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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Skills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Skills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qualifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qualifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Qualifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Qualifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Qualifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Qualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Australasia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Information professional</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> An <b>information professional</b> or <b>information specialist</b> is someone who collects, records, organises, stores, preserves, retrieves, and disseminates printed or digital information. The service delivered to the client is known as an <b>information service</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-greer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The versatile term "information professional" is used to describe similar and sometimes overlapping professions, such as <a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archivist" title="Archivist">archivists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Information manager">information managers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Information systems">information systems</a> specialists , <a href="/wiki/Information_scientist" title="Information scientist">information scientists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Records_manager" title="Records manager">records managers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-greer_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>information consultants</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but terminology differs among sources and organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-greer_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information professionals work in a variety of private, public, and academic institutions, or independently. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skills">Skills</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Skills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the term information professional is broad, the skills required for this profession are also varied. A <a href="/wiki/Gartner" title="Gartner">Gartner</a> report in 2011 pointed out that "Professional roles focused on information management will be different to that of established IT roles. An 'information professional' will not be one type of role or skill set, but will in fact have a number of specializations". Thus, an information professional can possess a variety of different skills, depending on the sector in which the person is employed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some essential cross-sector skills are:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> skills, such as <a href="/wiki/Word-processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word-processing">word-processing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">spreadsheets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digitisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Digitisation">digitisation</a> skills, and conducting <a href="/wiki/Internet_search" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet search">Internet searches</a>, together with skills loan systems, <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Content_management" title="Content management">content management</a> systems, and specially designed programmes and packages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer_service" title="Customer service">Customer service</a>. An information professional should have the ability to address the information needs of customers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_proficiency" title="Language proficiency">Language proficiency</a>. This is essential in order to manage the information at hand and deal with customer needs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_skills" title="Soft skills">Soft skills</a>. These include skills such as negotiating, <a href="/wiki/Conflict_resolution" title="Conflict resolution">conflict resolution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Time_management" title="Time management">time management</a>.</li> <li>Management training. An information professional should be familiar with notions such as <a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">strategic planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Moreover, an information professional should be skilled in planning and using relevant systems, in capturing and securing information, and in accessing it to deliver service whenever the information is required.<sup id="cite_ref-cip_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cip-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations">Associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most countries have a professional association who oversee the professional and academic standards of librarians and other information professionals. There are also international associations related to LIS (<a href="/wiki/Library_and_information_science" title="Library and information science">library and information science</a>), the most prominent of which is the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions</a> (IFLA). In many countries, LIS courses are accredited by the relevant professional association, as the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> (ALA) in the USA, the <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Library_and_Information_Professionals" title="Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals">Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals</a> (CILIP) in the UK, and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Library_and_Information_Association" title="Australian Library and Information Association">Australian Library and Information Association</a> (ALIA) in Australia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Education_for_librarianship" title="Education for librarianship">Education for librarianship</a></div> <p>Educational institutions around the world offer academic degrees, or degrees on related subjects such as Archival Studies, Information Systems, <a href="/wiki/Information_Management_Body_of_Knowledge" title="Information Management Body of Knowledge">Information Management</a>, and Records Management. Some of the institutions offering information science education refer to themselves as an <a href="/wiki/ISchool" class="mw-redirect" title="ISchool">iSchool</a>, such as the CiSAP (Consortium of iSchools Asia Pacific, founded 2006<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in Asia and the iSchool Caucus in the USA. There are also online <a href="/wiki/E-learning" class="mw-redirect" title="E-learning">e-learning</a> resources, some of which offer certification for information professionals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Information development in Africa started later than in other continents, mainly due to a lack of internet access,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expertise and resources to manage digital infrastructure, and "opportunities for capacity development and knowledge-sharing".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nowadays, academic degrees in information studies are available at many universities of African countries, such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">University of Pretoria</a> (South Africa), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a> (Kenya), <a href="/wiki/Makerere_University" title="Makerere University">Makerere University</a> (Uganda), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Botswana" title="University of Botswana">University of Botswana</a> (Botswana), and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nigeria" title="University of Nigeria">University of Nigeria</a> (Nigeria).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LIS-related studies are available in more than 30 Asian countries.