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<span>Assassination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tributes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amílcar Cabral</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9A%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD_%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%88%8D" title="አሚልካር ካብራል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አሚልካር ካብራል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="أميلكار كابرال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أميلكار كابرال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilkar_Kabral" title="Amilkar Kabral – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amilkar Kabral" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амилкар Кабрал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амилкар Кабрал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BB" title="Αμίλκαρ Καμπράλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμίλκαρ Καμπράλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="امیلکار کابرال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امیلکار کابرال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B0%80%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%84" title="아밀카르 카브랄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아밀카르 카브랄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Համիլկար Կաբրալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համիլկար Կաբրալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C" title="אמילקר קברל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמילקר קברל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амилкар Кабрал – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Амилкар Кабрал" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اميلكار كابرال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اميلكار كابرال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB" title="アミルカル・カブラル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アミルカル・カブラル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB,_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кабрал, Амилкар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кабрал, Амилкар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амилкар Кабрал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амилкар Кабрал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amílcar Cabral" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амілкар Кабрал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амілкар Кабрал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilcar_Cabral" title="Amilcar Cabral – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Amilcar Cabral" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bissau-Guinean politician (1924–1973)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the documentary about the person, see <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_(film)" title="Amílcar Cabral (film)">Amílcar Cabral (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese name</a>, the first or maternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i>Lopes</i> and the second or paternal family name is <i>Cabral</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Amílcar Cabral</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabral_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cabral_2.png/220px-Cabral_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cabral_2.png/330px-Cabral_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cabral_2.png/440px-Cabral_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="1337" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Cabral wearing a traditional skullcap known as a sumbia during the 1964 Cassacá Congress, a gathering of <a href="/wiki/PAIGC" class="mw-redirect" title="PAIGC">PAIGC</a> cadres.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Amílcar Lopes Cabral</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1924-09-12</span>)</span>12 September 1924<br /><a href="/wiki/Bafat%C3%A1" title="Bafatá">Bafatá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 January 1973<span style="display:none">(1973-01-20)</span> (aged 48)<br /><a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manner of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">Assassination by gunshot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Amura" title="Fortaleza de São José da Amura">Amílcar Cabral's Mausoleum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde">African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde</a>;<br /><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola">People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amílcar Lopes Cabral</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ɐˈmilkaɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈlɔpɨʃ<span class="wrap"> </span>kɐˈbɾal]</a></span>; <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1924-09-12</span>)</span>12 September 1924 – <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1973-01-20</span>)</span>20 January 1973) was a <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Bissau-Guinean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verdean</a> <a href="/wiki/Agronomist" class="mw-redirect" title="Agronomist">agricultural engineer</a>, political organizer, and diplomat. He was one of Africa's foremost <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">anti-colonial</a> leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">pan-Africanist</a> and intellectual nationalist revolutionary poet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also known by the <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym#Military_and_paramilitary_organizations" title="Pseudonym">nom de guerre</a></i> <b>Abel Djassi</b>, he led the nationalist movement of <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde Islands">Cape Verde Islands</a> and the ensuing war of independence in Guinea-Bissau. </p><p>Cabral was shot dead on 20 January 1973, about eight months before Guinea-Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence. He was deeply influenced by <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, becoming an inspiration to revolutionary socialists and national independence movements worldwide. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabral_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cabral_1.png/140px-Cabral_1.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cabral_1.png/211px-Cabral_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cabral_1.png/280px-Cabral_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Amilcar Cabral in 1948, aged 23.