590/S0103-50532002000400006">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmvFGju7w%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 23">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 23" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effect%20of%20scavengers%20on%20the%20photocatalytic%20digestion%20of%20organic%20matter%20in%20water%20samples%20assisted%20by%20TiO2%20in%20suspension%20for%20the%20voltammetric%20determination%20of%20heavy%20metals&journal=Journal%20of%20the%20Brazilian%20Chemical%20Society&doi=10.1590%2FS0103-50532002000400006&volume=13&issue=4&pages=441-448&publication_year=2002&author=Cavicchioli%2CA&author=Gutz%2CIGR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR24">Chanturiya, V., Minenko, V., Suvorova, O., Pletneva, V., & Makarov, D. (2017). Electrochemical modification of saponite for manufacture of ceramic building materials. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>135</i>, 199–205. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.020" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.020">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.020</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.020" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.020" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2016.09.020" aria-label="Article reference 24" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.020">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsFamur%2FF" aria-label="CAS reference 24">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 24" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Electrochemical%20modification%20of%20saponite%20for%20manufacture%20of%20ceramic%20building%20materials&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2016.09.020&volume=135&pages=199-205&publication_year=2017&author=Chanturiya%2CV&author=Minenko%2CV&author=Suvorova%2CO&author=Pletneva%2CV&author=Makarov%2CD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR25">Chen, Y., Lin, M., & Zhuang, D. (2022). Wastewater treatment and emerging contaminants: Bibliometric analysis. <i>Chemosphere,</i> <i>297</i>, 133932. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133932" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133932">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133932</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133932" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133932" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2022.133932" aria-label="Article reference 25" data-doi="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133932">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XmsFCltrg%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 25">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 25" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Wastewater%20treatment%20and%20emerging%20contaminants%3A%20Bibliometric%20analysis&journal=Chemosphere&doi=10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2022.133932&volume=297&publication_year=2022&author=Chen%2CY&author=Lin%2CM&author=Zhuang%2CD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR26">Cui, Y., Lin, C., Li, M., Zhu, N., Meng, J., & Zhao, J. (2022). CuWO<sub>4</sub>/CuS heterojunction photocatalyst for the application of visible-light-driven photodegradation of dye pollutions. <i>Journal of Alloys and Compounds,</i> <i>893</i>, 162181. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162181" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162181">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162181</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162181" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162181" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2021.162181" aria-label="Article reference 26" data-doi="10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162181">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXit1KgsLbN" aria-label="CAS reference 26">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 26" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=CuWO4%2FCuS%20heterojunction%20photocatalyst%20for%20the%20application%20of%20visible-light-driven%20photodegradation%20of%20dye%20pollutions&journal=Journal%20of%20Alloys%20and%20Compounds&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2021.162181&volume=893&publication_year=2022&author=Cui%2CY&author=Lin%2CC&author=Li%2CM&author=Zhu%2CN&author=Meng%2CJ&author=Zhao%2CJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR27">Damacena, D. H. L., Trigueiro, P., Monteiro, V. H., Honorio, L. M. C., Duarte, T. M., Cunha, R., et al. (2023). Saponite-inspired Materials as Remediation Technologies for Water Treatment: an Overview. <i>Environmental Processes</i>. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00630-1" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1007/s40710-023-00630-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00630-1</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR28">Dao, T. B. T., Ha, T. T. L., Nguyen, T. Do, Le, H. N., Ha-Thuc, C. N., Nguyen, T. M. L., et al. (2021). Effectiveness of photocatalysis of MMT-supported TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes for rhodamine B degradation. <i>Chemosphere</i>, <i>280</i>(May). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130802" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130802">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130802</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR29">de Moraes, N. P., dos Santos, R. D. M., Gouvêa, M. E. V., de Siervo, A., da Silva Rocha, R., Reddy, D. A., et al. (2023). Solar-based photocatalytic ozonation employing novel S-scheme ZnO/Cu2O/CuO/carbon xerogel photocatalyst: Effect of pH, salinity, turbidity, and temperature on salicylic acid degradation. <i>Environmental Science and Pollution Research</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4" aria-label="Article reference 29" data-doi="10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 29" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Solar-based%20photocatalytic%20ozonation%20employing%20novel%20S-scheme%20ZnO%2FCu2O%2FCuO%2Fcarbon%20xerogel%20photocatalyst%3A%20Effect%20of%20pH%2C%20salinity%2C%20turbidity%2C%20and%20temperature%20on%20salicylic%20acid%20degradation&journal=Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research&doi=10.1007%2Fs11356-023-29399-4&publication_year=2023&author=Moraes%2CNP&author=Santos%2CRDM&author=Gouv%C3%AAa%2CMEV&author=Siervo%2CA&author=Silva%20Rocha%2CR&author=Reddy%2CDA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR30">Desai, H., Kannan, A., & Reddy, G. S. K. (2023). Sustainable and rapid pillared clay synthesis with applications in removal of anionic and cationic dyes. <i>Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,</i> <i>352</i>, 112488. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112488" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112488">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112488</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112488" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112488" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.micromeso.2023.112488" aria-label="Article reference 30" data-doi="10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112488">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXjs1ejsLk%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 30">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 30" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Sustainable%20and%20rapid%20pillared%20clay%20synthesis%20with%20applications%20in%20removal%20of%20anionic%20and%20cationic%20dyes&journal=Microporous%20and%20Mesoporous%20Materials&doi=10.1016%2Fj.micromeso.2023.112488&volume=352&publication_year=2023&author=Desai%2CH&author=Kannan%2CA&author=Reddy%2CGSK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR31">Doria Herrera, G. M., Peñuela, G. A., & Valencia, G. C. (2021). Photodegradation of Bisphenol A and Triclosan using ZnCl<sub>2</sub>(6OMeQ)<sub>2</sub> complex as photosensitizer under homogeneous conditions. <i>Results in Engineering</i>, <i>12</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100291" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100291">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100291</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR32">Fatimah, I., Fadillah, G., Yanti, I., & Doong, R. (2022). Clay-Supported metal oxide nanoparticles in catalytic advanced oxidation processes: A Review. <i>Nanomaterials,</i> <i>12</i>(5), 825. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050825" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/nano12050825">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050825</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3390/nano12050825" data-track-item_id="10.3390/nano12050825" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnano12050825" aria-label="Article reference 32" data-doi="10.3390/nano12050825">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xntlerur4%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 32">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 32" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Clay-Supported%20metal%20oxide%20nanoparticles%20in%20catalytic%20advanced%20oxidation%20processes%3A%20A%20Review&journal=Nanomaterials&doi=10.3390%2Fnano12050825&volume=12&issue=5&publication_year=2022&author=Fatimah%2CI&author=Fadillah%2CG&author=Yanti%2CI&author=Doong%2CR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR33">Fatimah, I., Nurillahi, R., Sahroni, I., & Muraza, O. (2019). TiO<sub>2</sub>-pillared saponite and photosensitization using a ruthenium complex for photocatalytic enhancement of the photodegradation of bromophenol blue. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>183</i>(February), 105302. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105302" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2019.105302">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105302</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2019.105302" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2019.105302" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2019.105302" aria-label="Article reference 33" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2019.105302">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitVSjtr7N" aria-label="CAS reference 33">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 33" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=TiO2-pillared%20saponite%20and%20photosensitization%20using%20a%20ruthenium%20complex%20for%20photocatalytic%20enhancement%20of%20the%20photodegradation%20of%20bromophenol%20blue&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2019.105302&volume=183&issue=February&publication_year=2019&author=Fatimah%2CI&author=Nurillahi%2CR&author=Sahroni%2CI&author=Muraza%2CO"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR34">Fatimah, I., Rubiyanto, D., Sahroni, I., Putra, R. S., Nurillahi, R., & Nugraha, J. (2020). Physicochemical characteristics and photocatalytic performance of Tin oxide/montmorillonite nanocomposites at various Sn/montmorillonite molar to mass ratios. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>193</i>(May), 105671. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105671" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2020.105671">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105671</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2020.105671" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2020.105671" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2020.105671" aria-label="Article reference 34" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2020.105671">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpsl2ksr8%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 34">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 34" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Physicochemical%20characteristics%20and%20photocatalytic%20performance%20of%20Tin%20oxide%2Fmontmorillonite%20nanocomposites%20at%20various%20Sn%2Fmontmorillonite%20molar%20to%20mass%20ratios&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2020.105671&volume=193&issue=May&publication_year=2020&author=Fatimah%2CI&author=Rubiyanto%2CD&author=Sahroni%2CI&author=Putra%2CRS&author=Nurillahi%2CR&author=Nugraha%2CJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR35">Fatimah, I., Wang, S., & Wulandari, D. (2011). ZnO/montmorillonite for photocatalytic and photochemical degradation of methylene blue. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>53</i>(4), 553–560. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.001" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.001</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.001" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.001" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2011.05.001" aria-label="Article reference 35" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.001">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVyltrnP" aria-label="CAS reference 35">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 35" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=ZnO%2Fmontmorillonite%20for%20photocatalytic%20and%20photochemical%20degradation%20of%20methylene%20blue&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2011.05.001&volume=53&issue=4&pages=553-560&publication_year=2011&author=Fatimah%2CI&author=Wang%2CS&author=Wulandari%2CD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR36">Fatimah, I., Wijaya, K., & Narsito. (2015). Microwave assisted preparation of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Al-pillared saponite for photocatalytic phenol photooxidation in aqueous solution. <i>Arabian Journal of Chemistry</i>, <i>8</i>(2), 228–232. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.08.004" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.08.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.08.004</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR37">Freitas, W. A., Soares, B. E. C. F., Rodrigues, M. S., Trigueiro, P., Honorio, L. M. C., Peña-Garcia, R., et al. (2022a). Facile synthesis of ZnO-clay minerals composites using an ultrasonic approach for photocatalytic performance. <i>Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry,</i> <i>429</i>, 113934. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113934" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113934">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113934</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113934" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113934" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jphotochem.2022.113934" aria-label="Article reference 37" data-doi="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113934">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XotlKht7k%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 37">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 37" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Facile%20synthesis%20of%20ZnO-clay%20minerals%20composites%20using%20an%20ultrasonic%20approach%20for%20photocatalytic%20performance&journal=Journal%20of%20Photochemistry%20and%20Photobiology%20A%3A%20Chemistry&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jphotochem.2022.113934&volume=429&publication_year=2022&author=Freitas%2CWA&author=Soares%2CBECF&author=Rodrigues%2CMS&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Honorio%2CLMC&author=Pe%C3%B1a-Garcia%2CR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR38">Freitas, W., Trigueiro, P., Marinho, T., Honorio, L. M., Silva-Filho, E. C., Furtini, M. B., et al. (2022b). The role of clay mineral-derived photocatalysts in insights of remediation. <i>Ceramics,</i> <i>5</i>(4), 862–882. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics5040063" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/ceramics5040063">https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics5040063</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3390/ceramics5040063" data-track-item_id="10.3390/ceramics5040063" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fceramics5040063" aria-label="Article reference 38" data-doi="10.3390/ceramics5040063">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXmt1Ggtg%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 38">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 38" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20role%20of%20clay%20mineral-derived%20photocatalysts%20in%20insights%20of%20remediation&journal=Ceramics&doi=10.3390%2Fceramics5040063&volume=5&issue=4&pages=862-882&publication_year=2022&author=Freitas%2CW&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Marinho%2CT&author=Honorio%2CLM&author=Silva-Filho%2CEC&author=Furtini%2CMB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR39">Ha, L. P. P., Vinh, T. H. T., Thuy, N. T. B., Thi, C. M., & Viet, P. V. (2021). Visible-light-driven photocatalysis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles decorated on ZnO nanorods: Synthesis and characterizations. <i>Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,</i> <i>9</i>(2), 105103. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105103" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jece.2021.105103">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105103</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jece.2021.105103" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jece.2021.105103" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jece.2021.105103" aria-label="Article reference 39" data-doi="10.1016/j.jece.2021.105103">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitFWntLw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 39">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 39" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Visible-light-driven%20photocatalysis%20of%20anisotropic%20silver%20nanoparticles%20decorated%20on%20ZnO%20nanorods%3A%20Synthesis%20and%20characterizations&journal=Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Chemical%20Engineering&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jece.2021.105103&volume=9&issue=2&publication_year=2021&author=Ha%2CLPP&author=Vinh%2CTHT&author=Thuy%2CNTB&author=Thi%2CCM&author=Viet%2CPV"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR40">Honorio, L. M. C., de Oliveira, A. L. M., da Silva Filho, E. C., Osajima, J. A., Hakki, A., Macphee, D. E., & dos Santos, I. M. G. (2020). Supporting the photocatalysts on ZrO<sub>2</sub>: An effective way to enhance the photocatalytic activity of SrSnO<sub>3</sub>. <i>Applied Surface Science,</i> <i>528</i>(June), 146991. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146991" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146991">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146991</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146991" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146991" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apsusc.2020.146991" aria-label="Article reference 40" data-doi="10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146991">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht1yqsrzI" aria-label="CAS reference 40">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 40" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Supporting%20the%20photocatalysts%20on%20ZrO2%3A%20An%20effective%20way%20to%20enhance%20the%20photocatalytic%20activity%20of%20SrSnO3&journal=Applied%20Surface%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.apsusc.2020.146991&volume=528&issue=June&publication_year=2020&author=Honorio%2CLMC&author=Oliveira%2CALM&author=Silva%20Filho%2CEC&author=Osajima%2CJA&author=Hakki%2CA&author=Macphee%2CDE&author=Santos%2CIMG"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR41">Husain, A., Ansari, K., Mahajan, D. K., Kandasamy, M., Ansari, M. N. M., Giri, J., & Al-Lohedan, H. A. (2024). Harnessing sustainable N-doped activated carbon from walnut shells for advanced all-solid-state supercapacitors and targeted Rhodamine B dye adsorption. <i>Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices</i>, <i>9</i>(2). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100699" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100699">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100699</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR42">Khumchoo, N., Khaorapapong, N., & Ogawa, M. (2015). Formation of zinc oxide particles in cetyltrimethylammonium-smectites. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>105–106</i>, 236–242. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.01.001" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2015.01.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.01.001</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2015.01.001" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2015.01.001" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2015.01.001" aria-label="Article reference 42" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2015.01.001">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXmtFersg%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 42">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 42" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Formation%20of%20zinc%20oxide%20particles%20in%20cetyltrimethylammonium-smectites&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2015.01.001&volume=105%E2%80%93106&pages=236-242&publication_year=2015&author=Khumchoo%2CN&author=Khaorapapong%2CN&author=Ogawa%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR43">Khumchoo, N., Khaorapapong, N., Ontam, A., Intachai, S., & Ogawa, M. (2016). Efficient photodegradation of organics in acidic solution by ZnO–smectite hybrids. <i>European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,</i> <i>2016</i>(19), 3157–3162. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201600252" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1002/ejic.201600252">https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201600252</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/ejic.201600252" data-track-item_id="10.1002/ejic.201600252" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fejic.201600252" aria-label="Article reference 43" data-doi="10.1002/ejic.201600252">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XoslaltLw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 43">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 43" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Efficient%20photodegradation%20of%20organics%20in%20acidic%20solution%20by%20ZnO%E2%80%93smectite%20hybrids&journal=European%20Journal%20of%20Inorganic%20Chemistry&doi=10.1002%2Fejic.201600252&volume=2016&issue=19&pages=3157-3162&publication_year=2016&author=Khumchoo%2CN&author=Khaorapapong%2CN&author=Ontam%2CA&author=Intachai%2CS&author=Ogawa%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR44">Koysuren, O., & Koysuren, H. N. (2022). Preparation and activity evaluation of B4C/ZnO composite photocatalyst. <i>Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,</i> <i>103</i>(1), 172–184. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05797-x" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1007/s10971-022-05797-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05797-x</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10971-022-05797-x" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10971-022-05797-x" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10971-022-05797-x" aria-label="Article reference 44" data-doi="10.1007/s10971-022-05797-x">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhtVyju7%2FK" aria-label="CAS reference 44">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 44" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Preparation%20and%20activity%20evaluation%20of%20B4C%2FZnO%20composite%20photocatalyst&journal=Journal%20of%20Sol-Gel%20Science%20and%20Technology&doi=10.1007%2Fs10971-022-05797-x&volume=103&issue=1&pages=172-184&publication_year=2022&author=Koysuren%2CO&author=Koysuren%2CHN"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR45">Kumaresan, S., Pawar, R. R., Kevadiya, B. D., & Bajaj, H. C. (2019). Synthesis of saponite based nanocomposites to improve the controlled oral drug release of model drug quinine hydrochloride dihydrate. <i>Pharmaceuticals</i>, <i>12</i>(3). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ph12030105" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/ph12030105">https://doi.org/10.3390/ph12030105</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR46">Laysandra, L., Sari, M. W. M. K., Soetaredjo, F. E., Foe, K., Putro, J. N., Kurniawan, A., et al. (2017). Adsorption and photocatalytic performance of bentonite-titanium dioxide composites for methylene blue and rhodamine B decoloration. <i>Heliyon,</i> <i>3</i>(12), e00488. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00488" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00488">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00488</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00488" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00488" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.heliyon.2017.e00488" aria-label="Article reference 46" data-doi="10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00488">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 46" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Adsorption%20and%20photocatalytic%20performance%20of%20bentonite-titanium%20dioxide%20composites%20for%20methylene%20blue%20and%20rhodamine%20B%20decoloration&journal=Heliyon&doi=10.1016%2Fj.heliyon.2017.e00488&volume=3&issue=12&publication_year=2017&author=Laysandra%2CL&author=Sari%2CMWMK&author=Soetaredjo%2CFE&author=Foe%2CK&author=Putro%2CJN&author=Kurniawan%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR47">Lima, L. C. B., Silva, F. C., Silva-Filho, E. C., Fonseca, M. G., Zhuang, G., & Jaber, M. (2020). Saponite-anthocyanin derivatives: The role of organoclays in pigment photostability. <i>Applied Clay Science</i>, <i>191</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105604" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2020.105604">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105604</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR48">Lopes, J. da S., Rodrigues, W. V., Oliveira, V. V., Braga, A. do N. S., da Silva, R. T., França, A. A. C., et al. (2019). Modification of kaolinite from Pará/Brazil region applied in the anionic dye photocatalytic discoloration. <i>Applied Clay Science</i>, <i>168</i>(November 2018), 295–303. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.11.028" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2018.11.028">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.11.028</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR49">Ma, W., Wang, N., Li, S., Cao, K., & Yan, Y. (2018). Synthesis and properties of B-Ni–TiO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst for degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) under visible light irradiation. <i>Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics,</i> <i>29</i>(16), 13957–13969. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9529-7" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1007/s10854-018-9529-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9529-7</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10854-018-9529-7" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10854-018-9529-7" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10854-018-9529-7" aria-label="Article reference 49" data-doi="10.1007/s10854-018-9529-7">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXht1Knu73P" aria-label="CAS reference 49">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 49" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Synthesis%20and%20properties%20of%20B-Ni%E2%80%93TiO2%2Fg-C3N4%20photocatalyst%20for%20degradation%20of%20chloramphenicol%20%28CAP%29%20under%20visible%20light%20irradiation&journal=Journal%20of%20Materials%20Science%3A%20Materials%20in%20Electronics&doi=10.1007%2Fs10854-018-9529-7&volume=29&issue=16&pages=13957-13969&publication_year=2018&author=Ma%2CW&author=Wang%2CN&author=Li%2CS&author=Cao%2CK&author=Yan%2CY"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR50">Madejová, J., Gates, W. P., & Petit, S. (2017a). IR Spectra of Clay Minerals. In <i>Developments in Clay Science</i> (Vol. 8, pp. 107–149). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100355-8.00005-9" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/B978-0-08-100355-8.00005-9">https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100355-8.00005-9</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR51">Mahanta, U., Khandelwal, M., & Deshpande, A. S. (2022). TiO<sub>2</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles for methylene blue removal and photocatalytic degradation under natural sunlight and low-power UV light. <i>Applied Surface Science,</i> <i>576</i>, 151745. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151745" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151745">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151745</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151745" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151745" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apsusc.2021.151745" aria-label="Article reference 51" data-doi="10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151745">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXisFWiu7rJ" aria-label="CAS reference 51">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 51" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=TiO2%40SiO2%20nanoparticles%20for%20methylene%20blue%20removal%20and%20photocatalytic%20degradation%20under%20natural%20sunlight%20and%20low-power%20UV%20light&journal=Applied%20Surface%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.apsusc.2021.151745&volume=576&publication_year=2022&author=Mahanta%2CU&author=Khandelwal%2CM&author=Deshpande%2CAS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR52">Mahy, J. G., Mbognou, M. H. T., Léonard, C., Fagel, N., Woumfo, E. D., & Lambert, S. D. (2022). Natural clay modified with ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub> to enhance pollutant removal from water. <i>Catalysts</i>, <i>12</i>(2). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020148" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/catal12020148">https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020148</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR53">Miranda, M. O., Viana, B. C., Honório, L. M., Trigueiro, P., Fonseca, M. G., Franco, F., et al. (2020). Oxide-clay mineral as photoactive material for dye discoloration. <i>Minerals,</i> <i>10</i>(2), 132. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/min10020132" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/min10020132">https://doi.org/10.3390/min10020132</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3390/min10020132" data-track-item_id="10.3390/min10020132" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmin10020132" aria-label="Article reference 53" data-doi="10.3390/min10020132">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlSns7%2FN" aria-label="CAS reference 53">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 53" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Oxide-clay%20mineral%20as%20photoactive%20material%20for%20dye%20discoloration&journal=Minerals&doi=10.3390%2Fmin10020132&volume=10&issue=2&publication_year=2020&author=Miranda%2CMO&author=Viana%2CBC&author=Hon%C3%B3rio%2CLM&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Fonseca%2CMG&author=Franco%2CF"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR54">Moles, S., Ormad, M. P., Gomez, J., Szpunar, J., Bolea, E., & Mosteo, R. (2024). Pilot plant approach combining photocatalysis and adsorption for antibiotics removal from slaughterhouse and urban wastewater treatment plant effluents. <i>Environmental Technology and Innovation,</i> <i>34</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103586" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.eti.2024.103586">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103586</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR55">Nikolopoulou, A., Papoulis, D., Komarneni, S., & Tsolis-katagas, P. (2009). Applied Clay Science Solvothermal preparation of TiO<sub>2</sub>/saponite nanocomposites and photocatalytic activity. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>46</i>(4), 363–368. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.007" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.007</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.007" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.007" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2009.09.007" aria-label="Article reference 55" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.007">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVGntrbK" aria-label="CAS reference 55">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 55" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Applied%20Clay%20Science%20Solvothermal%20preparation%20of%20TiO2%2Fsaponite%20nanocomposites%20and%20photocatalytic%20activity&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2009.09.007&volume=46&issue=4&pages=363-368&publication_year=2009&author=Nikolopoulou%2CA&author=Papoulis%2CD&author=Komarneni%2CS&author=Tsolis-katagas%2CP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR56">Nyakairu, G. W. A., Kapanga, P. M., Ntale, M., Lusamba, S. N., Tshimanga, R. M., Ammari, A., & Shehu, Z. (2024). Synthesis, characterization and application of Zeolite/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite in removal of Rhodamine B dye from wastewater. <i>Cleaner Water,</i> <i>1</i>, 100004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100004" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100004</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100004" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100004" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clwat.2024.100004" aria-label="Article reference 56" data-doi="10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100004">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 56" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Synthesis%2C%20characterization%20and%20application%20of%20Zeolite%2FBi2O3%20nanocomposite%20in%20removal%20of%20Rhodamine%20B%20dye%20from%20wastewater&journal=Cleaner%20Water&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clwat.2024.100004&volume=1&publication_year=2024&author=Nyakairu%2CGWA&author=Kapanga%2CPM&author=Ntale%2CM&author=Lusamba%2CSN&author=Tshimanga%2CRM&author=Ammari%2CA&author=Shehu%2CZ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR57">de Oliveira, W. V., Morais, A. Í. S., Honorio, L. M. C., Trigueiro, P. A., Almeida, L. C., Garcia, R. R. P., et al. (2020). TiO<sub>2</sub> immobilized on fibrous clay as strategies to photocatalytic activity. <i>Materials Research,</i> <i>23</i>(1), 1–10. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0463" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0463">https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0463</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0463" data-track-item_id="10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0463" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1980-5373-mr-2019-0463" aria-label="Article reference 57" data-doi="10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0463">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtl2mtrvM" aria-label="CAS reference 57">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 57" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=TiO2%20immobilized%20on%20fibrous%20clay%20as%20strategies%20to%20photocatalytic%20activity&journal=Materials%20Research&doi=10.1590%2F1980-5373-mr-2019-0463&volume=23&issue=1&pages=1-10&publication_year=2020&author=Oliveira%2CWV&author=Morais%2CA%C3%8DS&author=Honorio%2CLMC&author=Trigueiro%2CPA&author=Almeida%2CLC&author=Garcia%2CRRP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR58">Oliveira, L. H., de Lima, I. S., Neta, E. R. D. S., de Lima, S. G., Trigueiro, P., Osajima, J. A., et al. (2023). Essential oil in bentonite: Effect of organofunctionalization on antibacterial activities. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>245</i>, 107158. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2023.107158" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2023.107158">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2023.107158</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2023.107158" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2023.107158" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2023.107158" aria-label="Article reference 58" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2023.107158">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXitFWku7bL" aria-label="CAS reference 58">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 58" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Essential%20oil%20in%20bentonite%3A%20Effect%20of%20organofunctionalization%20on%20antibacterial%20activities&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2023.107158&volume=245&publication_year=2023&author=Oliveira%2CLH&author=Lima%2CIS&author=Neta%2CERDS&author=Lima%2CSG&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Osajima%2CJA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR59">Osajima, J. A., Sá, A. S., Honorio, L. M. C., Trigueiro, P., Pinto, L. I. F., Oliveira, J. A., et al. (2021). Au@Ag bimetallic nanoparticles deposited on palygorskite in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> for enhanced photodegradation activity through synergistic effect. <i>Environmental Science and Pollution Research</i>, (class II). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11807-8" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1007/s11356-020-11807-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11807-8</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR60">Ouachtak, H., El Guerdaoui, A., Haounati, R., Akhouairi, S., El Haouti, R., Hafid, N., et al. (2021). Highly efficient and fast batch adsorption of orange G dye from polluted water using superb organo-montmorillonite: Experimental study and molecular dynamics investigation. <i>Journal of Molecular Liquids,</i> <i>335</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116560" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116560">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116560</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR61">Pavithra, S., Bessy, T. C., Bindhu, M. R., Venkatesan, R., Parimaladevi, R., Alam, M. M., et al. (2023). Photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications of green synthesized titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles by Calotropis gigantea extract. <i>Journal of Alloys and Compounds,</i> <i>960</i>, 170638. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170638" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170638">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170638</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170638" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170638" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2023.170638" aria-label="Article reference 61" data-doi="10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170638">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhtFSitL7M" aria-label="CAS reference 61">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 61" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Photocatalytic%20and%20photovoltaic%20applications%20of%20green%20synthesized%20titanium%20oxide%20%28TiO2%29%20nanoparticles%20by%20Calotropis%20gigantea%20extract&journal=Journal%20of%20Alloys%20and%20Compounds&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2023.170638&volume=960&publication_year=2023&author=Pavithra%2CS&author=Bessy%2CTC&author=Bindhu%2CMR&author=Venkatesan%2CR&author=Parimaladevi%2CR&author=Alam%2CMM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR62">Pawar, R. R., Chuaicham, C., Sekar, K., Rajendran, S., & Sasaki, K. (2022). Synthesis, characterization, and application of MOF@clay composite as a visible light-driven photocatalyst for Rhodamine B degradation. <i>Chemosphere,</i> <i>291</i>(P2), 132922. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132922" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132922">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132922</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132922" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132922" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2021.132922" aria-label="Article reference 62" data-doi="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132922">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXisFOhsb3I" aria-label="CAS reference 62">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 62" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Synthesis%2C%20characterization%2C%20and%20application%20of%20MOF%40clay%20composite%20as%20a%20visible%20light-driven%20photocatalyst%20for%20Rhodamine%20B%20degradation&journal=Chemosphere&doi=10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2021.132922&volume=291&issue=P2&publication_year=2022&author=Pawar%2CRR&author=Chuaicham%2CC&author=Sekar%2CK&author=Rajendran%2CS&author=Sasaki%2CK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR63">Qutub, N., Singh, P., Sabir, S., Sagadevan, S., & Oh, W.-C. (2022). Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of acid blue dye using CdS/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite. <i>Scientific Reports,</i> <i>12</i>(1), 1–18. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09479-0" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1038/s41598-022-09479-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09479-0</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1038/s41598-022-09479-0" data-track-item_id="10.1038/s41598-022-09479-0" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-022-09479-0" aria-label="Article reference 63" data-doi="10.1038/s41598-022-09479-0">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xpt1WktL0%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 63">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 63" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Enhanced%20photocatalytic%20degradation%20of%20acid%20blue%20dye%20using%20CdS%2FTiO2%20nanocomposite&journal=Scientific%20Reports&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-022-09479-0&volume=12&issue=1&pages=1-18&publication_year=2022&author=Qutub%2CN&author=Singh%2CP&author=Sabir%2CS&author=Sagadevan%2CS&author=Oh%2CW-C"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR64">Rati, Y., Hendri, Y. N., Waluyo, R., Zendrato, F., Rini, A. S., Marlina, R., et al. (2023). Visible light assisted degradation of Rhodamin B by reusable S-doped ZnO thin film photocatalyst. <i>Optical Materials</i>, <i>135</i>(December 2022), 113370. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113370" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113370">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113370</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR65">Rauf, M. A., Meetani, M. A., & Hisaindee, S. (2011). An overview on the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> doped with selective transition metals. <i>Desalination,</i> <i>276</i>(1–3), 13–27. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.desal.2011.03.071" aria-label="Article reference 65" data-doi="10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXnvFOmu7k%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 65">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 65" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=An%20overview%20on%20the%20photocatalytic%20degradation%20of%20azo%20dyes%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20TiO2%20doped%20with%20selective%20transition%20metals&journal=Desalination&doi=10.1016%2Fj.desal.2011.03.071&volume=276&issue=1%E2%80%933&pages=13-27&publication_year=2011&author=Rauf%2CMA&author=Meetani%2CMA&author=Hisaindee%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR66">Ren, H.-T., Cao, W.-B., Qin, J., Cai, C.-C., Li, D.-S., Li, T.-T., et al. (2024). Enhanced removal of tetracycline by sandwich layer composite membrane based on the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and adsorption. <i>Separation and Purification Technology,</i> <i>341</i>, 126910. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126910" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126910">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126910</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126910" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126910" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.seppur.2024.126910" aria-label="Article reference 66" data-doi="10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126910">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXkslansbw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 66">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 66" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Enhanced%20removal%20of%20tetracycline%20by%20sandwich%20layer%20composite%20membrane%20based%20on%20the%20synergistic%20effect%20of%20photocatalysis%20and%20adsorption&journal=Separation%20and%20Purification%20Technology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.seppur.2024.126910&volume=341&publication_year=2024&author=Ren%2CH-T&author=Cao%2CW-B&author=Qin%2CJ&author=Cai%2CC-C&author=Li%2CD-S&author=Li%2CT-T"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR67">Renuga Devi, L., & Meenakshi Sundar, S. (2023). Investigation on structural, photoluminescence, and magnetic behavior of Mn–ZnO nanoparticles via solvothermal route. <i>Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 100</i>(7). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2023.101036" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jics.2023.101036">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2023.101036</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR68">Reza, K. M., Kurny, A., & Gulshan, F. (2017). Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO<sub>2</sub>: A review. <i>Applied Water Science,</i> <i>7</i>(4), 1569–1578. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y" aria-label="Article reference 68" data-doi="10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXitVGhu7zM" aria-label="CAS reference 68">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 68" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Parameters%20affecting%20the%20photocatalytic%20degradation%20of%20dyes%20using%20TiO2%3A%20A%20review&journal=Applied%20Water%20Science&doi=10.1007%2Fs13201-015-0367-y&volume=7&issue=4&pages=1569-1578&publication_year=2017&author=Reza%2CKM&author=Kurny%2CA&author=Gulshan%2CF"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR69">Rocha, M., Araujo, F. P., Castro-Lopes, S., de Lima, I. S., Silva-Filho, E. C., Osajima, J. A., et al. (2023). Synthesis of Fe–Pr co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: Structural, optical and antibacterial properties. <i>Ceramics International,</i> <i>49</i>(2), 2282–2295. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.196" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.196">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.196</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.196" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.196" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ceramint.2022.09.196" aria-label="Article reference 69" data-doi="10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.196">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisVOhsLfO" aria-label="CAS reference 69">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 69" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Synthesis%20of%20Fe%E2%80%93Pr%20co-doped%20ZnO%20nanoparticles%3A%20Structural%2C%20optical%20and%20antibacterial%20properties&journal=Ceramics%20International&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ceramint.2022.09.196&volume=49&issue=2&pages=2282-2295&publication_year=2023&author=Rocha%2CM&author=Araujo%2CFP&author=Castro-Lopes%2CS&author=Lima%2CIS&author=Silva-Filho%2CEC&author=Osajima%2CJA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR70">Rocha, R. L. P., Honorio, L. M. C., Bezerra, R. D. D. S., Trigueiro, P., Duarte, T. M., Fonseca, M. G., et al. (2022). Light-activated hydroxyapatite photocatalysts: New environmentally-friendly materials to mitigate pollutants. <i>Minerals,</i> <i>12</i>(5), 525. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/min12050525" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/min12050525">https://doi.org/10.3390/min12050525</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3390/min12050525" data-track-item_id="10.3390/min12050525" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmin12050525" aria-label="Article reference 70" data-doi="10.3390/min12050525">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhsV2qsb3K" aria-label="CAS reference 70">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 70" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Light-activated%20hydroxyapatite%20photocatalysts%3A%20New%20environmentally-friendly%20materials%20to%20mitigate%20pollutants&journal=Minerals&doi=10.3390%2Fmin12050525&volume=12&issue=5&publication_year=2022&author=Rocha%2CRLP&author=Honorio%2CLMC&author=Bezerra%2CRDDS&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Duarte%2CTM&author=Fonseca%2CMG"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR71">Rubio-Clemente, A., Gutiérrez, J., Henao, H., Melo, A. M., Pérez, J. F., & Chica, E. (2021). Adsorption capacity of the biochar obtained from Pinus patula wood micro-gasification for the treatment of polluted water containing malachite green dye. <i>Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences,</i> <i>36</i>(7), 431–441. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2021.07.006" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jksues.2021.07.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2021.07.006</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jksues.2021.07.006" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jksues.2021.07.006" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jksues.2021.07.006" aria-label="Article reference 71" data-doi="10.1016/j.jksues.2021.07.006">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 71" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Adsorption%20capacity%20of%20the%20biochar%20obtained%20from%20Pinus%20patula%20wood%20micro-gasification%20for%20the%20treatment%20of%20polluted%20water%20containing%20malachite%20green%20dye&journal=Journal%20of%20King%20Saud%20University%20-%20Engineering%20Sciences&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jksues.2021.07.006&volume=36&issue=7&pages=431-441&publication_year=2021&author=Rubio-Clemente%2CA&author=Guti%C3%A9rrez%2CJ&author=Henao%2CH&author=Melo%2CAM&author=P%C3%A9rez%2CJF&author=Chica%2CE"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR72">Ruiz-hitzky, E., Aranda, P., Akkari, M., Khaorapapong, N., & Ogawa, M. (2019). Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO nanoparticles. <i>Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology,</i> <i>10</i>(1), 1140–1156. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.114" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3762/bjnano.10.114">https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.114</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3762/bjnano.10.114" data-track-item_id="10.3762/bjnano.10.114" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3762%2Fbjnano.10.114" aria-label="Article reference 72" data-doi="10.3762/bjnano.10.114">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXht1eitLbF" aria-label="CAS reference 72">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 72" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Photoactive%20nanoarchitectures%20based%20on%20clays%20incorporating%20TiO2%20and%20ZnO%20nanoparticles&journal=Beilstein%20Journal%20of%20Nanotechnology&doi=10.3762%2Fbjnano.10.114&volume=10&issue=1&pages=1140-1156&publication_year=2019&author=Ruiz-hitzky%2CE&author=Aranda%2CP&author=Akkari%2CM&author=Khaorapapong%2CN&author=Ogawa%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR73">Sá, A. S., Feitosa, R. P., Honório, L., Peña-Garcia, R., Almeida, L. C., Dias, J. S., et al. (2021). A brief photocatalytic study of zno-containing cerium towards ibuprofen degradation. <i>Materials,</i> <i>14</i>(19), 5891. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195891" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/ma14195891">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195891</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3390/ma14195891" data-track-item_id="10.3390/ma14195891" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fma14195891" aria-label="Article reference 73" data-doi="10.3390/ma14195891">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXit1Cis7fM" aria-label="CAS reference 73">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 73" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20brief%20photocatalytic%20study%20of%20zno-containing%20cerium%20towards%20ibuprofen%20degradation&journal=Materials&doi=10.3390%2Fma14195891&volume=14&issue=19&publication_year=2021&author=S%C3%A1%2CAS&author=Feitosa%2CRP&author=Hon%C3%B3rio%2CL&author=Pe%C3%B1a-Garcia%2CR&author=Almeida%2CLC&author=Dias%2CJS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR74">Samuel, J., Franklin Rajesh, T. S., Biju, C. S., Sahaya Jude Dhas, S., & Usharani, S. (2023). Synthesis, structural, photoluminescence, ultraviolet blocking and antibacterial performances of Ba-doped ZnO nanostructures. <i>Results in Optics</i>, <i>12</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2023.100482" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.rio.2023.100482">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2023.100482</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR75">Sasikala, S. P., Nibila, T. A., Babitha, K. B., Peer Mohamed, A. A., & Solaiappan, A. (2019). Competitive photodegradation performance of ZnO modified bentonite clay in water containing both organic and inorganic contaminants. <i>Sustainable Environment Research,</i> <i>1</i>(1), 1–12. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-019-0001-z" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1186/s42834-019-0001-z">https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-019-0001-z</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1186/s42834-019-0001-z" data-track-item_id="10.1186/s42834-019-0001-z" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1186/s42834-019-0001-z" aria-label="Article reference 75" data-doi="10.1186/s42834-019-0001-z">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmvFWisrc%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 75">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 75" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Competitive%20photodegradation%20performance%20of%20ZnO%20modified%20bentonite%20clay%20in%20water%20containing%20both%20organic%20and%20inorganic%20contaminants&journal=Sustainable%20Environment%20Research&doi=10.1186%2Fs42834-019-0001-z&volume=1&issue=1&pages=1-12&publication_year=2019&author=Sasikala%2CSP&author=Nibila%2CTA&author=Babitha%2CKB&author=Peer%20Mohamed%2CAA&author=Solaiappan%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR76">Selvinsimpson, S., Eva Gnana Dhana Rani, S., Ganesh Kumar, A., Rajaram, R., Sharmila Lydia, I., & Chen, Y. (2021). Photocatalytic activity of SnO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites and the toxicity assessment of Vigna radiata, Artemia salina and Danio rerio in the photodegraded solution. <i>Environmental Research</i>, <i>195</i>(December 2020), 110787. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110787" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.envres.2021.110787">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110787</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR77">Si, Y., Chen, Y., Fu, Y., Zhang, X., Zuo, F., Zhang, T., & Yan, Q. (2020). Hierarchical self-assembly of graphene-bridged on AgIO3/BiVO4: An efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst with enhanced photodegradation of organic pollutant under visible light. <i>Journal of Alloys and Compounds,</i> <i>831</i>, 154820. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154820" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154820">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154820</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154820" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154820" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2020.154820" aria-label="Article reference 77" data-doi="10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154820">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmtFyjt7w%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 77">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 77" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Hierarchical%20self-assembly%20of%20graphene-bridged%20on%20AgIO3%2FBiVO4%3A%20An%20efficient%20heterogeneous%20photocatalyst%20with%20enhanced%20photodegradation%20of%20organic%20pollutant%20under%20visible%20light&journal=Journal%20of%20Alloys%20and%20Compounds&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2020.154820&volume=831&publication_year=2020&author=Si%2CY&author=Chen%2CY&author=Fu%2CY&author=Zhang%2CX&author=Zuo%2CF&author=Zhang%2CT&author=Yan%2CQ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR78">Sprynskyy, M., Sokol, H., Rafińska, K., Brzozowska, W., Railean-Plugaru, V., Pomastowski, P., & Buszewski, B. (2019). Preparation of AgNPs/saponite nanocomposites without reduction agents and study of its antibacterial activity. <i>Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces,</i> <i>180</i>(April), 457–465. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.066" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.066">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.066</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.066" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.066" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.colsurfb.2019.04.066" aria-label="Article reference 78" data-doi="10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.066">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXps1Cltr4%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 78">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 78" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Preparation%20of%20AgNPs%2Fsaponite%20nanocomposites%20without%20reduction%20agents%20and%20study%20of%20its%20antibacterial%20activity&journal=Colloids%20and%20Surfaces%20B%3A%20Biointerfaces&doi=10.1016%2Fj.colsurfb.2019.04.066&volume=180&issue=April&pages=457-465&publication_year=2019&author=Sprynskyy%2CM&author=Sokol%2CH&author=Rafi%C5%84ska%2CK&author=Brzozowska%2CW&author=Railean-Plugaru%2CV&author=Pomastowski%2CP&author=Buszewski%2CB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR79">Tangaraj, V., Janot, J., Jaber, M., Bechelany, M., & Balme, S. (2017). Adsorption and photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes over montmorillonite and saponite modified by surfactant. <i>Chemosphere</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.126" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.126">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.126</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.126" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.126" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2017.06.126" aria-label="Article reference 79" data-doi="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.126">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 79" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Adsorption%20and%20photophysical%20properties%20of%20fluorescent%20dyes%20over%20montmorillonite%20and%20saponite%20modified%20by%20surfactant&journal=Chemosphere&doi=10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2017.06.126&publication_year=2017&author=Tangaraj%2CV&author=Janot%2CJ&author=Jaber%2CM&author=Bechelany%2CM&author=Balme%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR80">Teixeira, A. R. F. A., de Meireles Neris, A., Longo, E., de Carvalho Filho, J. R., Hakki, A., Macphee, D., & dos Santos, I. M. G. (2019). SrSnO<sub>3</sub> perovskite obtained by the modified Pechini method—Insights about its photocatalytic activity. <i>Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry</i>, <i>369</i>(September 2018), 181–188. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.028" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.028">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.028</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR81">Tekin, D., Birhan, D., & Kiziltas, H. (2020). Thermal, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties of calcinated nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>/polymer composites. <i>Materials Chemistry and Physics,</i> <i>251</i>, 123067. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123067" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123067">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123067</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123067" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123067" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.matchemphys.2020.123067" aria-label="Article reference 81" data-doi="10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123067">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXot1Ggtr8%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 81">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 81" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Thermal%2C%20photocatalytic%2C%20and%20antibacterial%20properties%20of%20calcinated%20nano-TiO2%2Fpolymer%20composites&journal=Materials%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics&doi=10.1016%2Fj.matchemphys.2020.123067&volume=251&publication_year=2020&author=Tekin%2CD&author=Birhan%2CD&author=Kiziltas%2CH"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR82">Torkian, N., Bahrami, A., Hosseini-Abari, A., Momeni, M. M., Abdolkarimi-Mahabadi, M., Bayat, A., et al. (2022). Synthesis and characterization of Ag-ion-exchanged zeolite/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites for antibacterial applications and photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. <i>Environmental Research,</i> <i>207</i>, 112157. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112157" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.envres.2021.112157">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112157</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.envres.2021.112157" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.envres.2021.112157" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2021.112157" aria-label="Article reference 82" data-doi="10.1016/j.envres.2021.112157">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXit1WjtrfF" aria-label="CAS reference 82">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 82" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Synthesis%20and%20characterization%20of%20Ag-ion-exchanged%20zeolite%2FTiO2%20nanocomposites%20for%20antibacterial%20applications%20and%20photocatalytic%20degradation%20of%20antibiotics&journal=Environmental%20Research&doi=10.1016%2Fj.envres.2021.112157&volume=207&publication_year=2022&author=Torkian%2CN&author=Bahrami%2CA&author=Hosseini-Abari%2CA&author=Momeni%2CMM&author=Abdolkarimi-Mahabadi%2CM&author=Bayat%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR83">Trigueiro, P., Pedetti, S., Rigaud, B., Balme, S., Janot, J.M.J.-M., dos Santos, I. M. G. I. M. G., et al. (2018a). Going through the wine fining: Intimate dialogue between organics and clays. <i>Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces,</i> <i>166</i>, 79–88. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.060" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.060">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.060</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.060" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.060" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.colsurfb.2018.02.060" aria-label="Article reference 83" data-doi="10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.060">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXks12jurg%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 83">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 83" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Going%20through%20the%20wine%20fining%3A%20Intimate%20dialogue%20between%20organics%20and%20clays&journal=Colloids%20and%20Surfaces%20B%3A%20Biointerfaces&doi=10.1016%2Fj.colsurfb.2018.02.060&volume=166&pages=79-88&publication_year=2018&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Pedetti%2CS&author=Rigaud%2CB&author=Balme%2CS&author=Janot%2CJMJ-M&author=Santos%2CIMGIMG"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR84">Trigueiro, P., Pereira, F. A. R., Guillermin, D., Rigaud, B., Balme, S., Janot, J., et al. (2018b). Dyes and Pigments When anthraquinone dyes meet pillared montmorillonite : Stability or fading upon exposure to light ? <i>Dyes and Pigments,</i> <i>159</i>(June), 384–394. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dyepig.2018.06.046" aria-label="Article reference 84" data-doi="10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXht1yju7nI" aria-label="CAS reference 84">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 84" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Dyes%20and%20Pigments%20When%20anthraquinone%20dyes%20meet%20pillared%20montmorillonite%20%3A%20Stability%20or%20fading%20upon%20exposure%20to%20light%20%3F&journal=Dyes%20and%20Pigments&doi=10.1016%2Fj.dyepig.2018.06.046&volume=159&issue=June&pages=384-394&publication_year=2018&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Pereira%2CFAR&author=Guillermin%2CD&author=Rigaud%2CB&author=Balme%2CS&author=Janot%2CJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR85">Trigueiro, P., Rodrigues, F., Rigaud, B., Balme, S., Janot, J.-M.J.-M., dos Santos, I. M. G. I. M. G., et al. (2018c). When anthraquinone dyes meet pillared montmorillonite: Stability or fading upon exposure to light? <i>Dyes and Pigments,</i> <i>159</i>(June), 384–394. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dyepig.2018.06.046" aria-label="Article reference 85" data-doi="10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.046">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXht1yju7nI" aria-label="CAS reference 85">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 85" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=When%20anthraquinone%20dyes%20meet%20pillared%20montmorillonite%3A%20Stability%20or%20fading%20upon%20exposure%20to%20light%3F&journal=Dyes%20and%20Pigments&doi=10.1016%2Fj.dyepig.2018.06.046&volume=159&issue=June&pages=384-394&publication_year=2018&author=Trigueiro%2CP&author=Rodrigues%2CF&author=Rigaud%2CB&author=Balme%2CS&author=Janot%2CJ-MJ-M&author=Santos%2CIMGIMG"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR86">Trujillano, R., Rico, E., Vicente, M. A., Rives, V., Ciuf, K. J., Cestari, A., et al. (2011). Applied Clay Science Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of saponites and their use as oxidation catalysts. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>53</i>, 326–330. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.005" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.005</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.005" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.005" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2010.12.005" aria-label="Article reference 86" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.005">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXps1SnsL0%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 86">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 86" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Applied%20Clay%20Science%20Rapid%20microwave-assisted%20synthesis%20of%20saponites%20and%20their%20use%20as%20oxidation%20catalysts&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2010.12.005&volume=53&pages=326-330&publication_year=2011&author=Trujillano%2CR&author=Rico%2CE&author=Vicente%2CMA&author=Rives%2CV&author=Ciuf%2CKJ&author=Cestari%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR87">Varjani, S., Kumar, G., & Rene, E. R. (2019). Developments in biochar application for pesticide remediation: Current knowledge and future research directions. <i>Journal of Environmental Management</i>, <i>232</i>(November 2018), 505–513. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.043" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.043">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.043</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR88">Wang, H., Li, X., Zhao, X., Li, C., Song, X., Zhang, P., et al. (2022). A review on heterogeneous photocatalysis for environmental remediation: From semiconductors to modification strategies. <i>Chinese Journal of Catalysis,</i> <i>43</i>(2), 178–214. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4" data-track-item_id="10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1872-2067%2821%2963910-4" aria-label="Article reference 88" data-doi="10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhtlOns7o%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 88">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 88" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20review%20on%20heterogeneous%20photocatalysis%20for%20environmental%20remediation%3A%20From%20semiconductors%20to%20modification%20strategies&journal=Chinese%20Journal%20of%20Catalysis&doi=10.1016%2FS1872-2067%2821%2963910-4&volume=43&issue=2&pages=178-214&publication_year=2022&author=Wang%2CH&author=Li%2CX&author=Zhao%2CX&author=Li%2CC&author=Song%2CX&author=Zhang%2CP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR89">Wang, M., Liang, B., Lin, S., Zhao, Z., He, H., Li, X., & Liang, S. (2024). Construction of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@ZIF-8@BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) heterojunctions toward simultaneous removal of oxytetracycline and Cr(VI) by adsorption-photocatalysis. <i>Applied Surface Science,</i> <i>657</i>, 159791. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159791" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159791">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159791</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159791" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159791" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apsusc.2024.159791" aria-label="Article reference 89" data-doi="10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159791">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXltVGhtb8%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 89">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 89" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Construction%20of%20Fe3O4%40ZIF-8%40BiOX%20%28X%20%3D%20Cl%2C%20Br%2C%20I%29%20heterojunctions%20toward%20simultaneous%20removal%20of%20oxytetracycline%20and%20Cr%28VI%29%20by%20adsorption-photocatalysis&journal=Applied%20Surface%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.apsusc.2024.159791&volume=657&publication_year=2024&author=Wang%2CM&author=Liang%2CB&author=Lin%2CS&author=Zhao%2CZ&author=He%2CH&author=Li%2CX&author=Liang%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR90">Xie, W., Li, Y., Sun, W., Huang, J., Xie, H., & Zhao, X. (2010). Surface modification of ZnO with Ag improves its photocatalytic efficiency and photostability. <i>Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry,</i> <i>216</i>(2–3), 149–155. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.032" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.032">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.032</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.032" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.032" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jphotochem.2010.06.032" aria-label="Article reference 90" data-doi="10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.032">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVCmu7bK" aria-label="CAS reference 90">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 90" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Surface%20modification%20of%20ZnO%20with%20Ag%20improves%20its%20photocatalytic%20efficiency%20and%20photostability&journal=Journal%20of%20Photochemistry%20and%20Photobiology%20A%3A%20Chemistry&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jphotochem.2010.06.032&volume=216&issue=2%E2%80%933&pages=149-155&publication_year=2010&author=Xie%2CW&author=Li%2CY&author=Sun%2CW&author=Huang%2CJ&author=Xie%2CH&author=Zhao%2CX"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR91">Xisto, M. R., Damacena, D. H. L., de Araújo, F. P., Alves, D., Honorio, L. M. C., Peña-Garcia, R., et al. (2024). Biopolymer gellan-gum-based TiO<sub>2</sub>: A green alternative photocatalyst approach for removal of pollutants. <i>Water (Switzerland)</i>, <i>16</i>(2). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020315" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/w16020315">https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020315</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR92">Xu, C., Gu, F. L., & Wu, H. (2017). BiOCl-montmorillonite as a photocatalyst for highly efficient removal of Rhodamine B and Orange G: Importance of the acidity and dissolved oxygen. <i>Applied Clay Science,</i> <i>147</i>(July), 28–35. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.025" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.025">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.025</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.025" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.025" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2017.07.025" aria-label="Article reference 92" data-doi="10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.025">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXht1KhsrrJ" aria-label="CAS reference 92">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 92" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=BiOCl-montmorillonite%20as%20a%20photocatalyst%20for%20highly%20efficient%20removal%20of%20Rhodamine%20B%20and%20Orange%20G%3A%20Importance%20of%20the%20acidity%20and%20dissolved%20oxygen&journal=Applied%20Clay%20Science&doi=10.1016%2Fj.clay.2017.07.025&volume=147&issue=July&pages=28-35&publication_year=2017&author=Xu%2CC&author=Gu%2CFL&author=Wu%2CH"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR93">Xu, D., & Ma, H. (2021). Degradation of rhodamine B in water by ultrasound-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis. <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i>, <i>313</i>(June). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127758" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127758">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127758</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR94">Zhai, B., Zhu, S., Tian, Q., Li, N., Yan, M., & Henderson, M. J. (2022). Aggregated germanium saponite: Removal and retention of polymeric thorium and uranium complexes. <i>Applied Clay Science</i>, <i>216</i>(November 2021), 106382. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2021.106382" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.clay.2021.106382">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2021.106382</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR95">Zheng, P., Pan, Z., Li, H., Bai, B., & Guan, W. (2015). Effect of different type of scavengers on the photocatalytic removal of copper and cyanide in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub>@yeast hybrids. <i>Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics,</i> <i>26</i>(9), 6399–6410. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3229-3" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1007/s10854-015-3229-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3229-3</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10854-015-3229-3" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10854-015-3229-3" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10854-015-3229-3" aria-label="Article reference 95" data-doi="10.1007/s10854-015-3229-3">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXovFOgtL8%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 95">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 95" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effect%20of%20different%20type%20of%20scavengers%20on%20the%20photocatalytic%20removal%20of%20copper%20and%20cyanide%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20TiO2%40yeast%20hybrids&journal=Journal%20of%20Materials%20Science%3A%20Materials%20in%20Electronics&doi=10.1007%2Fs10854-015-3229-3&volume=26&issue=9&pages=6399-6410&publication_year=2015&author=Zheng%2CP&author=Pan%2CZ&author=Li%2CH&author=Bai%2CB&author=Guan%2CW"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR96">Zhong, J., Zhao, Y., Ding, L., Ji, H., Ma, W., Chen, C., & Zhao, J. (2019). Opposite photocatalytic oxidation behaviors of BiOCl and TiO<sub>2</sub>: Direct hole transfer vs. indirect [rad]OH oxidation. <i>Applied Catalysis B: Environmental</i>, <i>241</i>(May 2018), 514–520. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.058" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.058">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.058</a></p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR97">Ziolli, R. L., & Jardim, W. F. (1998). Mecanismo de fotodegradação de compostos orgânicos catalisada por TiO<sub>2</sub>. <i>Quimica Nova,</i> <i>21</i>(3), 319–325. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40421998000300013" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1590/s0100-40421998000300013">https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40421998000300013</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1590/s0100-40421998000300013" data-track-item_id="10.1590/s0100-40421998000300013" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2Fs0100-40421998000300013" aria-label="Article reference 97" data-doi="10.1590/s0100-40421998000300013">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjt1ersLg%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 97">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 97" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Mecanismo%20de%20fotodegrada%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20compostos%20org%C3%A2nicos%20catalisada%20por%20TiO2&journal=Quimica%20Nova&doi=10.1590%2Fs0100-40421998000300013&volume=21&issue=3&pages=319-325&publication_year=1998&author=Ziolli%2CRL&author=Jardim%2CWF"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li></ul><p class="c-article-references__download u-hide-print"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="download citation references" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z?format=refman&flavour=references">Download references<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p></div></div></div></section></div><section data-title="Acknowledgements"><div class="c-article-section" id="Ack1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Ack1">Acknowledgements</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Ack1-content"><p>The authors thank the Coordination Support in Higher Education (CAPES), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Fundación Carolina, and the Foundation of Support to Research of Piauí (FAPEPI) for financial support.</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), UFPI, Teresina-PI, 64049 -550, Brazil</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Dihêgo H. Damaceno, Pollyana Trigueiro, Luciano Clécio Brandão Lima, Luzia M. Honorio, Ramón Peña-Garcia, Marcelo B. Furtini, Yuset Guerra, Edson C. da Silva-Filho & Josy A. Osajima</p></li><li id="Aff2"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Agrarian Sciences, UFPB, Areia-PB, 58397-000, Brazil</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Luzia M. Honorio</p></li><li id="Aff3"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Physics Engineering, UACSA/UFRPE, Cabo de Santo Agostinho-PE, 54518-430, Brazil</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Ramón Peña-Garcia</p></li><li id="Aff4"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Research and Extension Center - Fuel and Materials Laboratory (NPE – LACOM), UFPB, João Pessoa-PB, 58051-970, Brazil</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Maria Gardennia Fonseca</p></li><li id="Aff5"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">LAMS (Laboratoire d’Archéologie Moléculaire Et Structurale), UMR 8220, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Maguy Jaber</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Dih_go_H_-Damaceno-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Dihêgo H. Damaceno</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Dih%C3%AAgo%20H.%20Damaceno" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Dih%C3%AAgo%20H.%20Damaceno" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Dih%C3%AAgo%20H.%20Damaceno%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Pollyana-Trigueiro-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Pollyana Trigueiro</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Pollyana%20Trigueiro" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Pollyana%20Trigueiro" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Pollyana%20Trigueiro%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Luciano_Cl_cio_Brand_o-Lima-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Luciano Clécio Brandão Lima</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Luciano%20Cl%C3%A9cio%20Brand%C3%A3o%20Lima" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Luciano%20Cl%C3%A9cio%20Brand%C3%A3o%20Lima" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Luciano%20Cl%C3%A9cio%20Brand%C3%A3o%20Lima%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Luzia_M_-Honorio-Aff1-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Luzia M. Honorio</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Luzia%20M.%20Honorio" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Luzia%20M.%20Honorio" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Luzia%20M.%20Honorio%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Ram_n-Pe_a_Garcia-Aff1-Aff3"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Ramón Peña-Garcia</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Ram%C3%B3n%20Pe%C3%B1a-Garcia" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Ram%C3%B3n%20Pe%C3%B1a-Garcia" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Ram%C3%B3n%20Pe%C3%B1a-Garcia%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Marcelo_B_-Furtini-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Marcelo B. Furtini</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Marcelo%20B.%20Furtini" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Marcelo%20B.%20Furtini" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Marcelo%20B.%20Furtini%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Yuset-Guerra-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Yuset Guerra</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Yuset%20Guerra" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Yuset%20Guerra" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Yuset%20Guerra%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Maria_Gardennia-Fonseca-Aff4"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Maria Gardennia Fonseca</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Maria%20Gardennia%20Fonseca" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Maria%20Gardennia%20Fonseca" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Maria%20Gardennia%20Fonseca%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Edson_C_-Silva_Filho-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Edson C. da Silva-Filho</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Edson%20C.%20da%20Silva-Filho" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Edson%20C.%20da%20Silva-Filho" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Edson%20C.%20da%20Silva-Filho%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Maguy-Jaber-Aff5"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Maguy Jaber</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Maguy%20Jaber" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Maguy%20Jaber" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Maguy%20Jaber%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Josy_A_-Osajima-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Josy A. Osajima</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Josy%20A.%20Osajima" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Josy%20A.%20Osajima" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Josy%20A.%20Osajima%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li></ol></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="corresponding-author">Corresponding author</h3><p id="corresponding-author-list">Correspondence to <a id="corresp-c1" href="mailto:josyosajima@ufpi.edu.br">Josy A. Osajima</a>.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Ethics declarations"><div class="c-article-section" id="ethics-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="ethics">Ethics declarations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="ethics-content"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="FPar1">Conflict of Interest</h3> <p>The author certifies that there are no conflicts of interest on behalf of all authors. There are no actual or potential conflicts involving the work.