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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dayak+people" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p> The <b>Dayak</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7e\/En-us-Dayak_from_Indonesia_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg\/En-us-Dayak_from_Indonesia_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Dayak from Indonesia pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/En-us-Dayak_from_Indonesia_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg/En-us-Dayak_from_Indonesia_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Dayak_from_Indonesia_pronunciation_(Voice_of_America).ogg" title="File:En-us-Dayak from Indonesia pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Van_Ophuijsen_Spelling_System" title="Van Ophuijsen Spelling System">older spelling</a>: <b>Dajak</b>) or <b>Dyak</b> or <b>Dayuh</b> are one of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous groups">native groups</a> of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory, and culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily identifiable. The Dayak were <a href="/wiki/Animist" class="mw-redirect" title="Animist">animist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a> and Folk Hindus) in belief; however, since the 19th century there has been mass conversion to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Dayaks</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><i>Dayak</i><br><i>Dyak</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_Dajak_in_krijgskleding_TMnr_60033041.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_Dajak_in_krijgskleding_TMnr_60033041.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_Dajak_in_krijgskleding_TMnr_60033041.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_Dajak_in_krijgskleding_TMnr_60033041.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_Dajak_in_krijgskleding_TMnr_60033041.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_Dajak_in_krijgskleding_TMnr_60033041.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_Dajak_in_krijgskleding_TMnr_60033041.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="700"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Dayak chief as seen holding a spear and a <a href="/wiki/Klebit_Bok" title="Klebit Bok">Klebit Bok</a> shield.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 4.2 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><b><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></b></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3,289,938<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><b><span data-sort-value="Malaysia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></b></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 911,894<sup id="cite_ref-popbreakdown_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popbreakdown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Indigenous</b><br><a href="/wiki/Greater_North_Borneo_languages" title="Greater North Borneo languages">Greater North Borneo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_Dayak_languages" title="Land Dayak languages">Land Dayak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayan-Murik_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayan-Murik languages">Kayan-Murik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Sarawak_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Sarawak languages">Central Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Sarawak_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Sarawak languages">North Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabahan_languages" title="Sabahan languages">Sabahan</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Barito_languages" title="Barito languages">Barito</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tamanic_languages" title="Tamanic languages">Tamanic</a> <br><b>Other</b><br> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_English" title="Malaysian English">English</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malaysian</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Predominantly</b><br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/20px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/40px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564"></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Catholic</a>) (62.7%)<br><b>Minorities</b><br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/20px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/40px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216"></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>) (31.6%)<br><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a> (4.8%)<br>and Others (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a>) (0.9%)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a></b><br><a href="/wiki/Banjar_people" title="Banjar people">Banjarese</a> • Bornean <a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Malays</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau people">Sama-Bajau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rejang_people" title="Rejang people">Rejang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malagasy people">Malagasy</a>, etc. </td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandung_101014-7588_mp.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sandung_101014-7588_mp.JPG/250px-Sandung_101014-7588_mp.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sandung_101014-7588_mp.JPG/330px-Sandung_101014-7588_mp.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Sandung_101014-7588_mp.JPG/500px-Sandung_101014-7588_mp.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000"></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Sandung" title="Sandung">sandung</a></i>, housing the remains of a Pesaguan Dayak after <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiwah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiwah (page does not exist)">Tiwah</a> ceremony which is a part of <a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a> religion rituals.</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ethnicity_and_languages"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Ethnicity and languages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Kaharingan"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Kaharingan</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Christianity"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Christianity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Islam"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Islam</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Society_and_customs"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Society and customs</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Economic_activities"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economic activities</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Toplessness"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Toplessness</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Tattoo"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Tattoo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Elongated_earlobes"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Elongated earlobes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Longhouses"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Longhouses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Beadworks"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Beadworks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Metal-working"><span class="tocnumber">4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Metal-working</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Headhunting_and_peacemaking"><span class="tocnumber">4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Headhunting and peacemaking</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Military"><span class="tocnumber">4.9</span> <span class="toctext">Military</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>It is commonly assumed that the name originates from the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Bruneian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanau_language" title="Melanau language">Melanau</a> word for "interior people", without any reference to an exact ethnic group. Particularly, it derives from a related <a href="/wiki/Kenyah_languages" title="Kenyah languages">Kenyah</a> word for "upstream" (compare with ethnonym <a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang" title="Lun Bawang">Lun <i>Dayeh</i></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was adopted by Dutch and German authors as an umbrella term for any non-Muslim natives of Borneo. Thus, historically, the difference between Dayak and non-Dayak natives could be understood as a religious distinction. English writers disapproved of the classification made by the Dutch and Germans, with <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a> preferring to use the term Dayak for only two distinct groups, the Land (Bidayuh) and Sea Dayaks (Iban).