</figcaption></figure> <p>Amílcar Lopes Cabral was born on 12 September 1924. He was born in the town of <a href="/wiki/Bafat%C3%A1" title="Bafatá">Bafatá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> (located in modern-day Guinea-Bissau) to Cape Verdean parents, Juvenal António Lopes da Costa Cabral and Iva Pinhel Évora, both hailing from <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a>. His father came from a wealthy land-owning family. His mother was a shop owner and hotel worker who worked hard to support her family, especially after she separated from Amílcar's father by 1929. Her family was not well off, so she was unable to pursue higher education. </p><p>Amílcar Cabral was educated at <a href="/wiki/Liceo_(Italian_school)#Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Liceo (Italian school)">Liceu</a> Secondary School Gil Eanes in the town of Mindelo, Cape Verde. He was later educated at the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Agronomia" title="Instituto Superior de Agronomia">Instituto Superior de Agronomia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon, Portugal</a>. While an <a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">agronomy</a> student in Lisbon, he founded student movements dedicated to opposing the ruling <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">dictatorship of Portugal</a> and promoting the cause of independence for the Portuguese colonies in Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While back in Africa, starting in 1953, he conducted an agricultural census in Portuguese Guinea in which he would travel more than 60,000 kilometers. This allowed him to “become intimately familiar with the people and land” of Portuguese Guinea, understanding that undoubtedly was helpful in the guerrilla war he would go on to fight.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to Africa in the 1950s from Portugal and was instrumental in promoting the independence causes of the then Portuguese colonies. In 1956, he was the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Partido_Africano_da_Independ%C3%AAncia_da_Guin%C3%A9_e_Cabo_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde">PAIGC</a> or <i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde</i></span></i> (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde). He was also one of the founding members of <a href="/wiki/MPLA" title="MPLA">Movimento Popular Libertação de Angola (MPLA)</a> later in the same year, together with <a href="/wiki/Agostinho_Neto" title="Agostinho Neto">Agostinho Neto</a>, whom he met in Portugal, and other Angolan nationalists. Cabral was an asset of the <a href="/wiki/Sbor_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_bezpe%C4%8Dnosti" title="Sbor národní bezpečnosti">Czechoslovak State Security (StB)</a>, and under the codename "Secretary" provided intelligence information to the StB.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guerilla_war_for_independence">Guerilla war for independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Guerilla war for independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amilcar_Cabral_FOCR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Amilcar_Cabral_FOCR.jpg/220px-Amilcar_Cabral_FOCR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Amilcar_Cabral_FOCR.jpg/330px-Amilcar_Cabral_FOCR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Amilcar_Cabral_FOCR.jpg/440px-Amilcar_Cabral_FOCR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="923" /></a><figcaption>Amílcar Cabral with <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1963 to his assassination in 1973, Cabral led the PAIGC's <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> movement in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> against the Portuguese government,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which evolved into one of the most successful wars of independence in modern African history. The goal of the conflict was to attain independence for both Portuguese Guinea and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>. Over the course of the conflict, as the movement captured territory from the Portuguese, Cabral became the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> leader of a large portion of what became <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In preparation for the independence war, Cabral set up training camps in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> with the permission of <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cabral trained his lieutenants through various techniques, including mock conversations to provide them with effective communication skills to aid their efforts in mobilizing Guinean traditional leaders to support the PAIGC. Cabral realized that the war effort could only be sustained if his troops could be fed and taught to live off the land, alongside the larger populace. Being an agronomist, he trained his troops to teach local farmers better farming techniques. This was to ensure that they could increase productivity and be able to feed their own family and community, as well as the soldiers enlisted in the PAIGC's military wing. When not fighting, PAIGC soldiers tilled and ploughed the fields alongside the local population.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cabral and the PAIGC also set up a trade-and-barter bazaar system that moved around the country and made staple goods available to the countryside at prices lower than that of colonial store owners. During the war, Cabral also set up a roving hospital and triage station to give medical care to wounded PAIGC soldiers and quality-of-life care to the larger populace, relying on medical supplies garnered from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. The bazaars and triage stations were at first stationary, until they came under frequent attack from Portuguese regime forces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination">Assassination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assassination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1972, Cabral began to form a People's Assembly in preparation for the independence of Guinea-Bissau. On 20 January 1973, the disgruntled former PAIGC rival Inocêncio Kani, together with another member of PAIGC, shot Cabral to death in <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a>. Cabral was 48 