</p> </div></div></section><section data-title="Additional information"><div class="c-article-section" id="additional-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="additional-information">Additional information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="additional-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Publisher's Note</h3><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Rights and permissions"><div class="c-article-section" id="rightslink-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="rightslink">Rights and permissions</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="rightslink-content"><p>Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</p><p class="c-article-rights"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="view rights and permissions" data-track-label="link" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=ZnO-Saponite%20Nanocomposite%3A%20Input%20of%20Adsorption%20and%20Photocatalysis%20for%20Removal%20of%20Rhodamine%20B%20Dye&author=Dih%C3%AAgo%20H.%20Damaceno%20et%20al&contentID=10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z&copyright=The%20Author%28s%29%2C%20under%20exclusive%20licence%20to%20Springer%20Nature%20Switzerland%20AG&publication=0049-6979&publicationDate=2024-09-02&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true">Reprints and permissions</a></p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="article-info" data-title="About this article"><div class="c-article-section" id="article-info-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="article-info">About this article</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="article-info-content"><div class="c-bibliographic-information"><div class="u-hide-print c-bibliographic-information__column c-bibliographic-information__column--border"><a data-crossmark="10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z" data-track="click" data-track-action="Click Crossmark" data-track-label="link" data-test="crossmark"><img loading="lazy" width="57" height="81" alt="Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<svg height="81" width="57" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m17.35 35.45 21.3-14.2v-17.03h-21.3" fill="#989898"/><path d="m38.65 35.45-21.3-14.2v-17.03h21.3" fill="#747474"/><path d="m28 .5c-12.98 0-23.5 10.52-23.5 23.5s10.52 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5-10.52 23.5-23.5c0-6.23-2.48-12.21-6.88-16.62-4.41-4.4-10.39-6.88-16.62-6.88zm0 41.25c-9.8 0-17.75-7.95-17.75-17.75s7.95-17.75 17.75-17.75 17.75 7.95 17.75 17.75c0 4.71-1.87 9.22-5.2 12.55s-7.84 5.2-12.55 5.2z" fill="#535353"/><path d="m41 36c-5.81 6.23-15.23 7.45-22.43 2.9-7.21-4.55-10.16-13.57-7.03-21.5l-4.92-3.11c-4.95 10.7-1.19 23.42 8.78 29.71 9.97 6.3 23.07 4.22 30.6-4.86z" fill="#9c9c9c"/><path d="m.2 58.45c0-.75.11-1.42.33-2.01s.52-1.09.91-1.5c.38-.41.83-.73 1.34-.94.51-.22 1.06-.32 1.65-.32.56 0 1.06.11 1.51.35.44.23.81.5 1.1.81l-.91 1.01c-.24-.24-.49-.42-.75-.56-.27-.13-.58-.2-.93-.2-.39 0-.73.08-1.05.23-.31.16-.58.37-.81.66-.23.28-.41.63-.53 1.04-.13.41-.19.88-.19 1.39 0 1.04.23 1.86.68 2.46.45.59 1.06.88 1.84.88.41 0 .77-.07 1.07-.23s.59-.39.85-.68l.91 1c-.38.43-.8.76-1.28.99-.47.22-1 .34-1.58.34-.59 0-1.13-.1-1.64-.31-.5-.2-.94-.51-1.31-.91-.38-.4-.67-.9-.88-1.48-.22-.59-.33-1.26-.33-2.02zm8.4-5.33h1.61v2.54l-.05 1.33c.29-.27.61-.51.96-.72s.76-.31 1.24-.31c.73 0 1.27.23 1.61.71.33.47.5 1.14.5 2.02v4.31h-1.61v-4.1c0-.57-.08-.97-.25-1.21-.17-.23-.45-.35-.83-.35-.3 0-.56.08-.79.22-.23.15-.49.36-.78.64v4.8h-1.61zm7.37 6.45c0-.56.09-1.06.26-1.51.18-.45.42-.83.71-1.14.29-.3.63-.54 1.01-.71.39-.17.78-.25 1.18-.25.47 0 .88.08 1.23.24.36.16.65.38.89.67s.42.63.54 1.03c.12.41.18.84.18 1.32 0 .32-.02.57-.07.76h-4.36c.07.62.29 1.1.65 1.44.36.33.82.5 1.38.5.29 0 .57-.04.83-.13s.51-.21.76-.37l.55 1.01c-.33.21-.69.39-1.09.53-.41.14-.83.21-1.26.21-.48 0-.92-.08-1.34-.25-.41-.16-.76-.4-1.07-.7-.31-.31-.55-.69-.72-1.13-.18-.44-.26-.95-.26-1.52zm4.6-.62c0-.55-.11-.98-.34-1.28-.23-.31-.58-.47-1.06-.47-.41 0-.77.15-1.07.45-.31.29-.5.73-.58 1.3zm2.5.62c0-.57.09-1.08.28-1.53.18-.44.43-.82.75-1.13s.69-.54 1.1-.71c.42-.16.85-.24 1.31-.24.45 0 .84.08 1.17.23s.61.34.85.57l-.77 1.02c-.19-.16-.38-.28-.56-.37-.19-.09-.39-.14-.61-.14-.56 0-1.01.21-1.35.63-.35.41-.52.97-.52 1.67 0 .69.17 1.24.51 1.66.34.41.78.62 1.32.62.28 0 .54-.06.78-.17.24-.12.45-.26.64-.42l.67 1.03c-.33.29-.69.51-1.08.65-.39.15-.78.23-1.18.23-.46 0-.9-.08-1.31-.24-.4-.16-.75-.39-1.05-.7s-.53-.69-.7-1.13c-.17-.45-.25-.96-.25-1.53zm6.91-6.45h1.58v6.17h.05l2.54-3.16h1.77l-2.35 2.8 2.59 4.07h-1.75l-1.77-2.98-1.08 1.23v1.75h-1.58zm13.69 1.27c-.25-.11-.5-.17-.75-.17-.58 0-.87.39-.87 1.16v.75h1.34v1.27h-1.34v5.6h-1.61v-5.6h-.92v-1.2l.92-.07v-.72c0-.35.04-.68.13-.98.08-.31.21-.57.4-.79s.42-.39.71-.51c.28-.12.63-.18 1.04-.18.24 0 .48.02.69.07.22.05.41.1.57.17zm.48 5.18c0-.57.09-1.08.27-1.53.17-.44.41-.82.72-1.13.3-.31.65-.54 1.04-.71.39-.16.8-.24 1.23-.24s.84.08 1.24.24c.4.17.74.4 1.04.71s.54.69.72 1.13c.19.45.28.96.28 1.53s-.09 1.08-.28 1.53c-.18.44-.42.82-.72 1.13s-.64.54-1.04.7-.81.24-1.24.24-.84-.08-1.23-.24-.74-.39-1.04-.7c-.31-.31-.55-.69-.72-1.13-.18-.45-.27-.96-.27-1.53zm1.65 0c0 .69.14 1.24.43 1.66.28.41.68.62 1.18.62.51 0 .9-.21 1.19-.62.29-.42.44-.97.44-1.66 0-.7-.15-1.26-.44-1.67-.29-.42-.68-.63-1.19-.63-.5 0-.9.21-1.18.63-.29.41-.43.97-.43 1.67zm6.48-3.44h1.33l.12 1.21h.05c.24-.44.54-.79.88-1.02.35-.24.7-.36 1.07-.36.32 0 .59.05.78.14l-.28 1.4-.33-.09c-.11-.01-.23-.02-.38-.02-.27 0-.56.1-.86.31s-.55.58-.77 1.1v4.2h-1.61zm-47.87 15h1.61v4.1c0 .57.08.97.25 1.2.17.24.44.35.81.35.3 0 .57-.07.8-.22.22-.15.47-.39.73-.73v-4.7h1.61v6.87h-1.32l-.12-1.01h-.04c-.3.36-.63.64-.98.86-.35.21-.76.32-1.24.32-.73 0-1.27-.24-1.61-.71-.33-.47-.5-1.14-.5-2.02zm9.46 7.43v2.16h-1.61v-9.59h1.33l.12.72h.05c.29-.24.61-.45.97-.63.35-.17.72-.26 1.1-.26.43 0 .81.08 1.15.24.33.17.61.4.84.71.24.31.41.68.53 1.11.13.42.19.91.19 1.44 0 .59-.09 1.11-.25 1.57-.16.47-.38.85-.65 1.16-.27.32-.58.56-.94.73-.35.16-.72.25-1.1.25-.3 0-.6-.07-.9-.2s-.59-.31-.87-.56zm0-2.3c.26.22.5.37.73.45.24.09.46.13.66.13.46 0 .84-.2 1.15-.6.31-.39.46-.98.46-1.77 0-.69-.12-1.22-.35-1.61-.23-.38-.61-.57-1.13-.57-.49 0-.99.26-1.52.77zm5.87-1.69c0-.56.08-1.06.25-1.51.16-.45.37-.83.65-1.14.27-.3.58-.54.93-.71s.71-.25 1.08-.25c.39 0 .73.07 1 .2.27.14.54.32.81.55l-.06-1.1v-2.49h1.61v9.88h-1.33l-.11-.74h-.06c-.25.25-.54.46-.88.64-.33.18-.69.27-1.06.27-.87 0-1.56-.32-2.07-.95s-.76-1.51-.76-2.65zm1.67-.01c0 .74.13 1.31.4 1.7.26.38.65.58 1.15.58.51 0 .99-.26 1.44-.77v-3.21c-.24-.21-.48-.36-.7-.45-.23-.08-.46-.12-.7-.12-.45 0-.82.19-1.13.59-.31.39-.46.95-.46 1.68zm6.35 1.59c0-.73.32-1.3.97-1.71.64-.4 1.67-.68 3.08-.84 0-.17-.02-.34-.07-.51-.05-.16-.12-.3-.22-.43s-.22-.22-.38-.3c-.15-.06-.34-.1-.58-.1-.34 0-.68.07-1 .2s-.63.29-.93.47l-.59-1.08c.39-.24.81-.45 1.28-.63.47-.17.99-.26 1.54-.26.86 0 1.51.25 1.93.76s.63 1.25.63 2.21v4.07h-1.32l-.12-.76h-.05c-.3.27-.63.48-.98.66s-.73.27-1.14.27c-.61 0-1.1-.19-1.48-.56-.38-.36-.57-.85-.57-1.46zm1.57-.12c0 .3.09.53.27.67.19.14.42.21.71.21.28 0 .54-.07.77-.2s.48-.31.73-.56v-1.54c-.47.06-.86.13-1.18.23-.31.09-.57.19-.76.31s-.33.25-.41.4c-.09.15-.13.31-.13.48zm6.29-3.63h-.98v-1.2l1.06-.07.2-1.88h1.34v1.88h1.75v1.27h-1.75v3.28c0 .8.32 1.2.97 1.2.12 0 .24-.01.37-.04.12-.03.24-.07.34-.11l.28 1.19c-.19.06-.4.12-.64.17-.23.05-.49.08-.76.08-.4 0-.74-.06-1.02-.18-.27-.13-.49-.3-.67-.52-.17-.21-.3-.48-.37-.78-.08-.3-.12-.64-.12-1.01zm4.36 2.17c0-.56.09-1.06.27-1.51s.41-.83.71-1.14c.29-.3.63-.54 1.01-.71.39-.17.78-.25 1.18-.25.47 0 .88.08 1.23.24.36.16.65.38.89.67s.42.63.54 1.03c.12.41.18.84.18 1.32 0 .32-.02.57-.07.76h-4.37c.08.62.29 1.1.65 1.44.36.33.82.5 1.38.5.3 0 .58-.04.84-.13.25-.09.51-.21.76-.37l.54 1.01c-.32.21-.69.39-1.09.53s-.82.21-1.26.21c-.47 0-.92-.08-1.33-.25-.41-.16-.77-.4-1.08-.7-.3-.31-.54-.69-.72-1.13-.17-.44-.26-.95-.26-1.52zm4.61-.62c0-.55-.11-.98-.34-1.28-.23-.31-.58-.47-1.06-.47-.41 0-.77.15-1.08.45-.31.29-.5.73-.57 1.3zm3.01 2.23c.31.24.61.43.92.57.3.13.63.2.98.2.38 0 .65-.08.83-.23s.27-.35.27-.6c0-.14-.05-.26-.13-.37-.08-.1-.2-.2-.34-.28-.14-.09-.29-.16-.47-.23l-.53-.22c-.23-.09-.46-.18-.69-.3-.23-.11-.44-.24-.62-.4s-.33-.35-.45-.55c-.12-.21-.18-.46-.18-.75 0-.61.23-1.1.68-1.49.44-.38 1.06-.57 1.83-.57.48 0 .91.08 1.29.25s.71.36.99.57l-.74.98c-.24-.17-.49-.32-.73-.42-.25-.11-.51-.16-.78-.16-.35 0-.6.07-.76.21-.17.15-.25.33-.25.54 0 .14.04.26.12.36s.18.18.31.26c.14.07.29.14.46.21l.54.19c.23.09.47.18.7.29s.44.24.64.4c.19.16.34.35.46.58.11.23.17.5.17.82 0 .3-.06.58-.17.83-.12.26-.29.48-.51.68-.23.19-.51.34-.84.45-.34.11-.72.17-1.15.17-.48 0-.95-.09-1.41-.27-.46-.19-.86-.41-1.2-.68z" fill="#535353"/></g></svg>"></a></div><div class="c-bibliographic-information__column"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="citeas">Cite this article</h3><p class="c-bibliographic-information__citation">Damaceno, D.H., Trigueiro, P., Lima, L.C.B. <i>et al.</i> ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye. <i>Water Air Soil Pollut</i> <b>235</b>, 656 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Received<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2023-11-02">02 November 2023</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Accepted<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-08-18">18 August 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Published<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-09-02">02 September 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width"><p><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</abbr><span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z</span></p></li></ul><div data-component="share-box"><div class="c-article-share-box u-display-none" hidden=""><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Share this article</h3><p class="c-article-share-box__description">Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:</p><button class="js-get-share-url c-article-share-box__button" type="button" id="get-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-external="" data-track-action="get shareable link">Get shareable link</button><div class="js-no-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info">Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.</p></div><div class="js-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-share-url c-article-share-box__only-read-input" id="share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="select share url"></p><button class="js-copy-share-url c-article-share-box__button--link-like" type="button" id="copy-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="copy share url" data-track-external="">Copy to clipboard</button></div><p class="js-c-article-share-box__additional-info c-article-share-box__additional-info"> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative </p></div></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Keywords</h3><ul class="c-article-subject-list"><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Saponite&facet-discipline="Environment"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Saponite</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=ZnO%20nanoparticles&facet-discipline="Environment"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">ZnO nanoparticles</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Photodegradation&facet-discipline="Environment"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Photodegradation</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Rhodamine%20B&facet-discipline="Environment"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Rhodamine B</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Water%20treatment&facet-discipline="Environment"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Water treatment</a></span></li></ul><div data-component="article-info-list"></div></div></div></div></div></section> </div> </main> <div class="c-article-sidebar u-text-sm u-hide-print l-with-sidebar__sidebar" id="sidebar" data-container-type="reading-companion" data-track-component="reading companion"> <aside> <div data-test="collections"> </div> <div data-test="editorial-summary"> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion"> <div class="c-reading-companion__sticky" data-component="reading-companion-sticky" data-test="reading-companion-sticky"> <div data-test="access-article" class="app-article-access"> <h2 class="app-article-access__heading">Access this article</h2> <div class="u-ma-16 u-clear-both"> <a href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs11270-024-07456-z%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D2dcd08bf-64e5-4de9-8ec0-1ddddd249cd7" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="institution access" data-track-label="button"> <span data-test="access-via-institution">Log in via an institution</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div data-test="buy-box-desktop" class="c-article-buy-box"> <div class="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin" id="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin"> <!-- rendered: 2024-12-13T01:46:39.247392 --><!-- Darwin version --> <div class="buying-option" data-test-id="buy-article-darwin"> <div> <div class="c-springer-plus"> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Subscribe and save</h2> <div class="springer-plus"> <div class="springer-plus-headline"> <div class="springer-plus-title"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use> </svg><span>Springer+ Basic</span> </div> <div class="dd price-amount-springer-plus"> €32.70 /Month </div> </div> <ul class="buying-option-usps"> <li>Get 10 units per month</li> <li>Download Article/Chapter or eBook</li> <li>1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter</li> <li>Cancel anytime</li> </ul><a href="https://link.springer.com/product/springer-plus" id="btn-subscribe-springerPlus" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--secondary" data-track="click||click_springer_subscribe" data-track-context="buy box"><span>Subscribe now </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a> </div> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Buy Now</h2> </div> <div class="buybox__buy"> <form action="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="article"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z"><input type="hidden" name="isxn" value="1573-2932"><input type="hidden" name="contenttitle" value="ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye"><input type="hidden" name="copyrightyear" value="2024"><input type="hidden" name="year" value="2024"><input type="hidden" name="authors" value="Dihêgo H. Damaceno, et al."