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch classification from the 19th century has since continued in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> as a catch-all term for indigenous, often non-Muslim tribes on the island until today. The term gained traction in the early 1900s among rising middle class and intellectual figures (such as <a href="/wiki/Hausman_Baboe" title="Hausman Baboe">Hausman Baboe</a>) from those tribes and being used as a unifying term for Dayaks in Kalimantan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the term Dayak generally reserves as an almost exclusively reference to the natives of <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a> (previously referred as Sea Dayaks) and <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> (known as Land Dayak in the past).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some modern interpretations of the term also include the <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Orang Ulu</a> groups in Sarawak.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Ethnicity_and_languages">Ethnicity and languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ethnicity and languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p><span class="anchor" id="Languages"></span> Dayaks do not speak just one language.<sup id="cite_ref-Ave_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ave-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their indigenous languages belong to different subgroups of the <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Land_Dayak_languages" title="Land Dayak languages">Land Dayak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabahan_languages" title="Sabahan languages">Sabahan</a> (although the inclusion of Sabahan groups into Dayaks is not common in Malaysia), and <a href="/wiki/Barito_languages" title="Barito languages">Barito</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nowadays most Dayaks are bilingual, in addition to their native language, are well-versed in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>, depending on their country of origin. Many of Borneo's languages are endemic (which means they are spoken nowhere else). This cultural and linguistic diversity parallels the high biodiversity and related <a href="/wiki/Traditional_knowledge" title="Traditional knowledge">traditional knowledge</a> of Borneo. </p><p>It is estimated that around 170 languages and dialects are spoken on the island and some by just a few hundred people, thus posing a serious risk to the future of those languages and related heritage. </p><p>In 1954, <a href="/wiki/Tjilik_Riwut" title="Tjilik Riwut">Tjilik Riwut</a> classified the various Dayak groups into 18 tribes throughout the island of Borneo, with 403 sub-tribes according to their respective native languages, customs, and cultures. However, he did not specify the name of the sub-tribes in his publication:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;">Cluster </th> <th style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;">Tribe </th> <th style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;">Number of sub-tribes </th> <th style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;">Regions with significant population<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>I. Ngaju </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ngaju_people" title="Ngaju people">Ngaju</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27anyan_people" title="Ma'anyan people">Ma'anyan</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Lawangan_people" title="Lawangan people">Lawangan</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27anyan_people" title="Ma'anyan people">Dusun</a><br> </p> </td> <td> <p>53<br> 8<br> 21<br> 8<br> </p> </td> <td>Central-Southern Borneo </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>II. Apukayan </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Kenyah_people" title="Kenyah people">Kenyah</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Kayan_people_(Borneo)" title="Kayan people (Borneo)">Kayan</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Bahau_people" title="Bahau people">Bahau</a><br> </p> </td> <td> <p>24<br> 10<br> 26<br> </p> </td> <td>Eastern Borneo </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>III. Iban/Sea Dayaks </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a> </p> </td> <td> <p>11<br> </p> </td> <td>Northwestern inland and coastal Borneo </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>IV. <a href="/wiki/Klemantan_people" title="Klemantan people">Klemantan</a>/Land Dayaks </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" title="Bidayuh">Klemantan</a><br> Ketungau<br> </p> </td> <td> <p>47<br> 40<br> </p> </td> <td>Northwestern outback Borneo </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>V. <a href="/wiki/Melanau%E2%80%93Kajang_languages" title="Melanau–Kajang languages">Punan</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Basap_language" title="Basap language">Basap</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Punan_Bah" title="Punan Bah">Punan</a><br> Ot<br> </p> </td> <td> <p>20<br> 24<br> 5<br> </p> </td> <td>Central-East Borneo </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>VI. Murut </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ida%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida'an">Idaan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dusun_people" title="Dusun people">Dusun</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Murut_people" title="Murut people">Murut</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Tidung_people" title="Tidung people">Tidung</a><br> </p> </td> <td> <p>6<br> 10<br> 28<br> </p> </td> <td>Northern Borneo </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>VII. Ot Danum </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ot_Danum_people" title="Ot Danum people">Ot Danum</a> </p> </td> <td> <p>61<br> </p> </td> <td>Central-Southern Borneo </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Religion of Dayak People in Indonesia</div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Purple;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> (32.1%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkGreen;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslim</a> (31.6%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkBlue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> (30.6%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkRed;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a> (4.8%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Black;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Others, mostly <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a> (0.9%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:Black;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Others, mostly Animism (0.9%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie25" style="background:Purple;color:#000" title="Roman Catholic (32.1%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:Purple;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.071turn)" title="Roman Catholic (32.1%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:DarkGreen;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.321turn)" title="Sunni Muslim (31.6%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:DarkGreen;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.387turn)" title="Sunni Muslim (31.6%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:DarkBlue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.637turn)" title="Protestant (30.6%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:DarkBlue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.693turn)" title="Protestant (30.6%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.943turn); background:DarkRed;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 31.10824286% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Hinduism/Kaharingan (4.8%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kaharingan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panaturan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Panaturan.jpg/220px-Panaturan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3495" data-file-height="4960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 312px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Panaturan.jpg/220px-Panaturan.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="312" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Panaturan.jpg/330px-Panaturan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Panaturan.jpg/440px-Panaturan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Panaturan scripture from 1992 edition.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Indonesia, the Dayak indigenous religion has been given the name <a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a> and may be said to be a form of <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>. In 1945, during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation</a>, the Japanese referred to Kaharingan as the religion of the Dayak people. During the <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> regime in 1980, the Kaharingan is registered as a form of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Indonesia" title="Hinduism in Indonesia">Hinduism in Indonesia</a>, as the Indonesian state prior to 2017<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only recognised <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia#State-recognised_religions" title="Religion in Indonesia">6 forms of religion</a> i.e. Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism respectively. The integration of Kaharingan with Hinduism is not due to the similarities in the theological system, but because Kaharingan is the oldest belief in Kalimantan. Unlike the development in Indonesian Kalimantan, Kaharingan is not used as a religious designation in Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore, thus the traditional Dayak belief system is categorized as a form of folk animism or paganism outside of the Indonesian border.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After wider recognition of indigenous beliefs in Indonesia in 2017, Kaharingan has been sometimes included under the umbrella term <a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a>, though some Kaharingan activists still demands further recognition as a separate religion outside of the umbrella term.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The practice of Kaharingan differs from group to group, but shamans, specialists in ecstatic flight to other spheres, are central to Dayak religion and serve to bring together the various realms of Heaven (Upper-world) and earth, and even Under-world, for example healing the sick by retrieving their souls which are journeying on their way to the Upper-world land of the dead, accompanying and protecting the soul of a dead person on the way to their proper place in the Upper-world, presiding over annual renewal and agricultural regeneration festivals, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Death rituals are most elaborate when a noble (<i>kamang</i>) dies.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the institutionalization of Kaharingan beliefs in Indonesia, Kaharingan practices in Kalimantan have been recently codified and remolded into more organized religion, such as with codification of <i>Panaturan</i> as scripture of Kaharingan in 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creation of official Kaharingan body Hindu Kaharingan Religion Council (<i>Majelis Agama Hindu Kaharingan</i>) in 1980, and standarization of its house of worship buildings called <i>Balai Basarah</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Over the last two centuries, many Dayaks have converted to Christianity, making them the majority of Christians in Borneo, abandoning certain cultural rites and traditional practices in the process. Christianity was introduced by European missionaries in Borneo by <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Missionary_Society" title="Rhenish Missionary Society">Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft</a> (later followed up by the <a href="/wiki/Basel_Mission" title="Basel Mission">Basler Mission</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religious differences between Muslim and Christian natives of Borneo have led, at various times, to communal tensions.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations, however between all religious groups are generally good. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Islam" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Traditionally, in many parts of Borneo, embracing the Muslim faith is equated with <a href="/wiki/Malayisation" title="Malayisation">Malayisation</a> (Indonesian/Malay: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">masuk Melayu</i></span>), i.e. assimilation into the broader <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay ethnicity</a>. There are, however, several Dayak sub-ethnicities (mainly in <a href="/wiki/Central_Kalimantan" title="Central Kalimantan">Central Kalimantan</a>) that predominantly adhere to Islam, but self-identify as Dayaks. These include e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Bakumpai_people" title="Bakumpai people">Bakumpai people</a>, who converted to Islam in the 19th century, but still have strong linguistic and cultural ties to the <a href="/wiki/Ngaju_people" title="Ngaju people">Ngaju people</a>. They have adopted a positive attitude towards the label "Dayak" and self-identify as <i>Muslim Dayaks</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Society_and_customs">Society and customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Society and customs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dayak_in_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayak in politics">Dayak in politics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tari_Hudoq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tari_Hudoq.jpg/220px-Tari_Hudoq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tari_Hudoq.jpg/220px-Tari_Hudoq.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tari_Hudoq.jpg/330px-Tari_Hudoq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tari_Hudoq.jpg/440px-Tari_Hudoq.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i>Hudoq</i> dance, a <a href="/wiki/Bahau_people" title="Bahau people">Bahau</a> performance before the land clearing ceremony</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_activities">Economic activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economic activities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Historically, most of the Dayak people are <a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">swidden</a> cultivators who supplement their incomes by seeking forest products, both for subsistence (ferns, medicinal plants, fibers, and timber) and for sale; by fishing and hunting and by periodic wage labor.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presently, many modern-day Dayaks are also actively engaged in many contemporary economic activities, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Borneo#10_largest_cities_and_towns_in_Borneo_by_population" title="Borneo">urban areas</a> of Borneo.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toplessness">Toplessness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Toplessness" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian archipelago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">toplessness</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Norm_(social)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norm (social)">norm</a> among the Dayak people, <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese people</a> of Indonesia before <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">the introduction of Islam</a> and contact with Western cultures. In Javanese and Balinese societies, women worked or rested comfortably topless. Among the Dayak, only big-breasted women or married women with <a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(breasts)" title="Ptosis (breasts)">sagging</a> breasts covered their breasts because they interfered with their work. With the availability of shirts, toplessness was abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tattoo">Tattoo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tattoo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handtatoeage_op_Borneo,_KITLV_173537.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Handtatoeage_op_Borneo%2C_KITLV_173537.tiff/lossy-page1-100px-Handtatoeage_op_Borneo%2C_KITLV_173537.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="252" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="2856"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 252px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Handtatoeage_op_Borneo%2C_KITLV_173537.tiff/lossy-page1-100px-Handtatoeage_op_Borneo%2C_KITLV_173537.tiff.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="252" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Handtatoeage_op_Borneo%2C_KITLV_173537.tiff/lossy-page1-150px-Handtatoeage_op_Borneo%2C_KITLV_173537.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Handtatoeage_op_Borneo%2C_KITLV_173537.tiff/lossy-page1-200px-Handtatoeage_op_Borneo%2C_KITLV_173537.tiff.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A Dayak tattoo design in Kalimantan, c. 1880.</figcaption></figure> <p>In many Dayak societies, a <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a> is regarded as a sacred creation that consolidates together the images of humans, flora, and fauna into a single body art.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tattoo is used as a spiritual expression of life, to unify the living, the spiritual powers, and the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, there are various reasons why a Dayak man or woman would choose body art. For some, it was used to mark a person's ethnic origin and rank the society. For others, the tattoo served as an act of devotion, as a demonstration of skills, to commemorate a special occasion in life, or as a symbol for the <a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">rite of passage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elongated_earlobes">Elongated earlobes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Elongated earlobes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Amongst several Dayak groups in the past, long female <a href="/wiki/Earlobe" title="Earlobe">earlobes</a> are regarded as a symbol of beauty. The <a href="/wiki/Stretching_(body_piercing)" title="Stretching (body piercing)">elongation process</a> usually begins when the child is about 4 years old. During the initial stage, her ears will be pierced by an earring, so that the hisang (a special heavy silver or bronze earring) can be worn on her ears. </p><p>A new hisang will gradually be added with age. After a woman is married, her hisang will potentially be up to 20 pieces per-ear. As the hisang was sourced from precious and expansive metals like silver and bronze, it can signify her <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">status</a>, wealth, and social standing within the society. Thus, the longer her earlobes, the more important she is to the community. Presently, the practice of having stretched earlobes is almost limited to the elderly, as the practice of applying hisang amongst newborn babies has been rare since the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longhouses">Longhouses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Longhouses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg/250px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="501"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg/250px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg/500px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_binnengalerij_van_een_Kayan_Dajak_huis_met_schedels_en_wapens_aan_de_muur_TMnr_10018343.