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to some theories, Portuguese <a href="/wiki/PIDE" title="PIDE">PIDE</a> agents, whose alleged plan eventually went awry, wanted to influence Cabral's rivals through agents operating within the PAIGC, in hope of arresting Cabral and placing him under the custody of Portuguese authorities. Another theory claims that <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_S%C3%A9kou_Tour%C3%A9" title="Ahmed Sékou Touré">Ahmed Sékou Touré</a>, jealous of Cabral's greater international prestige, among other motives, orchestrated the conspiracy;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both theories remain unproven and controversial. </p><p>After the assassination, about one hundred officers and guerrilla soldiers of the PAIGC, accused of involvement in the conspiracy that resulted in the murder of Amílcar Cabral and the attempt to seize power in the movement, were summarily executed. His half-brother, <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Cabral" title="Luís Cabral">Luís Cabral</a>, became the leader of the Guinea-Bissau branch of the party and eventually became President of Guinea-Bissau. </p><p>Less than a month after the assassination, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> concluded that then-colonial power <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a> was not directly involved in his death, according to official documents made public in 2006. Even so, the <a href="/wiki/US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department">US State Department</a>'s Information and Investigation Services also concluded that "Lisbon's complicity" in the assassination of the leader of the struggle for <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>'s and Guinea-Bissau's independence "cannot be ruled out."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-afrol_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afrol-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later on 25 April 1974, the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> coup was carried out in Portugal, which was followed by a cease-fire in the various battle fronts and eventually by the independence of all of Portugal's former colonies in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-afrol_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afrol-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cabral was assassinated prior to the independence of the Portuguese colonies in Africa and therefore died before he could see his homelands of Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau gain independence from Portugal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tributes">Tributes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_com_Fidel_Castro.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_com_Fidel_Castro.png/220px-Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_com_Fidel_Castro.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_com_Fidel_Castro.png/330px-Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_com_Fidel_Castro.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_com_Fidel_Castro.png/440px-Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_com_Fidel_Castro.png 2x" data-file-width="1795" data-file-height="1299" /></a><figcaption>Amílcar Cabral with <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> in Cuba for the <a href="/wiki/Tricontinental_Conference_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricontinental Conference 1966">1966 Tricontinental Conference</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CV-praia-fund-amilcar-cabral-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CV-praia-fund-amilcar-cabral-02.jpg/220px-CV-praia-fund-amilcar-cabral-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CV-praia-fund-amilcar-cabral-02.jpg/330px-CV-praia-fund-amilcar-cabral-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CV-praia-fund-amilcar-cabral-02.jpg/440px-CV-praia-fund-amilcar-cabral-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Mural on the wall of the Amílcar Cabral Foundation offices in <a href="/wiki/Praia,_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Praia, Cape Verde">Praia, Cape Verde</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...one of the most lucid and brilliant leaders in Africa, Comrade Amílcar Cabral, who instilled in us tremendous confidence in the future and the success of his struggle for liberation.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricontinental_Conference_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricontinental Conference 1966">Tricontinental Conference 1966</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba<sup id="cite_ref-Drenched_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drenched-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Cabral is considered a "revolutionary theoretician as significant as <a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Frantz Fanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-Drenched_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drenched-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one "whose influence reverberated far beyond the African continent."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_International_Airport" title="Amílcar Cabral International Airport">Amílcar Cabral International Airport</a>, Cape Verde's principal international airport at <a href="/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde" title="Sal, Cape Verde">Sal</a>, is named in his honor. There is also a football competition, the <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_Cup" title="Amílcar Cabral Cup">Amílcar Cabral Cup</a>, in zone 2, named as a tribute to him. In addition, the only privately owned university in Guinea-Bissau – Amílcar Cabral University, in Bissau – is named after him. <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Peixinho" title="Jorge Peixinho">Jorge Peixinho</a> composed an <a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">elegy</a> to Cabral in 1973. </p><p>Author António Tomás wrote a biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled <i>O Fazedor de Utopias: Uma Biografia de Amílcar Cabral</i>, which offers an extensive overview of Amílcar's life in narrative form. It features a detailed account of Amílcar's family history in Portuguese. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Chabal" title="Patrick Chabal">Patrick Chabal</a>, professor of Lusophone African studies at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="King's College, London">King's College, London</a>, also wrote a book about the life and biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled <i>Amílcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership And People's War</i> (1983 and 2003). The book tells the story of Cabral who, as head of PAIGC, Guinea-Bissau's nationalist movement, became one of Africa's foremost revolutionary leaders. </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/William_R._Tolbert" class="mw-redirect" title="William R. Tolbert">William R. Tolbert</a> (Republic of Liberia) commissioned and built a housing estate on the Old Road, Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia, named in honor of Cabral. </p><p>There is a block of flats named Amílcar Cabral Court on Porteus Road in west <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, situated in the <a href="/wiki/Paddington_Green,_London" title="Paddington Green, London">Paddington Green</a> area. </p><p>Angolan singer and activist <a href="/wiki/David_Z%C3%A9" title="David Zé">David Zé</a> composed 'Quem Matou Cabral' in honor of Amílcar Cabral and performed it during the independence celebrations of <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> issued a postage stamp in his honor in 1978. </p><p>A square in <a href="/wiki/Veshnyaki_District" title="Veshnyaki District">Veshnyaki District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> was named "Amílcar Cabral Square" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: «Площадь Амилкара Кабрала» "Ploschad Amilcara Cabrala") since 16 January 1974. </p><p>He was voted the second greatest leader in the world in a poll conducted by BBC World History Magazine in March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A public library in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> was named "Amílcar Cabral Library" since 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cabral's political thought and role in the liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde is discussed at some length in <a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Chris Marker</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/Sans_Soleil" title="Sans Soleil">Sans Soleil</a></i> (1983). He is also the subject of the Portuguese documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amílcar Cabral (documentary)">Amílcar Cabral</a></i>, which was released in 2000.</li> <li>The documentary film <i>Cabralista</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> winner of the CVIFF (Cape Verde International Film Festival) prize for best documentary in 2011, puts Amilcar Cabral's political views and ideologies in the spotlight.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegalese</a> band <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_Baobab" title="Orchestra Baobab">Orchestra Baobab</a> included the song "Cabral", sung in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Creole" title="Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</a> in their 2007 album <i>Made in Dakar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cabral, Amilcar. <i>Resistance and Decolonization</i>. Translated by Dan Wood. Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.</li> <li>Cabral, Amilcar. <i>Return to the Source: Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral</i>. Monthly Review Press, 1973.</li> <li>Cabral, Amilcar. <i>Unity and Struggle: Speeches and Writings of Amilcar Cabral</i>. Monthly Review Press, 1979.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_H._Chilcote" title="Ronald H. Chilcote">Chilcote, Ronald H.</a> (1991), <i>Amílcar Cabral's Revolutionary Theory and Practice: A Critical Guide</i>, Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLopesBarros2019" class="citation journal cs1">Lopes, Rui; Barros, Víctor (19 December 2019). "Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions". <i>The International History Review</i>. <b>42</b> (6): 1230–1237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07075332.2019.1703118">10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10362%2F94384">10362/94384</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0707-5332">0707-5332</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214034536">214034536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&rft.atitle=Am%C3%ADlcar+Cabral+and+the+Liberation+of+Guinea-Bissau+and+Cape+Verde%3A+International%2C+Transnational%2C+and+Global+Dimensions&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1230-1237&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10362%2F94384&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214034536%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0707-5332&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07075332.2019.1703118&rft.aulast=Lopes&rft.aufirst=Rui&rft.au=Barros%2C+V%C3%ADctor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2012" class="citation book cs1">Martin, G. (23 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC"><i>African Political Thought</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137062055" title="Special:BookSources/9781137062055"><bdi>9781137062055</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Political+Thought&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-12-23&rft.isbn=9781137062055&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrqYEhtONIBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabaka, Africana Critical Theory: Reconstructing The Black Radical Tradition, From W. E. B. Du Bois and C. L. R. James to Frantz Fanon and Amilcar Cabral p.231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muehlenbeck, Philip (2016), <i>Czechoslovakia in Africa, 1945–1968</i>, New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cidac.pt/index.php/quem-somos/historia/amilcar-cabral/">"CIDAC :: Amílcar Cabral"</a>. <i>www.cidac.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529152327/https://www.cidac.pt/index.php/quem-somos/historia/amilcar-cabral/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cidac.pt&rft.atitle=CIDAC+%3A%3A+Am%C3%ADlcar+Cabral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cidac.pt%2Findex.php%2Fquem-somos%2Fhistoria%2Familcar-cabral%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalterJohnson2014" class="citation book cs1">Halter, Marilyn; Johnson, Violet Showers (29 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WdQVCgAAQBAJ&q=Cabral+set+up+training+camps+in+Ghana+with+the+permission+of+Kwame+Nkrumah&pg=PA181"><i>African & American: West Africans in Post-Civil Rights America</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+%22NIGHT+OF+LONG+KNIVES%22+IN+CONAKRY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.codesria.org%2Fspip.php%3Farticle576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/African-Independence-Party-for-Guinea-and-Cape-Verde">"African Independence Party for Guinea and Cape Verde | political party, Africa"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602055839/https://www.britannica.com/topic/African-Independence-Party-for-Guinea-and-Cape-Verde">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Declassified US Department of State document.