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some examples listed by iSchools Inc. are the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tsukuba" title="University of Tsukuba">University of Tsukuba</a>, Japan, <a href="/wiki/Yonsei_University" title="Yonsei University">Yonsei University</a>, South Korea, <a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan University</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australasia">Australasia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Australasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Library_and_Information_Association" title="Australian Library and Information Association">Australian Library and Information Association</a> (ALIA) as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> lists six schools offering undergraduate and postgraduate accredited university courses for "Librarian and Information Specialists" on their website.<sup id="cite_ref-alia_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alia-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In New Zealand, the <a href="/wiki/Open_Polytechnic_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Polytechnic of New Zealand">Open Polytechnic of New Zealand</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a> offer undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses for information professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of European countries have universities, colleges, or schools which offer bachelor's degrees in LIS studies. Over 40 universities offer master's degrees in LIS-related fields, and many institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_School_of_Library_and_Information_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish School of Library and Information Science">Swedish School of Library and Information Science</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bor%C3%A5s" title="University of Borås">University of Borås</a> (Sweden),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">University of Barcelona</a> (Spain), <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a> (UK), and <a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_University" title="Aberystwyth University">Aberystwyth University</a> (Wales, UK) also offer <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> degrees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Information studies and degrees are available at numerous academic institutions throughout the U.S. and Canada. U.S. professional associations, together with their European counterparts, have undertaken many educational initiatives and pioneered many advances in the field of Information studies, such as increased interdisciplinarity and more effective delivery of distance learning.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Association for Intelligent Information Management, based in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>, offers a qualification called Certified Information Professional (CIP), earned upon passing an examination, with certification remaining valid for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-cip_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cip-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many schools and colleges in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, which offer courses in Library Science, Archival Studies, and Information Studies, however these subjects are taught completely separately.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_science" title="Archival science">Archival science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_UK_Media_Librarians" title="Association of UK Media Librarians">Association of UK Media Librarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_for_librarianship" title="Education for librarianship">Education for librarianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">Information retrieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_school" title="Information school">Information school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_scientist" title="Information scientist">Information scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Knowledge_Organization" title="International Society for Knowledge Organization">International Society for Knowledge Organization</a> (ISKO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_and_information_science" title="Library and information science">Library and information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_library_associations" title="List of library associations">List of library associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKSG" title="UKSG">UKSG</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-greer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greer_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greer_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greer_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreerGroverFowler2007" class="citation book cs1">Greer, R.C.; Grover, R.; Fowler, S.G. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zlm2hJ7H0wIC&pg=PA12"><i>Introduction to the Library and Information Professions</i></a>. NetLibrary, Inc. Libraries Unlimited. pp. 12–15, 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-09580-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-09580-1"><bdi>978-0-313-09580-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Library+and+Information+Professions&rft.series=NetLibrary%2C+Inc.&rft.pages=12-15%2C+79&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-09580-1&rft.aulast=Greer&rft.aufirst=R.C.&rft.au=Grover%2C+R.&rft.au=Fowler%2C+S.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzlm2hJ7H0wIC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliveiraRodriguesPereira2019" class="citation journal cs1">Oliveira, Dalbert Marques; Rodrigues, Luis Silva; Pereira, Patrícia Miranda (November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recipp.ipp.pt/handle/10400.22/16231">"Profile of information professionals: an information science perspective based on the RIM framework"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 34th International Business Information Management Association Conference</i> (34ª): 11233–11241.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+34th+International+Business+Information+Management+Association+Conference&rft.atitle=Profile+of+information+professionals%3A+an+information+science+perspective+based+on+the+RIM+framework&rft.issue=34%C2%AA&rft.pages=11233-11241&rft.date=2019-11&rft.aulast=Oliveira&rft.aufirst=Dalbert+Marques&rft.au=Rodrigues%2C+Luis+Silva&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Patr%C3%ADcia+Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecipp.ipp.pt%2Fhandle%2F10400.22%2F16231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWormellOlesenMikulás2011" class="citation book cs1">Wormell, Irene; Olesen, Annie Joan; Mikulás, Gábor (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781843346623500013"><i>What is information consulting?</i></a>. pp. 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-1-84334-662-3.50001-3">10.1016/B978-1-84334-662-3.50001-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843346623" title="Special:BookSources/9781843346623"><bdi>9781843346623</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210173716/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781843346623500013">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+information+consulting%3F&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-1-84334-662-3.50001-3&rft.isbn=9781843346623&rft.aulast=Wormell&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft.au=Olesen%2C+Annie+Joan&rft.au=Mikul%C3%A1s%2C+G%C3%A1bor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9781843346623500013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/information-consultant">"Information Consultant - an overview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ScienceDirect" title="ScienceDirect">ScienceDirect</a></i>. Topics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308045759/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/information-consultant">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceDirect&rft.atitle=Information+Consultant+-+an+overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Ftopics%2Fcomputer-science%2Finformation-consultant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMancini" class="citation web cs1">Mancini, John F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324094434/http://www.aiim.org/pdfdocuments/Rise-of-the-Information-Professional-White-Paper.pdf">"Rise of the Information Professional: A Career Path for the Digital Economy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. AIIM White Paper. AIIM. p. 4. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%B6gskolan+i+Bor%C3%A5s&rft.atitle=Library+and+Information+Science&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hb.se%2Fen%2Fresearch%2Fresearch-portal%2Fresearch-areas%2Flibrary-and-information-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwensLeonhardt2009" class="citation book cs1">Owens, Irene; Leonhardt, Tom (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783598441349.549/html">"LIS education in North America"</a>. In Abdullahi, Ismail (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2aO_TIeQ4rAC"><i>Global Library and Information Science: A Textbook for Students and Educators: with Contributions from Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East, and North America</i></a>. IFLA publications. K.G. Saur. pp. 549–563. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783598441349.549">10.1515/9783598441349.549</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-598-22042-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-598-22042-5"><bdi>978-3-598-22042-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=LIS+education+in+North+America&rft.btitle=Global+Library+and+Information+Science%3A+A+Textbook+for+Students+and+Educators%3A+with+Contributions+from+Africa%2C+Asia%2C+Australia%2C+New+Zealand%2C+Europe%2C+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean%2C+the+Middle+East%2C+and+North+America&rft.series=IFLA+publications&rft.pages=549-563&rft.pub=K.G.+Saur&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783598441349.549&rft.isbn=978-3-598-22042-5&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft.au=Leonhardt%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783598441349.549%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallardo2009" class="citation book cs1">Gallardo, Adolfo Rodríguez (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783598441349.405/html">"Educational system in Latin America"</a>. In Abdullahi, Ismail (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2aO_TIeQ4rAC"><i>Global Library and Information Science: A Textbook for Students and Educators: with Contributions from Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East, and North America</i></a>. IFLA publications. K.G. Saur. pp. 405–415. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783598441349.405">10.1515/9783598441349.405</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-598-22042-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-598-22042-5"><bdi>978-3-598-22042-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Educational+system+in+Latin+America&rft.btitle=Global+Library+and+Information+Science%3A+A+Textbook+for+Students+and+Educators%3A+with+Contributions+from+Africa%2C+Asia%2C+Australia%2C+New+Zealand%2C+Europe%2C+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean%2C+the+Middle+East%2C+and+North+America&rft.series=IFLA+publications&rft.pages=405-415&rft.pub=K.G.+Saur&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783598441349.405&rft.isbn=978-3-598-22042-5&rft.aulast=Gallardo&rft.aufirst=Adolfo+Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783598441349.405%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarvell2005" class="citation book cs1">Carvell, Linda P. (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/careeropportunit00carv/page/75"><i>Career Opportunities in Library and Information Science</i></a></span>. New York: Checkmark Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/careeropportunit00carv/page/75">75–79, 171–181</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816052455" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816052455"><bdi>978-0816052455</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Career+Opportunities+in+Library+and+Information+Science&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=75-79%2C+171-181&rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0816052455&rft.aulast=Carvell&rft.aufirst=Linda+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcareeropportunit00carv%2Fpage%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorParish2009" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, T. Allan; Parish, James Robert (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/careeropportunit00tayl_220"><i>Career Opportunities in Library and Information Science</i></a></span>. New York: Ferguson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/careeropportunit00tayl_220/page/n230">206</a>–212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816075461" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816075461"><bdi>978-0816075461</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Career+Opportunities+in+Library+and+Information+Science&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=206-212&rft.pub=Ferguson&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0816075461&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=T.+Allan&rft.au=Parish%2C+James+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcareeropportunit00tayl_220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_professional&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/employment/foreigncredentialing/worldlist">"World List"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a></i>. Education & Careers. The World List was devised and developed by Professor Tom Wilson of the University of Sheffield, UK and maintained by him from 1996 to 2013. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Library+Association&rft.atitle=World+List&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Feducationcareers%2Femployment%2Fforeigncredentialing%2Fworldlist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+professional" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span> World List of schools and departments of information science, information management and related disciplines</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libraries_and_library_science" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libraries_and_library_science" title="Template:Libraries and library science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libraries_and_library_science" title="Template talk:Libraries and library science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libraries_and_library_science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libraries and library science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libraries_and_library_science" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Libraries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">library science</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_library" title="Category:Types of library">Types of library</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_library" title="Academic library">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_branch" title="Library branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library#Children's_libraries" title="Library">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_library" title="Christian library">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_consortium" title="Library consortium">Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">shadow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_library" title="Hybrid library">Hybrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_library" title="Law library">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lending_library" title="Lending library">Lending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_things" title="Library of things">Library of things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map_collection" title="Map collection">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_library" title="Medical library">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmobile" title="Bookmobile">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_library" title="Music