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The gallery of a <a href="/wiki/Kayan_people_(Borneo)" title="Kayan people (Borneo)">Kayan Dayak</a> longhouse with skulls and weapons along the wall, exhibiting their headhunter culture</figcaption></figure> <p>In the traditional Dayak society, the <a href="/wiki/Long_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Long house">long house</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lamin_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamin House">Lamin House</a>, is regarded as the heart of the community, it functions as the village, as well as the societal architectural expression. This large building, sometimes exceeding 200 meters in length, may be divided into independent household apartments. The building is also equipped with communal areas for cooking, ceremonies, socializing, and blacksmithing. </p><p>The superstructure is not solely about architecture and design. It is a part of the Dayak traditional political entity and administrative system. Thus, culturally the people residing in the longhouse are governed by the customs and traditions of the longhouse.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beadworks">Beadworks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Beadworks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg/250px-Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="832"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg/250px-Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg" data-width="175" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg/330px-Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg/500px-Wovensouls-Dayak-Baby-Carrier-Old.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A traditional Dayak beaded <a href="/wiki/Baby_sling" title="Baby sling">baby carrier</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Based on the archeological records in Borneo, it was discovered that the early inhabitants of the island had used organic materials to make simple <a href="/wiki/Bead" title="Bead">beads</a>. The beads were originally sourced from stones, bones, teeth, and shells. When the foreign traders arrived between the 8th-9th century, they further enhanced the ancient bead cultures of Borneo with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Glass_bead_making" title="Glass bead making">colourful glass beads</a>. These early beads are usually small, in basic colours of red, yellow, white, turquoise, and black. These were followed by multicolored beads around the 1500s-1600s.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">beadworks</a> have occupied a pivotal status in various Dayak communities. In many Dayak cultures, beads are not solely regarded as ornamental objects, but they are a major cultural influence.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the beads only being used for ritualistic practices and are worn during such ceremonies. While heirloom beads (known as pesaka) are regarded as an important family heirloom and oftentimes being inherited from one generation to another. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal-working">Metal-working</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Metal-working" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metalworking</a> is elaborately developed in making <span title="uncoded-language romanization"><i lang="mis-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mandau_(knife)" title="Mandau (knife)">mandaus</a></i></span> (machetes – <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ms-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Parang_(knife)" title="Parang (knife)">parang</a></i></span> in Malay and Indonesian). The blade is made of softer iron, to prevent breakage, with a narrow strip of a harder iron wedged into a slot in the cutting edge for sharpness in a process called <span title="uncoded-language romanization"><i lang="mis-Latn">ngamboh</i></span> (iron-smithing). </p><p>In headhunting, it was necessary to be able to draw the <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ms-Latn">parang</i></span> quickly. For this purpose, the <span title="uncoded-language romanization"><i lang="mis-Latn">mandau</i></span> is fairly short, which also better serves the purpose of trail cutting in dense forests. It is holstered with the cutting edge facing upwards and at that side, there is an upward protrusion on the handle, so it can be drawn very quickly with the side of the hand without having to reach over and grasp the handle first. The hand can then grasp the handle while it is being drawn. The combination of these three factors (short, cutting edge up, and protrusion) makes for an extremely fast drawing-action. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headhunting_and_peacemaking">Headhunting and peacemaking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Headhunting and peacemaking" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg/250px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="502"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg/250px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="158" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg/500px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_vanaf_de_Kahajan_rivier_op_de_Dajak_kampong_Toembanganoi_Midden-Borneo._TMnr_60010391.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The Dayak longhouses along the <a href="/wiki/Kahayan_River" title="Kahayan River">Kahayan River</a> taken in <i>Tumbang Anoi village</i> (c. 1894). </figcaption></figure> <p>In the past, the Dayaks were feared for their ancient tradition of <a href="/wiki/Headhunting" title="Headhunting">headhunting</a> practices (the ritual is also known as <i>Ngayau</i> by the Dayaks). </p><p>Among the most prominent legacies during the colonial rule in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch Borneo</a> (present-day Kalimantan) is the <i>Tumbang Anoi Agreement</i> held in 1894 in Damang Batu, Central Kalimantan (the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Ngaju_people" title="Ngaju people">Kahayan Dayaks</a>). It is a formal meeting that gathered all the Dayak tribes in Kalimantan for a peace resolution. In the meeting that is reputed to take several months, the Dayak people throughout the Kalimantan agreed to end the headhunting tradition as it believed the tradition caused conflict and tension between various Dayak groups. The meeting ended with a peace resolution by the Dayak people.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, the headhunting began to surface again in the mid-1940s, when the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied powers</a> encouraged the practice against the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> occupation of Borneo.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also slightly surged in the late 1960s when the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Indonesian government</a> encouraged Dayaks to purge the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a> from interior Kalimantan who were suspected of supporting communism in mainland China, and in a period of high tension between <a href="/wiki/Madurese_people" title="Madurese people">Madurese</a> emigrants and Dayak during the <a href="/wiki/Sambas_riots" title="Sambas riots">Sambas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sampit_conflict" title="Sampit conflict">Sampit</a> conflicts around the turn of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Military" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Dayak soldiers or trackers are regarded as equivalent in bravery to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scots" title="Royal Scots">Royal Scots</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkha</a> soldiers. The Sarawak Rangers were absorbed into the British Army as the Far East Land Forces which could be deployed anywhere in the world but upon the formation of Malaysia in 1963, it formed the basis of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ranger_Regiment" title="Royal Ranger Regiment">Royal Ranger Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in Indonesia, <a href="/wiki/Tjilik_Riwut" title="Tjilik Riwut">Tjilik Riwut</a> was remembered as he led the first <a href="/wiki/Airborne_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne operation">airborne operation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">the Indonesian National Armed Forces</a> on 17 October 1947. The team was known as MN 1001, with 17 October celebrated annually as the anniversary date for the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Paskhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Paskhas">Paskhas</a>, which traces its origins to that pioneer paratroop operation in Borneo.