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afrol-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afrol_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afrol_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrol.com/articles/19767">"US declassifies documents on freedom fighter Amílcar Cabral"</a>. Afrol News / A Semana. 7 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229124554/http://www.afrol.com/articles/19767">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+declassifies+documents+on+freedom+fighter+Am%C3%ADlcar+Cabral&rft.date=2006-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrol.com%2Farticles%2F19767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drenched-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drenched_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drenched_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Brittain" title="Victoria Brittain">Brittain, Victoria</a> (17 January 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/lumumba-50th-anniversary-african-leaders-assassinations">"Africa: A Continent Drenched in the Blood of Revolutionary Heroes"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170117225438/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/lumumba-50th-anniversary-african-leaders-assassinations">Archived</a> 17 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Opening text of <i>Cabralista</i>, 2011 documentary film by Valerio Lopes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharaja-ranjit-singh-voted-greatest-leader-of-all-times-1652824-2020-03-05">"Maharaja Ranjit Singh voted greatest leader of all times"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 5 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Maharaja+Ranjit+Singh+voted+greatest+leader+of+all+times&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Fmaharaja-ranjit-singh-voted-greatest-leader-of-all-times-1652824-2020-03-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyextra.com/magazine/who-greatest-leader-world-history/">"Who is the greatest leader in world history?"</a>. <i>HistoryExtra</i>. 4 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200305190544/https://www.historyextra.com/magazine/who-greatest-leader-world-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HistoryExtra&rft.atitle=Who+is+the+greatest+leader+in+world+history%3F&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyextra.com%2Fmagazine%2Fwho-greatest-leader-world-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabral2023" class="citation web cs1">Cabral, Biblioteca Amilcar (3 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibliotecacabral.it/objects/cabral-chi-siamo">"About us"</a>. <i>Biblioteca Amilcar Cabral</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblioteca+Amilcar+Cabral&rft.atitle=About+us&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft.aulast=Cabral&rft.aufirst=Biblioteca+Amilcar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibliotecacabral.it%2Fobjects%2Fcabral-chi-siamo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cabralista.com/">"Cabralista – Just another Afryk site"</a>. <i>cabralista.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cabralista.com&rft.atitle=Cabralista+%E2%80%93+Just+another+Afryk+site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcabralista.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cviff.org/">"CVIFF 2018"</a>. <i>www.cviff.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cviff.org&rft.atitle=CVIFF+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cviff.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitter2008" class="citation web cs1">Mitter, Siddhartha (15 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/08/orchestra-baobab-made-in-dakar.html">"Orchestra Baobab: Made in Dakar"</a>. <i>www.pastemagazine.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329141424/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/08/orchestra-baobab-made-in-dakar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2019</span>. <q>... the lyrics of Made in Dakar are sung in Wolof, French and Portuguese Creole, and the themes include an homage to Amilcar Cabral, a fondly remembered Pan-African revolutionary</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pastemagazine.com&rft.atitle=Orchestra+Baobab%3A+Made+in+Dakar&rft.date=2008-08-15&rft.aulast=Mitter&rft.aufirst=Siddhartha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastemagazine.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F08%2Forchestra-baobab-made-in-dakar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Abdel Malek, Karine, "Le processus d'accès à l'indépendance de la Guinée-Bissau.", In : Bulletin de l'Association des Anciens Elèves de l'Institut National de Langues et de Cultures Orientales, N°1, Avril 1998. – pp. 53–60</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBienen1977" class="citation journal cs1">Bienen, Henry (1977). "State and Revolution: The Work of Amilcar Cabral". <i>Journal of Modern African Studies</i>. <b>15</b> (4): 555–568. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022278X00002226">10.1017/S0022278X00002226</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154939795">154939795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=State+and+Revolution%3A+The+Work+of+Amilcar+Cabral&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=555-568&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022278X00002226&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154939795%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bienen&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Chabal" title="Patrick Chabal">Chabal, Patrick</a>. <i>Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People's War</i>. New York and Cambridge, U.K.: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-24944-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-24944-9">0-521-24944-9</a>.