library">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_library" title="Presidential library">Presidential</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_library_system" title="Presidential library system">U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_library" title="Prison library">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_library" title="Private library">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">Public</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_library" title="Carnegie library">Carnegie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_library" title="Research library">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_library" title="School library">School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Learning_Resource_Centre" title="Learning Resource Centre">Learning Resource Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_school_libraries_in_the_United_States" title="Virtual school libraries in the United States">virtual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_collections" title="Special collections">Special collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_library" title="Special library">Special library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bookcase" title="Public bookcase">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscription_library" title="Subscription library">Subscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_library" title="Tool library">Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_library" title="Toy library">Toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_library" title="Transportation library">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_library" title="Traveling library">Traveling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distance_education_librarian" title="Distance education librarian">Distance education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Science_librarianship" title="E-Science librarianship">E-science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign,_comparative,_and_international_law_librarian" title="Foreign, comparative, and international law librarian">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_librarianship" title="Music librarianship">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensemble_librarianship" title="Ensemble librarianship">ensemble</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodicals_librarian" title="Periodicals librarian">Periodicals/serials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher-librarian" title="Teacher-librarian">School</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Information professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informationist" title="Informationist">Informationist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_and_information_scientist" title="Library and information scientist">Library and information scientist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">Library science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_laws_of_library_science" title="Five laws of library science">Five laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_and_information_science" title="Library and information science">Library and information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_for_librarianship" title="Education for librarianship">Education for librarianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_acquisitions" title="Library acquisitions">Acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archival_science" title="Archival science">Archival science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_assessment" title="Library assessment">Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataloging_(library_science)" title="Cataloging (library science)">Cataloging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_public_access_catalog" title="Online public access catalog">OPAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_circulation" title="Library circulation">Circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_classification" title="Library classification">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_development" title="Collection development">Collection development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_collection" title="Collective collection">Collective collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_system_(bibliographic_search)" title="Discovery system (bibliographic search)">Discovery system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_resource_management" title="Electronic resource management">Electronic resource management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_literacy" title="Information literacy">Information literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventory_(library_and_archive)" title="Inventory (library and archive)">Inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">Legal deposit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_history" title="Library history">Library history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_instruction" title="Library instruction">Library instruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_management" title="Library management">Library management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_publishing" title="Library publishing">Library publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readers%27_advisory" title="Readers' advisory">Readers' advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_desk" title="Reference desk">Reference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_reference" title="Digital reference">virtual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roving_reference" title="Roving reference">roving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_technical_services" title="Library technical services">Technical services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeding_(library)" title="Weeding (library)">Weeding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_libraries" title="History of libraries">History of libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_science#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">History of library science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Library_nav" title="Template:Library nav">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries" title="List of libraries">Libraries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of libraries by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_libraries" title="List of largest libraries">by size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_the_ancient_world" title="List of libraries in the ancient world">ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyed_libraries" title="List of destroyed libraries">destroyed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_libraries" title="List of medical libraries">medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_and_state_libraries" title="List of national and state libraries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_library_associations" title="List of library associations">Library associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_library_science_schools" title="List of library science schools">Library schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_librarians" title="List of librarians">Librarians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_librarians" title="List of female librarians">women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_and_librarians_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Libraries and librarians in fiction">fictional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archivists" title="List of archivists">Archivists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_archivists" title="List of female archivists">women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Libraries" title="Category:Libraries">Category:Libraries</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Library_science" title="Category:Library science">Category:Library science</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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