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maanyan_Women_at_Keang_Ethnic_Festival_151030003.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ma'anyan women during Keang Ethnic Festival"><noscript><img alt="Ma'anyan women during Keang Ethnic Festival" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maanyan_Women_at_Keang_Ethnic_Festival_151030003.JPG/120px-Maanyan_Women_at_Keang_Ethnic_Festival_151030003.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maanyan_Women_at_Keang_Ethnic_Festival_151030003.JPG/120px-Maanyan_Women_at_Keang_Ethnic_Festival_151030003.JPG" data-alt="Ma'anyan women during Keang Ethnic Festival" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maanyan_Women_at_Keang_Ethnic_Festival_151030003.JPG/250px-Maanyan_Women_at_Keang_Ethnic_Festival_151030003.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anyan_people" title="Ma'anyan people">Ma'anyan</a> women during Keang Ethnic Festival</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colorful wall art by the Kenyah people"><noscript><img alt="Colorful wall art by the Kenyah people" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg/120px-Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="489"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg/120px-Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg" data-alt="Colorful wall art by the Kenyah people" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg/180px-Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg/240px-Kenyah_mural_painting.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Colorful wall art by the <a href="/wiki/Kenyah_people" title="Kenyah people">Kenyah</a> people</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Iban_Warrior,_Sarawak,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Iban (Sea Dayak) man from Sarawak in his warrior costume"><noscript><img alt="An Iban (Sea Dayak) man from Sarawak in his warrior costume" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/An_Iban_Warrior%2C_Sarawak%2C_Malaysia.jpg/120px-An_Iban_Warrior%2C_Sarawak%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="4079"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/An_Iban_Warrior%2C_Sarawak%2C_Malaysia.jpg/120px-An_Iban_Warrior%2C_Sarawak%2C_Malaysia.jpg" data-alt="An Iban (Sea Dayak) man from Sarawak in his warrior costume" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/An_Iban_Warrior%2C_Sarawak%2C_Malaysia.jpg/250px-An_Iban_Warrior%2C_Sarawak%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a> (Sea Dayak) man from Sarawak in his warrior costume</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumah_Adat_Bidayuh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Baluk in Jagoi Babang, West Kalimantan, the ceremonial hall for Bidayuh (Land Dayak) people"><noscript><img alt="A Baluk in Jagoi Babang, West Kalimantan, the ceremonial hall for Bidayuh (Land Dayak) people" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rumah_Adat_Bidayuh.jpg/120px-Rumah_Adat_Bidayuh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 68px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rumah_Adat_Bidayuh.jpg/120px-Rumah_Adat_Bidayuh.jpg" data-alt="A Baluk in Jagoi Babang, West Kalimantan, the ceremonial hall for Bidayuh (Land Dayak) people" data-width="120" data-height="68" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rumah_Adat_Bidayuh.jpg/250px-Rumah_Adat_Bidayuh.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <i>Baluk</i> in <a href="/wiki/Bengkayang_Regency" title="Bengkayang Regency">Jagoi Babang</a>, West Kalimantan, the ceremonial hall for <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> (Land Dayak) people</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo,_KITLV_173982.tiff" class="mw-file-description" title="A Punan girl, some Dayak tribes are known for their elongated earlobes formed by iron earrings (1931-1932)"><noscript><img alt="A Punan girl, some Dayak tribes are known for their elongated earlobes formed by iron earrings (1931-1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo%2C_KITLV_173982.tiff/lossy-page1-84px-Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo%2C_KITLV_173982.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2733" data-file-height="3892"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 84px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo%2C_KITLV_173982.tiff/lossy-page1-84px-Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo%2C_KITLV_173982.tiff.jpg" data-alt="A Punan girl, some Dayak tribes are known for their elongated earlobes formed by iron earrings (1931-1932)" data-width="84" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo%2C_KITLV_173982.tiff/lossy-page1-126px-Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo%2C_KITLV_173982.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo%2C_KITLV_173982.tiff/lossy-page1-168px-Poenan_meisje_in_de_Apo_Kajan_op_Oost-Borneo%2C_KITLV_173982.tiff.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Punan_Bah" title="Punan Bah">Punan</a> girl, some Dayak tribes are known for their <a href="/wiki/Stretching_(body_piercing)" title="Stretching (body piercing)">elongated earlobes</a> formed by iron earrings (1931-1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lansaran_(9282850708).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lansaran, a Murut traditional trampoline game"><noscript><img alt="Lansaran, a Murut traditional trampoline game" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lansaran_%289282850708%29.jpg/80px-Lansaran_%289282850708%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lansaran_%289282850708%29.jpg/80px-Lansaran_%289282850708%29.jpg" data-alt="Lansaran, a Murut traditional trampoline game" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lansaran_%289282850708%29.jpg/120px-Lansaran_%289282850708%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lansaran_%289282850708%29.jpg/161px-Lansaran_%289282850708%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Lansaran</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Murut_people" title="Murut people">Murut</a> traditional <a href="/wiki/Trampoline" title="Trampoline">trampoline</a> game</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A tattooed Dayak man from Central Borneo, possibly of Ot Danum origin (1880-1920)"><noscript><img alt="A tattooed Dayak man from Central Borneo, possibly of Ot Danum origin (1880-1920)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg/80px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg/80px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg" data-alt="A tattooed Dayak man from Central Borneo, possibly of Ot Danum origin (1880-1920)" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg/121px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg/161px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Getatoe%C3%ABerde_Dajak_Borneo_TMnr_10002836.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Bornean_traditional_tattooing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornean traditional tattooing">tattooed</a> Dayak man from Central Borneo, possibly of <a href="/wiki/Ot_Danum_people" title="Ot Danum people">Ot Danum</a> origin (1880-1920)</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dayak_people" title="List of Dayak people">List of Dayak people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapeh" title="Sapeh">Sapeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_tiger#In_culture" title="Bornean tiger">View of the tiger</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Austronesian+Comparative+Dictionary+Online&rft.atitle=%2Adaya+upriver%2C+toward+the+interior&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Blust&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Truseel%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facd.clld.org%2Fcognatesets%2F30288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillotson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Tillotson (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/116158">"Who invented the Dayaks? : historical case studies in art, material culture and ethnic identity from Borneo"</a>. <i>Open Research Library</i>. Australian National University: 2 v. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25911%2F5d70f0cb47d77">10.25911/5d70f0cb47d77</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Research+Library&rft.atitle=Who+invented+the+Dayaks%3F+%3A+historical+case+studies+in+art%2C+material+culture+and+ethnic+identity+from+Borneo&rft.pages=2+v&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25911%2F5d70f0cb47d77&rft.au=Tillotson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fhandle%2F1885%2F116158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Klinken2007" class="citation journal cs1">van Klinken, Gerry (15 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1030241">"Dayak Ethnogenesis and Conservative Politics in Indonesia's Outer Islands"</a>. Rochester, NY. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1030241">1030241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dayak+Ethnogenesis+and+Conservative+Politics+in+Indonesia%27s+Outer+Islands&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1030241%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=van+Klinken&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D1030241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dayak">"Dayak"</a>. <i>Britanicca</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britanicca&rft.atitle=Dayak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FDayak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/communities/indigenous-peoples-and-ethnic-minorities-in-sarawak/">"Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in Sarawak in Malaysia"</a>. <i>Minority Rights Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minority+Rights+Group&rft.atitle=Indigenous+peoples+and+ethnic+minorities+in+Sarawak+in+Malaysia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fcommunities%2Findigenous-peoples-and-ethnic-minorities-in-sarawak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ave-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ave_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvé1972" class="citation book cs1">Avé, J. B. (1972). "Kalimantan Dyaks". In LeBar, Frank M. (ed.). <i>Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia, Volume 1: Indonesia, Andaman Islands, and Madagascar</i>. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">185–</span>187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87536-403-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87536-403-2"><bdi>978-0-87536-403-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kalimantan+Dyaks&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+Insular+Southeast+Asia%2C+Volume+1%3A+Indonesia%2C+Andaman+Islands%2C+and+Madagascar&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E185-%3C%2Fspan%3E187&rft.pub=Human+Relations+Area+Files+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-87536-403-2&rft.aulast=Av%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelaar1995" class="citation journal cs1">Adelaar, K. Alexander (1995). Bellwood, Peter; Fox. James J.; Tryon, Darrell (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629211758/http://press.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/pdf/austronesians-whole.pdf">"Borneo as a cross-roads for comparative Austronesian linguistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives</i> (online ed.). Canberra, Australia: Department of Anthropology, The Australian National University: <span class="nowrap">81–</span>102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-920942-85-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-920942-85-4"><bdi>978-1-920942-85-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/pdf/austronesians-whole.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Austronesians%3A+Historical+and+Comparative+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Borneo+as+a+cross-roads+for+comparative+Austronesian+linguistics&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-920942-85-4&rft.aulast=Adelaar&rft.aufirst=K.+Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.anu.edu.au%2Faustronesians%2Faustronesians%2Fpdf%2Faustronesians-whole.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the language list at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209002318/http://www.kitlv.nl/thesaurus/00001573.htm">"Borneo Languages: Languages of Kalimantan, Indonesia and East Malaysia"</a>. <i>Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitlv.nl/thesaurus/00001573.htm">the original</a> on 9 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Netherlands+Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+and+Caribbean+Studies%2C+Koninklijk+Instituut+voor+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde+%28KITLV%29&rft.atitle=Borneo+Languages%3A+Languages+of+Kalimantan%2C+Indonesia+and+East+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitlv.nl%2Fthesaurus%2F00001573.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasri_Singarimbun1991" class="citation journal cs1">Masri Singarimbun (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jurnal-humaniora/article/view/2083/1883">"Beberapa aspek kehidupan masyarakat Dayak"</a>. <i>Humaniora</i>. <b>3</b>: <span class="nowrap">139–</span>151<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humaniora&rft.atitle=Beberapa+aspek+kehidupan+masyarakat+Dayak&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Masri+Singarimbun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjurnal.ugm.ac.id%2Fjurnal-humaniora%2Farticle%2Fview%2F2083%2F1883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasri_Singaribum" class="citation web cs1">Masri Singaribum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355116976">"Beberapa Aspek Kehidupan Masyarakat Dayak"</a>. <i>media.neliti</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=media.neliti&rft.atitle=Beberapa+Aspek+Kehidupan+Masyarakat+Dayak&rft.au=Masri+Singaribum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F355116976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-41886935">"Putusan MK 'angin segar' dan 'memulihkan martabat' penghayat kepercayaan"</a>. <i>BBC News Indonesia</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Indonesia&rft.atitle=Putusan+MK+%27angin+segar%27+dan+%27memulihkan+martabat%27+penghayat+kepercayaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Findonesia%2Findonesia-41886935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaier2007" class="citation journal cs1">Baier, Martin (2007). "The Development of the Hindu Kaharingan Religion: A New Dayak Religion in Central Kalimantan". <i>Anthropos</i>. <b>102</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">566–</span>570. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5771%2F0257-9774-2007-2-566">10.5771/0257-9774-2007-2-566</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40389742">40389742</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropos&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+the+Hindu+Kaharingan+Religion%3A+A+New+Dayak+Religion+in+Central+Kalimantan&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E566-%3C%2Fspan%3E570&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5771%2F0257-9774-2007-2-566&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40389742%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Baier&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTRIWIBOWO2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">TRIWIBOWO, DIONISIUS REYNALDO (2 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kompas.id/baca/dikbud/2021/06/02/penghayat-kaharingan-tetap-berjuang-agar-diakui-negara">"Penghayat Kaharingan Tetap Berjuang agar Diakui Negara"</a>. <i>kompas.id</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kompas.id&rft.atitle=Penghayat+Kaharingan+Tetap+Berjuang+agar+Diakui+Negara&rft.date=2021-06-02&rft.aulast=TRIWIBOWO&rft.aufirst=DIONISIUS+REYNALDO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompas.id%2Fbaca%2Fdikbud%2F2021%2F06%2F02%2Fpenghayat-kaharingan-tetap-berjuang-agar-diakui-negara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdmin_12022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Admin 1 (28 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abdipersadafm.co.id/2022/06/28/penganut-kaharingan-kini-tercatat-dalam-administrasi-kependudukan/">"Penganut Kaharingan Kini Tercatat Dalam Administrasi Kependudukan"</a>. <i>LPPL Radio Abdi Persada 104,7 FM</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LPPL+Radio+Abdi+Persada+104%2C7+FM&rft.atitle=Penganut+Kaharingan+Kini+Tercatat+Dalam+Administrasi+Kependudukan&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft.au=Admin+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabdipersadafm.co.id%2F2022%2F06%2F28%2Fpenganut-kaharingan-kini-tercatat-dalam-administrasi-kependudukan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The most detailed study of the shamanistic ritual at funerals is by Waldemar Stöhr, <i>Der Totenkult der Ngadju Dajak in Süd-Borneo. Mythen zum Totenkult und die Texte zum Tantolak Matei</i> (Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowling1992" class="citation journal cs1">Dowling, Nancy (1992). "The Javanization of Indian Art". <i>Indonesia</i>. <b>54</b> (54): <span class="nowrap">117–</span>138. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3351167">10.2307/3351167</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1813%2F53986">1813/53986</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351167">3351167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indonesia&rft.atitle=The+Javanization+of+Indian+Art&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=54&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E138&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1813%2F53986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3351167%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3351167&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtikaSchiller2022" class="citation journal cs1">Etika, Tiwi; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tattmag.com%2F&rft.atitle=40+DAYAK+TATTOOS%3A+ORIGINS%2C+MEANINGS+%26+MORE&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft.au=Tattmag+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftattmag.com%2Fdayak-tattoos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTattmag_Team2023" class="citation web cs1">Tattmag Team (27 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?339150/The-Last-Long-Earlobes">"40The Last Long Earlobes"</a>. <i>panda.