</li> <li>Chailand, Gérard. <i>Armed Struggle in Africa: With the Guerrillas in "Portuguese" Guinea</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Monthly_Review_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthly Review Press">Monthly Review Press</a>, 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85345-106-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85345-106-0">0-85345-106-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilcote1968" class="citation journal cs1">Chilcote, Ronald H. (1968). "The Political Thought of Amílcar Cabral". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Modern_African_Studies" title="Journal of Modern African Studies">Journal of Modern African Studies</a></i>. <b>6</b> (3): 373–388. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022278X0001747X">10.1017/S0022278X0001747X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/159305">159305</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154310499">154310499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Political+Thought+of+Am%C3%ADlcar+Cabral&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=373-388&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154310499%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F159305%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022278X0001747X&rft.aulast=Chilcote&rft.aufirst=Ronald+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dhada, Mustafah. <i>Warriors at Work</i>. Niwot, Colorado, USA: Colorado University Press, 1993.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGleijeses1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Piero_Gleijeses" title="Piero Gleijeses">Gleijeses, Piero</a> (1997). "The First Ambassadors: Cuba's Contribution to Guinea-Bissau's War of Independence". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Latin_American_Studies" title="Journal of Latin American Studies">Journal of Latin American Studies</a></i>. <b>29</b> (1): 45–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022216x96004646">10.1017/s0022216x96004646</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/158071">158071</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144904249">144904249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Latin+American+Studies&rft.atitle=The+First+Ambassadors%3A+Cuba%27s+Contribution+to+Guinea-Bissau%27s+War+of+Independence&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-88&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144904249%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F158071%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0022216x96004646&rft.aulast=Gleijeses&rft.aufirst=Piero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>McCollester, Charles. "The Political Thought of Amilcar Cabral." <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Review" title="Monthly Review">Monthly Review</a></i>, 24: 10–21 (March 1973).</li> <li>Mendy, Peter Karibe. <i>Amílcar Cabral: A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary</i>. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0821423721" title="Special:BookSources/978-0821423721">978-0821423721</a></li> <li>Sigal, Brad. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031007231007/http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/humanities/jaffee/historian/1729/sigal/index.html">Amilcar Cabral and the Revolution in Guinea-Bissau</a></i>, City College of New York.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomás2021" class="citation book cs1">Tomás, António (2021). <i>Amílcar Cabral: The Life of a Reluctant Nationalist</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst & Co.">Hurst</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-787-381445" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-787-381445"><bdi>978-1-787-381445</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Am%C3%ADlcar+Cabral%3A+The+Life+of+a+Reluctant+Nationalist&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-787-381445&rft.aulast=Tom%C3%A1s&rft.aufirst=Ant%C3%B3nio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAm%C3%ADlcar+Cabral" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amílcar Cabral">Amílcar Cabral</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah/weaponoftheory.html">"The Weapon of Theory"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081223085255/http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah/weaponoftheory.html">Archived</a> 23 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a speech at the Tricontinental Conference in Havana, 1966.</li> <li>Charles Peterson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018461/Amilcar-Cabral">"Amílcar Lopes Cabral"</a>, <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Updated 8 September 2020.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/cabralnlac.html">"National Liberation and Culture"</a>, a speech at Syracuse University in 1970.</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africanactivist.msu.edu/">African Activist Archive Project</a> website has documents, posters, buttons, and photographs related to the struggle for independence in Guinea-Bissau and support for that struggle by U.S. organizations. The website includes photographs of Cabral.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/cabral/">Works at Marxists.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ismpressbooks.com/africa-in-struggle/guinea-bissau.pdf">"The Revolution in Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of Amilcar Cabral"</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ismpressbooks.com/africa-in-struggle/"><i>Africa in Struggle</i></a>, by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fogel" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Fogel">Daniel Fogel</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/newsinger/1981/xx/africa.html">Review of Amilcar Cabral's Unity & Struggle</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Newsinger" title="John Newsinger">John Newsinger</a> in <i>International Socialism</i>, 12 (1981).