><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"><input type="hidden" name="mac" value="148297bb7adf3813efd12fee2cd5695a"> <div class="u-ma-16"> <button type="submit" class="u-button--small u-button u-button--secondary u-button--full-width" onclick="dataLayer.push({"event":"addToCart","ecommerce":{"currencyCode":"EUR","add":{"products":[{"name":"ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye","id":"1573-2932","price":39.95,"brand":"Springer International Publishing","category":"Environmental Sciences","variant":"ppv-article","quantity":1}]}}});"><span>Buy article PDF 39,95 €</span></button> </div> </form> <p class="c-notes__text c-notes__vat">Price includes VAT (Singapore)<br></p> <p class="c-notes__text c-notes__usp">Instant access to the full article PDF.</p> </div> </div> <script>dataLayer.push({"ecommerce":{"currency":"EUR","impressions":[{"name":"ZnO-Saponite Nanocomposite: Input of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye","id":"1573-2932","price":39.95,"brand":"Springer International Publishing","category":"Environmental Sciences","variant":"ppv-article","quantity":1}]}});</script> <script style="display: none"> ;(function () { if (document.cookie.indexOf("feature-monetise-subscriptions-display-springer-plus") > -1) { document.querySelectorAll(".c-springer-plus").forEach(function(node) { node.style.display = "block" }) } // springerPlus roll out 10% starts here var springerPlusGroup = setLocalStorageSpringerPlus(); var rollOutSpringerPlus = springerPlusGroup === "B" function setLocalStorageSpringerPlus() { var selectUserKey = "springerPlusRollOut"; var springerPlusGroup = "X"; if (!window.localStorage) return springerPlusGroup; try { var selectUserValue = window.localStorage.getItem(selectUserKey) springerPlusGroup = selectUserValue || randomDistributionSpringerPlus(selectUserKey) } catch (err) { console.log(err) } return springerPlusGroup; } function randomDistributionSpringerPlus(selectUserKey) { var randomGroup = Math.random() < 0.7 ? "A" : "B" window.localStorage.setItem(selectUserKey, randomGroup) return randomGroup } if (rollOutSpringerPlus) { revealSpringerPlus(); } function revealSpringerPlus() { var article = document.getElementById("sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin"); if(article) { document.querySelectorAll(".c-springer-plus").forEach(function(node) { node.style.display = "block" }) } } //springerPlus ends here })() </script> <style> .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li::before { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%230070A8'%3E%3Ccircle cx='50' cy='50' r='50'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } </style> </div> <article class="buybox__rent-article buybox__access-option u-sans-serif" id="deepdyve" style="display: none" data-test-id="journal-subscription"> <div class="c-box__body"> <div class="buybox__info"> <p>Rent this article via <a class="deepdyve-link" target="deepdyve" rel="nofollow" data-track="click" data-track-action="rent article" data-track-label="rent action, new buybox">DeepDyve</a> <svg focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon" style="vertical-align: middle"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg></p> </div> </div> <script> function deepDyveResponse(data) { if (data.status === 'ok') { [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.buybox__rent-article')).forEach(function (article) { article.style.display = 'flex' var link = article.querySelector('.deepdyve-link') if (link) { link.setAttribute('href', data.url) } }) } } var script = document.createElement('script') script.src = '//www.deepdyve.com/rental-link?docId=10.1007/s11270-024-07456-z&journal=1573-2932&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=springer&format=jsonp&callback=deepDyveResponse' document.body.appendChild(script) </script> </article> <div class="buybox__access-option buybox__institutional-subs-link u-sans-serif"> <p><a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/licensing/agc/journals">Institutional subscriptions <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon" style="vertical-align: middle"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </div> <style>.sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .buybox__access-option{ border-top: 1px solid #cedbe0; font-size: 1rem; padding: 16px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .c-springer-plus{ display: none; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus{ background-color: #EBF6FF; font-family: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; padding: 16px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-headline{ display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-heading{ border-bottom: 1px solid #c5e0f4; border-top: 1px solid #c5e0f4; font-family: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0; padding: 16px; text-align: center; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-title{ align-items: center; display: flex; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-title span{ margin-left: 8px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a{ background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #025e8d; color: #025e8d; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; max-height: 44px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a span{ margin-right: 8px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:hover{ background-color: #025e8d; border: 4px solid #025e8d; box-shadow: none; color: #fff; font-weight: 700; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:visited{ color: #025e8d; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:visited:hover{ color: #fff; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps{ color: #555; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 16px 0 24px 0; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li{ padding-left: 26px; position: relative; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li::before{ content: ''; height: 10px; left: 0; position: absolute; top: calc(0.8em - 5px); width: 10px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li:not(:first-child){ margin-top: 4px; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__sections c-reading-companion__panel--active" id="tabpanel-sections"> <div class="u-lazy-ad-wrapper u-mt-16 u-hide" data-component-mpu><div class="c-ad c-ad--300x250"> <div class="c-ad__inner"> <p class="c-ad__label">Advertisement</p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-MPU1" class="div-gpt-ad grade-c-hide" data-pa11y-ignore data-gpt data-gpt-unitpath="/270604982/springerlink/11270/article" data-gpt-sizes="300x250" data-test="MPU1-ad" data-gpt-targeting="pos=MPU1;articleid=s11270-024-07456-z;"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__figures c-reading-companion__panel--full-width" id="tabpanel-figures"></div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__references c-reading-companion__panel--full-width" id="tabpanel-references"></div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </article> <div class="app-elements"> <div class="eds-c-header__expander eds-c-header__expander--search" id="eds-c-header-popup-search"> <h2 class="eds-c-header__heading">Search</h2> <div class="u-container"> <search class="eds-c-header__search" role="search" aria-label="Search from the header"> <form method="GET" action="//link.springer.com/search" data-test="header-search" data-track="search" data-track-context="search from header" data-track-action="submit search form" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="form" > <label for="eds-c-header-search" class="eds-c-header__search-label">Search by keyword or author</label> <div class="eds-c-header__search-container"> <input id="eds-c-header-search" class="eds-c-header__search-input" autocomplete="off" name="query" type="search" value="" required> <button class="eds-c-header__search-button" type="submit"> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-search-medium"></use> </svg> <span class="u-visually-hidden">Search</span> </button> </div> </form> </search> </div> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__expander eds-c-header__expander--menu" id="eds-c-header-nav"> <h2 class="eds-c-header__heading">Navigation</h2> <ul class="eds-c-header__list"> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/" data-track="nav_find_a_journal" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click find a journal" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Find a journal </a> </li> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_how_to_publish" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click publish with us link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Publish with us </a> </li> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springernature.com/home/" data-track="nav_track_your_research" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click track your research" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Track your research </a> </li> </ul> </div> <footer > <div class="eds-c-footer" > <div class="eds-c-footer__container"> <div class="eds-c-footer__grid eds-c-footer__group--separator"> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Discover content</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/a/1" data-track="nav_journals_a_z" data-track-action="journals a-z" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Journals A-Z</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/books/a/1" data-track="nav_books_a_z" data-track-action="books a-z" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Books A-Z</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Publish with us</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals" data-track="nav_journal_finder" data-track-action="journal finder" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Journal finder</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_publish_your_research" data-track-action="publish your research" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Publish your research</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" data-track="nav_open_access_publishing" data-track-action="open access publishing" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Open access publishing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Products and services</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/products" data-track="nav_our_products" data-track-action="our products" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Our products</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians" data-track="nav_librarians" data-track-action="librarians" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Librarians</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/societies" data-track="nav_societies" data-track-action="societies" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Societies</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/partners" data-track="nav_partners_and_advertisers" data-track-action="partners and advertisers" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Partners and advertisers</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Our imprints</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springer.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Springer" data-track-action="Springer" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Springer</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Nature_Portfolio" data-track-action="Nature Portfolio" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Nature Portfolio</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.biomedcentral.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_BMC" data-track-action="BMC" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">BMC</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.palgrave.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Palgrave_Macmillan" data-track-action="Palgrave Macmillan" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Palgrave Macmillan</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.apress.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Apress" data-track-action="Apress" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Apress</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__container"> <nav aria-label="footer navigation"> <ul class="eds-c-footer__links"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <button class="eds-c-footer__link" data-cc-action="preferences" data-track="dialog_manage_cookies" data-track-action="Manage cookies" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link"><span class="eds-c-footer__button-text">Your privacy choices/Manage cookies</span></button> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/legal/ccpa" data-track="nav_california_privacy_statement" data-track-action="california privacy statement" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Your US state privacy rights</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/info/accessibility" data-track="nav_accessibility_statement" data-track-action="accessibility statement" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Accessibility statement</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/termsandconditions" data-track="nav_terms_and_conditions" data-track-action="terms and conditions" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Terms and conditions</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/privacystatement" data-track="nav_privacy_policy" data-track-action="privacy policy" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://support.springernature.com/en/support/home" data-track="nav_help_and_support" data-track-action="help and support" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Help and support</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000255911-subscription-cancellations" data-track-action="cancel contracts here">Cancel contracts here</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="eds-c-footer__user"> <p class="eds-c-footer__user-info"> <span data-test="footer-user-ip">8.222.208.146</span> </p> <p class="eds-c-footer__user-info" data-test="footer-business-partners">Not affiliated</p> </div> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/" class="eds-c-footer__link"> <img src="/oscar-static/images/logo-springernature-white-19dd4ba190.svg" alt="Springer Nature" loading="lazy" width="200" height="20"/> </a> <p class="eds-c-footer__legal" data-test="copyright">© 2024 Springer Nature</p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </body> </html>