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=panda.org&rft.atitle=40The+Last+Long+Earlobes&rft.date=2023-11-27&rft.au=Tattmag+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwf.panda.org%2Fwwf_news%2F%3F339150%2FThe-Last-Long-Earlobes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kaltimber.com/blog/2020/7/20/dayak-architecture-and-art-the-use-of-longhouse">"Dayak Architecture and Art: The Use of Longhouse"</a>. <i>Kaltimber</i>. 20 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kaltimber&rft.atitle=Dayak+Architecture+and+Art%3A+The+Use+of+Longhouse&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaltimber.com%2Fblog%2F2020%2F7%2F20%2Fdayak-architecture-and-art-the-use-of-longhouse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.borneotalk.com/beads/">"Beads Culture"</a>. <i>Borneo Talk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borneo+Talk&rft.atitle=Beads+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.borneotalk.com%2Fbeads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerry_Justin_Dit,_Eileen_Paya_Foong" class="citation web cs1">Terry Justin Dit, Eileen Paya Foong. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espace.curtin.edu.au/bitstream/handle/20.500.11937/86025/85847.pdf?sequence=2">"The Importance Of Preserving Memories: A Story Of A Long Apu Family's Pesaka Beads"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Curtin.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Curtin.edu&rft.atitle=The+Importance+Of+Preserving+Memories%3A+A+Story+Of+A+Long+Apu+Family%27s+Pesaka+Beads&rft.au=Terry+Justin+Dit%2C+Eileen+Paya+Foong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespace.curtin.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F20.500.11937%2F86025%2F85847.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Kenneth2019" class="citation news cs1">Robert Kenneth (26 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/dayaks-gather-to-mark-peace-treaty/">"Dayaks Gather to Mark Peace Treaty"</a>. <i>New Sarawak Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Sarawak+Tribune&rft.atitle=Dayaks+Gather+to+Mark+Peace+Treaty&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft.au=Robert+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsarawaktribune.com.my%2Fdayaks-gather-to-mark-peace-treaty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeimannov2007" class="citation news cs1">Heimannov, Judith M. (9 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/09/opinion/09iht-edheiman.1.8264661.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Guests' can succeed where occupiers fail"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Guests%27+can+succeed+where+occupiers+fail&rft.date=2007-11-09&rft.aulast=Heimannov&rft.aufirst=Judith+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F11%2F09%2Fopinion%2F09iht-edheiman.1.8264661.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indahnesia.com/indonesia/SAMCHR/chronology.php">"The Sampit conflict – Chronology of violence in Central Kalimantan"</a>. <i>Discover Indonesia Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discover+Indonesia+Online&rft.atitle=The+Sampit+conflict+%E2%80%93+Chronology+of+violence+in+Central+Kalimantan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findahnesia.com%2Findonesia%2FSAMCHR%2Fchronology.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Rizal Abdullah (2019). The Iban Trackers and Sarawak Rangers: 1948–1963. Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/25997/1/The%20Iban%20Trackers%20and%20Sarawak%20Rangers.pdf">https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/25997/1/The%20Iban%20Trackers%20and%20Sarawak%20Rangers.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128120112/https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/25997/1/The%20Iban%20Trackers%20and%20Sarawak%20Rangers.pdf">Archived</a> 28 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Accessed on 18/01/2020)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRizkyWibisono2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rizky, R.; Wibisono, T. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0fQGCgAAQBAJ"><i>Mengenal Seni dan Budaya Indonesia</i></a> (in Indonesian). Penebar CIF. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9797883102" title="Special:BookSources/978-9797883102"><bdi>978-9797883102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mengenal+Seni+dan+Budaya+Indonesia&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Penebar+CIF&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9797883102&rft.aulast=Rizky&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Wibisono%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0fQGCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedict_Sandin1967" class="citation book cs1">Benedict Sandin (1967). <i>The Sea Dayaks of Borneo Before White Rajah Rule</i>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sea+Dayaks+of+Borneo+Before+White+Rajah+Rule&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Benedict+Sandin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_Freeman1955" class="citation book cs1">Derek Freeman (1955). <i>Iban Agriculture: A Report on the Shifting Cultivation of Hill Rice by the Iban of Sarawak</i>. H.M. Stationery Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iban+Agriculture%3A+A+Report+on+the+Shifting+Cultivation+of+Hill+Rice+by+the+Iban+of+Sarawak&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1955&rft.au=Derek+Freeman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_Freeman1970" class="citation book cs1">Derek Freeman (1970). <i>Report on the Iban</i>. Bloomsbury Academic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+Iban&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Derek+Freeman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Hansen1988" class="citation book cs1">Eric Hansen (1988). <i>Stranger in the Forest: On Foot Across Borneo</i>. Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375724954" title="Special:BookSources/9780375724954"><bdi>9780375724954</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stranger+in+the+Forest%3A+On+Foot+Across+Borneo&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780375724954&rft.au=Eric+Hansen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHans_Schärer2013" class="citation book cs1">Hans Schärer (2013). <i>Ngaju Religion: The Conception of God among a South Borneo People</i>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789401193467" title="Special:BookSources/9789401193467"><bdi>9789401193467</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ngaju+Religion%3A+The+Conception+of+God+among+a+South+Borneo+People&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789401193467&rft.au=Hans+Sch%C3%A4rer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_Yves_Domalain1973" class="citation book cs1">Jean Yves Domalain (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ransomclea00clea"><i>Panjamon: I was a Headhunter</i></a></span>. William Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780688000288" title="Special:BookSources/9780688000288"><bdi>9780688000288</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panjamon%3A+I+was+a+Headhunter&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780688000288&rft.au=Jean+Yves+Domalain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fransomclea00clea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudith_M._Heimann2009" class="citation book cs1">Judith M. Heimann (2009). <i>The Airmen and the Headhunters: A True Story of Lost Soldiers, Heroic Tribesmen and the Unlikeliest Rescue of World War II</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780547416069" title="Special:BookSources/9780547416069"><bdi>9780547416069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Airmen+and+the+Headhunters%3A+A+True+Story+of+Lost+Soldiers%2C+Heroic+Tribesmen+and+the+Unlikeliest+Rescue+of+World+War+II&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780547416069&rft.au=Judith+M.+Heimann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorma_R._Youngberg2000" class="citation book cs1">Norma R. Youngberg (2000). <i>The Queen's Gold</i>. TEACH Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781572581555" title="Special:BookSources/9781572581555"><bdi>9781572581555</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+Gold&rft.pub=TEACH+Services&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781572581555&rft.au=Norma+R.+Youngberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Goullart1965" class="citation book cs1">Peter Goullart (1965). <i>River of the White Lily: Life in Sarawak</i>. John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-0542-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-0542-9"><bdi>0-7195-0542-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=River+of+the+White+Lily%3A+Life+in+Sarawak&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-7195-0542-9&rft.au=Peter+Goullart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_Corbey2016" class="citation book cs1">Raymond Corbey (2016). <i>Of Jars and Gongs: Two Keys to Ot Danum Dayak Cosmology</i>. C. Zwartenkot Art Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789054500162" title="Special:BookSources/9789054500162"><bdi>9789054500162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Of+Jars+and+Gongs%3A+Two+Keys+to+Ot+Danum+Dayak+Cosmology&rft.pub=C.