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pan-Africanism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pan-Africanism" title="Template:Pan-Africanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pan-Africanism" title="Template talk:Pan-Africanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-Africanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-Africanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pan-Africanism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">Anti-Western sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankarism" title="Sankarism">Sankarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Movement" title="Uhuru Movement">Uhuru Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikism" title="Zikism">Zikism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_century" title="African century">African century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9gritude" title="Négritude">Négritude</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_philosophy" title="Ubuntu philosophy">Ubuntu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ujamaa" title="Ujamaa">Ujamaa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Pan-Africanists" title="Category:Pan-Africanists">Proponents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Akumu" title="Dennis Akumu">Dennis Akumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe">Nnamdi Azikiwe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amílcar Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Comissiong" title="David Comissiong">David Comissiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Dessalines" title="Jean-Jacques Dessalines">Jean-Jacques Dessalines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A9nor_Firmin" title="Anténor Firmin">Anténor Firmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alieu_Ebrima_Cham_Joof" title="Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof">Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kenneth Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modibo_Ke%C3%AFta" title="Modibo Keïta">Modibo Keïta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Louverture" title="Toussaint Louverture">Toussaint Louverture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba">Patrice Lumumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samora_Machel" title="Samora Machel">Samora Machel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochola_Ogaye_Mak%27Anyengo" title="Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo">Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mboya" title="Tom Mboya">Tom Mboya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdias_do_Nascimento" title="Abdias do Nascimento">Abdias do Nascimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nyathi_Pokela" title="John Nyathi Pokela">John Nyathi Pokela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Thomas Sankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_S%C3%A9kou_Tour%C3%A9" title="Ahmed Sékou Touré">Ahmed Sékou Touré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobukwe" title="Robert Sobukwe">Robert Sobukwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._T._A._Wallace-Johnson" title="I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson">I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marimba_Ani" title="Marimba Ani">Marimba Ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molefi_Kete_Asante" title="Molefi Kete Asante">Molefi Kete Asante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Biko" title="Steve Biko">Steve Biko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilmot_Blyden" title="Edward Wilmot Blyden">Edward Wilmot Blyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Stokely Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_C%C3%A9saire" title="Aimé Césaire">Aimé Césaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henrik_Clarke" title="John Henrik Clarke">John Henrik Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Delany" title="Martin Delany">Martin R. Delany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheikh_Anta_Diop" title="Cheikh Anta Diop">Cheikh Anta Diop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Frantz Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Ashwood_Garvey" title="Amy Ashwood Garvey">Amy Ashwood Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Jackson_(writer)" title="John G. Jackson (writer)">John G. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Leonard Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Ben-Jochannan" title="Yosef Ben-Jochannan">Yosef Ben-Jochannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Maulana Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Kinloch" title="Alice Kinloch">Alice Kinloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fela_Kuti" title="Fela Kuti">Fela Kuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Mafeje" title="Archie Mafeje">Archie Mafeje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mazrui" title="Ali Mazrui">Ali Mazrui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephania_Mothopeng" title="Zephania Mothopeng">Zephania Mothopeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Padmore" title="George Padmore">George Padmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motsoko_Pheko" title="Motsoko Pheko">Motsoko Pheko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runoko_Rashidi" title="Runoko Rashidi">Runoko Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Robinson" title="Randall Robinson">Randall Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rodney" title="Walter Rodney">Walter Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_Spear" title="Burning Spear">Burning Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issa_Laye_Thiaw" title="Issa Laye Thiaw">Issa Laye Thiaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Frances Cress Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sylvester_Williams" title="Henry Sylvester Williams">Henry Sylvester Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_N._Wilson" title="Amos N. Wilson">Amos N. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omali_Yeshitela" title="Omali Yeshitela">Omali Yeshitela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Pan-Africanist_organizations" title="Category:Pan-Africanist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Educational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Leadership_Academy" title="African Leadership Academy">African Leadership Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Leadership_University" title="African Leadership University">African Leadership University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Unification_Front" title="African Unification Front">African Unification Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-African_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="All-African People's Revolutionary Party">All-African People's Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-African_Trade_Union_Federation" title="All-African Trade Union Federation">All-African Trade