+Zwartenkot+Art+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9789054500162&rft.au=Raymond+Corbey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._John,_Sir_Spenser1879" class="citation book cs1">St. <a href="/wiki/Spenser_St._John" title="Spenser St. John">John, Sir Spenser</a> (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifesirjamesbro01johngoog"><i>The life of Sir James Brooke: Rajah of Sarawak: From His Personal Papers and Correspondence</i></a>. Edinburgh & London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Sir+James+Brooke%3A+Rajah+of+Sarawak%3A+From+His+Personal+Papers+and+Correspondence&rft.pub=Edinburgh+%26+London&rft.date=1879&rft.au=St.+John%2C+Sir+Spenser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flifesirjamesbro01johngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyamsuddin_Haris2005" class="citation book cs1">Syamsuddin Haris (2005). <i>Desentralisasi dan Otonomi Daerah: Desentralisasi, Demokratisasi & Akuntabilitas Pemerintahan Daerah</i>. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789799801418" title="Special:BookSources/9789799801418"><bdi>9789799801418</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desentralisasi+dan+Otonomi+Daerah%3A+Desentralisasi%2C+Demokratisasi+%26+Akuntabilitas+Pemerintahan+Daerah&rft.pub=Yayasan+Obor+Indonesia&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789799801418&rft.au=Syamsuddin+Haris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictor_T_King1978" class="citation book cs1">Victor T King (1978). <i>Essays on Borneo Societies</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197134344" title="Special:BookSources/9780197134344"><bdi>9780197134344</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Borneo+Societies&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780197134344&rft.au=Victor+T+King&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayak+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dayak_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dayak people">Dayak people</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605101742/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5908207.ece">Tribal peoples are fighting huge hydro-electric projects that are carving up the island's rainforest</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt4580337s/">The J. Arthur and Edna Mouw papers</a> at the Hoover Institution Archives focuses on the interaction of Christian missionaries with Dayak people in Borneo.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/episodes/the-airmen-and-the-headhunters-watch-the-full-episode/499/">The Airmen and the Headhunters</a> Documentary produced by the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> Series <a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Dead" title="Secrets of the Dead">Secrets of the Dead</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 18px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/40px-Social_sciences.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="18" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/60px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&oldid=1281202996">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&oldid=1281202996</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Dayak_people&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="DDG9912" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1742339540"> <span>Last edited on 18 March 2025, at 23:12</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83" title="شعب الداياك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب الداياك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayaklar" title="Dayaklar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dayaklar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Dayak" title="Urang Dayak – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Urang Dayak" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Dayak-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dayak-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Даякі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даякі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_tawong_Dayak" title="Mga tawong Dayak – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mga tawong Dayak" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diak" title="Diak – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daj%C3%A1kov%C3%A9" title="Dajákové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dajákové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dayak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dayak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajakoj" title="Dajakoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dajakoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak_etnia" title="Dayak etnia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dayak etnia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="مردم دایاک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم دایاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dayak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%95%BD%EC%A1%B1" title="다약족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다약족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="डायक लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डायक लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajaci" title="Dajaci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dajaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattao_a_Dayak" title="Tattao a Dayak – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tattao a Dayak" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Dayak" title="Suku Dayak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Dayak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daiacchi" title="Daiacchi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Daiacchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dayak" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="დაიაკები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დაიაკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Даяктар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Даяктар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajakai" title="Dajakai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dajakai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daiaka_(vahoaka)" title="Daiaka (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Daiaka (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dayak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Dayak" title="Urang Dayak – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Urang Dayak" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဒိုင်းယက်လူမျိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒိုင်းယက်လူမျိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajaks" title="Dajaks – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dajaks" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%A4%E3%82%AF%E6%97%8F" title="ダヤク族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダヤク族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayaklar" title="Dayaklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dayaklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajakowie" title="Dajakowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dajakowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dayak" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Даяки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Даяки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dayak people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Дајаци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дајаци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajakit" title="Dajakit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dajakit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajaker" title="Dajaker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dajaker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="தயாக்கு மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தயாக்கு மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="ชาวไดยัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวไดยัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayaklar" title="Dayaklar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dayaklar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Даяки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Даяки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dayak" title="Người Dayak – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Dayak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E9%9B%85%E4%BA%BA" title="達雅人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="達雅人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Dayak" title="Orang Dayak – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Orang Dayak" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayak" title="Dayak – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Dayak" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> <ul id="footer-icons" class="footer-icons"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" 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