Union Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conseil_de_l%27Entente" title="Conseil de l'Entente">Conseil de l'Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_People%27s_Party" title="Convention People's Party">Convention People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">Economic Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pan-African_Conference" title="First Pan-African Conference">First Pan-African Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_African_Service_Bureau" title="International African Service Bureau">International African Service Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Trade_Union_Unity" title="Organisation of African Trade Union Unity">Organisation of African Trade Union Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_African_Association" title="Pan African Association">Pan African Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Freedom_Movement_for_East_and_Central_Africa" title="Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa">Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Congress" title="Pan-African Congress">Pan-African Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress of Azania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_and_Social_League_of_the_Great_Sahara_Tribes" title="Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes">Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_D%C3%A9mocratique_Africain" title="Rassemblement Démocratique Africain">Rassemblement Démocratique Africain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF" title="ZANU–PF">ZANU–PF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Star_of_Africa" title="Black Star of Africa">Black Star of Africa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Marron_Inconnu" title="Le Marron Inconnu">Le Marron Inconnu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Judah" title="Lion of Judah">Lion of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_colours" title="Pan-African colours">Pan-African colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_flag" title="Pan-African flag">Pan-African flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynamics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_of_Africa" title="List of ethnic groups of Africa">Ethnic groups of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Languages of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Religion in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">Conflicts in Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_philosophy" title="African philosophy">African philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">African-American leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africanization" title="Africanization">Africanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-African_Peoples%27_Conference" title="All-African Peoples' Conference">All-African Peoples' Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_African_States" title="Union of African States">Union of African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_Africa" title="Year of Africa">Year of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213416#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213416#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213416#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000369918891">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/18031253">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1860209/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvd4FXVXRpD6jw7ggptrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11941046X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79077258">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894725s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894725s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00435034">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cabral, Amílcar <1924-1973>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV086564">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35224709">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20181012110&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX871230">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/18592">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069020442">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90177023">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000376460&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khwzzr035qt7xwj">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812659799805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007271600805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058510530606706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01696512?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/d8da1ede-4326-4179-8cf9-371f2864e025">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/872326">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11941046X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11941046X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026761238">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k08m85">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amílcar_Cabral&oldid=1258339609">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amílcar_Cabral&oldid=1258339609</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1924_births" title="Category:1924 births">1924 births</a></li><li><a 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descent">Bissau-Guinean people of Cape Verdean descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bissau-Guinean_writers" title="Category:Bissau-Guinean writers">Bissau-Guinean writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_firearm_in_Guinea" title="Category:Deaths by firearm in Guinea">Deaths by firearm in Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_anthem_writers" title="Category:National anthem writers">National anthem writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Bafat%C3%A1_Region" title="Category:People from Bafatá Region">People from Bafatá Region</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_murdered_in_Guinea" title="Category:People murdered in Guinea">People murdered in Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_assassinated_in_1973" title="Category:Politicians assassinated in 1973">Politicians assassinated in 1973</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Technical_University_of_Lisbon_alumni" title="Category:Technical University of Lisbon 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